NATURE - 2673

• (2025). Publisher correction: Functional synapses between neurons and small cell lung cancer. NATURE, 646(8086), E17. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sakthivelu, Vignesh and Schmitt, Anna and Odenthal, Franka and Ndoci, Kristiano and Touet, Marian and Shaib, Ali H. and Chihab, Abdulla and Wani, Gulzar A. and Nieper, Pascal and Hartmann, Griffin G. and Pintelon, Isabel and Kisis, Ilmars and Boecker, Maike and Eckert, Naja M. and Iannicelli Caiaffa, Manoela and Ibruli, Olta and Weber, Julia and Maresch, Roman and Bebber, Christina M. and Chitsaz, Ali and Lütz, Anna and Kim Alves Carpinteiro, Mira and Morris, Kaylee M. and Franchino, Camilla A. and Benz, Jonas and Pérez-Revuelta, Laura and Soriano-Campos, Jorge A. and Huetzen, Maxim A. and Goergens, Jonas and Jevtic, Milica and Jahn-Kelleter, Hannah M. and Zempel, Hans and Placzek, Aleksandra and Hennrich, Alexandru A. and Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus and Tumbrink, Hannah L. and Hunold, Pascal and Isensee, Joerg and Werr, Lisa and Gaedke, Felix and Schauss, Astrid and Minère, Marielle and Müller, Marie and Fenselau, Henning and Liu, Yin and Heimsoeth, Alena and Gülcüler Balta, Gülce S. and Walczak, Henning and Frezza, Christian and Jachimowicz, Ron D. and George, Julie and Schmiel, Marcel and Brägelmann, Johannes and Hucho, Tim and von Karstedt, Silvia and Peifer, Martin and Annibaldi, Alessandro and Hänsel-Hertsch, Robert and Persigehl, Thorsten and Grüll, Holger and Sos, Martin L. and Reifenberger, Guido and Fischer, Matthias and Adriaensen, Dirk and Büttner, Reinhard and Sage, Julien and Brouns, Inge and Rad, Roland and Thomas, Roman K. and Anstötz, Max and Rizzoli, Silvio O. and Bergami, Matteo and Motori, Elisa and Reinhardt, Hans Christian and Beleggia, Filippo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09638-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Functional synapses between neurons and small cell lung cancer}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics. NATURE, 646(8086), E16. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schaffer, Leah V. and Hu, Mengzhou and Qian, Gege and Moon, Kyung-Mee and Pal, Abantika and Soni, Neelesh and Latham, Andrew P. and Pontano Vaites, Laura and Tsai, Dorothy and Mattson, Nicole M. and Licon, Katherine and Bachelder, Robin and Cesnik, Anthony and Gaur, Ishan and Le, Trang and Leineweber, William and Palar, Aji and Pulido, Ernst and Qin, Yue and Zhao, Xiaoyu and Churas, Christopher and Lenkiewicz, Joanna and Chen, Jing and Ono, Keiichiro and Pratt, Dexter and Zage, Peter and Echeverria, Ignacia and Sali, Andrej and Harper, J. Wade and Gygi, Steven P. and Foster, Leonard J. and Huttlin, Edward L. and Lundberg, Emma and Ideker, Trey}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09648-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Selenium-alloyed tellurium oxide for amorphous p-channel transistors. NATURE, 646(8086), E15. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Ao and Kim, Yong-Sung and Kim, Min Gyu and Reo, Youjin and Zou, Taoyu and Choi, Taesu and Bai, Sai and Zhu, Huihui and Noh, Yong-Young}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09667-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Selenium-alloyed tellurium oxide for amorphous p-channel transistors}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Mechanism of BRCA1–BARD1 function in DNA end resection and DNA protection. NATURE, 646(8086), E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ceppi, Ilaria and Dello Stritto, Maria Rosaria and Mütze, Martin and Braunshier, Stefan and Mengoli, Valentina and Reginato, Giordano and Võ, Hồ Mỹ Phúc and Jimeno, Sonia and Acharya, Ananya and Roy, Megha and Sanchez, Aurore and Halder, Swagata and Howard, Sean Michael and Guérois, Raphaël and Huertas, Pablo and Noordermeer, Sylvie M. and Seidel, Ralf and Cejka, Petr}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09636-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Mechanism of BRCA1–BARD1 function in DNA end resection and DNA protection}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse. NATURE, 646(8086), E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kapadia, Chiraag D. and Williams, Nicholas and Dawson, Kevin J. and Watson, Caroline and Yousefzadeh, Matthew J. and Le, Duy and Nyamondo, Kudzai and Kodavali, Sreeya and Cagan, Alex and Waldvogel, Sarah and Zhang, Xiaoyan and De La Fuente, Josephine and Leongamornlert, Daniel and Mitchell, Emily and Florez, Marcus A. and Sosnowski, Krzysztof and Aguilar, Rogelio and Martell, Alejandra and Guzman, Anna and Harrison, David and Niedernhofer, Laura J. and King, Katherine Y. and Campbell, Peter J. and Blundell, Jamie and Goodell, Margaret A. and Nangalia, Jyoti}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09635-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Uncertain climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen. NATURE, 646(8086), E10-E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gong, Cheng and Tian, Hanqin and Liao, Hong and Pan, Naiqing and Pan, Shufen and Ito, Akihiko and Jain, Atul K. and Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian and Joos, Fortunat and Sun, Qing and Shi, Hao and Vuichard, Nicolas and Zhu, Qing and Peng, Changhui and Maggi, Federico and Tang, Fiona H. M. and Zaehle, Sönke}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09338-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E10-E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Uncertain climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Uncertain climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen. NATURE, 646(8086), E4-E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hodnebrog, Øivind and Jouan, Caroline and Hauglustaine, Didier A. and Paulot, Fabien and Bauer, Susanne E. and Beaudor, Maureen and Prather, Michael J. and Sandstad, Marit and Skeie, Ragnhild B. and Myhre, Gunnar}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09337-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {E4-E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Uncertain climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cold plunge: How i gained hands-on experience in marine biology. NATURE, 646(8086), 1018. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Matthew Kim learnt how to conduct research while studying in a small Canadian town for a semester. Matthew Kim learnt how to conduct research while studying in a small Canadian town for a semester.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03347-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {1018}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cold plunge: How i gained hands-on experience in marine biology}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are these the happiest PhD students in the world?. NATURE, 646(8086), 1013-1016. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Brazil, Australia and Italy have the highest satisfaction scores in Nature’s global 2025 PhD survey — but are these nations really the best places to do a doctorate? Brazil, Australia and Italy have the highest satisfaction scores in Nature’s global 2025 PhD survey — but are these nations really the best places to do a doctorate?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03346-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {1013-1016}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are these the happiest PhD students in the world?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multiple overlapping binding sites determine transcription factor occupancy. NATURE, 646(8086), 1001-1011. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by interacting with DNA in a sequence-specific manner. High-throughput in vitro technologies, such as protein-binding microarrays1–6 and HT-SELEX (high-throughput systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment)7,8, have revealed the DNA-binding specificities of hundreds of TFs. However, they have limited ability to reliably identify lower-affinity DNA binding sites, which are increasingly recognized as important for precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression9–19. Here, to address this limitation, we developed protein affinity to DNA by in vitro transcription and RNA sequencing (PADIT-seq), with which we comprehensively assayed the binding preferences of six TFs to all possible ten-base-pair DNA sequences, detecting hundreds of novel, lower-affinity binding sites. The expanded repertoire of lower-affinity binding sites revealed that nucleotides flanking high-affinity DNA binding sites create overlapping lower-affinity sites that together modulate TF genomic occupancy in vivo. We propose a model in which TF binding is not determined by individual binding sites, but rather by the sum of multiple, overlapping binding sites. The overlapping binding model explains how competition between paralogous TFs for shared high-affinity binding sites is determined by flanking nucleotides that create differential numbers of overlapping, lower-affinity binding sites. Critically, the model transforms our understanding of noncoding-variant effects, revealing how single nucleotide changes simultaneously alter multiple overlapping sites to additively influence gene expression and human traits, including diseases. A new method enables comprehensive screening and identification of low-affinity DNA binding sites for transcription factors, and reveals that nucleotides flanking high-affinity binding sites create overlapping low-affinity binding sites that modulate transcription factor binding in vivo.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khetan, Shubham and Carroll, Brent S. and Bulyk, Martha L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09472-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {1001-1011}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multiple overlapping binding sites determine transcription factor occupancy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DNA2 enables growth by restricting recombination-restarted replication. NATURE, 646(8086), 992-1000. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nuclease–helicase DNA2 is a multifunctional genome caretaker that is essential for cell proliferation in a range of organisms, from yeast to human1–4. Bi-allelic DNA2 mutations that reduce DNA2 concentrations cause a spectrum of primordial dwarfism disorders, including Seckel and Rothmund–Thomson-related syndromes5–7. By contrast, cancer cells frequently express high concentrations of DNA2 (refs. 8–11). The mechanism that precludes cell proliferation in the absence of DNA2 and the molecular aetiology of DNA2-linked diseases remain elusive. Here we used yeast and human cells to demonstrate that DNA2 suppresses homologous recombination-restarted replication and checkpoint activation at stalled DNA replication forks. Loss of this control mechanism upon degradation of DNA2 in human cells causes recombination-dependent DNA synthesis and build-up of RPA-bound single-stranded DNA in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Consequently, DNA2 deprivation triggers the DNA damage checkpoint and invariably leads to ATR–p21-dependent cell-cycle exit before mitosis. These findings explain why DNA2 is essential for cell proliferation and reveal that replication fork processing to restrict recombination is indispensable for avoiding cellular senescence. Stochastic entry into senescence stifles the proliferative potential of cells following the expression of a Seckel syndrome patient-derived DNA2 hypomorph or partial degradation of DNA2, providing a conceptual framework to explain global growth failure in DNA2-linked primordial dwarfism disorders. DNA2 suppresses recombination-restarted replication and checkpoint activation at stalled forks, and its loss triggers recombination-dependent synthesis, checkpoint signalling and cell-cycle exit, highlighting its essential role in proliferation and growth failure in primordial dwarfism.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hudson, Jessica J. R. and Appanah, Rowin and Jones, David and Davidson, Kathryn and Budden, Alice M. and Vaitsiankova, Alina and Chan, Kok-Lung and Caldecott, Keith W. and Carr, Antony M. and Rass, Ulrich}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09470-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {992-1000}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DNA2 enables growth by restricting recombination-restarted replication}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CRISPR activation for SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders. NATURE, 646(8086), 983-991. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most neurodevelopmental disorders with single gene diagnoses act via haploinsufficiency, in which only one of the two gene copies is functional1. SCN2A haploinsufficiency is one of the most frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorder, often presenting with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and, in a subset of children, refractory epilepsy2. Here, using SCN2A haploinsufficiency as a proof-of-concept, we show that upregulation of the existing functional gene copy through CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) can rescue neurological-associated phenotypes in Scn2a haploinsufficient mice. We first show that restoring Scn2a expression in adolescent heterozygous Scn2a conditional knock-in mice rescues electrophysiological deficits associated with Scn2a haploinsufficiency (Scn2a+/−). Next, using an adeno-associated virus CRISPRa-based treatment in adolescent mice, we show that we can correct intrinsic and synaptic deficits in neocortical pyramidal cells, a major cell type that contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders and seizure aetiology in SCN2A haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, we find that systemic delivery of CRISPRa protects Scn2a+/− mice against chemoconvulsant-induced seizures. Finally, we also show that adeno-associated virus CRISPRa treatment rescues excitability in SCN2A haploinsufficient human stem-cell-derived neurons. Our results showcase the potential of this therapeutic approach to rescue SCN2A haploinsufficiency and demonstrates that rescue even at adolescent stages can ameliorate neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Using SCN2A haploinsufficiency as a proof-of-concept, upregulation of the existing functional gene copy through CRISPR activation was able to rescue neurological-associated phenotypes in Scn2a haploinsufficient mice and human neurons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tamura, Serena and Nelson, Andrew D. and Spratt, Perry W. E. and Hamada, Elizabeth C. and Zhou, Xujia and Kyoung, Henry and Li, Zizheng and Arnould, Coline and Barskyi, Vladyslav and Krupkin, Beniamin and Young, Kiana and Zhao, Jingjing and Holden, Stephanie S. and Sahagun, Atehsa and Keeshen, Caroline M. and Lu, Congyi and Ben-Shalom, Roy and Taloma, Sunrae E. and Schamiloglu, Selin and Li, Ying C. and Min, Lia and Jenkins, Paul M. and Pan, Jen Q. and Paz, Jeanne T. and Sanders, Stephan J. and Matharu, Navneet and Ahituv, Nadav and Bender, Kevin J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09522-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {983-991}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CRISPR activation for SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular subtypes of human skeletal muscle in cancer cachexia. NATURE, 646(8086), 973-982. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer-associated muscle wasting is associated with poor clinical outcomes1, but its underlying biology is largely uncharted in humans2. Unbiased analysis of the RNAome (coding and non-coding RNAs) with unsupervised clustering using integrative non-negative matrix factorization3 provides a means of identifying distinct molecular subtypes and was applied here to muscle of patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer. Rectus abdominis biopsies from 84 patients were profiled using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Integrative non-negative matrix factorization with stringent quality metrics for clustering identified two highly coherent molecular subtypes within muscle of patients with cancer. Patients with subtype 1 (versus subtype 2) showed clinical manifestations of cachexia: high-grade weight loss, low muscle mass, atrophy of type IIA and type IIX muscle fibres, and reduced survival. On the basis of differential expression between the subtypes, we identified biological processes that may contribute to cancer-associated loss of muscle mass and function, including altered posttranscriptional regulation and perturbation of neuronal systems; cytokine storm and cellular immune response; pathways related to extracellular matrix; and metabolic abnormalities spanning xenobiotic metabolism, haemostasis, signal transduction, embryonic and/or pluripotent stem cells, and amino acid metabolism. Differential expression between subtypes indicated the involvement of multiple intertwined higher-order gene regulatory networks, suggesting that network interactions of (hub) long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs could represent targets for future research. Unbiased clustering analysis of the skeletal muscle RNAome in patients with cancer identifies two molecular subtypes, one of which distinguishes individuals with cachexia and indicates potential target pathways for future research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bhatt, Bhumi J. and Ghosh, Sunita and Mazurak, Vera and Brun, Aurélien Q. and Bathe, Oliver and Baracos, Vickie E. and Damaraju, Sambasivarao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09502-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {973-982}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular subtypes of human skeletal muscle in cancer cachexia}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Systematic discovery of CRISPR-boosted CAR t cell immunotherapies. NATURE, 646(8086), 963-972. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in treating blood cancers, but CAR T cell dysfunction remains a common cause of treatment failure1. Here we present CELLFIE, a CRISPR screening platform for enhancing CAR T cells across multiple clinical objectives. We performed genome-wide screens in human primary CAR T cells, with readouts capturing key aspects of T cell biology, including proliferation, target cell recognition, activation, apoptosis and fratricide, and exhaustion. Screening hits were prioritized using a new in vivo CROP-seq2 method in a xenograft model of human leukaemia, establishing several gene knockouts that boost CAR T cell efficacy. Most notably, we discovered that RHOG knockout is a potent and unexpected CAR T cell enhancer, both individually and together with FAS knockout, which was validated across multiple in vivo models, CAR designs and sample donors, and in patient-derived cells. Demonstrating the versatility of the CELLFIE platform, we also conducted combinatorial CRISPR screens to identify synergistic gene pairs and saturation base-editing screens to characterize RHOG variants. In summary, we discovered, validated and biologically characterized CRISPR-boosted CAR T cells that outperform standard CAR T cells in widely used benchmarks, establishing a foundational resource for optimizing cell-based immunotherapies. CELLFIE, a CRISPR platform for optimizing cell-based immunotherapies, identifies gene knockouts that enhance CAR T cell efficacy using in vitro and in vivo screens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Datlinger, Paul and Pankevich, Eugenia V. and Arnold, Cosmas D. and Pranckevicius, Nicole and Lin, Jenny and Romanovskaia, Daria and Schaefer, Moritz and Piras, Francesco and Orts, Anne-Christine and Nemc, Amelie and Biesaga, Paulina N. and Chan, Michelle and Neuwirth, Teresa and Artemov, Artem V. and Li, Wentao and Ladstätter, Sabrina and Krausgruber, Thomas and Bock, Christoph}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09507-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {963-972}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Systematic discovery of CRISPR-boosted CAR t cell immunotherapies}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In vivo CRISPR screens identify modifiers of CAR t cell function in myeloma. NATURE, 646(8086), 953-962. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are highly effective in haematological malignancies1. However, progressive loss of CAR T cells contributes to relapse in many patients2–4. Here we performed in vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens in CAR T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen to investigate genes that influence CAR T cell persistence and function in a human multiple myeloma model. We tracked the expansion and persistence of CRISPR library-edited T cells in vitro and at early and late time points in vivo to track the performance of gene-modified CAR T cells from manufacturing to survival in tumours. The screens revealed context-specific regulators of CAR T cell expansion and persistence. Ablation of RASA2 and SOCS1 enhanced T cell expansion in vitro, whereas loss of PTPN2, ZC3H12A and RC3H1 conferred early growth advantages to CAR T cells in vivo. Notably, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (encoded by CDKN1B), a cell cycle regulator, as the most important factor limiting CAR T cell fitness at late time points in vivo. CDKN1B ablation increased CAR T cell proliferation and effector function, significantly enhancing tumour clearance and overall survival. Our findings reveal differing effects of gene perturbation on CAR T cells over time and in different environments, highlight CDKN1B as a promising target to generate highly effective CAR T cells for multiple myeloma and underscore the potential of in vivo screening for identifying genes to enhance CAR T cell efficacy. In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Knudsen, Nelson H. and Escobar, Giulia and Korell, Felix and Kienka, Tamina and Nobrega, Celeste and Anderson, Seth and Cheng, Andrew Y. and Zschummel, Maria and Armstrong, Alexander and Bouffard, Amanda and Kann, Michael C. and Goncalves, Sadie and Pope, Hans W. and Pezeshki, Mitra and Rojas, Alexander and Suermondt, Juliette S. M. T. and Phillips, Merle and Berger, Trisha R. and Park, Sangwoo and Salas-Benito, Diego and Darnell, Elijah P. and Birocchi, Filippo and Leick, Mark B. and Larson, Rebecca C. and Doench, John G. and Sen, Debattama and Yates, Kathleen B. and Manguso, Robert T. and Maus, Marcela V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09489-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {953-962}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In vivo CRISPR screens identify modifiers of CAR t cell function in myeloma}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). LRP8 is a receptor for tick-borne encephalitis virus. NATURE, 646(8086), 945-952. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe and sometimes life-threatening disease characterized by viral invasion of the central nervous system with symptoms of neuroinflammation1,2. As with other orthoflaviviruses—enveloped, arthropod-borne RNA viruses—host factors required for TBEV entry remain poorly defined. Here we used a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9-based screen to identify LRP8, an apolipoprotein E and reelin receptor with high expression in the brain, as a TBEV receptor. LRP8 downregulation reduced TBEV infection in human cells, and its overexpression enhanced infection. LRP8 bound directly to the TBEV E glycoprotein and mediated viral attachment and internalization into cells. An LRP8-based soluble decoy blocked infection of human cell lines and neuronal cells and protected mice from lethal TBEV challenge. LRP8’s role as a TBEV receptor has implications for TBEV neuropathogenesis and the development of antiviral countermeasures. LRP8, an apolipoprotein E and reelin receptor with high expression in the brain, is a receptor for tick-borne encephalitis virus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mittler, Eva and Tse, Alexandra L. and Tran, Pham-Tue-Hung and Florez, Catalina and Janer, Javier and Varnaite, Renata and Kasikci, Ezgi and MV, Vasantha Kumar and Loomis, Michaela and Christ, Wanda and Cazares, Erik and Bakken, Russell R. and Martin, Caroline K. and Zeng, Xiankun and Raymond, Jo Lynne and Shahsavani, Mansoureh and Khanal, Sara and Wilkinson, Eric R. and Oktavia, Rischa Maya and Slough, Megan M. and Haslwanter, Denise and Han, Julianna and Berrigan, Jacob and Rosendal, Ebba and Kielian, Margaret and Manicassamy, Balaji and Överby, Anna K. and Falk, Anna and Barba-Spaeth, Giovanna and Rey, Felix A. and Klingström, Jonas and Gavathiotis, Evripidis and Herbert, Andrew S. and Chandran, Kartik and Gredmark-Russ, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09500-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {945-952}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {LRP8 is a receptor for tick-borne encephalitis virus}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic fibroblast–immune interactions shape recovery after brain injury. NATURE, 646(8086), 934-944. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fibroblasts and immune cells coordinate tissue regeneration and necessary scarring after injury. In the brain, fibroblasts are border-enriched cells whose dynamic molecular states and immune interactions after injury remain unclear1. Here we define the shared fibroblast–immune response to brain injury. Early profibrotic myofibroblasts develop from pre-existing brain fibroblasts and infiltrate brain lesions, orchestrated by fibroblast TGFβ signalling, profibrotic macrophages and microglia, and perilesional glia. Myofibroblasts transition into several late fibroblast states, including lymphocyte-interactive fibroblasts. Interruption of the early myofibroblast state exacerbated sub-acute brain injury, tissue loss and secondary neuroinflammation, with increased mortality in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Disruption of late lymphocyte–fibroblast niches via selective loss of fibroblast chemokine CXCL12 led to late brain-specific innate inflammation and lymphocyte dispersal with increased IFNγ production. These data indicate the response to brain injury is coordinated by evolving temporal and spatial fibroblast states that limit functional tissue loss and chronic neuroinflammation. Spatial transcriptomic studies and lineage tracing reveal that, after brain injury, transient profibrotic fibroblasts develop from existing brain fibroblasts, infiltrate lesions, regulate the local immune response and lead to beneficial scar tissue formation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ewing-Crystal, Nathan A. and Mroz, Nicholas M. and Larpthaveesarp, Amara and Lizama, Carlos O. and Pennington, Remy and Chiaranunt, Pailin and Dennis, Jason I. and Chang, Anthony A. and Merrill, Eric Dean and Caryotakis, Sofia E. and Kirthivasan, Nikhita and Teo, Leon and Tsukui, Tatsuya and Katewa, Aditya and McKinsey, Gabriel L. and Nelson, Sophia C. K. and Ciesielska, Agnieszka and Lummis, Nicole C. and Pintarić, Lucija and Dahlgren, Madelene W. and Atakilit, Amha and Paidassi, Helena and Jain, Saket and Liu, Xiaodan and Xu, Duan and Aghi, Manish K. and Bourne, James A. and Paz, Jeanne T. and Daneman, Richard and Gonzalez, Fernando F. and Sheppard, Dean and Molofsky, Anna V. and Arnold, Thomas D. and Molofsky, Ari B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09449-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {934-944}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic fibroblast–immune interactions shape recovery after brain injury}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbial iron oxide respiration coupled to sulfide oxidation. NATURE, 646(8086), 925-933. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Microorganisms have driven Earth’s sulfur cycle since the emergence of life1–6, yet the sulfur-cycling capacities of microorganisms and their integration with other element cycles remain incompletely understood. One such uncharacterized metabolism is the coupling of sulfide oxidation with iron(iii) oxide reduction, a ubiquitous environmental process hitherto considered to be strictly abiotic7,8. Here we present a comprehensive genomic analysis of sulfur metabolism across prokaryotes, and reveal bacteria that are capable of oxidizing sulfide using extracellular solid phase iron(iii). Based on a phylogenetic framework of over hundred genes involved in dissimilatory transformation of sulfur compounds, we recorded sulfur-cycling capacity in most bacterial and archaeal phyla. Metabolic reconstructions predicted co-occurrence of sulfur compound oxidation and iron(iii) oxide respiration in diverse members of 37 prokaryotic phyla. Physiological and transcriptomic evidence demonstrated that a cultivated representative, Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus, grows autotrophically by oxidizing dissolved sulfide or iron monosulfide (FeS) to sulfate with ferrihydrite as an extracellular iron(iii) electron acceptor. The biological process outpaced the abiotic process at environmentally relevant sulfide concentrations. These findings expand the known diversity of sulfur-cycling microorganisms and unveil a biological mechanism that links sulfur and iron cycling in anoxic environments, thus highlighting the fundamental role of microorganisms in global element cycles. Genomic and biochemical analyses of prokaryotic sulfur metabolism identify diverse microorganisms with the capacity to oxidize sulfide using iron(iii).}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Song-Can and Li, Xiao-Min and Battisti, Nicola and Guan, Guoqing and Montoya, Maria A. and Osvatic, Jay and Pjevac, Petra and Pollak, Shaul and Richter, Andreas and Schintlmeister, Arno and Wanek, Wolfgang and Mussmann, Marc and Loy, Alexander}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09467-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {925-933}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbial iron oxide respiration coupled to sulfide oxidation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microglia–neuron crosstalk through Hex–GM2–MGL2 maintains brain homeostasis. NATURE, 646(8086), 913-924. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system parenchyma, microglia perform diverse essential functions during homeostasis and perturbations1. They primarily interact with neurons by means of synaptic engulfment and through the rapid elimination of apoptotic cells and non-functional synapses2. Here, by combining unbiased lipidomics and high-resolution spatial lipid imaging, deep single-cell transcriptome analysis and novel cell-type-specific mutants, we identified a previously unknown mode of microglial interaction with neurons. During homeostasis, microglia deliver the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase to neurons for the degradation of the ganglioside GM2 that is integral to maintaining cell membrane organization and function. Absence of Hexb, encoding the β subunit of β-hexosaminidase, in both mice and patients with neurodegenerative Sandhoff disease leads to a massive accumulation of GM2 derivatives in a characteristic spatiotemporal manner3. In mice, neuronal GM2 gangliosides subsequently engage the macrophage galactose-type lectin 2 receptor on microglia through N-acetylgalactosamine residues, leading to lethal neurodegeneration. Notably, replacement of microglia with peripherally derived microglia-like cells is able to break this degenerative cycle and fully restore central nervous system homeostasis. Our results reveal a mode of bidirectional microglia–neuron communication centred around GM2 ganglioside turnover, identify a microgliopathy and offer therapeutic avenues for these maladies. A mode of bidirectional microglia–neuron crosstalk through Hex–GM2–MGL2 and centred around GM2 ganglioside turnover is essential for homeostatic regulation of central nervous system membrane components.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Frosch, Maximilian and Shimizu, Takashi and Wogram, Emile and Amann, Lukas and Gruber, Lars and Groisman, Ayelén I. and Fliegauf, Maximilian and Schwabenland, Marius and Chhatbar, Chintan and Zechel, Sabrina and Rosewich, Hendrik and Gärtner, Jutta and Quintana, Francisco J. and Buescher, Joerg M. and Blank, Thomas and Binder, Harald and Stadelmann, Christine and Letzkus, Johannes J. and Hopf, Carsten and Masuda, Takahiro and Knobeloch, Klaus-Peter and Prinz, Marco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09477-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {913-924}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microglia–neuron crosstalk through Hex–GM2–MGL2 maintains brain homeostasis}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Therapeutic genetic restoration through allogeneic brain microglia replacement. NATURE, 646(8086), 903-912. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Migration of transplanted allogeneic myeloid cells into the brain following systemic haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell transplantation (HCT) holds great promise as a therapeutic modality to correct genetic deficiencies in the brain such as lysosomal storage diseases1–3. However, the toxic myeloablation required for allogeneic HCT can cause serious, life-threatening side effects, limiting its applicability. Moreover, transplanted allogeneic myeloid cells are highly vulnerable to rejection even in an immune-privileged organ like the brain. Here we report a brain-restricted, high-efficiency microglia replacement approach without myeloablative preconditioning. Contrary to previous assumptions, we found that haematopoietic stem cells are not required to repopulate the myeloid compartment of the brain environment, and Sca1− committed progenitor cells were highly efficient in replacing microglia following intracerebral injection. This finding enabled the development of brain-restricted preconditioning and avoided long-term peripheral engraftment, thus eliminating complications such as graft-versus-host disease. Evaluating its therapeutic potential, we found that our allogeneic microglia replacement method rescued the mouse model of Sandhoff disease, a lysosomal storage disease caused by hexosaminidase B deficiency. In support of the translational relevance of this approach, we discovered that human embryonic stem cell-derived myeloid progenitor cells display a similar engraftment potential following brain-restricted conditioning. Our results overcome current limitations of conventional HCT and may pave the way for the development of allogeneic microglial cell therapies for the brain. Brain-restricted allogeneic transplantation of myeloid progenitors enables microglia replacement without the need for genetic engineering or systemic cytotoxic preconditioning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mader, Marius Marc-Daniel and Scavetti, Alexa and Yoo, Yongjin and Chai, Aaron Tianyue and Uenaka, Takeshi and Wernig, Marius}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09461-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {903-912}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Therapeutic genetic restoration through allogeneic brain microglia replacement}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human gastroids to model regional patterning in early stomach development. NATURE, 646(8086), 893-902. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The human stomach features distinct, regionalized functionalities along the anterior–posterior axis1,2. Historically, studies on stomach patterning have used animal models to identify the underlying principles3–7. Recently, human pluripotent stem (hPS)-cell-based gastric organoids for modelling domain-specific development of the fundic and antral epithelium are emerging8–10. However, recapitulating self-organized fundic–antral patterning in early stomach organogenesis remains challenging, presenting a considerable barrier for advancing knowledge of stomach organogenesis. Here we report human gastroids—a self-organized multilineage gastric organoid derived from hPS cells—to model gastric fundic–antral patterning in vitro. Through multi-germ-layer co-development, we generate gastroids that feature an epithelial chamber with bipolar fundic–antral patterning, annexed with neural populations near the fundic domain while enveloped by mesenchymal cells, therefore showing molecular, cellular, structural and anatomical similarity to stomach development in vivo. Non-endodermal cells, especially neural populations, function as a critical signalling centre to instruct fundic–antral patterning in gastroids through WNT-mediated crosstalk. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and genetic silencing further reveal NR2F2 as a key mediator of fundic–antral patterning in gastroid development. This study reveals a principle for instructing gastric patterning and provides a higher-fidelity platform for advancing knowledge of stomach organogenesis and gastric organoid development. Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Xia and Lin, Feng and Cui, Qiqi and Sun, Shiyu and Li, Shixin and Wang, Yue and Wang, Yiting and Bai, Jianbo and Liu, Shiyi and Guo, Jia and Han, Yizhao and Zhang, Meiru and Chang, Tie and Zheng, Yifan and Liu, Jianlin and Liu, Longqi and Wang, Leyun and Fu, Jianping and Liu, Xin and Bai, Bing and Shao, Yue}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09508-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {893-902}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human gastroids to model regional patterning in early stomach development}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rate and noise in human amygdala drive increased exploration in aversive learning. NATURE, 646(8086), 883-892. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To cope in uncertain environments, animals must balance their actions between using current resources and searching for new ones1. This exploration–exploitation dilemma has been studied extensively in paradigms involving positive outcomes, and neural correlates have been identified in frontal cortices and subcortical structures2–11, including the amygdala12. Importantly, exploration is just as essential for survival or well-being when trying to avoid negative outcomes, yet we do not know whether the single-neuron mechanisms that drive exploration are shared across positive and negative environments. Here we examined the dynamics of exploration when human participants engaged in a probabilistic learning task with intermixed loss and gain trials, while simultaneously recording single-neuron activity. We show that neurons of the amygdala and temporal cortex modulate their activity before a decision to explore in both loss and gain. Moreover, we find that humans exhibit more exploration when trying to avoid losses, and that an increase in the levels of noise in amygdala neurons contributes to this behaviour. Overall, we report that human exploration is driven by two distinct neural mechanisms, a valence-independent rate signal and a valence-dependent global noise signal. The results suggest a link between the heightened amygdala activity observed in mood disorders13,14 and higher exploration rates15–17 that underlie maladaptive and even pathological behaviours. Human exploration is driven by two distinct neural mechanisms, a valence-independent rate signal and a valence-dependent global noise signal.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reitich-Stolero, Tamar and Aberg, Kristoffer C. and Halperin, Dean and Ariel, Carmel and Morris, Genela and Goldstein, Lilach and Fahoum, Firas and Strauss, Ido and Paz, Rony}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09466-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {883-892}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rate and noise in human amygdala drive increased exploration in aversive learning}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A compressed hierarchy for visual form processing in the tree shrew. NATURE, 646(8086), 872-882. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Our knowledge of the brain processes that govern vision is largely derived from studying primates, whose hierarchically organized visual system1 inspired the architecture of deep neural networks2. This raises questions about the universality of such hierarchical structures. Here we examined the large-scale functional organization for vision in one of the closest living relatives to primates, the tree shrew. We performed Neuropixels recordings3,4 across many cortical and thalamic areas spanning the tree shrew ventral visual system while presenting a large battery of visual stimuli in awake tree shrews. We found that receptive field size, response latency and selectivity for naturalistic textures, compared with spectrally matched noise5, all increased moving anteriorly along the tree shrew visual pathway, consistent with a primate-like hierarchical organization6,7. However, tree shrew area V2 already harboured a high-level representation of complex objects. First, V2 encoded a complete representation of a high-level object space8. Second, V2 activity supported the most accurate object decoding and reconstruction among all tree shrew visual areas. In fact, object decoding accuracy from tree shrew V2 was comparable to that in macaque posterior IT and substantially higher than that in macaque V2. Finally, starting in V2, we found strongly face-selective cells resembling those reported in macaque inferotemporal cortex9. Overall, these findings show how core computational principles of visual form processing found in primates are conserved, yet hierarchically compressed, in a small but highly visual mammal. Tree shrews show a primate-like hierarchical organization in their visual pathway and object decoding accuracy, along with strongly face-selective cells, demonstrating how core computational principles of visual form processing found in primates are conserved yet compressed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lanfranchi, Frank F. and Wekselblatt, Joseph and Wagenaar, Daniel A. and Tsao, Doris Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09441-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {872-882}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A compressed hierarchy for visual form processing in the tree shrew}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In situ light-field imaging of octopus locomotion reveals simplified control. NATURE, 646(8086), 865-871. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animals have developed many different solutions to survive, and these abilities are inspiring technological innovations in a wide range of fields including robotics1–3. However, biologically inspired robots, especially those mimicking octopus locomotion4,5, are based on limited in situ behavioural data owing to the complexity of collecting quantitative observations. Here we describe deployments of a remotely operated vehicle, equipped with a suite of imaging systems, to study the mechanics of locomotion in the octopus Muusoctopus robustus at the recently discovered 3,000-m deep Octopus Garden. Using a recently developed light-field imaging system called EyeRIS and an ultra-high-definition science camera, we were able to capture wide and zoomed-in views to characterize whole-animal gaits in a completely unconstrained environment across multiple individuals. Furthermore, the real-time volumetric data captured using EyeRIS yielded quantitative kinematics measurements of individual octopus arms during crawling, showing regions of high curvature and strain concentrated at distinct arm locations. Our results indicate that M. robustus crawling patterns showed several elements of simplified control, with implications for the design of future octopus-inspired robots. Further developments and deployments of technologies such as EyeRIS, coupled with capable robotic vehicles, will enable mining of the deep ocean for biological inspiration. Using an advanced imaging system called EyeRIS, locomotion in deep-sea octopuses could be studied, revealing simplified crawling patterns that could inspire the design of robots.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Katija, Kakani and Huffard, Christine L. and Roberts, Paul L. D. and Daniels, Joost and Erickson, Jon and Klimov, Denis and Ruhl, Henry A. and Sherman, Alana D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09379-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {865-871}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In situ light-field imaging of octopus locomotion reveals simplified control}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Modern sea-level rise breaks 4,000-year stability in southeastern china. NATURE, 646(8086), 856-864. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantifying physical mechanisms driving sea-level change—including global mean sea level (GMSL) and regional-to-local components (that is, sea-level budget)—is essential for reliable future projections and effective coastal management1,2. Although previous research has attempted to resolve China’s sea-level budget from the 1950s3,4, these studies capture short timescales and lack the long-term context necessary to fully assess modern sea-level rise in southeastern China5—one of the world’s most densely populated regions with immense socioeconomic importance6. Here we show that GMSL followed three distinct stages from 11,700 years before present (BP) to the modern day: (1) rapid early Holocene rise driven by the deglacial melt of land ice; (2) 4,000 years of stability from around 4200 BP to the mid-nineteenth century when regional processes dominated sea-level change; and (3) accelerating rise from the mid-nineteenth century. Our results arise from spatiotemporal hierarchical modelling of geological sea-level proxies and tide gauge data to produce site-specific sea-level budget estimates with uncertainty quantification. It is extremely likely (P ≥ 0.95) that the GMSL rise rate since 1900 (1.51 ± 0.16 mm year−1, 1σ) has exceeded any century over at least the past four millennia. Moreover, our analysis indicates that at least 94% of rapid modern urban subsidence is attributable to anthropogenic activities, with localized subsidence rates often exceeding GMSL rise. Such concurrent acceleration of global sea-level rise and rapid localized subsidence has not been observed in our Holocene geological record. Spatiotemporal hierarchical modelling of geological sea-level proxies and tide gauge data suggest that the modern global mean sea-level rise rate since 1900 has exceeded any century over at least the past four millennia, breaking the long-term stability observed in southeastern China.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Yucheng and Kopp, Robert E. and Xiong, Haixian and Hibbert, Fiona D. and Zheng, Zhuo and Yu, Fengling and Kumar, Praveen and Dangendorf, Sönke and Yi, Hailin and Zhang, Yaze}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09600-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {856-864}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Modern sea-level rise breaks 4,000-year stability in southeastern china}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for battery interfaces. NATURE, 646(8086), 850-855. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the chemical environment of pristine interfaces is a long-sought goal in electrochemistry, materials science and surface science. A substantial understanding of one such interface, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium anodes, originates from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)1,2. However, room temperature (RT) combined with ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) can induce major SEI evolution from reactions and volatilization during XPS1,2. Thus, a technique is necessary for SEI stabilization. Here we develop cryogenic (cryo)-XPS with immediate plunge freezing and demonstrate SEI preservation. We discover substantially different SEI speciation and a thicker pristine SEI with cryo-XPS, free from RT-associated thickness reduction and alterations to important species, including LiF and Li2O, in UHV. This new access to pristine SEI composition enables performance correlations across diverse electrolyte chemistries. Primarily, we highlight the necessity of studying sensitive interfaces under cryogenic conditions. Cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, combined with immediate plunge freezing, can be used to probe the pristine solid electrolyte interphase in lithium metal batteries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shuchi, Sanzeeda Baig and D’Acunto, Giulio and Sayavong, Philaphon and Oyakhire, Solomon T. and Sanroman Gutierrez, Kenzie M. and Risner-Jamtgaard, Juliet and Choi, Il Rok and Cui, Yi and Bent, Stacey F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09618-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {850-855}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for battery interfaces}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deterministic soliton microcombs in cu-free photonic integrated circuits. NATURE, 646(8086), 843-849. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chip-scale optical frequency combs based on microresonators (microcombs) have provided access to optical combs with GHz-to-THz repetition rates, broad bandwidth, compact form factors and compatibility with wafer-scale manufacturing1. Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits emerged as a leading platform and have been used in nearly all system-level demonstrations so far, ranging from optical communications2, parallel lidar3, optical frequency synthesis4, low-noise microwave generation5 to parallel convolutional processing6. Yet, transitioning to real-world deployment outside laboratories has been compounded by the difficulty of deterministic soliton microcomb generation, primarily due to strong thermal instabilities. Although a variety of techniques have been developed to initiate soliton generation, including pulsed pumping, fast scanning and auxiliary-laser pumping7–11, these techniques do not eliminate thermal effects and often compromise microcomb performance, either by adding additional complexity or by reducing the accessible soliton existence range. Here we overcome thermal effects and demonstrate deterministic soliton generation in Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits. We trace thermal effects to unexpected copper impurities within the waveguides, which originate from residual contaminants in CMOS-grade Si wafers and are gettered into Si3N4 during fabrication. By developing copper removal techniques, we substantially reduce copper concentration and thereby mitigate thermal effects. We demonstrate successful dissipative Kerr soliton generation with arbitrary laser scanning profiles and slow laser scanning. Our techniques can be readily applied to front-end-of-line processing of Si3N4 devices in foundries, removing a key obstacle to the deployment of soliton microcomb technology. Copper-impurity-free Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits reduce thermal absorption and enable robust, deterministic soliton generation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ji, Xinru and Li, Xurong and Qiu, Zheru and Wang, Rui Ning and Divall, Marta and Gelash, Andrey and Lihachev, Grigory and Kippenberg, Tobias J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09598-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {843-849}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deterministic soliton microcombs in cu-free photonic integrated circuits}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A metallic p-wave magnet with commensurate spin helix. NATURE, 646(8086), 837-842. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Antiferromagnetic states with a spin-split electronic structure give rise to spintronic, magnonic and electronic phenomena despite (near-)zero net magnetization1–7. The simplest odd-parity spin splitting—p wave—was originally proposed to emerge from a collective instability in interacting electron systems8–12. Recent theory has identified a distinct route to realize p-wave spin-split electronic bands without strong correlations13,14, termed p-wave magnetism. Here we demonstrate an experimental realization of a metallic p-wave magnet. The odd-parity spin splitting of delocalized conduction electrons arises from their coupling to an antiferromagnetic texture of localized magnetic moments: a coplanar spin helix whose magnetic period is an even multiple of the chemical unit cell, as revealed by X-ray scattering experiments. This texture breaks space-inversion symmetry but approximately preserves time-reversal symmetry up to a half-unit-cell translation—thereby fulfilling the symmetry conditions for p-wave magnetism. Consistent with theoretical predictions, our p-wave magnet shows a characteristic anisotropy in the electronic conductivity13–15. Relativistic spin–orbit coupling and a tiny spontaneous net magnetization further break time-reversal symmetry, resulting in a giant anomalous Hall effect (Hall conductivity >600 S cm−1, Hall angle >3%), for an antiferromagnet. Our model calculations show that the spin-nodal planes found in the electronic structure of p-wave magnets are readily gapped by a small perturbation to induce the anomalous Hall effect. We establish metallic p-wave magnets as an ideal platform to explore the functionality of spin-split electronic states in magnets, superconductors, and in spintronic devices. A metallic p-wave magnet with commensurate spin helix and anisotropic electronic properties is experimentally realized and shows a giant anomalous Hall effect when distorted by a tiny spontaneous magnetization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yamada, Rinsuke and Birch, Max T. and Baral, Priya R. and Okumura, Shun and Nakano, Ryota and Gao, Shang and Ezawa, Motohiko and Nomoto, Takuya and Masell, Jan and Ishihara, Yuki and Kolincio, Kamil K. and Belopolski, Ilya and Sagayama, Hajime and Nakao, Hironori and Ohishi, Kazuki and Ohhara, Takashi and Kiyanagi, Ryoji and Nakajima, Taro and Tokura, Yoshinori and Arima, Taka-hisa and Motome, Yukitoshi and Hirschmann, Moritz M. and Hirschberger, Max}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09633-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {837-842}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A metallic p-wave magnet with commensurate spin helix}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Optimization by decoded quantum interferometry. NATURE, 646(8086), 831-836. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Achieving superpolynomial speed-ups for optimization has long been a central goal for quantum algorithms1. Here we introduce decoded quantum interferometry (DQI), a quantum algorithm that uses the quantum Fourier transform to reduce optimization problems to decoding problems. When approximating optimal polynomial fits over finite fields, DQI achieves a superpolynomial speed-up over known classical algorithms. The speed-up arises because the algebraic structure of the problem is reflected in the decoding problem, which can be solved efficiently. We then investigate whether this approach can achieve a speed-up for optimization problems that lack an algebraic structure but have sparse clauses. These problems reduce to decoding low-density parity-check codes, for which powerful decoders are known2,3. To test this, we construct a max-XORSAT instance for which DQI finds an approximate optimum substantially faster than general-purpose classical heuristics, such as simulated annealing. Although a tailored classical solver can outperform DQI on this instance, our results establish that combining quantum Fourier transforms with powerful decoding primitives provides a promising new path towards quantum speed-ups for hard optimization problems. Decoded quantum interferometry is a quantum algorithm that uses the quantum Fourier transform to reduce optimization problems to decoding problems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jordan, Stephen P. and Shutty, Noah and Wootters, Mary and Zalcman, Adam and Schmidhuber, Alexander and King, Robbie and Isakov, Sergei V. and Khattar, Tanuj and Babbush, Ryan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09527-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {831-836}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Optimization by decoded quantum interferometry}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodicity. NATURE, 646(8086), 825-830. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The dynamics of quantum many-body systems is characterized by quantum observables that are reconstructed from correlation functions at separate points in space and time1–3. In dynamics with fast entanglement generation, however, quantum observables generally become insensitive to the details of the underlying dynamics at long times due to the effects of scrambling. To circumvent this limitation and enable access to relevant dynamics in experimental systems, repeated time-reversal protocols have been successfully implemented4. Here we experimentally measure the second-order out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC(2))5–18 on a superconducting quantum processor and find that they remain sensitive to the underlying dynamics at long timescales. Furthermore, OTOC(2) manifests quantum correlations in a highly entangled quantum many-body system that are inaccessible without time-reversal techniques. This is demonstrated through an experimental protocol that randomizes the phases of Pauli strings in the Heisenberg picture by inserting Pauli operators during quantum evolution. The measured values of OTOC(2) are substantially changed by the protocol, thereby revealing constructive interference between Pauli strings that form large loops in the configuration space. The observed interference mechanism also endows OTOC(2) with high degrees of classical simulation complexity. These results, combined with the capability of OTOC(2) in unravelling useful details of quantum dynamics, as shown through an example of Hamiltonian learning, indicate a viable path to practical quantum advantage. Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09526-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {825-830}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodicity}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Joint neutrino oscillation analysis from the T2K and NOvA experiments. NATURE, 646(8086), 818-824. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The landmark discovery that neutrinos have mass and can change type (or flavour) as they propagate—a process called neutrino oscillation1–6—has opened up a rich array of theoretical and experimental questions being actively pursued today. Neutrino oscillation remains the most powerful experimental tool for addressing many of these questions, including whether neutrinos violate charge-parity (CP) symmetry, which has possible connections to the unexplained preponderance of matter over antimatter in the Universe7–11. Oscillation measurements also probe the mass-squared differences between the different neutrino mass states (Δm2), whether there are two light states and a heavier one (normal ordering) or vice versa (inverted ordering), and the structure of neutrino mass and flavour mixing12. Here we carry out the first joint analysis of datasets from NOvA13 and T2K14, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments (hundreds of kilometres of neutrino travel distance), taking advantage of our complementary experimental designs and setting new constraints on several neutrino sector parameters. This analysis provides new precision on the $$\Delta {m}_{32}^{2}$$ mass difference, finding $$2.4{3}_{-0.03}^{+0.04}\times 1{0}^{-3}\,{{\rm{eV}}}^{2}$$ in the normal ordering and $$-2.4{8}_{-0.04}^{+0.03}\times 1{0}^{-3}\,{{\rm{eV}}}^{2}$$ in the inverted ordering, as well as a 3σ interval on δCP of [−1.38π, 0.30π] in the normal ordering and [−0.92π, −0.04π] in the inverted ordering. The data show no strong preference for either mass ordering, but notably, if inverted ordering were assumed true within the three-flavour mixing model, then our results would provide evidence of CP symmetry violation in the lepton sector. The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09599-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {818-824}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Joint neutrino oscillation analysis from the T2K and NOvA experiments}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Classical theories of gravity produce entanglement. NATURE, 646(8086), 813-817. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The unification of gravity and quantum mechanics remains one of the most profound open questions in science. With recent advances in quantum technology, an experimental idea first proposed by Richard Feynman1 is now regarded as a promising route to testing this unification for the first time. The experiment involves placing a massive object in a quantum superposition of two locations and letting it gravitationally interact with another mass. If the two objects subsequently become entangled, this is considered unambiguous evidence that gravity obeys the laws of quantum mechanics. This conclusion derives from theorems that treat a classical gravitational interaction as a local interaction capable of transmitting only classical, not quantum, information2–8. Here we extend the description of matter used in these theorems to the full framework of quantum field theory, finding that theories with classical gravity can then transmit quantum information and, thus, generate entanglement through physical, local processes. The effect scales differently to that predicted by theories of quantum gravity, and so it gives information on the parameters and form of the experiment required to robustly provide evidence for the quantum nature of gravity. By applying the full framework of quantum field theory, it is shown that local classical theories of gravity can transmit quantum information and, thus, generate entanglement through physical, local processes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aziz, Joseph and Howl, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09595-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {813-817}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Classical theories of gravity produce entanglement}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a tick-borne virus enters human cells. NATURE, 646(8086), 811-812. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tick-borne encephalitis virus can infect the nervous system and cause life-threatening illness. Finding the cellular gateway it uses could transform prevention and treatment. Tick-borne encephalitis virus can infect the nervous system and cause life-threatening illness. Finding the cellular gateway it uses could transform prevention and treatment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ooi, Yaw Shin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02593-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {811-812}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a tick-borne virus enters human cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is there a ‘smoking gun’ test for quantum gravity?. NATURE, 646(8086), 809-811. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum-entanglement experiments have been proposed as a way to test whether gravity is quantum, but getting definitive proof might be harder than previously thought. Quantum-entanglement experiments have been proposed as a way to test whether gravity is quantum, but getting definitive proof might be harder than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Weller-Davies, Zachary}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03132-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {809-811}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is there a ‘smoking gun’ test for quantum gravity?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Boosting immune cells to combat cancer using CRISPR engineering and large-scale in vivo testing. NATURE, 646(8086), 808-809. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune cells can target cancer in the clinic. The ability to test a gene-editing technology in mice on a large scale should improve such immunotherapies. Immune cells can target cancer in the clinic. The ability to test a gene-editing technology in mice on a large scale should improve such immunotherapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hudecek, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02595-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {808-809}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Boosting immune cells to combat cancer using CRISPR engineering and large-scale in vivo testing}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Copper-free chips generate robust ‘combs’ of multicoloured light. NATURE, 646(8086), 806-807. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A stable ‘frequency comb’ of photons with discrete colours has been generated on a microscale chip by removing copper contaminants from the circuit. A stable ‘frequency comb’ of photons with discrete colours has been generated on a microscale chip by removing copper contaminants from the circuit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ghulinyan, Mher and Bernard, Martino}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03130-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {806-807}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Copper-free chips generate robust ‘combs’ of multicoloured light}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clues to why the weight-loss condition cachexia arises when cancer occurs. NATURE, 646(8086), 805-806. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analyses of RNA expression reveal molecules underpinning the cancer-associated process of skeletal-muscle wasting, a condition called cachexia. Analyses of RNA expression reveal molecules underpinning the cancer-associated process of skeletal-muscle wasting, a condition called cachexia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haase, Kerstin and Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02594-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {805-806}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clues to why the weight-loss condition cachexia arises when cancer occurs}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brazil must beef up its COP30 scheme to preserve tropical forests. NATURE, 646(8086), 804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Langston, James D. and Mendham, Daniel S. and Abdurrahim, Ali Yansyah and Supriatna, Jatna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03428-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brazil must beef up its COP30 scheme to preserve tropical forests}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The race for deep-sea minerals could cause geopolitical and ecological harm. NATURE, 646(8086), 804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haghani, Milad and Rajabifard, Abbas and Wiedmann, Thomas and Hensher, David A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03429-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The race for deep-sea minerals could cause geopolitical and ecological harm}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Take the time to ensure that AI is safe. NATURE, 646(8086), 804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Illingworth, Sam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03430-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Take the time to ensure that AI is safe}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetics can give evolving societies a leg up. NATURE, 646(8086), 804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Doig, Andrew J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03431-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetics can give evolving societies a leg up}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why simply ending animal testing isn’t the answer in biomedical research. NATURE, 646(8086), 802-803. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animal models provide insights that alternative approaches can’t. A heated debate about which method is better is distracting researchers from doing good science. Animal models provide insights that alternative approaches can’t. A heated debate about which method is better is distracting researchers from doing good science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lloyd, K. C. Kent}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03345-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {802-803}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why simply ending animal testing isn’t the answer in biomedical research}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Alternatives to animal testing are the future — It’s time that journals, funders and scientists embrace them. NATURE, 646(8086), 799-801. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biomedical research techniques that don’t involve the use of animals are gaining momentum, but those using innovative approaches still face resistance from some quarters. Biomedical research techniques that don’t involve the use of animals are gaining momentum, but those using innovative approaches still face resistance from some quarters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Herron, Todd J. and Brüning-Richardson, Anke and Gough, Julie E. and Miller , Aline F. and Pilkington, Geoffrey J. and Greenman, John and Speirs , Valerie and Wu, Joseph C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03344-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {799-801}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Alternatives to animal testing are the future — It’s time that journals, funders and scientists embrace them}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mark norell obituary: Palaeontologist who showed that dinosaurs still walk among us — As birds. NATURE, 646(8086), 797. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Through fieldwork and innovative research, he transformed how scientists and the public perceive the prehistoric world. Through fieldwork and innovative research, he transformed how scientists and the public perceive the prehistoric world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Novacek, Michael J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03322-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {797}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mark norell obituary: Palaeontologist who showed that dinosaurs still walk among us — As birds}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why we still don’t understand the universe — Even after a century of dispute. NATURE, 646(8086), 795-796. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite huge breakthroughs, astronomers still can’t agree on what the cosmos is made of, much less how it came to be. A fresh account delves into the reasons. Despite huge breakthroughs, astronomers still can’t agree on what the cosmos is made of, much less how it came to be. A fresh account delves into the reasons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kragh, Helge}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03343-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {795-796}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why we still don’t understand the universe — Even after a century of dispute}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to spot fake scientists and stop them from publishing papers. NATURE, 646(8086), 792-794. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Journals are considering doing identity checks to expose fake authors — but there are downsides. Journals are considering doing identity checks to expose fake authors — but there are downsides.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03341-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {792-794}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to spot fake scientists and stop them from publishing papers}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Universities are embracing AI: Will students get smarter or stop thinking?. NATURE, 646(8086), 788-791. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Millions of students arriving at campuses are now using artificial intelligence. Worries abound. Millions of students arriving at campuses are now using artificial intelligence. Worries abound.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03340-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {788-791}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Universities are embracing AI: Will students get smarter or stop thinking?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI bots wrote and reviewed all papers at this conference. NATURE, 646(8086), 786. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Event will assess how reviews by models compare with those written by humans. Event will assess how reviews by models compare with those written by humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03363-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {786}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI bots wrote and reviewed all papers at this conference}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). More than 30% of this century’s science nobel prizewinners immigrated: See their journeys. NATURE, 646(8086), 784-785. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The most common destination for eventual Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and medicine since 2000 is the United States, Nature has found. The most common destination for eventual Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and medicine since 2000 is the United States, Nature has found.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03247-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {784-785}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {More than 30% of this century’s science nobel prizewinners immigrated: See their journeys}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First proposed blood test for chronic fatigue syndrome: What scientists think. NATURE, 646(8086), 783. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A blood test has achieved 96% accuracy in diagnosing the condition in a small study of individuals. What does the test detect, and is it a biomarker of the condition? A blood test has achieved 96% accuracy in diagnosing the condition in a small study of individuals. What does the test detect, and is it a biomarker of the condition?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adam, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03299-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {783}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First proposed blood test for chronic fatigue syndrome: What scientists think}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Economics nobel prize won by researchers who showed how science boosts growth. NATURE, 646(8086), 782-783. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt share economics prize for work that underlines the importance of investing in research and development. Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt share economics prize for work that underlines the importance of investing in research and development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ball, Philip}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03364-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {782-783}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Economics nobel prize won by researchers who showed how science boosts growth}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global health is in crisis — Who will step in to fix it?. NATURE, 646(8086), 780-781. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The United States and Europe have cut billions of dollars in health aid. Can anyone fill the gap? The United States and Europe have cut billions of dollars in health aid. Can anyone fill the gap?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schwaller, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03384-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {780-781}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global health is in crisis — Who will step in to fix it?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mysterious cosmic ‘dots’ are baffling astronomers. what are they?. NATURE, 646(8086), 779-780. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A consensus is emerging that the dots, sometimes called rubies, are an entirely new type of object in the Universe. A consensus is emerging that the dots, sometimes called rubies, are an entirely new type of object in the Universe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03352-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {779-780}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mysterious cosmic ‘dots’ are baffling astronomers. what are they?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). European bats capture migrating birds and eat them on the wing. NATURE, 646(8086), 778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recordings of chewing sounds combined with altitude data bear evidence of a gruesome night-time feast. Recordings of chewing sounds combined with altitude data bear evidence of a gruesome night-time feast.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03282-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {European bats capture migrating birds and eat them on the wing}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Andean peoples hunted and gathered long after they embraced farming. NATURE, 646(8086), 778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Remote-sensing data reveal hunting corrals that were used well into the eighteenth century. Remote-sensing data reveal hunting corrals that were used well into the eighteenth century.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03283-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Andean peoples hunted and gathered long after they embraced farming}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gigantic black holes did not have starring role in early cosmic transition. NATURE, 646(8086), 778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stars in young galaxies must have been responsible for stripping most intergalactic gas of its electrons. Stars in young galaxies must have been responsible for stripping most intergalactic gas of its electrons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03302-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gigantic black holes did not have starring role in early cosmic transition}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Wastewater treatment produces surprising amounts of greenhouse gases. NATURE, 646(8086), 778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Emissions from the process could balloon unless efforts are made to mitigate them. Emissions from the process could balloon unless efforts are made to mitigate them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03303-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Wastewater treatment produces surprising amounts of greenhouse gases}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The TrumpRx website won’t slash drug prices — But this will. NATURE, 646(8086), 777. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tighter price regulation would deliver fewer new drugs but improve global health. Tighter price regulation would deliver fewer new drugs but improve global health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Woods, Beth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03397-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {777}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The TrumpRx website won’t slash drug prices — But this will}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What makes PhD students happy? good supervision. NATURE, 646(8086), 775. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Supervisors who invest in positive mentoring relationships with their PhD candidates also reap the benefits for their own research. Supervisors who invest in positive mentoring relationships with their PhD candidates also reap the benefits for their own research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03416-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8086}, pages = {775}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What makes PhD students happy? good supervision}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Defending ohuira bay, mexico. NATURE, 646(8085), 768. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Melina Maldonado Sandoval, a member of the Mayo-Yoreme Indigenous community, assists researchers in studying the risks of petrochemical manufacturing in the Sinaloa region. Melina Maldonado Sandoval, a member of the Mayo-Yoreme Indigenous community, assists researchers in studying the risks of petrochemical manufacturing in the Sinaloa region.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pells, Rachael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03315-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {768}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Defending ohuira bay, mexico}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Digital flocks, predators allow ecologists to simulate real-world animal behaviour. NATURE, 646(8085), 763-765. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Digital twins’ of real-world objects are moving from manufacturing to wildlife management. ‘Digital twins’ of real-world objects are moving from manufacturing to wildlife management.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Richardson, Heather}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03314-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {763-765}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Digital flocks, predators allow ecologists to simulate real-world animal behaviour}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Research assessment: A round-up for early-career researchers. NATURE, 646(8085), 759-762. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Confused by research evaluation and its potential impact on career progression? Here are some pointers as to how things work in different parts of the world. Confused by research evaluation and its potential impact on career progression? Here are some pointers as to how things work in different parts of the world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Else, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02498-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {759-762}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Research assessment: A round-up for early-career researchers}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1. NATURE, 646(8085), 754-758. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is the primary target of the partial agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the psychoactive constituent of marijuana1. Here we report two agonist-bound crystal structures of human CB1 in complex with a tetrahydrocannabinol (AM11542) and a hexahydrocannabinol (AM841). The two CB1–agonist complexes reveal important conformational changes in the overall structure relative to the antagonist-bound state2, including a 53% reduction in the volume of the ligand-binding pocket and an increase in the surface area of the G protein-binding region. Furthermore, a twin toggle switch of Phe2003.36 and Trp3566.48 (where the superscripts denote Ballesteros–Weinstein numbering3) is experimentally observed and seems to be essential for receptor activation. The structures reveal important insights into the activation mechanism of CB1 and provide a molecular basis for predicting the binding modes of Δ9-THC, and endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids. The plasticity of the binding pocket of CB1 seems to be a common feature among certain class A G protein-coupled receptors. These findings should inspire the design of chemically diverse ligands with distinct pharmacological properties. Crystal structures of human CB1 bound to two cannabinoid agonists reveal key features, including a twin toggle switch and binding pocket reduction, advancing understanding of receptor dynamics and guiding cannabinoid drug design.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hua, Tian and Vemuri, Kiran and Nikas, Spyros P. and Wu, Yiran and Qu, Lu and Pu, Mengchen and Korde, Anisha and Jiang, Shan and Ho, Jo-Hao and Han, Gye Won and Ding, Kang and Li, Xuanxuan and Liu, Haiguang and Hanson, Michael A. and Zhao, Suwen and Bohn, Laura M. and Makriyannis, Alexandros and Stevens, Raymond C. and Liu, Zhi-Jie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09454-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {754-758}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cocaine chemogenetics blunts drug-seeking by synthetic physiology. NATURE, 646(8085), 746-753. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chemical feedback is ubiquitous in physiology but is challenging to study without perturbing basal functions. One example is addictive drugs, which elicit a positive-feedback cycle of drug-seeking and ingestion by acting on the brain to increase dopamine signalling1–3. However, interfering with this process by altering basal dopamine also adversely affects learning, movement, attention and wakefulness4. Here, inspired by physiological control systems, we developed a highly selective synthetic physiology approach to interfere with the positive-feedback cycle of addiction by installing a cocaine-dependent opposing signalling process into this body–brain signalling loop. We used protein engineering to create cocaine-gated ion channels that are selective for cocaine over other drugs and endogenous molecules. Expression of an excitatory cocaine-gated channel in the rat lateral habenula, a brain region that is normally inhibited by cocaine, suppressed cocaine self-administration without affecting food motivation. This artificial cocaine-activated chemogenetic process reduced the cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine rise in the nucleus accumbens. Our results show that cocaine chemogenetics is a selective approach for countering drug reinforcement by clamping dopamine release in the presence of cocaine. In the future, chemogenetic receptors could be developed for additional addictive drugs or hormones and metabolites, which would facilitate efforts to probe their neural circuit mechanisms using a synthetic physiology approach. As these chemogenetic ion channels are specific for cocaine over natural rewards, they may also offer a route towards gene therapies for cocaine addiction. Cocaine chemogenetics in rats is a selective approach for countering drug reinforcement by clamping dopamine release in the presence of cocaine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gomez, Juan L. and Magnus, Christopher J. and Bonaventura, Jordi and Solis, Oscar and Curry, Fallon P. and Levinstein, Marjorie R. and Budinich, Reece C. and Carlton, Meghan L. and Ventriglia, Emilya N. and Lam, Sherry and Wang, Le and Schoenborn, Ingrid and Dunne, William and Michaelides, Michael and Sternson, Scott M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09427-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {746-753}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cocaine chemogenetics blunts drug-seeking by synthetic physiology}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting G1–S-checkpoint-compromised cancers with cyclin A/B RxL inhibitors. NATURE, 646(8085), 734-745. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) contain near-universal loss-of-function mutations in RB1 and TP53, compromising the G1–S checkpoint and leading to dysregulated E2F activity1. Other cancers similarly disrupt the G1–S checkpoint through loss of CDKN2A or amplification of cyclin D or cyclin E, also resulting in excessive E2F activity2,3. Although E2F activation is essential for cell cycle progression, hyperactivation promotes apoptosis4–9, presenting a therapeutic vulnerability. Cyclin proteins use a conserved hydrophobic patch to bind to substrates bearing short linear RxL motifs10–13. Cyclin A represses E2F through an RxL-dependent interaction10,14, which, when disrupted, hyperactivates E2F15. However, this substrate interface has remained difficult to target. Here we developed cell-permeable, orally bioavailable macrocyclic peptides that inhibit RxL-mediated interactions of cyclins with their substrates. Dual inhibitors of cyclin A and cyclin B RxL motifs (cyclin A/Bi) selectively kill SCLC cells and other cancer cells with high E2F activity. Genetic screens revealed that cyclin A/Bi induces apoptosis through cyclin B- and CDK2-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint activation. Mechanistically, cyclin A/Bi hyperactivates E2F and cyclin B by blocking cyclin A–E2F and cyclin B–MYT1 RxL interactions. Notably, cyclin A/Bi promoted the formation of neomorphic cyclin B–CDK2 complexes, which drive spindle assembly checkpoint activation and mitotic cell death. Finally, orally administered cyclin A/Bi showed robust anti-tumour activity in chemotherapy-resistant SCLC patient-derived xenografts. These findings reveal gain-of-function mechanisms through which cyclin A/Bi triggers apoptosis and support their development for E2F-driven cancers. Dual cyclin A/B RxL inhibitors selectively kill small cell lung cancer cells and other cancer cells with high E2F activity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh, Shilpa and Gleason, Catherine E. and Fang, Min and Laimon, Yasmin N. and Khivansara, Vishal and Xie, Shanhai and Durmaz, Yavuz T. and Sarkar, Aniruddha and Ngo, Kenneth and Savla, Varunika and Li, Yixiang and Abu-Remaileh, Muhannad and Li, Xinyue and Locquet, Marie-Anais and Tuladhar, Bishma and Odeh, Ranya and Hamkins-Indik, Frances and He, Daphne and Membreno, Miles W. and Nosrati, Meisam and Gushwa, Nathan N. and Leung, Siegfried S. F. and Fraga-Walton, Breena and Hernandez, Luis and Baldomero, Miguel P. and Lent, Bryan M. and Spellmeyer, David and Luna, Joshua F. and Hoang, Dalena and Gritsenko, Yuliana and Chand, Manesh and DeMart, Megan K. and Metobo, Sammy and Bhatt, Chinmay and Shapiro, Justin A. and Yang, Kai and Dupper, Nathan J. and Bockus, Andrew T. and Fang, Jinshu and Bambal, Ramesh and Cremin, Peadar and Doench, John G. and Aggen, James B. and Liu, Li-Fen and Levin, Bernard and Wang, Evelyn W. and Vendrell, Iolanda and Fischer, Roman and Kessler, Benedikt and Gokhale, Prafulla C. and Signoretti, Sabina and Spektor, Alexander and Kreatsoulas, Constantine and Evangelista, Marie and Singh, Rajinder and Earp, David J. and Nijhawan, Deepak and Garcia, Pablo D. and Oser, Matthew G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09433-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {734-745}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting G1–S-checkpoint-compromised cancers with cyclin A/B RxL inhibitors}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thymic epithelial cells amplify epigenetic noise to promote immune tolerance. NATURE, 646(8085), 724-733. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cellular plasticity is a principal feature of vertebrate adaptation, tissue repair and tumorigenesis1,2. However, the mechanisms that regulate the stability of somatic cell fates remain unclear. Here, we use the somatic plasticity of thymic epithelial cells, which facilitates the selection of a self-discriminating T cell repertoire3, as a physiological model system to show that fluctuations in background chromatin accessibility in nucleosome-dense regions are amplified during thymic epithelial maturation for the ectopic expression of genes restricted to other specialized cell types. This chromatin destabilization was not dependent on AIRE-induced transcription but was preceded by repression of the tumour suppressor p53. Augmenting p53 activity indirectly stabilized chromatin, inhibited ectopic transcription, limited cellular plasticity and caused multi-organ autoimmunity. Genomic regions with heightened chromatin accessibility noise were selectively enriched for nucleosome-destabilizing polymeric AT tracts and were associated with elevated baseline DNA damage and transcriptional initiation. Taken together, our findings define molecular levers that modulate cell fate integrity and are used by thymic epithelial cells for immunological tolerance. The activity of the tumour-suppressor protein p53 is repressed in the thymus to augment fluctuations in background chromatin accessibility as a means of mediating ectopic gene expression and immune tolerance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gamble, Noah and Caldwell, Jason A. and McKeever, Joshua and Kaiser, Caroline and Bradu, Alexandra and Dooley, Peyton J. and Klemm, Sandy and Greenleaf, William J. and Hibino, Narutoshi and Dinner, Aaron R. and Koh, Andrew S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09424-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {724-733}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thymic epithelial cells amplify epigenetic noise to promote immune tolerance}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The virtual lab of AI agents designs new SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies. NATURE, 646(8085), 716-723. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Science frequently benefits from teams of interdisciplinary researchers1–3, but many scientists do not have easy access to experts from multiple fields4,5. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown an impressive ability to aid researchers across diverse domains, their uses have been largely limited to answering specific scientific questions rather than performing open-ended research6–11. Here we expand the capabilities of LLMs for science by introducing the Virtual Lab, an artificial intelligence (AI)–human research collaboration to perform sophisticated, interdisciplinary science research. The Virtual Lab consists of an LLM Principal Investigator agent guiding a team of LLM scientist agents through a series of research meetings, with a human researcher providing high-level feedback. We applied the Virtual Lab to design nanobody binders to recent variants of SARS-CoV-2. The Virtual Lab created a novel computational nanobody design pipeline that incorporates the protein language model ESM, the protein folding model AlphaFold-Multimer and the computational biology software Rosetta and designed 92 new nanobodies. Experimental validation reveals a range of functional nanobodies with promising binding profiles across SARS-CoV-2 variants. In particular, two new nanobodies exhibit improved binding to the recent JN.1 or KP.3 variants12,13 while maintaining strong binding to the ancestral viral spike protein, suggesting that these are suitable candidates for further investigation. This work demonstrates how the Virtual Lab can rapidly make an impactful, real-world scientific discovery. Human collaboration with a team of artificial intelligence (AI) agents powered by large language models was used to efficiently design a complex interdisciplinary research project leading to the design of novel nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Swanson, Kyle and Wu, Wesley and Bulaong, Nash L. and Pak, John E. and Zou, James}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09442-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {716-723}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The virtual lab of AI agents designs new SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reprogramming neuroblastoma by diet-enhanced polyamine depletion. NATURE, 646(8085), 707-715. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuroblastoma is a highly lethal childhood tumour derived from differentiation-arrested neural crest cells1,2. Like all cancers, its growth is fuelled by metabolites obtained from either circulation or local biosynthesis3,4. Neuroblastomas depend on local polyamine biosynthesis, and the inhibitor difluoromethylornithine has shown clinical activity5. Here we show that such inhibition can be augmented by dietary restriction of upstream amino acid substrates, leading to disruption of oncogenic protein translation, tumour differentiation and profound survival gains in the Th-MYCN mouse model. Specifically, an arginine- and proline-free diet decreases the amount of the polyamine precursor ornithine and enhances tumour polyamine depletion by difluoromethylornithine. This polyamine depletion causes ribosome stalling, unexpectedly specifically at codons with adenosine in the third position. Such codons are selectively enriched in cell cycle genes and low in neuronal differentiation genes. Thus, impaired translation of these codons, induced by combined dietary and pharmacological intervention, favours a pro-differentiation proteome. These results suggest that the genes of specific cellular programmes have evolved hallmark codon usage preferences that enable coherent translational rewiring in response to metabolic stresses, and that this process can be targeted to activate differentiation of paediatric cancers. Enhanced polyamine depletion in neuroblastoma models decreases translation of mRNA codons with adenosine in the third position, reprogramming the tumour proteome away from cell cycle progression and towards differentiation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cherkaoui, Sarah and Turn, Christina S. and Yuan, Yuan and Lu, Wenyun and Yang, Lifeng and McBride, Matthew J. and Eigenmann, Caroline and Allen, George E. and Panasenko, Olesya O. and Zhang, Lu and Vu, Annette and Liu, Kangning and Li, Yimei and Gandhi, Om H. and Surrey, Lea F. and Kienast, Sandra D. and Leidel, Sebastian A. and Wierer, Michael and White, Eileen and Rabinowitz, Joshua D. and Hogarty, Michael D. and Morscher, Raphael J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09564-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {707-715}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reprogramming neuroblastoma by diet-enhanced polyamine depletion}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Amygdala–liver signalling orchestrates glycaemic responses to stress. NATURE, 646(8085), 697-706. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Behavioural adaptations to environmental threats are crucial for survival1,2 and necessitate rapid deployment of energy reserves3–5. The amygdala coordinates behavioural adaptations to threats6, but little is known about its involvement in underpinning metabolic adaptations. Here we show that acute stress activates medial amygdala (MeA) neurons that innervate the ventromedial hypothalamus (MeAVMH neurons), which precipitates hyperglycaemia and hypophagia. The glycaemic actions of MeAVMH neurons occur independently of adrenal or pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones. Using whole-body virus tracing, we identify a polysynaptic connection from MeA to the liver that promotes the rapid synthesis of glucose by hepatic gluconeogenesis. Repeated stress exposure disrupts MeA control of blood glucose, resulting in diabetes-like dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Our findings reveal an amygdala–liver axis that regulates rapid glycaemic adaptations to stress and links recurrent stress to metabolic dysfunction. Studies in mice show that acute stress activates hyperglycaemia via activation of a medial amygdala–ventral hypothalamic circuit that controls glucose metabolic responses in the liver, independently of adrenal and pancreatic hormones.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Carty, J. R. E. and Devarakonda, K. and O’Connor, R. M. and Krek, A. and Espinoza, D. and Jimenez-Gonzalez, M. and Alvarsson, A. and Hampton, R. F. and Li, R. and Qiu, Y. and Petri, S. and Shtekler, A. and Rajbhandari, A. and Conner, K. and Bayne, M. and Garibay, D. and Martin, J. and Lehmann, V. and Wang, L. and Beaumont, K. and Kurland, I. and Yuan, G. C. and Kenny, P. J. and Stanley, S. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09420-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {697-706}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Amygdala–liver signalling orchestrates glycaemic responses to stress}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Haematopoietic stem cell number is not solely defined by niche availability. NATURE, 646(8085), 687-696. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized microenvironments, referred to as niches, and the classical model suggests that HSC numbers are predominantly determined by the niche size1–5. However, the vast excess of niche cells relative to HSCs challenges this perspective. To rigorously define the role of niche size in regulating HSC numbers, we developed a femur-transplantation system, enabling us to increase available HSC niches. Notably, the addition of niches did not alter the total HSC numbers in the body, suggesting the presence of a systemic mechanism that limits HSC numbers. Additionally, HSC numbers in transplanted wild-type femurs did not exceed physiological levels when HSCs were mobilized from defective endogenous niches to the periphery, indicating that HSC numbers are constrained at the local level as well. The notion of dual restrictions at systemic and local levels was further supported by other experimental approaches, including parabiosis and non-conditioned transfer of HSCs after bone transplantation. Moreover, we found that thrombopoietin has a pivotal role in determining the total number of HSCs in the body, even in the context of increased niche availability. Our study redefines key principles underlying HSC number regulation, providing insights into this critical biological process. Haematopoietic stem cell numbers are restricted at both systemic and local levels.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Takeishi, Shoichiro and Marchand, Tony and Koba, Wade R. and Borger, Daniel K. and Xu, Chunliang and Guha, Chandan and Bergman, Aviv and Frenette, Paul S. and Gritsman, Kira and Steidl, Ulrich}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09462-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {687-696}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Haematopoietic stem cell number is not solely defined by niche availability}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microglia regulate GABAergic neurogenesis in prenatal human brain through IGF1. NATURE, 646(8085), 676-686. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {GABAergic neurons are essential cellular components of neural circuits. Their abundance and diversity have increased significantly in the human brain, contributing to the expanded cognitive capacity of humans1. However, the developmental mechanism underlying the extended production of GABAergic neurons in the human brain remains elusive. Here we uncovered the microglial regulation of the sustained proliferation of GABAergic progenitors and neuroblasts in the human medial ganglionic eminence (hMGE). We showed that microglia are preferentially distributed in the proliferating zone and identified insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its receptor IGR1R as the predicted top ligand–receptor pair underlying microglia–progenitor communication in the prenatal hMGE. Using our newly developed neuroimmune hMGE organoids, which mimic the hMGE cytoarchitecture and developmental trajectory, we demonstrated that microglia-derived IGF1 promotes progenitor proliferation and production of GABAergic neurons. Conversely, IGF1-neutralizing antibodies and IGF1 knockout human embryonic stem-cell-induced microglia abolish the induced microglia-mediated progenitor proliferation. Together, these findings revealed a previously unappreciated role of microglia-derived IGF1 in promoting the proliferation of neural progenitors and the development of GABAergic neurons in the human brain. Microglia-derived IGF1 promotes the proliferation of GABAergic progenitors and neuroblasts in the human medial ganglionic eminence, contributing to the extended production of GABAergic neurons and an expanded cognitive capacity in the human brain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yu, Diankun and Jain, Samhita and Wangzhou, Andi and Zhu, Beika and Shao, Wenyuan and Coley-O’Rourke, Elena J. and De Florencio, Stacy and Kim, JaeYeon and Choi, Jennifer Ja-Yoon and Paredes, Mercedes F. and Nowakowski, Tomasz J. and Huang, Eric J. and Piao, Xianhua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09362-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {676-686}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microglia regulate GABAergic neurogenesis in prenatal human brain through IGF1}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Network synchrony creates neural filters promoting quiescence in drosophila. NATURE, 646(8085), 667-675. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animals require undisturbed periods of rest during which they undergo recuperative processes1. However, it is unclear how brain states arise that are able to dissociate an animal from its external world, enabling quiescent behaviours, while retaining vigilance to salient sensory cues2. Here we describe a neural mechanism in Drosophila that creates neural filters that engender a brain state that enables quiescent behaviour by generating coherent slow-wave activity (SWA)3 between sleep-need4 (R5)- and locomotion-promoting neural networks5. The coherence of SWA is subject to circadian and homeostatic control and can be modulated by sensory experience. Mimicry of coherent SWA reveals that R5 oscillations reduce responsiveness to visual stimuli by rhythmically associating neural activity of locomotion-promoting cells, effectively overruling their output. These networks can regulate behavioural responsiveness by providing antagonistic inputs to downstream head-direction cells6,7. Thus, coherent oscillations provide the mechanistic basis for a neural filter by temporally associating opposing signals, resulting in reduced functional connectivity between locomotion-gating and navigational networks. We propose that the temporal pattern of SWA provides the structure to create a ‘breakable’ filter, permitting the animal to enter a quiescent state, while providing the architecture for strong or salient stimuli to ‘break’ the neural interaction, consequently allowing the animal to react. In Drosophila, coherent slow-wave activity between sleep-promoting and locomotion-promoting neural networks provides a brain state structure that allows for quiescent behaviours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Raccuglia, Davide and Suárez-Grimalt, Raquel and Krumm, Laura and Ender, Anatoli and Brodersen, Cédric B. and Jagannathan, Sridhar R. and Freire Krück, Martin and Pampaloni, Niccolò P. and Rauch, Carolin and Winter, York and Yvon-Durocher, Genevieve and Kempter, Richard and Geiger, Jörg R. P. and Owald, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09376-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {667-675}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Network synchrony creates neural filters promoting quiescence in drosophila}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brain. NATURE, 646(8085), 657-666. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Over time, cells in the brain and in the body accumulate damage, which contributes to the ageing process1. In the human brain, the prefrontal cortex undergoes age-related changes that can affect cognitive functioning later in life2. Here, using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) and spatial transcriptomics, we identify gene-expression and genomic changes in the human prefrontal cortex across lifespan, from infancy to centenarian. snRNA-seq identified infant-specific cell clusters enriched for the expression of neurodevelopmental genes, as well as an age-associated common downregulation of cell-essential homeostatic genes that function in ribosomes, transport and metabolism across cell types. Conversely, the expression of neuron-specific genes generally remains stable throughout life. These findings were validated with spatial transcriptomics. scWGS identified two age-associated mutational signatures that correlate with gene transcription and gene repression, respectively, and revealed gene length- and expression-level-dependent rates of somatic mutation in neurons that correlate with the transcriptomic landscape of the aged human brain. Our results provide insight into crucial aspects of human brain development and ageing, and shed light on transcriptomic and genomic dynamics. Sequencing analyses of human prefrontal cortex from donors ranging in age from 0.4 to 104 years show that ageing correlates with an accumulation of somatic mutations in short housekeeping genes and a reduction in the expression of these genes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jeffries, Ailsa M. and Yu, Tianxiong and Ziegenfuss, Jennifer S. and Tolles, Allie K. and Baer, Christina E. and Sotelo, Cesar Bautista and Kim, Yerin and Weng, Zhiping and Lodato, Michael A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09435-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {657-666}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Single-cell transcriptomic and genomic changes in the ageing human brain}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Parent-of-origin effects on complex traits in up to 236,781 individuals. NATURE, 646(8085), 647-656. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Parent-of-origin effects (POEs) occur when the effect of a genetic variant depends on its parental origin1. Traditionally linked to genomic imprinting, POEs are believed to occur due to parental conflict over resource allocation to offspring, resulting in opposing parental influences2. Despite their importance, POEs remain underexplored in complex traits, owing to the lack of parental genomes. Here we present an approach to infer the parent of origin of alleles without parental genomes, leveraging interchromosomal phasing, mitochondrial and X chromosome data, and sex-specific crossover in siblings. Applied to the UK Biobank, this enabled parent-of-origin inference for up to 109,385 individuals. Genome-wide association study scans for 59 complex traits and over 14,000 protein quantitative trait loci contrasting maternal and paternal effects identified over 30 POEs and confirmed more than 50% of known associations. More than one third of these showed opposite parental influences, especially for traits related to growth (for example, IGF1 and height) and metabolism (for example, type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels). Replication in up to 85,050 individuals from the Estonian Biobank and 42,346 offspring from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) validated 87% of testable associations. Overall, our findings highlight the contribution of POEs to complex traits and support the parental conflict hypothesis, providing compelling evidence for this understudied evolutionary phenomenon. A novel multistep strategy reveals how parent-of-origin effects shape complex traits in large-scale biobanks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hofmeister, Robin J. and Cavinato, Théo and Karimi, Roya and van der Graaf, Adriaan and Pajuste, Fanny-Dhelia and Kronberg, Jaanika and Taba, Nele and Mägi, Reedik and Vaudel, Marc and Rubinacci, Simone and Johansson, Stefan and Milani, Lili and Delaneau, Olivier and Kutalik, Zoltán}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09357-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {647-656}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Parent-of-origin effects on complex traits in up to 236,781 individuals}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Divergent evolutionary strategies pre-empt tissue collision in gastrulation. NATURE, 646(8085), 637-646. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metazoan development proceeds through a series of morphogenetic events that sculpt body plans and organ structures1,2. In the early embryo, these processes occur concurrently such that forces generated in neighbouring tissues can impose mechanical stresses on each other3–5, potentially disrupting development and consequently decreasing fitness. How organisms evolved mechanisms to mitigate inter-tissue mechanical conflicts remains unclear. Here, we combined phylogenetic survey, quantitative live imaging and functional mechanical perturbation to investigate mechanical stress management during gastrulation across the insect order of flies (Diptera). We identify two distinct cellular mechanisms that prevent tissue collision between the expanding head and trunk. In Cyclorrhapha, a monophyletic subgroup including Drosophila melanogaster, active out-of-plane deformation of a transient epithelial fold, called the cephalic furrow, acts as a mechanical sink to pre-empt head–trunk collision. Genetic and optogenetic ablation of the cephalic furrow leads to accumulation of compressive stress, tissue buckling at the head–trunk boundary and late-stage embryonic defects in the head and nervous system. By contrast, the non-cyclorrhaphan Chironomus riparius lacks cephalic furrow formation and instead undergoes widespread out-of-plane division that reduces the duration and spatial extent of head expansion. Re-orienting head mitosis from in-plane to out-of-plane in Drosophila partially suppresses tissue buckling, showing that it can function as an alternative mechanical sink. Our data suggest that mechanisms of mechanical stress management emerge and diverge in response to inter-tissue conflicts during early embryonic development. Flies have evolved two distinct strategies for managing mechanical stresses during embryogenesis: out-of-plane cell division in midges and transient out-of-plane tissue folding in fruit flies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dey, Bipasha and Kaul, Verena and Kale, Girish and Scorcelletti, Maily and Takeda, Michiko and Wang, Yu-Chiun and Lemke, Steffen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09447-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {637-646}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Divergent evolutionary strategies pre-empt tissue collision in gastrulation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Patterned invagination prevents mechanical instability during gastrulation. NATURE, 646(8085), 627-636. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mechanical forces are crucial for driving and shaping tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development1–3. However, their relevance for the evolution of development remains poorly understood4. Here we show that an evolutionary novelty of fly embryos—the patterned embryonic invagination known as the cephalic furrow5–7—has a mechanical role during Drosophila gastrulation. By integrating in vivo experiments and in silico simulations, we demonstrate that the head–trunk boundary of the embryo is under increased compressive stress due to the concurrent formation of mitotic domains and germ band extension and that the cephalic furrow counteracts these stresses, preventing mechanical instabilities during gastrulation. Then, by comparing the genetic patterning of species with and without the cephalic furrow, we find evidence that changes in the expression of the transcription factor buttonhead are associated with the evolution of the cephalic furrow. These results suggest that the cephalic furrow may have evolved through the genetic stabilization of morphogenesis in response to the mechanical challenges of dipteran gastrulation. Together, our findings uncover empirical evidence for how mechanical forces can influence the evolution of morphogenetic innovations in early development. In Drosophila, the cephalic furrow counteracts mechanical stress as the developing head and the trunk tissues meet, providing evidence for how mechanical forces influence the evolution of morphogenetic innovations in early development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vellutini, Bruno C. and Cuenca, Marina B. and Krishna, Abhijeet and Szałapak, Alicja and Modes, Carl D. and Tomancak, Pavel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09480-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {627-636}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Patterned invagination prevents mechanical instability during gastrulation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reduced atlantic reef growth past 2 °C warming amplifies sea-level impacts. NATURE, 646(8085), 619-626. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Coral reefs form complex physical structures that can help to mitigate coastal flooding risk1,2. This function will be reduced by sea-level rise (SLR) and impaired reef growth caused by climate change and local anthropogenic stressors3. Water depths above reef surfaces are projected to increase as a result, but the magnitudes and timescales of this increase are poorly constrained, which limits modelling of coastal vulnerability4,5. Here we analyse fossil reef deposits to constrain links between reef ecology and growth potential across more than 400 tropical western Atlantic sites, and assess the magnitudes of resultant above-reef increases in water depth through to 2100 under various shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. Our analysis predicts that more than 70% of tropical western Atlantic reefs will transition into net erosional states by 2040, but that if warming exceeds 2 °C (SSP2–4.5 and higher), nearly all reefs (at least 99%) will be eroding by 2100. The divergent trajectories of reef growth and SLR will thus magnify the effects of SLR; increases in water depth of around 0.3–0.5 m above the present are projected under all warming scenarios by 2060, but depth increases of 0.7–1.2 m are predicted by 2100 under scenarios in which warming surpasses 2 °C. This would increase the risk of flooding along vulnerable reef-fronted coasts and modify nearshore hydrodynamics and ecosystems. Reef restoration offers one pathway back to higher reef growth6,7, but would dampen the effects of SLR in 2100 only by around 0.3–0.4 m, and only when combined with aggressive climate mitigation. An analysis of coral reefs in the tropical western Atlantic suggests that nearly all will be eroding by 2100 if global warming exceeds 2 °C, which will worsen the effects of sea-level rise.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Perry, Chris T. and de Bakker, Didier M. and Webb, Alice E. and Comeau, Steeve and Harvey, Ben P. and Cornwall, Christopher E. and Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo and Pérez-Cervantes, Esmeralda and Morris, John and Enochs, Ian C. and Toth, Lauren T. and O’Dea, Aaron and Dillon, Erin M. and Meesters, Erik H. and Precht, William F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09439-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {619-626}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reduced atlantic reef growth past 2 °C warming amplifies sea-level impacts}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Aboveground biomass in australian tropical forests now a net carbon source. NATURE, 646(8085), 611-618. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tropical forests act as important global carbon sinks1, and Earth System Models predict increasing near-term carbon sink capacity for these forests, with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration thought to stimulate tree growth2,3. However, current forest inventory data analyses suggest that the carbon sink capacity of intact tropical forests may be in decline, portending a possible future switch from carbon sinks to carbon sources3–7. Here we use long-term forest inventory data (1971–2019) from Australian moist tropical forests and a causal inference framework8–10 to assess the carbon balance of woody aboveground standing biomass over time, the demographic processes accounting for it, and its climatic drivers, including cyclones. We find that a transition from sink (0.62 ± 0.04 Mg C ha−1 yr−1: 1971–2000) to source (−0.93 ± 0.11 Mg C ha−1 yr−1: 2010–2019) has occurred for the aboveground woody biomass of these forests, with sink capacity declining at a rate of 0.041 ± 0.032 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The transition was driven by increasingly extreme temperature and other climate anomalies, which have increased tree mortality and associated biomass losses4, with no evidence of the carbon fertilization (stimulation) of woody tree growth. Forest dynamics underlying carbon sink capacity were also punctuated by cyclones, with impacts of a similar magnitude to long-term climate-induced changes. Our findings suggest the potential for a similar response to climate change by woody aboveground biomass in moist tropical forests globally, which could culminate in a long-term switch from carbon sinks to carbon sources. A transition from carbon sink to source for the aboveground woody biomass of moist tropical Australian forests has occurred, driven by increasingly extreme climate anomalies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Carle, Hannah and Bauman, David and Evans, Michael N. and Coughlin, Ingrid and Binks, Oliver and Ford, Andrew and Bradford, Matthew and Nicotra, Adrienne and Murphy, Helen and Meir, Patrick}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09497-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {611-618}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Aboveground biomass in australian tropical forests now a net carbon source}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In-plane dielectric constant and conductivity of confined water. NATURE, 646(8085), 606-610. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Water is essential for almost every aspect of life on our planet and, unsurprisingly, its properties have been studied in great detail1. However, disproportionately little remains known about the electrical properties of interfacial and strongly confined water2,3, in which the structure deviates from that of bulk water, becoming distinctly layered4,5. The structural change is expected to affect the conductivity of water and particularly its polarizability, which in turn modifies intermolecular forces that play a crucial role in many physical and chemical processes6–9. Here we use scanning dielectric microscopy (SDM)10 to probe the in-plane electrical properties of water confined between atomically flat surfaces separated by distances down to 1 nm. For confinement exceeding several nanometres, water exhibits an in-plane dielectric constant close to that of bulk water and its proton conductivity is notably enhanced, gradually increasing with decreasing water thickness. This trend abruptly changes when the confined water becomes only a few molecules thick. Its in-plane dielectric constant reaches large, ferroelectric-like values of about 1,000, whereas the conductivity peaks at several S m−1, close to values characteristic of superionic liquids. We attribute the enhancement to strongly disordered hydrogen bonding induced by the few-layer confinement, which facilitates both easier in-plane polarization of molecular dipoles and faster proton exchange. This insight into the electrical properties of nanoconfined water is important for understanding many phenomena that occur at aqueous interfaces and in nanoscale pores. Scanning dielectric microscopy of nanocapillaries filled with water reveals that interfacial and strongly confined water exhibits a large in-plane dielectric constant and an in-plane conductivity approaching superionic values. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, R. and Souilamas, M. and Esfandiar, A. and Fabregas, R. and Benaglia, S. and Nevison-Andrews, H. and Yang, Q. and Normansell, J. and Ares, P. and Ferrari, G. and Principi, A. and Geim, A. K. and Fumagalli, L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09558-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {606-610}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In-plane dielectric constant and conductivity of confined water}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. NATURE, 646(8085), 601-605. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oxygen redox chemistry is central to life1 and many human-made technologies, such as in energy storage2–4. The large energy gain from oxygen redox reactions is often connected with the occurrence of harmful reactive oxygen species3,5,6. Key species are superoxide and the highly reactive singlet oxygen3–7, which may evolve from superoxide. However, the factors determining the formation of singlet oxygen, rather than the relatively unreactive triplet oxygen, are unknown. Here we report that the release of triplet or singlet oxygen is governed by individual Marcus normal and inverted region behaviour. We found that as the driving force for the reaction increases, the initially dominant evolution of triplet oxygen slows down, and singlet oxygen evolution becomes predominant with higher maximum kinetics. This behaviour also applies to the widely observed superoxide disproportionation, in which one superoxide is oxidized by another, in both non-aqueous and aqueous systems, with Lewis and Brønsted acidity controlling the driving forces. Singlet oxygen yields governed by these conditions are relevant, for example, in batteries or cellular organelles in which superoxide forms. Our findings suggest ways to understand and control spin states and kinetics in oxygen redox chemistry, with implications for fields, including life sciences, pure chemistry and energy storage. The release of triplet or singlet oxygen is governed by individual Marcus normal and inverted region behaviour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mondal, Soumyadip and Nguyen, Huyen T. K. and Hauschild, Robert and Freunberger, Stefan A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {601-605}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Patchy nanoparticles by atomic stencilling. NATURE, 646(8085), 592-600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stencilling, in which patterns are created by painting over masks, has ubiquitous applications in art, architecture and manufacturing. Modern, top-down microfabrication methods have succeeded in reducing mask sizes to under 10 nm (refs. 1,2), enabling ever smaller microdevices as today’s fastest computer chips. Meanwhile, bottom-up masking using chemical bonds or physical interactions has remained largely unexplored, despite its advantages of low cost, solution-processability, scalability and high compatibility with complex, curved and three-dimensional (3D) surfaces3,4. Here we report atomic stencilling to make patchy nanoparticles (NPs), using surface-adsorbed iodide submonolayers to create the mask and ligand-mediated grafted polymers onto unmasked regions as ‘paint’. We use this approach to synthesize more than 20 different types of NP coated with polymer patches in high yield. Polymer scaling theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation show that stencilling, along with the interplay of enthalpic and entropic effects of polymers, generates patchy particle morphologies not reported previously. These polymer-patched NPs self-assemble into extended crystals owing to highly uniform patches, including different non-closely packed superlattices. We propose that atomic stencilling opens new avenues in patterning NPs and other substrates at the nanometre length scale, leading to precise control of their chemistry, reactivity and interactions for a wide range of applications, such as targeted delivery, catalysis, microelectronics, integrated metamaterials and tissue engineering5–11. An atomic stencilling method based on the co-adsorption of iodide and 2-naphthalenethiol on gold is described, yielding more than 20 different types of nanoparticle with masked and painted regions and patchy particle morphologies not reported previously.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Ahyoung and Kim, Chansong and Waltmann, Tommy and Vo, Thi and Kim, Eun Mi and Kim, Junseok and Shao, Yu-Tsun and Michelson, Aaron and Crockett, John R. and Kalutantirige, Falon C. and Yang, Eric and Yao, Lehan and Hwang, Chu-Yun and Zhang, Yugang and Liu, Yu-Shen and An, Hyosung and Gao, Zirui and Kim, Jiyeon and Mandal, Sohini and Muller, David A. and Fichthorn, Kristen A. and Glotzer, Sharon C. and Chen, Qian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09605-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {592-600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Patchy nanoparticles by atomic stencilling}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-distance remote epitaxy. NATURE, 646(8085), 584-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Remote epitaxy, in which an epitaxial relation is established between a film and a substrate through remote interactions, enables the development of high-quality single crystalline epilayers and their transfer to and integration with other technologically crucial substates1,2. It is commonly believed that in remote epitaxy, the distance within which the remote interaction can play a leading part in the epitaxial process is less than 1 nm, as the atomically resolved fluctuating electric potential decays very rapidly to a negligible value after a few atomic distances3. Here we show that it is possible to achieve remote epitaxy when the epilayer–substrate distance is as large as 2–7 nm. We experimentally demonstrate long-distance remote epitaxy of CsPbBr3 film on an NaCl substrate, KCl film on a KCl substrate and ZnO microrods on GaN, and show that a dislocation in the GaN substrate exists immediately below every remotely epitaxial ZnO microrod. These findings indicate that remote epitaxy could be designed and engineered by means of harnessing defect-mediated long-distance remote interactions. Experimental evidence demonstrates long-distance remote epitaxial interactions of thin films even through thick amorphous carbon buffer layers and shows that these can be induced through dislocations in the substrate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Ru and Xin, Yan and Potter, Mark and Jiang, Jie and Wang, Zixu and Ma, Hanxue and Zhang, Zhihao and Liang, Zhizhuo and Zhang, Lifu and Lu, Zonghuan and Yang, Ruizhe and Pendse, Saloni and Hu, Yang and Peng, Kai and Meng, Yilin and Bao, Wei and Liu, Jun and Wang, Gwo-Ching and Lu, Toh-Ming and Shi, Yunfeng and Gao, Hanwei and Shi, Jian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09484-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {584-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-distance remote epitaxy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Proximal cooperative aerial manipulation with vertically stacked drones. NATURE, 646(8085), 576-583. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Enabling vertical-stack proximal cooperation between multirotor flying robots can facilitate the execution of complex aerial manipulation tasks. However, vertical-stack proximal flight is commonly regarded as a dangerous condition that should be avoided because of persistent and intense downwash interference generated between flying robots1,2. Here we propose a cooperative aerial manipulation system, called FlyingToolbox, that can work stably with sub-centimetre-level docking accuracy under vertical-stack flight conditions. The system consists of a toolbox micro-aerial vehicle (MAV) and a manipulator MAV. The robotic arm of the manipulator MAV can autonomously dock with a tool carried by the toolbox MAV, in which the docking accuracy reaches 0.80 ± 0.33 cm in the presence of downwash airflow of up to 13.18 m s−1. By enabling midair tool exchange in proximity, FlyingToolbox resolves the paradox between flight proximity and manipulation accuracy, suggesting a new model for heterogeneous and interactive flying robot cooperation in diverse applications3–5. A cooperative aerial manipulation system, called FlyingToolbox, can work stably with sub-centimetre-level docking accuracy under vertical-stack flight conditions. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cao, Huazi and Shen, Jiahao and Zhang, Yin and Fu, Zheng and Liu, Cunjia and Sun, Sihao and Zhao, Shiyu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09575-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {576-583}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Proximal cooperative aerial manipulation with vertically stacked drones}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Integrated lithium niobate photonics for sub-ångström snapshot spectroscopy. NATURE, 646(8085), 567-575. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spectroscopy is a pivotal tool for determining the physical structures and chemical compositions of materials and environments, and it is commonly used across diverse scientific fields1–16. Conventionally, spectroscopic techniques rely on narrow slits or gratings, which impose a trade-off between spectral resolution and optical transmittance17–22, thus precluding measurements with simultaneous high sensitivity and high efficiency. Here we introduce RAFAEL, a sub-ångström ultra-high-transmittance snapshot spectroscopic technique, which targets this trade-off with integrated and reconfigurable photonics based on lithium niobate. Its design comprises bulk lithium niobate as an interference mask with a pixel-wise electrically tunable spectral response and delivers picometre-scale modulation with a high optical transmittance. Our approach achieves 88-Hz snapshot spectroscopy with a spectral resolution of approximately 0.5 Å at 400–1,000 nm (R = 12,000), spatial resolution of 2,048 × 2,048 and 73.2% total optical transmittance. Compared with state-of-the-art spectroscopic imagers23–34, RAFAEL offers double the total transmittance and a nearly two orders of magnitude improvement in spectral resolving power, as verified by extensive experiments. In particular, RAFAEL captured sub-ångström spectra, including all atomic absorption peaks, of up to 5,600 stars in a single snapshot, indicating ×100–10,000 improvement in observational efficiency compared with world-class astronomical spectrometers17–21. This high-performing yet easily integrated snapshot spectroscopic method could drive advances in fields ranging from material science to astrophysics. RAFAEL is a sub-ångström ultra-high-transmittance snapshot spectroscopic imaging sensor leveraging electro-optic reconfigurability in integrated lithium niobate photonics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yao, Zhiyang and Liu, Shuyang and Wang, Yingce and Yuan, Xiaoyun and Fang, Lu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09591-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {567-575}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Integrated lithium niobate photonics for sub-ångström snapshot spectroscopy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Efficient quantum thermal simulation. NATURE, 646(8085), 561-566. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum computers promise to tackle quantum simulation problems that are classically intractable1. Although a lot of quantum algorithms2–4 have been developed for simulating quantum dynamics, a general-purpose method for simulating low-temperature quantum phenomena remains unknown. In classical settings, the analogous task of sampling from thermal distributions has been largely addressed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods5,6. Here we propose an efficient quantum algorithm for thermal simulation that—akin to MCMC methods—exhibits detailed balance, respects locality and serves as a toy model for thermalization in open quantum systems. The enduring impact of MCMC methods suggests that our new construction may play an equally important part in quantum computing and applications in the physical sciences and beyond. An efficient quantum thermal simulation algorithm that exhibits detailed balance, respects locality, and serves as a self-contained model for thermalization in open quantum systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chi-Fang and Kastoryano, Michael and Brandão, Fernando G. S. L. and Gilyén, András}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09583-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {561-566}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Efficient quantum thermal simulation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A drug–diet combination could improve childhood cancer treatment. NATURE, 646(8085), 558-559. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mouse studies show that depriving neuroblastoma of certain amino acids causes a switch in protein synthesis to suppress tumour growth and promote cell differentiation. Mouse studies show that depriving neuroblastoma of certain amino acids causes a switch in protein synthesis to suppress tumour growth and promote cell differentiation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Speleman, Frank and Delhaye, Louis}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02824-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {558-559}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A drug–diet combination could improve childhood cancer treatment}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do rats double-dip food with their tails?. NATURE, 646(8085), 558. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature’s pages feature evidence that rodents reach refreshment through wily means, and a review of a book that celebrates everything honey. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03329-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {558}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do rats double-dip food with their tails?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Caribbean coral reefs are threatened by rising seas. NATURE, 646(8085), 556-558. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modelling suggests that most Caribbean coral reefs will erode by the year 2100 as sea-level rise outpaces reef growth and limits potential reef restoration. Modelling suggests that most Caribbean coral reefs will erode by the year 2100 as sea-level rise outpaces reef growth and limits potential reef restoration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Browne, Nicola K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02533-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {556-558}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Caribbean coral reefs are threatened by rising seas}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extreme confinement unleashes water’s hidden electrical capabilities. NATURE, 646(8085), 555-556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Water has extraordinary electrical properties when trapped in tiny channels — a finding that calls for a re-think about key processes in biology, climate and nanotechnology. Water has extraordinary electrical properties when trapped in tiny channels — a finding that calls for a re-think about key processes in biology, climate and nanotechnology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Domingo, Neus and Verdaguer, Albert}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03128-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {555-556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extreme confinement unleashes water’s hidden electrical capabilities}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Birds’ intruder alert hints at how sounds took on new meanings. NATURE, 646(8085), 554. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Diverse bird species recognize the same vocalization to rally neighbours against invading cuckoos. The finding plays into a broader debate about the emergence of language. Diverse bird species recognize the same vocalization to rally neighbours against invading cuckoos. The finding plays into a broader debate about the emergence of language.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03328-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {554}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Birds’ intruder alert hints at how sounds took on new meanings}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Flies evolved a shock-absorber tissue used during embryonic development. NATURE, 646(8085), 552-554. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The role of tissue that forms between the head and trunk of a fly embryo has been unclear. It turns out that it absorbs forces when nearby cells move and divide. The role of tissue that forms between the head and trunk of a fly embryo has been unclear. It turns out that it absorbs forces when nearby cells move and divide.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brunet, Thibaut}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02532-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {552-554}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Flies evolved a shock-absorber tissue used during embryonic development}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ion stencils used for synthesis of patchy nanoparticles. NATURE, 646(8085), 551-552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metal nanoparticles have been made with polymer patches accurately placed on their surfaces — enabling them to self-assemble into otherwise inaccessible 3D structures. Metal nanoparticles have been made with polymer patches accurately placed on their surfaces — enabling them to self-assemble into otherwise inaccessible 3D structures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kretzschmar, Ilona and Bianchi, Emanuela}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03127-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {551-552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ion stencils used for synthesis of patchy nanoparticles}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI’s therapeutic potential goes beyond emotional connection. NATURE, 646(8085), 550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Refoua, Elad and Rafaeli, Eshkol and Shoval, Dorit Hadar}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03358-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI’s therapeutic potential goes beyond emotional connection}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Red lines for religious AI. NATURE, 646(8085), 550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tretter, Max and Puzio, Anna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03359-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Red lines for religious AI}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Longer grant cycles would boost research in africa. NATURE, 646(8085), 550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nemavhola, Fulufhelo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03360-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Longer grant cycles would boost research in africa}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brazil’s COP30 legacy should be to protect more of its forests. NATURE, 646(8085), 550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moutinho, Paulo and Guimarães, André}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03361-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brazil’s COP30 legacy should be to protect more of its forests}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metals are key to the global economy — But three challenges threaten supply chains. NATURE, 646(8085), 547-549. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The metals industry must confront metals’ scarcity, rising demand and climate impacts. Sustainable solutions exist that must be embraced. The metals industry must confront metals’ scarcity, rising demand and climate impacts. Sustainable solutions exist that must be embraced.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {DebRoy, Tarasankar and Palmer, Todd A. and Elmer, John W. and Mukherjee, Tuhin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03312-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {547-549}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metals are key to the global economy — But three challenges threaten supply chains}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Carbon credits are failing to help with climate change — Here’s why. NATURE, 646(8085), 543-546. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The idea that emissions can be offset through projects that claim to avoid releases or to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is fatally flawed. The idea that emissions can be offset through projects that claim to avoid releases or to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is fatally flawed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Macintosh, Andrew and Trencher, Gregory and Probst, Benedict and Barley, Shanta and Cullenward, Danny and West, Thales A. P. and Butler, Don and Rockström, Johan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03313-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {543-546}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Carbon credits are failing to help with climate change — Here’s why}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Jane goodall obituary: Pioneer primatologist who inspired generations of scientists. NATURE, 646(8085), 541. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {She was a tireless advocate for conservation, the welfare of captive chimpanzees and the protection of habitats. She was a tireless advocate for conservation, the welfare of captive chimpanzees and the protection of habitats.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wrangham, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03227-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {541}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Jane goodall obituary: Pioneer primatologist who inspired generations of scientists}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The race to uncover snow’s many mysteries before it disappears forever. NATURE, 646(8085), 539-540. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Historian brings icy climate warnings and warm personal memories. Historian brings icy climate warnings and warm personal memories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thompson, Gareth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03310-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {539-540}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The race to uncover snow’s many mysteries before it disappears forever}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Alchemy: Discredited pseudoscience or chemistry’s worthy ancestor?. NATURE, 646(8085), 537-538. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A spirited tour of alchemy shows how it bridged everything from chemical reactions, medicine and craft to philosophy, art and religion. A spirited tour of alchemy shows how it bridged everything from chemical reactions, medicine and craft to philosophy, art and religion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chapman, Kit}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03309-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {537-538}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Alchemy: Discredited pseudoscience or chemistry’s worthy ancestor?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The quest to make babies with lab-grown eggs and sperm. NATURE, 646(8085), 534-536. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sex cells made from scratch could revolutionize human reproduction. But researchers are struggling to translate promising results in mice into benefits for humans. Sex cells made from scratch could revolutionize human reproduction. But researchers are struggling to translate promising results in mice into benefits for humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03308-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {534-536}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The quest to make babies with lab-grown eggs and sperm}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Faulty mitochondria cause deadly diseases: Fixing them is about to get a lot easier. NATURE, 646(8085), 530-532. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {CRISPR-based tools can’t easily access the DNA in these organelles, but researchers are finding other ways in. CRISPR-based tools can’t easily access the DNA in these organelles, but researchers are finding other ways in.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03307-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {530-532}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Faulty mitochondria cause deadly diseases: Fixing them is about to get a lot easier}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Google for DNA’ brings order to biology’s big data. NATURE, 646(8085), 528. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {MetaGraph compresses vast data archives into a search engine for scientists, opening up new frontiers of biological discovery. MetaGraph compresses vast data archives into a search engine for scientists, opening up new frontiers of biological discovery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03219-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {528}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Google for DNA’ brings order to biology’s big data}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The rise of ‘nightmare bacteria’: Antimicrobial resistance in five charts. NATURE, 646(8085), 526-527. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data reveal how the global challenge to reduce deaths and infections from drug-resistant bacteria is not going according to plan. Data reveal how the global challenge to reduce deaths and infections from drug-resistant bacteria is not going according to plan.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03218-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {526-527}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The rise of ‘nightmare bacteria’: Antimicrobial resistance in five charts}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First human transplant of kidney modified to have ‘universal’ blood type. NATURE, 646(8085), 525. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recipient diagnosed with brain death received a type-O organ, which is compatible with all blood types. Recipient diagnosed with brain death received a type-O organ, which is compatible with all blood types.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03248-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {525}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First human transplant of kidney modified to have ‘universal’ blood type}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Creative hobbies could slow brain ageing at the molecular level. NATURE, 646(8085), 524-525. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To keep the mind young, dance the tango. To keep the mind young, dance the tango.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03197-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {524-525}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Creative hobbies could slow brain ageing at the molecular level}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Groundbreaking quantum-tunnelling experiments win physics nobel. NATURE, 646(8085), 523-524. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis discovered quantum physics on a macroscopic scale, paving the way for quantum computing. John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis discovered quantum physics on a macroscopic scale, paving the way for quantum computing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth and Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03194-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {523-524}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Groundbreaking quantum-tunnelling experiments win physics nobel}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chemistry nobel for scientists who developed massively porous ‘super sponge’ materials. NATURE, 646(8085), 522-523. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi pioneered the creation of metal–organic frameworks, which can capture and store molecules such as carbon dioxide. Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi pioneered the creation of metal–organic frameworks, which can capture and store molecules such as carbon dioxide.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide and Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03195-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {522-523}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chemistry nobel for scientists who developed massively porous ‘super sponge’ materials}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Medicine nobel goes to scientists who revealed secrets of immune system ‘regulation’. NATURE, 646(8085), 521-522. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi discovered cells that protect the body from autoimmune diseases. Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi discovered cells that protect the body from autoimmune diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam and Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03193-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {521-522}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Medicine nobel goes to scientists who revealed secrets of immune system ‘regulation’}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Rogue’ planet is fastest-growing ever observed. NATURE, 646(8085), 519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cha 1107-7626 is devouring matter during its solo drift across the Galaxy. Cha 1107-7626 is devouring matter during its solo drift across the Galaxy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03208-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Rogue’ planet is fastest-growing ever observed}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Current mosquitoes evolved more recently than previously thought. NATURE, 646(8085), 519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genetic analysis reveals that most living genera of mosquitoes emerged around 73 million years ago. Genetic analysis reveals that most living genera of mosquitoes emerged around 73 million years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03244-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Current mosquitoes evolved more recently than previously thought}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Portable muon beam could accelerate archaeology scans. NATURE, 646(8085), 519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Laser plasma device could be light enough to be used on the field. Laser plasma device could be light enough to be used on the field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03245-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Portable muon beam could accelerate archaeology scans}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hippos still roamed europe during the last ice age. NATURE, 646(8085), 519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA found in fossils from southwestern Germany suggests the populations survived in the region much longer than expected. DNA found in fossils from southwestern Germany suggests the populations survived in the region much longer than expected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03270-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hippos still roamed europe during the last ice age}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inside our university’s mission to pivot to research. NATURE, 646(8085), 518. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Innovation is key to meeting today’s global challenges. This is why the University of Botswana, originally a teaching institution, is now fostering research, and others should take the leap. Innovation is key to meeting today’s global challenges. This is why the University of Botswana, originally a teaching institution, is now fostering research, and others should take the leap.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramogola-Masire, Doreen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03301-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {518}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inside our university’s mission to pivot to research}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How journals can break down barriers for latin american scientists. NATURE, 646(8085), 517. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The publishing ecosystem must do more to tackle inequities; quotas and partnerships with societies can help. The publishing ecosystem must do more to tackle inequities; quotas and partnerships with societies can help.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Viglino, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03304-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {517}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How journals can break down barriers for latin american scientists}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). UNESCO stands at a crossroads — Researchers must back its new leader. NATURE, 646(8085), 516. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Khaled El-Enany, the agency’s first director-general from an Arab state, will lead the UN’s education, science and cultural organization through one of its most severe tests. Khaled El-Enany, the agency’s first director-general from an Arab state, will lead the UN’s education, science and cultural organization through one of its most severe tests.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03306-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {516}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {UNESCO stands at a crossroads — Researchers must back its new leader}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The spectre of malnutrition is back and must be tackled — Fast. NATURE, 646(8085), 515-516. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nobody should be going hungry in the twenty-first century. Scientists must determine the reasons why malnutrition is increasing so policymakers can act. Nobody should be going hungry in the twenty-first century. Scientists must determine the reasons why malnutrition is increasing so policymakers can act.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03305-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8085}, pages = {515-516}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The spectre of malnutrition is back and must be tackled — Fast}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Connecting the dots: I trace the history of the east kolkata wetlands. NATURE, 646(8084), 508. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Environmental-humanities researcher Jenia Mukherjee uncovers the complex relationship between people, canals and wetlands in Kolkata, India. Environmental-humanities researcher Jenia Mukherjee uncovers the complex relationship between people, canals and wetlands in Kolkata, India.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03231-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {508}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Connecting the dots: I trace the history of the east kolkata wetlands}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biothreat hunters catch dangerous DNA before it gets made. NATURE, 646(8084), 503-505. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Microsoft researchers found a biological zero-day vulnerability — and created a software patch. Microsoft researchers found a biological zero-day vulnerability — and created a software patch.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hutson, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03230-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {503-505}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biothreat hunters catch dangerous DNA before it gets made}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 27 things we wish we’d known when we started our PhDs. NATURE, 646(8084), 501-502. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature’s survey of PhD candidates reveals hard-won wisdom on choosing supervisors, managing mental health and surviving academic culture. Nature’s survey of PhD candidates reveals hard-won wisdom on choosing supervisors, managing mental health and surviving academic culture.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03229-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {501-502}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {27 things we wish we’d known when we started our PhDs}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural basis for the dynamic regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids. NATURE, 646(8084), 493-500. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) anchors a conserved signalling pathway that regulates growth in response to nutrient availability1–5. Amino acids activate mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases, which are regulated by GATOR, a supercomplex consisting of GATOR1, KICSTOR and the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2 (refs. 6–9). GATOR2 forms an octagonal cage, with its distinct WD40 domain β-propellers interacting with GATOR1 and the leucine sensors Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 (SESN1 and SESN2) and the arginine sensor CASTOR1 (ref. 10). The mechanisms through which these sensors regulate GATOR2 and how they detach from it upon binding their cognate amino acids remain unknown. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of a stabilized GATOR2 bound to either Sestrin2 or CASTOR1. The sensors occupy distinct and non-overlapping binding sites, disruption of which selectively impairs the ability of mTORC1 to sense individual amino acids. We also resolved the apo (leucine-free) structure of Sestrin2 and characterized the amino acid-induced structural rearrangements within Sestrin2 and CASTOR1 that trigger their dissociation from GATOR2. Binding of either sensor restricts the dynamic WDR24 β-propeller of GATOR2, a domain essential for nutrient-dependent mTORC1 activation. These findings reveal the allosteric mechanisms that convey amino acid sufficiency to GATOR2 and the ensuing structural changes that lead to mTORC1 activation. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the interactions of Sestrin2 and CASTOR1 with GATOR2 were resolved, revealing how mTORC1 activation is regulated and how nutrient availability triggers signalling for cellular growth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Valenstein, Max L. and Wranik, Maximilian and Lalgudi, Pranav V. and Linde-Garelli, Karen Y. and Choi, Yuri and Chivukula, Raghu R. and Sabatini, David M. and Rogala, Kacper B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09428-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {493-500}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural basis for the dynamic regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One-shot design of functional protein binders with BindCraft. NATURE, 646(8084), 483-492. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Protein–protein interactions are at the core of all key biological processes. However, the complexity of the structural features that determine protein–protein interactions makes their design challenging. Here we present BindCraft, an open-source and automated pipeline for de novo protein binder design with experimental success rates of 10–100%. BindCraft leverages the weights of AlphaFold2 (ref. 1) to generate binders with nanomolar affinity without the need for high-throughput screening or experimental optimization, even in the absence of known binding sites. We successfully designed binders against a diverse set of challenging targets, including cell-surface receptors, common allergens, de novo designed proteins and multi-domain nucleases, such as CRISPR–Cas9. We showcase the functional and therapeutic potential of designed binders by reducing IgE binding to birch allergen in patient-derived samples, modulating Cas9 gene editing activity and reducing the cytotoxicity of a foodborne bacterial enterotoxin. Last, we use cell-surface-receptor-specific binders to redirect adeno-associated virus capsids for targeted gene delivery. This work represents a significant advancement towards a ‘one design-one binder’ approach in computational design, with immense potential in therapeutics, diagnostics and biotechnology. BindCraft, an open-source, automated pipeline for de novo protein binder design with experimental success rates of 10–100%, leverages AlphaFold2 weights to generate binders with nanomolar affinity without the need for high-throughput screening.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pacesa, Martin and Nickel, Lennart and Schellhaas, Christian and Schmidt, Joseph and Pyatova, Ekaterina and Kissling, Lucas and Barendse, Patrick and Choudhury, Jagrity and Kapoor, Srajan and Alcaraz-Serna, Ana and Cho, Yehlin and Ghamary, Kourosh H. and Vinué, Laura and Yachnin, Brahm J. and Wollacott, Andrew M. and Buckley, Stephen and Westphal, Adrie H. and Lindhoud, Simon and Georgeon, Sandrine and Goverde, Casper A. and Hatzopoulos, Georgios N. and Gönczy, Pierre and Muller, Yannick D. and Schwank, Gerald and Swarts, Daan C. and Vecchio, Alex J. and Schneider, Bernard L. and Ovchinnikov, Sergey and Correia, Bruno E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09429-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {483-492}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One-shot design of functional protein binders with BindCraft}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantitative imaging of lipid transport in mammalian cells. NATURE, 646(8084), 474-482. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Eukaryotic cells produce over 1,000 different lipid species that tune organelle membrane properties, control signalling and store energy1,2. How lipid species are selectively sorted between organelles to maintain specific membrane identities is largely unclear, owing to the difficulty of imaging lipid transport in cells3. Here we measured the retrograde transport and metabolism of individual lipid species in mammalian cells using time-resolved fluorescence imaging of bifunctional lipid probes in combination with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and mathematical modelling. Quantification of lipid flux between organelles revealed that directional, non-vesicular lipid transport is responsible for fast, species-selective lipid sorting, in contrast to the slow, unspecific vesicular membrane trafficking. Using genetic perturbations, we found that coupling between energy-dependent lipid flipping and non-vesicular transport is a mechanism for directional lipid transport. Comparison of metabolic conversion and transport rates showed that non-vesicular transport dominates the organelle distribution of lipids, while species-specific phospholipid metabolism controls neutral lipid accumulation. Our results provide the first quantitative map of retrograde lipid flux in cells4. We anticipate that our pipeline for mapping of lipid flux through physical and chemical space in cells will boost our understanding of lipids in cell biology and disease. Directional, non-vesicular lipid transport is responsible for fast, species-selective lipid sorting into organelle membranes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Iglesias-Artola, Juan M. and Böhlig, Kristin and Schuhmann, Kai and Cook, Katelyn C. and Lennartz, H. Mathilda and Schuhmacher, Milena and Barahtjan, Pavel and Jiménez López, Cristina and Šachl, Radek and Garikapati, Vannuruswamy and Pombo-Garcia, Karina and Lohmann, Annett and Riegerová, Petra and Hof, Martin and Drobot, Björn and Shevchenko, Andrej and Honigmann, Alf and Nadler, André}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09432-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {474-482}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantitative imaging of lipid transport in mammalian cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. NATURE, 646(8084), 462-473. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well-established factor of poor prognosis in multiple cancer types1, yet its mechanism remains unclear. Here we provide clinical and mechanistic insights into the role of PNI and cancer-induced nerve injury (CINI) in resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Our study demonstrates that PNI and CINI of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy among patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and gastric cancer. Electron microscopy and electrical conduction analyses reveal that cancer cells degrade the nerve fibre myelin sheets. The injured neurons respond by autonomously initiating IL-6- and type I interferon-mediated inflammation to promote nerve healing and regeneration. As the tumour grows, the CINI burden increases, and its associated inflammation becomes chronic and skews the general immune tone within the tumour microenvironment into a suppressive and exhaustive state. The CINI-driven anti-PD-1 resistance can be reversed by targeting multiple steps in the CINI signalling process: denervating the tumour, conditional knockout of the transcription factor mediating the injury signal within neurons (Atf3), knockout of interferon-α receptor signalling (Ifnar1−/−) or by combining anti-PD-1 and anti-IL-6-receptor blockade. Our findings demonstrate the direct immunoregulatory roles of CINI and its therapeutic potential. Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baruch, Erez N. and Gleber-Netto, Frederico O. and Nagarajan, Priyadharsini and Rao, Xiayu and Akhter, Shamima and Eichwald, Tuany and Xie, Tongxin and Balood, Mohammad and Adewale, Adebayo and Naara, Shorook and Sathishkumar, Hinduja N. and Islam, Shajedul and McCarthy, William and Mattson, Brandi J. and Ferrarotto, Renata and Wong, Michael K. and Davies, Michael A. and Jindal, Sonali and Basu, Sreyashi and Roversi, Karine and Nikpoor, Amin Reza and Ahmadi, Maryam and Ahmadi, Ali and Harwood, Catherine and Leigh, Irene and Gong, Dennis and Tallón de Lara, Paulino and Tao, Derrick L. and Davidson, Tara M. and Ajami, Nadim J. and Futreal, Andrew and Rai, Kunal and Kochat, Veena and Castillo, Micah and Gunaratne, Preethi and Goepfert, Ryan P. and Hernandez, Sharia D. and Khushalani, Nikhil I. and Wang, Jing and Watowich, Stephanie S. and Calin, George A. and Migden, Michael R. and Yuan, Mona and Liu, Naijiang and Ye, Yi and Hwang, William L. and Vermeer, Paola D. and D’Silva, Nisha J. and Bunimovich, Yuri L. and Yaniv, Dan and Burks, Jared K. and Gomez, Javier and Dougherty, Patrick M. and Tsai, Kenneth Y. and Allison, James P. and Sharma, Padmanee and Wargo, Jennifer A. and Myers, Jeffrey N. and Talbot, Sebastien and Gross, Neil D. and Amit, Moran}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09370-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {462-473}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Axonal injury is a targetable driver of glioblastoma progression. NATURE, 646(8084), 452-461. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and highly therapy-resistant brain tumour1,2. Although advanced disease has been intensely investigated, the mechanisms that underpin the earlier, likely more tractable, stages of GBM development remain poorly understood. Here we identify axonal injury as a key driver of GBM progression, which we find is induced in white matter by early tumour cells preferentially expanding in this region. Mechanistically, axonal injury promotes gliomagenesis by triggering Wallerian degeneration, a targetable active programme of axonal death3, which we show increases neuroinflammation and tumour proliferation. Inactivation of SARM1, the key enzyme activated in response to injury that mediates Wallerian degeneration4, was sufficient to break this tumour-promoting feedforward loop, leading to the development of less advanced terminal tumours and prolonged survival in mice. Thus, targeting the tumour-induced injury microenvironment may supress progression from latent to advanced disease, thereby providing a potential strategy for GBM interception and control. Axonal injury, induced in the white matter by expansion of early tumour cells, is a key driver of glioblastoma progression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Clements, Melanie and Tang, Wenhao and Florjanic Baronik, Zan and Simpson Ragdale, Holly and Oria, Roger and Volteras, Dimitrios and White, Ian J. and Beattie, Gordon and Uddin, Imran and Lenn, Tchern and Lindsay, Rachel and Castro Devesa, Sara and Karamched, Saketh R. and Lythgoe, Mark F. and Shahrezaei, Vahid and Weaver, Valerie M. and Sugisawa, Ryoichi and Roncaroli, Federico and Marguerat, Samuel and Hill, Ciaran S. and Parrinello, Simona}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09411-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {452-461}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Axonal injury is a targetable driver of glioblastoma progression}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). TCF1 and LEF1 promote B-1a cell homeostasis and regulatory function. NATURE, 646(8084), 442-451. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {B-1 cells are innate-like immune cells abundant in serosal cavities with antibodies enriched in bacterial recognition, yet their existence in humans has been controversial1–3. The CD5+ B-1a subset expresses anti-inflammatory molecules including IL-10, PDL1 and CTLA4 and can be immunoregulatory4–6. Unlike conventional B cells that are continuously replenished, B-1a cells are produced early in life and maintained through self-renewal7. Here we show that the transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1 are critical regulators of B-1a cells. LEF1 expression is highest in fetal and bone marrow B-1 progenitors, whereas the levels of TCF1 are higher in splenic and peritoneal B-1 cells than in B-1 progenitors. TCF1–LEF1 double deficient mice have reduced B-1a cells and defective B-1a cell maintenance. These transcription factors promote MYC-dependent metabolic pathways and induce a stem-like population upon activation, partly via IL-10 production. In the absence of TCF1 and LEF1, B-1 cells proliferate excessively and acquire an exhausted phenotype with reduced IL-10 and PDL1 expression. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of B-1 cells lacking TCF1 and LEF1 fails to suppress brain inflammation. These transcription factors are also expressed in human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B cells and in a B-1-like population that is abundant in pleural fluid and circulation of some patients with pleural infection. Our findings define a TCF1–LEF1-driven transcriptional program that integrates stemness and regulatory function in B-1a cells. The transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1 promote self-renewal and regulatory functions in B-1a cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shen, Qian and Wang, Hao and Roco, Jonathan A. and Meng, Xiangpeng and Bosticardo, Marita and Hodges, Marie and Battaglia, Michael and Feng, Zhi-Ping and Talks, Benjamin James and Powell, Jason and Shanmugiah, Vijaya Baskar Mahalingam and Chu, Julia and Rahman, Najib M. and Elsheikh, Alguili and Chakravarty, Probir and Grenov, Amalie and Emmerich, Max and Delmonte, Ottavia M. and Freeman, Alexandra F. and Keller, Michael D. and Belaid, Brahim and Papa, Ilenia and Lee, James C. and Cañete, Pablo F. and Gonzalez-Figueroa, Paula and Zhang, Yaoyuan and Xue, Hai-Hui and Turajlic, Samra and Notarangelo, Luigi D. and Haniffa, Muzlifah and Garrett-Sinha, Lee Ann and Parry, Helen M. and Kanellakis, Nikolaos I. and Vinuesa, Carola G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09421-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {442-451}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {TCF1 and LEF1 promote B-1a cell homeostasis and regulatory function}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A nanobody specific to prefusion glycoprotein b neutralizes HSV-1 and HSV-2. NATURE, 646(8084), 433-441. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nine human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus, present a significant burden to global public health1. Their envelopes contain at least ten different glycoproteins, which are necessary for host cell tropism, attachment and entry2. The best conserved among them, glycoprotein B (gB), is essential as it performs membrane fusion by undergoing extensive rearrangements from a prefusion to postfusion conformation. At present, there are no antiviral drugs targeting gB or neutralizing antibodies directed against its prefusion form, because of the difficulty in structurally determining and using this metastable conformation. Here we show the isolation of prefusion-specific nanobodies, one of which exhibits strong neutralizing and cross-species activity. By mutational stabilization we solved the herpes simplex virus 1 gB full-length prefusion structure, which allowed the bound epitope to be determined. Our analyses show the membrane-embedded regions of gB and previously unresolved structural features3,4, including a new fusion loop arrangement, providing insights into the initial conformational changes required for membrane fusion. Binding an epitope spanning three domains, proximal only in the prefusion state, the nanobody keeps wild-type HSV-2 gB in this conformation and enabled its native prefusion structure to be determined. This also indicates the mode of neutralization and an attractive avenue for antiviral interventions. A neutralizing nanobody specific to the prefusion conformation of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B has cross-species activity and offers insights into virus neutralization, possible immunogens and an attractive avenue for antiviral interventions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vollmer, Benjamin and Ebel, Henriette and Rees, Renate and Nentwig, Julia and Mulvaney, Thomas and Schünemann, Jürgen and Krull, Jens and Topf, Maya and Görlich, Dirk and Grünewald, Kay}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09438-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {433-441}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A nanobody specific to prefusion glycoprotein b neutralizes HSV-1 and HSV-2}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Discovery of a widespread chemical signalling pathway in the bacteroidota. NATURE, 646(8084), 423-432. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Considerable advances have been made in characterizing bioactive molecules secreted by bacteria, yet the regulatory elements controlling their production remain largely understudied. Here we identify and characterize the N-acyl-cyclolysine (ACL) system—a cell-density-dependent chemical signalling system specific to and widespread in the phylum Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes)—and show that it regulates the expression of co-localized operons encoding diverse secreted molecules. Using genetic and biochemical analyses, combined with structural studies of a key biosynthetic enzyme, AclA, we elucidate the molecular structure of various ACLs and their complete biosynthetic pathway involving l-lysine acylation and ATP-dependent cyclization. Furthermore, we find that secreted ACLs are sensed by a dedicated transcription factor, AclR, resulting in the expression of associated operons and the autoinduction of ACL biosynthesis. Moreover, we show that different Bacteroidota strains produce structurally diverse ACLs and encode transcription factors with varying ligand specificities. Finally, we find that the acl circuit is widely distributed and transcribed in human gut and oral microbiome samples, with clear evidence for an active role in regulating associated operons under host colonization conditions. Understanding the function of the ACL system in different contexts has the potential to reveal details about the biology, ecology and chemistry of the Bacteroidota and how members of this phylum interact with their environments and hosts. The N-acyl-cyclolysine system regulates the expression of co-localized operons encoding diverse secreted molecules in Bacteroidota.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Linares-Otoya, Luis and Shirkey, Jaden D. and Chhetri, Bhuwan Khatri and Mira, Amira and Biswas, Abhishek and Neff, Samuel L. and Linares-Otoya, Maria V. and Chen, Ye and Campos-Florian, Julio V. and Ganoza-Yupanqui, Mayar L. and Jeffrey, Philip D. and Hughson, Frederick M. and Donia, Mohamed S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09418-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {423-432}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Discovery of a widespread chemical signalling pathway in the bacteroidota}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rewiring of cortical glucose metabolism fuels human brain cancer growth. NATURE, 646(8084), 413-422. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The brain avidly consumes glucose to fuel neurophysiology1. Cancers of the brain, such as glioblastoma, relinquish physiological integrity and gain the ability to proliferate and invade healthy tissue2. How brain cancers rewire glucose use to drive aggressive growth remains unclear. Here we infused 13C-labelled glucose into patients and mice with brain cancer, coupled with quantitative metabolic flux analysis, to map the fates of glucose-derived carbon in tumour versus cortex. Through direct and comprehensive measurements of carbon and nitrogen labelling in both cortex and glioma tissues, we identify profound metabolic transformations. In the human cortex, glucose carbons fuel essential physiological processes, including tricarboxylic acid cycle oxidation and neurotransmitter synthesis. Conversely, gliomas downregulate these processes and scavenge alternative carbon sources such as amino acids from the environment, repurposing glucose-derived carbons to generate molecules needed for proliferation and invasion. Targeting this metabolic rewiring in mice through dietary amino acid modulation selectively alters glioblastoma metabolism, slows tumour growth and augments the efficacy of standard-of-care treatments. These findings illuminate how aggressive brain tumours exploit glucose to suppress normal physiological activity in favour of malignant expansion and offer potential therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment outcomes. The cortex fuels essential physiological processes with glucose-derived carbon, while gliomas fuel their aggressiveness by rerouting glucose carbon pathways and scavenging alternative carbon sources such as environmental amino acids, providing a potential therapeutic target.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Scott, Andrew J. and Mittal, Anjali and Meghdadi, Baharan and O’Brien, Alexandra and Bailleul, Justine and Sravya, Palavalasa and Achreja, Abhinav and Zhou, Weihua and Xu, Jie and Lin, Angelica and Wilder-Romans, Kari and Liang, Ningning and Kothari, Ayesha U. and Korimerla, Navyateja and Edwards, Donna M. and Wu, Zhe and Feng, Jiane and Su, Sophia and Zhang, Li and Sajjakulnukit, Peter and Andren, Anthony C. and Park, Junyoung O. and ten Hoeve, Johanna and Tarnal, Vijay and Redic, Kimberly A. and Qi, Nathan R. and Fischer, Joshua L. and Yang, Ethan and Regan, Michael S. and Stopka, Sylwia A. and Baquer, Gerard and Suresh, Krithika and Sarkaria, Jann N. and Lawrence, Theodore S. and Venneti, Sriram and Agar, Nathalie Y. R. and Vlashi, Erina and Lyssiotis, Costas A. and Al-Holou, Wajd N. and Nagrath, Deepak and Wahl, Daniel R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09460-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {413-422}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rewiring of cortical glucose metabolism fuels human brain cancer growth}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SLC45A4 is a pain gene encoding a neuronal polyamine transporter. NATURE, 646(8084), 404-412. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Polyamines are regulatory metabolites with key roles in transcription, translation, cell signalling and autophagy1. They are implicated in multiple neurological disorders, including stroke, epilepsy and neurodegeneration, and can regulate neuronal excitability through interactions with ion channels2. Polyamines have been linked to pain, showing altered levels in human persistent pain states and modulation of pain behaviour in animal models3. However, the systems governing polyamine transport within the nervous system remain unclear. Here, undertaking a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic pain intensity in the UK Biobank (UKB), we found a significant association between pain intensity and variants mapping to the SLC45A4 gene locus. In the mouse nervous system, Slc45a4 expression is enriched in all sensory neuron subtypes within the dorsal root ganglion, including nociceptors. Cell-based assays show that SLC45A4 is a selective plasma membrane polyamine transporter, and the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure reveals a regulatory domain and basis for polyamine recognition. Mice lacking SLC45A4 show normal mechanosensitivity but reduced sensitivity to noxious heat- and algogen-induced tonic pain that is associated with reduced excitability of C-polymodal nociceptors. Our findings therefore establish a role for neuronal polyamine transport in pain perception and identify a target for therapeutic intervention in pain treatment. The SLC45A4 gene encodes a neuronal polyamine transporter and is linked to pain response in humans and mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Middleton, Steven J. and Markússon, Sigurbjörn and Åkerlund, Mikael and Deme, Justin C. and Tseng, Mandy and Li, Wenqianglong and Zuberi, Sana R. and Kuteyi, Gabriel and Sarkies, Peter and Baskozos, Georgios and Perez-Sanchez, Jimena and Farah, Adham and Hébert, Harry L. and Toikumo, Sylvanus and Yu, Zhanru and Maxwell, Susan and Dong, Yin Y. and Kessler, Benedikt M. and Kranzler, Henry R. and Linley, John E. and Smith, Blair H. and Lea, Susan M. and Parker, Joanne L. and Lyssenko, Valeriya and Newstead, Simon and Bennett, David L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09326-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {404-412}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SLC45A4 is a pain gene encoding a neuronal polyamine transporter}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A circuit that integrates drive state and social contact to gate mating. NATURE, 646(8084), 394-403. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Internal motive states, such as sexual arousal, drive behaviour in response to social cues. However, little is known about how internal states and external cues are integrated to release appropriate behaviours at the correct moment during a social interaction, such as the transition from the appetitive to the consummatory phases of mating1,2. Here we identify a neural circuit in male mice that gates the onset of consummatory reproductive behaviours on contact with a mating partner. Stimulating MPOAEsr1∩Vgat hypothalamic neurons promotes mounting of conspecifics and three-dimensional dummy objects3. We find that such mounting depends on mechanosensory but not visual cues. Through a large-scale electrophysiological screen, we identify neurons in the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus that nonlinearly integrate medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (MPOA) and mechanosensory input to encode contact with a potential mate. Circuit tracing and perturbations demonstrated that this conjunctive coding occurs by means of convergent disinhibition from MPOA and excitation from the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Functional manipulations and calcium recordings showed these social-contact neurons, marked by parathyroid hormone 2, were essential for and able to promote mounting. These data indicate that subparafascicular thalamic nucleus-parathyroid hormone 2 neurons integrate internal drive with social touch to trigger mounting at opportune moments during mating. More generally, our findings uncover a brain mechanism whereby an internal state can attribute a social quality to a generic touch to initiate purposeful reproductive actions. Analyses of consummatory reproductive behaviours in male mice uncover a brain mechanism whereby an internal state can attribute a social quality to a generic touch to initiate purposeful reproductive actions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Salay, Lindsey D. and Tsao, Doris Y. and Anderson, David J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09327-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {394-403}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A circuit that integrates drive state and social contact to gate mating}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of slavs. NATURE, 646(8084), 384-393. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The second half of the first millennium ce in Central and Eastern Europe was accompanied by fundamental cultural and political transformations. This period of change is commonly associated with the appearance of the Slavs, which is supported by textual evidence1,2 and coincides with the emergence of similar archaeological horizons3–6. However, so far there has been no consensus on whether this archaeological horizon spread by migration, Slavicisation or a combination of both. Genetic data remain sparse, especially owing to the widespread practice of cremation in the early phase of the Slavic settlement. Here we present genome-wide data from 555 ancient individuals, including 359 samples from Slavic contexts from as early as the seventh century ce. Our data demonstrate large-scale population movement from Eastern Europe during the sixth to eighth centuries, replacing more than 80% of the local gene pool in Eastern Germany, Poland and Croatia. Yet, we also show substantial regional heterogeneity as well as a lack of sex-biased admixture, indicating varying degrees of cultural assimilation of the autochthonous populations. Comparing archaeological and genetic evidence, we find that the change in ancestry in Eastern Germany coincided with a change in social organization, characterized by an intensification of inter- and intra-site genetic relatedness and patrilocality. On the European scale, it appears plausible that the changes in material culture and language between the sixth and eighth centuries were connected to these large-scale population movements. Analyses of ancient human DNA show that cultural and political transformations in Central Europe during the second half of the first millennium ce were associated with movements of Slavic populations into Germany, Poland and Croatia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gretzinger, Joscha and Biermann, Felix and Mager, Hellen and King, Benedict and Zlámalová, Denisa and Traverso, Luca and Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido A. and Peltola, Sanni and Salmela, Elina and Neumann, Gunnar U. and Radzeviciute, Rita and Ingrová, Pavlína and Liwoch, Radosław and Wronka, Iwona and Jurić, Radomir and Hyrchała, Anna and Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska, Barbara and Bartecki, Bartłomiej and Borowska, Beata and Dzieńkowski, Tomasz and Wołoszyn, Marcin and Wojenka, Michał and Wilczyński, Jarosław and Kot, Małgorzata and Müller, Eric and Orschiedt, Jörg and Zariņa, Gunita and Onkamo, Päivi and Daim, Falko and Muhl, Arnold and Schwarz, Ralf and Majer, Marek and McCormick, Michael and Květina, Jan and Vida, Tivadar and Geary, Patrick J. and Macháček, Jiří and Šlaus, Mario and Meller, Harald and Pohl, Walter and Hofmanová, Zuzana and Krause, Johannes}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09437-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {384-393}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of slavs}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hominins on sulawesi during the early pleistocene. NATURE, 646(8084), 378-383. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The dispersal of archaic hominins beyond mainland Southeast Asia (Sunda)1 represents the earliest evidence for humans crossing ocean barriers to reach isolated landmasses2–4. Previously, the oldest indication of hominins in Wallacea, the oceanic island zone east of Sunda, comprised flaked stone artefacts deposited at least 1.02 ± 0.02 million years ago (Ma) at Wolo Sege on Flores5. Early hominins were also established on the oceanic island of Luzon (Philippines), as indicated by both stone artefacts and cut marks on faunal remains dating to between 777 and 631 thousand years ago (ka) at Kalinga6. Moreover, fossils of extinct, small-bodied hominins occur on Flores (Homo floresiensis)7–12 and Luzon (Homo luzonensis)13. On Sulawesi, the largest Wallacean island, previous excavations revealed stone artefacts with a minimum age of 194 ka at the open site of Talepu in the Walanae Depression14, long preceding the earliest known presence of modern humans (Homo sapiens) in the region (73–63 ka in Sunda)15. Here we show that stone artefacts also occur at the nearby site of Calio in fossiliferous layers dated to at least 1.04 Ma and possibly up to 1.48 Ma, using palaeomagnetic dating of sedimentary rocks and coupled Uranium-series (U-series) and electron-spin resonance (US–ESR) dating of fossil teeth. The discovery of Early Pleistocene artefacts at Calio suggests that Sulawesi was populated by hominins at around the same time as Flores, if not earlier. Early Pleistocene artefacts at Calio suggest that Sulawesi was populated by hominins at around the same time as Flores, if not earlier.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hakim, Budianto and Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo and van den Bergh, Gerrit D. and Yurnaldi, Dida and Joannes-Boyau, Renaud and Duli, Akin and Suryatman and Sardi, Ratno and Nurani, Indah Asikin and Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki and Mahmud, Irfan and Haris, Afdalah and Anshari, Khairun Al and Saiful, Andi Muhammad and Arman Bungaran, P. and Adhityatama, Shinatria and Muhammad, Putra Hudlinas and Akib, Anwar and Somba, Nani and Fakhri and Burhan, Basran and Mas’ud, Zubair and Moore, Mark W. and Perston, Yinika L. and Yu, Wenjing and Aubert, Maxime and Brumm, Adam}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09348-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {378-383}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hominins on sulawesi during the early pleistocene}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One mother for two species via obligate cross-species cloning in ants. NATURE, 646(8084), 372-377. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Living organisms are assumed to produce same-species offspring1,2. Here, we report a shift from this norm in Messor ibericus, an ant that lays individuals from two distinct species. In this life cycle, females must clone males of another species because they require their sperm to produce the worker caste. As a result, males from the same mother exhibit distinct genomes and morphologies, as they belong to species that diverged over 5 million years ago. The evolutionary history of this system appears as sexual parasitism3 that evolved into a natural case of cross-species cloning4,5, resulting in the maintenance of a male-only lineage cloned through distinct species’ ova. We term females exhibiting this reproductive mode as xenoparous, meaning they give birth to other species as part of their life cycle. In a case of obligate cross-species cloning, female ants of Messor ibericus need to clone males of Messor structor to obtain sperm for producing the worker caste, resulting in males from the same mother having distinct genomes and morphologies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Juvé, Y. and Lutrat, C. and Ha, A. and Weyna, A. and Lauroua, E. and Afonso Silva, A. C. and Roux, C. and Schifani, E. and Galkowski, C. and Lebas, C. and Allio, R. and Stoyanov, I. and Galtier, N. and Schlick-Steiner, B. C. and Steiner, F. M. and Baas, D. and Kaufmann, B. and Romiguier, J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09425-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {372-377}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One mother for two species via obligate cross-species cloning in ants}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineered yeast provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybees. NATURE, 646(8084), 365-371. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Honeybees are important crop pollinators, but they increasingly face pollen starvation as a result of agricultural intensification and climate change1. Frequent flowering dearth periods and high-density rearing conditions weaken colonies, which often leads to their demise2. Beekeepers provide colonies with pollen substitutes, but these feeds do not sustain brood production because they lack essential sterols found in pollen3,4. Here we describe a technological advance in honeybee nutrition with wide-reaching impacts on global food security. We first measured the quantity and proportion of sterols present in honeybee tissues. Using this information, we genetically engineered a strain of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce a mixture of essential sterols for bees and incorporated this yeast strain into an otherwise nutritionally complete diet. Colonies exclusively fed with this diet reared brood for significantly longer than those fed diets without suitable sterols. The use of this method to incorporate sterol supplements into pollen substitutes will enable honeybee colonies to produce brood in the absence of floral pollen. Optimized diets created using this yeast strain could also reduce competition between bee species for access to natural floral resources and stem the decline in wild bee populations. Genetic engineering of a yeast strain provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybee colonies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moore, Elynor and de Sousa, Raquel T. and Felsinger, Stella and Arnesen, Jonathan A. and Dyekjær, Jane D. and Farman, Dudley I. and Gonçalves, Rui F. S. and Stevenson, Philip C. and Borodina, Irina and Wright, Geraldine A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09431-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {365-371}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineered yeast provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybees}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Epidemiology models explain rumour spreading during france’s great fear of 1789. NATURE, 646(8084), 358-364. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Great Fear of 1789, a wave of panic and unrest in rural France fuelled by the spreading of rumours, was an important moment at the onset of the French Revolution, marking the collapse of feudalism and the rise of the new regime1. The Great Fear provides a vivid example of the role the spreading of rumours has in driving political changes that might be relevant today2,3. Here, we collect existing historical records related to the Great Fear and use epidemiology tools and models4 to reconstruct the network of its transmission from town to town. In this way, we quantify the spatiotemporal spread of the rumours and compute key epidemiological parameters, such as the basic reproduction number. Exploiting information on the structure of the road network in eighteenth century France5, we estimate the most probable diffusion paths of the Great Fear and quantify the distribution of spreading velocities. By endowing the nodes in our reconstructed network with indicators related to the institutional, demographic and socio-economic conditions of the time6, including literacy, population size, political participation, wheat prices7,8, income and ownership laws9, and the unequal distribution of land ownership, we compute factors associated with spread of the Great Fear. Our analysis sheds light on unresolved historiographic issues on the significance of the Great Fear for the French Revolution, providing a quantitative answer to the unresolved debate between the role of emotions and rationality in explaining its diffusion. Epidemiological methods are used to show that the Great Fear of 1789, a series of peasant insurrections in rural revolutionary France, was driven by deliberate political action rather than spontaneous fear.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zapperi, Stefano and Varlet-Bertrand, Constant and Bastidon, Cécile and La Porta, Caterina A. M. and Parent, Antoine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09392-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {358-364}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Epidemiology models explain rumour spreading during france’s great fear of 1789}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scalable total synthesis of saxitoxin and related natural products. NATURE, 646(8084), 351-357. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Saxitoxin (STX, 1), a potent neurotoxin from shellfish, first isolated in 1957 (ref. 1), offers immense pharmaceutical potential owing to its interaction with voltage-gated sodium channels2, which are ubiquitously present in all excitable cells of the central and peripheral nervous system3. Hundreds of studies towards its synthesis have been disclosed so far, yet a fully modular and scalable approach to the family remains elusive4–12. Here we show how a tactical combination of radical retrosynthesis, biocatalysis and C–H functionalization logic can be used to solve this problem, resulting in a scalable approach to the STX family in fewer than ten steps, including the first total synthesis of neosaxitoxin (neoSTX, 4), a hydroxylated naturally occurring STX analogue previously under clinical investigation13. The modular nature of the synthesis enables access to diverse analogues that were previously inaccessible and have now been evaluated through electrophysiological assays for biological activity. Using a combination of radical retrosynthesis, biocatalysis and C–H functionalization logic, a concise and scalable approach to the synthesis of saxitoxin and derivatives thereof in fewer than ten steps is presented.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Yinliang and Li, Yiheng and Chen, Sihan and Wu, Yige and Poll, Oscar and Ren, Zhouyang and Liu, Zhonglin and Vlkolinsky, Roman and Bajo, Michal and Prier, Christopher K. and Xiao, Kai-Jiong and Cravatt, Benjamin F. and Roberto, Marisa and Baran, Phil S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09551-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {351-357}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scalable total synthesis of saxitoxin and related natural products}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tailoring polymer electrolyte solvation for 600 wh kg−1 lithium batteries. NATURE, 646(8084), 343-350. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Polymer electrolytes paired with lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide (LRMO) cathodes and anode-free cell design are considered one of the most promising high-energy-density and high-safety systems1–4. However, the unstable anode morphological changes and the irreversible anionic reactions at the electrolyte–cathode interfaces induce oxygen escape and catalytic decomposition of polymer electrolytes, resulting in severe interfacial degradation and poor cycling stability. Here we design an in-built fluoropolyether-based polymer electrolyte composed of strongly solvating polyether and weakly solvating fluorohydrocarbon pendants, creating an anion-rich solvation structure and thus anion-derived fluorine-rich interfacial layers on the cathode and anode to resist interfacial issues. The LRMO cathode exhibits improved oxygen redox reversibility with substantially reduced oxygen-involving interfacial side reactions. This quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte with 30 wt% trimethyl phosphate enables an LRMO cathode with a reversible high-areal-capacity cycling (>8 mAh cm−2) in pouch cells and long-term stability (>500 cycles at 25 °C) in coin cells, respectively. The pouch cells exhibit an energy density of 604 Wh kg−1 (1,027 Wh l−1) and excellent safety under a nail penetration at a fully charged condition. Our work, therefore, provides a promising direction for creating practical high-energy-density and high-safety lithium batteries. An in-built fluoropolyether-based quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte enables high-capacity lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxide cathodes with stable interfaces, achieving 604 Wh kg−1 pouch-cell energy density.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Xue-Yan and Zhao, Chen-Zi and Kong, Wei-Jin and Yao, Nan and Shuang, Zong-Yao and Xu, Pan and Sun, Shuo and Lu, Yang and Huang, Wen-Ze and Li, Jin-Liang and Shen, Liang and Chen, Xiang and Huang, Jia-Qi and Archer, Lynden A. and Zhang, Qiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09565-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {343-350}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tailoring polymer electrolyte solvation for 600 wh kg−1 lithium batteries}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A room temperature rechargeable all-solid-state hydride ion battery. NATURE, 646(8084), 338-342. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As a negative charge carrier, the hydride ion (H−) is more energetic, polarizable and reactive than cations1. An H−-mediated electrochemical process is fundamentally different from existing systems and enables the development of innovative electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells and gas separation membranes2. Here we developed a core-shell hydride 3CeH3@BaH2, which exhibits fast H− conduction at ambient temperature and becomes a superionic conductor above 60 °C. This hydride allows us to construct an all-solid-state rechargeable H− battery CeH2|3CeH3@BaH2|NaAlH4, which operates at ambient conditions using NaAlH4 and CeH2 as cathode and anode materials, respectively. This battery has an initial specific capacity of 984 mAh g−1 and retains 402 mAh g−1 after 20 cycles. Using hydrogen as charge carriers can avoid the formation of detrimental metal dendrites, in principle, which creates new research avenues for clean energy storage and conversion. A core-shell hydride 3CeH3@BaH2, which exhibits fast H− conduction at ambient temperature and becomes a superionic conductor above 60 °C, is used to construct an all-solid-state rechargeable H− battery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cui, Jirong and Zou, Ren and Zhang, Weijin and Wen, Hong and Liu, Jinyao and Wang, Shangshang and Liu, Shukun and Chen, Hetong and Liu, Wei and Ju, Xiaohua and Wang, Weiwei and Gan, Tao and Li, Jiong and Guo, Jianping and He, Teng and Cao, Hujun and Chen, Ping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09561-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {338-342}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A room temperature rechargeable all-solid-state hydride ion battery}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A ductile chromium–molybdenum alloy resistant to high-temperature oxidation. NATURE, 646(8084), 331-337. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Even with the rapid development of renewable energy sources, improving the efficiency of energy conversion from fossil or synthetic fuels remains a challenge because, for example, combustion engines in long-range aircraft will still be needed in the upcoming decades1. Increasing their operating temperatures (1,050–1,150 °C (refs. 2–4)) is one option. This requires replacing single-crystalline Ni-based superalloys in the hottest sections of turbines by refractory-element-based materials, which exhibit much higher solidus temperatures beyond 2,000 °C (refs. 5–7). Here we introduce a single-phase Cr-36.1Mo-3Si (at.%) alloy that meets, for the first time, to our knowledge, the most important critical requirements for refractory-element-based materials: (1) relevant resistance against pesting, nitridation and scale spallation at elevated temperatures, minimum up to 1,100 °C, and (2) sufficient compression ductility at room temperature. Although strength and creep resistance in such alloys were already superior to Ni-based superalloys in several cases, oxidation/corrosion resistance, mandatory to withstand the combustion atmosphere, and ductility/toughness, needed for damage tolerance and device setting, still pose barriers for the development or application of refractory-element-based candidate materials. Any previous successful attempts to address the otherwise catastrophic oxidation of Mo and nitridation of Cr during oxidation suffered from a loss in ductility at ambient temperatures. A single-phase chromium–molybdenum–silicon alloy is described that exhibits compression ductility at room temperature as well as resistance to oxidation, pesting, nitridation and scale spallation at temperatures up to at least 1,100 °C.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hinrichs, Frauke and Winkens, Georg and Kramer, Lena Katharina and Falcão, Gabriely and Hahn, Ewa M. and Schliephake, Daniel and Eusterholz, Michael Konrad and Sen, Sandipan and Galetz, Mathias Christian and Inui, Haruyuki and Kauffmann, Alexander and Heilmaier, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09516-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {331-337}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A ductile chromium–molybdenum alloy resistant to high-temperature oxidation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Isothermal solidification for high-entropy alloy synthesis. NATURE, 646(8084), 323-330. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Kinetically trapping the high-temperature states through rapid cooling solidification is widely used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), especially those with intrinsically immiscible elemental combinations1–4. However, strategies need to be developed to overcome the fundamental limitations of rapid cooling solidification in controlling the crystallinity, structure and morphology of HEAs. Here we introduce an isothermal solidification strategy for the synthesis of HEAs by rapidly altering the metal alloy composition through liquid–liquid interface reactions at low temperatures, for example, from 25 °C to 80 °C. We use gallium (Ga)-based metal as the sacrificial reagent and mixing medium. By directing the reactions to the interfaces between the Ga-based liquid metal and an aqueous metal ion solution, the foreign metal ions can be reduced at the interfaces and incorporated into the liquid metal quickly. HEAs with various crystallinity (single crystal, mesocrystal, polycrystal and amorphous), morphology (zero, two and three dimensions) and compositions can be achieved through the isothermal solidification. Ga can be completely consumed, resulting in Ga-free HEAs. If desired, Ga can be one of the metal elements in the final products. In situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and theoretical analysis show the isothermal solidification mechanisms. Our direct observations show the enhanced mixing of liquid metal elements and the solidification process with fluctuating nucleation dynamics. The isothermal solidification marks a powerful strategy for HEA synthesis through an unexplored pathway of kinetically trapping the high-entropy states. Gallium is used as a sacrificial agent and mixing medium for the isothermal solidification synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanomaterials with diverse crystallinities and morphologies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Qiubo and Gallant, Max C. and Chen, Yi and Song, Zhigang and Liu, Yang and Zheng, Qi and Chen, Linfeng and Bustillo, Karen. C. and Huang, Yu and Persson, Kristin A. and Zheng, Haimei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09530-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {323-330}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Isothermal solidification for high-entropy alloy synthesis}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heat-rechargeable computation in DNA logic circuits and neural networks. NATURE, 646(8084), 315-322. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metabolism enables life to sustain dynamics and to repeatedly interact with the environment by storing and consuming chemical energy. A major challenge for artificial molecular machines is to find a universal energy source akin to ATP for biological organisms and electricity for electromechanical machines. More than 20 years ago, DNA was first used as fuel to drive nanomechanical devices1,2 and catalytic reactions3. However, each system requires distinct fuel sequences, preventing DNA alone from becoming a universal energy source. Despite extensive efforts4, we still lack an ATP-like or electricity-like power supply to sustain diverse molecular machines. Here we show that heat can restore enzyme-free DNA circuits from equilibrium to out-of-equilibrium states. During heating and cooling, nucleic acids with strong secondary structures reach kinetically trapped states5,6, providing energy for subsequent computation. We demonstrate that complex logic circuits and neural networks, involving more than 200 distinct molecular species, can respond to a temperature ramp and recharge within minutes, allowing at least 16 rounds of computation with varying sequential inputs. Our strategy enables diverse systems to be powered by the same energy source without problematic waste build-up, thereby ensuring consistent performance over time. This scalable approach supports the sustained operation of enzyme-free molecular circuits and opens opportunities for advanced autonomous behaviours, such as iterative computation and unsupervised learning in artificial chemical systems. Heat recharges enzyme-free DNA circuits, enabling complex logic operations and neural networks to perform multiple computations, offering a universal energy source for molecular machines and advancing autonomous behaviours in artificial chemical systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Tianqi and Qian, Lulu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09570-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {315-322}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heat-rechargeable computation in DNA logic circuits and neural networks}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum-amplified global-phase spectroscopy on an optical clock transition. NATURE, 646(8084), 309-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Optical lattice clocks are at the forefront of precision metrology1–6, operating near a standard quantum limit set by quantum noise4,7. Harnessing quantum entanglement offers a promising route to surpass this limit8–15; however, there are practical difficulties in terms of scalability and measurement resolution requirements16,17. Here we adapt the holonomic quantum gate concept18 to develop a new Rabi-type ‘global-phase spectroscopy’ that uses the detuning-sensitive global Aharonov–Anandan phase19. With this approach, we can demonstrate quantum-amplified time-reversal spectroscopy on an optical clock transition that achieves directly measured 2.4(7) dB metrological gain and 4.0(8) dB improvement in laser noise sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. To this end, we introduce rotary echo to protect the dynamics from inhomogeneities in light–atom coupling and implement a laser-noise-cancelling differential measurement through symmetric phase encoding in two nuclear spin states. Our technique is not limited by measurement resolution, scales easily because of the global nature of entangling interaction and exhibits high resilience to typical experimental imperfections. We expect it to be broadly applicable to next-generation atomic clocks and other quantum sensors approaching the fundamental quantum precision limits20–22. The precision of determining the phase of an optical atomic clock is increased above the standard quantum limit in a new spectroscopic method.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zaporski, Leon and Liu, Qi and Velez, Gustavo and Radzihovsky, Matthew and Li, Zeyang and Colombo, Simone and Pedrozo-Peñafiel, Edwin and Vuletić, Vladan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09578-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {309-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum-amplified global-phase spectroscopy on an optical clock transition}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Low-overhead transversal fault tolerance for universal quantum computation. NATURE, 646(8084), 303-308. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers1–3. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, we can achieve low logical error rates. However, for many practical quantum error correction codes such as the surface code, owing to syndrome measurement errors, standard constructions require multiple extraction rounds—of the order of the code distance d—for fault-tolerant computation, particularly considering fault-tolerant state preparation4–12. Here we show that logical operations can be performed fault-tolerantly with only a constant number of extraction rounds for a broad class of quantum error correction codes, including the surface code with magic state inputs and feedforward, to achieve ‘transversal algorithmic fault tolerance’. Through the combination of transversal operations7 and new strategies for correlated decoding13, despite only having access to partial syndrome information, we prove that the deviation from the ideal logical measurement distribution can be made exponentially small in the distance, even if the instantaneous quantum state cannot be made close to a logical codeword because of measurement errors. We supplement this proof with circuit-level simulations in a range of relevant settings, demonstrating the fault tolerance and competitive performance of our approach. Our work sheds new light on the theory of quantum fault tolerance and has the potential to reduce the space–time cost of practical fault-tolerant quantum computation by over an order of magnitude. Logical operations can be performed fault-tolerantly with only a constant number of syndrome extraction rounds for a broad class of quantum error correction codes, including the surface code with magic state inputs and feedforward, to achieve ‘transversal algorithmic fault tolerance’.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Hengyun and Zhao, Chen and Cain, Madelyn and Bluvstein, Dolev and Maskara, Nishad and Duckering, Casey and Hu, Hong-Ye and Wang, Sheng-Tao and Kubica, Aleksander and Lukin, Mikhail D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09543-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {303-308}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Low-overhead transversal fault tolerance for universal quantum computation}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Southward impact excavated magma ocean at the lunar south Pole–Aitken basin. NATURE, 646(8084), 297-302. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ancient South Pole–Aitken impact basin provides a key data point for our understanding of the evolution of the Moon, as it formed during the earliest pre-Nectarian epoch of lunar history1, excavated more deeply than any other known impact basin2,3 and is found on the lunar far side, about which less is known than the well-explored near side. Here we show that the tapering of the basin outline and the more gradual topographic and crustal thickness transition towards the south support a southward impact trajectory, opposite of that commonly assumed. A broad thorium-rich and iron-rich ejecta deposit southwest of the basin is consistent with partial excavation of late-stage magma ocean liquids. These observations indicate that thorium-rich magma ocean liquids persisted only beneath the southwestern half of the basin at the time of impact, matching predictions for the transition from a global magma ocean to a local enrichment of potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) in the near-side Procellarum KREEP Terrane. These results have important implications for the upcoming human exploration of the lunar south pole by Artemis, as proposed landing sites are now recognized to sit on the downrange rim and thorium-rich impact ejecta of the basin. Observations of the shape, topography, crustal thickness and surface composition of the South Pole–Aitken impact basin on the Moon suggest a southward impact trajectory and the excavation of a discontinuous remnant magma ocean from beneath the crust.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C. and Bottke, William F. and Broquet, Adrien and Evans, Alexander J. and Gowman, Gabriel and Johnson, Brandon C. and Keane, James T. and Levin, Janette N. and Mallik, Ananya and Marchi, Simone and Moruzzi, Samantha A. and Roy, Arkadeep and Wakita, Shigeru}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09582-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {297-302}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Southward impact excavated magma ocean at the lunar south Pole–Aitken basin}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA clarifies the early history of the slavs. NATURE, 646(8084), 295-296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A study examines the emergence of a group that sparked a fundamental change in lifestyle in Central and Eastern Europe in the sixth century. A study examines the emergence of a group that sparked a fundamental change in lifestyle in Central and Eastern Europe in the sixth century.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Patzold, Steffen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02525-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {295-296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA clarifies the early history of the slavs}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sacrificial metal speeds up synthesis of nano-alloys from multiple elements. NATURE, 646(8084), 293-295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An approach for making nanoscale high-entropy alloys using liquid metal provides much-needed control over the structure and composition of these remarkable materials. An approach for making nanoscale high-entropy alloys using liquid metal provides much-needed control over the structure and composition of these remarkable materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kang, Yunqing and Yamauchi, Yusuke}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02973-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {293-295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sacrificial metal speeds up synthesis of nano-alloys from multiple elements}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Depriving brain tumours of an amino acid could enhance chemotherapy. NATURE, 646(8084), 292-293. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, depends on the amino acid serine as a fuel source. A serine-deficient diet has been shown to slow tumour growth in mice. Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, depends on the amino acid serine as a fuel source. A serine-deficient diet has been shown to slow tumour growth in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mobilio, Daniel and Singh, Sheila}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02531-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {292-293}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Depriving brain tumours of an amino acid could enhance chemotherapy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protests are infectious: Mapping rural unrest in revolutionary france. NATURE, 646(8084), 290-291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers have used epidemiological models to determine whether the wave of riots in 1789 known as the Great Fear spread through irrational panic or rational protest. Researchers have used epidemiological models to determine whether the wave of riots in 1789 known as the Great Fear spread through irrational panic or rational protest.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goldstone, Jack A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02526-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {290-291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protests are infectious: Mapping rural unrest in revolutionary france}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ant queens produce sons of two distinct species. NATURE, 646(8084), 289-290. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of an unusual reproductive system for one ant species solves a long-standing puzzle about a missing population of another ant species. The discovery of an unusual reproductive system for one ant species solves a long-standing puzzle about a missing population of another ant species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Purcell, Jessica}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02524-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {289-290}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ant queens produce sons of two distinct species}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Insect biodiversity monitoring must be expanded. NATURE, 646(8084), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wyckhuys, Kris A. G. and Basset, Yves and Lewis, Owen T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03107-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Insect biodiversity monitoring must be expanded}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Incentives accelerate progress on open access in spain. NATURE, 646(8084), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arroyo-Machado, Wenceslao and Torres-Salinas, Daniel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03276-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Incentives accelerate progress on open access in spain}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stop destructive fishing in marine protected areas. NATURE, 646(8084), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sullivan-Stack, Jenna and Estradivari and Pike, Elizabeth P. and Stephenson, Fabrice}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03277-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stop destructive fishing in marine protected areas}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbe discovery holds promise for sustainable biotechnology. NATURE, 646(8084), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Jie and Liu, Shuwen and Song, Hao and Ding, Shiming}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03278-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbe discovery holds promise for sustainable biotechnology}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Customizable AI systems that anyone can adapt bring big opportunities — And even bigger risks. NATURE, 646(8084), 286-287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Open and adaptable artificial-intelligence models are crucial for scientific progress, but robust safeguards against their misuse are still nascent. Open and adaptable artificial-intelligence models are crucial for scientific progress, but robust safeguards against their misuse are still nascent.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gal, Yarin and Casper, Stephen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03228-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {286-287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Customizable AI systems that anyone can adapt bring big opportunities — And even bigger risks}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stop treating code like an afterthought: Record, share and value it. NATURE, 646(8084), 284-286. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists, research institutions, funders, libraries and publishers must all improve software practices. Scientists, research institutions, funders, libraries and publishers must all improve software practices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Di Cosmo, Roberto and Granger, Sabrina and Hinsen, Konrad and Jullien, Nicolas and Le Berre, Daniel and Louvet, Violaine and Maumet, Camille and Maurice, Clémentine and Monat, Raphaël and Rougier, Nicolas P.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03196-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {284-286}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stop treating code like an afterthought: Record, share and value it}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Violin therapy: Books in brief. NATURE, 646(8084), 283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03226-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Violin therapy: Books in brief}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The cutting-edge medical approaches that could transform ageing. NATURE, 646(8084), 281-283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An optimistic take on the state of the longevity field provides hope for treating a range of ageing-related diseases — but feels at odds with the current shape of US research. An optimistic take on the state of the longevity field provides hope for treating a range of ageing-related diseases — but feels at odds with the current shape of US research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Murphy, Coleen T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03225-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {281-283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The cutting-edge medical approaches that could transform ageing}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). From fossil fuels to ‘green capitalism’: The dilemmas of a just energy transition. NATURE, 646(8084), 279-280. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Greening the global economy does not have to be done through unjust fuel extraction; societies can choose fairer paths to net-zero emissions. Greening the global economy does not have to be done through unjust fuel extraction; societies can choose fairer paths to net-zero emissions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalantzakos, Sophia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03224-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {279-280}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {From fossil fuels to ‘green capitalism’: The dilemmas of a just energy transition}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will AI ever win its own nobel? some predict a prize-worthy science discovery soon. NATURE, 646(8084), 276-278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Other researchers question whether autonomous AI scientists are possible or even desirable. Other researchers question whether autonomous AI scientists are possible or even desirable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03223-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {276-278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will AI ever win its own nobel? some predict a prize-worthy science discovery soon}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI models that lie, cheat and plot murder: How dangerous are LLMs really?. NATURE, 646(8084), 272-275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tests of large language models reveal that they can behave in deceptive and potentially harmful ways. What does this mean for the future? Tests of large language models reveal that they can behave in deceptive and potentially harmful ways. What does this mean for the future?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hutson, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03222-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {272-275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI models that lie, cheat and plot murder: How dangerous are LLMs really?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will your study change the world? this AI tool predicts the impact of your research. NATURE, 646(8084), 268-269. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A tool called Funding the Frontier visualizes all the downstream impacts of funding — and predicts which studies will have the biggest societal impact. A tool called Funding the Frontier visualizes all the downstream impacts of funding — and predicts which studies will have the biggest societal impact.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Owens, Brian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03120-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {268-269}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will your study change the world? this AI tool predicts the impact of your research}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trees of the amazon are becoming even mightier. NATURE, 646(8084), 262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Forest giants are becoming bigger and more common than they once were. Forest giants are becoming bigger and more common than they once were.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03137-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trees of the amazon are becoming even mightier}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prizes must recognize machine contributions to discovery. NATURE, 646(8084), 261. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The future of science will be written by humans and machines together. Awards should reflect that reality. The future of science will be written by humans and machines together. Awards should reflect that reality.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Dashun}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03217-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {261}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prizes must recognize machine contributions to discovery}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The EU’s horizon research fund needs to stay a defence-free zone. NATURE, 646(8084), 260. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {It is time to sound the alarm as the EU’s research priorities face an unprecedented degree of political interference. It is time to sound the alarm as the EU’s research priorities face an unprecedented degree of political interference.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03221-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {260}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The EU’s horizon research fund needs to stay a defence-free zone}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Weaponizing uncertainty in science and in public health puts people in harm’s way. NATURE, 646(8084), 259-260. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Those who cite scientific studies to support policies should take care to tell the whole story, especially when it’s complex. Those who cite scientific studies to support policies should take care to tell the whole story, especially when it’s complex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03167-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8084}, pages = {259-260}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Weaponizing uncertainty in science and in public health puts people in harm’s way}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Want to do disruptive science? include more rookie researchers. NATURE, 646(8084), 269-270. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Papers from research teams with a substantial number of beginners are highly disruptive and innovative, study shows. Papers from research teams with a substantial number of beginners are highly disruptive and innovative, study shows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03117-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {269-270}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Want to do disruptive science? include more rookie researchers}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Swapping old immune cells in the brain with fresh ones could treat disease. NATURE, 646(8084), 267-268. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Replacing immune cells called microglia holds promise for addressing brain conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Replacing immune cells called microglia holds promise for addressing brain conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03008-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {267-268}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Swapping old immune cells in the brain with fresh ones could treat disease}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China pledges to cut emissions by 2035: What does that mean for the climate?. NATURE, 646(8084), 266-267. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The country’s plan to reduce greenhouse gases will largely determine the world’s emissions trajectory, researchers say. The country’s plan to reduce greenhouse gases will largely determine the world’s emissions trajectory, researchers say.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {You, Xiaoying}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03166-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {266-267}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China pledges to cut emissions by 2035: What does that mean for the climate?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NIH races to spend its 2025 grant money — But fewer projects win funding. NATURE, 646(8084), 264-266. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite political obstacles, officials are on track to disburse all of the research funds allocated to US biomedical behemoth. Despite political obstacles, officials are on track to disburse all of the research funds allocated to US biomedical behemoth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03168-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {264-266}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NIH races to spend its 2025 grant money — But fewer projects win funding}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US serial killer case opens door to using cutting-edge DNA data in courts. NATURE, 646(8084), 263-264. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {New York trial could set a legal precedent by admitting findings from whole-genome sequencing as evidence. New York trial could set a legal precedent by admitting findings from whole-genome sequencing as evidence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03102-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {263-264}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US serial killer case opens door to using cutting-edge DNA data in courts}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gut microbiota keeps watch over future egg cells. NATURE, 646(8084), 262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Certain gut bacteria help to extend the reproductive lifespan of female mice, experiments show. Certain gut bacteria help to extend the reproductive lifespan of female mice, experiments show.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03113-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gut microbiota keeps watch over future egg cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Death of a star leaves a legacy for exoplanets. NATURE, 646(8084), 262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The elements formed from a star’s demise shape the structure of the planets that rise from the ashes. The elements formed from a star’s demise shape the structure of the planets that rise from the ashes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03114-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Death of a star leaves a legacy for exoplanets}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Saharan dust on the wind linked to hail in europe. NATURE, 646(8084), 262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Satellites help scientists to document a correlation between dust travelling from Africa and hailstones falling in the Alps. Satellites help scientists to document a correlation between dust travelling from Africa and hailstones falling in the Alps.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03115-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8084}, pages = {262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Saharan dust on the wind linked to hail in europe}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: TCF1 and LEF1 promote B-1a cell homeostasis and regulatory function. NATURE, 646(8083), E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shen, Qian and Wang, Hao and Roco, Jonathan A. and Meng, Xiangpeng and Bosticardo, Marita and Hodges, Marie and Battaglia, Michael and Feng, Zhi-Ping and Talks, Benjamin James and Powell, Jason and Shanmugiah, Vijaya Baskar Mahalingam and Chu, Julia and Rahman, Najib M. and Elsheikh, Alguili and Chakravarty, Probir and Grenov, Amalie and Emmerich, Max and Delmonte, Ottavia M. and Freeman, Alexandra F. and Keller, Michael D. and Belaid, Brahim and Papa, Ilenia and Lee, James C. and Cañete, Pablo F. and Gonzalez-Figueroa, Paula and Zhang, Yaoyuan and Xue, Hai-Hui and Turajlic, Samra and Notarangelo, Luigi D. and Haniffa, Muzlifah and Garrett-Sinha, Lee Ann and Parry, Helen M. and Kanellakis, Nikolaos I. and Vinuesa, Carola G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09609-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: TCF1 and LEF1 promote B-1a cell homeostasis and regulatory function}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Experimental determination of partial charges with electron diffraction. NATURE, 646(8083), E2. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mahmoudi, Soheil and Gruene, Tim and Schröder, Christian and Ferjaoui, Khalil D. and Fröjdh, Erik and Mozzanica, Aldo and Takaba, Kiyofumi and Volkov, Anatoliy and Maisriml, Julian and Paunović, Vladimir and van Bokhoven, Jeroen A. and Keppler, Bernhard K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09608-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {E2}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Experimental determination of partial charges with electron diffraction}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A ctf4 trimer couples the CMG helicase to DNA polymerase α in the eukaryotic replisome. NATURE, 646(8083), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simon, Aline C. and Zhou, Jin C. and Perera, Rajika L. and van Deursen, Frederick and Evrin, Cecile and Ivanova, Marina E. and Kilkenny, Mairi L. and Renault, Ludovic and Kjaer, Svend and Matak-Vinković, Dijana and Labib, Karim and Costa, Alessandro and Pellegrini, Luca}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09606-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A ctf4 trimer couples the CMG helicase to DNA polymerase α in the eukaryotic replisome}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular mechanism of ultrafast transport by plasma membrane ca2+-ATPases. NATURE, 646(8083), 236-245. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tight control of intracellular Ca2+ levels is fundamental as they are used to control numerous signal transduction pathways1. Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases (PMCAs) have a crucial role in this process by extruding Ca2+ against a steep concentration gradient from the cytosol to the extracellular space2. Although new details of PMCA biology are constantly being uncovered, the structural basis of the most distinguishing features of these pumps, namely, transport rates in the kilohertz range and regulation of activity by the plasma membrane phospholipid PtdIns(4,5)P2, has so far remained elusive. Here we present the structures of mouse PMCA2 in the presence and absence of its accessory subunit neuroplastin in eight different stages of its transport cycle. Combined with whole-cell recordings that accurately track PMCA-mediated Ca2+ extrusion in intact cells, these structures enable us to establish the first comprehensive transport model for a PMCA, reveal the role of disease-causing mutations and uncover the structural underpinnings of regulatory PMCA–phospholipid interaction. The transport cycle-dependent dynamics of PtdIns(4,5)P2 are fundamental for its role as a ‘latch’ promoting the fast release of Ca2+ and opening a passageway for counter-ions. These actions are required for maintaining the ultra-fast transport cycle. Moreover, we identify the PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding site as an unanticipated target for drug-mediated manipulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Our work provides detailed structural insights into the uniquely fast operation of native PMCA-type Ca2+ pumps and its control by membrane lipids and drugs. Structural insights into ultrafast Ca2+ transport by plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases are provided, highlighting an essential role for PtdIns(4,5)P2 dynamics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vinayagam, Deivanayagabarathy and Sitsel, Oleg and Schulte, Uwe and Constantin, Cristina E. and Oosterheert, Wout and Prumbaum, Daniel and Zolles, Gerd and Fakler, Bernd and Raunser, Stefan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09402-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {236-245}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular mechanism of ultrafast transport by plasma membrane ca2+-ATPases}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pre-rRNA spatial distribution and functional organization of the nucleolus. NATURE, 646(8083), 227-235. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The multilayered nucleolus is the primary site of ribosome biogenesis1,2, where successive maturation of small (SSU)3,4 and large (LSU)5 ribosomal subunit precursors occurs. However, the spatiofunctional relationship between pre-rRNA processing and nucleolar substructures and how this adapts to changing cellular physiological demands have remained incompletely understood6,7. Here our spatiotemporal analyses revealed a compartment-specific ribosomal subunit processing in human nucleoli, with SSU processomes maintained in fibrillar centre (FC)–dense fibrillar component (DFC)–periphery dense fibrillar component (PDFC) domains while LSU pre-rRNAs largely transited to PDFC–granular component regions. Slowly proliferating cells exhibited unexpected 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ ETS)-centred SSU processing impairment, accompanied by structural remodelling of FC–DFC units and retarded SSU outflux. Direct 5′ ETS processing perturbation at least partially recapitulated these FC–DFC unit alterations, supporting the functional interdependence between SSU processing and nucleolar architecture. Notably, anamniote bipartite nucleoli with merged FC–DFC compartments8,9 exhibited distinct 5′ ETS distribution and slower pre-rRNA flux compared with multilayered nucleoli in amniotes. Introducing a FC/DFC interface to bipartite nucleoli enhanced processing efficiency, indicating that the evolutionary emergence of nested FC–DFC units may have optimized pre-rRNA processing. Collectively, depicting the spatiotemporal distribution of pre-rRNAs reveals an essential role of 5′ ETS-centred processing in maintaining nucleolar substructures and suggests a possible evolutionary advantage of the multilayered structure in amniotes. The evolutionary emergence of a nested fibrillar centre–dense fibrillar component may have optimized pre-rRNA processing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pan, Yu-Hang and Shan, Lin and Zhang, Yu-Yao and Yang, Zheng-Hu and Zhang, Yuan and Cao, Shi-Meng and Liu, Xiao-Qi and Zhang, Jun and Yang, Li and Chen, Ling-Ling}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09412-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {227-235}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pre-rRNA spatial distribution and functional organization of the nucleolus}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A missing enzyme-rescue metabolite as cause of a rare skeletal dysplasia. NATURE, 646(8083), 218-226. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Living cells depend on an intricate network of chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes, which sometimes make mistakes that lead to their inactivation. Here we report a metabolite-based mechanism for preserving enzyme function in an unfavourable environment. We found that the enzyme TGDS produces UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose, a mimic of the reaction intermediate of the enzyme UXS1, which regenerates the essential cofactor NAD+ within the catalytic pocket of UXS1 by completing its catalytic cycle. Thus, the production of an ‘enzyme-rescue metabolite’ by TGDS represents a mechanism for maintaining the activity of an enzyme in a subcellular compartment where NAD+ is scarce. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate that the inability to produce sufficient amounts of this enzyme-rescue metabolite leads to the inactivation of UXS1, impairing the synthesis of specific glycans that are crucial for skeletal development. This provides an explanation for the development of the hereditary skeletal disorder Catel–Manzke syndrome in individuals with TGDS deficiency. Defects in similar protective layers might contribute to metabolic changes in other diseases that cannot be explained with common concepts in metabolic biochemistry. In mammals, the enzyme TGDS produces UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose, which binds to the catalytic pocket of UDP-xylose synthase, thereby regenerating the essential NAD+ cofactor of UDP-xylose synthase in conditions of low NAD+.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jacobs, Jean and Lyubenova, Hristiana and Potelle, Sven and Kopp, Johannes and Gerin, Isabelle and Chan, Wing Lee and Rodriguez de los Santos, Miguel and Hülsemann, Wiebke and Mensah, Martin A. and Cormier-Daire, Valérie and Joosten, Marieke and Bruggenwirth, Hennie T. and Stuurman, Kyra E. and Miranda, Valancy and Campeau, Philippe M. and Wittler, Lars and Graff, Julie and Mundlos, Stefan and Ibrahim, Daniel M. and Van Schaftingen, Emile and Fischer-Zirnsak, Björn and Kornak, Uwe and Ehmke, Nadja and Bommer, Guido T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09397-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {218-226}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A missing enzyme-rescue metabolite as cause of a rare skeletal dysplasia}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Establishment of chromatin architecture interplays with embryo hypertranscription. NATURE, 646(8083), 208-217. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After fertilization, early embryos undergo dissolution of conventional chromatin organization, including topologically associating domains (TADs)1,2. Zygotic genome activation then commences amid unusually slow de novo establishment of three-dimensional chromatin architecture2. How chromatin organization is established and how it interplays with transcription in early mammalian embryos remain elusive. Here we show that CTCF occupies chromatin throughout mouse early development. By contrast, cohesin poorly binds chromatin in one-cell embryos, coinciding with TAD dissolution. Cohesin binding then progressively increases from two- to eight-cell embryos, accompanying TAD establishment. Unexpectedly, strong ‘genic cohesin islands’ (GCIs) emerge across gene bodies of active genes in this period. GCI genes enrich for cell identity and regulatory genes, display broad H3K4me3 at promoters, and exhibit strong binding of transcription factors and the cohesin loader NIPBL at nearby enhancers. We show that transcription is hyperactive in two- to eight-cell embryos and is required for GCI formation. Conversely, induced transcription can also create GCIs. Finally, GCIs can function as insulation boundaries and form contact domains with nearby CTCF sites, enhancing both the transcription levels and stability of GCI genes. These data reveal a hypertranscription state in early embryos that both shapes and is fostered by the three-dimensional genome organization, revealing an intimate interplay between chromatin structure and transcription. A study reveals progressive cohesin loading and a hypertranscription state responsible for the formation of genic cohesin islands at active regulatory genes in mouse embryos, highlighting an interplay between chromatin architecture and transcription as they are established for the first time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yu, Guang and Xu, Kai and Xia, Weikun and Zhang, Ke and Xu, Qianhua and Li, Lijia and Lin, Zili and Liu, Ling and Liu, Bofeng and Du, Zhenhai and Chen, Xia and Fan, Qiang and Lai, Fangnong and Wang, Wenying and Wang, Lijuan and Kong, Feng and Wang, Chao and Dai, Haiqiang and Wang, Huili and Xie, Wei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09400-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {208-217}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Establishment of chromatin architecture interplays with embryo hypertranscription}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transient APC/C inactivation by mTOR boosts glycolysis during cell cycle entry. NATURE, 646(8083), 198-207. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mammalian cells entering the cell cycle favour glycolysis to rapidly generate ATP and produce the biosynthetic intermediates that are required for rapid biomass accumulation1. Simultaneously, the ubiquitin-ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and its coactivator CDH1 (APC/CCDH1) remains active, allowing origin licensing and blocking premature DNA replication. Paradoxically, glycolysis is reduced by APC/CCDH1 through the degradation of key glycolytic enzymes2, raising the question of how cells coordinate these mutually exclusive events to ensure proper cell division. Here we show that cells resolve this paradox by transiently inactivating the APC/C during cell cycle entry, which allows a transient metabolic shift favouring glycolysis. After mitogen stimulation, rapid mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of the APC/C adapter protein CDH1 at the amino terminus causes it to partially dissociate from the APC/C. This partial inactivation of the APC/C leads to the accumulation of PFKFB3, a rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis, promoting a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. Delayed accumulation of phosphatase activity later removes CDH1 phosphorylation, restoring full APC/C activity, and shifting cells back to favouring oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, cells coordinate the simultaneous demands of cell cycle progression and metabolism through an incoherent feedforward loop, which transiently inhibits APC/C activity to generate a pulse of glycolysis that is required for mammalian cell cycle entry. APC/C activity is transiently inhibited to generate a pulse of glycolysis that is required for mammalian cell cycle entry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Paul, Debasish and Bolhuis, Derek L. and Yan, Hualong and Das, Sudipto and Xu, Xia and Abbate, Christina C. and Jenkins, Lisa M. M. and Emanuele, Michael J. and Andresson, Thorkell and Huang, Jing and Albeck, John G. and Brown, Nicholas G. and Cappell, Steven D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09328-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {198-207}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transient APC/C inactivation by mTOR boosts glycolysis during cell cycle entry}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clone copy number diversity is linked to survival in lung cancer. NATURE, 646(8083), 190-197. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) accumulate in cancer cells during tumour development, fuelling clonal evolution. However, accurate estimation of clone-specific copy numbers from bulk DNA-sequencing data is challenging. Here we present allele-specific phylogenetic analysis of copy number alterations (ALPACA), a method to infer SNV and SCNA coevolution by leveraging phylogenetic trees reconstructed from multi-sample bulk tumour sequencing data using SNV frequencies. ALPACA estimates the SCNA evolution of simulated tumours with a higher accuracy than current state-of-the-art methods1–4. ALPACA uncovers loss-of-heterozygosity and amplification events in minor clones that may be missed using standard approaches and reveals the temporal order of somatic alterations. Analysing clone-specific copy numbers in TRACERx421 lung tumours5,6, we find evidence of increased chromosomal instability in metastasis-seeding clones and enrichment for losses affecting tumour suppressor genes and amplification affecting CCND1. Furthermore, we identify increased SCNA rates in both tumours with polyclonal metastatic dissemination and tumours with extrathoracic metastases, and an association between higher clone copy number diversity and reduced disease-free survival in patients with lung cancer. A study presents ALPACA, a computational method for inferring clone- and allele-specific copy numbers of individual clones from multi-sample bulk DNA-sequencing data, and demonstrates its use to study metastasis trajectories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pawlik, Piotr and Grigoriadis, Kristiana and Bunkum, Abigail and Coggan, Helena and Frankell, Alexander M. and Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos and Karasaki, Takahiro and Huebner, Ariana and Rowan, Andrew and Fisher, Jasmin and Hackshaw, Allan and Swanton, Charles and Zaccaria, Simone and McGranahan, Nicholas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09398-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {190-197}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clone copy number diversity is linked to survival in lung cancer}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). MAChR4 suppresses liver disease via GAP-induced antimicrobial immunity. NATURE, 646(8083), 180-189. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Alcohol-use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are major causes of death and liver transplantation1. The gut–liver axis has a crucial yet poorly understood role in ALD pathogenesis, which depends on microbial translocation. Intestinal goblet cells (GCs) educate the immune system by forming GC-associated antigen passages (GAPs) on activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (mAChR4, also known as M4), enabling sampling of luminal antigens by lamina propria antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that chronic alcohol use in humans and mice downregulates small intestinal mAChR4 and reduces GAP formation, disrupting antimicrobial immunity. This is reversed on activation of intestinal IL-6 signal transducer (IL6ST, also known as glycoprotein 130; gp130), which restores mAChR4 expression and GAP formation, enabling induction of downstream type-3 innate lymphoid cell-derived IL-22 and antimicrobial REG3 proteins. This blunts translocation of enteric bacteria to the liver, thereby conferring ALD resistance. GAP induction by GC-specific mAChR4 activation was essential and sufficient for prevention of ethanol-induced steatohepatitis. These results lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach using mAChR4 or IL6ST agonists to promote GAP formation and prevent ALD by inhibiting microbial translocation. Chronic alcohol use in humans and mice downregulates small intestinal mAChR4 and reduces goblet-cell-associated antigen passage formation, disrupting antimicrobial immunity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Llorente, Cristina and Raya Tonetti, Fernanda and Bruellman, Ryan and Brea, Rocío and Pell, Nuria and Hartmann, Phillipp and Maccioni, Luca and Han, Hui and Cabré, Noemí and Liu, Junlai and Eguileor, Alvaro and Fondevila, Marcos F. and Meijnikman, Abraham S. and Hsu, Cynthia L. and Alghafri, Ameera and Zhou, Rongrong and Gao, Bei and Duan, Yi and Zhang, Peng and Febbraio, Mark A. and Taniguchi, Koji and Newberry, Rodney D. and Fouts, Derrick E. and Brenner, David A. and Stärkel, Peter and Karin, Michael and Schnabl, Bernd}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09395-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {180-189}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {MAChR4 suppresses liver disease via GAP-induced antimicrobial immunity}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). EBV induces CNS homing of b cells attracting inflammatory t cells. NATURE, 646(8083), 171-179. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Epidemiological data have identified Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection as the main environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis, the predominant autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS)1. However, how EBV infection initiates multiple sclerosis pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that EBV expands oligoclonal T-bet+CXCR3+ B cells that home to the CNS in humanized mice. Effector memory CD8+ T cells and CD4+ TH1 cells as well as CD4+ TH17 cells co-migrate to the brain of EBV-infected humanized mice. T-bet+CXCR3+ B cells can colonize submeningeal brain regions in the absence of other lymphocytes and attract T cells. Depletion of B cells with rituximab or blocking of CXCR3 significantly decreases lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS. Thus, we suggest that symptomatic primary EBV infection generates B cell subsets that gain access to the CNS, attract T cells and thereby initiate multiple sclerosis. Epstein–Barr virus infection generates a neuroinvasive B cell subset, which recruits activated T cells to the central nervous system, promoting multiple sclerosis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Läderach, Fabienne and Piteros, Ioannis and Fennell, Éanna and Bremer, Elena and Last, Mette and Schmid, Sandra and Rieble, Lisa and Campbell, Caroline and Ludwig-Portugall, Isis and Bornemann, Lea and Gruhl, Alexander and Eulitz, Klaus and Gueguen, Paul and Mietz, Juliane and Müller, Anne and Pezzino, Gaetana and Schmitz, Jürgen and Ferlazzo, Guido and Mautner, Josef and Münz, Christian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09378-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {171-179}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {EBV induces CNS homing of b cells attracting inflammatory t cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Maternal stress triggers early-life eczema through fetal mast cell programming. NATURE, 646(8083), 161-170. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Prenatal stress (PS) is a repeated exposure to aversive situations during pregnancy, including high emotional strain, which is suspected to affect homeostatic systems in infants. Paediatric eczema develops quickly after birth at flexural sites subjected to continuous mechanical constraints1,2. Although epidemiological studies have suggested an association between PS and a higher risk of eczema in children3–6, no causative biological link has yet been identified. Here we show that eczema at birth originates from molecular dysregulations of neuroimmune circuits in utero, triggered by fluctuations in the maternal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. We found that offspring of stressed pregnant dams have dysregulated mast cells and skin-projecting neurons and quickly develop eczema in response to harmless mechanical friction. We demonstrated that PS transiently modulates amniotic fluid corticosterone concentrations, which directly alters the activation program of skin mast cells expressing the glucocorticoid receptor Nr3c1 and the adjacent sensory neurons conveying mechanosensation. Therapeutic normalization of maternal corticosterone concentrations or genetic depletion of Mcpt5+ mast cells during stressed gestation prevents fetal immune dysregulation and protects against eczema development after birth. Our findings support a new model in which early-onset paediatric eczema originates from dysregulations in the fetal immune system, caused by fluctuations in maternal glucocorticoids induced by stress. Prenatal stress triggers molecular dysregulations in fetal neuroimmune circuits, leading to altered mast cell and sensory neuron function, which predisposes offspring to develop eczema in response to otherwise harmless mechanical friction after birth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Serhan, Nadine and Abdullah, Nasser S. and Gheziel, Nadine and Loste, Alexia and Ekren, Rüçhan and Labit, Elodie and Gonzalez, Anne-Alicia and Oliva, Giulia and Tarot, Pauline and Petitfils, Camille and Payros, Gaëlle and D’Avino, Paolo and Voisin, Allison and Tinsley, Holly Freya Grace and Gentek, Rebecca and Brosseau, Carole and Bodinier, Marie and Reber, Laurent and Val, Pierre and Akdis, Cezmi A. and Mitamura, Yasutaka and Andiappan, Anand Kumar and Chan, Jerry Kok Yen and Ginhoux, Florent and François, Amaury and Cénac, Nicolas and Basso, Lilian and Gaudenzio, Nicolas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09419-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {161-170}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Maternal stress triggers early-life eczema through fetal mast cell programming}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A novel bacterial protein family that catalyses nitrous oxide reduction. NATURE, 646(8083), 152-160. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O), a driver of global warming and climate change, has reached unprecedented concentrations in Earth’s atmosphere1. Current N2O sources outpace N2O sinks, emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding of processes that consume N2O. Microbes that express the enzyme N2O reductase (N2OR) convert N2O to climate change-neutral dinitrogen (N2). Known N2ORs belong to the canonical clade I and clade II NosZ reductases and are considered key enzymes for N2O reduction2–4. Here we report a previously unrecognized protein family with a role in N2O reduction, clade III lactonase-type N2OR (L-N2OR), which diverges in sequence from canonical NosZ but conserves three-dimensional protein structural features. Integrated physiological, metagenomic, proteomic and structural modelling studies demonstrate that L-N2ORs catalyse N2O reduction. L-N2OR genes occur in several phyla, predominantly in uncultured taxa with broad geographic distribution. Our findings expand the known diversity of N2ORs and implicate previously unrecognized taxa (for example, Nitrospinota) in N2O consumption. The expansion of N2OR diversity and the identification of a novel type of catalyst for N2O reduction advances the understanding of N2O sinks, has implications for greenhouse gas emission and climate change modelling, and expands opportunities for innovative biotechnologies aimed at curbing N2O emissions5,6. Cultivation of tropical soil microorganisms combined with physiological experiments and bioinformatics analyses identify a family of clade III lactonase-type nitrous oxide reductases with low sequence identity but high 3D structural similarity to known nitrous oxide reductases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Guang and Wang, Weijiao and Chen, Gao and Xie, Yongchao and Parks, Jerry M. and Davin, Megan E. and Hettich, Robert L. and Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T. and Löffler, Frank E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09401-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {152-160}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A novel bacterial protein family that catalyses nitrous oxide reduction}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Remodelling of corticostriatal axonal boutons during motor learning. NATURE, 646(8083), 143-151. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Motor skill learning induces long-lasting synaptic plasticity at dendritic spines1–4 and at the outputs of motor cortical neurons to the striatum5,6. However, little is known about corticostriatal axon activity and structural plasticity during learning in the adult brain. Here, using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging, we tracked thousands of corticostriatal axonal boutons in the dorsolateral striatum of awake mice. We found that learning a new motor skill dynamically regulated these boutons. The activities of motor corticostriatal axonal boutons exhibited selectivity for rewarded movements (RM) and unrewarded movements (UM). Notably, boutons on the same axonal branches showed diverse responses during behaviour. Motor learning significantly increased the proportion of RM boutons and reduced the heterogeneity of bouton activities. Moreover, motor learning induced profound structural dynamism in boutons. By combining structural and functional imaging, we saw that newly formed axonal boutons were more likely to exhibit selectivity for RM and were stabilized during motor learning, whereas UM boutons were selectively eliminated. These findings reveal a novel form of plasticity in corticostriatal axons and show that motor learning drives dynamic bouton reorganization to support motor skill acquisition and execution. Individual boutons on mouse corticostriatal axons exhibit differential selectivity for rewarded and unrewarded movements during motor learning, and the proportion of reward-responsive boutons increases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sheng, Mengjun and Lu, Di and Roth, Richard H. and Hwang, Fuu-Jiun and Sheng, Kaiwen and Ding, Jun B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09336-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {143-151}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Remodelling of corticostriatal axonal boutons during motor learning}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Eye structure shapes neuron function in drosophila motion vision. NATURE, 646(8083), 135-142. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many animals use vision to navigate their environment. The pattern of changes that self-motion induces in the visual scene, referred to as optic flow1, is first estimated in local patches by directionally selective neurons2–4. However, how arrays of directionally selective neurons, each responsive to motion in a preferred direction at specific retinal positions, are organized to support robust decoding of optic flow by downstream circuits is unclear. Understanding this global organization requires mapping fine, local features of neurons across an animal’s field of view3. In Drosophila, the asymmetrical dendrites of the T4 and T5 directionally selective neurons establish their preferred direction, which makes it possible to predict directional tuning from anatomy4,5. Here we show that the organization of the compound eye shapes the systematic variation in the preferred directions of directionally selective neurons across the entire visual field. To estimate the preferred directions across the visual field, we reconstructed hundreds of T4 neurons in an electron-microscopy volume of the full adult fly brain6, and discovered unexpectedly stereotypical dendritic arborizations. We then used whole-head micro-computed-tomography scans to map the viewing directions of all compound eye facets, and found a non-uniform sampling of visual space that explains the spatial variation in preferred directions. Our findings show that the global organization of the directionally selective neurons’ preferred directions is determined mainly by the fly’s compound eye, revealing the intimate connections between eye structure, functional properties of neurons and locomotion control. In Drosophila, the physical structure of the eye has a key role in the directional tuning of motion-sensitive neurons, showing how navigational behaviour is tightly associated with anatomy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Arthur and Gruntman, Eyal and Nern, Aljoscha and Iyer, Nirmala and Rogers, Edward M. and Koskela, Sanna and Siwanowicz, Igor and Dreher, Marisa and Flynn, Miriam A. and Laughland, Connor and Ludwig, Henrique and Thomson, Alexander and Moran, Cullen and Gezahegn, Bruck and Bock, Davi D. and Reiser, Michael B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09276-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {135-142}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Eye structure shapes neuron function in drosophila motion vision}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Delegation to artificial intelligence can increase dishonest behaviour. NATURE, 646(8083), 126-134. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although artificial intelligence enables productivity gains from delegating tasks to machines1, it may facilitate the delegation of unethical behaviour2. This risk is highly relevant amid the rapid rise of ‘agentic’ artificial intelligence systems3,4. Here we demonstrate this risk by having human principals instruct machine agents to perform tasks with incentives to cheat. Requests for cheating increased when principals could induce machine dishonesty without telling the machine precisely what to do, through supervised learning or high-level goal setting. These effects held whether delegation was voluntary or mandatory. We also examined delegation via natural language to large language models5. Although the cheating requests by principals were not always higher for machine agents than for human agents, compliance diverged sharply: machines were far more likely than human agents to carry out fully unethical instructions. This compliance could be curbed, but usually not eliminated, with the injection of prohibitive, task-specific guardrails. Our results highlight ethical risks in the context of increasingly accessible and powerful machine delegation, and suggest design and policy strategies to mitigate them. People cheat more when they delegate tasks to artificial intelligence, and large language models are more likely than humans to comply with unethical instructions—a risk that can be minimized by introducing prohibitive, task-specific guardrails.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Köbis, Nils and Rahwan, Zoe and Rilla, Raluca and Supriyatno, Bramantyo Ibrahim and Bersch, Clara and Ajaj, Tamer and Bonnefon, Jean-François and Rahwan, Iyad}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09505-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {126-134}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Delegation to artificial intelligence can increase dishonest behaviour}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Precisely defining disease variant effects in CRISPR-edited single cells. NATURE, 646(8083), 117-125. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genetic studies have identified thousands of individual disease-associated non-coding alleles, but the identification of the causal alleles and their functions remains a critical bottleneck1. CRISPR–Cas editing has enabled targeted modification of DNA to introduce and test disease alleles. However, the combination of inefficient editing, heterogeneous editing outcomes in individual cells and nonspecific transcriptional changes caused by editing and culturing conditions limits the ability to detect the functional consequences of disease alleles2,3. To overcome these challenges, we present a multi-omic single-cell sequencing approach that directly identifies genomic DNA edits, assays the transcriptome and measures cell-surface protein expression. We apply this approach to investigate the effects of gene disruption, deletions in regulatory regions, non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles and multiplexed editing. We identify the effects of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including the state-specific effects of an IL2RA autoimmune variant in primary human T cells. Multimodal functional genomic single-cell assays, including DNA sequencing, enable the identification of causal variation in primary human cells and bridge a crucial gap in our understanding of complex human diseases. A plate-based assay called CRAFTseq has been developed that uses ‘multi-omic’ single-cell RNA sequencing and direct genotyping of CRISPR edits to test the functional effects of genetic variants on cell state and function.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baglaenko, Yuriy and Mu, Zepeng and Curtis, Michelle and Mire, Hafsa M. and Jayanthi, Vidyashree and Al Suqri, Majd and Liu, Cassidy and Agnew, Ryan and Nathan, Aparna and Mah-Som, Annelise Yoo and Liu, David R. and Newby, Gregory A. and Raychaudhuri, Soumya}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09313-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {117-125}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Precisely defining disease variant effects in CRISPR-edited single cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Connecting chemical and protein sequence space to predict biocatalytic reactions. NATURE, 646(8083), 108-116. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The application of biocatalysis in synthesis has the potential to offer streamlined routes towards target molecules1, tunable catalyst-controlled selectivity2, as well as processes with improved sustainability3. Despite these advantages, biocatalysis is often a high-risk strategy to implement, as identifying an enzyme capable of performing chemistry on a specific intermediate required for a synthesis can be a roadblock that requires extensive screening of enzymes and protein engineering to overcome4. Strategies for predicting which enzyme and small molecule are compatible have been hindered by the lack of well-studied biocatalytic reaction datasets5. The underexploration of connections between chemical and protein sequence space constrains navigation between these two landscapes. Here we report a two-phase effort relying on high-throughput experimentation to populate connections between productive substrate and enzyme pairs and the subsequent development of a tool, CATNIP, for predicting compatible α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/Fe(ii)-dependent enzymes for a given substrate or, conversely, for ranking potential substrates for a given α-KG/Fe(ii)-dependent enzyme sequence. We anticipate that our approach can be readily expanded to further enzyme and transformation classes and will derisk the investigation and application of biocatalytic methods. A two-phase machine-learning-based tool making use of high-throughput experimentation is introduced to examine the connections between chemical and protein sequence space and predict productive biocatalytic reactions among substrate and enzyme pairs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Paton, Alexandra E. and Boiko, Daniil A. and Perkins, Jonathan C. and Cemalovic, Nicholas I. and Reschützegger, Thiago and Gomes, Gabe and Narayan, Alison R. H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09519-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {108-116}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Connecting chemical and protein sequence space to predict biocatalytic reactions}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probing the heterogeneous nature of LiF in solid–electrolyte interphases. NATURE, 646(8083), 102-107. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The electrolyte–electrode interface serves as the foundation for a myriad of chemical and physical processes. In battery chemistry, the formation of a well-known solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reversible operations of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)1,2. However, characterizing the precise chemical composition of the low crystallinity and highly sensitive SEI presents a formidable challenge3. Here, taking lithium fluoride (LiF)—a widely studied and considered crucial SEI component4–7—as an example, we use 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and identify that LiF formed in SEI (LiFSEI) has fruitful spectroscopy features that originated from the formation of limited LiF–LiH solid solutions: H-rich phase (LiH1−yFy) and F-rich phase (LiF1−xHx), which is further validated by 6Li isotope NMR, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). By characterizing SEI formed in various electrolytes, we confirm the dominance of LiH1−yFy in high-coulombic-efficiency electrolyte, which can be rationalized by the fact that LiF–LiH solid solution shows improved ionic conductivity over LiF. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that LiH1−yFy-rich coating layer presents obvious advantages compared with LiF-rich coating layer in lithium-metal batteries. This revised understanding of the heterogeneous nature of SEI components would provide new insights for electrode–electrolyte interface design. Using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance to study LiF–LiH solid solutions revealed that it is present in the solid–electrolyte interphase of lithium metal batteries and confirms the heterogeneous nature of LiF in such interphases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Xiangsi and Li, Shuyang and Yuan, Chen and Zheng, Bizhu and Cheng, Gangya and Chen, Yufan and Lu, Xingyu and Gu, Danyu and Lv, Baijiang and Li, Hao and Yan, Zihan and Qian, Hui and Zhu, Yizhou and Sun, Dalin and Song, Yun and Xiang, Yuxuan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09498-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {102-107}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probing the heterogeneous nature of LiF in solid–electrolyte interphases}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Toughened self-assembled monolayers for durable perovskite solar cells. NATURE, 646(8083), 95-101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hole-selective self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)1,2 have played a key role in driving the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells3–5 to 26.7% (ref. 6). However, their instability often compromises the operational performance of devices, strongly hindering their practical applications7,8. Here we employ a cross-linkable co-SAM to enhance the conformational stability of hole-selective SAMs against external stresses, while suppressing the formation of defects and voids in SAM during self-assembly. The azide-containing SAM can be thermally activated to form a cross-linked and densely assembled co-SAM with a thermally stable conformation and preferred orientation. This effectively minimizes substrate surface exposure caused by wiggling of loose SAMs under thermal stress, preventing perovskite decomposition. This enables a certified PCE of 26.92% to be achieved for the best-performing cell, which also possesses excellent thermal stability with negligible decay under maximum-power-point tracking at 85 °C for 1,000 h. It also retains >98% of initial PCE after 700 repetitive thermal cycles between −40 °C and 85 °C, representing the state of the art of the field. This work offers an in-depth understanding of SAM degradation mechanisms to guide the design of a more robust buried interface for SAM-based devices adopting high-roughness substrates to realize highly efficient and durable perovskite solar cells. Cross-linkable co-SAMs improve hole-selective SAM stability, preventing defects and thermal degredation in perovskite solar cells, enabling 26.92% efficiency with high heat durability, and guiding the design of more efficient and durable solar cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jiang, Wenlin and Qu, Geping and Huang, Xiaofeng and Chen, Xia and Chi, Linyuan and Wang, Tonghui and Wong, Chun-To and Lin, Francis R. and Yang, Chunlei and Jiang, Qing and Wu, Shengfan and Zhang, Jie and Jen, Alex K.-Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09509-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {95-101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Toughened self-assembled monolayers for durable perovskite solar cells}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Kirigami-inspired parachutes with programmable reconfiguration. NATURE, 646(8083), 88-94. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The art of kirigami allows programming a sheet to deform into a particular manner with a pattern of cuts, endowing it with exotic mechanical properties and behaviours1–17. Here we program discs to deform into stably falling parachutes as they deploy under fluid–structure interaction. Parachutes are expensive and delicate to manufacture, which limits their use for humanitarian airdrops or drone delivery. Laser cutting a closed-loop kirigami pattern18 in a disc induces porosity and flexibility into an easily fabricated parachute. By performing wind tunnel testing and numerical simulations using a custom flow-induced reconfiguration model19, we develop a design tool to realize kirigami-inspired parachutes. Guided by these results, we fabricate parachutes from the centimetre to the metre scale and test them in realistic conditions. We show that at low load-to-area ratios, kirigami-inspired parachutes exhibit a comparable terminal velocity to conventional ones. However, unlike conventional parachutes that require a gliding angle for vertical stability20 and fall at random far from a target, our kirigami-inspired parachutes always fall near the target, regardless of their initial release angle. These kinds of parachutes could limit material losses during airdropping as well as decrease manufacturing costs and complexity. A thin planar disc designed with appropriately patterned cuts transforms itself, due to air flow effects, into an effective parachute exhibiting good positional stability, regardless of its initial orientation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lamoureux, Danick and Fillion, Jérémi and Ramananarivo, Sophie and Gosselin, Frédérick P. and Melancon, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09515-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {88-94}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Kirigami-inspired parachutes with programmable reconfiguration}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Industry-compatible silicon spin-qubit unit cells exceeding 99% fidelity. NATURE, 646(8083), 81-87. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Among the many types of qubit presently being investigated for a future quantum computer, silicon spin qubits with millions of qubits on a single chip are uniquely positioned to enable quantum computing. However, it has not been clear whether the outstanding high-fidelity operations and long coherence times shown by silicon spin qubits fabricated in academic settings1–8 can be reliably reproduced when the qubits are manufactured in a semiconductor foundry9–11. Here we show precise qubit operation of silicon two-qubit devices made with standard semiconductor tooling in a 300-mm foundry environment. Of the key metrics, single- and two-qubit control fidelities exceed 99% for all four devices, and the state preparation and measurement fidelities reach up to 99.9%, as evidenced by gate set tomography. We report spin lifetime and coherence up to T1 = 9.5 s, $${T}_{2}^{* }=40.6\,{\rm{\mu }}{\rm{s}}$$ and $${T}_{2}^{{\rm{Hahn}}}=1.9\,{\rm{ms}}$$ . We determine that residual nuclear spin-carrying isotopes contribute substantially to operational errors, identifying further isotopic purification as a clear pathway to even higher performance. Two-qubit operations exceeding 99% fidelity have been demonstrated by silicon devices made with standard semiconductor tooling in a 300-mm foundry environment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Steinacker, Paul and Dumoulin Stuyck, Nard and Lim, Wee Han and Tanttu, Tuomo and Feng, MengKe and Serrano, Santiago and Nickl, Andreas and Candido, Marco and Cifuentes, Jesus D. and Vahapoglu, Ensar and Bartee, Samuel K. and Hudson, Fay E. and Chan, Kok Wai and Kubicek, Stefan and Jussot, Julien and Canvel, Yann and Beyne, Sofie and Shimura, Yosuke and Loo, Roger and Godfrin, Clement and Raes, Bart and Baudot, Sylvain and Wan, Danny and Laucht, Arne and Yang, Chih Hwan and Saraiva, Andre and Escott, Christopher C. and De Greve, Kristiaan and Dzurak, Andrew S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09531-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {81-87}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Industry-compatible silicon spin-qubit unit cells exceeding 99% fidelity}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spin squeezing in an ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond. NATURE, 646(8083), 74-80. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spin-squeezed states provide a seminal example of how the structure of quantum mechanical correlations can be controlled to produce metrologically useful entanglement1–7. These squeezed states have been demonstrated in a wide variety of quantum systems ranging from atoms in optical cavities to trapped ion crystals8–16. By contrast, despite their numerous advantages as practical sensors, spin ensembles in solid-state materials have yet to be controlled with sufficient precision to generate targeted entanglement such as spin squeezing. Here we report the experimental demonstration of spin squeezing in a solid-state spin system. Our experiments are performed on a strongly interacting ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy colour centres in diamond at room temperature, and squeezing (−0.50 ± 0.13 dB) below the noise of uncorrelated spins is generated by the native magnetic dipole–dipole interaction between nitrogen–vacancy centres. To generate and detect squeezing in a solid-state spin system, we overcome several challenges. First, we develop an approach, using interaction-enabled noise spectroscopy, to characterize the quantum projection noise in our system without directly resolving the spin probability distribution. Second, noting that the random positioning of spin defects severely limits the generation of spin squeezing, we implement a pair of strategies aimed at isolating the dynamics of a relatively ordered sub-ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres. Our results open the door to entanglement-enhanced metrology using macroscopic ensembles of optically active spins in solids. An ensemble of spins from nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamonds is prepared in a spin-squeezed state.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Weijie and Davis, Emily J. and Hughes, Lillian B. and Ye, Bingtian and Wang, Zilin and Kufel, Dominik and Ono, Tasuku and Meynell, Simon A. and Block, Maxwell and Liu, Che and Yang, Haopu and Bleszynski Jayich, Ania C. and Yao, Norman Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09524-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {74-80}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spin squeezing in an ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Signal amplification in a solid-state sensor through asymmetric many-body echo. NATURE, 646(8083), 68-73. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electronic spins of nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond constitute a promising system for micro- and nanoscale magnetic sensing1–4, because of their operation under ambient conditions5, ease of placement in close proximity to sensing targets6 and biological compatibility7. At high densities, the electronic spins interact through dipolar coupling, which typically limits8 but can also potentially enhance9 sensing performance. Here we report the experimental demonstration of many-body signal amplification in a solid-state, room-temperature quantum sensor. Our approach uses time-reversed two-axis-twisting interactions, engineered through dynamical control of the quantization axis and Floquet engineering10 in a two-dimensional ensemble of nitrogen–vacancy centres. We observe that optimal amplification occurs when the backward evolution time equals twice the forward evolution time, in sharp contrast to the conventional Loschmidt echo11,12. These observations can be understood as resulting from an underlying time-reversed mirror symmetry of the microscopic dynamics, providing key insights into signal amplification and opportunities for practical entanglement-enhanced quantum sensing. The experimental demonstration of many-body signal amplification in a solid-state, room-temperature quantum sensor is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Haoyang and Martin, Leigh S. and Hughes, Lillian B. and Leitao, Nathaniel T. and Put, Piotr and Zhou, Hengyun and Koyluoglu, Nazli U. and Meynell, Simon A. and Jayich, Ania C. Bleszynski and Park, Hongkun and Lukin, Mikhail D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09452-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {68-73}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Signal amplification in a solid-state sensor through asymmetric many-body echo}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu–Hf isotopes in ryugu. NATURE, 646(8083), 62-67. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites1 and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets2–5. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid–rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation6–11. However, the long-term fate of asteroidal water remains poorly understood. Here we present evidence for fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid more than 1 billion years after formation, based on the 176Lu–176Hf decay systematics of Ryugu samples, which reflect late lutetium mobilization. Such late fluid flow was probably triggered by an impact that generated heat for ice melting and opened rock fractures for fluid migration. This contrasts the early aqueous activity powered by short-lived radioactive decay, with limited fluid flow and little elemental fractionation12. Our results imply that carbonaceous planetesimals accreted by the terrestrial planets could have retained not only hydrous minerals but also aqueous water, leading to an upwards revision of the inventory of their water delivery by a factor of two to three. Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Iizuka, Tsuyoshi and Shibuya, Takazo and Hayakawa, Takehito and Yokoyama, Tetsuya and Gautam, Ikshu and Haba, Makiko K. and Ito, Kengo T. M. and Hibiya, Yuki and Yamaguchi, Akira and Abe, Yoshinari and Aléon, Jérôme and Alexander, Conel M. O’D. and Amari, Sachiko and Amelin, Yuri and Bajo, Ken-ichi and Bizzarro, Martin and Bouvier, Audrey and Carlson, Richard W. and Chaussidon, Marc and Choi, Byeon-Gak and Dauphas, Nicolas and Davis, Andrew M. and Di Rocco, Tommaso and Fujiya, Wataru and Fukai, Ryota and Hidaka, Hiroshi and Homma, Hisashi and Huss, Gary R. and Ireland, Trevor R. and Ishikawa, Akira and Itoh, Shoichi and Kawasaki, Noriyuki and Kita, Noriko T. and Kitajima, Koki and Kleine, Thorsten and Komatani, Shintaro and Krot, Alexander N. and Liu, Ming-Chang and Masuda, Yuki and Motomura, Kazuko and Moynier, Frédéric and Nagashima, Kazuhide and Nakai, Izumi and Nguyen, Ann and Nittler, Larry and Pack, Andreas and Park, Changkun and Piani, Laurette and Qin, Liping and Russell, Sara and Sakamoto, Naoya and Schönbächler, Maria and Tafla, Lauren and Tang, Haolan and Terada, Kentaro and Terada, Yasuko and Usui, Tomohiro and Wada, Sohei and Wadhwa, Meenakshi and Walker, Richard J. and Yamashita, Katsuyuki and Yin, Qing-Zhu and Yoneda, Shigekazu and Yui, Hiroharu and Zhang, Ai-Cheng and Nakamura, Tomoki and Naraoka, Hiroshi and Noguchi, Takaaki and Okazaki, Ryuji and Sakamoto, Kanako and Yabuta, Hikaru and Abe, Masanao and Miyazaki, Akiko and Nakato, Aiko and Nishimura, Masahiro and Okada, Tatsuaki and Yada, Toru and Yogata, Kasumi and Nakazawa, Satoru and Saiki, Takanao and Tanaka, Satoshi and Terui, Fuyuto and Tsuda, Yuichi and Watanabe, Sei-ichiro and Yoshikawa, Makoto and Tachibana, Shogo and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09483-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {62-67}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu–Hf isotopes in ryugu}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stratified wind from a super-eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected. NATURE, 646(8083), 57-61. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Accretion disks in strong gravity ubiquitously produce winds, seen as blueshifted absorption lines in the X-ray band of both stellar mass X-ray binaries (black holes and neutron stars)1–4 and supermassive black holes5. Some of the most powerful winds (termed Eddington winds) are expected to arise from systems in which radiation pressure is sufficient to unbind material from the inner disk (L ≳ LEdd). These winds should be extremely fast and carry a large amount of kinetic power, which, when associated with supermassive black holes, would make them a prime contender for the feedback mechanism linking the growth of those black holes with their host galaxies6. Here we show the XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, which reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines. This Compton-thick wind significantly attenuates the flux, making it appear faint, although it is intrinsically more luminous than usual (L ≳ LEdd). However, the wind is extremely slow, more consistent with the predictions of thermal-radiative winds launched by X-ray irradiation of the outer disk than with the expected Eddington wind driven by radiation pressure from the inner disk. This puts new constraints on the origin of winds from bright accretion flows in binaries, but also highlights the very different origin required for the ultrafast (v ~ 0.3c) winds seen in recent Resolve observations of a supermassive black hole at a similarly high Eddington ratio7. The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09495-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {57-61}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stratified wind from a super-eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries monitors a world out of balance. NATURE, 646(8083), 47-56. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The doughnut-shaped framework of social and planetary boundaries (the ‘Doughnut’) provides a concise visual assessment of progress towards the goal of meeting the needs of all people within the means of the living planet1–3. Here we present a renewed Doughnut framework with a revised set of 35 indicators that monitor trends in social deprivation and ecological overshoot over the 2000–2022 period. Although global gross domestic product (GDP) has more than doubled, our median results show a modest achievement in reducing human deprivation that would have to accelerate fivefold to meet the needs of all people by 2030. Meanwhile, the increase in ecological overshoot would have to stop immediately and accelerate nearly two times faster towards planetary boundaries to safeguard Earth-system stability by 2050. Disaggregating these global findings shows that the richest 20% of nations, with 15% of the global population, contribute more than 40% of annual ecological overshoot, whereas the poorest 40% of countries, with 42% of the global population, experience more than 60% of the social shortfall. These trends and inequalities reaffirm the case for overcoming the dependence of nations on perpetual GDP growth4,5 and reorienting towards regenerative and distributive economic activity—within and between nations—that assigns priority to human needs and planetary integrity. A revised ‘Doughnut’ providing a visual assessment of trends in social deprivation and planetary degradation over the past two decades shows more than doubling of global GDP accompanied by accelerating ecological overshoot but only a modest reduction in human deprivation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fanning, Andrew L. and Raworth, Kate}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09385-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {47-56}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries monitors a world out of balance}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare skeletal condition caused by enzyme’s failure to rescue a catalytic cycle. NATURE, 646(8083), 45-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When enzymes require rescue strategies to complete progression through their reaction, but natural safety nets fail, disease states can ensue. When enzymes require rescue strategies to complete progression through their reaction, but natural safety nets fail, disease states can ensue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allen, Karen N.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02428-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {45-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare skeletal condition caused by enzyme’s failure to rescue a catalytic cycle}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Parachutes inspired by the japanese art of kirigami. NATURE, 646(8083), 43-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cutting a pattern into a flat disc can transform it into a parachute capable of carrying small payloads, which might be used to deliver humanitarian aid Cutting a pattern into a flat disc can transform it into a parachute capable of carrying small payloads, which might be used to deliver humanitarian aid}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brun, Pierre-Thomas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02969-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {43-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Parachutes inspired by the japanese art of kirigami}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Early efforts to understand the processes underlying bird migration. NATURE, 646(8083), 43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists try to explain bird behaviour, and a book delves into scientific paradoxes. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02977-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Early efforts to understand the processes underlying bird migration}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). People are more likely to cheat when they delegate tasks to AI. NATURE, 646(8083), 42-43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence is moving from being a mere tool to an active partner in decision-making, but when we offload misconduct to machines, who bears the blame? Artificial intelligence is moving from being a mere tool to an active partner in decision-making, but when we offload misconduct to machines, who bears the blame?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Suzuki, Shoko}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02819-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {42-43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {People are more likely to cheat when they delegate tasks to AI}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum correlations enhance the sensitivity of room-temperature sensors. NATURE, 646(8083), 40-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum sensors based on diamond promise robustness but have limited sensitivity. Generating quantum correlations in the material might be a solution. Quantum sensors based on diamond promise robustness but have limited sensitivity. Generating quantum correlations in the material might be a solution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Scharnagl, Maja S. and Hammerer, Klemens}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02968-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {40-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum correlations enhance the sensitivity of room-temperature sensors}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Childhood eczema linked to mother’s stress during pregnancy. NATURE, 646(8083), 39-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The causes of early-life eczema have been unclear, but evidence indicates that changes to fetal immune cells and sensory neurons during pregnancy play a key part. The causes of early-life eczema have been unclear, but evidence indicates that changes to fetal immune cells and sensory neurons during pregnancy play a key part.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rathore, Abhay P. S. and Abraham, Soman N.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02427-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {39-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Childhood eczema linked to mother’s stress during pregnancy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Technology leaders should ‘pay back’ society to support the common good. NATURE, 646(8083), 34-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Media technologies shape individuals’ sensitivity to the world around them. But are algorithms promoting what’s best for people? Media technologies shape individuals’ sensitivity to the world around them. But are algorithms promoting what’s best for people?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Almeida, Abilio}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03152-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {34-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Technology leaders should ‘pay back’ society to support the common good}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Public trust in science has declined since COVID — Virologists need to unite around safety standards. NATURE, 646(8083), 31-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Creating international viral biosafety guidelines are key to clearing up confusion, regaining trust and ensuring that essential research continues. Creating international viral biosafety guidelines are key to clearing up confusion, regaining trust and ensuring that essential research continues.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ott, Melanie and Schwartz, Olivier and Sigal, Alex}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03151-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {31-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Public trust in science has declined since COVID — Virologists need to unite around safety standards}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI is dreaming up millions of new materials. are they any good?. NATURE, 646(8083), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Critics slammed attempts by Google, Microsoft and Meta to speed up materials discovery. But behind the hype, there is progress. Critics slammed attempts by Google, Microsoft and Meta to speed up materials discovery. But behind the hype, there is progress.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peplow, Mark}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03147-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI is dreaming up millions of new materials. are they any good?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Six journal rejections and a major rethink: Why i’m happy to admit to my research failures, and you should too. NATURE, 646(8083), 10. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Outlining the trial-and-error processes that are involved in every research project could help others to become more efficient and paint a more honest picture of life as a researcher. Outlining the trial-and-error processes that are involved in every research project could help others to become more efficient and paint a more honest picture of life as a researcher.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Toussaert, Séverine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03146-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Six journal rejections and a major rethink: Why i’m happy to admit to my research failures, and you should too}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). End GDP mania: How the world should really measure prosperity. NATURE, 646(8083), 7. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The obsession with economic output as a measure of human development puts sustainability on the back burner. Researchers can now help to devise better indicators. The obsession with economic output as a measure of human development puts sustainability on the back burner. Researchers can now help to devise better indicators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03144-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {10}, number = {8083}, pages = {7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {End GDP mania: How the world should really measure prosperity}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Little urchins, mischievous molluscs: My life as a sea champion. NATURE, 646(8083), 252. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite being jetted by giant clams, Mei Lin Neo remains steadfast in her defence of marine species. Despite being jetted by giant clams, Mei Lin Neo remains steadfast in her defence of marine species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leeming, Jack}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03153-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {252}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Little urchins, mischievous molluscs: My life as a sea champion}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How money, politics and technology are redefining the PhD experience in 2025. NATURE, 646(8083), 247-250. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature’s global survey of 3,785 doctoral students shows satisfaction has recovered from pandemic lows, but harassment and inadequate supervision remain widespread. Nature’s global survey of 3,785 doctoral students shows satisfaction has recovered from pandemic lows, but harassment and inadequate supervision remain widespread.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03149-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {247-250}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How money, politics and technology are redefining the PhD experience in 2025}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI tools could reduce the appeal of predatory journals. NATURE, 646(8083), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Selvitella, Alessandro Maria and Foster, Kathleen Lois}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03182-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI tools could reduce the appeal of predatory journals}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Add a ‘speculation box’ to research papers. NATURE, 646(8083), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Malekzadeh, Milad}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03186-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Add a ‘speculation box’ to research papers}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). India and pakistan share flood risks and must combine solutions. NATURE, 646(8083), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kayani, Saheeb Ahmed}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03187-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {India and pakistan share flood risks and must combine solutions}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Make cities more walkable, in the real world and in virtual reality. NATURE, 646(8083), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Koohsari, Mohammad Javad and Kaczynski, Andrew T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03188-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Make cities more walkable, in the real world and in virtual reality}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Power and profit drive what we eat: Here’s why the food system needs a revolution. NATURE, 646(8083), 29-30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Decades of corporate control have shaped diets, harmed farmers and strained the planet — transforming the system will take collective action. Decades of corporate control have shaped diets, harmed farmers and strained the planet — transforming the system will take collective action.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kelly, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03150-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {29-30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Power and profit drive what we eat: Here’s why the food system needs a revolution}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to get the best night’s sleep: What the science says. NATURE, 646(8083), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chuck the gadgets, the fads and the alarm. Circadian research reveals how important your body’s internal clock is to blissful slumber. Chuck the gadgets, the fads and the alarm. Circadian research reveals how important your body’s internal clock is to blissful slumber.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peeples, Lynne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03148-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to get the best night’s sleep: What the science says}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). She lived to 117: What her genes and lifestyle tell us about longevity. NATURE, 646(8083), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Maria Branyas Morera was the oldest person in the world when she died. Scientists analysed her genes, metabolism and more. Maria Branyas Morera was the oldest person in the world when she died. Scientists analysed her genes, metabolism and more.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03112-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {She lived to 117: What her genes and lifestyle tell us about longevity}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The moon is rusting — Thanks to ‘wind’ blown all the way from earth. NATURE, 646(8083), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lunar minerals generate the rust mineral haematite when bombarded with high-energy oxygen particles, experiments show. Lunar minerals generate the rust mineral haematite when bombarded with high-energy oxygen particles, experiments show.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03051-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The moon is rusting — Thanks to ‘wind’ blown all the way from earth}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can AI chatbots trigger psychosis? what the science says. NATURE, 646(8083), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chatbots can reinforce delusional beliefs, and, in rare cases, users have experienced psychotic episodes. Chatbots can reinforce delusional beliefs, and, in rare cases, users have experienced psychotic episodes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03020-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can AI chatbots trigger psychosis? what the science says}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tipsy bats and perfect pasta: Ig nobels celebrate ‘improbable’ research. NATURE, 646(8083), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The annual awards are a celebration of weird but thought-provoking science. The annual awards are a celebration of weird but thought-provoking science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simms, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03045-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tipsy bats and perfect pasta: Ig nobels celebrate ‘improbable’ research}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). World’s first AI-designed viruses a step towards AI-generated life. NATURE, 646(8083), 16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists used artificial intelligence to write coherent viral genomes, using them to synthesize bacteriophages capable of killing resistant strains of bacteria. Scientists used artificial intelligence to write coherent viral genomes, using them to synthesize bacteriophages capable of killing resistant strains of bacteria.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03055-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {World’s first AI-designed viruses a step towards AI-generated life}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Huntington’s disease treated for first time using gene therapy. NATURE, 646(8083), 15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Preliminary results from a small trial offer the clearest evidence yet that the brain disease’s progression can be slowed. Preliminary results from a small trial offer the clearest evidence yet that the brain disease’s progression can be slowed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03139-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Huntington’s disease treated for first time using gene therapy}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump links autism and tylenol: Is there any truth to it?. NATURE, 646(8083), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During an announcement on Monday, the US president repeatedly advised people, ‘Don’t take Tylenol’, but scientists say that strong evidence between the medication and autism is lacking. During an announcement on Monday, the US president repeatedly advised people, ‘Don’t take Tylenol’, but scientists say that strong evidence between the medication and autism is lacking.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen and Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02876-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump links autism and tylenol: Is there any truth to it?}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Corpse flowers waft out stinky compounds as fast as landfills do. NATURE, 646(8083), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gigantic plant’s stench is most powerful on the first night it blooms, all the better to draw carrion-loving pollinators. Gigantic plant’s stench is most powerful on the first night it blooms, all the better to draw carrion-loving pollinators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03017-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Corpse flowers waft out stinky compounds as fast as landfills do}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How passage through the milky way’s spiral arms altered our planet. NATURE, 646(8083), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The chemical make-up of crystals that formed from magma hint at an increase in the number of meteorites battering Earth’s surface. The chemical make-up of crystals that formed from magma hint at an increase in the number of meteorites battering Earth’s surface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03019-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How passage through the milky way’s spiral arms altered our planet}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Common air pollutant has a secret weapon: Bacterial toxins. NATURE, 646(8083), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiments show that the bacterial component of fine particulate matter has a highly potent inflammatory effect. Experiments show that the bacterial component of fine particulate matter has a highly potent inflammatory effect.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03052-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Common air pollutant has a secret weapon: Bacterial toxins}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Big mother whales have more daughters than sons. NATURE, 646(8083), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Archival whaling data reveal a sex bias in the offspring of long female whales. Archival whaling data reveal a sex bias in the offspring of long female whales.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03053-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Big mother whales have more daughters than sons}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trust in the sea-bed mining authority is fragile — Here’s how to change that. NATURE, 646(8083), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The authority created to safeguard the ocean floor now leans towards licensing its exploitation. Here’s how to reset the balance. The authority created to safeguard the ocean floor now leans towards licensing its exploitation. Here’s how to reset the balance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garcia-Soto, Carlos}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03145-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trust in the sea-bed mining authority is fragile — Here’s how to change that}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Machine learning reveals potential consequences of cuts to US research. NATURE, 646(8083), 8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Governments have the right to decide how to spend money on science. Modelling shows that making instant cuts to grants without a plan or consultation is misconceived. Governments have the right to decide how to spend money on science. Modelling shows that making instant cuts to grants without a plan or consultation is misconceived.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03066-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8083}, pages = {8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Machine learning reveals potential consequences of cuts to US research}, volume = {646}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodelling. NATURE, 645(8082), E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fischer, Andre and Sananbenesi, Farahnaz and Wang, Xinyu and Dobbin, Matthew and Tsai, Li-Huei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09590-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodelling}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: In situ light-field imaging of octopus locomotion reveals simplified control. NATURE, 645(8082), E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Katija, Kakani and Huffard, Christine L. and Roberts, Paul L. D. and Daniels, Joost and Erickson, Jon and Klimov, Denis and Ruhl, Henry A. and Sherman, Alana D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09512-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: In situ light-field imaging of octopus locomotion reveals simplified control}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A broad-spectrum lasso peptide antibiotic targeting the bacterial ribosome. NATURE, 645(8082), E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jangra, Manoj and Travin, Dmitrii Y. and Aleksandrova, Elena V. and Kaur, Manpreet and Darwish, Lena and Koteva, Kalinka and Klepacki, Dorota and Wang, Wenliang and Tiffany, Maya and Sokaribo, Akosiererem and Chen, Xuefei and Deng, Zixin and Tao, Meifeng and Coombes, Brian K. and Vázquez-Laslop, Nora and Polikanov, Yury S. and Mankin, Alexander S. and Wright, Gerard D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09597-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A broad-spectrum lasso peptide antibiotic targeting the bacterial ribosome}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy. NATURE, 645(8082), E10. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dai, Yibo and Knisely, Anne and Yano, Mitsutake and Dang, Minghao and Hinchcliff, Emily M. and Lee, Sanghoon and Welp, Annalyn and Chelvanambi, Manoj and Lastrapes, Matthew and Liu, Heng and Yuan, Zhe and Wang, Chen and Nie, Hao and Jean, Stephanie and Montaner, Luis J. and Hou, Jiakai and Patel, Ami and Patel, Shrina and Fellman, Bryan and Yuan, Ying and Sun, Baohua and Pandurengan, Renganayaki Krishna and Cuentas, Edwin Roger Parra and Celestino, Joseph and Liu, Yan and Liu, Jinsong and Hillman, R. Tyler and Westin, Shannon N. and Sood, Anil K. and Soliman, Pamela T. and Shafer, Aaron and Meyer, Larissa A. and Gershenson, David M. and Vining, David and Ganeshan, Dhakshinamoorthy and Lu, Karen and Wargo, Jennifer A. and Peng, Weiyi and Zhang, Rugang and Wang, Linghua and Jazaeri, Amir A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09586-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {E10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I deeply scan timber to reduce wasting this precious resource. NATURE, 645(8082), 1098. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Johannes Huber builds an understanding of logs using medical-imaging technology, to improve future wood-harvesting methods. Johannes Huber builds an understanding of logs using medical-imaging technology, to improve future wood-harvesting methods.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dimitropoulos, Stav}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03044-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1098}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I deeply scan timber to reduce wasting this precious resource}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Real-time molecular recorders expose the inner lives of cells. NATURE, 645(8082), 1094-1096. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gene-editing tools transform cells into record-keepers, capturing hidden timelines of health and disease. Gene-editing tools transform cells into record-keepers, capturing hidden timelines of health and disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03035-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1094-1096}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Real-time molecular recorders expose the inner lives of cells}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). No lectures, exams, essays: Inside a twenty-first-century university. NATURE, 645(8082), 1091-1093. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some innovative higher-education institutions are reimagining pedagogy by prioritizing local needs over research and international student recruitment. Anna McKie visits one of them. Some innovative higher-education institutions are reimagining pedagogy by prioritizing local needs over research and international student recruitment. Anna McKie visits one of them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McKie, Anna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03034-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1091-1093}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {No lectures, exams, essays: Inside a twenty-first-century university}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural basis of fast N-type inactivation in kv channels. NATURE, 645(8082), 1081-1089. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Action potentials are generated by opening of voltage-activated sodium (Nav) and potassium (Kv) channels1, which can rapidly inactivate to shape the nerve impulse and contribute to synaptic facilitation and short-term memory1–4. The mechanism of fast inactivation was proposed to involve an intracellular domain that blocks the internal pore in both Nav5,6 and Kv7–9 channels; however, recent studies in Nav10,11 and Kv12,13 channels support a mechanism in which the internal pore closes during inactivation. Here we investigate the mechanism of fast inactivation in the Shaker Kv channel using cryo-electron microscopy, mass spectrometry and electrophysiology. We resolved structures of a fully inactivated state in which the non-polar end of the N terminus plugs the internal pore in an extended conformation. The N-terminal methionine is deleted, leaving an alanine that is acetylated and interacts with a pore-lining isoleucine residue where RNA editing regulates fast inactivation14. Opening of the internal activation gate is required for fast inactivation because it enables the plug domain to block the pore and repositions gate residues to interact with and stabilize that domain. We also show that external K+ destabilizes the inactivated state by altering the conformation of the ion selectivity filter rather than by electrostatic repulsion. These findings establish the mechanism of fast inactivation in Kv channels, revealing how it is regulated by RNA editing and N-terminal acetylation, and providing a framework for understanding related mechanisms in other voltage-activated channels. This paper explores how voltage-gated potassium channels can plug the pore to prevent the conductance of ions during inactivation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tan, Xiao-Feng and Fernández-Mariño, Ana I. and Li, Yan and Chang, Tsg-Hui and Swartz, Kenton J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09339-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1081-1089}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural basis of fast N-type inactivation in kv channels}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NASP modulates histone turnover to drive PARP inhibitor resistance. NATURE, 645(8082), 1071-1080. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) class of drugs represents a remarkable advance in the treatment of patients with homologous recombination-deficient tumours, but resistance remains a challenge1–5. Although most research has focused on the downstream consequences of PARPi exposure to tackle resistance, the immediate effect of PARP inhibition on the chromatin environment and its contribution to PARPi toxicity remains elusive. Here we show that PARP inhibition induces histone release from the chromatin. This presents a vulnerability of PARPi-resistant cancer cells, which require histone homeostasis mechanisms to sustain elevated DNA replication rates and survival. Through functional genetic screens, we identified NASP as a key factor in maintaining the stability of evicted histones via its TPR motifs. Loss of NASP renders tumour cells hypersensitive to PARPi treatment in vitro and in vivo, impairs replication fork progression and elevates levels of replication-associated DNA damage. Moreover, NASP acts together with the INO80 complex and the chaperoning activity of PARP1 to ensure efficient histone turnover and prevent the accumulation of lethal DNA damage. Collectively, our work reports on histone eviction as an immediate cellular response to PARPi treatment and provides a promising avenue for targeting histone supply pathways to overcome PARPi resistance. PARP inhibitor treatment triggers histone release from the chromatin in cancer cells; consequently, targeting the histone chaperone NASP renders cells vulnerable to PARP inhibition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moser, Sarah C. and Khalizieva, Anna and Roehsner, Josef and Pottendorfer, Elisabeth and Kaptein, Milo L. and Ricci, Giulia and Bhardwaj, Vivek and Bleijerveld, Onno B. and Hoekman, Liesbeth and van der Heijden, Ingrid and di Sanzo, Simone and Fish, Alexander and Chikunova, Aleksandra and Haarhuis, Judith H. I. and Oldenkamp, Roel and Robbez-Masson, Luisa and Sprengers, Justin and Vis, Daniel J. and Wessels, Lodewyk F. A. and van de Ven, Marieke and Pettitt, Stephen J. and Tutt, Andrew N. J. and Lord, Christopher J. and Rowland, Benjamin D. and Völker-Albert, Moritz and Mattiroli, Francesca and Brummelkamp, Thijn R. and Mazouzi, Abdelghani and Jonkers, Jos}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09414-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1071-1080}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NASP modulates histone turnover to drive PARP inhibitor resistance}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Elementary 3D organization of active and silenced e. coli genome. NATURE, 645(8082), 1060-1070. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unravelling how genomes are spatially organized and how their three-dimensional (3D) architecture drives cellular functions remains a major challenge in biology1,2. In bacteria, genomic DNA is compacted into a highly ordered, condensed state called nucleoid3–5. Despite progress in characterizing bacterial 3D genome architecture over recent decades6–8, the fine structure and functional organization of the nucleoid remain elusive due to low-resolution contact maps from methods such as Hi-C9–11. Here we developed an enhanced Micro-C chromosome conformation capture, achieving 10-base pair (bp) resolution. This ultra-high-resolution analysis reveals elemental spatial structures in the Escherichia coli nucleoid, including chromosomal hairpins (CHINs) and chromosomal hairpin domains (CHIDs). These structures, organized by histone-like proteins H-NS and StpA, have key roles in repressing horizontally transferred genes. Disruption of H-NS causes drastic reorganization of the 3D genome, decreasing CHINs and CHIDs, whereas removing both H-NS and StpA results in their complete disassembly, increased transcription of horizontally transferred genes and delayed growth. Similar effects are observed with netropsin, which competes with H-NS and StpA for AT-rich DNA binding. Interactions between CHINs further organize the genome into isolated loops, potentially insulating active operons. Our Micro-C analysis reveals that all actively transcribed genes form distinct operon-sized chromosomal interaction domains (OPCIDs) in a transcription-dependent manner. These structures appear as square patterns on Micro-C maps, reflecting continuous contacts throughout transcribed regions. This work unveils the fundamental structural elements of the E. coli nucleoid, highlighting their connection to nucleoid-associated proteins and transcription machinery. An ultra-high-resolution chromatin organization map of E. coli, using Micro-C, reveals intricate chromatin structures involved in the silencing of horizontally transferred genes and those associated with active operons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gavrilov, Alexey A. and Shamovsky, Ilya and Zhegalova, Irina and Proshkin, Sergey and Shamovsky, Yosef and Evko, Grigory and Epshtein, Vitaly and Rasouly, Aviram and Blavatnik, Anna and Lahiri, Sudipta and Rothenberg, Eli and Razin, Sergey V. and Nudler, Evgeny}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09396-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1060-1070}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Elementary 3D organization of active and silenced e. coli genome}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NNMT inhibition in cancer-associated fibroblasts restores antitumour immunity. NATURE, 645(8082), 1051-1059. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pivotal cancer-supportive role, yet CAF-targeted therapies are lacking1,2. Here, using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we investigate the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, NNMT-induced H3K27me3 hypomethylation drives complement secretion from CAFs, attracting immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the tumour. Nnmt knockout in immunocompetent mice impairs tumour growth in syngeneic ovarian, breast and colon tumour models through enhanced CD8+ T cell activation. Using high-throughput screening, we develop a potent and specific NNMT inhibitor that reduces the tumour burden and metastasis in multiple mouse cancer models and restores immune checkpoint blockade efficacy by decreasing CAF-mediated recruitment of MDSCs and reinvigorating CD8+ T cell activation. Our findings establish NNMT as a central CAF regulator and a promising therapeutic target to mitigate immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. An NNMT inhibitor reduces tumour burden and metastasis in multiple mouse cancer models and restores immune checkpoint blockade efficacy by decreasing cancer-associated-fibroblast-mediated recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reinvigorating CD8+ T cell activation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heide, Janna and Bilecz, Agnes J. and Patnaik, Samarjit and Allega, Maria Francesca and Donle, Leonhard and Yang, Kaiting and Teich, Ethan and Li, Yan and Lin, Qiaoshan and Kong, Ke and Liu, Li and Yang, Tae Gyun and Cheng, Ken Chih-Chien and Shrimp, Jonathan H. and Hanson, Quinlin M. and Shen, Min and Sun, Hongmao and Shah, Hardik and Schweizer, Lisa and Zawieracz, Katarzyna and Olland, Andrea and White, Andre and Suto, Robert K. and Alhunayan, Razzaq and Taşdemir, Medine and Longman, Noa and Liang, Hua and Mann, Matthias and Stott, Gordon M. and Hall, Matthew D. and Schwörer, Simon and Weichselbaum, Ralph R. and Piffkó, András and Lengyel, Ernst}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09303-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1051-1059}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NNMT inhibition in cancer-associated fibroblasts restores antitumour immunity}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Expanding the cytokine receptor alphabet reprograms t cells into diverse states. NATURE, 645(8082), 1039-1050. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {T cells respond to cytokines through receptor dimers that have been selected over the course of evolution to activate canonical JAK–STAT signalling and gene expression programs1. However, the potential combinatorial diversity of JAK–STAT receptor pairings can be expanded by exploring the untapped biology of alternative non-natural pairings. Here we exploited the common γ chain (γc) receptor as a shared signalling hub on T cells and enforced the expression of both natural and non-natural heterodimeric JAK–STAT receptor pairings using an orthogonal cytokine receptor platform2–4 to expand the γc signalling code. We tested receptors from γc cytokines as well as interferon, IL-10 and homodimeric receptor families that do not normally pair with γc or are not naturally expressed on T cells. These receptors simulated their natural counterparts but also induced contextually unique transcriptional programs. This led to distinct T cell fates in tumours, including myeloid-like T cells with phagocytic capacity driven by orthogonal GSCFR (oGCSFR), and type 2 cytotoxic T (TC2) and helper T (TH2) cell differentiation driven by orthogonal IL-4R (o4R). T cells with orthogonal IL-22R (o22R) and oGCSFR, neither of which are natively expressed on T cells, exhibited stem-like and exhaustion-resistant transcriptional and chromatin landscapes, enhancing anti-tumour properties. Non-native receptor pairings and their resultant JAK–STAT signals open a path to diversifying T cell states beyond those induced by natural cytokines. Orthogonal chimeric receptors containing intracellular domains for IL-4R, IL-20R, IL-22R and GCSFR reprogram T cells to promote distinct natural and synthetic cell states with functional and therapeutic implications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Yang and Ogishi, Masato and Pal, Aastha and Su, Leon L. and Tao, Pingdong and Jiang, Hua and Rodriguez, Grayson E. and Chen, Xiaojing and Sun, Qinli and Rysavy, Lea Wenting and Limsuwannarot, Sam and Waghray, Deepa and Kalbasi, Anusha and Garcia, K. Christopher}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09393-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1039-1050}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Expanding the cytokine receptor alphabet reprograms t cells into diverse states}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetic suppression features ABHD18 as a barth syndrome therapeutic target. NATURE, 645(8082), 1029-1038. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it stabilizes electron transport chain protein complexes1. The final step in CL biosynthesis relates to its remodelling: the exchange of nascent acyl chains with longer, unsaturated chains1. However, the enzyme responsible for cleaving nascent CL (nCL) has remained elusive. Here, we describe ABHD18 as a candidate deacylase in the CL biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, ABHD18 converts CL into monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) in vitro, and its inactivation in cells and mice results in a shift to nCL in serum and tissues. Notably, ABHD18 deactivation rescues the mitochondrial defects in cells and the morbidity and mortality in mice associated with Barth syndrome. This rare genetic disease is characterized by the build-up of MLCL resulting from inactivating mutations in TAFAZZIN (TAZ), which encodes the final enzyme in the CL-remodelling cascade1. We also identified a selective, covalent, small-molecule inhibitor of ABHD18 that rescues TAZ mutant phenotypes in fibroblasts from human patients and in fish embryos. This study highlights a striking example of genetic suppression of a monogenic disease revealing a canonical enzyme in the CL biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Masud, Sanna N. and Srivastava, Anchal and Mero, Patricia and Echezarreta, Victoria Saba and Anderson, Eve and van Buren, Lennard and Wei, Jiarun and Taylor, David Thomson and Farias, Adrian Granda and Mikolajewicz, Nicholas and Shaw, Angela and Murareanu, Brandon M. and Lohbihler, Michelle and Carney, Olivia Sniezek and van Heeringen, Simon and Clijsters, Linda and Sizova, Olga and van Ameijde, Jeroen and Nye, Freya and Habsid, Andrea and Nedyalkova, Lucy and McDonald, Laura and Simpson, Craig and Wybenga-Groot, Leanne and Brown, Kevin R. and Nho, Nhi and Suciu, Radu M. and Chan, Katherine and Tong, Amy H. Y. and Vaz, Frédéric M. and Evers, Bastiaan and Lesurf, Robert and Papaz, Tanya and Nutter, Lauryl M. J. and Protze, Stephanie and Billmann, Maximilian and Costanzo, Michael and Andrews, Brenda J. and Myers, Chad L. and Mital, Seema and Vernon, Hilary and Brummelkamp, Thijn R. and Boone, Charles and Scott, Ian C. and Niphakis, Micah J. and Strathdee, Douglas and Nijman, Sebastian M. B. and Blomen, Vincent A. and Moffat, Jason}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09373-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1029-1038}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetic suppression features ABHD18 as a barth syndrome therapeutic target}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Determinants of successful AAV-vectored delivery of HIV-1 bNAbs in early life. NATURE, 645(8082), 1020-1028. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite advances in HIV-1 prophylaxis, vertical transmission remains a pressing problem in developing countries1. Given the promise of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) for HIV-1 prevention2, we hypothesized that neonatal delivery of bNAbs using adeno-associated virus (AAV) could provide durable HIV-1 immunity during infancy. Here, using infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) as a model, we show that a one-time administration of an AAV vector encoding bNAb 3BNC117 at birth led to sustained bNAb expression for more than three years without redosing. This approach significantly protected both infant and pre-adolescent rhesus macaques from infection with simian–human immunodeficiency virus in mucosal challenge models that mimic HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse. Age at the time of AAV-3BNC117 administration was a main determinant of success and was inversely correlated with the incidence of host anti-drug antibodies that restricted bNAb expression. Consistent with principles of neonatal tolerance3,4, newborn rhesus macaques exhibited higher levels of bNAb expression than older infants and juveniles following AAV-3BNC117 dosing. Furthermore, in utero exposure to recombinant 3BNC117 suppressed anti-drug antibodies and improved AAV-vectored delivery of this bNAb in older infants. Thus, our results suggest that neonatal and fetal immunological tolerance can be leveraged to improve postnatal AAV delivery of HIV-1 bNAbs in primates. Since years-long HIV-1 immunity can be generated in rhesus macaques from a one-time AAV vector administration at birth, future studies should evaluate the ability of this strategy to prevent perinatal and adolescent HIV-1 infections in humans. A single dose of an adeno-associated virus vector encoding an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody given shortly after birth results in persistent antibody expression and protection from infection in rhesus macaque models of human HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ardeshir, Amir and O’Hagan, Daniel and Mehta, Isha and Shandilya, Siddhartha and Hopkins, Lincoln L. J. and Adamson, Lourdes and Kuroda, Marcelo J. and Hahn, Patricia A. and da Costa, Lucas A. B. and Fuchs, Sebastian P. and Martinez-Navio, Jose M. and Gardner, Matthew R. and Van Rompay, Koen K. A. and Magnani, Diogo M. and Lifson, Jeffrey D. and Gao, Guangping and Farzan, Michael and Desrosiers, Ronald C. and Das, Jishnu and Martins, Mauricio A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09330-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1020-1028}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Determinants of successful AAV-vectored delivery of HIV-1 bNAbs in early life}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multiple oestradiol functions inhibit ferroptosis and acute kidney injury. NATURE, 645(8082), 1011-1019. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acute tubular necrosis mediates acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephron loss1, the hallmark of end-stage renal disease2–4. For decades, it has been known that female kidneys are less sensitive to AKI5,6. Acute tubular necrosis involves dynamic cell death propagation by ferroptosis along the tubular compartment7,8. Here we demonstrate abrogated ferroptotic cell death propagation in female kidney tubules. 17β-oestradiol establishes an anti-ferroptotic state through non-genomic and genomic mechanisms. These include the potent direct inhibition of ferroptosis by hydroxyoestradiol derivatives, which function as radical trapping antioxidants, are present at high concentrations in kidney tubules and, when exogenously applied, protect male mice from AKI. In cells, the oxidized hydroxyoestradiols are recycled by FSP19,10, but FSP1-deficient female mice were not sensitive to AKI. At the genomic level, female ESR1-deficient kidney tubules partially lose their anti-ferroptotic capacity, similar to ovariectomized mice. While ESR1 promotes the anti-ferroptotic hydropersulfide system, male tubules express pro-ferroptotic proteins of the ether lipid pathway which are suppressed by ESR1 in female tissues until menopause. In summary, we identified non-genomic and genomic mechanisms that collectively explain ferroptosis resistance in female tubules and may function as therapeutic targets for male and postmenopausal female individuals. 17β-oestradiol establishes an anti-ferroptotic state in female kidney tubules.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tonnus, Wulf and Maremonti, Francesca and Gavali, Shubhangi and Schlecht, Marlena Nastassja and Gembardt, Florian and Belavgeni, Alexia and Leinung, Nadja and Flade, Karolin and Bethe, Natalie and Traikov, Sofia and Haag, Anne and Schilling, Danny and Penkov, Sider and Mallais, Melodie and Gaillet, Christine and Meyer, Claudia and Katebi, Melika and Ray, Anushka and Gerhardt, Louisa M. S. and Brucker, Anne and Becker, Jorunn Naila and Tmava, Mirela and Schlicker, Lisa and Schulze, Almut and Himmerkus, Nina and Shevchenko, Andrej and Peitzsch, Mirko and Barayeu, Uladzimir and Nasi, Sonia and Putz, Juliane and Korach, Kenneth S. and Neugarten, Joel and Golestaneh, Ladan and Hugo, Christian and Becker, Jan Ulrich and Weinberg, Joel M. and Lorenz, Svenja and Proneth, Bettina and Conrad, Marcus and Wolf, Eckhard and Plietker, Bernd and Rodriguez, Raphaël and Pratt, Derek A. and Dick, Tobias P. and Fedorova, Maria and Bornstein, Stefan R. and Linkermann, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09389-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1011-1019}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multiple oestradiol functions inhibit ferroptosis and acute kidney injury}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Commensal yeast promotes salmonella typhimurium virulence. NATURE, 645(8082), 1002-1010. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Enteric pathogens engage in complex interactions with the host and the resident microbiota to establish gut colonization1–3. Although mechanistic interactions between enteric pathogens and bacterial commensals have been extensively studied, whether and how commensal fungi affect enteric infections remain largely unknown1. Here we show that colonization with the common human gut commensal fungus Candida albicans worsened infections with the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The presence of C. albicans in the mouse gut increased Salmonella caecal colonization and systemic dissemination. We investigated the underlying mechanism and found that Salmonella binds to C. albicans via type 1 fimbriae and uses its type 3 secretion system to deliver effector proteins into C. albicans. A specific effector, SopB, was sufficient to manipulate C. albicans metabolism and trigger the release of millimolar amounts of arginine into the extracellular environment. The released arginine, in turn, induced expression of the type 3 secretion system in Salmonella, increasing its invasion of epithelial cells. C. albicans deficient in arginine production was unable to increase Salmonella virulence. Arginine-producing C. albicans also dampened the inflammatory response during Salmonella infection. Arginine supplementation in the absence of C. albicans increased the systemic spread of Salmonella and decreased the inflammatory response, phenocopying the presence of C. albicans. In summary, we identified C. albicans colonization as a susceptibility factor for disseminated Salmonella infection and arginine as a central metabolite in the cross-kingdom interaction between fungi, bacteria and host. Commensal Candida albicans enhances the virulence and dissemination of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jaswal, Kanchan and Todd, Olivia A. and Flores Audelo, Roberto C. and Santus, William and Paul, Saikat and Duffy, Ciera M. and Eshoo, Edward T. and Singh, Manmeet and Miao, Jian and Underhill, David M. and Peters, Brian M. and Behnsen, Judith}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09415-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {1002-1010}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Commensal yeast promotes salmonella typhimurium virulence}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems. NATURE, 645(8082), 991-1001. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Social interaction can be regarded as a dynamic feedback loop between interacting individuals as they act and react to each other1,2. Here, to understand the neural basis of these interactions, we investigated inter-brain neural dynamics across individuals in both mice and artificial intelligence systems. By measuring activities of molecularly defined neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of socially interacting mice, we find that the multi-dimensional neural space within each individual can be partitioned into two distinct subspaces—a shared neural subspace that represents shared neural dynamics across animals and a unique neural subspace that represents activity unique to each animal. Notably, compared with glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex contain a considerably larger shared neural subspace, which arises from behaviours of both self and others. We extended this framework to artificial intelligence agents and observed that, as social interactions emerged, so too did shared neural dynamics between interacting agents. Importantly, selectively disrupting the neural components that contribute to shared neural dynamics substantially reduces the agents’ social actions. Our findings suggest that shared neural dynamics represent a fundamental and generalizable feature of interacting neural systems present in both biological and artificial agents and highlight the functional significance of shared neural dynamics in driving social interactions. Shared inter-brain neural dynamics, reflecting aspects of social interaction including self and other’s behaviours, arise in GABAergic neurons of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of socially interacting mice, as well as in the neurons of socially interacting artificial intelligence agents.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Xingjian and Phi, Nguyen and Li, Qin and Gorzek, Ryan and Zwingenberger, Niklas and Huang, Shan and Zhou, John L. and Kingsbury, Lyle and Raam, Tara and Wu, Ye Emily and Wei, Don and Kao, Jonathan C. and Hong, Weizhe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09196-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {991-1001}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A hypothalamic circuit that modulates feeding and parenting behaviours. NATURE, 645(8082), 981-990. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Across mammalian species, new mothers undergo behavioural changes to nurture their offspring and meet the caloric demands of milk production1–5. Although many neural circuits underlying feeding and parenting behaviours are well characterized6–9, it is unclear how these different circuits interact and adapt during lactation. Here we performed transcriptomic profiling of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the mouse hypothalamus in response to lactation and hunger. Furthermore, we showed that heightened appetite in lactating mice was accompanied by increased activity of hunger-promoting agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the ARC (ARCAgRP neurons). To assess the strength of hunger versus maternal drives, we designed a conflict assay in which female mice chose between a food source or pups and nesting material. Although food-deprived lactating mothers prioritized parenting over feeding, hunger reduced the duration and disrupted the sequences of parenting behaviours in both lactating and virgin females. We found that ARCAgRP neurons inhibit bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS3) neurons in the MPOA (MPOABRS3 neurons), which become more active postpartum and govern parenting and satiety. Activation of this ARCAgRP-to-MPOABRS3 circuit shifted behaviours from parenting to food-seeking. Thus, hypothalamic networks are modulated by physiological states and work antagonistically during the prioritization of competing motivated behaviours. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse hypothalamus and behavioural experiments show that specific hypothalamic networks regulate conflicting feeding versus parenting behaviours of female mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alcantara, Ivan C. and Li, Chia and Gao, Claire and Rodriguez González, Shakira and Mickelsen, Laura E. and Papas, Brian N. and Goldschmidt, Abigail I. and Cohen, Isabel M. and Mazzone, Christopher M. and de Araujo Salgado, Isabel and Piñol, Ramón A. and Xiao, Cuiying and Karolczak, Eva O. and Li, Jian-Liang and Cui, Guohong and Reitman, Marc L. and Krashes, Michael J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09268-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {981-990}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A hypothalamic circuit that modulates feeding and parenting behaviours}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Replay and representation dynamics in the hippocampus of freely flying bats. NATURE, 645(8082), 974-980. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cognitive functions for navigation and memory rely on emergent properties of neural ensembles in the hippocampus, such as activity replay1–5 and theta sequences6–9. However, whether and how these phenomena generalize across species with distinct navigational demands and neurophysiological properties remains unclear. Here we wirelessly recorded neural activity from large populations of cells and local field potentials from the hippocampus of freely flying Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) engaged in free, spontaneous foraging behaviour. During rest, we identified time-compressed forward and reverse replays of multiple flight trajectories coinciding with sharp-wave ripples. Notably, replays occurred predominantly at locations that were both spatially and temporally distant from the replayed behaviour, and their speed scaled with trajectory length, challenging present models of replay mechanisms. During flight, neural ensembles exhibited fast representational sweeps, in which the decoded location moved ahead of the bat’s position cyclically. In contrast to reports in rodents, sweeps occurred in the absence of theta oscillations, and were instead phase locked to a prominent motor behavioural rhythm—the bat’s wing-beat cycle. This suggests that behaviourally relevant sensorimotor rhythms can interact with hippocampal ensemble dynamics in a highly structured manner. Combined, our findings challenge existing models of ensemble dynamics in the mammalian hippocampus, and highlight the importance of comparative studies in ethologically relevant conditions for elucidating brain function. Wireless large-scale recordings of neural activity in freely flying fruit bats reveal that hippocampal ensemble properties are associated with sensorimotor rhythms, and that previous models of replay and sequential dynamics, based on experiments in rodents, might not be applicable to other species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forli, Angelo and Fan, Wudi and Qi, Kevin K. and Yartsev, Michael M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09341-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {974-980}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Replay and representation dynamics in the hippocampus of freely flying bats}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The genomic origin of the unique chaetognath body plan. NATURE, 645(8082), 964-973. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The emergence of animal phyla, each with their unique body plan, was a rapid event in the history of animal life, yet its genomic underpinnings are still poorly understood1. Here we investigate at the genomic, regulatory and cellular levels, the origin of one of the most distinctive animal phyla, the chaetognaths, whose organismal characteristics have historically complicated their phylogenetic placement2,3. We show that these characteristics are reflected at the cell-type level by the expression of genes that originated in the chaetognath lineage, contributing to adaptation to planktonic life at the sensory and structural levels4. Similarly to other members of gnathiferans (which also include rotifers and several other microscopic phyla)5,6, chaetognaths have undergone accelerated genomic evolution with gene loss and chromosomal fusions7,8. Furthermore, they secondarily duplicated thousands of genes9,10, without evidence for a whole-genome duplication, yielding, for instance, tandemly expanded Hox genes, as well as many phylum-specific genes. We also detected repeat-rich highly methylated neocentromeres and a simplified DNA methylation toolkit that is involved in mobile element repression rather than transcriptional control. Consistent with fossil evidence11,12, our observations suggest that chaetognaths emerged after a phase of morphological simplification through a reinvention of organ systems paralleled by massive genomic reorganization, explaining the uniqueness of their body plan. Genomic, single-cell transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses show that chaetognaths, following extensive gene loss in the gnathiferan lineage, relied on newly evolved genes and lineage-specific tandem duplications, not caused by a whole-genome duplication event, to shape their distinctive body plan.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Piovani, Laura and Gavriouchkina, Daria and Parey, Elise and Sarre, Luke A. and Peijnenburg, Katja T. C. A. and Martín-Durán, José María and Rokhsar, Daniel S. and Satoh, Noriyuki and de Mendoza, Alex and Goto, Taichiro and Marlétaz, Ferdinand}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09403-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {964-973}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The genomic origin of the unique chaetognath body plan}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The evolution of hominin bipedalism in two steps. NATURE, 645(8082), 952-963. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bipedalism is a human-defining trait1–3. It is made possible by the familiar, bowl-shaped pelvis, whose short, wide iliac blades curve along the sides of the body to stabilize walking and support internal organs and a large-brained, broad-shouldered baby4–6. The ilium changes compared with living primates are an evolutionary novelty7. However, how this evolution came about remains unknown. Here, using a multifaceted histological, comparative genomic and functional genomic approach, we identified the developmental bases of the morphogenetic shifts in the human pelvis that made bipedalism possible. First, we observe that the human ilium cartilage growth plate underwent a heterotopic shift, residing perpendicular to the orientation present in other primate (and mouse) ilia. Second, we observe heterochronic and heterotopic shifts in ossification that are unlike those in non-human primate ilia or human long bones. Ossification initiates posteriorly, resides externally with fibroblast (and perichondral) cells contributing to osteoblasts, and is delayed compared with other bones in humans and with primate ilia. Underlying these two shifts are regulatory changes in an integrated chondrocyte–perichondral–osteoblast pathway, involving complex hierarchical interactions between SOX9–ZNF521–PTH1R and RUNX2–FOXP1/2. These innovations facilitated further growth of the human pelvis and the unique formation of the ilium among primates. The human pelvis exhibits distinct spatiotemporal ossification patterns and an ilium cartilage growth plate that is shifted perpendicularly compared with those of other mammals and non-human primates—two key adaptations that underlie bipedalism.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Senevirathne, Gayani and Fernandopulle, Serena C. and Richard, Daniel and Baumgart, Stephanie L. and Christensen, Anika Liv and Fabbri, Matteo and Höppner, Jakob and Jüppner, Harald and Li, Peishu and Bothe, Vivien and Fröbisch, Nadia and Simcock, Ian and Arthurs, Owen J. and Calder, Alistair and Freilich, Naomi and Nowlan, Niamh C. and Glass, Ian A. and Craft, April and Capellini, Terence D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09399-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {952-963}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The evolution of hominin bipedalism in two steps}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stronger el niños reduce tropical forest arthropod diversity and function. NATURE, 645(8082), 946-951. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There is ongoing debate about the vulnerability of arthropods to climate change1,2. Long-term impacts of climate change on arthropod communities could manifest through short-term weather patterns3. Arthropods in the tropics are hyper-diverse4,5 and contribute many crucial ecosystem functions6,7, but are comparatively less studied than in temperate regions1,8,9. Tropical forest arthropods and the functions that they provide may be vulnerable to intensified El Niño events under climate change10–12. Here we perform time-series analysis of data from primary tropical forests, which reveal long-term declines in arthropod diversity and function that were linked to El Niño occurrence. In the Americas, species losses correlated with El Niño sensitivity, and abundant species fluctuated according to feeding traits and level of ecological specialization. Parallel declines in butterflies in Southeast Asia suggested that impacts spanned continents. Predicted arthropod diversity changes correlated with observed rates of invertebrate-mediated decomposition and leaf herbivory, which were oscillating and crashing, respectively, across the tropics. Our analyses suggest that an intensified El Niño immediately threatens tropical forest arthropods and the ecosystem functions that they provide. The broader consequences remain unknown, but such widespread changes could fundamentally alter tropical forest ecosystems13. Long-term monitoring of arthropod diversity and forest functioning across the tropics is paramount, as is researching the potential mechanisms that underly this novel threat. Time-series data from tropical forests tracking weather and declines in arthropod diversity and function show that fluctuations in species were largely dependent on their El Niño sensitivity and ecological specialization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharp, Adam C. and Boyle, Michael J. W. and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Guo, Yirong and Kitching, Roger L. and Stork, Nigel E. and Zeng, Xiaoyi and Ashton, Louise A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09351-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {946-951}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stronger el niños reduce tropical forest arthropod diversity and function}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Volcanic crisis reveals coupled magma system at santorini and kolumbo. NATURE, 645(8082), 939-945. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Volcanic crises, driven by renewed magma inflow and migration, result in surface deformation and seismicity that can provide unique insights into the structure of volcanic systems and magmatic processes. Although the highly explosive volcanoes of Santorini and Kolumbo1,2 in the Greek Aegean Sea are just 7 km apart, their potentially coupled deep magmatic feeding systems are only poorly understood3,4. The 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis of Santorini simultaneously affected both volcanic centres, providing insights into a complex, multistorage feeder system. Here we integrate onshore and marine seismological data with geodetic measurements to reconstruct magma migration before and during the crisis. Gradual inflation in the Santorini caldera, beginning in mid-2024, preceded the January 2025 intrusion of a magma-filled dike sourced from a mid-crustal reservoir beneath Kolumbo, indicating a link between the two volcanoes. Joint inversion of ground and satellite-based deformation data indicates that approximately 0.31 km3 of magma intruded as an approximately 13-km-long dike, reactivating principal regional faults and arresting 3–5 km below the seafloor. The 2024–2025 resurgence of magmatic activity beneath both volcanic centres and their apparent coupling provides insights into the dynamic interplay of magma storage, transport and reservoir failure beneath neighbouring volcanoes. Seismological and geodetic data are used together with a machine learning earthquake catalogue to reconstruct magma migration before and during the 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis at Santorini volcano, indicating a coupling between Santorini and Kolumbo.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Isken, Marius P. and Karstens, Jens and Nomikou, Paraskevi and Parks, Michelle Maree and Drouin, Vincent and Rivalta, Eleonora and Crutchley, Gareth J. and Haghighi, Mahmud Haghshenas and Hooft, Emilie E. E. and Cesca, Simone and Walter, Thomas R. and Hainzl, Sebastian and Saul, Joachim and Anastasiou, Dimitris and Raptakis, Kostas and Shapiro, Nikolai M. and Münchmeyer, Jannes and Higueret, Quentin and Soubestre, Jean and Brenguier, Florent and Hufstetler, Rebeckah S. and Autumn, Kaisa R. and Tsakiri, Maria and Lange, Dietrich and Kopp, Heidrun and Urlaub, Morelia and Blanch Jover, María and Preine, Jonas and Hübscher, Christian and Motagh, Mahdi and Müller, Daniel and Dahm, Torsten and Berndt, Christian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09525-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {939-945}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Volcanic crisis reveals coupled magma system at santorini and kolumbo}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of alkylidenecyclopropanes. NATURE, 645(8082), 932-938. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The enantioselective construction of small-ring carbocycles provides organic chemists with an enduring challenge1. Despite their commercial importance, enantioselective synthetic routes towards alkylidenecyclopropanes, a class of small-ring carbocycles, remain underdeveloped2,3. Alkylidenecyclopropanes can be converted into cyclopropanes, a common feature in drug molecules (for example, Nirmatrelvir 1)4, as well as both naturally occurring and synthetic agrochemicals (for example, permethrin 2)5,6. Here we describe the facile synthesis of highly enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes through the use of a bifunctional iminophosphorane catalysed, stereo-controlled, strain-relieving deconjugation. Small modifications to the basic catalyst system were used to broaden the scope of the reaction to substrates containing ester, amide, phosphine oxide and ketone functionalities. Through the design of a suitable substrate and retuning of the catalyst’s iminophosphorane moiety, the transformation was effectively applied to the synthesis of a single stereoisomer of the commonplace insecticide permethrin as well as a range of cyclopropane-based insecticide cores. State-of-the-art computational studies were performed to provide detailed insights into the mechanistic pathway and origin of both diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.  A bifunctional iminophosphorane-catalysed, stereo-controlled deconjugation for the synthesis of highly enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes is described, alongside computational studies elucidating the mechanistic pathway and origins of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Golec, Jonathan C. and Tan, Dong-Hang and Yamazaki, Ken and Tiekink, Eveline H. and Christensen, Kirsten E. and Hamlin, Trevor A. and Dixon, Darren J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09485-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {932-938}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of alkylidenecyclopropanes}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Robot-assisted mapping of chemical reaction hyperspaces and networks. NATURE, 645(8082), 922-931. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite decades of investigation, it remains unclear (and hard to predict1–4) how the outcomes of chemical reactions change over multidimensional ‘hyperspaces’ defined by reaction conditions5. Whereas human chemists can explore only a limited subset of these manifolds, automated platforms6–12 can generate thousands of reactions in parallel. Yet, purification and yield quantification remain bottlenecks, constrained by time-consuming and resource-intensive analytical techniques. As a result, our understanding of reaction hyperspaces remains fragmentary7,9,13–16. Are yield distributions smooth or corrugated? Do they conceal mechanistically new reactions? Can major products vary across different regions? Here, to address these questions, we developed a low-cost robotic platform using primarily optical detection to quantify yields of products and by-products at unprecedented throughput and minimal cost per condition. Scanning hyperspaces across thousands of conditions, we find and prove mathematically that, for continuous variables (concentrations, temperatures), individual yield distributions are generally slow-varying. At the same time, we uncover hyperspace regions of unexpected reactivity as well as switchovers between major products. Moreover, by systematically surveying substrate proportions, we reconstruct underlying reaction networks and expose hidden intermediates and products—even in reactions studied for well over a century. This hyperspace-scanning approach provides a versatile and scalable framework for reaction optimization and discovery. Crucially, it can help identify conditions under which complex mixtures can be driven cleanly towards different major products, thereby expanding synthetic diversity while reducing chemical input requirements. A low-cost robotic platform using mainly optical detection to quantify yields of products and by-products allows the analysis of multidimensional chemical reaction hyperspaces and networks much faster than is possible by human chemists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Yankai and Frydrych, Rafał and Sobolev, Yaroslav I. and Wong, Wai-Shing and Prajapati, Bibek and Matuszczyk, Daniel and Bilgi, Yasemin and Gadina, Louis and Ahumada, Juan Carlos and Moldagulov, Galymzhan and Kim, Namhun and Larsen, Eric S. and Deschamps, Maxence and Jiang, Yanqiu and Grzybowski, Bartosz A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09490-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {922-931}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Robot-assisted mapping of chemical reaction hyperspaces and networks}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stabilizing effect of amino acids on protein and colloidal dispersions. NATURE, 645(8082), 915-921. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amino acids (AAs) have a long history of being used as stabilizers for biological media1. For example, they are important components in biomedical formulations. The effect of AAs on biological systems is also starting to be appreciated. For example, it is believed that water-stressed cells increase the levels of AAs to prevent protein aggregation2. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding their function, ranging from water-structuring3 to hydrotropic4 to specific effects such as stabilization against misfolding, yet it is not known whether their stabilizing function is protein specific or a generic colloidal property. Here we deduce that AAs possess a new and broad colloidal property: they stabilize patchy nanoscale colloids by adsorbing onto their surfaces through weak interactions. We demonstrate this general property by careful experimental evaluation of the stabilizing effect of AAs on dispersions of various proteins, plasmid DNA and non-biological nanoparticles. Furthermore, we develop a theoretical framework that captures this phenomenon and experimentally corroborate several new broad theoretical implications that apply beyond AAs. In vivo experiments further demonstrate that the addition of 1 M proline to insulin doubles its bioavailability in blood. Overall, our results indicate that the role of small molecules is as important as that of ionic strength and should always be reported in biophysics experiments. Amino acids possess a new and broad colloidal property: they stabilize patchy nanoscale colloids, such as proteins, by adsorbing onto their surfaces through weak interactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mao, Ting and Xu, Xufeng and Winkler, Pamina M. and Siri, Cécilia and Poliukhina, Ekaterina and Silva, Paulo Jacob and Xu, Nan and Hu, Yu and Al Zahabi, Karim and La Polla, Rémi and Luo, Zhi and Ong, Quy and Alexander-Katz, Alfredo and Stellacci, Francesco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09506-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {915-921}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stabilizing effect of amino acids on protein and colloidal dispersions}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrostatic-repulsion-based transfer of van der waals materials. NATURE, 645(8082), 906-914. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Van der Waals (vdW) materials offer unique opportunities for 3D integration1,2 of planar circuits towards higher-density transistors and energy-efficient computation3–7. Owing to the high thermal budget and special substrate requirement for the synthesis of high-quality vdW materials8–10, an advanced transfer technique is required that can simultaneously meet a broad range of industrial requirements, including high intactness, cleanliness and speed, large scale, low cost and versatility. However, previous efforts based on either etching or etching-free mechanisms typically only improve one or two of the aforementioned aspects11–13 and a comprehensive and systematic solution remains lacking. Here we demonstrate an electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique that is etching free, high yield, fast, wafer scale, low cost and widely applicable, using ammonia solution compatible with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry. The high material intactness and interface cleanliness enable superior device performances in 2D field-effect transistors with 100% yield, near-zero hysteresis (7 mV) and near-ideal subthreshold swing (65.9 mV dec−1). The combination with bismuth contact further enables an ultrahigh on-current of 1.3 mA μm−1 under 1 V bias. This advanced transfer approach offers a facile and manufacturing-viable solution for vdW-materials-based electronics, paving the way for advanced 3D integration in the future. An electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique based on ammonia solution is introduced for separating van der Waals thin-film materials from their substrates, demonstrating suitability for its use in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zheng, Xudong and Wang, Jiangtao and Jiang, Jianfeng and Zhang, Tianyi and Zhu, Jiadi and Dang, Tong and Wu, Peng and Lu, Ang-Yu and Chen, Ding-Rui and Yang, Tilo H. and Zhang, Xinyuan and Zhang, Kenan and Ma, Kyung Yeol and Wang, Zhien and Yao, Aijia and Liu, Haomin and Wan, Yi and Hsieh, Ya-Ping and Bulović, Vladimir and Palacios, Tomás and Kong, Jing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09510-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {906-914}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrostatic-repulsion-based transfer of van der waals materials}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observing differential spin currents by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. NATURE, 645(8082), 900-905. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Controlling spin currents, that is, the flow of spin angular momentum, in small magnetic devices, is the principal objective of spin electronics, a main contender for future energy-efficient information technologies1,2. A pure spin current has never been measured directly because the associated electric stray fields and/or shifts in the non-equilibrium spin-dependent distribution functions are too small for conventional experimental detection methods optimized for charge transport3,4. Here we report that resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can bridge this gap by measuring the spin current carried by magnons—the quanta of the spin wave excitations of the magnetic order—in the presence of temperature gradients across a magnetic insulator. This is possible due to the sensitivity of the momentum- and energy-resolved RIXS intensity to minute changes in the magnon distribution under non-equilibrium conditions. We use the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation to extract transport parameters, such as the magnon lifetime at finite momentum, essential for the realization of magnon spintronics. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering can be used to measure the spin current carried by magnons in the presence of temperature gradients across a magnetic insulator.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gu, Yanhong and Barker, Joseph and Li, Jiemin and Kikkawa, Takashi and Camino, Fernando and Kisslinger, Kim and Sinsheimer, John and Lienhard, Lukas and Bauer, Jackson J. and Ross, Caroline A. and Basov, Dmitri N. and Saitoh, Eiji and Pelliciari, Jonathan and Bauer, Gerrit E. W. and Bisogni, Valentina}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09488-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {900-905}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observing differential spin currents by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atomic-scale imaging of frequency-dependent phonon anisotropy. NATURE, 645(8082), 893-899. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Directly visualizing vibrational anisotropy in individual phonon modes is essential for understanding a wide range of intriguing optical, thermal and elastic phenomena in materials1–5. Although conventional optical and diffraction techniques have been used to estimate vibrational anisotropies, they fall short in achieving the spatial and energy resolution necessary to provide detailed information4–7. Here, we introduce a new form of momentum-selective electron energy-loss spectroscopy, which enables the element-resolved imaging of frequency- and symmetry-dependent vibrational anisotropies with atomic resolution. Vibrational anisotropies manifest in different norms of orthogonal atomic displacements, known as thermal ellipsoids. Using the centrosymmetric strontium titanate as a model system, we observed two distinct types of oxygen vibrations with contrasting anisotropies: oblate thermal ellipsoids below 60 meV and prolate ones above 60 meV. In non-centrosymmetric barium titanate, our approach can detect subtle distortions of the oxygen octahedra by observing the unexpected modulation of q-selective signals between apical and equatorial oxygen sites near 55 meV, which originates from reduced crystal symmetry and may also be linked to ferroelectric polarization. These observations are quantitatively supported by theoretical modelling, which demonstrates the reliability of our approach. The measured frequency-dependent vibrational anisotropies shed new light on the dielectric and thermal behaviours governed by acoustic and optical phonons. The ability to visualize phonon eigenvectors at specific crystallographic sites with unprecedented spatial and energy resolution opens new avenues for exploring dielectric, optical, thermal and superconducting properties. A new form of momentum-selective electron energy-loss spectroscopy enables the element-resolved imaging of frequency- and symmetry-dependent vibrational anisotropies with atomic resolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yan, Xingxu and Zeiger, Paul M. and Huang, Yifeng and Sun, Haoying and Li, Jie and Gadre, Chaitanya A. and Yang, Hongbin and He, Ri and Aoki, Toshihiro and Zhong, Zhicheng and Nie, Yuefeng and Wu, Ruqian and Rusz, Ján and Pan, Xiaoqing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09511-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {893-899}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atomic-scale imaging of frequency-dependent phonon anisotropy}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Analogue speech recognition based on physical computing. NATURE, 645(8082), 886-892. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With the rise of decentralized computing, such as in the Internet of Things, autonomous driving and personalized healthcare, it is increasingly important to process time-dependent signals ‘at the edge’ efficiently: right at the place where the temporal data are collected, avoiding time-consuming, insecure and costly communication with a centralized computing facility (or ‘cloud’). However, modern-day processors often cannot meet the restrained power and time budgets of edge systems because of intrinsic limitations imposed by their architecture (von Neumann bottleneck) or domain conversions (analogue to digital and time to frequency). Here we propose an edge temporal-signal processor based on two in-materia computing systems for both feature extraction and classification, reaching near-software accuracy for the TI-46-Word1 and Google Speech Commands2 datasets. First, a nonlinear, room-temperature reconfigurable-nonlinear-processing-unit3,4 layer realizes analogue, time-domain feature extraction from the raw audio signals, similar to the human cochlea. Second, an analogue in-memory computing chip5, consisting of memristive crossbar arrays, implements a compact neural network trained on the extracted features for classification. With submillisecond latency, reconfigurable-nonlinear-processing-unit-based feature extraction consuming roughly 300 nJ per inference, and the analogue in-memory computing-based classifier using around 78 µJ (with potential for roughly 10 µJ)6, our findings offer a promising avenue for advancing the compactness, efficiency and performance of heterogeneous smart edge processors through in materia computing hardware. A temporal-signal processor based on two in-materia computing hardware platforms—reconfigurable nonlinear-processing units (RNPUs) and analogue in-memory computing (AIMC)—is used for both feature extraction and classification, advancing compactness, efficiency, and performance of heterogeneous smart edge devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zolfagharinejad, Mohamadreza and Büchel, Julian and Cassola, Lorenzo and Kinge, Sachin and Syed, Ghazi Sarwat and Sebastian, Abu and van der Wiel, Wilfred G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09501-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {886-892}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Analogue speech recognition based on physical computing}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The biodiversity cell atlas: Mapping the tree of life at cellular resolution. NATURE, 645(8082), 877-885. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cell types are fundamental functional units that can be traced across the tree of life. Rapid advances in single-cell technologies, coupled with the phylogenetic expansion in genome sequencing, present opportunities for the molecular characterization of cells across a broad range of organisms. Despite these developments, our understanding of eukaryotic cell diversity remains limited and we are far from decoding this diversity from genome sequences. Here we introduce the Biodiversity Cell Atlas initiative, which aims to create comprehensive single-cell molecular atlases across the eukaryotic tree of life. This community effort will be phylogenetically informed, rely on high-quality genomes and use shared standards to facilitate comparisons across species. The Biodiversity Cell Atlas aspires to deepen our understanding of the evolution and diversity of life at the cellular level, encompassing gene regulatory programs, differentiation trajectories, cell-type-specific molecular profiles and inter-organismal interactions. The Biodiversity Cell Atlas aims to create comprehensive single-cell molecular atlases across the eukaryotic tree of life, which will be phylogenetically informed, rely on high-quality genomes and use shared standards to facilitate comparisons across species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau and Tanay, Amos and Lawniczak, Mara K. N. and Arendt, Detlev and Aerts, Stein and Archibald, John and Arnone, Maria Ina and Blaxter, Mark and Cleves, Phillip and Coelho, Susana M. and Dias, Mafalda and Dunn, Casey and Elek, Anamaria and Frazer, Jonathan and Gabaldón, Toni and Gillis, Jesse and Grau-Bové, Xavier and Guigó, Roderic and Hobert, Oliver and Huerta-Cepas, Jaime and Irimia, Manuel and Klein, Allon and Lewin, Harris and Lowe, Christopher J. and Marlow, Heather and Musser, Jacob M. and Nagy, László G. and Najle, Sebastián R. and Pachter, Lior and Paez, Sadye and Papatheodorou, Irene and Passalacqua, Michael J. and Rajewsky, Nikolaus and Rhee, Seung Y. and Richards, Thomas A. and Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana and Saunders, Lauren M. and Seuntjens, Eve and Solana, Jordi and Song, Yuyao and Technau, Ulrich and Wang, Bo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09312-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {877-885}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The biodiversity cell atlas: Mapping the tree of life at cellular resolution}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The geoeconomic turn in decarbonization. NATURE, 645(8082), 869-876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The rise of green industrial policy is transforming efforts to decarbonize the global economy and mitigate climate change. The first three decades of climate policy centred on international cooperation on dividing up the costs of mitigation. In the new era of green industrial policy, geoeconomic competition for the benefits of decarbonization has emerged alongside international cooperation on emissions reductions. Governments invest in the manufacturing and deployment of clean technologies to advance economic development, energy security and emissions cuts. Geoeconomic competition has the potential to accelerate global decarbonization by facilitating greater technology deployment, speeding up technology cost declines and, thus, lowering the barriers to climate action. However, it also creates major pitfalls by facilitating the rise of trade protectionism, creating international conflict, and reproducing economic divides between richer and poorer, yet growing, countries. It is thus uncertain how the geoeconomic turn will impact global decarbonization. Meanwhile, policymakers are asking fundamental questions about how to design industrial policy, manage politics, develop institutions, and deal with the trade-offs between economic, climate and security goals. This Perspective demonstrates the recent geoeconomic turn in decarbonization, lays out its implications for policymaking, identifies global spillovers and addresses research needs. The rise of green industrial policy is transforming decarbonization efforts; the implications for policymaking and global spillovers are discussed, as well as research needs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meckling, Jonas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09416-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {869-876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The geoeconomic turn in decarbonization}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exercise improves survival of some people with colon cancer, clinical trial shows. NATURE, 645(8082), 866-867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most studies on how exercise affects the survival of people with cancer have been observational. A clinical trial provides compelling evidence of the benefits of physical activity. Most studies on how exercise affects the survival of people with cancer have been observational. A clinical trial provides compelling evidence of the benefits of physical activity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chan, Doris S. M. and Gunter, Marc J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02591-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {866-867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exercise improves survival of some people with colon cancer, clinical trial shows}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Head start: Fossil clues about how bodies evolved from two-fold to five-fold symmetry. NATURE, 645(8082), 864-865. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How the five-fold symmetrical bodies of starfish and other echinoderms evolved is a mystery. New evidence fills in a key piece of the puzzle. How the five-fold symmetrical bodies of starfish and other echinoderms evolved is a mystery. New evidence fills in a key piece of the puzzle.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wray, Gregory A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02818-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {864-865}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Head start: Fossil clues about how bodies evolved from two-fold to five-fold symmetry}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Oestrogen defends against kidney damage caused by iron-dependent cell death. NATURE, 645(8082), 862-864. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Differences in protection against ferroptosis explain why men and postmenopausal women are more susceptible than premenopausal women to acute kidney injury. Differences in protection against ferroptosis explain why men and postmenopausal women are more susceptible than premenopausal women to acute kidney injury.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vanden Berghe, Tom}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02422-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {862-864}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Oestrogen defends against kidney damage caused by iron-dependent cell death}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Robotic system takes chemistry into hyperspace. NATURE, 645(8082), 861-862. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Exploring multidimensional ‘landscapes’ of chemical reactions provides rich insights into how they work, and might even enable the discovery of new forms of reactivity. Exploring multidimensional ‘landscapes’ of chemical reactions provides rich insights into how they work, and might even enable the discovery of new forms of reactivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, William E.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02821-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {861-862}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Robotic system takes chemistry into hyperspace}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The perplexing body plan of arrow worms decoded. NATURE, 645(8082), 860-861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A genome sequence and single-cell atlas of a marine worm species point towards bursts of gene emergence, duplication and loss as the drivers of lineage-specific body traits. A genome sequence and single-cell atlas of a marine worm species point towards bursts of gene emergence, duplication and loss as the drivers of lineage-specific body traits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lewin, Thomas D. and Luo, Yi-Jyun}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02423-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {860-861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The perplexing body plan of arrow worms decoded}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the pelvis evolved to enable human bipedalism. NATURE, 645(8082), 858-859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analyses of pelvis development in humans and other primates reveal how changes in bone-patterning processes helped humans to gain the ability to walk upright. Analyses of pelvis development in humans and other primates reveal how changes in bone-patterning processes helped humans to gain the ability to walk upright.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berthelot, Camille}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02424-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {858-859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the pelvis evolved to enable human bipedalism}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrostatic-based transfer keeps 2D materials ultra-clean. NATURE, 645(8082), 857-858. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A technique that spontaneously detaches a 2D material from the substrate on which it was grown creates high-quality nanoscale electronic devices. A technique that spontaneously detaches a 2D material from the substrate on which it was grown creates high-quality nanoscale electronic devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meng, Wanqing and Li, Lain-Jong}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02822-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {857-858}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrostatic-based transfer keeps 2D materials ultra-clean}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s private higher-education sector is at a turning point. NATURE, 645(8082), 856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feng, Yanchao and Hu, Shilei}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03089-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s private higher-education sector is at a turning point}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US investment in african food systems will have global benefits. NATURE, 645(8082), 856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barrett, Christopher B. and Herrero, Mario and Djikeng, Appolinaire and Fanzo, Jessica}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03090-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US investment in african food systems will have global benefits}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Combat the human-made causes of spain’s wildfires. NATURE, 645(8082), 856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Avilés, Jesús Miguel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03091-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Combat the human-made causes of spain’s wildfires}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-standing marine reserves need continued support. NATURE, 645(8082), 856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kersting, Diego K. and Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A. and Templado, José and Sala, Enric}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03100-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-standing marine reserves need continued support}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Universities must move with the times: How six scholars tackle AI, mental health and more. NATURE, 645(8082), 852-855. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Societies are evolving, and so must higher education. Researchers describe initiatives that can help to create stimulating and nurturing environments fit for today’s learning landscape. Societies are evolving, and so must higher education. Researchers describe initiatives that can help to create stimulating and nurturing environments fit for today’s learning landscape.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Ya-Qin and Jagannathan, Ramesh and Pires de Carvalho, Denise and Dougan, Lorna and Ganesh Pichamuthu, Bala and Ndlovu, Sibonokuhle}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03031-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {852-855}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Universities must move with the times: How six scholars tackle AI, mental health and more}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How universities came to be — And why they are in trouble now. NATURE, 645(8082), 849-851. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {What and who universities are for has changed considerably since the Second World War, leaving long-standing institutions ill-equipped to cope with current financial and political challenges. What and who universities are for has changed considerably since the Second World War, leaving long-standing institutions ill-equipped to cope with current financial and political challenges.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Altbach, Philip G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03030-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {849-851}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How universities came to be — And why they are in trouble now}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reviving the past and designing the future: Books in brief. NATURE, 645(8082), 847. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03050-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {847}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reviving the past and designing the future: Books in brief}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What drove the rise of civilizations? a decades-long quest points to warfare. NATURE, 645(8082), 845-847. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An ambitious analysis of a vast trove of data from 800 societies around the world concludes that there’s safety in numbers. An ambitious analysis of a vast trove of data from 800 societies around the world concludes that there’s safety in numbers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Spinney, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03033-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {845-847}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What drove the rise of civilizations? a decades-long quest points to warfare}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fighting climate change takes more than data — It needs wonder, love and hope. NATURE, 645(8082), 843-844. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An informative and highly accessible book discusses climate change, its impacts and challenges to mitigating global warming through a compelling personal account. An informative and highly accessible book discusses climate change, its impacts and challenges to mitigating global warming through a compelling personal account.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Muttarak, Raya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03032-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {843-844}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fighting climate change takes more than data — It needs wonder, love and hope}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The mini placentas and ovaries revealing the basics of women’s health. NATURE, 645(8082), 840-842. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lab-made organoids that mimic reproductive tissues could point to treatments for common conditions such as pre-eclampsia and endometriosis. Lab-made organoids that mimic reproductive tissues could point to treatments for common conditions such as pre-eclampsia and endometriosis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Willyard, Cassandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03029-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {840-842}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The mini placentas and ovaries revealing the basics of women’s health}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The great university shake-up: Four charts show how global higher education is changing. NATURE, 645(8082), 836-839. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More students than ever are studying across international borders, but where and what they learn is shifting. More students than ever are studying across international borders, but where and what they learn is shifting.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03028-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {836-839}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The great university shake-up: Four charts show how global higher education is changing}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dinosaur egg dated directly for the first time. NATURE, 645(8082), 834. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Laser method could help to pinpoint the age of many fossils, but some palaeontologists say further research is needed to verify the technique. Laser method could help to pinpoint the age of many fossils, but some palaeontologists say further research is needed to verify the technique.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basu, Mohana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02904-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {834}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dinosaur egg dated directly for the first time}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump team disbands controversial US climate panel. NATURE, 645(8082), 833-834. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A report by the panel downplays the ills of global warming and was key to White House efforts to revoke federal authority to regulate climate policies. A report by the panel downplays the ills of global warming and was key to White House efforts to revoke federal authority to regulate climate policies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02942-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {833-834}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump team disbands controversial US climate panel}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). When AI rejects your grant proposal: Algorithms are helping to make funding decisions. NATURE, 645(8082), 832-833. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A Spanish foundation using an artificial-intelligence tool to screen grant applications says it makes the peer-review process more efficient, but other researchers say it’s a breakdown in trust. A Spanish foundation using an artificial-intelligence tool to screen grant applications says it makes the peer-review process more efficient, but other researchers say it’s a breakdown in trust.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adam, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02852-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {832-833}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {When AI rejects your grant proposal: Algorithms are helping to make funding decisions}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Weird ‘time crystals’ are made visible at last. NATURE, 645(8082), 831-832. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Time crystals, a state of matter once thought physically impossible, could soon be on a banknote. Time crystals, a state of matter once thought physically impossible, could soon be on a banknote.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02939-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {831-832}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Weird ‘time crystals’ are made visible at last}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Revolutionary’ AI tools rescue old weather data to improve climate models. NATURE, 645(8082), 830-831. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Specialist machine-learning models are helping researchers to transcribe centuries-old handwritten records. Specialist machine-learning models are helping researchers to transcribe centuries-old handwritten records.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02798-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {830-831}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Revolutionary’ AI tools rescue old weather data to improve climate models}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mysterious changes near earth’s core revealed by satellites in space. NATURE, 645(8082), 829. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Orbiters can pick up gravitational shifts thousands of kilometres below the surface. Orbiters can pick up gravitational shifts thousands of kilometres below the surface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03007-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {829}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mysterious changes near earth’s core revealed by satellites in space}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). LIGO is 10 years old: Black-hole breakthroughs will ‘only get better’. NATURE, 645(8082), 827-828. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A decade after the pair of observatories first detected gravitational waves, researchers are drawing up ambitious plans for its successors. A decade after the pair of observatories first detected gravitational waves, researchers are drawing up ambitious plans for its successors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02941-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {827-828}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {LIGO is 10 years old: Black-hole breakthroughs will ‘only get better’}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Smoke-dried mummies pre-date egypt’s embalmed bodies. NATURE, 645(8082), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Remains buried in Asia in a crouching position are thought to be oldest known examples of intentionally mummified burials. Remains buried in Asia in a crouching position are thought to be oldest known examples of intentionally mummified burials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02988-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Smoke-dried mummies pre-date egypt’s embalmed bodies}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare comet photobombs telescope’s view of the cosmos. NATURE, 645(8082), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The TESS exoplanet-hunting satellite accidentally captures images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS. The TESS exoplanet-hunting satellite accidentally captures images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02990-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare comet photobombs telescope’s view of the cosmos}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Soft robot steers itself down the human airway. NATURE, 645(8082), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Device can place an emergency breathing tube in the trachea faster than medical personnel can, even those with extensive training. Device can place an emergency breathing tube in the trachea faster than medical personnel can, even those with extensive training.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02991-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Soft robot steers itself down the human airway}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A plant-forward menu is linked to lower diabetes risk. NATURE, 645(8082), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Regimens that sideline animal products are associated with both environmental and health benefits, according to study of nearly 24,000 people. Regimens that sideline animal products are associated with both environmental and health benefits, according to study of nearly 24,000 people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02992-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A plant-forward menu is linked to lower diabetes risk}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How can universities train the skilled workers of tomorrow?. NATURE, 645(8082), 824. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The high cost of running educational laboratories is hindering industrial progress. An innovative path forwards must be charted. The high cost of running educational laboratories is hindering industrial progress. An innovative path forwards must be charted.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Warren, Roseanne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03070-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {824}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How can universities train the skilled workers of tomorrow?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Universities under fire must harness more of the financial value they create. NATURE, 645(8082), 823. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Attacks on US academic institutions miss the point that they generate wealth for society. Tapping even some of that could keep innovation going. Attacks on US academic institutions miss the point that they generate wealth for society. Tapping even some of that could keep innovation going.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Yasheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03027-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {823}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Universities under fire must harness more of the financial value they create}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Universities are — And must continue to be — A force for good. NATURE, 645(8082), 821. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From funding squeezes to political attacks, higher education is in trouble in many parts of the world. Fresh ideas will allow the sector to thrive and deliver value for society. From funding squeezes to political attacks, higher education is in trouble in many parts of the world. Fresh ideas will allow the sector to thrive and deliver value for society.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03065-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8082}, pages = {821}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Universities are — And must continue to be — A force for good}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Multiple oestradiol functions inhibit ferroptosis and acute kidney injury. NATURE, 645(8081), E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tonnus, Wulf and Maremonti, Francesca and Gavali, Shubhangi and Schlecht, Marlena Nastassja and Gembardt, Florian and Belavgeni, Alexia and Leinung, Nadja and Flade, Karolin and Bethe, Natalie and Traikov, Sofia and Haag, Anne and Schilling, Danny and Penkov, Sider and Mallais, Melodie and Gaillet, Christine and Meyer, Claudia and Katebi, Melika and Ray, Anushka and Gerhardt, Louisa M. S. and Brucker, Anne and Becker, Jorunn Naila and Tmava, Mirela and Schlicker, Lisa and Schulze, Almut and Himmerkus, Nina and Shevchenko, Andrej and Peitzsch, Mirko and Barayeu, Uladzimir and Nasi, Sonia and Putz, Juliane and Korach, Kenneth S. and Neugarten, Joel and Golestaneh, Ladan and Hugo, Christian and Becker, Jan Ulrich and Weinberg, Joel M. and Lorenz, Svenja and Proneth, Bettina and Conrad, Marcus and Wolf, Eckhard and Plietker, Bernd and Rodriguez, Raphaël and Pratt, Derek A. and Dick, Tobias P. and Fedorova, Maria and Bornstein, Stefan R. and Linkermann, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09562-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Multiple oestradiol functions inhibit ferroptosis and acute kidney injury}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Dual neuromodulatory dynamics underlie birdsong learning. NATURE, 645(8081), E8. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qi, Jiaxuan and Schreiner, Drew C. and Martinez, Miles and Pearson, John and Mooney, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09563-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Dual neuromodulatory dynamics underlie birdsong learning}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Endophilin marks and controls a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway. NATURE, 645(8081), E7. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Boucrot, Emmanuel and Ferreira, Antonio P. A. and Almeida-Souza, Leonardo and Debard, Sylvain and Vallis, Yvonne and Howard, Gillian and Bertot, Laetitia and Sauvonnet, Nathalie and McMahon, Harvey T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09552-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Endophilin marks and controls a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Complex genetic variation in nearly complete human genomes. NATURE, 645(8081), E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Logsdon, Glennis A. and Ebert, Peter and Audano, Peter A. and Loftus, Mark and Porubsky, David and Ebler, Jana and Yilmaz, Feyza and Hallast, Pille and Prodanov, Timofey and Yoo, DongAhn and Paisie, Carolyn A. and Harvey, William T. and Zhao, Xuefang and Martino, Gianni V. and Henglin, Mir and Munson, Katherine M. and Rabbani, Keon and Chin, Chen-Shan and Gu, Bida and Ashraf, Hufsah and Scholz, Stephan and Austine-Orimoloye, Olanrewaju and Balachandran, Parithi and Bonder, Marc Jan and Cheng, Haoyu and Chong, Zechen and Crabtree, Jonathan and Gerstein, Mark and Guethlein, Lisbeth A. and Hasenfeld, Patrick and Hickey, Glenn and Hoekzema, Kendra and Hunt, Sarah E. and Jensen, Matthew and Jiang, Yunzhe and Koren, Sergey and Kwon, Youngjun and Li, Chong and Li, Heng and Li, Jiaqi and Norman, Paul J. and Oshima, Keisuke K. and Paten, Benedict and Phillippy, Adam M. and Pollock, Nicholas R. and Rausch, Tobias and Rautiainen, Mikko and Song, Yuwei and Söylev, Arda and Sulovari, Arvis and Surapaneni, Likhitha and Tsapalou, Vasiliki and Zhou, Weichen and Zhou, Ying and Zhu, Qihui and Zody, Michael C. and Mills, Ryan E. and Devine, Scott E. and Shi, Xinghua and Talkowski, Michael E. and Chaisson, Mark J. P. and Dilthey, Alexander T. and Konkel, Miriam K. and Korbel, Jan O. and Lee, Charles and Beck, Christine R. and Eichler, Evan E. and Marschall, Tobias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09547-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Complex genetic variation in nearly complete human genomes}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology. NATURE, 645(8081), E5. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Hong-Gyun and Rone, Joseph M. and Li, Zhaorong and Akl, Camilo Faust and Shin, Seung Won and Lee, Joon-Hyuk and Flausino, Lucas E. and Pernin, Florian and Chao, Chun-Cheih and Kleemann, Kilian L. and Srun, Lena and Illouz, Tomer and Giovannoni, Federico and Charabati, Marc and Sanmarco, Liliana M. and Kenison, Jessica E. and Piester, Gavin and Zandee, Stephanie E. J. and Antel, Jack P. and Rothhammer, Veit and Wheeler, Michael A. and Prat, Alexandre and Clark, Iain C. and Quintana, Francisco J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09546-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E5}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion. NATURE, 645(8081), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yan, Yuyang and Antolin, Nuria and Zhou, Luming and Xu, Luyang and Vargas, Irene Lisa and Gomez, Carlos Daniel and Kong, Guiping and Palmisano, Ilaria and Yang, Yi and Chadwick, Jessica and Müller, Franziska and Bull, Anthony M. J. and Lo Celso, Cristina and Primiano, Guido and Servidei, Serenella and Perrier, Jean François and Bellardita, Carmelo and Di Giovanni, Simone}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09550-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sweet like chocolate: Researching in the shade of a cacao tree. NATURE, 645(8081), 814. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Naailah Ali aims to support cacao farmers in the West Indies by improving the bean-fermentation process. Naailah Ali aims to support cacao farmers in the West Indies by improving the bean-fermentation process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brazil, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02923-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {814}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sweet like chocolate: Researching in the shade of a cacao tree}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Lipstick on a pig’: How to fight back against a peer-review bully. NATURE, 645(8081), 809-812. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientific societies, journals, editors and researchers are pushing back against mean-spirited peer reviews. Scientific societies, journals, editors and researchers are pushing back against mean-spirited peer reviews.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zimmer, Katarina}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02922-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {809-812}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Lipstick on a pig’: How to fight back against a peer-review bully}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural and functional characterization of human sweet taste receptor. NATURE, 645(8081), 801-808. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sweet taste perception influences dietary choices and metabolic health. The human sweet taste receptor, a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer composed of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 (refs. 1,2), senses a wide range of sweet compounds—including natural sugars, artificial sweeteners and sweet proteins—and affects metabolic regulation beyond taste. However, the lack of three-dimensional structures hinders our understanding of its precise working mechanism. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the full-length human sweet taste receptor in apo and sucralose-bound states. These structures reveal a distinct asymmetric heterodimer architecture, with sucralose binding exclusively to the Venus flytrap domain of TAS1R2. Combining mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, this work delineates the sweetener-recognition modes in TAS1R2. Structural comparisons further uncover conformational changes upon ligand binding and a unique activation mechanism. These findings illuminate the signal transduction mechanisms of chemosensory receptors in the class C GPCR family and provide the molecular basis for the design of a new generation of sweeteners. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human sweet taste receptor in the apo and sucralose-bound states reveal its heterodimeric architecture and mechanisms of ligand binding and signal activation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Zongjun and Xu, Weixiu and Wu, Lijie and Yue, Xiaolei and Liu, Shenhui and Ding, Wei and Zhang, Jinyi and Meng, Bing and Zhao, Lianghao and Liu, Xiaoyan and Liu, Junlin and Liu, Zhi-Jie and Hua, Tian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09302-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {801-808}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural and functional characterization of human sweet taste receptor}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Programmable protein ligation on cell surfaces. NATURE, 645(8081), 793-800. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The surface landscapes of cells differ as a function of cell type and are frequently altered in disease contexts1–3. Exploiting such differences is key to many therapeutic strategies and is the basis for developing diagnostic and basic-science tools. State-of-the-art strategies typically target single surface antigens, but each individual receptor rarely defines the specific cell type4,5. The development of programmable molecular systems that integrate multiple cell-surface features to convert on-target inputs to user-defined outputs is therefore highly desirable. Here we describe an autonomous decision-making device driven by proximity-gated protein trans-splicing that allows local generation of an active protein from two otherwise inactive polypeptide fragments. We show that this protein-actuator platform can perform convergent protein ligation on designated cell surfaces, allowing highly selective generation of active proteins, which can either remain physically associated with the cell surface on which they were manufactured or be released into the surrounding milieu. Because of its intrinsic modularity and tunability, we demonstrate that the technology is compatible with different types of input, targeting modality and functional output, allowing for the localized interrogation or manipulation of cellular systems. A synthetic biology system called SMART has been developed that uses conditional protein splicing for the programmable ligation of functional proteins from previously defined molecular combinations on cell surfaces.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kofoed, Christian and Erkalo, Girum and Tay, Nicholas E. S. and Ye, Xuanjia and Lin, Yutong and Muir, Tom W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09287-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {793-800}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Programmable protein ligation on cell surfaces}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA N-glycosylation enables immune evasion and homeostatic efferocytosis. NATURE, 645(8081), 784-792. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glycosylation is central to the localization and function of biomolecules1. We recently discovered that small RNAs undergo N-glycosylation2 at the modified RNA base 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uridine (acp3U)3. However, the functional significance of N-glycosylation of RNAs is unknown. Here we show that the N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs. We found that de-N-glycosylation of cell-culture-derived and circulating human and mouse glycoRNA elicited potent inflammatory responses including the production of type I interferons in a Toll-like receptor 3- and Toll-like receptor 7-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that N-glycans on cell surface RNAs prevent apoptotic cells from triggering endosomal RNA sensors in efferocytes, thus facilitating the non-inflammatory clearance of dead cells. Mechanistically, N-glycans conceal the hypermodified uracil base acp3U, which we identified as immunostimulatory when exposed in RNA. Consistent with this, genetic deletion of an enzyme (DTWD2) that synthesizes acp3U abrogated innate immune activation by de-N-glycosylated small RNAs and apoptotic cells. Furthermore, synthetic acp3U-containing RNAs are sufficient to trigger innate immune responses. Thus, our study has uncovered a natural mechanism by which N-glycans block RNAs from inducing acp3U-dependent innate immune activation, demonstrating how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses. N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs, and the natural mechanism they use demonstrates how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Graziano, Vincent R. and Porat, Jennifer and Ah Kioon, Marie Dominique and Mejdrová, Ivana and Matz, Alyssa J. and Lebedenko, Charlotta G. and Chai, Peiyuan and Pluvinage, John V. and Ricci-Azevedo, Rafael and Harrison, Andrew G. and Wright, Skylar S. and Wang, Xinzheng and Strine, Madison S. and Wang, Penghua and Wilson, Michael R. and Vanaja, Sivapriya Kailasan and Zhou, Beiyan and Barrat, Franck J. and Carell, Thomas and Flynn, Ryan A. and Rathinam, Vijay A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09310-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {784-792}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA N-glycosylation enables immune evasion and homeostatic efferocytosis}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Excised DNA circles from V(D)J recombination promote relapsed leukaemia. NATURE, 645(8081), 774-783. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Extrachromosomal DNA amplification is associated with poor cancer prognoses1. Large numbers of excised signal circles (ESCs) are produced as by-products of antigen receptor rearrangement during V(D)J recombination2,3. However, current dogma states that ESCs are progressively lost through cell division4. Here we show that ESCs replicate and persist through many cell generations and share many properties in common with circular extrachromosomal DNAs. Increased ESC copy numbers at diagnosis of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were highly correlated with subsequent relapse. By taking advantage of the matching recombination footprint that is formed upon the generation of each ESC, we measured ESC persistence and replication and found increased ESC replication in patients who later relapsed. This increased replication is controlled by cell-intrinsic factors and corresponds to increased expression of DNA replication- and repair-associated genes. Consistent with high ESC levels having a role in disease progression, the number of mutations typical of those caused by the V(D)J recombinase–ESC complex was significantly increased at diagnosis in patients who later relapsed. The number of such mutations in genes associated with relapse increased between diagnosis and relapse, and corresponded to clonal expansion of cells with high ESC copy numbers. These data demonstrate that the by-product of V(D)J recombination, when increased in abundance, potently associates with the V(D)J recombinase to cause adverse disease outcomes. Excised signal circles are circular DNA by-products of V(D)J recombination that form a complex with the V(D)J recombinase, and when increased in abundance, result in increased mutagenesis, causing adverse outcomes in cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Zeqian and Scott, James N. F. and Edwards, Matthew P. and Casey, Dylan and Wang, Xiaoling and Gillen, Andrew D. and Ryan, Sarra and Russell, Lisa J. and Moorman, Anthony V. and de Tute, Ruth and Cargo, Catherine and Ford, Anthony M. and Westhead, David R. and Boyes, Joan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09372-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {774-783}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Excised DNA circles from V(D)J recombination promote relapsed leukaemia}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fluctuating DNA methylation tracks cancer evolution at clinical scale. NATURE, 645(8081), 764-773. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer development and response to treatment are evolutionary processes1,2, but characterizing evolutionary dynamics at a clinically meaningful scale has remained challenging3. Here we develop a new methodology called EVOFLUx, based on natural DNA methylation barcodes fluctuating over time4, that quantitatively infers evolutionary dynamics using only a bulk tumour methylation profile as input. We apply EVOFLUx to 1,976 well-characterized lymphoid cancer samples spanning a broad spectrum of diseases and show that initial tumour growth rate, malignancy age and epimutation rates vary by orders of magnitude across disease types. We measure that subclonal selection occurs only infrequently within bulk samples and detect occasional examples of multiple independent primary tumours. Clinically, we observe faster initial tumour growth in more aggressive disease subtypes, and that evolutionary histories are strong independent prognostic factors in two series of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Using EVOFLUx for phylogenetic analyses of aggressive Richter-transformed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia samples detected that the seed of the transformed clone existed decades before presentation. Orthogonal verification of EVOFLUx inferences is provided using additional genetic data, including long-read nanopore sequencing, and clinical variables. Collectively, we show how widely available, low-cost bulk DNA methylation data precisely measure cancer evolutionary dynamics, and provides new insights into cancer biology and clinical behaviour. Cancer evolutionary dynamics are quantitatively inferred using a method, EVOFLUx, applied to fluctuating DNA methylation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gabbutt, Calum and Duran-Ferrer, Martí and Grant, Heather E. and Mallo, Diego and Nadeu, Ferran and Househam, Jacob and Villamor, Neus and Müller, Madlen and Heath, Simon and Raineri, Emanuele and Krali, Olga and Nordlund, Jessica and Zenz, Thorsten and Gut, Ivo G. and Campo, Elias and Lopez-Guillermo, Armando and Fitzgibbon, Jude and Barnes, Chris P. and Shibata, Darryl and Martin-Subero, José I. and Graham, Trevor A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09374-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {764-773}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fluctuating DNA methylation tracks cancer evolution at clinical scale}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SuFEx-based antitubercular compound irreversibly inhibits pks13. NATURE, 645(8081), 755-763. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains the world’s deadliest bacterial pathogen1. There is an urgent medical need to develop new drugs that shorten the treatment duration to combat widespread multi-drug-resistant and extensive-drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we present a preclinical covalent compound, CMX410, that contains an aryl fluorosulfate (SuFEx)2 warhead and uniquely targets the acyltransferase domain of Pks13, an essential enzyme in cell-wall biosynthesis. CMX410 is equipotent against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mtb and efficacious in multiple mouse models of infection. Inhibition by CMX410 is irreversible through a previously undescribed mechanism: CMX410 reacts with the catalytic serine of the AT domain of Pks13, rapidly and irreversibly disabling the active site by forming a β-lactam. CMX410 is highly selective for its target and thus demonstrates excellent pharmacological and safety profiles, including no adverse effects in a 14-day rat toxicity study up to 1,000 mg kg−1 per day. The distinctive mode of action from current drugs, high potency across all tested clinical isolates, oral bioavailability, favourable performance in drug combination testing and superior pharmacological and safety characteristics make CMX410 a promising first-in-class candidate to replace outdated cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitors, such as isoniazid and ethambutol, in tuberculosis regimens. A preclinical covalent compound, CMX410, contains a aryl fluorosulfate warhead that targets the acyltransferase domain of Mtb Pks13, an essential enzyme in cell-wall biosynthesis, making it a promising candidate for tuberculosis treatment regimens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Krieger, Inna V. and Sukheja, Paridhi and Yang, Baiyuan and Tang, Su and Selle, Daniel and Woods, Ashley and Engelhart, Curtis and Kumar, Pradeep and Harbut, Michael B. and Liu, Dongdong and Tsuda, Brendan and Qin, Bo and Bare, Grant A. L. and Li, Gencheng and Chi, Victor and Gambacurta, Julian and Hvizdos, Janine and Reagan, Matthew and Jones, Isabelle L. and Massoudi, Lisa M. and Woolhiser, Lisa K. and Cascioferro, Alessandro and Kundrick, Erica and Singh, Parul and Reiley, William and Ioerger, Thomas R. and Kandula, Dilipkumar Reddy and McCabe, Jacob W. and Guo, Taijie and Alland, David and Boshoff, Helena I. and Schnappinger, Dirk and Robertson, Gregory T. and Mdluli, Khisi and Lee, Kyoung-Jin and Dong, Jiajia and Li, Shuangwei and Schultz, Peter G. and Joseph, Sean B. and Love, Melissa S. and Sharpless, K. Barry and Petrassi, H. Michael and Chatterjee, Arnab K. and Sacchettini, James C. and McNamara, Case W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09286-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {755-763}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SuFEx-based antitubercular compound irreversibly inhibits pks13}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Driving a protective allele of the mosquito FREP1 gene to combat malaria. NATURE, 645(8081), 746-754. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Malaria remains a substantial global health challenge, causing approximately half a million deaths each year1. The mosquito fibrinogen-related protein 1 (FREP1) is required for malaria parasites to infect the midgut epithelium2. The naturally occurring FREP1Q allele has been reported to prevent parasite infection, while supporting essential physiological functions in the mosquito3. Here we generate congenic strains of Anopheles stephensi, edited to carry either the parasite-susceptible FREP1L224 or the putative-refractory FREP1Q224 alleles. The FREP1Q224 allele confers robust resistance to infection by both human and rodent malaria parasites, with negligible fitness costs. The protective FREP1Q224 allele can be efficiently driven into FREP1L224 mosquito populations using a novel linked allelic-drive system that selectively replaces the L224 codon with the parasite-refractory Q224 allele, thereby rendering populations refractory to parasite infection. This antimalaria drive system provides a novel genetic approach to aid in malaria elimination efforts. Coupling of a FREP1 variant to a gene-drive system allows the spread of a host malaria resistance allele through the mosquito population.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Zhiqian and Dong, Yuemei and You, Lang and Corder, Rodrigo M. and Arzobal, Jemariz and Yeun, Audrey and Yang, Lei and Marshall, John M. and Dimopoulos, George and Bier, Ethan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09283-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {746-754}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Driving a protective allele of the mosquito FREP1 gene to combat malaria}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Remodelling autoactive NLRs for broad-spectrum immunity in plants. NATURE, 645(8081), 737-745. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Remodelling plant immune receptors has become a vital strategy for creating new disease resistance traits to combat the growing threat of plant pathogens to global food security and environmental sustainability1–17. However, current methods are constrained by the rapid evolution of plant pathogens and often lack broad-spectrum and durable protection. Here we report an innovative strategy to engineer broad-spectrum, durable and complete disease resistance in plants through expression of a chimeric protein containing a flexible polypeptide coupled with a single or dual conserved pathogen-originated protease cleavage site fused in frame to the N terminus of an autoactive nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat immune receptor (NLR) containing a coiled-coil or RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8-like coiled-coil domain. Following invasion, pathogen-originated specific proteases cleave the inactive chimeric protein to form free autoactive NLR, triggering broad-spectrum plant disease resistance. We demonstrate that a single engineered NLR can confer broad-spectrum and complete resistance against multiple potyviruses. Given that many pathogenic organisms across kingdoms encode proteases, this strategy has the potential to be exploited to control viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, nematodes and pests in plants. Cleavage by pathogen-derived proteases of an engineered chimeric protein activates its plant immune receptor component, enabling broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens in plants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Junzhu and Chen, Tianyuan and Zhang, Zhendong and Song, Mengjie and Shen, Tianxin and Wang, Xin and Zheng, Xiyin and Wang, Yan and Song, Ke and Ge, Xiaoyang and Xu, Kai and Qi, Tiancong and Li, Fuguang and Hong, Yiguo and Liu, Yule}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09252-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {737-745}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Remodelling autoactive NLRs for broad-spectrum immunity in plants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A gut sense for a microbial pattern regulates feeding. NATURE, 645(8081), 729-736. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To coexist with its resident microorganisms, the host must have a sense to adjust its behaviour in response to them. In the intestine, a sense for nutrients transduced to the brain through neuroepithelial circuits guides appetitive choices1–5. However, a sense that allows the host to respond in real time to stimuli arising from resident gut microorganisms remains to be uncovered. Here we show that in the mouse colon, the ubiquitous microbial pattern flagellin—a unifying feature across phyla6—stimulates Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in peptide YY (PYY)-labelled colonic neuropod cells. This stimulation leads to PYY release onto NPY2R vagal nodose neurons to regulate feeding. Mice lacking TLR5 in these cells eat more and gain more weight than controls. We found that flagellin does not act on the nerve directly. Instead, flagellin stimulates neuropod cells from the colonic lumen to reduce feeding through a gut–brain sensory neural circuit. Moreover, flagellin reduces feeding independent of immune responses, metabolic changes or the presence of gut microbiota. This sense enables the host to adjust its behaviour in response to a molecular pattern from its resident microorganisms. We call this sense at the interface of the biota and the brain the neurobiotic sense7. A study reveals a gut–brain sensory pathway through which the microbial component flagellin activates neuropod cells in the colon to signal the brain and reduce feeding in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Winston W. and Reicher, Naama and Alway, Emily and Rupprecht, Laura E. and Weng, Peter and Schaefgen, Chloe and Klein, Marguerita E. and Villalobos, Jorge A. and Puerto-Hernandez, Carlos and Kiesling Altún, Yolanda Graciela and Carbajal, Amanda and Aguayo-Guerrero, José Alfredo and Coss, Alam and Sahasrabudhe, Atharva and Anikeeva, Polina and de Araujo, Alan and Bali, Avnika and de Lartigue, Guillaume and Gil-Lievana, Elvi and Gutierrez, Ranier and Miao, Edward A. and Rawls, John F. and Kaelberer, M. Maya and Bohórquez, Diego V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09301-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {729-736}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A gut sense for a microbial pattern regulates feeding}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mitochondrial origins of the pressure to sleep. NATURE, 645(8081), 722-728. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To gain a comprehensive, unbiased perspective on molecular changes in the brain that may underlie the need for sleep, we have characterized the transcriptomes of single cells isolated from rested and sleep-deprived flies. Here we report that transcripts upregulated after sleep deprivation, in sleep-control neurons projecting to the dorsal fan-shaped body1,2 (dFBNs) but not ubiquitously in the brain, encode almost exclusively proteins with roles in mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. These gene expression changes are accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation, enhanced mitophagy and an increase in the number of contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, creating conduits3,4 for the replenishment of peroxidized lipids5. The morphological changes are reversible after recovery sleep and blunted by the installation of an electron overflow6,7 in the respiratory chain. Inducing or preventing mitochondrial fission or fusion8–13 in dFBNs alters sleep and the electrical properties of sleep-control cells in opposite directions: hyperfused mitochondria increase, whereas fragmented mitochondria decrease, neuronal excitability and sleep. ATP concentrations in dFBNs rise after enforced waking because of diminished ATP consumption during the arousal-mediated inhibition of these neurons14, which augments their mitochondrial electron leak7. Consistent with this view, uncoupling electron flux from ATP synthesis15 relieves the pressure to sleep, while exacerbating mismatches between electron supply and ATP demand (by powering ATP synthesis with a light-driven proton pump16) precipitates sleep. Sleep, like ageing17,18, may be an inescapable consequence of aerobic metabolism. Research on Drosophila neurons shows links between the need to sleep and aerobic metabolism, indicating that the pressure to sleep may have a mitochondrial origin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sarnataro, Raffaele and Velasco, Cecilia D. and Monaco, Nicholas and Kempf, Anissa and Miesenböck, Gero}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09261-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {722-728}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mitochondrial origins of the pressure to sleep}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lithium deficiency and the onset of alzheimer’s disease. NATURE, 645(8081), 712-721. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The earliest molecular changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are poorly understood1–5. Here we show that endogenous lithium (Li) is dynamically regulated in the brain and contributes to cognitive preservation during ageing. Of the metals we analysed, Li was the only one that was significantly reduced in the brain in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor to AD. Li bioavailability was further reduced in AD by amyloid sequestration. We explored the role of endogenous Li in the brain by depleting it from the diet of wild-type and AD mouse models. Reducing endogenous cortical Li by approximately 50% markedly increased the deposition of amyloid-β and the accumulation of phospho-tau, and led to pro-inflammatory microglial activation, the loss of synapses, axons and myelin, and accelerated cognitive decline. These effects were mediated, at least in part, through activation of the kinase GSK3β. Single-nucleus RNA-seq showed that Li deficiency gives rise to transcriptome changes in multiple brain cell types that overlap with transcriptome changes in AD. Replacement therapy with lithium orotate, which is a Li salt with reduced amyloid binding, prevents pathological changes and memory loss in AD mouse models and ageing wild-type mice. These findings reveal physiological effects of endogenous Li in the brain and indicate that disruption of Li homeostasis may be an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. Li replacement with amyloid-evading salts is a potential approach to the prevention and treatment of AD. Lithium has an essential role in the brain and is deficient early in Alzheimer’s disease, which can be recapitulated in mice and treated with a novel lithium salt that restores the physiological level.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aron, Liviu and Ngian, Zhen Kai and Qiu, Chenxi and Choi, Jaejoon and Liang, Marianna and Drake, Derek M. and Hamplova, Sara E. and Lacey, Ella K. and Roche, Perle and Yuan, Monlan and Hazaveh, Saba S. and Lee, Eunjung A. and Bennett, David A. and Yankner, Bruce A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09335-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {712-721}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lithium deficiency and the onset of alzheimer’s disease}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A generic non-invasive neuromotor interface for human-computer interaction. NATURE, 645(8081), 702-711. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since the advent of computing, humans have sought computer input technologies that are expressive, intuitive and universal. While diverse modalities have been developed, including keyboards, mice and touchscreens, they require interaction with a device that can be limiting, especially in on-the-go scenarios. Gesture-based systems use cameras or inertial sensors to avoid an intermediary device, but tend to perform well only for unobscured movements. By contrast, brain–computer or neuromotor interfaces that directly interface with the body’s electrical signalling have been imagined to solve the interface problem1, but high-bandwidth communication has been demonstrated only using invasive interfaces with bespoke decoders designed for single individuals2–4. Here, we describe the development of a generic non-invasive neuromotor interface that enables computer input decoded from surface electromyography (sEMG). We developed a highly sensitive, easily donned sEMG wristband and a scalable infrastructure for collecting training data from thousands of consenting participants. Together, these data enabled us to develop generic sEMG decoding models that generalize across people. Test users demonstrate a closed-loop median performance of gesture decoding of 0.66 target acquisitions per second in a continuous navigation task, 0.88 gesture detections per second in a discrete-gesture task and handwriting at 20.9 words per minute. We demonstrate that the decoding performance of handwriting models can be further improved by 16% by personalizing sEMG decoding models. To our knowledge, this is the first high-bandwidth neuromotor interface with performant out-of-the-box generalization across people. A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kaifosh, Patrick and Reardon, Thomas R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09255-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {702-711}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A generic non-invasive neuromotor interface for human-computer interaction}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK biobank participants. NATURE, 645(8081), 692-701. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Whole-genome sequencing provides an unbiased and complete view of the human genome and enables the discovery of genetic variation without the technical limitations of other genotyping technologies. Here we report on whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants, building on previous genotyping effort1. This advance deepens our understanding of how genetics associates with disease biology and further enhances the value of this open resource for the study of human biology and health. Coupling this dataset with rich phenotypic data, we surveyed within- and cross-ancestry genomic associations and identified novel genetic and clinical insights. Although most associations with disease traits were primarily observed in individuals of European ancestries, strong or novel signals were also identified in individuals of African and Asian ancestries. With the improved ability to accurately genotype structural variants and exonic variation in both coding and UTR sequences, we strengthened and revealed novel insights relative to whole-exome sequencing2,3 analyses. This dataset, representing a large collection of whole-genome sequencing data that is available to the UK Biobank research community, will enable advances of our understanding of the human genome, facilitate the discovery of diagnostics and therapeutics with higher efficacy and improved safety profile, and enable precision medicine strategies with the potential to improve global health. A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09272-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {692-701}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK biobank participants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Novel assembly of a head–trunk interface in the sister group of jawed vertebrates. NATURE, 645(8081), 686-691. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The standard scenario for the origin of jawed vertebrates depicts a transition from benthic grazers to nektonic predators1–3, facilitated by a suite of anatomical innovations, including elaborate sensory systems, a high-flow heart and the integration of jaw-opening muscles with the craniothoracic hinge4–7. However, the lamprey-like internal anatomy8–13 reconstructed for osteostracans, the sister group of jawed vertebrates, seem to lack these gnathostome traits, implying a morphological gap despite phylogenetic proximity. Here, using synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography on the model osteostracan Norselaspis glacialis, we reveal derived gnathostome traits straddling a uniquely ossified head–trunk interface in this jawless fish. The inner ear of Norselaspis shows sensory elaborations (enlarged pars inferior and sinus superior) acquired well before the origin of jaws. As in crown gnathostomes, paired venous drainage channels blood into a high-volume cardiac tract. We also confirm a feature not yet demonstrated in any other vertebrate, to our knowledge: the most anterior trunk nerve extends its single trunk to the pectoral fin. In this respect, our reconstruction challenges the hypotheses14–16 that the gnathostome shoulder evolved from the gill apparatus. Our observations highlight Norselaspis as a prelude to the intercalation of the muscular neck and throat that would power the early jaw apparatus. Therefore, the vertebrate jaw—often considered the functional driver for ‘gnathostome’ innovations1–3—evolved instead as a follower to the sensory enhancement, increased cardiac output and greater locomotory control now inferred in the jawless sister group. Imaging of a Devonian jawless fish reveals advanced features previously thought to be exclusive to jawed vertebrates, challenging the idea that jaws were the primary driver for the evolution of derived traits in the vertebrate body plan.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miyashita, Tetsuto and Janvier, Philippe and Tietjen, Kristen and Berenguer, Felisa and Schöder, Sebastian and Marone, Federica and Gueriau, Pierre and Coates, Michael I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09329-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {686-691}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Novel assembly of a head–trunk interface in the sister group of jawed vertebrates}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Flourishing chemosynthetic life at the greatest depths of hadal trenches. NATURE, 645(8081), 679-685. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hadal trenches, some of the Earth’s least explored and understood environments, have long been proposed to harbour chemosynthesis-based communities1,2. Despite increasing attention, actual documentation of such communities has been exceptionally rare3,4. Here we report the discovery of the deepest and the most extensive chemosynthesis-based communities known to exist on Earth during an expedition to the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench and the western Aleutian Trench using the manned submersible Fendouzhe. The communities dominated by siboglinid Polychaeta and Bivalvia span a distance of 2,500 km at depths from 5,800 m to 9,533 m. These communities are sustained by hydrogen sulfide-rich and methane-rich fluids that are transported along faults traversing deep sediment layers in trenches, where methane is produced microbially from deposited organic matter, as indicated by isotopic analysis. Given geological similarities with other hadal trenches, such chemosynthesis-based communities might be more widespread than previously anticipated. These findings challenge current models of life at extreme limits and carbon cycling in the deep ocean. The discovery of chemosynthesis-based benthic communities at depths of 5,800 m to 9,533 m in the Kuril–Kamchatka and western Aleutian trenches challenges traditional perspectives on the energy sources sustaining hadal fauna.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peng, Xiaotong and Du, Mengran and Gebruk, Andrey and Liu, Shuangquan and Gao, Zhaoming and Glud, Ronnie N. and Zhou, Peng and Wang, Ruoheng and Rowden, Ashley A. and Kamenev, Gennady M. and Maiorova, Anastassya S. and Papineau, Dominic and Chen, Shun and Gao, Jinwei and Liu, Helu and He, Yuan and Alalykina, Inna L. and Dolmatov, Igor Yu. and Zhang, Hanyu and Li, Xuegong and Malyutina, Marina V. and Dasgupta, Shamik and Saulenko, Anastasiia A. and Shilov, Vladimir A. and Liu, Shuting and Xie, Tongtong and Qu, Yuangao and Song, Xikun and Zhang, Haibin and Liu, Hao and Zhang, Weijia and Huang, Xiaoxia and Xu, Hongzhou and Xu, Wenjing and Mordukhovich, Vladimir V. and Adrianov, Andrey V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09317-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {679-685}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Flourishing chemosynthetic life at the greatest depths of hadal trenches}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-range PM2.5 pollution and health impacts from the 2023 canadian wildfires. NATURE, 645(8081), 672-678. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Smoke from extreme wildfires in Canada adversely affected air quality in many regions in 20231,2. Here we use satellite observations, machine learning and a chemical transport model to quantify global and regional PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) exposure and human health impacts related to the 2023 Canadian wildfires. We find that the fires increased annual PM2.5 exposure worldwide by 0.17 μg m–3 (95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.26 μg m–3). North America had the largest increase in annual mean exposure (1.08 μg m–3; 0.82–1.34 μg m–3), but there were also increases in Europe (0.41 μg m–3; 0.32–0.50 μg m–3) owing to long-range transport. Annual mean PM2.5 exposure in Canada increased by 3.82 μg m–3 (3.00–4.64 μg m–3). In the USA, the contribution of the Canadian fires to increased PM2.5 was 1.49 μg m–3 (1.22–1.77 μg m–3), four times as large as the contribution from the 2023 wildfires originating in the USA. We find that 354 million (277–421 million) people in North America and Europe were exposed to daily PM2.5 air pollution caused by Canadian wildfires in 2023. We estimate that 5,400 (3,400–7,400) acute deaths in North America and 64,300 (37,800–90,900) chronic deaths in North America and Europe were attributable to PM2.5 exposure to the 2023 Canadian wildfires. Our results highlight the far-reaching PM2.5 pollution and health burden that large wildfires can have in a single year. A modelling study based on satellite observations, machine learning and a chemical transport model quantifies the global and regional exposure to particulate-matter pollution and the human health impacts related to the 2023 Canadian wildfires.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Qiang and Wang, Yuexuanzi and Xiao, Qingyang and Geng, Guannan and Davis, Steven J. and Liu, Xiaodong and Yang, Jin and Liu, Jiajun and Huang, Wenyu and He, Changpei and Luo, Binhe and Martin, Randall V. and Brauer, Michael and Randerson, James T. and He, Kebin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09482-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {672-678}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-range PM2.5 pollution and health impacts from the 2023 canadian wildfires}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two-billion-year transitional oxygenation of the earth’s surface. NATURE, 645(8081), 665-671. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Earth’s surface underwent stepwise oxygenation before persistently reaching modern levels late in its history1–5, but the details of this transition remain unclear5–16. Here we present a high-resolution 2.5-Gyr record of mass-independent oxygen isotopes in sedimentary sulfate (Δ′17Osulfate), a proxy linked to the atmospheric partial pressure of O2 ( $${p}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{2}}$$ )17–19. This record, together with existing sedimentary Δ33S data20–22, demonstrates a 2-Gyr transition characterized by generally low, fluctuating $${p}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{2}}$$ between an O2-free state before 2.4 billion years ago (Ga) and a modern $${p}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{2}}$$ state after 0.41 Ga, with relatively elevated levels after 1.0 Ga. Our data also show coupled declines in Δ′17Osulfate and sulfate-δ34S during major negative carbonate-δ13C excursions in the Neoproterozoic. Quantitative biogeochemical modelling indicates that these isotopic couplings reflect the increasing $${p}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{2}}$$ , which may have driven episodic ocean oxygenation through an increased atmospheric O2 influx. This process intensified the oxidation of marine organics and reduced-sulfur species, while triggering temporary $${p}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{2}}$$ drawdowns as negative feedback15. These findings support a dynamic, lengthy co-oxygenation history for the atmosphere and oceans—marked by long-term positive coupling and short-term negative feedbacks—offering a coherent explanation for the anomalous Neoproterozoic carbon cycles23,24 and the protracted, episodic rise of complex life25–27. A 2.5-billion-year record of oxygen isotopes in sedimentary sulfate reveals the transitional oxygenation of the Earth’s surface and provides constraints on the dynamic, lengthy co-oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Haiyang and Li, Chao and Peng, Yongbo and Zhang, Junpeng and Cheng, Meng and Cao, Xiaobin and Qie, Wenkun and Zhang, Zihu and Dodd, Matthew S. and Hou, Mingcai and Wallace, Malcolm and v. S. Hood, Ashleigh and Lyons, Timothy W. and Bao, Huiming}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09471-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {665-671}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two-billion-year transitional oxygenation of the earth’s surface}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High-density soft bioelectronic fibres for multimodal sensing and stimulation. NATURE, 645(8081), 656-664. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There is an increasing demand for multimodal sensing and stimulation bioelectronic fibres for both research and clinical applications1,2. However, existing fibres suffer from high rigidity, low component layout precision, limited functionality and low density of active components. These limitations arise from the challenge of integrating many components into one-dimensional fibre devices, especially owing to the incompatibility of conventional microfabrication methods (for example, photolithography) with curved, thin and long fibre structures2. As a result, limited applications have been demonstrated so far. Here we use ‘spiral transformation’ to convert two-dimensional thin films containing microfabricated devices into one-dimensional soft fibres. This approach allows for the fabrication of high-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres, termed Spiral-NeuroString (S-NeuroString), while enabling precise control on the longitudinal, angular and radial positioning and distribution of the functional components. Taking advantage of the biocompatibility of our soft fibres with the dynamic and soft gastrointestinal system, we proceed to show the feasibility of our S-NeuroString for post-operative multimodal continuous motility mapping and tissue stimulation in awake pigs. We further demonstrate multi-channel single-unit electrical recording in mouse brain for up to 4 months, and a fabrication capability to produce 1,280 channels within a 230-μm-diameter soft fibre. Our soft bioelectronic fibres offer a powerful platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated. High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khatib, Muhammad and Zhao, Eric Tianjiao and Wei, Shiyuan and Park, Jaeho and Abramson, Alex and Bishop, Estelle Spear and Thomas, Anne-Laure and Chen, Chih-Hsin and Emengo, Pamela and Xu, Chengyi and Hamnett, Ryan and Root, Samuel E. and Yuan, Lei and Wurdack, Matthias J. and Zaluska, Tomasz and Lee, Yeongjun and Parkatzidis, Kostas and Yu, Weilai and Chakhtoura, Dorine and Kim, Kyun Kyu and Zhong, Donglai and Nishio, Yuya and Zhao, Chuanzhen and Wu, Can and Jiang, Yuanwen and Zhang, Anqi and Li, Jinxing and Wang, Weichen and Salimi-Jazi, Fereshteh and Rafeeqi, Talha A. and Hemed, Nofar Mintz and Tok, Jeffrey B.-H. and Qian, Xiang and Chen, Xiaoke and Kaltschmidt, Julia A. and Dunn, James C. Y. and Bao, Zhenan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09481-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {656-664}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High-density soft bioelectronic fibres for multimodal sensing and stimulation}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A movable long-term implantable soft microfibre for dynamic bioelectronics. NATURE, 645(8081), 648-655. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long-term implantable bioelectronics offer a powerful means to evaluate the function of the nervous system and serve as effective human–machine interfaces1–3. Here, inspired by earthworms, we introduce NeuroWorm—a soft, stretchable and movable fibre sensor designed for bioelectronic interface. Our approach involves rolling to transform 2D bioelectronic devices into 1D NeuroWorm, creating a multifunctional microfibre that houses longitudinally distributed electrode arrays for both bioelectrical and biomechanical monitoring. NeuroWorm effectively records high-quality spatio-temporal signals in situ while steerably advancing within the brain or on the muscle as needed. This allows for the dynamic targeting and shifting of desired monitoring sites. Implanted in muscle through a tiny incision, NeuroWorm provides stable bioelectrical monitoring in rats for more than 43 weeks. Even after 54 weeks of implantation in muscle, fibroblast encapsulation around the fibre remains negligible. Our NeuroWorm represents a platform that promotes a substantial advance in bioelectronics—from an immobile probe fixed in place to active, intelligent and living devices for long-term, minimally invasive and mobile evaluation of the nervous system. A soft, stretchable and freely movable fibre sensor called NeuroWorm, inspired by earthworms and that can be magnetically steered through soft tissue, is described as a new platform for dynamic bioelectrical and biomechanical monitoring.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Ruijie and Han, Fei and Yu, Qianhengyuan and Li, Dong and Han, Xu and Xu, Xiaolong and Yu, Huan and Huang, Jianping and Zhou, Xiaomeng and Zhao, Hang and Deng, Xinping and Tian, Qiong and Li, Qingsong and Li, Hanfei and Zhao, Yang and Ma, Guoyao and Li, Guanglin and Zheng, Hairong and Zhu, Meifang and Yan, Wei and Xu, Tiantian and Liu, Zhiyuan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09344-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {648-655}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A movable long-term implantable soft microfibre for dynamic bioelectronics}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Supervised learning in DNA neural networks. NATURE, 645(8081), 639-647. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Learning enables biological organisms to begin life simple yet develop immensely diverse and complex behaviours. Understanding learning principles in engineered molecular systems could enable us to endow non-living physical systems with similar capabilities. Inspired by how the brain processes information, the principles of neural computation have been developed over the past 80 years1, forming the foundation of modern machine learning. More than four decades ago, connections between neural computation and physical systems were established2. More recently, synthetic molecular systems, including nucleic acid and protein circuits, have been investigated for their abilities to implement neural computation3–7. However, in these systems, learning of molecular parameters such as concentrations and reaction rates was performed in silico to generate desired input–output functions. Here we show that DNA molecules can be programmed to autonomously carry out supervised learning in vitro, with the system learning to perform pattern classification from molecular examples of inputs and desired responses. We demonstrate a DNA neural network trained to classify three different sets of 100-bit patterns, integrating training data directly into memories of molecular concentrations and using these memories to process subsequent test data. Our work suggests that molecular circuits can learn tasks more complex than simple adaptive behaviours. This opens the door to molecular machines capable of embedded learning and decision-making in a wide range of physical systems, from biomedicine to soft materials. DNA molecules can be programmed to autonomously carry out supervised learning in vitro, with the system learning to perform pattern classification from molecular examples of inputs and desired responses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cherry, Kevin M. and Qian, Lulu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09479-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {639-647}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Supervised learning in DNA neural networks}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DeepSeek-r1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning. NATURE, 645(8081), 633-638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {General reasoning represents a long-standing and formidable challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent breakthroughs, exemplified by large language models (LLMs)1,2 and chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting3, have achieved considerable success on foundational reasoning tasks. However, this success is heavily contingent on extensive human-annotated demonstrations and the capabilities of models are still insufficient for more complex problems. Here we show that the reasoning abilities of LLMs can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning (RL), obviating the need for human-labelled reasoning trajectories. The proposed RL framework facilitates the emergent development of advanced reasoning patterns, such as self-reflection, verification and dynamic strategy adaptation. Consequently, the trained model achieves superior performance on verifiable tasks such as mathematics, coding competitions and STEM fields, surpassing its counterparts trained through conventional supervised learning on human demonstrations. Moreover, the emergent reasoning patterns exhibited by these large-scale models can be systematically used to guide and enhance the reasoning capabilities of smaller models. A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Daya and Yang, Dejian and Zhang, Haowei and Song, Junxiao and Wang, Peiyi and Zhu, Qihao and Xu, Runxin and Zhang, Ruoyu and Ma, Shirong and Bi, Xiao and Zhang, Xiaokang and Yu, Xingkai and Wu, Yu and Wu, Z. F. and Gou, Zhibin and Shao, Zhihong and Li, Zhuoshu and Gao, Ziyi and Liu, Aixin and Xue, Bing and Wang, Bingxuan and Wu, Bochao and Feng, Bei and Lu, Chengda and Zhao, Chenggang and Deng, Chengqi and Ruan, Chong and Dai, Damai and Chen, Deli and Ji, Dongjie and Li, Erhang and Lin, Fangyun and Dai, Fucong and Luo, Fuli and Hao, Guangbo and Chen, Guanting and Li, Guowei and Zhang, H. and Xu, Hanwei and Ding, Honghui and Gao, Huazuo and Qu, Hui and Li, Hui and Guo, Jianzhong and Li, Jiashi and Chen, Jingchang and Yuan, Jingyang and Tu, Jinhao and Qiu, Junjie and Li, Junlong and Cai, J. L. and Ni, Jiaqi and Liang, Jian and Chen, Jin and Dong, Kai and Hu, Kai and You, Kaichao and Gao, Kaige and Guan, Kang and Huang, Kexin and Yu, Kuai and Wang, Lean and Zhang, Lecong and Zhao, Liang and Wang, Litong and Zhang, Liyue and Xu, Lei and Xia, Leyi and Zhang, Mingchuan and Zhang, Minghua and Tang, Minghui and Zhou, Mingxu and Li, Meng and Wang, Miaojun and Li, Mingming and Tian, Ning and Huang, Panpan and Zhang, Peng and Wang, Qiancheng and Chen, Qinyu and Du, Qiushi and Ge, Ruiqi and Zhang, Ruisong and Pan, Ruizhe and Wang, Runji and Chen, R. J. and Jin, R. L. and Chen, Ruyi and Lu, Shanghao and Zhou, Shangyan and Chen, Shanhuang and Ye, Shengfeng and Wang, Shiyu and Yu, Shuiping and Zhou, Shunfeng and Pan, Shuting and Li, S. S. and Zhou, Shuang and Wu, Shaoqing and Yun, Tao and Pei, Tian and Sun, Tianyu and Wang, T. and Zeng, Wangding and Liu, Wen and Liang, Wenfeng and Gao, Wenjun and Yu, Wenqin and Zhang, Wentao and Xiao, W. L. and An, Wei and Liu, Xiaodong and Wang, Xiaohan and Chen, Xiaokang and Nie, Xiaotao and Cheng, Xin and Liu, Xin and Xie, Xin and Liu, Xingchao and Yang, Xinyu and Li, Xinyuan and Su, Xuecheng and Lin, Xuheng and Li, X. Q. and Jin, Xiangyue and Shen, Xiaojin and Chen, Xiaosha and Sun, Xiaowen and Wang, Xiaoxiang and Song, Xinnan and Zhou, Xinyi and Wang, Xianzu and Shan, Xinxia and Li, Y. K. and Wang, Y. Q. and Wei, Y. X. and Zhang, Yang and Xu, Yanhong and Li, Yao and Zhao, Yao and Sun, Yaofeng and Wang, Yaohui and Yu, Yi and Zhang, Yichao and Shi, Yifan and Xiong, Yiliang and He, Ying and Piao, Yishi and Wang, Yisong and Tan, Yixuan and Ma, Yiyang and Liu, Yiyuan and Guo, Yongqiang and Ou, Yuan and Wang, Yuduan and Gong, Yue and Zou, Yuheng and He, Yujia and Xiong, Yunfan and Luo, Yuxiang and You, Yuxiang and Liu, Yuxuan and Zhou, Yuyang and Zhu, Y. X. and Huang, Yanping and Li, Yaohui and Zheng, Yi and Zhu, Yuchen and Ma, Yunxian and Tang, Ying and Zha, Yukun and Yan, Yuting and Ren, Z. Z. and Ren, Zehui and Sha, Zhangli and Fu, Zhe and Xu, Zhean and Xie, Zhenda and Zhang, Zhengyan and Hao, Zhewen and Ma, Zhicheng and Yan, Zhigang and Wu, Zhiyu and Gu, Zihui and Zhu, Zijia and Liu, Zijun and Li, Zilin and Xie, Ziwei and Song, Ziyang and Pan, Zizheng and Huang, Zhen and Xu, Zhipeng and Zhang, Zhongyu and Zhang, Zhen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {633-638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DeepSeek-r1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Topological prethermal strong zero modes on superconducting processors. NATURE, 645(8081), 626-632. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Symmetry-protected topological phases1–4 cannot be described by any local order parameter and are beyond the conventional symmetry-breaking model5. They are characterized by topological boundary modes that remain stable under symmetry respecting perturbations1–4,6–8. In clean, gapped systems without disorder, the stability of these edge modes is restricted to the zero-temperature manifold; at finite temperatures, interactions with mobile thermal excitations lead to their decay9–11. Here we report the observation of a distinct type of topological edge mode12–14, which is protected by emergent symmetries and persists across the entire spectrum, in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits. Through digital quantum simulation of a one-dimensional disorder-free stabilizer Hamiltonian, we observe robust long-lived topological edge modes over up to 30 cycles for a wide range of initial states. We show that the interaction between these edge modes and bulk excitations can be suppressed by dimerizing the stabilizer strength, leading to an emergent U(1) × U(1) symmetry in the prethermal regime of the system. Furthermore, we exploit these topological edge modes as logical qubits and prepare a logical Bell state, which exhibits persistent coherence, despite the system being disorder-free and at finite temperature. Our results establish a viable digital simulation approach15–18 to experimentally study topological matter at finite temperature and demonstrate a potential route to construct long-lived, robust boundary qubits in disorder-free systems. Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jin, Feitong and Jiang, Si and Zhu, Xuhao and Bao, Zehang and Shen, Fanhao and Wang, Ke and Zhu, Zitian and Xu, Shibo and Song, Zixuan and Chen, Jiachen and Tan, Ziqi and Wu, Yaozu and Zhang, Chuanyu and Gao, Yu and Wang, Ning and Zou, Yiren and Zhang, Aosai and Li, Tingting and Zhong, Jiarun and Cui, Zhengyi and Han, Yihang and He, Yiyang and Wang, Han and Yang, Jia-Nan and Wang, Yanzhe and Shen, Jiayuan and Liu, Gongyu and Deng, Jinfeng and Dong, Hang and Zhang, Pengfei and Li, Weikang and Yuan, Dong and Lu, Zhide and Sun, Zheng-Zhi and Li, Hekang and Zhang, Junxiang and Song, Chao and Wang, Zhen and Guo, Qiujiang and Machado, Francisco and Kemp, Jack and Iadecola, Thomas and Yao, Norman Y. and Wang, H. and Deng, Dong-Ling}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09476-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {626-632}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Topological prethermal strong zero modes on superconducting processors}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Experimental demonstration of logical magic state distillation. NATURE, 645(8081), 620-625. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Realizing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation is a key goal in quantum information science1–4. By encoding quantum information into logical qubits using quantum error correcting codes, physical errors can be detected and corrected, enabling a substantial reduction in logical error rates5–11. However, the set of logical operations that can be easily implemented on these encoded qubits is often constrained1,12, necessitating the use of special resource states known as ‘magic states’13 to implement universal, classically hard circuits14. A key method to prepare high-fidelity magic states is to perform ‘distillation’, creating them from multiple lower-fidelity inputs13,15. Here we present the experimental realization of magic state distillation with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer. Our approach uses a dynamically reconfigurable architecture8,16 to encode and perform quantum operations on many logical qubits in parallel. We demonstrate the distillation of magic states encoded in d = 3 and d = 5 colour codes, observing improvements in the logical fidelity of the output magic states compared with the input logical magic states. These experiments demonstrate a key building block of universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and represent an important step towards large-scale logical quantum processors. Magic state distillation is achieved with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture for parallel quantum operations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sales Rodriguez, Pedro and Robinson, John M. and Jepsen, Paul Niklas and He, Zhiyang and Duckering, Casey and Zhao, Chen and Wu, Kai-Hsin and Campo, Joseph and Bagnall, Kevin and Kwon, Minho and Karolyshyn, Thomas and Weinberg, Phillip and Cain, Madelyn and Evered, Simon J. and Geim, Alexandra A. and Kalinowski, Marcin and Li, Sophie H. and Manovitz, Tom and Amato-Grill, Jesse and Basham, James I. and Bernstein, Liane and Braverman, Boris and Bylinskii, Alexei and Choukri, Adam and DeAngelo, Robert J. and Fang, Fang and Fieweger, Connor and Frederick, Paige and Haines, David and Hamdan, Majd and Hammett, Julian and Hsu, Ning and Hu, Ming-Guang and Huber, Florian and Jia, Ningyuan and Kedar, Dhruv and Kornjača, Milan and Liu, Fangli and Long, John and Lopatin, Jonathan and Lopes, Pedro L. S. and Luo, Xiu-Zhe and Macrì, Tommaso and Marković, Ognjen and Martínez-Martínez, Luis A. and Meng, Xianmei and Ostermann, Stefan and Ostroumov, Evgeny and Paquette, David and Qiang, Zexuan and Shofman, Vadim and Singh, Anshuman and Singh, Manuj and Sinha, Nandan and Thoreen, Henry and Wan, Noel and Wang, Yiping and Waxman-Lenz, Daniel and Wong, Tak and Wurtz, Jonathan and Zhdanov, Andrii and Zheng, Laurent and Greiner, Markus and Keesling, Alexander and Gemelke, Nathan and Vuletić, Vladan and Kitagawa, Takuya and Wang, Sheng-Tao and Bluvstein, Dolev and Lukin, Mikhail D. and Lukin, Alexander and Zhou, Hengyun and Cantú, Sergio H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09367-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {620-625}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Experimental demonstration of logical magic state distillation}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scaling and logic in the colour code on a superconducting quantum processor. NATURE, 645(8081), 614-619. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum error correction1–4 is essential for bridging the gap between the error rates of physical devices and the extremely low error rates required for quantum algorithms. Recent error-correction demonstrations on superconducting processors5–8 have focused primarily on the surface code9, which offers a high error threshold but poses limitations for logical operations. The colour code10 enables more efficient logic, but it requires more complex stabilizer measurements and decoding. Measuring these stabilizers in planar architectures such as superconducting qubits is challenging, and realizations of colour codes11–19 have not addressed performance scaling with code size on any platform. Here we present a comprehensive demonstration of the colour code on a superconducting processor8. Scaling the code distance from three to five suppresses logical errors by a factor of Λ3/5 = 1.56(4). Simulations indicate this performance is below the threshold of the colour code, and the colour code may become more efficient than the surface code following modest device improvements. We test transversal Clifford gates with logical randomized benchmarking20 and inject magic states21, a key resource for universal computation, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% with post-selection. Finally, we teleport logical states between colour codes using lattice surgery22. This work establishes the colour code as a compelling research direction to realize fault-tolerant quantum computation on superconducting processors in the near future. Colour code on a superconducting qubit quantum processor is demonstrated, reporting above-breakeven performance and logical error scaling with increased code size by a factor of 1.56 moving from distance-3 to distance-5 code.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lacroix, N. and Bourassa, A. and Heras, F. J. H. and Zhang, L. M. and Bausch, J. and Senior, A. W. and Edlich, T. and Shutty, N. and Sivak, V. and Bengtsson, A. and McEwen, M. and Higgott, O. and Kafri, D. and Claes, J. and Morvan, A. and Chen, Z. and Zalcman, A. and Madhuk, S. and Acharya, R. and Aghababaie Beni, L. and Aigeldinger, G. and Alcaraz, R. and Andersen, T. I. and Ansmann, M. and Arute, F. and Arya, K. and Asfaw, A. and Atalaya, J. and Babbush, R. and Ballard, B. and Bardin, J. C. and Bilmes, A. and Blackwell, S. and Bovaird, J. and Bowers, D. and Brill, L. and Broughton, M. and Browne, D. A. and Buchea, B. and Buckley, B. B. and Burger, T. and Burkett, B. and Bushnell, N. and Cabrera, A. and Campero, J. and Chang, H.-S. and Chiaro, B. and Chih, L.-Y. and Cleland, A. Y. and Cogan, J. and Collins, R. and Conner, P. and Courtney, W. and Crook, A. L. and Curtin, B. and Das, S. and Demura, S. and De Lorenzo, L. and Di Paolo, A. and Donohoe, P. and Drozdov, I. and Dunsworth, A. and Eickbusch, A. and Elbag, A. Moshe and Elzouka, M. and Erickson, C. and Ferreira, V. S. and Flores Burgos, L. and Forati, E. and Fowler, A. G. and Foxen, B. and Ganjam, S. and Garcia, G. and Gasca, R. and Genois, É. and Giang, W. and Gilboa, D. and Gosula, R. and Grajales Dau, A. and Graumann, D. and Greene, A. and Gross, J. A. and Ha, T. and Habegger, S. and Hansen, M. and Harrigan, M. P. and Harrington, S. D. and Heslin, S. and Heu, P. and Hiltermann, R. and Hilton, J. and Hong, S. and Huang, H.-Y. and Huff, A. and Huggins, W. J. and Jeffrey, E. and Jiang, Z. and Jin, X. and Joshi, C. and Juhas, P. and Kabel, A. and Kang, H. and Karamlou, A. H. and Kechedzhi, K. and Khaire, T. and Khattar, T. and Khezri, M. and Kim, S. and Klimov, P. V. and Kobrin, B. and Korotkov, A. N. and Kostritsa, F. and Kreikebaum, J. Mark and Kurilovich, V. D. and Landhuis, D. and Lange-Dei, T. and Langley, B. W. and Laptev, P. and Lau, K.-M. and Ledford, J. and Lee, K. and Lester, B. J. and Le Guevel, L. and Li, W. Yan and Li, Y. and Lill, A. T. and Livingston, W. P. and Locharla, A. and Lucero, E. and Lundahl, D. and Lunt, A. and Maloney, A. and Mandrà, S. and Martin, L. S. and Martin, O. and Maxfield, C. and McClean, J. R. and Meeks, S. and Megrant, A. and Miao, K. C. and Molavi, R. and Molina, S. and Montazeri, S. and Movassagh, R. and Neill, C. and Newman, M. and Nguyen, A. and Nguyen, M. and Ni, C.-H. and Niu, M. Y. and Oas, L. and Oliver, W. D. and Orosco, R. and Ottosson, K. and Pizzuto, A. and Potter, R. and Pritchard, O. and Quintana, C. and Ramachandran, G. and Reagor, M. J. and Resnick, R. and Rhodes, D. M. and Roberts, G. and Rosenberg, E. and Rosenfeld, E. and Rossi, E. and Roushan, P. and Sankaragomathi, K. and Schurkus, H. F. and Shearn, M. J. and Shorter, A. and Shvarts, V. and Small, S. and Smith, W. Clarke and Springer, S. and Sterling, G. and Suchard, J. and Szasz, A. and Sztein, A. and Thor, D. and Tomita, E. and Torres, A. and Torunbalci, M. Mert and Vaishnav, A. and Vargas, J. and Vdovichev, S. and Vidal, G. and Vollgraff Heidweiller, C. and Waltman, S. and Waltz, J. and Wang, S. X. and Ware, B. and Weidel, T. and White, T. and Wong, K. and Woo, B. W. K. and Woodson, M. and Xing, C. and Yao, Z. Jamie and Yeh, P. and Ying, B. and Yoo, J. and Yosri, N. and Young, G. and Zhang, Y. and Zhu, N. and Zobrist, N. and Neven, H. and Kohli, P. and Davies, A. and Boixo, S. and Kelly, J. and Jones, C. and Gidney, C. and Satzinger, K. J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09061-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {614-619}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scaling and logic in the colour code on a superconducting quantum processor}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Addressing the safety of next-generation batteries. NATURE, 645(8081), 603-613. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Owing to increasing demand for low-cost energy storage with secure material supply chains, the battery community is approaching a pivotal shift beyond conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) towards next-generation cells. Technologies that include alkali-metal anodes, solid electrolytes and earth-abundant materials such as sodium (Na) and sulfur (S) are reaching commercialization in cells. The abuse tolerance and thermal runaway hazards of such technologies diverge from conventional Li-ion cells. Consequently, designing safe batteries with next-generation materials requires a holistic approach to characterize cells and to understand their responses to abuse conditions from the beginning to the end of life. Here we provide a Perspective on how the safety and abuse tolerance of cells are likely to change for up-and-coming technologies; challenges and opportunities for reimagining safe cell and battery designs; gaps in our knowledge; capabilities for understanding the hazards of thermal runaway and how to address them; how standard abuse tests may need to adapt to new challenges; and how research needs to support affected professionals, from pack designers to first responders, to manage hazards and ensure safe roll-out of next-generation cells into applications like electric vehicles (EVs). Finally, given the large number of next-generation technologies being explored, we encourage giving priority to safety-focused research in proportion to the rate of manufacturing scale-up of each specific technology. Next-generation batteries will present different risks to conventional lithium-ion cells, emphasizing the need for efforts towards characterizing the abuse tolerance and hazards associated with next-generation battery materials over their life cycle and providing the data in the context of supporting affected professionals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Chuanbo and Singh, Avtar and Pu, Xiaofei and Mallarapu, Anudeep and Smith, Kandler and Keyser, Matt and Haberman, Michael R. and Khani, Hadi and Misztal, Pawel and Spray, Ryan and Ezekoye, Ofodike A. and Finegan, Donal P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09358-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {603-613}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Addressing the safety of next-generation batteries}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bioelectronic implants built from rolled-up stretchy circuits. NATURE, 645(8081), 600-601. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Soft devices made by rolling up rubber-like sheets patterned with 2D electronics can monitor, stimulate and navigate deep tissue in animal models. Soft devices made by rolling up rubber-like sheets patterned with 2D electronics can monitor, stimulate and navigate deep tissue in animal models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Hyunjin and Kim, Dae-Hyeong}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02704-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {600-601}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bioelectronic implants built from rolled-up stretchy circuits}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Epigenetic clues from cancer’s past foretell its future. NATURE, 645(8081), 598-600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An innovative method to trace tumour evolution using patterns of fluctuating DNA modifications could be implemented in the clinic to predict cancer progression. An innovative method to trace tumour evolution using patterns of fluctuating DNA modifications could be implemented in the clinic to predict cancer progression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lutsik, Pavlo and Manojlovic, Veselin and Vassiliou, George S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02256-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {598-600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Epigenetic clues from cancer’s past foretell its future}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gone with the wind: Deciphering how dandelions drive seed dispersal. NATURE, 645(8081), 597. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analysis of seed attachment and the forces needed for detachment reveal how dandelion plants have evolved to spread in the same direction that the wind blows. Analysis of seed attachment and the forces needed for detachment reveal how dandelion plants have evolved to spread in the same direction that the wind blows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abraham, Mary}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02949-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {597}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gone with the wind: Deciphering how dandelions drive seed dispersal}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High levels of circular DNA made as immune cells develop increases the risk of leukaemia relapse. NATURE, 645(8081), 596-598. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA segments that are naturally excised during immune-cell development can replicate, drive damage at various genomic sites and lead to cancer recurrence. DNA segments that are naturally excised during immune-cell development can replicate, drive damage at various genomic sites and lead to cancer recurrence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rodgers, Karla K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02421-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {596-598}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High levels of circular DNA made as immune cells develop increases the risk of leukaemia relapse}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI can learn to show its workings through trial and error. NATURE, 645(8081), 594-595. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Large language models (LLMs) are more accurate when they output intermediate steps. A strategy called reinforcement can teach them to do this without being told. Large language models (LLMs) are more accurate when they output intermediate steps. A strategy called reinforcement can teach them to do this without being told.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ippolito, Daphne and Zhang, Yiming}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02703-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {594-595}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI can learn to show its workings through trial and error}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does lithium deficiency contribute to alzheimer’s disease?. NATURE, 645(8081), 593-594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lithium in the brain has been found to protect against cognitive decline. Restoring lost lithium could be a new angle from which to tackle Alzheimer’s disease. Lithium in the brain has been found to protect against cognitive decline. Restoring lost lithium could be a new angle from which to tackle Alzheimer’s disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bush, Ashley I.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02255-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {593-594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does lithium deficiency contribute to alzheimer’s disease?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Impoundment of funds endangers US investment in science and medical research. NATURE, 645(8081), 592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Weitz, Joshua S. and Harris, Mallory J. and Sinclair, Alyssa H. and Berg, Jeremy M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03003-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Impoundment of funds endangers US investment in science and medical research}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Coordinate to combat pakistan’s climate-driven disasters. NATURE, 645(8081), 592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khan, Raees and Liu, Jie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03004-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Coordinate to combat pakistan’s climate-driven disasters}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fertility declines are no cause for concern, history shows. NATURE, 645(8081), 592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {MacInnes, John}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03005-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fertility declines are no cause for concern, history shows}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A population plunge could help to mitigate the global biodiversity crisis. NATURE, 645(8081), 592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hayward, Matt W. and Williams, Brooke and McBain, Bonnie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-03006-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A population plunge could help to mitigate the global biodiversity crisis}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mirror of the unknown: Should research on mirror-image molecular biology be stopped?. NATURE, 645(8081), 588-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amid growing debates about the benefits and risks of studying looking-glass versions of life’s building blocks, there is an urgent need to bridge divergent views. Amid growing debates about the benefits and risks of studying looking-glass versions of life’s building blocks, there is an urgent need to bridge divergent views.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Ting}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02912-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {588-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mirror of the unknown: Should research on mirror-image molecular biology be stopped?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). GPS timekeeping is increasingly vulnerable: Here’s how to deliver future-proofed time. NATURE, 645(8081), 585-588. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With crucial infrastructure increasingly dependent on accurate, resilient clocks, outages in the dominant system for global positioning highlight the need for other ways of distributing time information. With crucial infrastructure increasingly dependent on accurate, resilient clocks, outages in the dominant system for global positioning highlight the need for other ways of distributing time information.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lobo, Leon and Paul, Douglas and Velu, Chander}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02921-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {585-588}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {GPS timekeeping is increasingly vulnerable: Here’s how to deliver future-proofed time}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How did assaults on science become the norm — And what can we do?. NATURE, 645(8081), 583-584. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An insightful book explores attacks on science from a historical and a personal perspective. An insightful book explores attacks on science from a historical and a personal perspective.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goldman, Gretchen T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02920-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {583-584}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How did assaults on science become the norm — And what can we do?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heroes or hoarders? the strange brains of people who collect. NATURE, 645(8081), 581-582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Public museums and private collections are stuffed with scientific artefacts gathered by individuals — often with highly questionable obsessions and motivations. Public museums and private collections are stuffed with scientific artefacts gathered by individuals — often with highly questionable obsessions and motivations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02919-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {581-582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heroes or hoarders? the strange brains of people who collect}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How billions of hacked mosquitoes and a vaccine could beat the deadly dengue virus. NATURE, 645(8081), 578-580. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Outbreaks of dengue are killing thousands of people in South America each year and getting worse. Brazil hopes to turn the tide with a home-grown vaccine and an army of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria. Outbreaks of dengue are killing thousands of people in South America each year and getting worse. Brazil hopes to turn the tide with a home-grown vaccine and an army of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pinto, Lucila}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02918-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {578-580}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How billions of hacked mosquitoes and a vaccine could beat the deadly dengue virus}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI is helping to decode animals’ speech. will it also let us talk with them?. NATURE, 645(8081), 574-576. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The complexity of vocal communication in some primates, whales and birds might approach that of human language. The complexity of vocal communication in some primates, whales and birds might approach that of human language.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02917-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {574-576}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI is helping to decode animals’ speech. will it also let us talk with them?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Brain dial’ turns food consumption on or off in mice. NATURE, 645(8081), 573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Master-control area integrates information about hunger, a food’s tastiness and more — and can even drive intake of plastic pellets. Master-control area integrates information about hunger, a food’s tastiness and more — and can even drive intake of plastic pellets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02871-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Brain dial’ turns food consumption on or off in mice}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Newfound immune cell in mice hints at why inflammation spikes with old age. NATURE, 645(8081), 572-573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pathogen-consuming cells found in fat tissue also play a part in lipid balance. Pathogen-consuming cells found in fat tissue also play a part in lipid balance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02788-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {572-573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Newfound immune cell in mice hints at why inflammation spikes with old age}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Amazing feat’: US man still alive six months after pig kidney transplant. NATURE, 645(8081), 571-572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The first six months after an organ transplant are the riskiest for recipients. The first six months after an organ transplant are the riskiest for recipients.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02851-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {571-572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Amazing feat’: US man still alive six months after pig kidney transplant}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chemists cram record nine metals into trendy 2D material. NATURE, 645(8081), 570-571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {MXenes, distant cousins of graphene, reach new heights of complexity — opening the way for use in advanced batteries and more. MXenes, distant cousins of graphene, reach new heights of complexity — opening the way for use in advanced batteries and more.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02839-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {570-571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chemists cram record nine metals into trendy 2D material}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can researchers stop AI making up citations?. NATURE, 645(8081), 569-570. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {OpenAI’s GPT-5 hallucinates less than previous models do, but cutting hallucination completely might prove impossible. OpenAI’s GPT-5 hallucinates less than previous models do, but cutting hallucination completely might prove impossible.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02853-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {569-570}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can researchers stop AI making up citations?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These nations are wooing PhD students amid US funding uncertainties. NATURE, 645(8081), 568-569. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pauses to some US graduate programmes have led universities in several countries to launch initiatives to entice would-be PhD students. Pauses to some US graduate programmes have led universities in several countries to launch initiatives to entice would-be PhD students.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02416-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {568-569}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These nations are wooing PhD students amid US funding uncertainties}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Air pollution directly linked to increased dementia risk. NATURE, 645(8081), 566-567. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long-term exposure accelerates the development of Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease with dementia in people who are predisposed to the conditions. Long-term exposure accelerates the development of Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease with dementia in people who are predisposed to the conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02844-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {566-567}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Air pollution directly linked to increased dementia risk}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First CRISPR horses spark controversy: What’s next for gene-edited animals?. NATURE, 645(8081), 565-566. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Horses with genomic edits to make them run faster have been banned from polo, but a zoo of CRISPR-edited animals is gaining acceptance in agriculture. Horses with genomic edits to make them run faster have been banned from polo, but a zoo of CRISPR-edited animals is gaining acceptance in agriculture.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02800-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {565-566}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First CRISPR horses spark controversy: What’s next for gene-edited animals?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to make a ‘laser’ of neutrinos. NATURE, 645(8081), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rubidium atoms that are chilled to extremely low temperatures could emit bursts of particles called neutrinos. Rubidium atoms that are chilled to extremely low temperatures could emit bursts of particles called neutrinos.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02840-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to make a ‘laser’ of neutrinos}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to help refugees thrive: Have local families host them. NATURE, 645(8081), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ukrainian refugees who moved into German households report greater social integration than those who lived in other settings. Ukrainian refugees who moved into German households report greater social integration than those who lived in other settings.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02873-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to help refugees thrive: Have local families host them}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Songs of the striped mouse show who’s friend and who’s foe. NATURE, 645(8081), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultrasonic calls, too high for the human ear to detect, convey a wealth of information across the rodent’s territory. Ultrasonic calls, too high for the human ear to detect, convey a wealth of information across the rodent’s territory.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02874-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Songs of the striped mouse show who’s friend and who’s foe}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Jelly-filled garment keeps wearers cool when heat and humidity soar. NATURE, 645(8081), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lightweight, battery-powered shirt could maintain skin at a comfortable temperature for hours. Lightweight, battery-powered shirt could maintain skin at a comfortable temperature for hours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02875-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Jelly-filled garment keeps wearers cool when heat and humidity soar}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Equity in science is a beautiful lie — And i’m done pretending. NATURE, 645(8081), 561. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Science isn’t really moving towards equity; institutions are just perfecting the appearance of equity. We need to build an alternative system. Science isn’t really moving towards equity; institutions are just perfecting the appearance of equity. We need to build an alternative system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Armenteras, Dolors}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02916-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {561}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Equity in science is a beautiful lie — And i’m done pretending}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Make trains great again — For the sake of people and the planet. NATURE, 645(8081), 560. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As railways enter their third century of service, research must support their renaissance for more-sustainable travel that supports human development. As railways enter their third century of service, research must support their renaissance for more-sustainable travel that supports human development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02980-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {560}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Make trains great again — For the sake of people and the planet}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bring us your LLMs: Why peer review is good for AI models. NATURE, 645(8081), 559. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Deepseek’s R1 model has been peer reviewed. Others should follow the firm’s example. Deepseek’s R1 model has been peer reviewed. Others should follow the firm’s example.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02979-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8081}, pages = {559}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bring us your LLMs: Why peer review is good for AI models}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Iggy bop: How i tune in to the needs of galápagos marine iguanas. NATURE, 645(8080), 552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Zoologist Amy MacLeod supports conservation efforts by using drones to survey endangered species. Zoologist Amy MacLeod supports conservation efforts by using drones to survey endangered species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Napolitano, Anna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02870-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Iggy bop: How i tune in to the needs of galápagos marine iguanas}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Using biobanks to boost research: A how-to guide. NATURE, 645(8080), 548-550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From large national databases to bespoke sample collections, biobanks offer a wealth of avenues for scientific enquiry. From large national databases to bespoke sample collections, biobanks offer a wealth of avenues for scientific enquiry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Madhusoodanan, Jyoti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02813-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {548-550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Using biobanks to boost research: A how-to guide}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘LinkedIn is like air to me’: The scientists who’ve cracked professional networking. NATURE, 645(8080), 545-547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fans of the global social-media platform explain how best to harness its career-boosting and collaboration potential. Fans of the global social-media platform explain how best to harness its career-boosting and collaboration potential.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conlon, Anne Marie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02494-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {545-547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘LinkedIn is like air to me’: The scientists who’ve cracked professional networking}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Retraction note: Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1. NATURE, 645(8080), 544. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hua, Tian and Vemuri, Kiran and Nikas, Spyros P. and Laprairie, Robert B. and Wu, Yiran and Qu, Lu and Pu, Mengchen and Korde, Anisha and Jiang, Shan and Ho, Jo-Hao and Han, Gye Won and Ding, Kang and Li, Xuanxuan and Liu, Haiguang and Hanson, Michael A. and Zhao, Suwen and Bohn, Laura M. and Makriyannis, Alexandros and Stevens, Raymond C. and Liu, Zhi-Jie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09538-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {544}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Retraction note: Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Architecture, dynamics and biogenesis of GluA3 AMPA glutamate receptors. NATURE, 645(8080), 535-543. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the brain1. Assembled from combinations of four core subunits, GluA1–4 and around 20 auxiliary subunits, their molecular diversity tunes information transfer and storage in a brain-circuit-specific manner. GluA3, a subtype strongly associated with disease2, functions as both a fast-transmitting Ca2+-permeable AMPAR at sensory synapses3, and as a Ca2+-impermeable receptor at cortical synapses4,5. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Ca2+-permeable GluA3 homomer, which substantially diverges from other AMPARs. The GluA3 extracellular domain tiers (N-terminal domain (NTD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD)) are closely coupled throughout gating states, creating interfaces that impact signalling and contain human disease-associated mutations. Central to this architecture is a stacking interaction between two arginine residues (Arg163) in the NTD dimer interface, trapping a unique NTD dimer conformation that enables close contacts with the LBD. Rupture of the Arg163 stack not only alters the structure and dynamics of the GluA3 extracellular region, but also increases receptor trafficking and the expression of GluA3 heteromers at the synapse. We further show that a mammalian-specific GluA3 trafficking checkpoint determines the conformational stability of the LBD tier. Thus, specific design features define communication and biogenesis of GluA3, offering a framework to examine this disease-associated glutamate receptor. The GluA3 homomer substantially diverges from other AMPA-type glutamate receptors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pokharna, Aditya and Stockwell, Imogen and Ivica, Josip and Singh, Bishal and Schwab, Johannes and Vega-Gutiérrez, Carlos and Herguedas, Beatriz and Cais, Ondrej and Krieger, James M. and Greger, Ingo H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09325-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {535-543}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Architecture, dynamics and biogenesis of GluA3 AMPA glutamate receptors}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gating and noelin clustering of native ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. NATURE, 645(8080), 526-534. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are integral to fast excitatory synaptic transmission and have vital roles in synaptic plasticity, motor coordination, learning and memory1. Whereas extensive structural studies have been conducted on recombinant AMPARs and native calcium-impermeable (CI)-AMPARs alongside their auxiliary proteins2–5, the molecular architecture of native calcium-permeable (CP)-AMPARs has remained undefined. Here, to determine the subunit composition, physiological architecture and gating mechanisms of CP-AMPARs, we visualize these receptors, immunoaffinity purified from rat cerebella, and resolve their structures using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Our results indicate that the predominant assembly consists of GluA1 and GluA4 subunits, with the GluA4 subunit occupying the B and D positions, and auxiliary subunits, including transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) located at the B′ and D′ positions, and cornichon homologues (CNIHs) or TARPs located at the A′ and C′ positions. Furthermore, we resolved the structure of the noelin (NOE1)–GluA1–GluA4 complex, in which NOE1 specifically binds to the GluA4 subunit at the B and D positions. Notably, NOE1 stabilizes the amino-terminal domain layer without affecting gating properties of the receptor. NOE1 contributes to AMPAR function by forming dimeric AMPAR assemblies that are likely to engage in extracellular networks, clustering receptors in synaptic environments and modulating receptor responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors from rat brain show that they are composed primarily of GluA1 and GluA4 subunits, and biochemical studies show that noelin promotes inter-receptor interactions without modulating receptor function.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fang, Chengli and Spangler, Cathy J. and Park, Jumi and Sheldon, Natalie and Trussell, Laurence O. and Gouaux, Eric}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09289-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {526-534}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gating and noelin clustering of native ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Design of highly functional genome editors by modelling CRISPR–Cas sequences. NATURE, 645(8080), 518-525. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gene editing has the potential to solve fundamental challenges in agriculture, biotechnology and human health. CRISPR-based gene editors derived from microorganisms, although powerful, often show notable functional tradeoffs when ported into non-native environments, such as human cells1. Artificial-intelligence-enabled design provides a powerful alternative with the potential to bypass evolutionary constraints and generate editors with optimal properties. Here, using large language models2 trained on biological diversity at scale, we demonstrate successful precision editing of the human genome with a programmable gene editor designed with artificial intelligence. To achieve this goal, we curated a dataset of more than 1 million CRISPR operons through systematic mining of 26 terabases of assembled genomes and metagenomes. We demonstrate the capacity of our models by generating 4.8× the number of protein clusters across CRISPR–Cas families found in nature and tailoring single-guide RNA sequences for Cas9-like effector proteins. Several of the generated gene editors show comparable or improved activity and specificity relative to SpCas9, the prototypical gene editing effector, while being 400 mutations away in sequence. Finally, we demonstrate that an artificial-intelligence-generated gene editor, denoted as OpenCRISPR-1, exhibits compatibility with base editing. We release OpenCRISPR-1 to facilitate broad, ethical use across research and commercial applications. Gene editors designed using artificial intelligence can undertake precision editing of the human genome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ruffolo, Jeffrey A. and Nayfach, Stephen and Gallagher, Joseph and Bhatnagar, Aadyot and Beazer, Joel and Hussain, Riffat and Russ, Jordan and Yip, Jennifer and Hill, Emily and Pacesa, Martin and Meeske, Alexander J. and Cameron, Peter and Madani, Ali}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09298-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {518-525}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Design of highly functional genome editors by modelling CRISPR–Cas sequences}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ACLY inhibition promotes tumour immunity and suppresses liver cancer. NATURE, 645(8080), 507-517. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments are common in cancers such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (MASH-HCC)1–3. Although immune cell metabolism influences effector function, the effect of tumour metabolism on immunogenicity is less understood4. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) links substrate availability and mitochondrial metabolism with lipid biosynthesis and gene regulation5–7. Although ACLY inhibition shows antiproliferative effects in various tumours, clinical translation has been limited by challenges in inhibitor development and compensatory metabolic pathways8–12. Here, using a mouse model of MASH-HCC that mirrors human disease, genetic inhibition of ACLY in hepatocytes and tumours reduced neoplastic lesions by over 70%. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this pathway, a novel small-molecule ACLY inhibitor, EVT0185 (6-[4-(5-carboxy-5-methyl-hexyl)-phenyl]−2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid), was identified via phenotypic screening. EVT0185 is converted to a CoA thioester in the liver by SLC27A2 and structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy reveals that EVT0185-CoA directly interacts with the CoA-binding site of ACLY. Oral delivery of EVT0185 in three mouse models of MASH-HCC dramatically reduces tumour burden as monotherapy and enhances efficacy of current standards of care including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies. Transcriptomic and spatial profiling in mice and humans linked reduced tumour ACLY with increases in the chemokine CXCL13, tumour-infiltrating B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures. The depletion of B cells blocked the antitumour effects of ACLY inhibition. Together, these findings illustrate how targeting tumour metabolism can rewire immune function and suppress cancer progression in MASH-HCC. Using metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-driven hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models, an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor reduces tumour burden and enhances efficacy of current standards of care.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gautam, Jaya and Wu, Jianhan and Lally, James S. V. and McNicol, Jamie D. and Fayyazi, Russta and Ahmadi, Elham and Oniciu, Daniela Carmen and Heaton, Spencer and Newton, Roger S. and Rehal, Sonia and Bhattacharya, Dipankar and Di Pastena, Fiorella and Nguyen, Binh and Valvano, Celina M. and Townsend, Logan K. and Banskota, Suhrid and Batchuluun, Battsetseg and Jabile, Maria Joy Therese and Payne, Alice and Lu, Junfeng and Desjardins, Eric M. and Kubota, Naoto and Tsakiridis, Evangelia E. and Mistry, Bejal and Aganostopoulos, Alex and Houde, Vanessa and Dansercoer, Ann and Verschueren, Koen H. G. and Savvides, Savvas N. and Hammill, Joanne A. and Bezverbnaya, Ksenia and Muti, Paola and Tsakiridis, Theodoros and Dai, Wenting and Jiang, Lei and Hoshida, Yujin and Larché, Mark and Bramson, Jonathan L. and Friedman, Scott L. and Verstraete, Kenneth and Wang, Dongdong and Steinberg, Gregory R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09297-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {507-517}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {ACLY inhibition promotes tumour immunity and suppresses liver cancer}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Respiratory viral infections awaken metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs. NATURE, 645(8080), 496-506. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Breast cancer is the second most common cancer globally, with most deaths caused by metastatic disease, often following long periods of clinical dormancy1. Understanding the mechanisms that disrupt the quiescence of dormant disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) is crucial for addressing metastatic progression. Infections caused by respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 trigger both local and systemic inflammation2,3. Here we demonstrate, in mice, that influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to loss of the pro-dormancy phenotype in breast DCCs in the lung, causing DCC proliferation within days of infection and a massive expansion of carcinoma cells into metastatic lesions within two weeks. These phenotypic transitions and expansions are interleukin-6 dependent. We show that DCCs impair lung T cell activation and that CD4+ T cells sustain the pulmonary metastatic burden after the influenza infection by inhibiting CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Crucially, these experimental findings align with human observational data. Analyses of cancer survivors from the UK Biobank (all cancers) and Flatiron Health (breast cancer) databases reveal that SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increases the risk of cancer-related mortality and lung metastasis compared with uninfected cancer survivors. These discoveries underscore the huge impact of respiratory viral infections on metastatic cancer resurgence, offering new insights into the connection between infectious diseases and cancer metastasis. Mouse models show that respiratory infections from viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 can trigger metastasis of dormant breast cancer cells in the lungs, a finding supported by epidemiological data from two large human cohorts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chia, Shi B. and Johnson, Bryan J. and Hu, Junxiao and Valença-Pereira, Felipe and Chadeau-Hyam, Marc and Guntoro, Fernando and Montgomery, Hugh and Boorgula, Meher P. and Sreekanth, Varsha and Goodspeed, Andrew and Davenport, Bennett and De Dominici, Marco and Zaberezhnyy, Vadym and Schleicher, Wolfgang E. and Gao, Dexiang and Cadar, Andreia N. and Petriz-Otaño, Lucia and Papanicolaou, Michael and Beheshti, Afshin and Baylin, Stephen B. and Guarnieri, Joseph W. and Wallace, Douglas C. and Costello, James C. and Bartley, Jenna M. and Morrison, Thomas E. and Vermeulen, Roel and Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A. and Rincon, Mercedes and DeGregori, James}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09332-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {496-506}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Respiratory viral infections awaken metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Neutrophils drive vascular occlusion, tumour necrosis and metastasis. NATURE, 645(8080), 484-495. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tumour necrosis is associated with poor prognosis in cancer1,2 and is thought to occur passively when tumour growth outpaces nutrient supply. Here we report, however, that neutrophils actively induce tumour necrosis. In multiple cancer mouse models, we found a tumour-elicited Ly6GHighLy6CLow neutrophil population that was unable to extravasate in response to inflammatory challenges but formed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) more efficiently than classical Ly6GHighLy6CHigh neutrophils. The presence of these ‘vascular-restricted’ neutrophils correlated with the appearance of a ‘pleomorphic’ necrotic architecture in mice. In tumours with pleomorphic necrosis, we found intravascular aggregates of neutrophils and NETs that caused occlusion of the tumour vasculature, driving hypoxia and necrosis of downstream vascular beds. Furthermore, we found that cancer cells adjacent to these necrotic regions (that is, in ‘perinecrotic’ areas) underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, explaining the paradoxical metastasis-enhancing effect of tumour necrosis. Blocking NET formation genetically or pharmacologically reduced the extent of tumour necrosis and lung metastasis. Thus, by showing that NETs drive vascular occlusion, pleomorphic necrosis and metastasis, we demonstrate that tumour necrosis is not necessarily a passive byproduct of tumour growth and that it can be blocked to reduce metastatic spread. Neutrophils actively induce tumour necrosis, driving vascular occlusion, pleomorphic necrosis and metastasis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adrover, Jose M. and Han, Xiao and Sun, Lijuan and Fujii, Takeo and Sivetz, Nicole and Daßler-Plenker, Juliane and Evans, Clary and Peters, Jessica and He, Xue-Yan and Cannon, Courtney D. and Ho, Won Jin and Raptis, George and Powers, R. Scott and Egeblad, Mikala}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09278-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {484-495}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Neutrophils drive vascular occlusion, tumour necrosis and metastasis}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Epithelial cell membrane perforation induces allergic airway inflammation. NATURE, 645(8080), 475-483. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Allergens that induce allergic airway inflammation are highly diverse, but they commonly activate type 2 immune responses1,2. Airway epithelial cells are crucial in allergen sensing3–5. However, the shared features among diverse allergens that elicit similar innate responses, and their epithelial detection mechanisms, remain poorly defined1,2,6–9. Here we identify pore-forming proteins as one of the common stimuli of allergic airway inflammation and reveal their immune-activation mechanisms. Using the prevalent mould allergen Alternaria alternata as a model, we established an in vitro system to investigate type 2 innate immune sensing. A six-step biochemical fractionation identified Aeg-S and Aeg-L as the core immune-stimulatory components. Biochemical reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy reveal that these proteins form 16- to 20-mer transmembrane pore complexes. Their cooperative perforation acts as a bona fide type 2 immune adjuvant to support antigen-specific T helper 2 and immunoglobulin E responses. Genetically engineered A. alternata strains that lack pore-forming activity do not induce allergic responses in mice. Furthermore, pore-forming proteins from various species, despite structural and membrane target differences, are sufficient to trigger respiratory allergies. Perforations in airway epithelial cells initiate allergic responses through two mechanisms: one triggers IL-33 release, and the other involves Ca2+ influx, which activates MAPK signalling and type 2 inflammatory gene expression. These findings provide insight into how type 2 immune responses detect common perturbations caused by structurally diverse stimuli. Targeting downstream signalling of epithelial perforation may open new avenues for treating respiratory allergies. The ability to form pores in the plasma membrane of host airway epithelial cells is a common feature of many structurally diverse allergens that induce type 2 immune responses by stimulating IL-33 release and causing Ca2+ influx.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Kejian and Lv, Yao and Zhao, Chunqiu and Zeng, Huan and Wang, Yeqiong and Liu, Yuxuan and Li, Lin and Chen, She and Gao, Pu and Shao, Feng and Xu, Mo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09331-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {475-483}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Epithelial cell membrane perforation induces allergic airway inflammation}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Coenzyme q headgroup intermediates can ameliorate a mitochondrial encephalopathy. NATURE, 645(8080), 466-474. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2, underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases and the ageing process5,6. CoQ10 supplementation does not increase CoQ10 pools in the brain or in other tissues. The recent discovery of the mammalian CoQ10 headgroup synthesis pathway, in which 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein (HPDL) makes 4-hydroxymandelate (4-HMA) to synthesize the CoQ10 headgroup precursor 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HB)7, offers an opportunity to pharmacologically restore CoQ10 synthesis and mechanistically treat CoQ10 deficiencies. To test whether 4-HMA or 4-HB supplementation promotes CoQ10 headgroup synthesis in vivo, here we administered 4-HMA and 4-HB to Hpdl−/− mice, which model an ultra-rare, lethal mitochondrial encephalopathy in humans. Both 4-HMA and 4-HB were incorporated into CoQ9 and CoQ10 in the brains of Hpdl−/− mice. Oral treatment of Hpdl−/− pups with 4-HMA or 4-HB enabled 90–100% of Hpdl−/− mice to live to adulthood. Furthermore, 4-HB treatment stabilized and improved the neurological symptoms of a patient with progressive spasticity due to biallelic HPDL variants. Our work shows that 4-HMA and 4-HB can modify the course of mitochondrial encephalopathy driven by HPDL variants and demonstrates that CoQ10 headgroup intermediates can restore CoQ10 synthesis in vivo. Decreased brain coenzyme Q10 levels cause encephalopathy and are associated with neurodegeneration; supplementation with 4-HMA or 4-HB restores coenzyme Q10 synthesis in mice and humans with HPDL variants, improving survival and neurological symptoms in HPDL-driven mitochondrial encephalopathy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Guangbin and Miller, Claire and Kuno, Sota and Rey Hipolito, Alejandro G. and El Nagar, Salsabiel and Riboldi, Giulietta M. and Korn, Megan and Tran, Wyatt C. and Wang, Zixuan and Ficaro, Lia and Lin, Tao and Spillier, Quentin and Gamallo-Lana, Begoña and Jones, Drew R. and Snuderl, Matija and Song, Soomin C. and Mar, Adam C. and Joyner, Alexandra L. and Sillitoe, Roy V. and Banh, Robert S. and Pacold, Michael E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09246-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {466-474}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Coenzyme q headgroup intermediates can ameliorate a mitochondrial encephalopathy}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hippocampal representations drift in stable multisensory environments. NATURE, 645(8080), 457-465. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiments that track hippocampal place cells in mice navigating the same real environment have found significant changes in neural representations over a period of days1,2. However, whether such ‘representational drift’ serves an intrinsic function, such as distinguishing similar experiences that occur at different times3,4, or is instead observed due to subtle differences in the sensory environment or behaviour5–7, remains unresolved. Here we used the experimental control offered by a multisensory virtual reality system to determine that differences in sensory environment or behaviour do not detectably change drift rate. We also found that the excitability of individual place cells was most predictive of their representational drift over subsequent days, with more excitable cells exhibiting less drift. These findings establish that representational drift occurs in mice even with highly reproducible environments and behaviour and highlight neuronal excitability as a key factor of long-term representational stability. Tracking of individual place cells in mouse CA1 shows that representational drift is not influenced by changes in environment or behaviour, and is lower for more excitable place cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Climer, Jason R. and Davoudi, Heydar and Oh, Jun Young and Dombeck, Daniel A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09245-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {457-465}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hippocampal representations drift in stable multisensory environments}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1-μm resolution. NATURE, 645(8080), 448-456. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Multi-omics studies, represented by connectomes and spatial transcriptomes, have entered the era of single-cell resolution, necessitating a reference brain atlas with spatial localization capability at the single-cell level1–4. However, such atlases are unavailable5. Here we present a whole mouse brain dataset of Nissl-based cytoarchitecture with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography. By integrating multi-modal images, we constructed a three-dimensional reference atlas of the mouse brain, providing the three-dimensional topographies of 916 structures and enabling arbitrary-angle slice image generation at 1-μm resolution. We developed an informatics-based platform for visualizing and sharing of the atlas images, offering services such as brain slice registration, neuronal circuit mapping and intelligent stereotaxic surgery planning. This atlas is interoperable with widely used stereotaxic atlases, supporting cross-atlas navigation of corresponding coronal planes in two dimensions and spatial mapping across atlas spaces in three dimensions. By facilitating the data analysis and visualization for large brain mapping projects, our atlas promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level. A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feng, Zhao and Li, Xiangning and Luo, Yue and Liu, Xin and Long, Ben and Jiang, Tao and Jia, Xueyan and Chen, Xiaowei and Luo, Jie and Chai, Xiaokang and Wang, Zhen and Ren, Miao and Lu, Xin and Yao, Gang and Zhao, Mengting and Li, Yuxin and Liu, Zhixiang and Ni, Hong and Dou, Chuhao and Bao, Shengda and Yang, Shicheng and Zhang, Zoutao and Zhou, Jiandong and Cai, Lingyi and Zhang, Qi and Tudi, Ayizuohere and Tan, Chaozhen and Xu, Zhengchao and Chen, Siqi and Ding, Wenxiang and Shi, Wenjuan and Li, Anan and Dong, Hong-wei and Gong, Hui and Luo, Qingming}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09211-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {448-456}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1-μm resolution}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in peromyscus mice. NATURE, 645(8080), 439-447. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evading imminent threat from predators is critical for animal survival. Effective defensive strategies can vary, even between closely related species. However, the neural basis of such species-specific behaviours remains poorly understood1–4. Here we find that two sister species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus)5 show different responses to the same looming stimulus: Peromyscus maniculatus, which occupies densely vegetated habitats, predominantly escapes, whereas the open field specialist, Peromyscus polionotus, briefly freezes. This difference arises from species-specific escape thresholds, is largely context-independent, and can be triggered by both visual and auditory threat stimuli. Using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings, we find that although visual threat activates the superior colliculus in both species, the role of the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG) in driving behaviour differs. Whereas dPAG activity scales with running speed in P. maniculatus, neural activity in the dPAG of P. polionotus correlates poorly with movement, including during visually triggered escape. Moreover, optogenetic activation of dPAG neurons elicits acceleration in P. maniculatus but not in P. polionotus, and their chemogenetic inhibition during a looming stimulus delays escape onset in P. maniculatus to match that of P. polionotus. Together, we trace species-specific escape thresholds to a central circuit node, downstream of peripheral sensory neurons, localizing an ecologically relevant behavioural difference to a specific region of the mammalian brain. Visual threat triggers contrasting freeze and escape defensive responses in two species of deer mice as a result of different activation thresholds downstream of the superior colliculus in the dorsal periaqueductal grey.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baier, Felix and Reinhard, Katja and Nuttin, Bram and Sans-Dublanc, Arnau and Liu, Chen and Tong, Victoria and Murmann, Julie S. and Wierda, Keimpe and Farrow, Karl and Hoekstra, Hopi E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {439-447}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in peromyscus mice}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A haplotype-resolved pangenome of the barley wild relative hordeum bulbosum. NATURE, 645(8080), 429-438. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Wild plants can contribute valuable genes to their domesticated relatives1. Fertility barriers and a lack of genomic resources have hindered the effective use of crop–wild introgressions. Decades of research into barley’s closest wild relative, Hordeum bulbosum, a grass native to the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, have yet to manifest themselves in the release of a cultivar bearing alien genes2. Here we construct a pangenome of bulbous barley comprising 10 phased genome sequence assemblies amounting to 32 distinct haplotypes. Autotetraploid cytotypes, among which the donors of resistance-conferring introgressions are found, arose at least twice, and are connected among each other and to diploid forms through gene flow. The differential amplification of transposable elements after barley and H. bulbosum diverged from each other is responsible for genome size differences between them. We illustrate the translational value of our resource by mapping non-host resistance to a viral pathogen to a structurally diverse multigene cluster that has been implicated in diverse immune responses in wheat and barley. A study describes the assembly and analysis of a haplotype-resolved pangenome of bulbous barley with the potential to improve domesticated barley and illustrates its use in evolutionary research and trait mapping.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feng, Jia-Wu and Pidon, Hélène and Cuacos, Maria and Lux, Thomas and Himmelbach, Axel and Haghi, Reza and Fuchs, Jörg and Haberer, Georg and Kuo, Yi-Tzu and Guo, Yu and Jayakodi, Murukarthick and Toegelová, Helena and Harpke, Dörte and Knauft, Manuela and Fiebig, Anne and Maruschewski, Maren and Ronen, Moshe and Sharon, Amir and Šimková, Hana and Mayer, Klaus F. X. and Spannagl, Manuel and Kumlehn, Jochen and Heckmann, Stefan and Houben, Andreas and Blattner, Frank R. and Stein, Nils and Mascher, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09270-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {429-438}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A haplotype-resolved pangenome of the barley wild relative hordeum bulbosum}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatiotemporal faunal connectivity across global sea floors. NATURE, 645(8080), 423-428. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Our knowledge of biogeographic patterns and processes in the deep sea has been limited by the lack of integrated datasets that cover its vast extent1. Here we analyse a new global dataset of genomic DNA sequences, spanning an entire taxonomic class of benthic invertebrates (Ophiuroidea), to obtain a broad understanding of phylogenetic divergence and biotic movement across all oceans, from coastal margins down to the abyssal plains. We show that regional faunas on the continental shelf are phylogenetically divergent, particularly at temperate and tropical latitudes. By contrast, assemblages in the deep sea are much more connected. Many temperate deep-sea lineages have achieved distribution ranges across the planet, including over the Quaternary period. A close relationship exists between deep-sea faunas of the northern Atlantic and, on the opposite side of the globe, southern Australia. Bathymetric interchange is not only reliant on vertical migration through isothermal polar waters but also occurs across the thermal depth gradients of tropical regions. The connected nature of deep-sea life should be an important consideration in marine conservation assessments. We analyse a global dataset of genomic DNA sequences for Ophiuroidea to gain an understanding of phylogenetic divergence and biotic movement across oceans, finding phylogentically divergent faunas at shelf depths but greater connectivity of species at deep-sea depths.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Hara, Timothy D. and Hugall, Andrew F. and Haines, Margaret L. and Weber, Alexandra A.-T. and Eichsteller, Angelina and Brogger, Martin I. and Eléaume, Marc and Fujita, Toshihiko and Kongsrud, Jon A. and Martinez Arbizu, Pedro and Mills, Sadie and Olbers, Jennifer M. and Paulay, Gustav and Ramil, Fran and Samadi, Sarah and Sands, Chester J. and Sellanes, Javier and Solis-Marin, Francisco A. and Moussalli, Adnan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09307-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {423-428}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatiotemporal faunal connectivity across global sea floors}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global hotspots of mycorrhizal fungal richness are poorly protected. NATURE, 645(8080), 414-422. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mycorrhizal fungi are ecosystem engineers that sustain plant life and help regulate Earth’s biogeochemical cycles1–3. However, in contrast to plants and animals, the global distribution of mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity is largely unknown, which limits our ability to monitor and protect key underground ecosystems4,5. Here we trained machine-learning algorithms on a global dataset of 25,000 geolocated soil samples comprising >2.8 billion fungal DNA sequences. We predicted arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness and rarity across terrestrial ecosystems. On the basis of these predictions, we generated high-resolution, global-scale maps and identified key reservoirs of highly diverse and endemic mycorrhizal communities. Intersecting protected areas with mycorrhizal hotspots indicated that less than 10% of predicted mycorrhizal richness hotspots currently exist in protected areas. Our results describe a largely hidden component of Earth’s underground ecosystems and can help identify conservation priorities, set monitoring benchmarks and create specific restoration plans and land-management strategies. Machine-learning algorithms trained on 25,000 geolocated soil samples are used to create high-resolution global maps of mycorrhizal fungi, revealing that less than 10% of their biodiversity hotspots are in protected areas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Van Nuland, Michael E. and Averill, Colin and Stewart, Justin D. and Prylutskyi, Oleh and Corrales, Adriana and van Galen, Laura G. and Manley, Bethan F. and Qin, Clara and Lauber, Thomas and Mikryukov, Vladimir and Dulia, Olesia and Furci, Giuliana and Marín, César and Sheldrake, Merlin and Weedon, James T. and Peay, Kabir G. and Cornwallis, Charlie K. and Větrovský, Tomáš and Kohout, Petr and Baldrian, Petr and Tedersoo, Leho and West, Stuart A. and Crowther, Thomas W. and Kiers, E. Toby and van den Hoogen, Johan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09277-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {414-422}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global hotspots of mycorrhizal fungal richness are poorly protected}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Countrywide natural experiment links built environment to physical activity. NATURE, 645(8080), 407-413. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {While physical activity is critical to human health, most people do not meet recommended guidelines1,2. Built environments that are more walkable have the potential to increase activity across the population3–8. However, previous studies on the built environment and physical activity have led to mixed findings, possibly due to methodological limitations such as small cohorts, over-reliance on self-reported measures and cross-sectional designs5,7,9–11. Here we address these limitations by leveraging a large US cohort of smartphone users (N = 2,112,288) to evaluate within-person longitudinal behaviour changes that occurred over 248,266 days of objectively measured physical activity across 7,447 relocations among 1,609 US cities. By analysing the results of this natural experiment, which exposed individuals to differing built environments, we find that increases (decreases) in walkability are associated with significant increases (decreases) in physical activity after relocation. For example, moving from a less walkable (25th percentile) city to a more walkable city (75th percentile) increased walking by 1,100 daily steps, on average. These changes hold across different genders, ages and body mass index values, and are sustained over 3 months. The added activity is predominantly composed of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, which is linked to an array of associated health benefits1. Evidence against residential self-selection confounding is reported. Our findings provide robust evidence supporting the importance of the built environment in directly improving health-enhancing physical activity and offer potential guidance for public policy activities in this area. By analysing the smartphone data of 2,112,288 participants, in particular observing and comparing the activity of the same individual in two different environments, we find that increases in the walkability of environments result in increases in daily physical activity, providing evidence of the importance of the built environment on physical health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Althoff, Tim and Ivanovic, Boris and King, Abby C. and Hicks, Jennifer L. and Delp, Scott L. and Leskovec, Jure}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09321-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {407-413}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Countrywide natural experiment links built environment to physical activity}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Infrastructure deficits and informal settlements in sub-saharan africa. NATURE, 645(8080), 399-406. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sustainable development is an imperative worldwide1–3 but metrics and data on poverty and quality of life have remained too coarse and abstract to characterize challenges adequately and guide practical progress4,5. Nowhere is this challenge greater than in Africa4–6, where we still know little about the spatial details of development3,7–9. Here we leverage a comprehensive, high-precision dataset of building footprints to identify infrastructure deficits and infer informal settlements down to the street block level10–12 everywhere in sub-Saharan Africa. We identify a general pattern of informality with cities showing, on average, greater access to infrastructure and services than rural and peri-urban areas. We show that such patterns of informality are characterized by consistent statistical distributions reflecting uneven local development2,13,14. We also show that these physical measures of informality are systematically associated with many indicators of human deprivation, which form a single principal component co-varying predictably with specific changes in street access to buildings. These results demonstrate that the localization of sustainable development is possible down to the street level at a continental scale and provide a general distributed strategy for accelerating progress in infrastructure and service expansion that taps local innovations in systematic, equitable and context-appropriate ways7,11,12,15. A new network approach maps every street block in sub-Saharan Africa using high-resolution building and street data, pinpointing infrastructure needs and revealing development gradients from neighbourhoods to cities and rural areas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bettencourt, Luís M. A. and Marchio, Nicholas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09465-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {399-406}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Infrastructure deficits and informal settlements in sub-saharan africa}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Systematic attribution of heatwaves to the emissions of carbon majors. NATURE, 645(8080), 392-398. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Extreme event attribution assesses how climate change affected climate extremes, but typically focuses on single events1–4. Furthermore, these attributions rarely quantify the extent to which anthropogenic actors have contributed to these events5,6. Here we show that climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000–2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed. This work relies on the expansion of a well-established event-based framework1. Owing to global warming since 1850–1900, the median of the heatwaves during 2000–2009 became about 20 times more likely, and about 200 times more likely during 2010–2019. Overall, one-quarter of these events were virtually impossible without climate change. The emissions of the carbon majors contribute to half the increase in heatwave intensity since 1850–1900. Depending on the carbon major, their individual contribution is high enough to enable the occurrence of 16–53 heatwaves that would have been virtually impossible in a preindustrial climate. We, therefore, establish that the influence of climate change on heatwaves has increased, and that all carbon majors, even the smaller ones, contributed substantially to the occurrence of heatwaves. Our results contribute to filling the evidentiary gap to establish accountability of historical climate extremes7,8. Climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000–2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Quilcaille, Yann and Gudmundsson, Lukas and Schumacher, Dominik L. and Gasser, Thomas and Heede, Richard and Heri, Corina and Lejeune, Quentin and Nath, Shruti and Naveau, Philippe and Thiery, Wim and Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Seneviratne, Sonia I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09450-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {392-398}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Systematic attribution of heatwaves to the emissions of carbon majors}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dual-scale chemical ordering for cryogenic properties in CoNiV-based alloys. NATURE, 645(8080), 385-391. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mechanical properties of metallic materials often degrade under harsh cryogenic conditions, posing challenges for low-temperature infrastructures1. Here we introduce a dual-scale atomic-ordering nanostructure, characterized by an exceptionally high number density of co-existing subnanoscale short-range ordering (approximately 2.4 × 1026 m−3) and nanoscale long-range ordering (approximately 4.5 × 1025 m−3) domains, within a metallic solid-solution matrix in a CoNiV-based alloy to improve the synergy of strength and ductility at low temperatures. We observe an ordering-induced increase in dislocation shear stress as well as a more rapid dislocation multiplication owing to the dislocation blocking effect of nanoscale long-range ordering and the associated generation of new dislocations. The latter effect also releases stress concentrations at nanoscale long-range-ordered obstacles that otherwise would promote damage initiation and failure. Consequently, the alloy shows a strength–elongation product of 76 GPa % with a yield strength of approximately 1.2 GPa at 87 K, outperforming materials devoid of such ordering hierarchy, containing only short-range ordered or coherent precipitates of a few tens of nanometres. Our results highlight the impact of dual co-existing chemical ordering on the mechanical properties of complex alloys and offer guidelines to control these ordering states to enhance their mechanical performance for cryogenic applications. Dual-scale chemical ordering in CoNiV-based alloys improves the synergy of strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures, providing an approach for obtaining high-performance metallic materials for cryogenic applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lu, Tiwen and Sun, Binhan and Li, Yue and Dai, Sheng and Yao, Ning and Li, Wenbo and Dong, Xizhen and Chen, Xiyu and Niu, Jiacheng and Ye, Fan and Kwiatkowski da Silva, Alisson and Zhu, Shuya and Xie, Yu and Yang, Xiaofeng and Deng, Sihao and Tan, Jianping and Li, Zhiming and Ponge, Dirk and He, Lunhua and Zhang, Xian-Cheng and Raabe, Dierk and Tu, Shan-Tung}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09458-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {385-391}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dual-scale chemical ordering for cryogenic properties in CoNiV-based alloys}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Real-time in situ magnetization reprogramming for soft robotics. NATURE, 645(8080), 375-384. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnetic soft robots offer considerable potential across various scenarios, such as biomedical applications and industrial tasks, because of their shape programmability and reconfigurability, safe interaction and biocompatibility1–4. Despite recent advances, magnetic soft robots are still limited by the difficulties in reprogramming their required magnetization profiles in real time on the spot (in situ), which is essential for performing multiple functions or executing diverse tasks5,6. Here we introduce a method for real-time in situ magnetization reprogramming that enables the rearrangement and recombination of magnetic units to achieve diverse magnetization profiles. We explore the applications of this method in structures of varying dimensions, from one-dimensional tubes to three-dimensional frameworks, showcasing a diverse and expanded range of configurations and their deformations. This method also demonstrates versatility in diverse scenarios, including navigating around objects without undesired contact, reprogramming cilia arrays, managing multiple instruments cooperatively or independently under the same magnetic field, and manipulating objects of various shapes. These abilities extend the range of applications for magnetic actuation technologies. Furthermore, this method frees magnetic soft robots from the sole reliance on external magnetic fields for shape change, facilitating unprecedented modes and varieties of deformation while simultaneously reducing the need for complex magnetic field generation systems, thereby opening avenues for the development of magnetic actuation technologies. A real-time in situ magnetization reprogramming method for magnetic soft robots enables dynamic shape control, cooperative multi-tool manipulation and expanded actuation abilities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bao, Xianqiang and Wang, Fan and Zhang, Jianhua and Li, Mingtong and Zhang, Shuaizhong and Ren, Ziyu and Liao, Jiahe and Yan, Yingbo and Kang, Wenbin and Zhang, Rongjing and Liu, Zemin and Wang, Tianlu and Sitti, Metin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09459-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {375-384}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Real-time in situ magnetization reprogramming for soft robotics}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrically driven lasing from a dual-cavity perovskite device. NATURE, 645(8080), 369-374. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Solution-processed semiconductor lasers promise lightweight, wearable and scalable optoelectronic applications. Among the gain media for solution-processed lasers, metal halide perovskites stand out as an exceptional class because of their ability to achieve wavelength-adjustable, low-threshold lasing under optical pumping1–8. Despite the progress in this field, electrically driven lasing from perovskite semiconductors remains a critical challenge. Here we demonstrate an electrically driven perovskite laser, constructed by vertically integrating a low-threshold single-crystal perovskite microcavity sub-unit with a high-power microcavity perovskite LED (PeLED) sub-unit. Under pulsed electrical excitation, the dual-cavity perovskite device shows a minimum lasing threshold of 92 A cm−2 (average threshold: 129 A cm−2, at about 22 °C, in air), which is an order of magnitude lower than that of state-of-the-art electrically driven organic lasers9,10. Key to this demonstration is the integrated dual-cavity device architecture, which allows the microcavity PeLED sub-unit to deliver directional emission into the single-crystal perovskite microcavity sub-unit (at a coupling efficiency of about 82.7%) to establish the lasing action. An operational half-life (T50) of 1.8 h (6.4 × 104 voltage pulses at 10 Hz) is achieved, outperforming the stability of electrically pumped organic lasers9,10. The dual-cavity perovskite laser can be rapidly modulated at a bandwidth of 36.2 MHz, indicating its potential for data transmission and computational applications. An electrically driven perovskite laser is constructed by vertically integrating a low-threshold single-crystal perovskite microcavity sub-unit with a high-power microcavity perovskite LED sub-unit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zou, Chen and Ren, Zhixiang and Hui, Kangshuo and Wang, Zixiang and Fan, Yangning and Yang, Yichen and Yuan, Bo and Zhao, Baodan and Di, Dawei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09457-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {369-374}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrically driven lasing from a dual-cavity perovskite device}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 3D-printed micro ion trap technology for quantum information applications. NATURE, 645(8080), 362-368. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trapped-ion applications, such as in quantum information processing1, precision measurements2–5, optical clocks6 and mass spectrometry7, rely on specialized high-performance ion traps. The last three of these applications typically use traditional machining to customize macroscopic 3D Paul traps8, whereas quantum information processing experiments usually rely on photolithographic techniques to miniaturize the traps and meet scalability requirements9,10. Using photolithography, however, it is challenging to fabricate the complex 3D electrode structures required for optimal confinement. Here we demonstrate a high-resolution 3D printing technology based on two-photon polymerization (2PP)11 that is capable of fabricating large arrays of high-performance miniaturized 3D traps. We show that 3D-printed ion traps combine the advantages, such as strong radial confinement, of traditionally machined 3D traps with on-chip miniaturization. We trap calcium ions in 3D-printed ion traps with radial trap frequencies ranging from 2 MHz to 24 MHz. The tight confinement eases ion cooling requirements and allows us to implement high-quality Rabi oscillations with Doppler cooling only. Also, we demonstrate a two-qubit gate with a Bell-state fidelity of 0.978 ± 0.012. With 3D printing technology, the design freedom is greatly expanded without sacrificing scalability and precision, so that ion trap geometries can be optimized for higher performance and better functionality. High-resolution 3D printing technology making use of two-photon polymerization instead of traditional machining is described, allowing low-cost and scalable production of large arrays of high-quality 3D Paul traps.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Shuqi and Xia, Xiaoxing and Yu, Qian and Parakh, Abhinav and Khan, Sumanta and Megidish, Eli and You, Bingran and Hemmerling, Boerge and Jayich, Andrew and Beck, Kristin and Biener, Juergen and Häffner, Hartmut}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09474-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {362-368}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {3D-printed micro ion trap technology for quantum information applications}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Analog optical computer for AI inference and combinatorial optimization. NATURE, 645(8080), 354-361. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) and combinatorial optimization drive applications across science and industry, but their increasing energy demands challenge the sustainability of digital computing. Most unconventional computing systems1–7 target either AI or optimization workloads and rely on frequent, energy-intensive digital conversions, limiting efficiency. These systems also face application-hardware mismatches, whether handling memory-bottlenecked neural models, mapping real-world optimization problems or contending with inherent analog noise. Here we introduce an analog optical computer (AOC) that combines analog electronics and three-dimensional optics to accelerate AI inference and combinatorial optimization in a single platform. This dual-domain capability is enabled by a rapid fixed-point search, which avoids digital conversions and enhances noise robustness. With this fixed-point abstraction, the AOC implements emerging compute-bound neural models with recursive reasoning potential and realizes an advanced gradient-descent approach for expressive optimization. We demonstrate the benefits of co-designing the hardware and abstraction, echoing the co-evolution of digital accelerators and deep learning models, through four case studies: image classification, nonlinear regression, medical image reconstruction and financial transaction settlement. Built with scalable, consumer-grade technologies, the AOC paves a promising path for faster and sustainable computing. Its native support for iterative, compute-intensive models offers a scalable analog platform for fostering future innovation in AI and optimization. An analog optical computer that combines analog electronics, three-dimensional optics, and an iterative architecture accelerates artificial intelligence inference and combinatorial optimization in a single platform, paving a promising path for faster and sustainable computing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalinin, Kirill P. and Gladrow, Jannes and Chu, Jiaqi and Clegg, James H. and Cletheroe, Daniel and Kelly, Douglas J. and Rahmani, Babak and Brennan, Grace and Canakci, Burcu and Falck, Fabian and Hansen, Michael and Kleewein, Jim and Kremer, Heiner and O’Shea, Greg and Pickup, Lucinda and Rajmohan, Saravan and Rowstron, Ant and Ruhle, Victor and Braine, Lee and Khedekar, Shrirang and Berloff, Natalia G. and Gkantsidis, Christos and Parmigiani, Francesca and Ballani, Hitesh}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09430-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {354-361}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Analog optical computer for AI inference and combinatorial optimization}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probing non-equilibrium topological order on a quantum processor. NATURE, 645(8080), 348-353. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Out-of-equilibrium phases in many-body systems constitute a new paradigm in quantum matter—they exhibit dynamical properties that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. Among these non-equilibrium phases are periodically driven (Floquet) systems1–5, which are generically difficult to simulate classically because of their high entanglement. Here we realize a Floquet topologically ordered state theoretically proposed in ref. 6, on an array of superconducting qubits. We image the characteristic dynamics of its chiral edge modes and characterize its emergent anyonic excitations. Devising an interferometric algorithm allows us to introduce and measure a bulk topological invariant to probe the dynamical transmutation of anyons for system sizes up to 58 qubits. Our work demonstrates that quantum processors can provide key insights into the thus-far largely unexplored landscape of highly entangled non-equilibrium phases of matter. A superconducting quantum computer is used to realize an out-of-equilibrium topologically ordered state, which hosts anyonic excitations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Will, M. and Cochran, T. A. and Rosenberg, E. and Jobst, B. and Eassa, N. M. and Roushan, P. and Knap, M. and Gammon-Smith, A. and Pollmann, F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09456-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {348-353}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probing non-equilibrium topological order on a quantum processor}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probing the kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quantum computer. NATURE, 645(8080), 341-347. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum simulations of many-body systems are among the most promising applications of quantum computers1. In particular, models based on strongly correlated fermions are central to our understanding of quantum chemistry and materials problems2, and can lead to exotic, topological phases of matter3,4. However, owing to the non-local nature of fermions, such models are challenging to simulate with qubit devices5. Here we realize a digital quantum simulation architecture for two-dimensional fermionic systems based on reconfigurable atom arrays6. We utilize a fermion-to-qubit mapping based on Kitaev’s model on a honeycomb lattice3, in which fermionic statistics are encoded using long-range entangled states7. We prepare these states efficiently using measurement8 and feedforward9, realize subsequent fermionic evolution through Floquet engineering10,11 with tunable entangling gates12 interspersed with atom rearrangement, and improve results with built-in error detection. Leveraging this fermion description of the Kitaev spin model, we efficiently prepare topological states across its complex phase diagram13 and verify the non-Abelian spin-liquid phase3 by evaluating an odd Chern number14,15. We further explore this two-dimensional fermion system by realizing tunable dynamics and directly probing fermion exchange statistics. Finally, we simulate strong interactions and study the dynamics of the Fermi–Hubbard model on a square lattice. These results pave the way for digital quantum simulations of complex fermionic systems for materials science, chemistry16 and high-energy physics17. Digital quantum simulations of Kitaev’s honeycomb model are realized for two-dimensional fermionic systems using a reconfigurable atom-array processor and used to study the Fermi–Hubbard model on a square lattice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Evered, Simon J. and Kalinowski, Marcin and Geim, Alexandra A. and Manovitz, Tom and Bluvstein, Dolev and Li, Sophie H. and Maskara, Nishad and Zhou, Hengyun and Ebadi, Sepehr and Xu, Muqing and Campo, Joseph and Cain, Madelyn and Ostermann, Stefan and Yelin, Susanne F. and Sachdev, Subir and Greiner, Markus and Vuletić, Vladan and Lukin, Mikhail D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09475-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {341-347}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probing the kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quantum computer}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in jezero crater, mars. NATURE, 645(8080), 332-340. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures1–7. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater’s western edge8, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively. This organic carbon appears to have participated in post-depositional redox reactions that produced the observed iron-phosphate and iron-sulfide minerals. Geological context and petrography indicate that these reactions occurred at low temperatures. Within this context, we review the various pathways by which redox reactions that involve organic matter can produce the observed suite of iron-, sulfur- and phosphorus-bearing minerals in laboratory and natural environments on Earth. Ultimately, we conclude that analysis of the core sample collected from this unit using high-sensitivity instrumentation on Earth will enable the measurements required to determine the origin of the minerals, organics and textures it contains. A geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation on Mars reveals textures, chemical and mineral characteristics, and organic signatures that warrant consideration as potential biosignatures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hurowitz, Joel A. and Tice, M. M. and Allwood, A. C. and Cable, M. L. and Hand, K. P. and Murphy, A. E. and Uckert, K. and Bell, J. F. and Bosak, T. and Broz, A. P. and Clavé, E. and Cousin, A. and Davidoff, S. and Dehouck, E. and Farley, K. A. and Gupta, S. and Hamran, S.-E. and Hickman-Lewis, K. and Johnson, J. R. and Jones, A. J. and Jones, M. W. M. and Jørgensen, P. S. and Kah, L. C. and Kalucha, H. and Kizovski, T. V. and Klevang, D. A. and Liu, Y. and McCubbin, F. M. and Moreland, E. L. and Paar, G. and Paige, D. A. and Pascuzzo, A. C. and Rice, M. S. and Schmidt, M. E. and Siebach, K. L. and Siljeström, S. and Simon, J. I. and Stack, K. M. and Steele, A. and Tosca, N. J. and Treiman, A. H. and VanBommel, S. J. and Wade, L. A. and Weiss, B. P. and Wiens, R. C. and Williford, K. H. and Barnes, R. and Barr, P. A. and Bechtold, A. and Beck, P. and Benzerara, K. and Bernard, S. and Beyssac, O. and Bhartia, R. and Brown, A. J. and Caravaca, G. and Cardarelli, E. L. and Cloutis, E. A. and Fairén, A. G. and Flannery, D. T. and Fornaro, T. and Fouchet, T. and Garczynski, B. and Goméz, F. and Hausrath, E. M. and Heirwegh, C. M. and Herd, C. D. K. and Huggett, J. E. and Jørgensen, J. L. and Lee, S. W. and Li, A. Y. and Maki, J. N. and Mandon, L. and Mangold, N. and Manrique, J. A. and Martínez-Frías, J. and Núñez, J. I. and O’Neil, L. P. and Orenstein, B. J. and Phelan, N. and Quantin-Nataf, C. and Russell, P. and Schulte, M. D. and Scheller, E. and Sharma, S. and Shuster, D. L. and Srivastava, A. and Wogsland, B. V. and Wolf, Z. U.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09413-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {332-340}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in jezero crater, mars}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The emergence of globular clusters and globular-cluster-like dwarfs. NATURE, 645(8080), 327-331. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and densest stellar systems in the Universe, yet how they form remains a mystery1. Here we present a suite of cosmological simulations in which both dark-matter-free GCs and dark-matter-rich dwarf galaxies naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology. We show that these objects inhabit distinct locations in the size–luminosity plane and that they have similar ages, age spread, metallicity and metallicity spread to globulars and dwarfs in the nearby Universe. About half of our simulated globulars form by means of regular star formation near the centres of their host dwarf, with the rest forming further out, triggered by mergers. The latter are more tidally isolated and more likely to survive to the present day. Finally, our simulations predict the existence of a new class of object that we call ‘globular-cluster-like dwarfs’ (GCDs). These form from a single, self-quenching, star-formation event in low-mass dark-matter halos at high redshift and have observational properties intermediate between globulars and dwarfs. We identify several dwarfs in our Galaxy, such as Reticulum II (refs. 2–4), that could be in this new class. If so, they promise unprecedented constraints on dark-matter models and new sites to search for metal-free stars. The results from a state-of-the-art suite of hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations show how globular clusters naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology and also reveal the existence of a new class of object called globular-cluster-like dwarfs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Taylor, Ethan D. and Read, Justin I. and Orkney, Matthew D. A. and Kim, Stacy Y. and Pontzen, Andrew and Agertz, Oscar and Rey, Martin P. and Andersson, Eric P. and Collins, Michelle L. M. and Yates, Robert M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09494-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {327-331}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The emergence of globular clusters and globular-cluster-like dwarfs}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI expands the repertoire of CRISPR-associated proteins for genome editing. NATURE, 645(8080), 325-326. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A generative artificial-intelligence tool has designed a synthetic CRISPR system that successfully edits human DNA and sharply reduces off-target effects. A generative artificial-intelligence tool has designed a synthetic CRISPR system that successfully edits human DNA and sharply reduces off-target effects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Notin, Pascal}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02135-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {325-326}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI expands the repertoire of CRISPR-associated proteins for genome editing}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bug bites convince UK doctor to support mosquito research centre. NATURE, 645(8080), 324. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An encounter with blood-suckers persuades a researcher to back a new scientific institute, and an effort to standardize the printing of mathematical formulae, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02599-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {324}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bug bites convince UK doctor to support mosquito research centre}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Allergy-triggering proteins share a common characteristic. NATURE, 645(8080), 323-325. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Why do only certain molecules drive allergies? A feature now identified among some allergy-causing proteins is their ability to form pores in cells. Why do only certain molecules drive allergies? A feature now identified among some allergy-causing proteins is their ability to form pores in cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lambrecht, Bart N.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02136-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {323-325}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Allergy-triggering proteins share a common characteristic}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How did the oldest star clusters form?. NATURE, 645(8080), 322-323. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A computational model of the early-to-present-day Universe predicts that some of the first stars formed in structures that challenge conventional classification. A computational model of the early-to-present-day Universe predicts that some of the first stars formed in structures that challenge conventional classification.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lahén, Natalia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02598-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {322-323}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How did the oldest star clusters form?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inflammation during viral infection can rouse dormant cancer cells. NATURE, 645(8080), 320-321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sometimes, cancer cells that have spread become ‘dormant’ but can start proliferating again later. A cue that can reactivate them has been discovered. Sometimes, cancer cells that have spread become ‘dormant’ but can start proliferating again later. A cue that can reactivate them has been discovered.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dresden, Brooke P. and Alcorn, John F.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02137-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {320-321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inflammation during viral infection can rouse dormant cancer cells}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heatwaves linked to emissions of individual fossil-fuel and cement producers. NATURE, 645(8080), 319-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The emissions of leading fossil-fuel and cement producers have been systematically linked to particular heatwaves. Three scientists discuss the methodology behind the result and its potential impact on climate-liability court cases. The emissions of leading fossil-fuel and cement producers have been systematically linked to particular heatwaves. Three scientists discuss the methodology behind the result and its potential impact on climate-liability court cases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haustein, Karsten and Gerrard, Michael B. and Wentz, Jessica A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02596-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {319-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heatwaves linked to emissions of individual fossil-fuel and cement producers}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mystery martian minerals hint at the planet’s complex geochemical past. NATURE, 645(8080), 317-318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Perseverance rover on Mars has observed unusual minerals associated with organic matter — raising questions about the geochemistry of ancient Mars. The Perseverance rover on Mars has observed unusual minerals associated with organic matter — raising questions about the geochemistry of ancient Mars.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bishop, Janice L. and Parente, Mario}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02597-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {317-318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mystery martian minerals hint at the planet’s complex geochemical past}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Use computing royalties to kick-start biodiversity fund. NATURE, 645(8080), 315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Buckley, Ralf C. and Lawson, Charles and Carrasco, L. Roman and Zhong, Linsheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02890-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Use computing royalties to kick-start biodiversity fund}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Strengthen the science behind the agreement on fisheries subsidies. NATURE, 645(8080), 315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Su, Shu and Tang, Yi and Chen, Yong}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02891-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Strengthen the science behind the agreement on fisheries subsidies}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Creativity is essential to the ethos of universities. NATURE, 645(8080), 315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Roduner, Emil}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02892-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Creativity is essential to the ethos of universities}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Life scientists: Educate others to help strengthen biosecurity. NATURE, 645(8080), 315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shang, Lijun and Dando, Malcolm}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02893-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Life scientists: Educate others to help strengthen biosecurity}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global geopolitics should not stall science — 5 ways to push back. NATURE, 645(8080), 312-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers, funders, universities and governments must work together to build scientific collaborations that are resilient to rapidly evolving international sanctions. Researchers, funders, universities and governments must work together to build scientific collaborations that are resilient to rapidly evolving international sanctions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hammond, James Oliver Scott and Mauduit, Jean-Christophe}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02814-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {312-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global geopolitics should not stall science — 5 ways to push back}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can a bold ‘social contract’ make data sharing more palatable?. NATURE, 645(8080), 309-312. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hoarding of health data is common across Africa, owing to well-founded concerns about exploitation and misuse of biomedical information. A charter that guarantees responsible data stewardship would help to allay such fears. Hoarding of health data is common across Africa, owing to well-founded concerns about exploitation and misuse of biomedical information. A charter that guarantees responsible data stewardship would help to allay such fears.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Munung, Nchangwi Syntia and Ewuoso, Cornelius and Agamah, Francis E. and Chimusa, Emile R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02817-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {309-312}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can a bold ‘social contract’ make data sharing more palatable?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rainer weiss obituary: Nobel laureate who pioneered the technique that detected gravitational waves. NATURE, 645(8080), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Physicist who spearheaded the construction of the LIGO observatory to detect Einstein’s predicted ripples in space-time leaves a legacy of persistence and mentorship. Physicist who spearheaded the construction of the LIGO observatory to detect Einstein’s predicted ripples in space-time leaves a legacy of persistence and mentorship.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allen, Bruce}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02816-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rainer weiss obituary: Nobel laureate who pioneered the technique that detected gravitational waves}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to build nature back better — Read this manual. NATURE, 645(8080), 304-306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {By clearing the confusion, this comprehensive guide can help businesses to do more for nature. By clearing the confusion, this comprehensive guide can help businesses to do more for nature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nolan, Ryan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02815-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {304-306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to build nature back better — Read this manual}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A revolution is sweeping europe’s farms: Can it save agriculture?. NATURE, 645(8080), 301-303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Momentum is building for regenerative agriculture, a set of approaches that could help farms to weather the changing climate and make them more profitable. Momentum is building for regenerative agriculture, a set of approaches that could help farms to weather the changing climate and make them more profitable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reese, April}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02812-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {301-303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A revolution is sweeping europe’s farms: Can it save agriculture?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists take on trump: These researchers are fighting back. NATURE, 645(8080), 298-300. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Through lawsuits, grant tracking, whistle-blowing and more, resistance to the US war on science is growing. Through lawsuits, grant tracking, whistle-blowing and more, resistance to the US war on science is growing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Kozlov, Max and Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02811-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {298-300}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists take on trump: These researchers are fighting back}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mammoth toothache: Bacterial community discovered in mouth of ancient mammal. NATURE, 645(8080), 293-294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genetic-sequencing techniques have uncovered the oldest host-associated microbial DNA ever recorded — inside samples of teeth and bones from woolly and steppe mammoths. Genetic-sequencing techniques have uncovered the oldest host-associated microbial DNA ever recorded — inside samples of teeth and bones from woolly and steppe mammoths.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02799-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {293-294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mammoth toothache: Bacterial community discovered in mouth of ancient mammal}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How ageing changes our genes — Huge epigenetic atlas gives clearest picture yet. NATURE, 645(8080), 292-293. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A map of DNA methylation changes in human organs could help researchers to discover more targets for anti-ageing therapies. A map of DNA methylation changes in human organs could help researchers to discover more targets for anti-ageing therapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simms, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02735-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {292-293}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How ageing changes our genes — Huge epigenetic atlas gives clearest picture yet}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). This is the world’s largest ‘mosquito factory’: Its goal is to stop dengue. NATURE, 645(8080), 289-291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Raising millions upon millions of disease-fighting mosquitoes per week is no easy task, Nature learnt during its visit to the facility. Raising millions upon millions of disease-fighting mosquitoes per week is no easy task, Nature learnt during its visit to the facility.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02728-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {289-291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {This is the world’s largest ‘mosquito factory’: Its goal is to stop dengue}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Liquid-crystal specs refocus with the push of a button. NATURE, 645(8080), 287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bifocals for the touchscreen era accommodate users who mix near- and far-sightedness. Bifocals for the touchscreen era accommodate users who mix near- and far-sightedness.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02786-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Liquid-crystal specs refocus with the push of a button}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will a child survive? older siblings have a powerful influence. NATURE, 645(8080), 287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Swiss birth data from 1750 to 1870 reveal that girls who had lots of older brothers close to their own age were less likely to survive than were those who did not. Swiss birth data from 1750 to 1870 reveal that girls who had lots of older brothers close to their own age were less likely to survive than were those who did not.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02836-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will a child survive? older siblings have a powerful influence}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Changing tides ushered in the world’s first civilization. NATURE, 645(8080), 287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Construction of tidal irrigation systems helped to drive the formation of city states some 5,000 years ago. Construction of tidal irrigation systems helped to drive the formation of city states some 5,000 years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02837-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Changing tides ushered in the world’s first civilization}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Diabetes drug shows anti-ageing effects on chromsomes. NATURE, 645(8080), 287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Treatment with henagliflozin is linked to an increase in the length of telomeres, chromosomal caps that shorten over time. Treatment with henagliflozin is linked to an increase in the length of telomeres, chromosomal caps that shorten over time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02838-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Diabetes drug shows anti-ageing effects on chromsomes}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI chatbots are already biasing research — We must establish guidelines for their use now. NATURE, 645(8080), 285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The academic community has looked at how artificial-intelligence tools help researchers to write papers, but not how they distort the literature scientists choose to cite. The academic community has looked at how artificial-intelligence tools help researchers to write papers, but not how they distort the literature scientists choose to cite.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Zhicheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02810-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI chatbots are already biasing research — We must establish guidelines for their use now}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Climate impacts are real — Denying this is self-defeating. NATURE, 645(8080), 284. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The US administration is attempting to undermine efforts to curb greenhouse-gas emissions. It will ultimately leave that country, and the world, worse off. The US administration is attempting to undermine efforts to curb greenhouse-gas emissions. It will ultimately leave that country, and the world, worse off.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02868-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {284}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Climate impacts are real — Denying this is self-defeating}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthetic data can benefit medical research — But risks must be recognized. NATURE, 645(8080), 283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificially generated data can help to train AI models when real data are scant, but more focus is needed on validating the results. Artificially generated data can help to train AI models when real data are scant, but more focus is needed on validating the results.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02869-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8080}, pages = {283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthetic data can benefit medical research — But risks must be recognized}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). This deep-sea worm creates a toxic yellow pigment found in rembrandt and cézanne paintings. NATURE, 645(8080), 296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Paralvinella hessleri is the first known animal to create orpiment, which was used by artists for centuries. Paralvinella hessleri is the first known animal to create orpiment, which was used by artists for centuries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basu, Mohana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02771-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8080}, pages = {296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {This deep-sea worm creates a toxic yellow pigment found in rembrandt and cézanne paintings}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Research posts on bluesky are more original — And get better engagement. NATURE, 645(8080), 295-296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bluesky posts about science garner more likes and reposts than similar ones on X. Bluesky posts about science garner more likes and reposts than similar ones on X.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02741-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8080}, pages = {295-296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Research posts on bluesky are more original — And get better engagement}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hundreds of suspicious journals flagged by AI screening tool. NATURE, 645(8080), 294-295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {System that searches for signs of bad practice could help to weed out questionable titles. System that searches for signs of bad practice could help to weed out questionable titles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02782-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8080}, pages = {294-295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hundreds of suspicious journals flagged by AI screening tool}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump called for ‘gold-standard science’: How the NIH, NSF and others are answering. NATURE, 645(8080), 291-292. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some researchers say that US-agency policies provide opportunities for political interference. Some researchers say that US-agency policies provide opportunities for political interference.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Tollefson, Jeff and Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02770-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8080}, pages = {291-292}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump called for ‘gold-standard science’: How the NIH, NSF and others are answering}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Liquid–liquid interfacial tension stabilized li-metal batteries. NATURE, 645(8079), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ji, Haijin and Xiang, Jingwei and Li, Yong and Zheng, Mengting and Yuan, Lixia and Liao, Yaqi and Du, Lin and Li, Zezhuo and Xie, Zhangyating and Huang, Kai and Lin, Xing and Xie, Zhengkun and Shen, Yue and Chen, Ming and Li, Tongjiang and Feng, Guang and Sun, Yongming and Qie, Long and Li, Hui and Zhang, Fangshu and Guo, Rui and Feng, Xuning and Chen, Weihua and Ai, Xinping and Lu, Jun and Huang, Yunhui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09504-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Liquid–liquid interfacial tension stabilized li-metal batteries}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: RNA codon expansion via programmable pseudouridine editing and decoding. NATURE, 645(8079), E2-E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Jiangle and Yan, Xueqing and Wu, Hao and Ji, Ziqin and Shan, Ye and Wang, Xinyan and Ran, Yunfan and Ma, Yichen and Li, Caitao and Zhu, Yuchao and Gu, Ruichu and Wen, Han and Yi, Chengqi and Chen, Peng R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09464-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {E2-E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: RNA codon expansion via programmable pseudouridine editing and decoding}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A virtual rodent predicts the structure of neural activity across behaviours. NATURE, 645(8079), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aldarondo, Diego and Merel, Josh and Marshall, Jesse D. and Hasenclever, Leonard and Klibaite, Ugne and Gellis, Amanda and Tassa, Yuval and Wayne, Greg and Botvinick, Matthew and Ölveczky, Bence P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09407-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A virtual rodent predicts the structure of neural activity across behaviours}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘The wolf is not the bad guy’: Working with farmers to protect a reintroduced species. NATURE, 645(8079), 276. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carmen García-Chávez monitors the activities of wolves after their reintroduction to Chihuahua, northern Mexico. Carmen García-Chávez monitors the activities of wolves after their reintroduction to Chihuahua, northern Mexico.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pells, Rachael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02760-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {276}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘The wolf is not the bad guy’: Working with farmers to protect a reintroduced species}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nanobody therapy rescues behavioural deficits of NMDA receptor hypofunction. NATURE, 645(8079), 262-270. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There is an urgent need for efficient and innovative therapies to treat brain disorders such as psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Immunotherapies have proved to be efficient in many medical areas, but have not been considered to treat brain diseases due to the poor brain penetration of immunoglobulins1,2. Here we developed a bivalent biparatopic antibody, made of two camelid heavy-chain antibodies (called nanobodies)3, one binding to, and the other potentiating the activity of, homodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. We show that this bivalent nanobody, given peripherally, reaches the brain and corrects cognitive deficits in two preclinical mouse models with endophenotypes resulting from NMDA receptor hypofunction. Notably, these in vivo effects last for at least 7 days after a single intraperitoneal injection and are maintained after subchronic treatment. Our results establish a proof of concept that nanobodies can target brain receptors, and pave the way for nanobody-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of brain disorders. A bivalent biparatopic nanobody penetrates the brain, binds to and potentiates the activity of homodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, correcting cognitive deficits in two preclinical mouse models with endophenotypes resulting from NMDA receptor hypofunction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Oosterlaken, Mathieu and Rogliardo, Angelina and Lipina, Tatiana and Lafon, Pierre-André and Tsitokana, Mireille Elodie and Keck, Mathilde and Cahuzac, Héloïse and Prieu-Sérandon, Pierre and Diem, Séverine and Derieux, Cécile and Camberlin, Célia and Lafont, Chrystel and Meyer, Damien and Chames, Patrick and Vandermoere, Franck and Marin, Philippe and Prézeau, Laurent and Servent, Denis and Salahpour, Ali and Ramsey, Amy J. and Bécamel, Carine and Pin, Jean-Philippe and Kniazeff, Julie and Rondard, Philippe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09265-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {262-270}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nanobody therapy rescues behavioural deficits of NMDA receptor hypofunction}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Imidazole propionate is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. NATURE, 645(8079), 254-261. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases. Its prevention is based on the detection and treatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors1. However, individuals at risk for early vascular disease often remain unidentified2. Recent research has identified new molecules in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis3, highlighting the need for alternative disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve early diagnosis and therapy efficacy. Here, we observed that imidazole propionate (ImP), produced by microorganisms, is associated with the extent of atherosclerosis in mice and in two independent human cohorts. Furthermore, ImP administration to atherosclerosis-prone mice fed with chow diet was sufficient to induce atherosclerosis without altering the lipid profile, and was linked to activation of both systemic and local innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation. Specifically, we found that ImP caused atherosclerosis through the imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R, also known as nischarin) in myeloid cells. Blocking this ImP–I1R axis inhibited the development of atherosclerosis induced by ImP or high-cholesterol diet in mice. Identification of the strong association of ImP with active atherosclerosis and the contribution of the ImP–I1R axis to disease progression opens new avenues for improving the early diagnosis and personalized therapy of atherosclerosis. Imidazole propionate produced by gut microbiota is associated with atherosclerosis in mouse models and in humans, and causes the development of atherosclerosis through activation of the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mastrangelo, Annalaura and Robles-Vera, Iñaki and Mañanes, Diego and Galán, Miguel and Femenía-Muiña, Marcos and Redondo-Urzainqui, Ana and Barrero-Rodríguez, Rafael and Papaioannou, Eleftheria and Amores-Iniesta, Joaquín and Devesa, Ana and Lobo-González, Manuel and Carreras, Alba and Beck, Katharina R. and Ivarsson, Sophie and Gummesson, Anders and Georgiopoulos, Georgios and Rodrigo-Tapias, Manuel and Martínez-Cano, Sarai and Fernández-López, Ivan and Nuñez, Vanessa and Ferrarini, Alessia and Inohara, Naohiro and Stamatelopoulos, Kimon and Benguría, Alberto and Cibrian, Danay and Sánchez-Madrid, Francisco and Alonso-Herranz, Vanesa and Dopazo, Ana and Barbas, Coral and Vázquez, Jesús and López, Juan Antonio and González-Martín, Alicia and Nuñez, Gabriel and Stellos, Konstantinos and Bergström, Göran and Bäckhed, Fredrik and Fuster, Valentín and Ibañez, Borja and Sancho, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09263-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {254-261}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Imidazole propionate is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rescuing dendritic cell interstitial motility sustains antitumour immunity. NATURE, 645(8079), 244-253. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The dendritic cell (DC)-initiated and sustained cancer immunity cycle is indispensable for effective endogenous and therapeutically mobilized antitumour T cell responses1–8. This necessitates the continuous migration of antigen-carrying DCs from the tumour microenvironment (TME) to the tumour draining lymph nodes (tdLNs)7–13. Here, through longitudinal analysis of human and mouse tumours, we observed a progressive decrease in migratory conventional DCs (mig-cDCs) in the tdLNs during tumour progression. This decline compromised tumour-specific T cell priming and subsequent T cell supply to the TME. Using a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen, we identified phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and its substrate cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as key modulators of DC migration. Advanced tumours disrupted cGMP synthesis in DCs to decrease their motility, while PDE5 perturbation preserved the cGMP pool to restore DC migration. Mechanistically, cGMP enhanced myosin-II activity through Rho-associated factors, extending the paradigm of cGMP-regulated amoeboid migration from Dictyostelium to mammalian immune cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 using sildenafil restored mig-cDC homing to late-stage tdLNs and sustained antitumour immunity in a DC-dependent manner. Our findings bridge fundamental DC interstitial motility to antitumour immunity, revealing that its disruption in chaotic TME promotes immune evasion, and its enhancement offers a promising direction for DC-centric immunotherapy. Disruption of dendritic cell (DC) interstitial motility in the tumour microenvironment promotes immune evasion, and enhancement of DC interstitial motility offers a route for DC-centric immunotherapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tang, Haichao and Wei, Zongfang and Zheng, Bei and Cai, Yumeng and Wu, Peihan and Wu, Lulu and Ma, Xiaohe and Chen, Yanqin and Su, Si and Xu, Jinmin and Qiao, Yu and Zhang, Ying and Miao, Juju and Yu, Zijing and Zhao, Yaodong and Xia, Zhen and Zhou, Rongjing and Liu, Jian and Guo, Jufeng and Liu, Zhaoyuan and Xie, Qi and Ginhoux, Florent and Zhao, Luming and Li, Xu and Xia, Bing and Wu, Huanwen and Zhang, Yongdeng and Zhou, Ting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09202-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {244-253}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rescuing dendritic cell interstitial motility sustains antitumour immunity}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Loss of FCoV-23 spike domain 0 enhances fusogenicity and entry kinetics. NATURE, 645(8079), 235-243. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability of coronaviruses to recombine and cross species barriers affects human and animal health globally and is a pandemic threat1,2. FCoV-23 is a recently emerged, highly pathogenic recombinant coronavirus responsible for a widespread outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis. Here we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures of two FCoV-23 spike isoforms that correspond to the in-host loss of domain 0 observed in clinical samples. The loss of domain 0 markedly enhances the fusogenicity and kinetics of entry into cells and possibly enables biotype switching and lethality. We show that FCoV-23 can use several aminopeptidase N orthologues as receptors and reveal the molecular determinants of receptor species tropism, including a glycan that modulates human receptor engagement. We define antigenic relationships among alphacoronaviruses that infect humans and other mammalian species and identify a cross-reactive alphacoronavirus monoclonal antibody that inhibits FCoV-23 entry. Our results pave the way for the development of vaccines and therapeutics that target this highly pathogenic virus. The molecular mechanisms of cell entry for the recently identified highly pathogenic feline coronavirus FCoV-23 are characterized in detail.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tortorici, M. Alejandra and Choi, Annette and Gibson, Cecily A. and Lee, Jimin and Brown, Jack T. and Stewart, Cameron and Joshi, Anshu and Harari, Sheri and Willoughby, Isabelle and Treichel, Catherine and Leaf, Elizabeth M. and Bloom, Jesse D. and King, Neil P. and Tait-Burkard, Christine and Whittaker, Gary R. and Veesler, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09155-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {235-243}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Loss of FCoV-23 spike domain 0 enhances fusogenicity and entry kinetics}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Feline infectious peritonitis epizootic caused by a recombinant coronavirus. NATURE, 645(8079), 228-234. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) poses a serious threat to both animal and human health1–3. While the large RNA genome of CoVs shows relatively low mutation rates, recombination within genera is frequently observed4–7. Companion animals are often overlooked in the transmission cycle of viral diseases; however, the close relationship of feline (FCoV) and canine CoV (CCoV) to human hCoV-229E5,8, as well as the susceptibility of these animals to SARS-CoV-29, highlight their importance in potential transmission cycles. While recombination between CCoV and FCoV of a large fragment spanning orf1b to M has been previously described5,10, here we report the emergence of a highly pathogenic FCoV–CCoV recombinant responsible for a rapidly spreading outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) originating in Cyprus11. The minor recombinant region, spanning spike (S), shows 96.5% sequence identity to the pantropic canine coronavirus NA/09. Infection has rapidly spread, infecting cats of all ages. Development of FIP appears to be very frequent and sequence identities of samples from cats in different districts of the island are strongly supportive of direct transmission. A near-cat-specific deletion in the domain 0 of S is present in more than 90% of cats with FIP. It is unclear as yet whether this deletion is directly associated with disease development, and it may be linked to a biotype switch12. The domain 0 deletion and several amino acid changes in S, particularly the receptor-binding domain, indicate potential changes to receptor binding and cell tropism. The emergence of a highly pathogenic FCoV–CCoV recombinant is responsible for a rapidly spreading outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis originating in Cyprus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Attipa, Charalampos and Warr, Amanda S. and Epaminondas, Demetris and O’Shea, Marie and Hanton, Andrew J. and Fletcher, Sarah and Malbon, Alexandra and Lyraki, Maria and Hammond, Rachael and Hardas, Alexandros and Zanti, Antria and Loukaidou, Stavroula and Gentil, Michaela and Gunn-Moore, Danielle and Lycett, Samantha J. and Mazeri, Stella and Tait-Burkard, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09340-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {228-234}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Feline infectious peritonitis epizootic caused by a recombinant coronavirus}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complete biosynthesis of salicylic acid from phenylalanine in plants. NATURE, 645(8079), 218-227. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Salicylic acid (SA) is a pivotal phytohormone for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants have evolved two pathways to produce SA: the isochorismate synthase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) pathways1. Whereas the isochorismate synthase pathway has been fully identified2–4, the PAL pathway remains incomplete. Here we report the full characterization of the PAL pathway for SA biosynthesis via functional analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) SA-DEFICIENT GENE 1 (OSD1) to OSD4. The cinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase OSD1 catalyses the conversion of trans-cinnamic acid to cinnamoyl-CoA, which is subsequently transformed to benzoyl-CoA via the β-oxidative pathway in peroxisomes. The resulting benzoyl-CoA is further converted to benzyl benzoate by the peroxisomal benzoyltransferase OSD2. Benzyl benzoate is subsequently hydroxylated to benzyl salicylate by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane-resident cytochrome P450 OSD3, which is ultimately hydrolysed to salicylic acid by the cytoplasmic carboxylesterase OSD4. Evolutionary analyses reveal that the PAL pathway was first assembled before the divergence of gymnosperms and has been conserved in most seed plants. Activation of the PAL pathway in rice significantly enhances salicylic acid levels and plant immunity. Completion of the PAL pathway provides critical insights into the primary salicylic acid biosynthetic pathway across plant species and offers a precise target for modulating crop immunity. Characterization of four SALICYLIC ACID-DEFICIENT GENEs in rice identifies an ancestral pathway for biosynthesis of salicylic acid from phenylalanine and provides genetic targets for engineering disease resistance in crop plants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Bao and Zhang, Yanjun and Gao, Rong and Wu, Zhihua and Zhang, Wei and Zhang, Chao and Zhang, Penghong and Ye, Can and Yao, Linbo and Jin, Ying and Mao, Hui and Tou, Peiyao and Huang, Peng and Zhao, Jiangzhe and Zhao, Qiao and Liu, Chang-Jun and Zhang, Kewei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09175-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {218-227}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complete biosynthesis of salicylic acid from phenylalanine in plants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deciphering phenylalanine-derived salicylic acid biosynthesis in plants. NATURE, 645(8079), 208-217. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous plant hormone with a long history in human civilization1,2. Because of the central role of SA in orchestrating plant pathogen defence, understanding SA biosynthesis is fundamental to plant immunity research and crop improvement. Isochorismate-derived SA biosynthesis has been well defined in Arabidopsis. However, increasing evidence suggests a crucial function for phenylalanine-derived SA biosynthesis in many other plant species1. Here we reveal the phenylalanine-derived SA biosynthetic pathway in rice by identifying three dedicated enzymes — peroxisomal benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol benzoyltransferase (BEBT), the endoplasmic reticulum-associated cytochrome P450 enzyme benzylbenzoate hydroxylase (BBH), and cytosolic benzylsalicylate esterase (BSE) that sequentially convert benzoyl-CoA to benzylbenzoate, benzylsalicylate and SA. The pathogen-induced gene expression pattern and SA biosynthetic functions of this triple-enzyme module are conserved in diverse plants. This work fills a major knowledge gap in the biosynthesis of a key plant defence hormone, establishing a foundation for new strategies to create disease-resistant crops. Diverse plant species synthesize salicylic acid from phenylalanine through a pathway that includes a conserved triple-enzyme module that converts benzoyl-CoA to salicylic acid.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Yukang and Song, Shuyan and Zhang, Wenxuan and Deng, Qianwen and Feng, Yanlei and Tao, Mei and Kang, Mengna and Zhang, Qi and Yang, Lijia and Wang, Xinyu and Zhu, Changan and Wang, Xiaowen and Zhu, Wanxin and Zhu, Yixiao and Cao, Pengfei and Chen, Jia and Pan, Jinheng and Feng, Shan and Chen, Xianyan and Dai, Huaxin and Song, Shiyong and Yang, Jinghua and Zhao, Tianlun and Cao, Fangbin and Tao, Zeng and Shen, Xingxing and Last, Robert L. and Hu, Jianping and Yu, Jingquan and Fan, Pengxiang and Pan, Ronghui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09280-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {208-217}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deciphering phenylalanine-derived salicylic acid biosynthesis in plants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Three-step biosynthesis of salicylic acid from benzoyl-CoA in plants. NATURE, 645(8079), 201-207. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Salicylic acid (SA) is the active ingredient in willow bark that has been used for anti-inflammation and pain relief for centuries. Aspirin, a derivative of SA, is the most widely used medication in human history. SA also acts as a key plant defence hormone1–4. Although SA was known to be produced from chorismate in the model plant Arabidopsis5,6, how it is biosynthesized in plant families outside Brassicaceae remains unclear. Here we report the identification of a conserved pathway for SA biosynthesis in seed plants. Using Nicotiana benthamiana as a model, we identified three key steps for the biosynthesis of SA. First, ligation of benzoyl coenzyme A (CoA) and benzyl alcohol by benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol benzoyl transferase (BEBT) gives rise to benzyl benzoate, which is then hydroxylated by benzyl benzoate oxidase (BBO) to produce benzyl salicylate. Subsequent cleavage of benzyl salicylate by benzyl salicylate hydrolase (BSH) yields SA. Notably, genes encoding these three enzymes are present in a broad range of plants, and the genes from dicots such as willow, poplar and soybean as well as the monocot rice can complement the phenotype of SA-deficient mutants of N. benthamiana. Moreover, knockout analysis of the Oryza sativa OsBEBT, OsBBO and OsBSH genes reveals that they are required for SA biosynthesis in rice. Our findings suggest that the SA biosynthesis pathway is highly conserved in plants. The salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis pathway—involving ligation of benzoyl coenzyme A and benzyl alcohol to give benzyl benzoate; hydroxylation of benzyl benzoate to give benzyl salicylate; and cleavage of benzyl salicylate to give SA—is highly conserved in plants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Yanan and Xu, Lu and Wu, Mingsong and Wang, Jingjie and Qiu, Dan and Lan, Jiameng and Lu, Junxing and Zhang, Yang and Li, Xin and Zhang, Yuelin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09185-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {201-207}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Three-step biosynthesis of salicylic acid from benzoyl-CoA in plants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making. NATURE, 645(8079), 192-200. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood1. Here, to investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with a prior probability alternating between 0.2 and 0.8 in blocks of variable length. We found that mice estimate this prior probability and thereby improve their decision accuracy. Furthermore, we report that this subjective prior is encoded in at least 20% to 30% of brain regions that, notably, span all levels of processing, from early sensory areas (the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex) to motor regions (secondary and primary motor cortex and gigantocellular reticular nucleus) and high-level cortical regions (the dorsal anterior cingulate area and ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex). This widespread representation of the prior is consistent with a neural model of Bayesian inference involving loops between areas, as opposed to a model in which the prior is incorporated only in decision-making areas. This study offers a brain-wide perspective on prior encoding at cellular resolution, underscoring the importance of using large-scale recordings on a single standardized task. Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Findling, Charles and Hubert, Felix and Acerbi, Luigi and Benson, Brandon and Benson, Julius and Birman, Daniel and Bonacchi, Niccolò and Buchanan, E. Kelly and Bruijns, Sebastian and Carandini, Matteo and Catarino, Joana A. and Chapuis, Gaelle A. and Churchland, Anne K. and Dan, Yang and Davatolhagh, Felicia and DeWitt, Eric E. J. and Engel, Tatiana A. and Fabbri, Michele and Faulkner, Mayo A. and Fiete, Ila Rani and Freitas-Silva, Laura and Gerçek, Berk and Harris, Kenneth D. and Häusser, Michael and Hofer, Sonja B. and Hu, Fei and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Khanal, Anup and Krasniak, Chris and Langdon, Christopher and Langfield, Christopher A. and Latham, Peter E. and Lau, Petrina Y. P. and Mainen, Zach and Meijer, Guido T. and Miska, Nathaniel J. and Mrsic-Flogel, Thomas D. and Noel, Jean-Paul and Nylund, Kai and Pan-Vazquez, Alejandro and Paninski, Liam and Pillow, Jonathan and Rossant, Cyrille and Roth, Noam and Schaeffer, Rylan and Schartner, Michael and Shi, Yanliang and Socha, Karolina Z. and Steinmetz, Nicholas A. and Svoboda, Karel and Tessereau, Charline and Urai, Anne E. and Wells, Miles J. and West, Steven Jon and Whiteway, Matthew R. and Winter, Olivier and Witten, Ilana B. and Zador, Anthony and Zhang, Yizi and Dayan, Peter and Pouget, Alexandre}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09226-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {192-200}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour. NATURE, 645(8079), 177-191. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with previous expectations to initiate movements and make decisions1. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621,733 neurons recorded with 699 Neuropixels probes across 139 mice in 12 laboratories. The data were obtained from mice performing a decision-making task with sensory, motor and cognitive components. The probes covered 279 brain areas in the left forebrain and midbrain and the right hindbrain and cerebellum. We provide an initial appraisal of this brain-wide map and assess how neural activity encodes key task variables. Representations of visual stimuli transiently appeared in classical visual areas after stimulus onset and then spread to ramp-like activity in a collection of midbrain and hindbrain regions that also encoded choices. Neural responses correlated with impending motor action almost everywhere in the brain. Responses to reward delivery and consumption were also widespread. This publicly available dataset represents a resource for understanding how computations distributed across and within brain areas drive behaviour. The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Angelaki, Dora and Benson, Brandon and Benson, Julius and Birman, Daniel and Bonacchi, Niccolò and Bougrova, Kcénia and Bruijns, Sebastian A. and Carandini, Matteo and Catarino, Joana A. and Chapuis, Gaelle A. and Churchland, Anne K. and Dan, Yang and Davatolhagh, Felicia and Dayan, Peter and DeWitt, Eric EJ and Engel, Tatiana A. and Fabbri, Michele and Faulkner, Mayo and Fiete, Ila Rani and Findling, Charles and Freitas-Silva, Laura and Gerçek, Berk and Harris, Kenneth D. and Häusser, Michael and Hofer, Sonja B. and Hu, Fei and Hubert, Félix and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Khanal, Anup and Krasniak, Christopher S. and Langdon, Christopher and Langfield, Christopher and Lau, Petrina Y. P. and Mainen, Zachary F. and Meijer, Guido T. and Miska, Nathaniel J. and Mrsic-Flogel, Thomas D. and Noel, Jean-Paul and Nylund, Kai and Pan-Vazquez, Alejandro and Paninski, Liam and Pouget, Alexandre and Rossant, Cyrille and Roth, Noam and Schaeffer, Rylan and Schartner, Michael and Shi, Yanliang and Socha, Karolina Z. and Steinmetz, Nicholas A. and Svoboda, Karel and Urai, Anne E. and Wells, Miles J. and West, Steven J. and Whiteway, Matthew R. and Winter, Olivier and Witten, Ilana B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09235-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {177-191}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The dynamics and geometry of choice in the premotor cortex. NATURE, 645(8079), 168-176. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The brain represents sensory variables in the coordinated activity of neural populations, in which tuning curves of single neurons define the geometry of the population code1,2. Whether the same coding principle holds for dynamic cognitive variables remains unknown because internal cognitive processes unfold with a unique time course on single trials observed only in the irregular spiking of heterogeneous neural populations3–8. Here we show the existence of such a population code for the dynamics of choice formation in the primate premotor cortex. We developed an approach to simultaneously infer population dynamics and tuning functions of single neurons to the population state. Applied to spike data recorded during decision-making, our model revealed that populations of neurons encoded the same dynamic variable predicting choices, and heterogeneous firing rates resulted from the diverse tuning of single neurons to this decision variable. The inferred dynamics indicated an attractor mechanism for decision computation. Our results reveal a unifying geometric principle for neural encoding of sensory and dynamic cognitive variables. A population code for the dynamics of choice formation in the primate premotor cortex is revealed, with diverse single-neuron tuning to a shared decision variable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Genkin, Mikhail and Shenoy, Krishna V. and Chandrasekaran, Chandramouli and Engel, Tatiana A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09199-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {168-176}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The dynamics and geometry of choice in the premotor cortex}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engrafted nitrergic neurons derived from hPSCs improve gut dysmotility in mice. NATURE, 645(8079), 158-167. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders represent a major medical challenge, with few effective therapies available. These disorders often result from dysfunction of inhibitory nitric oxide (NO)-producing motor neurons in the enteric nervous system, which are essential for regulating gut motility. Loss or dysfunction of NO neurons is linked to severe conditions, including achalasia, gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction and chronic constipation1,2. Here we introduce a platform based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for therapeutic development targeting GI motility disorders. Using an unbiased screen, we identified drug candidates that modulate NO neuron activity and enhance motility in mouse colonic tissue ex vivo. We established a high-throughput strategy to define developmental programs driving the specification of NO neurons and found that inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) promotes their differentiation from precursors of the enteric nervous system. Transplantation of these neurons into NO-neuron-deficient mice led to robust engraftment and improved GI motility, offering a promising cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative GI disorders. These studies provide a new framework for understanding and treating enteric neuropathies. A study presents a strategy based on human pluripotent stem cells for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Majd, Homa and Samuel, Ryan M. and Cesiulis, Andrius and Ramirez, Jonathan T. and Kalantari, Ali and Barber, Kevin and Farahvashi, Sina and Ghazizadeh, Zaniar and Majd, Alireza and Chemel, Angeline K. and Richter, Mikayla N. and Das, Subhamoy and Bendrick, Jacqueline L. and Keefe, Matthew G. and Wang, Jeffrey and Shiv, Rahul K. and Bhat, Samyukta and Khoroshkin, Matvei and Yu, Johnny and Nowakowski, Tomasz J. and Wen, Kwun Wah and Goodarzi, Hani and Thapar, Nikhil and Kaltschmidt, Julia A. and McCann, Conor J. and Fattahi, Faranak}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09208-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {158-167}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engrafted nitrergic neurons derived from hPSCs improve gut dysmotility in mice}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A male-essential miRNA is key for avian sex chromosome dosage compensation. NATURE, 645(8079), 148-157. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Birds have a sex chromosome system in which females are heterogametic (ZW) and males are homogametic (ZZ)1. The differentiation of avian sex chromosomes from ancestral autosomes entails the loss of most genes from the W chromosome during evolution1,2. However, the extent to which mechanisms evolved that counterbalance this substantial reduction in female gene dosage remains unclear. Here we report functional in vivo and evolutionary analyses of a Z-linked microRNA (miR-2954) with strong male-biased expression, previously proposed to mediate avian sex chromosome dosage compensation3. We knocked out miR-2954 in chicken, which resulted in early embryonic lethality in homozygous knockout males, probably driven by specific upregulation of dosage-sensitive Z-linked target genes. Evolutionary gene expression analyses further revealed that these dosage-sensitive target genes underwent both transcriptional and translational upregulation on the single Z in female birds. Altogether, this work unveils a scenario in which evolutionary pressures following W gene loss drove transcriptional and translational upregulation of dosage-sensitive Z-linked genes in females but also their transcriptional upregulation in males. The resulting excess of transcripts in males, resulting from the combined activity of two upregulated dosage-sensitive Z gene copies, was in turn offset by the emergence of a highly targeted miR-2954-mediated transcript degradation mechanism during avian evolution. This study uncovered a unique sex chromosome dosage compensation system in birds, in which a microRNA has become essential for male survival. Birds have evolved a unique sex chromosome dosage compensation mechanism involving the male-biased microRNA (miR-2954), which is essential for male survival by regulating the expression of dosage-sensitive Z-linked genes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fallahshahroudi, Amir and Yousefi Taemeh, Sara and Rodríguez-Montes, Leticia and Trost, Nils and Frank, Dana and Lafrenz, Pascal and Koubek, Jiri and Tellez, Guillermo and Ballantyne, Maeve and Idoko-Akoh, Alewo and Taylor, Lorna and Sherman, Adrian and Davey, Megan and Ma, Cheng and Sorato, Enrico and Johnsson, Martin and Grozou, Christina and Xue, Ying and Liu, Long and Kramer, Guenter and Rubin, Carl-Johan and Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida and McGrew, Mike J. and Kaessmann, Henrik}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09256-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {148-157}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A male-essential miRNA is key for avian sex chromosome dosage compensation}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Contextualizing ancient texts with generative neural networks. NATURE, 645(8079), 141-147. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human history is born in writing. Inscriptions are among the earliest written forms, and offer direct insights into the thought, language and history of ancient civilizations. Historians capture these insights by identifying parallels—inscriptions with shared phrasing, function or cultural setting—to enable the contextualization of texts within broader historical frameworks, and perform key tasks such as restoration and geographical or chronological attribution1. However, current digital methods are restricted to literal matches and narrow historical scopes. Here we introduce Aeneas, a generative neural network for contextualizing ancient texts. Aeneas retrieves textual and contextual parallels, leverages visual inputs, handles arbitrary-length text restoration, and advances the state of the art in key tasks. To evaluate its impact, we conduct a large study with historians using outputs from Aeneas as research starting points. The historians find the parallels retrieved by Aeneas to be useful research starting points in 90% of cases, improving their confidence in key tasks by 44%. Restoration and geographical attribution tasks yielded superior results when historians were paired with Aeneas, outperforming both humans and artificial intelligence alone. For dating, Aeneas achieved a 13-year distance from ground-truth ranges. We demonstrate Aeneas’ contribution to historical workflows through analysis of key traits in the renowned Roman inscription Res Gestae Divi Augusti, showing how integrating science and humanities can create transformative tools to assist historians and advance our understanding of the past. Aeneas, a generative neural network trained on ancient texts, helps historians contextualize inscriptions and perform epigraphic tasks, offering an improved starting point for historical research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Assael, Yannis and Sommerschield, Thea and Cooley, Alison and Shillingford, Brendan and Pavlopoulos, John and Suresh, Priyanka and Herms, Bailey and Grayston, Justin and Maynard, Benjamin and Dietrich, Nicholas and Wulgaert, Robbe and Prag, Jonathan and Mullen, Alex and Mohamed, Shakir}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09292-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {141-147}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Contextualizing ancient texts with generative neural networks}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global phenology maps reveal the drivers and effects of seasonal asynchrony. NATURE, 645(8079), 133-140. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Terrestrial plant communities show great variation in their annual rhythms of growth, or seasonal phenology1,2. The geographical patterns resulting from this variation, known as land surface phenology (LSP)3, contain valuable information for the study of ecosystem function4,5, plant ecophysiology6–8, landscape ecology9,10 and evolutionary biogeography11–13. Yet globally consistent LSP mapping has been hampered by methods that struggle to represent the full range of seasonal phenologies occurring across terrestrial biomes14, especially the subtle and complex phenologies of many arid and tropical ecosystems1,15,16. Here, using a data-driven analysis of satellite imagery to map LSP worldwide, we provide insights into Earth’s phenological diversity, documenting both intercontinental convergence between similar climates and regional heterogeneity associated with topoclimate, ecohydrology and vegetation structure. We then map spatial phenological asynchrony and the modes of asynchronous seasonality that control it, identifying hotspots of asynchrony in tropical mountains and Mediterranean climate regions and reporting evidence for the hypothesis that climatically similar sites exhibit greater phenological asynchrony within the tropics. Finally, we find that our global LSP map predicts complex geographical discontinuities in flowering phenology, genetic divergence and even harvest seasonality across a range of taxa, establishing remote sensing as a crucial tool for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of allochrony by allopatry. A global land surface phenology map predicts complex geographical discontinuities in flowering phenology, genetic divergence and harvest seasonality across a range of taxa.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Terasaki Hart, Drew E. and Bùi, Thảo-Nguyên and Di Maggio, Lauren and Wang, Ian J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09410-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {133-140}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global phenology maps reveal the drivers and effects of seasonal asynchrony}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A prudent planetary limit for geologic carbon storage. NATURE, 645(8079), 124-132. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Geologically storing carbon is a key strategy for abating emissions from fossil fuels and durably removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere1,2. However, the storage potential is not unlimited3,4. Here we establish a prudent planetary limit of around 1,460 (1,290–2,710) Gt of CO2 storage through a risk-based, spatially explicit analysis of carbon storage in sedimentary basins. We show that only stringent near-term gross emissions reductions can lower the risk of breaching this limit before the year 2200. Fully using geologic storage for carbon removal caps the possible global temperature reduction to 0.7 °C (0.35–1.2 °C, including storage estimate and climate response uncertainty). The countries most robust to our risk assessment are current large-scale extractors of fossil resources. Treating carbon storage as a limited intergenerational resource has deep implications for national mitigation strategies and policy and requires making explicit decisions on priorities for storage use. A risk-based, spatially explicit analysis of carbon storage in sedimentary basins establishes a prudent planetary limit of around 1,460 Gt of geological carbon storage, which requires making explicit decisions on priorities for storage use.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gidden, Matthew J. and Joshi, Siddharth and Armitage, John J. and Christ, Alina-Berenice and Boettcher, Miranda and Brutschin, Elina and Köberle, Alexandre C. and Riahi, Keywan and Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim and Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Rogelj, Joeri}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09423-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {124-132}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A prudent planetary limit for geologic carbon storage}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electron flow matching for generative reaction mechanism prediction. NATURE, 645(8079), 115-123. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Central to our understanding of chemical reactivity is the principle of mass conservation1, which is fundamental for ensuring physical consistency, balancing equations and guiding reaction design. However, data-driven computational models2–9 for tasks such as reaction product prediction rarely abide by this most basic constraint10–13. Here we recast the problem of reaction prediction as a problem of electron redistribution using the modern deep generative framework of flow matching14–16, explicitly conserving both mass and electrons through the bond-electron (BE) matrix representation17,18. Our model, FlowER, overcomes limitations inherent in previous approaches by enforcing exact mass conservation, resolving hallucinatory failure modes, recovering mechanistic reaction sequences for unseen substrate scaffolds and generalizing effectively to out-of-domain reaction classes with extremely data-efficient fine-tuning. FlowER also enables downstream estimation of thermodynamic or kinetic feasibility and manifests a degree of chemical intuition in reaction prediction tasks. This inherently interpretable framework represents an important step in bridging the gap between predictive accuracy and mechanistic understanding in data-driven reaction outcome prediction. A new tool based on generative machine learning called FlowER uses flow matching to model reactions as the redistribution of electrons between reactants and products, enabling the enforcement of mass conservation in reaction prediction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Joung, Joonyoung F. and Fong, Mun Hong and Casetti, Nicholas and Liles, Jordan P. and Dassanayake, Ne S. and Coley, Connor W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09426-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {115-123}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electron flow matching for generative reaction mechanism prediction}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Adaptive and context-aware volumetric printing. NATURE, 645(8079), 108-114. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {We introduce Generative, Adaptive, Context-Aware 3D Printing (GRACE), a new approach combining 3D imaging, computer vision and parametric modelling to create tailored, context-aware geometries using volumetric additive manufacturing. GRACE rapidly and automatically generates complex structures capable of conforming directly around features ranging from cellular to macroscopic scales with minimal user intervention. Here we demonstrate its versatility in applications ranging from synthetic objects to biofabrication, including adaptive vascular-like geometries around cell-laden bioinks, resulting in improved functionality. GRACE also enables precise alignment of sequential prints, as well as the detection and overprinting of opaque surfaces through shadow correction. Compatible with various printing modalities1–4, GRACE transcends traditional additive manufacturing limitations in automating overprinting and adapting the printed designs to the content of the printable material. This opens new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A new approach combining 3D imaging, computer vision and parametric modelling, named GRACE, is introduced, enabling adaptive and context-aware 3D printing of structures around features ranging from cellular to macroscopic scales with minimal user intervention.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Florczak, Sammy and Größbacher, Gabriel and Ribezzi, Davide and Longoni, Alessia and Gueye, Marième and Grandidier, Estée and Malda, Jos and Levato, Riccardo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09436-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {108-114}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Adaptive and context-aware volumetric printing}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Latent resistance mechanisms of steel truss bridges after critical failures. NATURE, 645(8079), 101-107. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Steel truss bridges are constructed by connecting many different types of bars (components) to form a load-bearing structural system. Several disastrous collapses of this type of bridge have occurred as a result of initial component failure(s) propagating to the rest of the structure1–3. Despite the prevalence and importance of these structures, it is still unclear why initial component failures propagate disproportionately in some bridges but barely affect functionality in others4–7. Here we uncover and characterize the fundamental secondary resistance mechanisms that allow steel truss bridges to withstand the initial failure of any main component. These mechanisms differ substantially from the primary resistance mechanisms considered during the design of (undamaged) bridges. After testing a scaled-down specimen of a real bridge and using validated numerical models to simulate the failure of all main bridge components, we show how secondary resistance mechanisms interact to redistribute the loads supported by failed components to other parts of the structure. By studying the evolution of these mechanisms under increasing loads up to global failure, we are able to describe the conditions that enable their effective development. These findings can be used to enhance present bridge design and maintenance strategies, ultimately leading to safer transport networks. Experimental tests and computational simulations of a scaled-down specimen of a real steel truss bridge identify and characterize the latent resistance mechanisms following critical failures, demonstrating how loads supported by failed components can be redistributed and enable structure resilience.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reyes-Suárez, Juan C. and Buitrago, Manuel and Barros, Brais and Mammeri, Safae and Makoond, Nirvan and Lázaro, Carlos and Riveiro, Belén and Adam, Jose M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09300-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {101-107}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Latent resistance mechanisms of steel truss bridges after critical failures}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Attosecond control and measurement of chiral photoionization dynamics. NATURE, 645(8079), 95-100. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many chirality-sensitive light–matter interactions are governed by chiral electron dynamics. Therefore, the development of advanced technologies making use of chiral phenomena would critically benefit from measuring and controlling chiral electron dynamics on their natural attosecond timescales. Such endeavours have so far been hampered by the lack of characterized circularly polarized attosecond pulses, an obstacle that has recently been overcome1,2. Here we introduce chiroptical spectroscopy with attosecond pulses and demonstrate attosecond coherent control over photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD)3,4, as well as the measurement of chiral asymmetries in the forward–backward and angle-resolved photoionization delays of chiral molecules. We show that co-rotating attosecond and near-infrared (IR) pulses can nearly double the PECD and even change its sign compared with single-photon ionization. We demonstrate that chiral photoionization delays depend on both polar and azimuthal angles of photoemission in the light-propagation frame, requiring 3D momentum resolution. We measure forward–backward chiral-sensitive delays of up to 60 as and polar-angle-resolved photoionization delays of up to 240 as, which include an asymmetry of about 60 as originating from chirality in the continuum–continuum transitions. Attosecond chiroptical spectroscopy opens the door to quantitatively understanding and controlling the dynamics of chiral molecules on the electronic timescale. By introducing chiroptical spectroscopy with attosecond pulses, attosecond coherent control over photoelectron circular dichroism is demonstrated and measurements of chiral asymmetries in the forward–backward and angle-resolved photoionization delays of chiral molecules are reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Han, Meng and Ji, Jia-Bao and Blech, Alexander and Goetz, R. Esteban and Allison, Corbin and Greenman, Loren and Koch, Christiane P. and Wörner, Hans Jakob}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09455-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {95-100}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Attosecond control and measurement of chiral photoionization dynamics}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Experimental determination of partial charges with electron diffraction. NATURE, 645(8079), 88-94. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Atomic partial charges, integral to understanding molecular structure, interactions and reactivity, remain an ambiguous concept lacking a precise quantum-mechanical definition1,2. The accurate determination of atomic partial charges has far-reaching implications in fields such as chemical synthesis, applied materials science and theoretical chemistry, to name a few3. They play essential parts in molecular dynamics simulations, which can act as a computational microscope for chemical processes4. Until now, no general experimental method has quantified the partial charges of individual atoms in a chemical compound. Here we introduce an experimental method that assigns partial charges based on crystal structure determination through electron diffraction, applicable to any crystalline compound. Seamlessly integrated into standard electron crystallography workflows, this approach requires no specialized software or advanced expertise. Furthermore, it is not limited to specific classes of compounds. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by its application to a wide array of compounds, including the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the amino acids histidine and tyrosine, and the inorganic zeolite ZSM-5. We refer to this new concept as ionic scattering factors modelling. It fosters a more comprehensive and precise understanding of molecular structures, providing opportunities for applications across numerous fields in the chemical and materials sciences. An experimental method is used to assign partial charges based on crystal structure determination through electron diffraction, applicable to any crystalline compound.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mahmoudi, Soheil and Gruene, Tim and Schröder, Christian and Ferjaoui, Khalil D. and Fröjdh, Erik and Mozzanica, Aldo and Takaba, Kiyofumi and Volkov, Anatoliy and Maisriml, Julian and Paunović, Vladimir and van Bokhoven, Jeroen A. and Keppler, Bernhard K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09405-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {88-94}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Experimental determination of partial charges with electron diffraction}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultrabroadband on-chip photonics for full-spectrum wireless communications. NATURE, 645(8079), 80-87. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The forthcoming sixth-generation and beyond wireless networks are poised to operate across an expansive frequency range—from microwave, millimetre wave to terahertz bands—to support ubiquitous connectivity in diverse application scenarios1–3. This necessitates a one-size-fits-all hardware solution that can be adaptively reconfigured within this wide spectrum to support full-band coverage and dynamic spectrum management4. However, existing electrical or photonic-assisted solutions face a lot of challenges in meeting this demand because of the limited bandwidths of the devices and the intrinsically rigid nature of system architectures5. Here we demonstrate adaptive wireless communications over an unprecedented frequency range spanning over 100 GHz, driven by a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic wireless system. Leveraging the Pockels effect and scalability of the TFLN platform, we achieve monolithic integration of essential functional elements, including baseband modulation, broadband wireless–photonic conversion and reconfigurable carrier and local signal generation. Powered by broadband tunable optoelectronic oscillators, our signal sources operate across a record-wide frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz with high-frequency stability and consistent coherence. Based on the broadband and reconfigurable integrated photonic solution, we realize full-link wireless communication across nine consecutive bands, achieving record lane speeds of up to 100 Gbps. The real-time reconfigurability further enables adaptive frequency allocation, a crucial ability to ensure enhanced reliability in complex spectrum environments. Our proposed system represents a marked step towards future full-spectrum and omni-scenario wireless networks. Adaptive wireless communication over an unprecedented frequency range spanning over 100 GHz can be achieved by a thin-film lithium niobate photonic wireless system, which can process a large flux of information at high speed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tao, Zihan and Wang, Haoyu and Feng, Hanke and Guo, Yijun and Shen, Bitao and Sun, Dan and Tao, Yuansheng and Han, Changhao and He, Yandong and Bowers, John E. and Shu, Haowen and Wang, Cheng and Wang, Xingjun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09451-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {80-87}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultrabroadband on-chip photonics for full-spectrum wireless communications}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A fluorescent-protein spin qubit. NATURE, 645(8079), 73-79. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum bits (qubits) are two-level quantum systems that support initialization, readout and coherent control1. Optically addressable spin qubits form the foundation of an emerging generation of nanoscale sensors2–7. The engineering of these qubits has mainly focused on solid-state systems. However, fluorescent proteins, rather than exogenous fluorescent probes, have become the gold standard for in vivo microscopy because of their genetic encodability8,9. Although fluorescent proteins possess a metastable triplet state10, they have not been investigated as qubits. Here we realize an optically addressable spin qubit in enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. A near-infrared laser pulse enables triggered readout of the triplet state with up to 20% spin contrast. Using coherent microwave control of the enhanced-yellow-fluorescent-protein spin at liquid-nitrogen temperatures, we measure a (16 ± 2) μs coherence time under Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill decoupling. We express the qubit in mammalian cells, maintaining contrast and coherent control despite the complex intracellular environment. Finally, we demonstrate optically detected magnetic resonance in bacterial cells at room temperature with contrast up to 8%. Our results introduce fluorescent proteins as a powerful qubit platform that paves the way for applications in the life sciences, such as nanoscale field sensing and spin-based imaging modalities. An optically addressable fluorescent-protein spin qubit is realized using enhanced yellow fluorescent protein; the qubit can be coherently controlled at liquid-nitrogen temperatures and the spin detected at room temperature in cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feder, Jacob S. and Soloway, Benjamin S. and Verma, Shreya and Geng, Zhi Z. and Wang, Shihao and Kifle, Bethel B. and Riendeau, Emmeline G. and Tsaturyan, Yeghishe and Weiss, Leah R. and Xie, Mouzhe and Huang, Jun and Esser-Kahn, Aaron and Gagliardi, Laura and Awschalom, David D. and Maurer, Peter C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09417-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {73-79}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A fluorescent-protein spin qubit}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Seismic detection of a 600-km solid inner core in mars. NATURE, 645(8079), 67-72. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For rocky planets, the presence of a solid inner core has notable implications on the composition and thermal evolution of the core and on the magnetic history of the planet1–3. On Mars, geophysical observations have confirmed that the core is at least partially liquid4–7, but it is unknown whether any part of the core is solid. Here we present an analysis of seismic data acquired by the InSight mission, demonstrating that Mars has a solid inner core. We identify two seismic phases, the deep core-transiting phase, PKKP, and the inner core boundary reflecting phase, PKiKP, indicative of the inner core. Our inversions constrain the radius of the Martian inner core to about 613 ± 67 km, with a compressional velocity jump of around 30% across the inner core boundary, supported by additional inner-core-related seismic phases. These properties imply a concentration of distinct light elements in the inner core, segregated from the outer core through core crystallization. This finding provides an anchor point for understanding the thermal and chemical state of Mars. Moreover, the relationship between inner core formation and the Martian magnetic field evolution could provide insights into dynamo generation across planetary bodies. An analysis of seismic data acquired by the InSight mission demonstrates that Mars has a 600-km solid inner core.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bi, Huixing and Sun, Daoyuan and Sun, Ningyu and Mao, Zhu and Dai, Mingwei and Hemingway, Douglas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09361-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {67-72}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Seismic detection of a 600-km solid inner core in mars}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Silicate precursor silane detected in cold low-metallicity brown dwarf. NATURE, 645(8079), 62-66. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Within 20 pc of the Sun, there are currently 29 known cold brown dwarfs—sources with measured distances and an estimated effective temperature between that of Jupiter (170 K) and approximately 500 K (ref. 1). These sources are almost all isolated and are the closest laboratories we have for detailed atmospheric studies of giant planets formed outside the Solar System. Here we report JWST observations of one such source, WISEA J153429.75-104303.3 (W1534), which we confirm is a substellar mass member of the Galactic halo with a metallicity of less than 0.01 times solar. Its spectrum reveals methane (CH4), water (H2O) and silane (SiH4) gas. Although SiH4 is expected to serve as a key reservoir for the cloud-forming element Si in gas giant worlds, it has remained undetected until now because it is removed from observable atmospheres by the formation of silicate clouds at depth. These condensates are favoured with increasing metallicity, explaining why SiH4 remains undetected on well-studied metal-rich Solar System worlds such as Jupiter and Saturn2. On the metal-poor world W1534, we detect a clear signature of SiH4 centred at about 4.55 μm with an abundance of 19 ± 2 parts per billion. Our chemical modelling suggests that this SiH4 abundance may be quenched at approximately kilobar levels just above the silicate cloud layers, in which vertical atmospheric mixing can transport SiH4 to the observable photosphere. The formation and detection of SiH4 demonstrates key coupled relationships between composition, cloud formation and atmospheric mixing in cold brown dwarf and planetary atmospheres. Silane, which is a precursor to the sandy surfaces of rocky planets and dusty clouds on gas giants, is seen directly in another world—a low-metallicity brown dwarf in which oxidation is slow and gas mixing is fast.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Faherty, Jacqueline K. and Meisner, Aaron M. and Burningham, Ben and Visscher, Channon and Line, Michael and Suárez, Genaro and Gagné, Jonathan and Alejandro Merchan, Sherelyn and Rothermich, Austin James and Burgasser, Adam J. and Schneider, Adam C. and Caselden, Dan and Kirkpatrick, J. Davy and Kuchner, Marc Jason and Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella Carolina and Eisenhardt, Peter and Gelino, Christopher R. and Gonzales, Eileen C. and Marocco, Federico and Leggett, Sandy and Lodieu, Nicolas and Casewell, Sarah L. and Tremblin, Pascal and Cushing, Michael and Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa and Béjar, Víctor J. S. and Gauza, Bartosz and Wright, Edward and Phillips, Mark W. and Zhang, Jun-Yan and Martin, Eduardo L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09369-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {62-66}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Silicate precursor silane detected in cold low-metallicity brown dwarf}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Training of physical neural networks. NATURE, 645(8079), 53-61. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Physical neural networks (PNNs) are a class of neural-like networks that make use of analogue physical systems to perform computations. Although at present confined to small-scale laboratory demonstrations, PNNs could one day transform how artificial intelligence (AI) calculations are performed. Could we train AI models many orders of magnitude larger than present ones? Could we perform model inference locally and privately on edge devices? Research over the past few years has shown that the answer to these questions is probably “yes, with enough research”. Because PNNs can make use of analogue physical computations more directly, flexibly and opportunistically than traditional computing hardware, they could change what is possible and practical for AI systems. To do this, however, will require notable progress, rethinking both how AI models work and how they are trained—primarily by considering the problems through the constraints of the underlying hardware physics. To train PNNs, backpropagation-based and backpropagation-free approaches are now being explored. These methods have various trade-offs and, so far, no method has been shown to scale to large models with the same performance as the backpropagation algorithm widely used in deep learning today. However, this challenge has been rapidly changing and a diverse ecosystem of training techniques provides clues for how PNNs may one day be used to create both more efficient and larger-scale realizations of present-scale AI models. Methods to train physical neural networks, such as backpropagation-based and backpropagation-free approaches, are explored to allow scaling up of artificial intelligence models far beyond present small-scale laboratory demonstrations, potentially enhancing computational efficiency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Momeni, Ali and Rahmani, Babak and Scellier, Benjamin and Wright, Logan G. and McMahon, Peter L. and Wanjura, Clara C. and Li, Yuhang and Skalli, Anas and Berloff, Natalia G. and Onodera, Tatsuhiro and Oguz, Ilker and Morichetti, Francesco and del Hougne, Philipp and Le Gallo, Manuel and Sebastian, Abu and Mirhoseini, Azalia and Zhang, Cheng and Marković, Danijela and Brunner, Daniel and Moser, Christophe and Gigan, Sylvain and Marquardt, Florian and Ozcan, Aydogan and Grollier, Julie and Liu, Andrea J. and Psaltis, Demetri and Alù, Andrea and Fleury, Romain}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09384-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {53-61}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Training of physical neural networks}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Experiment puts ‘spoon bending’ to the test. NATURE, 645(8079), 51. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {People who claim they can bend spoons by stroking them fail to convince researchers, and a pioneer of industrial research gets the recognition she deserves in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02535-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {51}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Experiment puts ‘spoon bending’ to the test}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Marsquakes indicate that the inner core of the red planet is solid, not liquid. NATURE, 645(8079), 50-52. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of seismic waves propagating through Mars finds evidence that the planet has a small, solid inner core, which challenges existing planetary models. An analysis of seismic waves propagating through Mars finds evidence that the planet has a small, solid inner core, which challenges existing planetary models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schmerr, Nicholas C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02530-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {50-52}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Marsquakes indicate that the inner core of the red planet is solid, not liquid}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Missing steps uncovered in a pathway plants use to produce the defence molecule salicylic acid. NATURE, 645(8079), 48-50. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A long-standing mystery about a pathway that makes a key defence molecule in various valuable crop plants is finally solved. A long-standing mystery about a pathway that makes a key defence molecule in various valuable crop plants is finally solved.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hyun, Jiyeon and Yoo, Heejin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02131-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {48-50}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Missing steps uncovered in a pathway plants use to produce the defence molecule salicylic acid}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Damaged bridges flex and twist to prevent collapse. NATURE, 645(8079), 47-48. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bridges made from connected steel frameworks can sometimes survive unexpected damage by activating hidden structural responses. Bridges made from connected steel frameworks can sometimes survive unexpected damage by activating hidden structural responses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cashell, Katherine A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02529-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {47-48}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Damaged bridges flex and twist to prevent collapse}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gut bacteria make a molecule that promotes plaque build-up in arteries. NATURE, 645(8079), 46-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A bacterially produced molecule circulates in the bloodstream and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by hijacking immune-cell signalling. A bacterially produced molecule circulates in the bloodstream and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by hijacking immune-cell signalling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rey, Federico and Vemuganti, Vaibhav}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02060-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {46-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gut bacteria make a molecule that promotes plaque build-up in arteries}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Immunotherapy using CAR t cells shows promising long-term outcomes for people with the blood cancer myeloma. NATURE, 645(8079), 44-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A clinical trial reports data from one of the first groups of people with the blood cancer myeloma to receive a type of immunotherapy called CAR T cells. A clinical trial reports data from one of the first groups of people with the blood cancer myeloma to receive a type of immunotherapy called CAR T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bird, Sarah and Pawlyn, Charlotte}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02592-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {44-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Immunotherapy using CAR t cells shows promising long-term outcomes for people with the blood cancer myeloma}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI for latin inscriptions supplies missing text and predicts date and location. NATURE, 645(8079), 43-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An artificial-intelligence tool helps historians to interpret Latin inscriptions by assigning a date and location and suggesting text for missing parts. An artificial-intelligence tool helps historians to interpret Latin inscriptions by assigning a date and location and suggesting text for missing parts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tupman, Charlotte}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02132-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {43-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI for latin inscriptions supplies missing text and predicts date and location}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s chikungunya virus outbreak is a wake up call. NATURE, 645(8079), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Yulin and Zhang, Yi and Fang, Zezheng and Ni, Shilei}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02794-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s chikungunya virus outbreak is a wake up call}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Veterinarians need to be part of west nile disease storytelling. NATURE, 645(8079), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Di Guardo, Giovanni}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02795-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Veterinarians need to be part of west nile disease storytelling}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI-agent ethics should consider sentient non-human animals. NATURE, 645(8079), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Foris, Borbala and Rault, Jean-Loup}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02796-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI-agent ethics should consider sentient non-human animals}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Include climate impacts when protecting infrastructure. NATURE, 645(8079), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lu, Hongfang and Cheng, Y. Frank}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02797-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Include climate impacts when protecting infrastructure}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do social-media bans benefit young people? these data could offer clues. NATURE, 645(8079), 38-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Australia’s Online Safety Amendment Act provides the chance for researchers to analyse the complex relationship between social-media use and mental health in adolescents, but results should be interpreted with caution. Australia’s Online Safety Amendment Act provides the chance for researchers to analyse the complex relationship between social-media use and mental health in adolescents, but results should be interpreted with caution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Christensen, Helen and Mackinnon, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02759-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {38-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do social-media bans benefit young people? these data could offer clues}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Air taxis will soon be in our skies — If batteries can be made safer. NATURE, 645(8079), 36-38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Small electric aeroplanes flying at low altitude will need energy sources that can withstand crashes and deliver power reliably. Standards need to be decided now. Small electric aeroplanes flying at low altitude will need energy sources that can withstand crashes and deliver power reliably. Standards need to be decided now.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mai, Liqiang and Tian, Xiaocong and Zhao, Yunlong}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02758-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {36-38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Air taxis will soon be in our skies — If batteries can be made safer}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who is afraid of quantum mechanics? books in brief. NATURE, 645(8079), 34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02755-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who is afraid of quantum mechanics? books in brief}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unifying gravity and quantum theory requires better understanding of time. NATURE, 645(8079), 32-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Textbooks give strange, imprecise explanations of where things happen in quantum mechanics. Consistency with gravity needs a fresh approach. Textbooks give strange, imprecise explanations of where things happen in quantum mechanics. Consistency with gravity needs a fresh approach.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dowker, Fay}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02756-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {32-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unifying gravity and quantum theory requires better understanding of time}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clarity or accuracy — What makes a good scientific image?. NATURE, 645(8079), 30-31. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Photography is not just illustrative, it is investigative. A revealing book cautions us to look closely at what pictures are really telling us. Photography is not just illustrative, it is investigative. A revealing book cautions us to look closely at what pictures are really telling us.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Frankel, Felice}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02757-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {30-31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clarity or accuracy — What makes a good scientific image?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is this the future of food? 'Sexless' seeds that could transform farming. NATURE, 645(8079), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists are tinkering with plant genes to create crops that seed their own clones, with a host of benefits for farmers. Scientists are tinkering with plant genes to create crops that seed their own clones, with a host of benefits for farmers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lewis, Dyani}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02753-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is this the future of food? 'Sexless' seeds that could transform farming}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are ultra-processed foods really so unhealthy? what the science says. NATURE, 645(8079), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {These foods have been linked to obesity and other health troubles, but some scientists argue the grouping is too broad to guide dietary choices. These foods have been linked to obesity and other health troubles, but some scientists argue the grouping is too broad to guide dietary choices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fleming, Nic}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02754-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are ultra-processed foods really so unhealthy? what the science says}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). States now have a legal duty to prevent climate harm — Justice is in reach. NATURE, 645(8079), 10. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A July ruling from the International Court of Justice is clear: nations can face consequences if they don’t act on the climate crisis. A July ruling from the International Court of Justice is clear: nations can face consequences if they don’t act on the climate crisis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Talia, Maina Vakafua}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02752-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {States now have a legal duty to prevent climate harm — Justice is in reach}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How academics and ‘big tech’ can learn from one another. NATURE, 645(8079), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Foreseeing clashes of cultures is the key to making industry-academic collaborations mutually beneficial. Foreseeing clashes of cultures is the key to making industry-academic collaborations mutually beneficial.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Currall, Steven C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02751-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How academics and ‘big tech’ can learn from one another}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultra-processed foods — It’s time for an improved definition. NATURE, 645(8079), 7. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The worst excesses of industrial food production must be reined in, while ensuring people have access to adequate calories. The worst excesses of industrial food production must be reined in, while ensuring people have access to adequate calories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02750-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {9}, number = {8079}, pages = {7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultra-processed foods — It’s time for an improved definition}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How researcher visa curbs threaten science careers. NATURE, 645(8079), 271-274. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Anti-immigration sentiment is fuelling a drive to slash international student and worker numbers, but at what cost to researchers and countries leading the charge? Anti-immigration sentiment is fuelling a drive to slash international student and worker numbers, but at what cost to researchers and countries leading the charge?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gewin, Virginia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02293-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {271-274}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How researcher visa curbs threaten science careers}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pig lung transplanted into a person in world first. NATURE, 645(8079), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lungs are complex organs to transplant, but the surgery is a step towards clinical trials. Lungs are complex organs to transplant, but the surgery is a step towards clinical trials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02708-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pig lung transplanted into a person in world first}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Repeated heatwaves can age you as much as smoking or drinking. NATURE, 645(8079), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long-term study suggests that the more heatwaves people are exposed to, the more it accelerates body ageing. Long-term study suggests that the more heatwaves people are exposed to, the more it accelerates body ageing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kreier, Freda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02729-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Repeated heatwaves can age you as much as smoking or drinking}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US supreme court allows NIH to cut $2 billion in research grants. NATURE, 645(8079), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The decision will hinder lawsuits against grant terminations, legal specialists say. The decision will hinder lawsuits against grant terminations, legal specialists say.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02721-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US supreme court allows NIH to cut $2 billion in research grants}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glow-in-the-dark houseplants shine in rainbow of colours. NATURE, 645(8079), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Succulents become rechargeable night lights after injection with tiny phosphor particles. Succulents become rechargeable night lights after injection with tiny phosphor particles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02740-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glow-in-the-dark houseplants shine in rainbow of colours}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The brain’s map of the body is surprisingly stable — Even after a limb is lost. NATURE, 645(8079), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study challenges the textbook idea that the brain region that processes body sensations reorganizes itself after limb amputation. Study challenges the textbook idea that the brain region that processes body sensations reorganizes itself after limb amputation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02686-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The brain’s map of the body is surprisingly stable — Even after a limb is lost}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Beer lovers fall into two flavour camps — Which one are you in?. NATURE, 645(8079), 15-16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research shows that beer drinkers are split depending on which types of flavour chemicals they prefer. Research shows that beer drinkers are split depending on which types of flavour chemicals they prefer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02709-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {15-16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Beer lovers fall into two flavour camps — Which one are you in?}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Peer reviewers more likely to approve articles that cite their own work. NATURE, 645(8079), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Preprint examines how citations can influence the review process. Preprint examines how citations can influence the review process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02547-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Peer reviewers more likely to approve articles that cite their own work}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RFK jr demanded a vaccine study be retracted — The journal said no. NATURE, 645(8079), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a rare move for a US public official, health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr called for a Danish paper finding no link between aluminium in vaccines and disease to be retracted. In a rare move for a US public official, health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr called for a Danish paper finding no link between aluminium in vaccines and disease to be retracted.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02682-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RFK jr demanded a vaccine study be retracted — The journal said no}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does dark energy spawn from black holes? could be a bright idea. NATURE, 645(8079), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cosmic maps appear consistent with the proposal that black holes could cause the Universe's accelerating expansion. Cosmic maps appear consistent with the proposal that black holes could cause the Universe's accelerating expansion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02720-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does dark energy spawn from black holes? could be a bright idea}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). When will life expectancy reach 100? no time soon. NATURE, 645(8079), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Average expected lifespan is still increasing in high-income countries, but the rate of increase is slowing. Average expected lifespan is still increasing in high-income countries, but the rate of increase is slowing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02725-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {When will life expectancy reach 100? no time soon}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bright city lights make birds around the world sing longer. NATURE, 645(8079), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Big-eyed species are especially vulnerable to the effects of light pollution, a citizen-science effort shows. Big-eyed species are especially vulnerable to the effects of light pollution, a citizen-science effort shows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02726-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bright city lights make birds around the world sing longer}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Even dinosaurs weren’t safe from this giant croc-like predator. NATURE, 645(8079), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The creature might have been more than 3.5 metres long, with powerful jaws and serrated, flesh-cutting teeth. The creature might have been more than 3.5 metres long, with powerful jaws and serrated, flesh-cutting teeth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02727-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8079}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Even dinosaurs weren’t safe from this giant croc-like predator}, volume = {645}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I trawl coastlines to study the impacts of microplastics on marine life. NATURE, 644(8078), 1122. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biologist Lorenzo Cozzolino examines how these tiny particles are affecting the behaviour and physiology of molluscs, crustaceans and seaweeds. Biologist Lorenzo Cozzolino examines how these tiny particles are affecting the behaviour and physiology of molluscs, crustaceans and seaweeds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Glausiusz, Josie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02644-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1122}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I trawl coastlines to study the impacts of microplastics on marine life}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). My moonshot to preserve endangered species. NATURE, 644(8078), 1117-1119. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Coral cryobiologist Mary Hagedorn wants to bank biological samples at the frozen lunar south pole. Coral cryobiologist Mary Hagedorn wants to bank biological samples at the frozen lunar south pole.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Evans Ogden, Lesley}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02643-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1117-1119}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {My moonshot to preserve endangered species}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Retraction note: Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation. NATURE, 644(8078), 1116. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sliter, Danielle A. and Martinez, Jennifer and Hao, Ling and Chen, Xi and Sun, Nuo and Fischer, Tara D. and Burman, Jonathon L. and Li, Yan and Zhang, Zhe and Narendra, Derek P. and Cai, Huaibin and Borsche, Max and Klein, Christine and Youle, Richard J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09346-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1116}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Retraction note: Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cryo-EM structure of a natural RNA nanocage. NATURE, 644(8078), 1107-1115. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long (>200 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse aspects of life. Over 20 classes of lncRNAs have been identified in bacteria and bacteriophages through comparative genomics analyses, but their biological functions remain largely unexplored1–3. Owing to the large sizes, the structural determinants of most lncRNAs also remain uncharacterized. Here, we report the structures of two natural RNA nanocages formed by the ROOL (rumen-originating, ornate, large) lncRNA found in bacterial and phage genomes. The cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures at 2.9-Å resolution reveal that ROOL RNAs form an octameric nanocage with a diameter of 28 nm and an axial length of 20 nm, in which the hollow inside features poorly ordered regions. The octamer is stabilized by numerous tertiary and quaternary interactions, including triple-strand A-minors, for which we propose the term ‘A-minor staples’. The structure of an isolated ROOL monomer at 3.2-Å resolution indicates that nanocage assembly involves a strand-swapping mechanism resulting in quaternary kissing loops. Finally, we show that ROOL RNA fused to an RNA aptamer, transfer RNA or microRNA retains its structure, forming a nanocage with radially displayed cargoes. Our findings, therefore, may enable engineering of novel RNA nanocages as delivery vehicles for research and therapeutic applications. Three-dimensional structures of two natural RNA nanocages reveal unique quaternary structures without the contribution of proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ling, Xiaobin and Golovenko, Dmitrij and Gan, Jianhua and Ma, Jinbiao and Korostelev, Andrei A. and Fang, Wenwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09262-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1107-1115}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cryo-EM structure of a natural RNA nanocage}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Barcoded viral tracing identifies immunosuppressive astrocyte–glioma interactions. NATURE, 644(8078), 1097-1106. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain malignancy1. Immunosuppression in the GBM tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important barrier to immune-targeted therapies, but our understanding of the mechanisms of immune regulation in the GBM TME is limited2. Here we describe a viral barcode interaction-tracing approach3 to analyse TME cell–cell communication in GBM clinical samples and preclinical models at single-cell resolution. We combine it with single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analyses, human organotypic GBM cultures, in vivo cell-specific CRISPR–Cas9-driven genetic perturbations as well as human and mouse experimental systems to identify an annexin A1–formyl peptide receptor 1 (ANXA1–FPR1) bidirectional astrocyte–GBM communication pathway that limits tumour-specific immunity. FPR1 inhibits immunogenic necroptosis in tumour cells, and ANXA1 suppresses NF-κB and inflammasome activation in astrocytes. ANXA1 expression in astrocytes and FPR1 expression in cancer cells are associated with poor outcomes in individuals with GBM. The inactivation of astrocyte–glioma ANXA1–FPR1 signalling enhanced dendritic cell, T cell and macrophage responses, increasing infiltration by tumour-specific CD8+ T cells and limiting T cell exhaustion. In summary, we have developed a method to analyse TME cell–cell interactions at single-cell resolution in clinical samples and preclinical models, and used it to identify bidirectional astrocyte–GBM communication through ANXA1–FPR1 as a driver of immune evasion and tumour progression. Using viral barcode tracing to detect interactions between glioblastoma cells and non-malignant astrocytes in patient samples, investigators discovered a pathway that reduces tumour-specific immunity and identified potential therapeutic targets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Andersen, Brian M. and Faust Akl, Camilo and Wheeler, Michael A. and Li, Zhaorong and Diebold, Martin and Kilian, Michael and Rone, Joseph M. and Misra, Aditya and Kenison, Jessica E. and Lee, Joon-Hyuk and Lee, Hong-Gyun and Polonio, Carolina M. and Merrell, David and Weiss, Jakob H. and Godinez, Lillie and Piester, Gavin and Illouz, Tomer and Ye, Jessica J. and Ghia, Arianna and Martinez, Jazmin and Chung, Elizabeth N. and Srun, Lena and Farrenkopf, Daniel and Flausino, Lucas E. and Schüle, Anton M. and Sanmarco, Liliana M. and Giovannoni, Federico and Fehrenbacher, Luca and Charabati, Marc and Gutiérrez-Vázquez, Cristina and Cusick, Margaret M. and Prabhakar, Prem S. and Bossi, Connor C. and Lapinskas, Emily and Nowarski, Roni and Getz, Gad and Ligon, Keith L. and Prinz, Marco and Chiocca, E. Antonio and Reardon, David A. and Quintana, Francisco J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09191-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1097-1106}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Barcoded viral tracing identifies immunosuppressive astrocyte–glioma interactions}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NINJ1 regulates plasma membrane fragility under mechanical strain. NATURE, 644(8078), 1088-1096. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The integrity of the plasma membrane is vital for nearly all aspects of cell functioning1. Mechanical forces can cause plasma membrane damage2, but it is unclear whether there are large molecules that regulate the integrity of the plasma membrane under mechanical strain. Here we constructed a 384-well cellular-stretch system that delivers precise, reproducible strain to cultured cells. Using the system, we screened 10,843 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting 2,726 multipass transmembrane proteins for strain-induced membrane permeability changes. The screen identified NINJ1—a protein that was recently proposed to regulate pyroptosis and other lytic cell death3,4—as the top hit. We demonstrate that NINJ1 is a critical regulator of mechanical-strain-induced plasma membrane rupture (PMR), without the need for stimulating any cell death programs. NINJ1 levels on the plasma membrane are inversely correlated with the amount of force required to rupture the membrane. In the pyroptosis context, NINJ1 on its own is not sufficient to fully rupture the membrane, and additional mechanical force is required for full PMR. Our study establishes that NINJ1 functions as a bona fide determinant of membrane biomechanical properties. Our study also suggests that PMR across tissues of distinct mechanical microenvironments is subjected to fine-tuning by differences in NINJ1 expression and external forces. The NINJ1 protein regulates plasma membrane rupture by altering membrane biomechanical properties, independent of cell death programs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Yunfeng and Xiao, Fang and Wang, Yiling and Wang, Yufang and Li, Jialin and Zhong, Dongmei and Huang, Zhilei and Yu, Miao and Wang, Zhirong and Barbara, Joshua and Plunkett, Christopher and Zeng, Mengxue and Song, Yiyan and Tan, Tian and Zhang, Ruibin and Xu, Kezhen and Wang, Zhongxing and Cai, Changjie and Guan, Xiangdong and Hammack, Scott and Zhang, Liang and Shi, Zheng and Xiang, Fu-li and Shao, Feng and Xu, Jie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09222-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1088-1096}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NINJ1 regulates plasma membrane fragility under mechanical strain}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ongoing genome doubling shapes evolvability and immunity in ovarian cancer. NATURE, 644(8078), 1078-1087. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a common feature of human cancers and is linked to tumour progression, drug resistance, and metastasis1–6. Here we examine the impact of WGD on somatic evolution and immune evasion at single-cell resolution in patient tumours. Using single-cell whole-genome sequencing, we analysed 70 high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples from 41 patients (30,260 tumour genomes) and observed near-ubiquitous evidence that WGD is an ongoing mutational process. WGD was associated with increased cell–cell diversity and higher rates of chromosomal missegregation and consequent micronucleation. We developed a mutation-based WGD timing method called doubleTime to delineate specific modes by which WGD can drive tumour evolution, including early fixation followed by considerable diversification, multiple parallel WGD events on a pre-existing background of copy-number diversity, and evolutionarily late WGD in small clones and individual cells. Furthermore, using matched single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that inflammatory signalling and cGAS-STING pathway activation result from ongoing chromosomal instability, but this is restricted to predominantly diploid tumours (WGD-low). By contrast, predominantly WGD tumours (WGD-high), despite increased missegregation, exhibited cell-cycle dysregulation, STING1 repression, and immunosuppressive phenotypic states. Together, these findings establish WGD as an ongoing mutational process that promotes evolvability and dysregulated immunity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. A single-cell sequencing study using more than 30,000 tumour genomes from human ovarian cancers shows that whole-genome doubling is an ongoing mutational process that drives tumour evolution and disrupts immunity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McPherson, Andrew and Vázquez-García, Ignacio and Myers, Matthew A. and Al-Rawi, Duaa H. and Zatzman, Matthew and Weiner, Adam C. and Freeman, Samuel and Mohibullah, Neeman and Satas, Gryte and Williams, Marc J. and Ceglia, Nicholas and Norkūnaitė, Danguolė and Zhang, Allen W. and Li, Jun and Lim, Jamie L. P. and Wu, Michelle and Choi, Seongmin and Havasov, Eliyahu and Grewal, Diljot and Shi, Hongyu and Kim, Minsoo and Schwarz, Roland F. and Kaufmann, Tom and Dinh, Khanh Ngoc and Uhlitz, Florian and Tran, Julie and Wu, Yushi and Patel, Ruchi and Ramakrishnan, Satish and Kim, DooA and Clarke, Justin and Green, Hunter and Ali, Emily and DiBona, Melody and Varice, Nancy and Kundra, Ritika and Broach, Vance and Gardner, Ginger J. and Roche, Kara Long and Sonoda, Yukio and Zivanovic, Oliver and Kim, Sarah H. and Grisham, Rachel N. and Liu, Ying L. and Viale, Agnes and Rusk, Nicole and Lakhman, Yulia and Ellenson, Lora H. and Tavaré, Simon and Aparicio, Samuel and Chi, Dennis S. and Aghajanian, Carol and Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R. and Friedman, Claire F. and Zamarin, Dmitriy and Weigelt, Britta and Bakhoum, Samuel F. and Shah, Sohrab P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09240-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1078-1087}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ongoing genome doubling shapes evolvability and immunity in ovarian cancer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nutrients activate distinct patterns of small-intestinal enteric neurons. NATURE, 644(8078), 1069-1077. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability to detect and respond appropriately to ingested nutrients is essential for an organism’s survival and to ensure its metabolic demands are met. Nutrient signals from the gut lumen trigger local intestinal reflexes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) to facilitate digestion and absorption1–4, but the precise cellular pathways that are involved in the initial neuronal sensory process remain unclear. The extent to which the ENS is capable of discerning different luminal chemicals is also unknown. Here we use calcium imaging to identify specific enteric pathways that are activated in response to luminal nutrients applied to mouse jejunum. Notably, we show that different nutrients activate neurochemically defined ensembles of myenteric and submucosal neurons. Furthermore, we find that enteric neurons are not directly sensitive to nutrients but detect different luminal chemicals through the epithelium, mainly via a serotonin signalling pathway. Finally, our data reveal a spatial distribution of luminal information along the radial axis of the intestine, whereby some signals that originate from the villus epithelium are transmitted first to the myenteric plexus, and then back to the submucosal plexus, which is closer to the lumen. Calcium imaging of the mouse jejunum shows that specific nutrients in the intestinal lumen are detected by epithelial cells, which activate specific sets of enteric neurons through a serotonin-mediated signalling process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fung, Candice and Venneman, Tom and Holland, Amy M. and Martens, Tobie and Alata, Milvia I. and Hao, Marlene M. and Alar, Ceyhun and Obata, Yuuki and Tack, Jan and Sifrim, Alejandro and Pachnis, Vassilis and Boesmans, Werend and Vanden Berghe, Pieter}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09228-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1069-1077}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nutrients activate distinct patterns of small-intestinal enteric neurons}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbiota-driven antitumour immunity mediated by dendritic cell migration. NATURE, 644(8078), 1058-1068. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gut microbiota influence the antitumour efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade1–6, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that a new strain of the bacterial genus Hominenteromicrobium (designated YB328) isolated from the faeces of patients who responded to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade augmented antitumour responses in mice. YB328 activated tumour-specific CD8+ T cells through the stimulation of CD103+CD11b− conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), which, following exposure in the gut, migrated to the tumour microenvironment. Mice showed improved antitumour efficacy of PD-1 blockade when treated with faecal transplants from non-responder patients supplemented with YB238. This result suggests that YB328 could function in a dominant manner. YB328-activated CD103+CD11b− cDCs showed prolonged engagement with tumour-specific CD8+ T cells and promoted PD-1 expression in these cells. Moreover, YB238-augmented antitumour efficacy of PD-1 blockade treatment was observed in multiple mouse models of cancer. Patients with elevated YB328 abundance had increased infiltration of CD103+CD11b− cDCs in tumours and had a favourable response to PD-1 blockade therapy in various cancer types. We propose that gut microbiota enhance antitumour immunity by accelerating the maturation and migration of CD103+CD11b− cDCs to increase the number of CD8+ T cells that respond to diverse tumour antigens. A newly identified bacterial strain (YB328) isolated from the faeces of patients who responded to immune checkpoint blockade therapies can promote antitumour immunity through the activation of tumour-specific CD8+ T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Nina Yi-Tzu and Fukuoka, Shota and Koyama, Shohei and Motooka, Daisuke and Tourlousse, Dieter M. and Shigeno, Yuko and Matsumoto, Yuki and Yamano, Hiroyuki and Murotomi, Kazutoshi and Tamaki, Hideyuki and Irie, Takuma and Sugiyama, Eri and Kumagai, Shogo and Itahashi, Kota and Tanegashima, Tokiyoshi and Fujimaki, Kaori and Ito, Sachiko and Shindo, Mariko and Tsuji, Takahiro and Wake, Hiroaki and Watanabe, Keisuke and Maeda, Yuka and Enokida, Tomohiro and Tahara, Makoto and Yamashita, Riu and Fujisawa, Takao and Nomura, Motoo and Kawazoe, Akihito and Goto, Koichi and Doi, Toshihiko and Shitara, Kohei and Mano, Hiroyuki and Sekiguchi, Yuji and Nakamura, Shota and Benno, Yoshimi and Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09249-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1058-1068}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbiota-driven antitumour immunity mediated by dendritic cell migration}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prophages block cell surface receptors to preserve their viral progeny. NATURE, 644(8078), 1049-1057. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In microbial communities, viruses compete for host cells and have evolved diverse mechanisms to inhibit competitors. One strategy is superinfection exclusion, whereby an established viral infection prevents a secondary infection of the same cell1. This phenomenon has been shown to have an important role in the spread of eukaryotic viruses. Here we determine that superinfection exclusion proteins in bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, hereafter phages) perform a similar role, promoting viral spread through the bacterial community. We characterize a phage protein that alters the dynamics of a common phage receptor, the type IV pilus. This protein, known as Zip, does not abrogate pilus activity, but fine-tunes it, providing a strong phage defence without a fitness cost. Notably, Zip also prevents internalization and destruction of newly released phage progeny, a phenomenon that we call the anti-Kronos effect after the Greek god who consumed his offspring. Zip activity promotes the accumulation of free phages in bacterial lysogen communities, thereby enhancing viral spread. We further demonstrate that the anti-Kronos effect is conserved across diverse prophage-encoded superinfection exclusion systems. Our results identify the mechanistic basis of a superinfection exclusion system that safeguards phage progeny and provide insights into the conservation of viral defence mechanisms among bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Zip promotes the accumulation of free phages in bacterial lysogen communities, safeguarding phage progeny.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Taylor, Véronique L. and Patel, Pramalkumar H. and Shah, Megha and Yusuf, Ahmed and Burk, Cayla M. and Sztanko, Kristina M. and Gitai, Zemer and Davidson, Alan R. and Koch, Matthias D. and Maxwell, Karen L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09260-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1049-1057}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prophages block cell surface receptors to preserve their viral progeny}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A diverse and distinct microbiome inside living trees. NATURE, 644(8078), 1039-1048. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite significant advances in microbiome research across various environments1, the microbiome of Earth’s largest biomass reservoir—the wood of living trees2—remains largely unexplored. Here, we illuminate the microbiome inhabiting and adapted to wood and further specialized to individual host tree species, revealing that wood is a harbour of biodiversity and potential key players in tree health and forest ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that a single tree hosts approximately one trillion bacteria in its woody tissues, with microbial communities distinctly partitioned between heartwood and sapwood, each maintaining unique microbiomes with minimal similarity to other plant tissues or ecosystem components. The heartwood microbiome emerges as a particularly unique ecological niche, distinguished by specialized archaea and anaerobic bacteria driving consequential biogeochemical processes. Our findings support the concept of plants as ‘holobionts’3,4—integrated ecological units of host and associated microorganisms—with implications for tree health, disease and functionality. By characterizing the composition, structure and functions of tree internal microbiomes, our work opens up pathways for understanding tree physiology and forest ecology and establishes a new frontier in environmental microbiology. Microbiome analyses of living trees show that a single tree can host approximately one trillion bacteria, with microbial communities distinctly partitioned between heartwood and sapwood and with minimal similarity to other tissues or ecosystem components.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arnold, Wyatt and Gewirtzman, Jonathan and Raymond, Peter A. and Duguid, Marlyse C. and Brodersen, Craig R. and Brown, Cade and Norbraten, Naomi and Wood, Qespi T’ika Vizcarra and Bradford, Mark A. and Peccia, Jordan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09316-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1039-1048}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A diverse and distinct microbiome inside living trees}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Functional regimes define soil microbiome response to environmental change. NATURE, 644(8078), 1028-1038. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The metabolic activity of soil microbiomes has a central role in global nutrient cycles1. Understanding how soil metabolic activity responds to climate-driven environmental perturbations is a key challenge2,3. However, the ecological, spatial and chemical complexity of soils4–6 impedes understanding how these communities respond to perturbations. Here we address this complexity by combining dynamic measurements of respiratory nitrate metabolism7 with modelling to reveal functional regimes that define soil responses to environmental change. Measurements across more than 1,500 soil microcosms subjected to pH perturbations8,9 reveal regimes in which distinct mechanisms govern metabolite dynamics. A minimal model with two parameters, biomass activity and growth-limiting nutrient availability, predicts nitrate utilization dynamics across soils and pH perturbations. Parameter shifts under perturbation reveal three functional regimes, each linked to distinct mechanisms: (1) an acidic regime marked by cell death and suppressed metabolism; (2) a nutrient-limited regime in which dominant taxa exploit matrix-released nutrients; and (3) a resurgent growth regime driven by exponential growth of rare taxa in nutrient-rich conditions. We validated these model-derived mechanisms with nutrient measurements, amendment experiments, sequencing and isolate studies. Additional experiments and meta-analyses suggest that functional regimes are widespread in pH-perturbed soils. Experimental perturbation of soil pH leads to a generalizable model of the soil microcosm comprising three functional regimes with distinct mechanisms linking environmental change to metabolite dynamics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Kiseok Keith and Liu, Siqi and Crocker, Kyle and Wang, Jocelyn and Huggins, David R. and Tikhonov, Mikhail and Mani, Madhav and Kuehn, Seppe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09264-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1028-1038}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Functional regimes define soil microbiome response to environmental change}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How short peptides disassemble tau fibrils in alzheimer’s disease. NATURE, 644(8078), 1020-1027. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Reducing fibrous aggregates of the protein tau is a possible strategy for halting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)1. Previously, we found that in vitro, the d-enantiomeric peptide (D-peptide) D-TLKIVWC disassembles ultra-stable tau fibrils extracted from the autopsied brains of individuals with AD (hereafter, these tau fibrils are referred to as AD-tau) into benign segments, with no energy source other than ambient thermal agitation2. To consider D-peptide-mediated disassembly as a potential route to therapeutics for AD, it is essential to understand the mechanism and energy source of the disassembly action. Here, we show that the assembly of D-peptides into amyloid-like (‘mock-amyloid’) fibrils is essential for AD-tau disassembly. These mock-amyloid fibrils have a right-handed twist but are constrained to adopt a left-handed twist when templated in complex with AD-tau. The release of strain that accompanies the conversion of left-twisted to right-twisted, relaxed mock-amyloid produces a torque that is sufficient to break the local hydrogen bonding between tau molecules, and leads to the fragmentation of AD-tau. This strain-relief mechanism seems to operate in other examples of amyloid fibril disassembly, and could inform the development of first-in-class therapeutics for amyloid diseases. Cryo-electron and atomic force microscopy shed light on how fibrils of the protein tau, which accumulate in the brain of people with Alzheimer’s disease, can be disassembled by short peptides, providing a possible route towards developing treatments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hou, Ke and Ge, Peng and Sawaya, Michael R. and Lutter, Liisa and Dolinsky, Joshua L. and Yang, Yuan and Jiang, Yi Xiao and Boyer, David R. and Cheng, Xinyi and Pi, Justin and Zhang, Jeffrey and Lu, Jiahui and Abskharon, Romany and Yang, Shixin and Yu, Zhiheng and Feigon, Juli and Eisenberg, David S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09244-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1020-1027}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How short peptides disassemble tau fibrils in alzheimer’s disease}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Morphodynamics of human early brain organoid development. NATURE, 644(8078), 1010-1019. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Brain organoids enable the mechanistic study of human brain development and provide opportunities to explore self-organization in unconstrained developmental systems1–3. Here we establish long-term, live light-sheet microscopy on unguided brain organoids generated from fluorescently labelled human induced pluripotent stem cells, which enables tracking of tissue morphology, cell behaviours and subcellular features over weeks of organoid development4. We provide a novel dual-channel, multi-mosaic and multi-protein labelling strategy combined with a computational demultiplexing approach to enable simultaneous quantification of distinct subcellular features during organoid development. We track actin, tubulin, plasma membrane, nucleus and nuclear envelope dynamics, and quantify cell morphometric and alignment changes during tissue-state transitions including neuroepithelial induction, maturation, lumenization and brain regionalization. On the basis of imaging and single-cell transcriptome modalities, we find that lumenal expansion and cell morphotype composition within the developing neuroepithelium are associated with modulation of gene expression programs involving extracellular matrix pathway regulators and mechanosensing. We show that an extrinsically provided matrix enhances lumen expansion as well as telencephalon formation, and unguided organoids grown in the absence of an extrinsic matrix have altered morphologies with increased neural crest and caudalized tissue identity. Matrix-induced regional guidance and lumen morphogenesis are linked to the WNT and Hippo (YAP1) signalling pathways, including spatially restricted induction of the WNT ligand secretion mediator (WLS) that marks the earliest emergence of non-telencephalic brain regions. Together, our work provides an inroad into studying human brain morphodynamics and supports a view that matrix-linked mechanosensing dynamics have a central role during brain regionalization. Human brain morphodynamics are explored using organoids.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jain, Akanksha and Gut, Gilles and Sanchis-Calleja, Fátima and Tschannen, Reto and He, Zhisong and Luginbühl, Nicolas and Zenk, Fides and Chrisnandy, Antonius and Streib, Simon and Harmel, Christoph and Okamoto, Ryoko and Santel, Malgorzata and Seimiya, Makiko and Holtackers, René and Rohland, Juliane K. and Jansen, Sophie Martina Johanna and Lutolf, Matthias P. and Camp, J. Gray and Treutlein, Barbara}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09151-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1010-1019}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Morphodynamics of human early brain organoid development}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition. NATURE, 644(8078), 1002-1009. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Establishing a unified theory of cognition has been an important goal in psychology1,2. A first step towards such a theory is to create a computational model that can predict human behaviour in a wide range of settings. Here we introduce Centaur, a computational model that can predict and simulate human behaviour in any experiment expressible in natural language. We derived Centaur by fine-tuning a state-of-the-art language model on a large-scale dataset called Psych-101. Psych-101 has an unprecedented scale, covering trial-by-trial data from more than 60,000 participants performing in excess of 10,000,000 choices in 160 experiments. Centaur not only captures the behaviour of held-out participants better than existing cognitive models, but it also generalizes to previously unseen cover stories, structural task modifications and entirely new domains. Furthermore, the model’s internal representations become more aligned with human neural activity after fine-tuning. Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is possible to discover computational models that capture human behaviour across a wide range of domains. We believe that such models provide tremendous potential for guiding the development of cognitive theories, and we present a case study to demonstrate this. A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Binz, Marcel and Akata, Elif and Bethge, Matthias and Brändle, Franziska and Callaway, Fred and Coda-Forno, Julian and Dayan, Peter and Demircan, Can and Eckstein, Maria K. and Éltető, Noémi and Griffiths, Thomas L. and Haridi, Susanne and Jagadish, Akshay K. and Ji-An, Li and Kipnis, Alexander and Kumar, Sreejan and Ludwig, Tobias and Mathony, Marvin and Mattar, Marcelo and Modirshanechi, Alireza and Nath, Surabhi S. and Peterson, Joshua C. and Rmus, Milena and Russek, Evan M. and Saanum, Tankred and Schubert, Johannes A. and Schulze Buschoff, Luca M. and Singhi, Nishad and Sui, Xin and Thalmann, Mirko and Theis, Fabian J. and Truong, Vuong and Udandarao, Vishaal and Voudouris, Konstantinos and Wilson, Robert and Witte, Kristin and Wu, Shuchen and Wulff, Dirk U. and Xiong, Huadong and Schulz, Eric}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09215-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {1002-1009}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Discovering cognitive strategies with tiny recurrent neural networks. NATURE, 644(8078), 993-1001. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding how animals and humans learn from experience to make adaptive decisions is a fundamental goal of neuroscience and psychology. Normative modelling frameworks such as Bayesian inference1 and reinforcement learning2 provide valuable insights into the principles governing adaptive behaviour. However, the simplicity of these frameworks often limits their ability to capture realistic biological behaviour, leading to cycles of handcrafted adjustments that are prone to researcher subjectivity. Here we present a novel modelling approach that leverages recurrent neural networks to discover the cognitive algorithms governing biological decision-making. We show that neural networks with just one to four units often outperform classical cognitive models and match larger neural networks in predicting the choices of individual animals and humans, across six well-studied reward-learning tasks. Critically, we can interpret the trained networks using dynamical systems concepts, enabling a unified comparison of cognitive models and revealing detailed mechanisms underlying choice behaviour. Our approach also estimates the dimensionality of behaviour3 and offers insights into algorithms learned by meta-reinforcement learning artificial intelligence agents. Overall, we present a systematic approach for discovering interpretable cognitive strategies in decision-making, offering insights into neural mechanisms and a foundation for studying healthy and dysfunctional cognition. Modelling biological decision-making with tiny recurrent neural networks enables more accurate predictions of animal choices than classical cognitive models and offers insights into the underlying cognitive strategies and neural mechanisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ji-An, Li and Benna, Marcus K. and Mattar, Marcelo G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09142-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {993-1001}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Discovering cognitive strategies with tiny recurrent neural networks}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cryptic variation fuels plant phenotypic change through hierarchical epistasis. NATURE, 644(8078), 984-992. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cryptic genetic variants exert minimal phenotypic effects alone but are hypothesized to form a vast reservoir of genetic diversity driving trait evolvability through epistatic interactions1–3. This classical theory has been reinvigorated by pan-genomics, which is revealing pervasive variation within gene families, cis-regulatory regions and regulatory networks4–6. Testing the ability of cryptic variation to fuel phenotypic diversification has been hindered by intractable genetics, limited allelic diversity and inadequate phenotypic resolution. Here, guided by natural and engineered cis-regulatory cryptic variants in a paralogous gene pair, we identified additional redundant trans regulators, establishing a regulatory network controlling tomato inflorescence architecture. By combining coding mutations with cis-regulatory alleles in populations segregating for all four network genes, we generated 216 genotypes spanning a wide spectrum of inflorescence complexity and quantified branching in over 35,000 inflorescences. Analysis of this high-resolution genotype–phenotype map using a hierarchical model of epistasis revealed a layer of dose-dependent interactions within paralogue pairs enhancing branching, culminating in strong, synergistic effects. However, we also identified a layer of antagonism between paralogue pairs, whereby accumulating mutations in one pair progressively diminished the effects of mutations in the other. Our results demonstrate how gene regulatory network architecture and complex dosage effects from paralogue diversification converge to shape phenotypic space, producing the potential for both strongly buffered phenotypes and sudden bursts of phenotypic change. Gene regulatory network architecture and complex dosage effects from paralogue diversification converge to shape phenotypic space, producing the potential for both strongly buffered phenotypes and sudden bursts of phenotypic change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zebell, Sophia G. and Martí-Gómez, Carlos and Fitzgerald, Blaine and Cunha, Camila P. and Lach, Michael and Seman, Brooke M. and Hendelman, Anat and Sretenovic, Simon and Qi, Yiping and Bartlett, Madelaine and Eshed, Yuval and McCandlish, David M. and Lippman, Zachary B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09243-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {984-992}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cryptic variation fuels plant phenotypic change through hierarchical epistasis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Adaptations for stealth in the wing-like flippers of a large ichthyosaur. NATURE, 644(8078), 976-983. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With their superficially shark-like appearance, the Mesozoic ichthyosaurs provide a classic illustration of major morphological adaptations in an ancestrally terrestrial tetrapod lineage following the invasion of marine habitats1–3. Much of what is known about ichthyosaur soft tissues derives from specimens with body outlines4–6. However, despite offering insights into aspects of biology that are otherwise difficult to envisage from skeletal evidence alone (such as the presence of a crescentic fluke), information on their soft parts has hitherto been limited to a taxonomically narrow sample of small- to dolphin-sized animals2,4–6. Here we report the discovery of a metre-long front flipper of the large-bodied Jurassic ichthyosaur Temnodontosaurus, including unique details of its soft-tissue anatomy. In addition to revealing a wing-like planform, the fossil preserves a serrated trailing edge that is reinforced by novel cartilaginous integumental elements, herein denominated chondroderms. We also document chordwise-parallel skin ornamentations and a protracted fleshy distal tip that presumably acted like a flexible winglet in life. By integrating morphological and numerical data, we show that the observed features probably provided hydroacoustic benefits, and conclude that the visually guided7,8 Temnodontosaurus relied on stealth while hunting in dim-lit pelagic environments. This unexpected combination of control surface modifications represents a previously unrecognized mode of concealment, and underscores the importance of soft-tissue fossils when inferring aspects of palaeoethology and predator–prey palaeoecology. Analysis of a fossilized front flipper of the Jurassic ichthyosaur Temnodontosaurus that preserves details of soft tissue indicates the presence of a serrated trailing edge that would have reduced noise generated while swimming, enabling stealth hunting and hiding from predators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lindgren, Johan and Lomax, Dean R. and Szász, Robert-Zoltán and Marx, Miguel and Revstedt, Johan and Göltz, Georg and Sachs, Sven and De La Garza, Randolph G. and Heingård, Miriam and Jarenmark, Martin and Ydström, Kristina and Sjövall, Peter and Osbæck, Frank and Hall, Stephen A. and Op de Beeck, Michiel and Eriksson, Mats E. and Alwmark, Carl and Marone, Federica and Liptak, Alexander and Atwood, Robert and Burca, Genoveva and Uvdal, Per and Persson, Per and Nilsson, Dan-Eric}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09271-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {976-983}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Adaptations for stealth in the wing-like flippers of a large ichthyosaur}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Immigrant–native pay gap driven by lack of access to high-paying jobs. NATURE, 644(8078), 969-975. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immigrants to high-income countries often face considerable and persistent difficulties in the labour market1–6, whereas their native-born children typically experience economic progress6–9. However, little is known about the extent to which these immigrant–native earnings differences stem from unequal pay when doing the same work for the same employer versus labour market processes that sort immigrants into lower-paid jobs. Here, using data from nine European and North American countries, we show that the segregation of workers with immigrant backgrounds into lower-paying jobs accounts for about three-quarters of overall immigrant–native earnings differences. Although within-job pay inequality remains notable for immigrants in several countries, our results demonstrate that unequal access to higher-paying jobs is the primary driver of the immigrant–native pay gap across a range of institutionally and demographically diverse contexts. These findings highlight the importance of policies aimed at reducing between-job segregation, such as language training10–13, job training13–15, job search assistance programmes13,15, improving access to domestic education13,16,17, recognizing foreign qualifications18,19, and settlement programmes aimed at enhancing access to job-relevant information and networks13,20,21. Policies that target employer bias in hiring and promotion decisions are also likely to be effective, whereas measures aimed at ensuring equal pay for equal work may have more limited scope for further progress in closing the immigrant–native pay gap22–28. Data from nine European and North American countries reveal that the disparity in earnings between immigrants and natives is largely a result of segregation of immigrant workers into lower-paying jobs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hermansen, Are Skeie and Penner, Andrew and Boza, István and Elvira, Marta M. and Godechot, Olivier and Hällsten, Martin and Henriksen, Lasse Folke and Hou, Feng and Lippényi, Zoltán and Petersen, Trond and Reichelt, Malte and Sabanci, Halil and Safi, Mirna and Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald and Vickstrom, Erik}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09259-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {969-975}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Immigrant–native pay gap driven by lack of access to high-paying jobs}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Temperature-related hospitalization burden under climate change. NATURE, 644(8078), 960-968. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change has markedly increased adverse effects on human health and economic growth1–3. However, few studies have differentiated the impacts of extreme temperatures at the city level and analysed the future implications for human health under various climate change scenarios4–6. Here we leverage data on historical relationships among six kinds of climate-sensitive diseases (CSDs) and associated hospitalizations and temperatures across 301 cities (more than 90% of all cities) and more than 7,000 hospitals in China, and use a nonlinear distributed lag model. This study projects hospitalization risks associated with extreme temperatures through to the year 2100 and develops the hospitalization burden economic index to assess the burden under three carbon emission scenarios across cities. Five dimensions, including spatial distribution, disease categories, population age groups, future time horizons and carbon emission development pathways, have been evaluated. Historical data indicate a higher incidence of temperature-related risks among the CSDs in northwestern and southwestern China. Notably, gestation-related disease risks are associated with increased vulnerability to extreme heat in specific regions. The projections show that under current thermal conditions without adaptations, the excess hospitalizations from extreme heat will reach 0.6, 3.8 and 5.1 million by 2100 under the low-, middle- and high-emission scenarios, respectively. These findings highlight the need for targeted mitigation strategies to reduce uneven climate-related hospitalization risks and economic burdens while accounting for differences in city geography, extreme temperatures, population groups and carbon emission development pathways. Temperature-related risks among the climate-sensitive diseases in northwestern and southwestern China have been historically high, with associated hospitalization burdens projected to rise consistently.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liao, Shujie and Pan, Wei and Wen, Li and Chen, Rongkai and Pan, Dongyang and Wang, Renjie and Hu, Cheng and Duan, Hongbo and Weng, Hong and Tian, Chenxiao and Kong, Wenxuan and Ruan, Jinghan and Zhang, Yichuan and Ming, Xi and Zhang, Xianbin and Wang, Xinghuan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09352-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {960-968}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Temperature-related hospitalization burden under climate change}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mapping urban gullies in the democratic republic of the congo. NATURE, 644(8078), 952-959. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Large urban gullies cause damage in many tropical cities across the Global South1,2. They can result from inappropriate urban planning and insufficient infrastructure to safely store and evacuate rainfall in environments that are already highly sensitive to soil erosion1,3,4. Although they can cause large destruction and societal impacts such as population displacement1,2,5, the magnitude of this geo-hydrological hazard remains poorly documented and understood6,7. Here we provide an assessment of the extent and impact of urban gullies at the scale of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Through mapping, we identify 2,922 urban gullies across 26 cities. By combining their formation and growth rates with population density data8, we estimate that around 118,600 people (uncertainty range: ± 44,400 people) have been displaced by urban gullies over the period 2004–2023. We find that average displacement rates increased from about 4,650 persons yr−1 (pre-2020) to about 12,200 persons yr−1 (post-2020). Between 2010 and 2023, the number of people living in the potential expansion zone of urban gullies doubled from 1.6 (±0.6) to 3.2 (±1.3) million, with more likely to be exposed due to urban sprawl9,10 and climate change11. We suggest that there is a need for tools and strategies to prevent and mitigate this hazard. An assessment at the scale of the Democratic Republic of the Congo shows that urban gullies are a growing problem, with 118,600 people displaced between 2004 and 2023.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mawe, Guy Ilombe and Landu, Eric Lutete and Dujardin, Elise and Imwangana, Fils Makanzu and Bielders, Charles and Hubert, Aurélia and Michellier, Caroline and Nzolang, Charles and Poesen, Jean and Dewitte, Olivier and Vanmaercke, Matthias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09371-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {952-959}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mapping urban gullies in the democratic republic of the congo}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The geologic history of marine dissolved organic carbon from iron oxides. NATURE, 644(8078), 945-951. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest reduced carbon reservoir in modern oceans1,2. Its dynamics regulate marine communities and atmospheric CO2 levels3,4, whereas 13C compositions track ecosystem structure and autotrophic metabolism5. However, the geologic history of marine DOC remains largely unconstrained6,7, limiting our ability to mechanistically reconstruct coupled ecological and biogeochemical evolution. Here we develop and validate a direct proxy for past DOC signatures using co-precipitated organic carbon in iron ooids. We apply this to 26 marine iron ooid-containing formations deposited over the past 1,650 million years to generate a data-based reconstruction of marine DOC signals since the Palaeoproterozoic. Our predicted DOC concentrations were near modern levels in the Palaeoproterozoic, then decreased by 90−99% in the Neoproterozoic before sharply rising in the Cambrian. We interpret these dynamics to reflect three distinct states. The occurrence of mostly small, single-celled organisms combined with severely hypoxic deep oceans, followed by larger, more complex organisms and little change in ocean oxygenation and finally continued organism growth and a transition to fully oxygenated oceans8,9. Furthermore, modern DOC is 13C-enriched relative to the Proterozoic, possibly because of changing autotrophic carbon-isotope fractionation driven by biological innovation. Our findings reflect connections between the carbon cycle, ocean oxygenation and the evolution of complex life. A direct proxy for past dissolved organic carbon signatures using co-precipitated organic carbon in iron ooids enables reconstruction of marine dissolved organic carbon signals dating back to the Palaeoproterozoic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Galili, Nir and Bernasconi, Stefano M. and Nissan, Alon and Alcolombri, Uria and Aquila, Giorgia and Di Bella, Marcella and Blattmann, Thomas M. and Haghipour, Negar and Italiano, Francesco and Jaggi, Madalina and Kaplan-Ashiri, Ifat and Lee, Kang Soo and Lechte, Maxwell A. and Magnabosco, Cara and Porter, Susannah M. and Rudmin, Maxim and Spencer, Robert G. M. and Stocker, Roman and Wang, Zhe and Wohlwend, Stephan and Hemingway, Jordon D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09383-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {945-951}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The geologic history of marine dissolved organic carbon from iron oxides}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thioester-mediated RNA aminoacylation and peptidyl-RNA synthesis in water. NATURE, 644(8078), 933-944. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To orchestrate ribosomal peptide synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) must be aminoacylated, with activated amino acids, at their 2′,3′-diol moiety1,2, and so the selective aminoacylation of RNA in water is a key challenge that must be resolved to explain the origin of protein biosynthesis. So far, there have been no chemical methods to effectively and selectively aminoacylate RNA-2′,3′-diols with the breadth of proteinogenic amino acids in water3–5. Here we demonstrate that (biological) aminoacyl-thiols (1) react selectively with RNA diols over amine nucleophiles, promoting aminoacylation over adventitious (non-coded) peptide bond formation. Broad side-chain scope is demonstrated, including Ala, Arg, Asp, Glu, Gln, Gly, His, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser and Val, and Arg aminoacylation is enhanced by unprecedented side-chain nucleophilic catalysis. Duplex formation directs chemoselective 2′,3′-aminoacylation of RNA. We demonstrate that prebiotic nitriles, N-carboxyanhydrides and amino acid anhydrides, as well as biological aminoacyl-adenylates, all react with thiols (including coenzymes A and M) to selectively yield aminoacyl-thiols (1) in water. Finally, we demonstrate that the switch from thioester to thioacid activation inverts diol/amine selectivity, promoting peptide synthesis in excellent yield. Two-step, one-pot, chemically controlled formation of peptidyl-RNA is observed in water at neutral pH. Our results indicate an important role for thiol cofactors in RNA aminoacylation before the evolution of proteinaceous synthetase enzymes. Aminoacyl-thiols reacting selectively with RNA diols over amine nucleophiles and demonstration of chemically controlled formation of peptidyl-RNA in water at neutral pH suggest an important role for thiol cofactors before the evolution of enzymes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh, Jyoti and Thoma, Benjamin and Whitaker, Daniel and Satterly Webley, Max and Yao, Yuan and Powner, Matthew W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09388-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {933-944}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thioester-mediated RNA aminoacylation and peptidyl-RNA synthesis in water}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atomic dynamics of gas-dependent oxide reducibility. NATURE, 644(8078), 927-932. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding oxide reduction is critical for advancing metal production1,2, catalysis3,4 and energy technologies5. Although carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) are widely used reductants, the mechanisms by which they work are often presumed to be similar, both involving lattice oxygen removal6–9. However, because of growing interest in replacing CO with H2 to lower CO2 emissions, distinguishing gas-specific reduction pathways is critical. Yet, capturing these atomic-scale processes under reactive gas and high-temperature conditions remains challenging. Here we use environmental transmission electron microscopy, which is capable of real-time, atomic-resolution imaging of gas–solid redox reactions10–16, to directly visualize the gas-dependent oxide reduction dynamics in NiO. We show that CO drives surface nucleation and the growth of metallic Ni islands, leading to self-limiting surface metallization. Conversely, H2 activates a coupled surface-to-bulk transformation, where protons from dissociated H2 infiltrate the oxide lattice to promote the inward migration of surface-generated oxygen vacancies and enabling bulk metallization. By contrast, oxygen vacancies formed by CO remain confined near the surface, where they rapidly form a metallic Ni layer that inhibits further reduction. These results reveal distinct atomistic pathways for CO and H2 and provide insights that may guide metallurgical processes and catalyst design. Environmental transmission electron microscopy reveals distinct atomistic pathways for the reduction of NiO to metallic nickel by CO and H2, with H2 more effective in transforming the entire bulk material.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Xiaobo and Wang, Jianyu and Patel, Shyam Bharatkumar and Ye, Shuonan and Wu, Yupeng and Zhou, Zhikang and Qiao, Linna and Wang, Yuxi and Marinkovic, Nebojsa and Li, Meng and Hwang, Sooyeon and Zakharov, Dmitri N. and Ma, Lu and Wu, Qin and Boscoboinik, Jorge Anibal and Yang, Judith C. and Zhou, Guangwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09394-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {927-932}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atomic dynamics of gas-dependent oxide reducibility}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). N-type thermoelectric elastomers. NATURE, 644(8078), 920-926. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intrinsically elastic thermoelectric generators with superior conformal coverage and shape adaptability are highly desirable for developing self-powered wearable electronics, soft bioelectronics and personal temperature regulators1,2. Until now, all reported high-performance thermoelectric materials have realized only flexibility, rather than elasticity3,4. Here we present one of the first n-type thermoelectric elastomers by integrating uniform bulk nanophase separation, thermally activated crosslinking and targeted doping into a single material. The thermoelectric elastomers could exhibit exceptional rubber-like recovery of up to 150% strains and high figure of merit values rivalling flexible inorganic materials even under mechanical deformations. Conventional wisdom suggests that incorporating insulating polymers should dilute the active component in organic thermoelectrics, resulting in lower performance. However, we demonstrate that carefully selected elastomers and dopants can promote the formation of uniformly distributed, elastomer-wrapped and heavily n-doped semiconducting polymer nanofibrils, leading to improved electrical conductivity and decreased thermal conductivity. These thermoelectric elastomers have the potential to make elastic thermoelectric generators in wearable applications much more conformable and efficient. A microphase crosslinking strategy, leveraging aziridine-based crosslinkers, is used to render organic thermoelectric materials stretchable and elastic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Kai and Wang, Jingyi and Pan, Xiran and Tian, Shuang-Yan and Liu, Yudong and Zhang, Zhi and Di, Yuqiu and Chen, Jupeng and Wu, Chengwen and Deng, Xin-Yu and Wang, Dongyang and Li, Peiyun and Pan, Chen-Kai and Qi, Fenglian and Liu, Jinhui and Hua, Jing and Pei, Jian and Di, Chong-an and Guo, Yunlong and Liu, Yunqi and Lei, Ting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09387-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {920-926}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {N-type thermoelectric elastomers}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Efficient perovskite/silicon tandem with asymmetric self-assembly molecule. NATURE, 644(8078), 912-919. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Achieving highly ordered and uniformly covered self-assembled monolayers with optimal packing configuration on textured silicon substrates remains a critical challenge for further improving the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells1–3. Here we design an asymmetric self-assembled monolayer (named as HTL201) featuring an anchoring group and a spacer flanking a carbazole core, serving as a hole-selective layer for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. When compared with symmetric self-assembled monolayers with a nitrogen-bonded phosphonic acid group, the HTL201 molecule shows minimized steric hindrance and improved coverage on the transparent conductive oxide recombination layer. The strong coordination interaction between HTL201 and the perovskite film effectively reduces non-radiative recombination at the buried interface. Notably, the optimized energy-level alignment between the perovskite and HTL201, accompanied by an increase in the quasi-Fermi-level splitting value of the perovskite layer, enables an impressive voltage of nearly 2 V for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, resulting in a certified power conversion efficiency of up to 34.58% based on a silicon heterojunction solar cell. An asymmetric self-assembled monolayer improves the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells compared with symmetric self-assembled monolayers, resulting in a certified power conversion efficiency of up to 34.58%.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Lingbo and Xia, Simeng and Li, Jian and Qin, Yuan and Pei, Bingbing and Ding, Lei and Yin, Jun and Du, Tao and Fang, Zheng and Yin, Yue and Liu, Jiang and Yang, Ying and Zhang, Fu and Wu, Xiaoyong and Li, Qiaoyan and Zhao, Shuangshuang and Zhang, Hua and Li, Qibo and Jia, Qi and Liu, Chi and Gu, Xiaobing and Liu, Bo and Dong, Xin and Liu, Jie and Liu, Tong and Gao, Yajun and Yang, Miao and Yin, Shi and Ru, Xiaoning and Chen, Hao and Yang, Bo and Zheng, Zilong and Zhou, Wencai and Dou, Maofeng and Wang, Simin and Gao, Shan and Chen, Lan and Qu, Minghao and Lu, Junxiong and Fang, Liang and Wang, Yichun and Deng, Hao and Yu, Jia and Zhang, Xiaohong and Li, Minghui and Lang, Xiting and Xiao, Chuanxiao and Hu, Qin and Xue, Chaowei and Ning, Linyu and He, Yongcai and Li, Zhenguo and Xu, Xixiang and He, Bo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09333-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {912-919}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Efficient perovskite/silicon tandem with asymmetric self-assembly molecule}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Optical generative models. NATURE, 644(8078), 903-911. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Generative models cover various application areas, including image and video synthesis, natural language processing and molecular design, among many others1–11. As digital generative models become larger, scalable inference in a fast and energy-efficient manner becomes a challenge12–14. Here we present optical generative models inspired by diffusion models4, where a shallow and fast digital encoder first maps random noise into phase patterns that serve as optical generative seeds for a desired data distribution; a jointly trained free-space-based reconfigurable decoder all-optically processes these generative seeds to create images never seen before following the target data distribution. Except for the illumination power and the random seed generation through a shallow encoder, these optical generative models do not consume computing power during the synthesis of the images. We report the optical generation of monochrome and multicolour images of handwritten digits, fashion products, butterflies, human faces and artworks, following the data distributions of MNIST15, Fashion-MNIST16, Butterflies-10017, Celeb-A datasets18, and Van Gogh’s paintings and drawings19, respectively, achieving an overall performance comparable to digital neural-network-based generative models. To experimentally demonstrate optical generative models, we used visible light to generate images of handwritten digits and fashion products. In addition, we generated Van Gogh-style artworks using both monochrome and multiwavelength illumination. These optical generative models might pave the way for energy-efficient and scalable inference tasks, further exploiting the potentials of optics and photonics for artificial-intelligence-generated content. Optical generative models are demonstrated for the rapid and power-efficient creation of never-seen-before images of handwritten digits, fashion products, butterflies, human faces and Van Gogh-style artworks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Shiqi and Li, Yuhang and Wang, Yuntian and Chen, Hanlong and Ozcan, Aydogan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09446-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {903-911}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Optical generative models}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Optical control of resonances in temporally symmetry-broken metasurfaces. NATURE, 644(8078), 896-902. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tunability in active metasurfaces has mainly relied on shifting the resonance wavelength1,2 or increasing material losses3,4 to spectrally detune or quench resonant modes, respectively. However, both methods face fundamental limitations, such as a limited Q factor and near-field enhancement control and the inability to achieve resonance on–off switching by completely coupling and decoupling the mode from the far field. Here we demonstrate temporal symmetry breaking in metasurfaces through ultrafast optical pumping, providing an experimental realization of radiative-loss-driven resonance tuning, allowing resonance creation, annihilation, broadening and sharpening. To enable this temporal control, we introduce restored symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum. Even though their unit cells are geometrically asymmetric, coupling to the radiation continuum remains fully suppressed, which, in this work, is achieved by two equally strong antisymmetric dipoles. By using selective Mie-resonant pumping in parts of these unit cells, we can modify their dipole balance to create or annihilate resonances as well as tune the linewidth, amplitude and near-field enhancement, leading to potential applications in optical and quantum communications, time crystals and photonic circuits. The ultrafast optical control of resonances in temporally symmetry-broken metasurfaces allows resonances to be created, annihilated or programmably manipulated, which is useful for applications that require active real-time tunability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aigner, Andreas and Possmayer, Thomas and Weber, Thomas and Antonov, Alexander A. and de S. Menezes, Leonardo and Maier, Stefan A. and Tittl, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09363-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {896-902}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Optical control of resonances in temporally symmetry-broken metasurfaces}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Realization of a doped quantum antiferromagnet in a rydberg tweezer array. NATURE, 644(8078), 889-895. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Doping an antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulator is central to our understanding of a variety of phenomena in strongly correlated electrons, including high-temperature superconductors1,2. To describe the competition between tunnelling t of hole dopants and AFM spin interactions J, theoretical and numerical studies often focus on the paradigmatic t–J model3 and the direct analogue quantum simulation of this model in the relevant regime of high-particle density has long been sought4,5. Here we realize a doped quantum antiferromagnet with next-nearest-neighbour (NNN) tunnellings t′ (refs. 6–10) and hard-core bosonic holes11 using a Rydberg tweezer platform. We use coherent dynamics between three Rydberg levels, encoding spins and holes12, to implement a tunable bosonic t–J–V model allowing us to study previously inaccessible parameter regimes. We observe dynamical phase separation between hole and spin domains for |t/J| ≪ 1 and demonstrate the formation of repulsively bound hole pairs in a variety of spin backgrounds. The interference between NNN tunnellings t′ and perturbative pair tunnelling gives rise to light and heavy pairs depending on the sign of t. Using the single-site control allows us to study the dynamics of a single hole in 2D square lattice (anti)ferromagnets. The model we implement extends the toolbox of Rydberg tweezer experiments beyond spin-1/2 models13 to a larger class of t–J and spin-1 models14,15. A doped quantum antiferromagnet is obtained by using a Rydberg tweezer array comprising three levels encoding spins and holes to implement a tunable model that allows the study of previously inaccessible parameter regimes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiao, Mu and Emperauger, Gabriel and Chen, Cheng and Homeier, Lukas and Hollerith, Simon and Bornet, Guillaume and Martin, Romain and Gély, Bastien and Klein, Lukas and Barredo, Daniel and Geier, Sebastian and Chiu, Neng-Chun and Grusdt, Fabian and Bohrdt, Annabelle and Lahaye, Thierry and Browaeys, Antoine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09377-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {889-895}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Realization of a doped quantum antiferromagnet in a rydberg tweezer array}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Machine-learning model generates images using light. NATURE, 644(8078), 886-887. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An optical system that induces random fluctuations in a laser beam could be faster and more efficient at generating images than conventional computers are. An optical system that induces random fluctuations in a laser beam could be faster and more efficient at generating images than conventional computers are.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brunner, Daniel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02523-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {886-887}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Machine-learning model generates images using light}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A baby benefits from personalized gene editing in the clinic. NATURE, 644(8078), 884-885. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An infant with an inherited life-threatening metabolic condition has responded to a tailored therapy that uses the gene-editing tool CRISPR to correct a specific mutation. An infant with an inherited life-threatening metabolic condition has responded to a tailored therapy that uses the gene-editing tool CRISPR to correct a specific mutation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sepp-Lorenzino, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02590-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {884-885}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A baby benefits from personalized gene editing in the clinic}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Breaking point: Mechanical stress helps NINJ1 protein to rupture membranes. NATURE, 644(8078), 883-884. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The protein NINJ1 enables cells to break open during certain types of cell death. Modulation of physical forces on the membrane reveals how NINJ1 acts. The protein NINJ1 enables cells to break open during certain types of cell death. Modulation of physical forces on the membrane reveals how NINJ1 acts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Deshpande, Ishan and Dixit, Vishva M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02130-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {883-884}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Breaking point: Mechanical stress helps NINJ1 protein to rupture membranes}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Could machine learning help to build a unified theory of cognition?. NATURE, 644(8078), 881-883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two distinct computational approaches provide opportunities for bringing together different theories of cognition. Two distinct computational approaches provide opportunities for bringing together different theories of cognition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baggio, Giosuè}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02353-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {881-883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Could machine learning help to build a unified theory of cognition?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genome doubling fuels ovarian cancer evolution and immune dysregulation. NATURE, 644(8078), 880-881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Single-cell analysis reveals the extent of genome doubling in ovarian cancer, its variability and its role in enabling tumours to evade the immune system. Single-cell analysis reveals the extent of genome doubling in ovarian cancer, its variability and its role in enabling tumours to evade the immune system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Burdett, Nikki L. and Christie, Elizabeth L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02059-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {880-881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genome doubling fuels ovarian cancer evolution and immune dysregulation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Origins of life: The molecules that could have unlocked peptide synthesis. NATURE, 644(8078), 878-879. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For life to emerge on Earth, peptides must first have formed without the aid of enzymes — but how? Reactions of sulfur-containing molecules might have been key. For life to emerge on Earth, peptides must first have formed without the aid of enzymes — but how? Reactions of sulfur-containing molecules might have been key.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dalal, Arup and Mansy, Sheref S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02518-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {878-879}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Origins of life: The molecules that could have unlocked peptide synthesis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gully formation in cities is displacing tens of thousands of people. NATURE, 644(8078), 877-878. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gullies are incising into rapidly developing tropical cities. An analysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo casts light on the extent and effect of this on city dwellers. Gullies are incising into rapidly developing tropical cities. An analysis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo casts light on the extent and effect of this on city dwellers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Finnegan, Noah J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02426-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {877-878}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gully formation in cities is displacing tens of thousands of people}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emotional AI is here — Let’s shape it, not shun it. NATURE, 644(8078), 876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fisher, Hadar}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02699-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emotional AI is here — Let’s shape it, not shun it}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Arguments for blind peer review also need to be recognized. NATURE, 644(8078), 876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02700-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Arguments for blind peer review also need to be recognized}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deep brain stimulation data need public oversight. NATURE, 644(8078), 876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Priori, Alberto and Marceglia, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02701-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deep brain stimulation data need public oversight}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Label political AI and audit its hidden costs. NATURE, 644(8078), 876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hernandez-Serna, Andres}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02702-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Label political AI and audit its hidden costs}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Climate models need more frequent releases of input data — Here’s how to do it. NATURE, 644(8078), 874-875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Annual updates to ‘climate forcing’ data sets would allow simulations to keep pace as global warming accelerates. Annual updates to ‘climate forcing’ data sets would allow simulations to keep pace as global warming accelerates.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naik, Vaishali and Durack, Paul J. and Nicholls, Zebedee and Buontempo, Carlo and Dunne, John P. and Hewitt, Helene T. and Macintosh, Claire and O’Rourke, Eleanor}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02642-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {874-875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Climate models need more frequent releases of input data — Here’s how to do it}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Net zero needs AI — Five actions to realize its promise. NATURE, 644(8078), 871-873. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Without artificial-intelligence technologies, balancing human-caused greenhouse-gas emissions with carbon removals by 2050 is out of reach. Action in five areas is needed to keep this goal alive. Without artificial-intelligence technologies, balancing human-caused greenhouse-gas emissions with carbon removals by 2050 is out of reach. Action in five areas is needed to keep this goal alive.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Luers, Amy}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02641-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {871-873}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Net zero needs AI — Five actions to realize its promise}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). David nabarro obituary: Global-health leader who fought malnutrition, malaria, ebola and COVID-19. NATURE, 644(8078), 870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Persuasive physician who brought research evidence to the heart of global policy decisions. Persuasive physician who brought research evidence to the heart of global policy decisions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Costello, Anthony}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02640-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {David nabarro obituary: Global-health leader who fought malnutrition, malaria, ebola and COVID-19}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a fraudulent scientist faked his career and other cautionary tales: Books in brief. NATURE, 644(8078), 869. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02639-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {869}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a fraudulent scientist faked his career and other cautionary tales: Books in brief}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Einstein hated entanglement — And five other quantum myths. NATURE, 644(8078), 866-869. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There’s nothing intuitive about quantum theory — six physicists debunk some of the most common misconceptions. There’s nothing intuitive about quantum theory — six physicists debunk some of the most common misconceptions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Violaris, Maria and Inack, Estelle and Hossenfelder, Sabine and Sanchez, Norma G. and Agrawal, Shweta and Adlam, Emily}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02638-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {866-869}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Einstein hated entanglement — And five other quantum myths}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a self-taught biologist transformed nature writing — And inspired darwin. NATURE, 644(8078), 864-865. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gilbert White’s journals reveal his intimate relationship with his surroundings — and call attention to changes wreaked by climate change today. Gilbert White’s journals reveal his intimate relationship with his surroundings — and call attention to changes wreaked by climate change today.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thompson, Gareth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02637-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {864-865}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a self-taught biologist transformed nature writing — And inspired darwin}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Autism is on the rise: What’s really behind the increase?. NATURE, 644(8078), 860-863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {RFK Jr has vowed to find out what’s responsible, but scientists say he is ignoring answers from decades of research. RFK Jr has vowed to find out what’s responsible, but scientists say he is ignoring answers from decades of research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02636-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {860-863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Autism is on the rise: What’s really behind the increase?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How did life get multicellular? five simple organisms could have the answer. NATURE, 644(8078), 856-859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Single-celled species that often stick together in colonies have researchers rethinking the origin of animals. Single-celled species that often stick together in colonies have researchers rethinking the origin of animals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Katsnelson, Alla}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02635-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {856-859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How did life get multicellular? five simple organisms could have the answer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Watch rappelling robots dive into a lava tube — For science. NATURE, 644(8078), 854. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Test run shows how a team of three autonomous robots could search for extraterrestrial environments suitable for sheltering humans. Test run shows how a team of three autonomous robots could search for extraterrestrial environments suitable for sheltering humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02585-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {854}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Watch rappelling robots dive into a lava tube — For science}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The protein craze: Scientists talk supplements — And who should take them. NATURE, 644(8078), 853-854. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most people can get enough protein from food, but certain groups can benefit from protein powders and related products. Most people can get enough protein from food, but certain groups can benefit from protein powders and related products.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02472-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {853-854}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The protein craze: Scientists talk supplements — And who should take them}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mind-reading brain implant that comes with password protection. NATURE, 644(8078), 852-853. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A brain–computer interface decodes in near-real time the imagined speech of people who have difficulty enunciating words. A brain–computer interface decodes in near-real time the imagined speech of people who have difficulty enunciating words.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02589-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {852-853}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mind-reading brain implant that comes with password protection}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI helps assemble ‘brain’ of future quantum computer. NATURE, 644(8078), 851-852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As a demonstration, artificial-intelligence system helps to make a miniature, high-speed animation of physicists’ favourite feline. As a demonstration, artificial-intelligence system helps to make a miniature, high-speed animation of physicists’ favourite feline.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02577-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {851-852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI helps assemble ‘brain’ of future quantum computer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why chocolate tastes so good: Microbes that fine-tune its flavour. NATURE, 644(8078), 850-851. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Manipulating the microbial communities involved in cocoa-bean fermentation could make chocolate even more delicious. Manipulating the microbial communities involved in cocoa-bean fermentation could make chocolate even more delicious.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02659-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {850-851}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why chocolate tastes so good: Microbes that fine-tune its flavour}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Controversial quantum-computing paper gets hefty correction — But concerns linger. NATURE, 644(8078), 849-850. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The journal Science has lifted an expression of concern on a paper claiming evidence of Majorana quasiparticles and added new details. The journal Science has lifted an expression of concern on a paper claiming evidence of Majorana quasiparticles and added new details.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02587-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {849-850}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Controversial quantum-computing paper gets hefty correction — But concerns linger}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). When will dengue strike? outbreaks sync with heat and rain. NATURE, 644(8078), 848-849. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analysis uncovers seasonal patterns of the mosquito-borne disease across the Americas, which could anticipate future outbreaks. Analysis uncovers seasonal patterns of the mosquito-borne disease across the Americas, which could anticipate future outbreaks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02677-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {848-849}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {When will dengue strike? outbreaks sync with heat and rain}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain editing now ‘closer to reality’: The gene-altering tools tackling deadly disorders. NATURE, 644(8078), 847-848. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stunning results in mice herald gene-editing advances for neurological diseases. Stunning results in mice herald gene-editing advances for neurological diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02578-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {847-848}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain editing now ‘closer to reality’: The gene-altering tools tackling deadly disorders}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tiny australian predator defies drought to recover from near-extinction. NATURE, 644(8078), 845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rat-sized carnivore called the ampurta makes speedy comeback despite unprecedented drought. Rat-sized carnivore called the ampurta makes speedy comeback despite unprecedented drought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02586-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tiny australian predator defies drought to recover from near-extinction}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Water in the ‘Devil’s comet’ shares a source with earth’s oceans. NATURE, 644(8078), 845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chemical profiling traces the source of water in one of the brightest known comets to keep returning to the Solar System. Chemical profiling traces the source of water in one of the brightest known comets to keep returning to the Solar System.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02588-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Water in the ‘Devil’s comet’ shares a source with earth’s oceans}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human brain organoids reveal new path for alzheimer’s drugs. NATURE, 644(8078), 845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Organ models with hallmarks of the disease show marked improvement when a protein’s levels are restored. Organ models with hallmarks of the disease show marked improvement when a protein’s levels are restored.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02628-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human brain organoids reveal new path for alzheimer’s drugs}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The world’s largest methane emitter manages to curb one source. NATURE, 644(8078), 845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Output of the powerful greenhouse gas by China’s energy sector peaked in 2014, an inventory shows. Output of the powerful greenhouse gas by China’s energy sector peaked in 2014, an inventory shows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02629-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The world’s largest methane emitter manages to curb one source}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NASA’s earth-observing satellites are crucial — Commercial missions cannot replace them. NATURE, 644(8078), 843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Private companies can track many changes on Earth from space, but both public and commercial satellite missions are needed to understand and protect the environment. Private companies can track many changes on Earth from space, but both public and commercial satellite missions are needed to understand and protect the environment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wood, Danielle}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02685-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NASA’s earth-observing satellites are crucial — Commercial missions cannot replace them}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hazardous science that helps to save and improve lives needs more support. NATURE, 644(8078), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research into the growing environmental problem of urban gullies highlights the challenging conditions under which many socially important studies are done. Research into the growing environmental problem of urban gullies highlights the challenging conditions under which many socially important studies are done.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02684-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8078}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hazardous science that helps to save and improve lives needs more support}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: NINJ1 regulates plasma membrane fragility under mechanical strain. NATURE, 644(8077), E38. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Yunfeng and Xiao, Fang and Wang, Yiling and Wang, Yufang and Li, Jialin and Zhong, Dongmei and Huang, Zhilei and Yu, Miao and Wang, Zhirong and Barbara, Joshua and Plunkett, Christopher and Zeng, Mengxue and Song, Yiyan and Tan, Tian and Zhang, Ruibin and Xu, Kezhen and Wang, Zhongxing and Cai, Changjie and Guan, Xiangdong and Hammack, Scott and Zhang, Liang and Shi, Zheng and Xiang, Fu-li and Shao, Feng and Xu, Jie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09444-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {E38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: NINJ1 regulates plasma membrane fragility under mechanical strain}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Persistent transcriptional programmes are associated with remote memory. NATURE, 644(8077), E37. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Michelle B. and Jiang, Xian and Quake, Stephen R. and Südhof, Thomas C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09463-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {E37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Persistent transcriptional programmes are associated with remote memory}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs. NATURE, 644(8077), E36. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Kun and Reid, Obadiah and Rangan, Sylvie and Wang, Li and Li, Jingbai and Antony Jesu Durai, Kevin and Zhou, Kang and Javed, Nasir and Kasaei, Leila and Yang, Chongqing and Li, Mingxing and Sun, Yue and Tan, Kui and Cotlet, Mircea and Liu, Yi and Feldman, Leonard C. and O’Carroll, Deirdre M. and Zhu, Kai and Li, Jing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09443-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {E36}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Dendritic, delayed, stochastic CaMKII activation in behavioural time scale plasticity. NATURE, 644(8077), E35. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jain, Anant and Nakahata, Yoshihisa and Pancani, Tristano and Watabe, Tetsuya and Rusina, Polina and South, Kelly and Adachi, Kengo and Yan, Long and Simorowski, Noriko and Furukawa, Hiro and Yasuda, Ryohei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09295-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {E35}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Dendritic, delayed, stochastic CaMKII activation in behavioural time scale plasticity}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Raw ingredients: Turning algal protein into mock meat. NATURE, 644(8077), 834. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stefan Guldin is a materials scientist who used to work on biosensors. Now, he’s developing meat alternatives. Stefan Guldin is a materials scientist who used to work on biosensors. Now, he’s developing meat alternatives.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02622-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {834}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Raw ingredients: Turning algal protein into mock meat}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Beyond AlphaFold: How AI is decoding the grammar of the genome. NATURE, 644(8077), 829-832. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists are seeking to decipher the role of non-coding DNA in the human genome, helped by a suite of artificial-intelligence tools. Scientists are seeking to decipher the role of non-coding DNA in the human genome, helped by a suite of artificial-intelligence tools.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Perkel, Jeffrey M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02621-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {829-832}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Beyond AlphaFold: How AI is decoding the grammar of the genome}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A sit in the sauna can save endangered frogs. NATURE, 644(8077), 827-828. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Anthony Waddle’s unconventional approach resulted in a stunningly practical solution to fight a deadly fungal infection. Anthony Waddle’s unconventional approach resulted in a stunningly practical solution to fight a deadly fungal infection.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bolakhe, Saugat}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02620-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {827-828}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A sit in the sauna can save endangered frogs}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Subnucleosome preference of human chromatin remodeller SMARCAD1. NATURE, 644(8077), 818-826. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chromatin remodellers are pivotal in the regulation of nucleosome dynamics in cells, and they are important for chromatin packaging, transcription, replication and DNA repair1. Here we show that the human chromatin remodeller SMARCAD1 exhibits a substrate preference for subnucleosomal particles over the canonical nucleosome. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of SMARCAD1 bound to the nucleosome and hexasome provide mechanistic insights into the substrate selectivity. SMARCAD1 binds to the hexasome through multiple family-specific elements that are essential for the functions in vitro and in cells. The enzyme binds to the canonical nucleosome in an inactive conformation, which accounts for its diminished activity towards the nucleosome. Notably, the histone chaperone FACT complex acts synergistically with H2A–H2B to promote the activity of SMARCAD1 in nucleosome remodelling. Together, our findings reveal an avenue for chromatin regulation, whereby subnucleosomes are remodelled through an ATP-dependent process. Human chromatin remodeller SMARCAD1 exhibits a substrate preference for subnucleosomal particles over the canonical nucleosome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hu, Pengjing and Sun, Jingxi and Sun, Hongyao and Chen, Kangjing and Sia, Youyang and Xia, Xian and Xi, Qiaoran and Chen, Zhucheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09100-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {818-826}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Subnucleosome preference of human chromatin remodeller SMARCAD1}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Diffusing protein binders to intrinsically disordered proteins. NATURE, 644(8077), 809-817. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Proteins that bind to intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with high affinity and specificity could be useful for therapeutic and diagnostic applications1–4. However, a general methodology for targeting IDPs or IDRs has yet to be developed. Here we show that starting only from the target sequence of the input, and freely sampling both target and binding protein conformations, RFdiffusion5 can generate binders to IDPs and IDRs in a wide range of conformations. We used this approach to generate binders to the IDPs amylin, C-peptide, VP48 and BRCA1_ARATH in diverse conformations with a dissociation constant (Kd) ranging from 3 to 100 nM. For the IDRs G3BP1, common cytokine receptor γ-chain (IL-2RG) and prion protein, we diffused binders to β-strand conformations of the targets, obtaining Kd between 10 and 100 nM. Fluorescence imaging experiments show that the binders bind to their respective targets in cells. The G3BP1 binder disrupts stress granule formation in cells, and the amylin binder inhibits amyloid fibril formation and dissociates existing fibres, enables targeting of both monomeric and fibrillar amylin to lysosomes, and increases the sensitivity of mass spectrometry-based amylin detection. Our approach should be useful for creating binders to flexible IDPs or IDRs spanning a wide range of intrinsic conformational preferences. Using RFdiffusion, a general method for targeting intrinsically disordered proteins and regions for protein design has been developed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Caixuan and Wu, Kejia and Choi, Hojun and Han, Hannah L. and Zhang, Xueli and Watson, Joseph L. and Ahn, Green and Zhang, Jason Z. and Shijo, Sara and Good, Lydia L. and Fischer, Charlotte M. and Bera, Asim K. and Kang, Alex and Brackenbrough, Evans and Coventry, Brian and Hick, Derrick R. and Qamar, Seema and Li, Xinting and Decarreau, Justin and Gerben, Stacey R. and Yang, Wei and Goreshnik, Inna and Vafeados, Dionne and Wang, Xinru and Lamb, Mila and Murray, Analisa and Kenny, Sebastian and Bauer, Magnus S. and Hoofnagle, Andrew N. and Zhu, Ping and Knowles, Tuomas P. J. and Baker, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09248-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {809-817}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Diffusing protein binders to intrinsically disordered proteins}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glycosaminoglycan-driven lipoprotein uptake protects tumours from ferroptosis. NATURE, 644(8077), 799-808. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lipids are essential components of cancer cells due to their structural and signalling roles1. To meet metabolic demands, many cancers take up extracellular lipids2–5; however, how these lipids contribute to cancer growth and progression remains poorly understood. Here, using functional genetic screens, we identify uptake of lipoproteins—the primary mechanism for lipid transport in circulation—as a key determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer. Lipoprotein supplementation robustly inhibits ferroptosis across diverse cancer types, primarily through the delivery of α-tocopherol (α-toc), the most abundant form of vitamin E in human lipoproteins. Mechanistically, cancer cells take up lipoproteins through a pathway dependent on sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to cell-surface proteoglycans. Disrupting GAG biosynthesis or acutely degrading surface GAGs reduces lipoprotein uptake, sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis and impairs tumour growth in mice. Notably, human clear cell renal cell carcinomas—a lipid-rich malignancy—exhibit elevated levels of chondroitin sulfate and increased lipoprotein-derived α-toc compared with normal kidney tissue. Together, our study establishes lipoprotein uptake as a critical anti-ferroptotic mechanism in cancer and implicates GAG biosynthesis as a therapeutic target. Lipoprotein uptake dependent on sulfated glycosaminoglycans linked to cell-surface proteoglycans is a key determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Calhoon, Dylan and Sang, Lingjie and Ji, Fubo and Bezwada, Divya and Hsu, Sheng-Chieh and Cai, Feng and Kim, Nathaniel and Basu, Amrita and Wu, Renfei and Pimentel, Anastasia and Brooks, Bailey and La, Konnor and Paulina Serrano, Ana and Cassidy, Daniel L. and Cai, Ling and Toffessi-Tcheuyap, Vanina and Moussa, Maryam E. and Uritboonthai, Winnie and Hoang, Linh Truc and Kolli, Meghana and Jackson, Brooklyn and Margulis, Vitaly and Siuzdak, Gary and Brugarolas, James and Corbin, Ian and Pratt, Derek A. and Weiss, Ryan J. and DeBerardinis, Ralph J. and Birsoy, Kıvanç and Garcia-Bermudez, Javier}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09162-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {799-808}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glycosaminoglycan-driven lipoprotein uptake protects tumours from ferroptosis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Kupffer cell programming by maternal obesity triggers fatty liver disease. NATURE, 644(8077), 790-798. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Kupffer cells (KCs) are tissue-resident macrophages that colonize the liver early during embryogenesis1. Upon liver colonization, KCs rapidly acquire a tissue-specific transcriptional signature, mature alongside the developing liver and adapt to its functions1–3. Throughout development and adulthood, KCs perform distinct core functions that are essential for liver and organismal homeostasis, including supporting fetal erythropoiesis, postnatal erythrocyte recycling and liver metabolism4. However, whether perturbations of macrophage core functions during development contribute to or cause disease at postnatal stages is poorly understood. Here, we utilize a mouse model of maternal obesity to perturb KC functions during gestation. We show that offspring exposed to maternal obesity develop fatty liver disease, driven by aberrant developmental programming of KCs that persists into adulthood. Programmed KCs promote lipid uptake by hepatocytes through apolipoprotein secretion. KC depletion in neonate mice born to obese mothers, followed by replenishment with naive monocytes, rescues fatty liver disease. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the gene encoding hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF1α) in macrophages during gestation prevents the metabolic programming of KCs from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, thereby averting the development of fatty liver disease. These results establish developmental perturbation of KC functions as a causal factor in fatty liver disease in adulthood and position fetal-derived macrophages as critical intergenerational messengers within the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases5. In a mouse model, maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to fatty liver disease in the offspring, driven by aberrant developmental programming of Kuppfer cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Hao and Balzer, Nora R. and Seep, Lea and Splichalova, Iva and Blank-Stein, Nelli and Viola, Maria Francesca and Franco Taveras, Eliana and Acil, Kerim and Fink, Diana and Petrovic, Franzisca and Makdissi, Nikola and Bayar, Seyhmus and Mauel, Katharina and Radwaniak, Carolin and Zurkovic, Jelena and Kayvanjoo, Amir H. and Wunderling, Klaus and Jessen, Malin and Yaghmour, Mohamed H. and Kenner, Lukas and Ulas, Thomas and Grein, Stephan and Schultze, Joachim L. and Scott, Charlotte L. and Guilliams, Martin and Liu, Zhaoyuan and Ginhoux, Florent and Beyer, Marc D. and Thiele, Christoph and Meissner, Felix and Hasenauer, Jan and Wachten, Dagmar and Mass, Elvira}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09190-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {790-798}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Kupffer cell programming by maternal obesity triggers fatty liver disease}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). WSTF nuclear autophagy regulates chronic but not acute inflammation. NATURE, 644(8077), 780-789. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acute inflammation is an essential response that our bodies use to combat infections1. However, in the absence of infections, chronic inflammation can have a pivotal role in the onset and progression of chronic diseases, such as arthritis, cancer, autoimmune disorders, metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and most ageing-associated pathologies2,3. The underlying mechanisms that distinguish chronic inflammation from its acute counterpart remain unclear, posing challenges to the development of targeted therapies for these major diseases. Here we identify a mechanism that separates the two responses: during chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy, in which the WSTF protein of the ISWI chromatin-remodelling complex interacts with the ATG8 autophagy protein family in the nucleus. This interaction leads to WSTF nuclear export and subsequent degradation by autophagosomes and lysosomes in the cytoplasm. Loss of WSTF leads to chromatin opening over inflammatory genes, amplifying inflammation. Cell-penetrating peptides that block the WSTF–ATG8 interaction do not affect acute inflammation but suppress chronic inflammation in senescence as well as in MASH and osteoarthritis in mouse models and patient samples. The ability to specifically target chronic inflammation without blunting acute inflammation offers an approach for treating common chronic inflammatory diseases. During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Yu and Eapen, Vinay V. and Liang, Yaosi and Kournoutis, Athanasios and Sherman, Marc Samuel and Xu, Yanxin and Onorati, Angelique and Li, Xianting and Zhou, Xiaoting and Corey, Kathleen E. and Du, Kuo and Cabral Burkard, Ana Maria and Ho, Chia-Kang and Xie, Jing and Zhang, Hui and Maeso-Díaz, Raquel and Ma, Xinyi and Rieprecht, Ulrike and O’Brien, Tara and Cetinbas, Murat and Wang, Lu and Liu, Jihe and Bretz, Corey and Havas, Aaron P. and Zhou, Zhuo and Ho Sui, Shannan J. and Saladi, Srinivas Vinod and Sadreyev, Ruslan I. and Adams, Peter D. and Kingston, Robert E. and Diehl, Anna Mae and Alman, Benjamin and Goessling, Wolfram and Yue, Zhenyu and Wang, Xiao-Fan and Johansen, Terje and Dou, Zhixun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09234-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {780-789}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {WSTF nuclear autophagy regulates chronic but not acute inflammation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Selective remodelling of the adipose niche in obesity and weight loss. NATURE, 644(8077), 769-779. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Weight loss significantly improves metabolic and cardiovascular health in people with obesity1–3. The remodelling of adipose tissue (AT) is central to these varied and important clinical effects4. However, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms, presenting a barrier to treatment advances. Here we report a spatially resolved single-nucleus atlas (comprising 171,247 cells from 70 people) investigating the cell types, molecular events and regulatory factors that reshape human AT, and thus metabolic health, in obesity and therapeutic weight loss. We discover selective vulnerability to senescence in metabolic, precursor and vascular cells and reveal that senescence is potently reversed by weight loss. We define gene regulatory mechanisms and tissue signals that may drive a degenerative cycle of senescence, tissue injury and metabolic dysfunction. We find that weight loss reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and biomechanical constraint pathways, activating global metabolic flux and bioenergetic substrate cycles that may mediate systemic improvements in metabolic health. In the immune compartment, we demonstrate that weight loss represses obesity-induced macrophage infiltration but does not completely reverse activation, leaving these cells primed to trigger potential weight regain and worsen metabolic dysfunction. Throughout, we map cells to tissue niches to understand the collective determinants of tissue injury and recovery. Overall, our complementary single-nucleus and spatial datasets offer unprecedented insights into the basis of obese AT dysfunction and its reversal by weight loss and are a key resource for mechanistic and therapeutic exploration. An atlas study of adipose tissue in people with obesity undergoing weight loss and their lean counterparts reveals that weight loss reduces cell senescence but cannot reverse all the metabolic problems caused by obesity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miranda, Antonio M. A. and McAllan, Liam and Mazzei, Guianfranco and Andrew, Ivan and Davies, Iona and Ertugrul, Meryem and Kenkre, Julia and Kudo, Hiromi and Carrelha, Joana and Patel, Bhavik and Newton, Sophie and Zhang, Weihua and Pollard, Alice and Cross, Amy and McCallion, Oliver and Jang, Mikyung and Choi, Ka Lok and Brown, Scarlett and Rasool, Yasmin and Adamo, Marco and Elkalaawy, Mohamed and Jenkinson, Andrew and Mohammadi, Borzoueh and Hashemi, Majid and Goldin, Robert and Game, Laurence and Hester, Joanna and Issa, Fadi and Ryan, Dylan G. and Ortega, Patricia and Ahmed, Ahmed R. and Batterham, Rachel L. and Chambers, John C. and Kooner, Jaspal S. and Baranasic, Damir and Noseda, Michela and Tan, Tricia and Scott, William R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09233-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {769-779}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Selective remodelling of the adipose niche in obesity and weight loss}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Early life high fructose impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment. NATURE, 644(8077), 759-768. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the success of fructose as a low-cost food additive, epidemiological evidence suggests that high fructose consumption during pregnancy or adolescence is associated with disrupted neurodevelopment1–3. An essential step in appropriate mammalian neurodevelopment is the phagocytic elimination of newly formed neurons by microglia, the resident professional phagocyte of the central nervous system4. Whether high fructose consumption in early life affects microglial phagocytosis and whether this directly affects neurodevelopment remains unknown. Here we show that offspring born to female mice fed a high-fructose diet and neonates exposed to high fructose exhibit decreased phagocytic activity in vivo. Notably, deletion of the high-affinity fructose transporter GLUT5 (also known as SLC2A5) in neonatal microglia completely reversed microglia phagocytic dysfunction, suggesting that high fructose directly affects neonatal development by suppressing microglial phagocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that high-fructose treatment of mouse and human microglia suppresses phagocytosis capacity, which is rescued in GLUT5-deficient microglia. Additionally, we found that high fructose drives significant GLUT5-dependent fructose uptake and catabolism to fructose 6-phosphate, rewiring microglial metabolism towards a hypo-phagocytic state in part by enforcing mitochondrial localization of the enzyme hexokinase 2. Mice exposed to high fructose as neonates develop anxiety-like behaviour as adolescents—an effect that is rescued in GLUT5-deficient mice. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the epidemiological observation that high-fructose exposure during early life is associated with increased prevalence of adolescent anxiety disorders. Exposure of mice to high fructose during gestation or early postnatal life causes decreased microglial phagocytosis during brain development and leads to anxiety-like behaviour in adolescence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Zhaoquan and Lipshutz, Allie and Martínez de la Torre, Celia and Trzeciak, Alissa J. and Liu, Zong-Lin and Miranda, Isabella C. and Lazarov, Tomi and Codo, Ana C. and Romero-Pichardo, Jesús E. and Nair, Achuth and Schild, Tanya and Saitz Rojas, Waleska and Saavedra, Pedro H. V. and Baako, Ann K. and Fadojutimi, Kelvin and Downey, Michael S. and Geissmann, Frederic and Faraco, Giuseppe and Gan, Li and Etchegaray, Jon Iker and Lucas, Christopher D. and Tanasova, Marina and Parkhurst, Christopher N. and Zeng, Melody Y. and Keshari, Kayvan R. and Perry, Justin S. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09098-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {759-768}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Early life high fructose impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic basal ganglia output signals license and suppress forelimb movements. NATURE, 644(8077), 749-758. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The basal ganglia are fundamental to motor control and their dysfunction is linked to motor deficits1–8. Influential investigations on the primate oculomotor system posited that movement generally depends on transient pauses of tonically firing inhibitory basal ganglia output neurons releasing brainstem motor centres9,10. However, prominent increases in basal ganglia output neuron firing observed during other motor tasks cast doubts on the proposed mechanisms of movement regulation through basal ganglia circuitry11–22. Here we show that basal ganglia output neurons in the mouse substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) represent complex forelimb movements with highly granular and dynamic changes in spiking activity, tiling task execution at the population level. Single SNr neurons exhibit movement-specific firing pauses as well as increases, each occurring in concert with precise and different forelimb movements. Combining optogenetics and simultaneous recordings from basal ganglia output and postsynaptic brainstem neurons, we reveal the functional role of these dynamic firing-rate changes in releasing and suppressing movement through downstream targets. Together, our results demonstrate the existence and function of highly specific and temporally precise movement representations in basal ganglia output circuitry. We propose a model in which basal ganglia output neurons fire dynamically to provide granular and bidirectional movement-specific signals for release and suppression of motor programs to downstream circuits. Basal ganglia output neurons fire dynamically in bidirectional and movement-specific patterns to license forelimb movements. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Falasconi, Antonio and Kanodia, Harsh and Arber, Silvia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09066-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {749-758}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic basal ganglia output signals license and suppress forelimb movements}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unsupervised pretraining in biological neural networks. NATURE, 644(8077), 741-748. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Representation learning in neural networks may be implemented with supervised or unsupervised algorithms, distinguished by the availability of instruction. In the sensory cortex, perceptual learning drives neural plasticity1–13, but it is not known whether this is due to supervised or unsupervised learning. Here we recorded populations of up to 90,000 neurons simultaneously from the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher visual areas (HVAs) while mice learned multiple tasks, as well as during unrewarded exposure to the same stimuli. Similar to previous studies, we found that neural changes in task mice were correlated with their behavioural learning. However, the neural changes were mostly replicated in mice with unrewarded exposure, suggesting that the changes were in fact due to unsupervised learning. The neural plasticity was highest in the medial HVAs and obeyed visual, rather than spatial, learning rules. In task mice only, we found a ramping reward-prediction signal in anterior HVAs, potentially involved in supervised learning. Our neural results predict that unsupervised learning may accelerate subsequent task learning, a prediction that we validated with behavioural experiments. During visual learning, neural plasticity is driven by unsupervised learning in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhong, Lin and Baptista, Scott and Gattoni, Rachel and Arnold, Jon and Flickinger, Daniel and Stringer, Carsen and Pachitariu, Marius}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09180-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {741-748}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unsupervised pretraining in biological neural networks}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Longer scans boost prediction and cut costs in brain-wide association studies. NATURE, 644(8077), 731-740. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A pervasive dilemma in brain-wide association studies1 (BWAS) is whether to prioritize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan time or sample size. We derive a theoretical model showing that individual-level phenotypic prediction accuracy increases with sample size and total scan duration (sample size × scan time per participant). The model explains empirical prediction accuracies well across 76 phenotypes from nine resting-fMRI and task-fMRI datasets (R2 = 0.89), spanning diverse scanners, acquisitions, racial groups, disorders and ages. For scans of ≤20 min, accuracy increases linearly with the logarithm of the total scan duration, suggesting that sample size and scan time are initially interchangeable. However, sample size is ultimately more important. Nevertheless, when accounting for the overhead costs of each participant (such as recruitment), longer scans can be substantially cheaper than larger sample size for improving prediction performance. To achieve high prediction performance, 10 min scans are cost inefficient. In most scenarios, the optimal scan time is at least 20 min. On average, 30 min scans are the most cost-effective, yielding 22% savings over 10 min scans. Overshooting the optimal scan time is cheaper than undershooting it, so we recommend a scan time of at least 30 min. Compared with resting-state whole-brain BWAS, the most cost-effective scan time is shorter for task-fMRI and longer for subcortical-to-whole-brain BWAS. In contrast to standard power calculations, our results suggest that jointly optimizing sample size and scan time can boost prediction accuracy while cutting costs. Our empirical reference is available online for future study design ( https://thomasyeolab.github.io/OptimalScanTimeCalculator/index.html ). Although the number of participants is important for phenotypic prediction accuracy in brain-wide association studies using functional MRI, scanning for at least 30 min offers the greatest cost effectiveness.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ooi, Leon Qi Rong and Orban, Csaba and Zhang, Shaoshi and Nichols, Thomas E. and Tan, Trevor Wei Kiat and Kong, Ru and Marek, Scott and Dosenbach, Nico U. F. and Laumann, Timothy O. and Gordon, Evan M. and Yap, Kwong Hsia and Ji, Fang and Chong, Joanna Su Xian and Chen, Christopher and An, Lijun and Franzmeier, Nicolai and Roemer-Cassiano, Sebastian N. and Hu, Qingyu and Ren, Jianxun and Liu, Hesheng and Chopra, Sidhant and Cocuzza, Carrisa V. and Baker, Justin T. and Zhou, Juan Helen and Bzdok, Danilo and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Holmes, Avram J. and Yeo, B. T. Thomas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09250-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {731-740}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Longer scans boost prediction and cut costs in brain-wide association studies}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice. NATURE, 644(8077), 722-730. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cell functions across eukaryotes are driven by specific gene expression programs, which are dependent on chromatin structure1–3. Here we report a single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice, one of the world’s major crops. By simultaneously profiling chromatin accessibility and RNA expression in 116,564 cells from eight organs, we identified cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks and described novel cell states, such as a ‘transitional state’ in floral meristems. On the basis of our network analyses, we uncovered the function of the cell-type-specific regulatory hubs RSR1, F3H and LTPL120 during rice development. Our analysis revealed correlations between cell type and agronomic traits, as well as conserved and divergent cell-type functions during evolution. In summary, this study not only offers a unique single-cell multi-omics resource for a major crop but also advances our understanding of cell-type functions and the underlying molecular programs in rice. A single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice is revealed, providing insight into cell-type functions and molecular programs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Xiangyu and Huang, Huanwei and Jiang, Sanjie and Kang, Jingmin and Li, Dongwei and Wang, Kailai and Xie, Shang and Tong, Cheng and Liu, Chaofan and Hu, Guihua and Li, Haoqian and Li, Cong and Yang, Liwen and Ding, Yike and Li, Shang-Tong and Wang, Faming and Lohmann, Jan U. and Liang, Zhe and Gu, Xiaofeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09251-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {722-730}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Whole-genome ancestry of an old kingdom egyptian. NATURE, 644(8077), 714-721. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ancient Egyptian society flourished for millennia, reaching its peak during the Dynastic Period (approximately 3150–30 bce). However, owing to poor DNA preservation, questions about regional interconnectivity over time have not been addressed because whole-genome sequencing has not yet been possible. Here we sequenced a 2× coverage whole genome from an adult male Egyptian excavated at Nuwayrat (Nuerat, نويرات). Radiocarbon dated to 2855–2570 cal. bce, he lived a few centuries after Egyptian unification, bridging the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. The body was interred in a ceramic pot within a rock-cut tomb1, potentially contributing to the DNA preservation. Most of his genome is best represented by North African Neolithic ancestry, among available sources at present. Yet approximately 20% of his genetic ancestry can be traced to genomes representing the eastern Fertile Crescent, including Mesopotamia and surrounding regions. This genetic affinity is similar to the ancestry appearing in Anatolia and the Levant during the Neolithic and Bronze Age2–5. Although more genomes are needed to fully understand the genomic diversity of early Egyptians, our results indicate that contacts between Egypt and the eastern Fertile Crescent were not limited to objects and imagery (such as domesticated animals and plants, as well as writing systems)6–9 but also encompassed human migration. Whole-genome sequencing of an ancient male Egyptian revealed a mixture of North African Neolithic and eastern Fertile Crescent ancestry, suggesting human migration between Egypt and Mesopotamia by the Old Kingdom period.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Morez Jacobs, Adeline and Irish, Joel D. and Cooke, Ashley and Anastasiadou, Kyriaki and Barrington, Christopher and Gilardet, Alexandre and Kelly, Monica and Silva, Marina and Speidel, Leo and Tait, Frankie and Williams, Mia and Brucato, Nicolas and Ricaut, Francois-Xavier and Wilkinson, Caroline and Madgwick, Richard and Holt, Emily and Nederbragt, Alexandra J. and Inglis, Edward and Hajdinjak, Mateja and Skoglund, Pontus and Girdland-Flink, Linus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09195-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {714-721}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Whole-genome ancestry of an old kingdom egyptian}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mapping the adaptive landscape of batesian mimicry using 3D-printed stimuli. NATURE, 644(8077), 706-713. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a classic example of adaptation, harmless Batesian mimics gain protection from predators through resemblance to one or more unpalatable models1,2. Mimics vary greatly in accuracy, and explaining the persistence of inaccurate mimics is an ongoing challenge for evolutionary biologists3,4. Empirical testing of existing hypotheses is constrained by the difficulty of assessing the fitness of phenotypes absent among extant species, leaving large parts of the adaptive landscape unexplored5—a problem affecting the study of the evolution of most complex traits. Here, to address this, we created mimetic phenotypes that occupy hypothetical areas of trait space by morphing between 3D images of real insects (flies and wasps), and tested the responses of real predators to high-resolution, full-colour 3D-printed reproductions of these phenotypes. We found that birds have an excellent ability to learn to discriminate among insects on the basis of subtle differences in appearance, but this ability is weaker for pattern and shape than for colour and size traits. We found that mimics gained no special protection from intermediate resemblance to multiple model phenotypes. However, discrimination ability was lower in some invertebrate predators (especially crab spiders and mantises), highlighting that the predator community is key to explaining the apparent inaccuracy of many mimics. Birds have an excellent ability to learn to discriminate harmless insects from those that they mimic on the basis of subtle differences in appearance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Taylor, Christopher H. and Watson, David James George and Skelhorn, John and Bell, Danny and Burdett, Simon and Codyre, Aoife and Cooley, Kathryn and Davies, James R. and Dawson, Joshua Joseph and D’Cruz, Tahiré and Gandhi, Samir Raj and Jackson, Hannah J. and Lowe, Rebecca and Ogilvie, Elizabeth and Pond, Alexandra Lei and Rees, Hallie and Richardson, Joseph and Sains, Joshua and Short, Francis and Brignell, Christopher and Davidson, Gabrielle L. and Rowland, Hannah M. and East, Mark and Goodridge, Ruth and Gilbert, Francis and Reader, Tom}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09216-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {706-713}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mapping the adaptive landscape of batesian mimicry using 3D-printed stimuli}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reorganization of the theropod wrist preceded the origin of avian flight. NATURE, 644(8077), 699-705. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The carpus (wrist) of birds has a complex evolutionary history, long known to involve carpal reduction and recently shown to include topological replacement of one carpal (the ulnare) by another (the pisiform)1. The pisiform plays a crucial role in stabilization of the distal wingtip during flight2, and facilitates kinematic integration that ‘automates’ wing motion3. The apparent absence of a pisiform in all but the earliest theropod dinosaurs led to the proposal that it was lost early in theropod evolution and regained only in birds as a key step in the origin of flight1. Here, we describe the forelimb skeletons of two newly prepared theropod dinosaur specimens from the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, each of which preserves a pisiform, establishing its presence in Oviraptorosauria and Troodontidae in addition to birds. Reinterpretation of published material in light of these specimens shows a pisiform in a wide range of theropod species, including Microraptor4, Ambopteryx5 and Anchiornis6. Our results indicate that the pisiform replaced the ulnare by origin of the clade Pennaraptora, phylogenetically coincident with the hypothesized origin(s) of flight in birds and their closest relatives7,8. Taken together, our results indicate that replacement of the ulnare by the pisiform was a terminal step in assembly of the dinosaurian flight apparatus that occurred close to the origins of flight in theropod dinosaurs, rather than a novelty restricted to birds. The forelimbs of two Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaurs show the presence of the pisiform bone, previously thought to have been lost early in theropod evolution and regained in birds during the evolution of flight, indicating that a birdlike pisiform appeared prior to the evolution of flight.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Napoli, James G. and Fabbri, Matteo and Ruebenstahl, Alexander A. and O’Connor, Jingmai K. and Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S. and Norell, Mark A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09232-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {699-705}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reorganization of the theropod wrist preceded the origin of avian flight}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bowhead whale faeces link increasing algal toxins in the arctic to ocean warming. NATURE, 644(8077), 693-698. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Over the last two decades, ocean warming and rapid loss of sea ice have dramatically changed the Pacific Arctic marine environment1–3. These changes are predicted to increase harmful algal bloom prevalence and toxicity, as rising temperatures and larger open water areas are more favourable for growth of some toxic algal species4. It is well known that algal toxins are transferred through food webs during blooms and can have negative impacts on wildlife and human health5–7. Yet, there are no long-term quantitative reports on algal toxin presence in Arctic food webs to evaluate increasing exposure risks. In the present study, algal toxins were quantified in bowel samples collected from 205 bowhead whales harvested for subsistence purposes over 19 years. These filter-feeding whales served as integrated food web samplers for algal toxin presence in the Beaufort Sea as it relates to changing environmental conditions over two decades. Algal toxin prevalences and concentrations were significantly correlated with ocean heat flux, open water area, wind velocity and atmospheric pressure. These results provide confirmative oceanic, atmospheric and biological evidence for increasing algal toxin concentrations in Arctic food webs due to warming ocean conditions. This approach elucidates breakthrough mechanistic connections between warming oceans and increasing algal toxin exposure risks to Arctic wildlife, which threatens food security for Native Alaskan communities that have been reliant on marine resources for subsistence for 5,000 years (ref. 8). An analysis of bowel samples from bowhead whales collected yearly from 2004–2022 indicates increasing algal toxin concentrations in Arctic food webs due to warming ocean conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lefebvre, Kathi A. and Charapata, Patrick and Stimmelmayr, Raphaela and Lin, Peigen and Pickart, Robert S. and Hubbard, Katherine A. and Bill, Brian D. and Sheffield, Gay and Bowers, Emily K. and Anderson, Donald M. and Fachon, Evangeline and Thoman, Rick}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09230-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {693-698}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bowhead whale faeces link increasing algal toxins in the arctic to ocean warming}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human emissions drive recent trends in north pacific climate variations. NATURE, 644(8077), 684-692. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)—the leading pattern of climate variability driving changes over the North Pacific and surrounding continents—is now thought to be generated by processes internal to the climate system1,2. According to this paradigm, the characteristic, irregular oscillations of the PDO arise from a collection of mechanisms involving ocean and atmosphere interactions in the North and tropical Pacific3–5. Recent variations in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system, such as the 2015 El Niño, ought to have shifted the PDO into its positive phase6. Yet, the PDO has been locked in a consistent downward trend for more than three decades, remanding nearby regions to a steady set of climate impacts. Here we show that the main multidecadal variations in the PDO index during the twentieth century, including the ongoing, decades-long negative trend, were largely driven by human emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases rather than internal processes. This anthropogenic influence was previously undetected because the current generation of climate models systematically underestimate the amplitude of forced climate variability. A new attribution technique that statistically corrects for this error suggests that observed PDO impacts—including the ongoing multidecadal drought in the western United States—can be largely attributed to human activity through externally forced changes in the PDO. These results indicate that we need to rethink the attribution and projection of multidecadal changes in regional climate. The main multidecadal variations in the PDO index during the twentieth century, including the ongoing, decades-long negative trend, were largely driven by human emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases rather than internal processes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Klavans, Jeremy M. and DiNezio, Pedro N. and Clement, Amy C. and Deser, Clara and Shanahan, Timothy M. and Cane, Mark A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09368-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {684-692}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human emissions drive recent trends in north pacific climate variations}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tropical response to ocean circulation slowdown raises future drought risk. NATURE, 644(8077), 676-683. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Projections of tropical rainfall under global warming remain highly uncertain1,2, largely because of an unclear climate response to a potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)3. Although an AMOC slowdown can substantially alter tropical rainfall patterns4–8, the physical mechanisms linking high-latitude changes to tropical hydroclimate are poorly understood11. Here we demonstrate that an AMOC slowdown drives widespread shifts in tropical rainfall through the propagation of high-latitude cooling into the tropical North Atlantic. We identify and validate this mechanism using climate model simulations and palaeoclimate records from Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1)—a past period marked by pronounced AMOC weakening9,10. In models, prevailing easterly and westerly winds communicate the climate signal to the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean through the transport of cold air generated over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. Air–sea interactions transmit the response across the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, altering rainfall patterns as far as Indonesia, the tropical Andes and northern Australia. A similar teleconnection emerges under global warming scenarios, producing a consistent multi-model pattern of tropical hydroclimatic change. These palaeo-validated projections show widespread drying across Mesoamerica, the Amazon and West Africa, highlighting an elevated risk of severe drought for vulnerable human and ecological systems. An Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown drives widespread shifts in tropical rainfall through the propagation of high-latitude cooling into the tropical North Atlantic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {DiNezio, Pedro N. and Shanahan, Timothy M. and Sun, Tianyi and Sun, Chijun and Wu, Xian and Lawman, Allison and Lea, David and Kageyama, Masa and Merkel, Ute and Prange, Matthias and Otto-Bliesner, Bette and Zhang, Xu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09319-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {676-683}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tropical response to ocean circulation slowdown raises future drought risk}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Acidic oxygen reduction by single-atom fe catalysts on curved supports. NATURE, 644(8077), 668-675. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Developing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for cost-effective proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is challenging1–3. Fe/N–C catalysts are among the most promising alternatives to the platinum group metal catalysts, but their activity and durability still cannot meet the performance criteria due to the strong adsorption of oxygenated reaction intermediates and the demetallization of Fe species caused by the Fenton reaction4–8. Here we design and develop a new type of Fe/N–C catalyst that is composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with single Fe-atom sites primarily embedded within the inner curved surface of the nanoprotrusions. The graphitized outer carbon layer of the nanoprotrusions can not only effectively weaken the binding strength of the oxygenated reaction intermediates, but also reduce the hydroxyl radical production rate. As a result, the Fe/N–C catalyst delivers one of the best-performing platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performances, achieving a record high power density of 0.75 W cm−2 under 1.0 bar H2–air with 86% activity retention after more than 300 hours of continuous operation. A new type of Fe/N–C catalyst composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with inner-embedded single Fe-atom sites has been developed that delivers a high-performance platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Yasong and Wan, Jiawei and Ling, Chongyi and Wang, Yanlei and He, Hongyan and Yang, Nailiang and Wen, Rui and Zhang, Qinghua and Gu, Lin and Yang, Bolong and Xiang, Zhonghua and Chen, Chen and Wang, Jinlan and Wang, Xin and Wang, Yucheng and Tao, Huabing and Li, Xuning and Liu, Bin and Zhang, Suojiang and Wang, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09364-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {668-675}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Acidic oxygen reduction by single-atom fe catalysts on curved supports}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Delocalized electrolyte design enables 600 wh kg−1 lithium metal pouch cells. NATURE, 644(8077), 660-667. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The development of high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is essential for advances in next-generation energy storage and electric vehicle technologies1–3. Nevertheless, the practical applications of LMBs are constrained by current electrolyte designs that inherently rely on dominant solvation structures, preventing transformative progress in performance optimization4,5. Here, we address this limitation through a delocalized electrolyte design that fosters a more disordered solvation microenvironment, thereby mitigating dynamic barriers and stabilizing interphases. The resulting delocalized electrolyte delivers notable energy densities of 604.2 Wh kg−1 in a 5.5-Ah LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (Ni90)||Li pouch cell with a lean electrolyte design (1.0 g Ah−1) and 618.2 Wh kg−1 in a 5.2-Ah Ni90||Li pouch cell with an ultralean electrolyte design (0.9 g Ah−1), maintaining significant cycle stability over 100 and 90 cycles, respectively. In addition, the 70–104 V NCM811||Li battery pack (3,904 Wh) exhibits a high energy density of 480.9 Wh kg−1 and stable cycling over 25 cycles. These results demonstrate the need to circumvent inherent reliance on dominant solvation structures in electrolyte design to achieve the high-energy Battery600 and scalable Pack480 targets. Lithium metal battery performance is optimized using a delocalized electrolyte design that induces a disordered solvation microenvironment, thereby combining the advantages of the solvent-dominated and anion-dominated structures of conventional electrolytes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, He and Hu, Yitao and Hou, Yajun and Wang, Xingkai and Dong, Qiujiang and Zhao, Zhixin and Ji, Mingfang and Zhang, Wanxing and Li, Jinyang and Xie, Jianping and Guo, Hao and Han, Xiaopeng and Ouyang, Xiaoping and Hu, Wenbin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09382-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {660-667}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Delocalized electrolyte design enables 600 wh kg−1 lithium metal pouch cells}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Flat-panel laser displays through large-scale photonic integrated circuits. NATURE, 644(8077), 652-659. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Laser-based displays are highly sought after for their superior brightness and colour performance1, especially in advanced applications such as augmented reality (AR)2. However, their broader use has been hindered by bulky projector designs and complex optical module assemblies3. Here we introduce a laser display architecture enabled by large-scale visible photonic integrated circuits (PICs)4–7 to address these challenges. Unlike previous projector-style laser displays, this architecture features an ultra-thin, flat-panel form factor, replacing bulky free-space illumination modules with a single, high-performance photonic chip. Centimetre-scale PIC devices, which integrate thousands of distinct optical components on-chip, are carefully tailored to achieve high display uniformity, contrast and efficiency. We demonstrate a 2-mm-thick flat-panel laser display combining the PIC with a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) panel8,9, achieving 211% of the colour gamut and more than 80% volume reduction compared with traditional LCoS displays. We further showcase its application in a see-through AR system. Our work represents an advancement in the integration of nanophotonics with display technologies, enabling a range of new display concepts, from high-performance immersive displays to slim-panel 3D holography. Photonic integrated circuits allow laser displays to be flattened into a compact form factor while improving efficiency and colour performance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Zhujun and Cheng, Risheng and Wei, Guohua and Hickman, Steven A. and Shin, Min Chul and Topalian, Peter and Wang, Lei and Coso, Dusan and Wang, Youmin and Wang, Qingjun and Le, Brian and Lee, Lizzy and Lopez, Daniel and Wu, Yuhang and Braxton, Sean and Koshelev, Alexander and Parsons, Maxwell F. and Agarwal, Rahul and Silverstein, Barry and Wang, Yun and Calafiore, Giuseppe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09107-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {652-659}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Flat-panel laser displays through large-scale photonic integrated circuits}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Proximity screening greatly enhances electronic quality of graphene. NATURE, 644(8077), 646-651. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The electronic quality of two-dimensional systems is crucial when exploring quantum transport phenomena. In semiconductor heterostructures, decades of optimization have yielded record-quality two-dimensional gases with transport and quantum mobilities reaching close to 108 and 106 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively1–10. Although the quality of graphene devices has also been improving, it remains comparatively lower11–17. Here we report a transformative improvement in the electronic quality of graphene by employing graphite gates placed in its immediate proximity, at 1 nm separation. The resulting screening reduces charge inhomogeneity by two orders of magnitude, bringing it down to a few 107 cm−2 and limiting potential fluctuations to less than 1 meV. Quantum mobilities reach 107 cm2 V−1 s−1, surpassing those in the highest-quality semiconductor heterostructures by an order of magnitude, and the transport mobilities match their record9,10. This quality enables Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in fields as low as 1 mT and quantum Hall plateaux below 5 mT. Although proximity screening predictably suppresses electron–electron interactions, fractional quantum Hall states remain observable with their energy gaps reduced only by a factor of 3–5 compared with unscreened devices, demonstrating that many-body phenomena at spatial scales shorter than 10 nm remain robust. Our results offer a reliable route to improving electronic quality in graphene and other two-dimensional systems, which should facilitate the exploration of new physics previously obscured by disorder. Screening by a graphite gate placed at 1 nm proximity to graphene produces transformative improvement in its electronic quality, reducing charge inhomogeneity by two orders of magnitude.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Domaretskiy, Daniil and Wu, Zefei and Nguyen, Van Huy and Hayward, Ned and Babich, Ian and Li, Xiao and Nguyen, Ekaterina and Barrier, Julien and Indykiewicz, Kornelia and Wang, Wendong and Gorbachev, Roman V. and Xin, Na and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Hague, Lee and Fal’ko, Vladimir I. and Grigorieva, Irina V. and Ponomarenko, Leonid A. and Berdyugin, Alexey I. and Geim, Andre K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09386-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {646-651}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Proximity screening greatly enhances electronic quality of graphene}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrochemical loading enhances deuterium fusion rates in a metal target. NATURE, 644(8077), 640-645. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nuclear fusion research for energy applications aims to create conditions that release more energy than required to initiate the fusion process1. To generate meaningful amounts of energy, fuels such as deuterium need to be spatially confined to increase the collision probability of particles2–4. We therefore set out to investigate whether electrochemically loading a metal lattice with deuterium fuel could increase the probability of nuclear fusion events. Here we report a benchtop fusion reactor that enabled us to bombard a palladium metal target with deuterium ions. These deuterium ions undergo deuterium–deuterium fusion reactions within the palladium metal. We showed that the in situ electrochemical loading of deuterium into the palladium target resulted in a 15(2)% increase in deuterium–deuterium fusion rates. This experiment shows how the electrochemical loading of a metal target at the electronvolt energy scale can affect nuclear reactions at the megaelectronvolt energy scale. A benchtop fusion reactor, called the Thunderbird Reactor, is described, showing that electrochemically loading a metal lattice with deuterium could enhance nuclear fusion rates when that metal is also bombarded by deuterium ions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Kuo-Yi and Maiwald, Jannis and Schauer, Phil A. and Issinski, Sergey and Garcia, Fatima H. and Oldford, Ryan and Egoriti, Luca and Higashino, Shota and Vakili, Aref E. and Wen, Yunzhou and Koh, Joseph Z. X. and Schenkel, Thomas and Stolar, Monika and Brown, Amanda K. and Berlinguette, Curtis P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09042-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {640-645}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrochemical loading enhances deuterium fusion rates in a metal target}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extremely stripped supernova reveals a silicon and sulfur formation site. NATURE, 644(8077), 634-639. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stars are initially powered by the fusion of hydrogen to helium. These ashes serve as fuel in a series of stages1–3, transforming massive stars into a structure of shells. These are composed of natal hydrogen on the outside and consecutively heavier compositions inside, predicted to be dominated by He, C/O, O/Ne/Mg and O/Si/S (refs. 4,5). Silicon and sulfur are fused into iron, leading to the collapse of the core and either a supernova explosion or the formation of a black hole6–9. Stripped stars, in which the outer hydrogen layer has been removed and the internal He-rich or even the C/O layer below it is exposed10, provide evidence for this shell structure and the cosmic element production mechanism it reflects. The supernova types that arise from stripped stars embedded in shells of circumstellar material (CSM) confirm this scenario11–15. However, direct evidence for the most interior shells, which are responsible for producing elements heavier than oxygen, is lacking. Here we report the discovery of the supernova (SN) 2021yfj resulting from a star stripped to its O/Si/S-rich layer. We directly observe a thick, massive Si/S-rich shell, expelled by the progenitor shortly before the supernova explosion. Exposing such an inner stellar layer is theoretically challenging and probably requires a rarely observed mass-loss mechanism. This rare supernova event reveals advanced stages of stellar evolution, forming heavier elements, including silicon, sulfur and argon, than those detected on the surface of any known class of massive stars. Observations of SN 2021yfj reveal that its progenitor is a massive star stripped down to its O/Si/S core, which remarkably continued to expel vast quantities of silicon-, sulfur-, and argon-rich material before the explosion, informing us that current theories for how stars evolve are too narrow.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schulze, Steve and Gal-Yam, Avishay and Dessart, Luc and Miller, Adam A. and Woosley, Stan E. and Yang, Yi and Bulla, Mattia and Yaron, Ofer and Sollerman, Jesper and Filippenko, Alexei V. and Hinds, K-Ryan and Perley, Daniel A. and Tsuna, Daichi and Lunnan, Ragnhild and Sarin, Nikhil and Brennan, Seán J. and Brink, Thomas G. and Bruch, Rachel J. and Chen, Ping and Das, Kaustav K. and Dhawan, Suhail and Fransson, Claes and Fremling, Christoffer and Gangopadhyay, Anjasha and Irani, Ido and Jerkstrand, Anders and Knežević, Nikola and Kushnir, Doron and Maeda, Keiichi and Maguire, Kate and Ofek, Eran and Omand, Conor M. B. and Qin, Yu-Jing and Sharma, Yashvi and Sit, Tawny and Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. and Strothjohann, Nora L. and Takei, Yuki and Waxman, Eli and Yan, Lin and Yao, Yuhan and Zheng, WeiKang and Zimmerman, Erez A. and Bellm, Eric C. and Coughlin, Michael W. and Masci, Frank J. and Purdum, Josiah and Rigault, Mickaël and Wold, Avery and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09375-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {634-639}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extremely stripped supernova reveals a silicon and sulfur formation site}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emerging evidence of abrupt changes in the antarctic environment. NATURE, 644(8077), 621-633. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human-caused climate change worsens with every increment of additional warming, although some impacts can develop abruptly. The potential for abrupt changes is far less understood in the Antarctic compared with the Arctic, but evidence is emerging for rapid, interacting and sometimes self-perpetuating changes in the Antarctic environment. A regime shift has reduced Antarctic sea-ice extent far below its natural variability of past centuries, and in some respects is more abrupt, non-linear and potentially irreversible than Arctic sea-ice loss. A marked slowdown in Antarctic Overturning Circulation is expected to intensify this century and may be faster than the anticipated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown. The tipping point for unstoppable ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could be exceeded even under best-case CO2 emission reduction pathways, potentially initiating global tipping cascades. Regime shifts are occurring in Antarctic and Southern Ocean biological systems through habitat transformation or exceedance of physiological thresholds, and compounding breeding failures are increasing extinction risk. Amplifying feedbacks are common between these abrupt changes in the Antarctic environment, and stabilizing Earth’s climate with minimal overshoot of 1.5 °C will be imperative alongside global adaptation measures to minimise and prepare for the far-reaching impacts of Antarctic and Southern Ocean abrupt changes. Abrupt changes are developing across Antarctica’s ice, ocean and biological systems; some of these changes are intensifying faster than equivalent Arctic changes, potentially irreversibly, and their interactions are expected to worsen other impacts across the Antarctic environment and global climate system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abram, Nerilie J. and Purich, Ariaan and England, Matthew H. and McCormack, Felicity S. and Strugnell, Jan M. and Bergstrom, Dana M. and Vance, Tessa R. and Stål, Tobias and Wienecke, Barbara and Heil, Petra and Doddridge, Edward W. and Sallée, Jean-Baptiste and Williams, Thomas J. and Reading, Anya M. and Mackintosh, Andrew and Reese, Ronja and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Klose, Ann Kristin and Boyd, Philip W. and Chown, Steven L. and Robinson, Sharon A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09349-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {621-633}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emerging evidence of abrupt changes in the antarctic environment}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The curious case of how bird wrists evolved. NATURE, 644(8077), 619-620. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Wrist evolution helped birds to conquer the air. Fossil data and analysis of a modern bird’s development reveal that this evolution preceded bird origins Wrist evolution helped birds to conquer the air. Fossil data and analysis of a modern bird’s development reveal that this evolution preceded bird origins}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Xing}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02055-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {619-620}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The curious case of how bird wrists evolved}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Teacher defies ban on evolution education in the 1920s. NATURE, 644(8077), 619. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {John Scopes convicted for teaching human evolution, and a discussion of international collaboration in X-ray astronomy, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02430-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {619}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Teacher defies ban on evolution education in the 1920s}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dying star reveals its inner structure. NATURE, 644(8077), 617-619. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A star that was stripped of its outer layers shortly before it exploded as a supernova offers astronomers an unprecedented glimpse of a stellar interior. A star that was stripped of its outer layers shortly before it exploded as a supernova offers astronomers an unprecedented glimpse of a stellar interior.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nugent, Anya and Nugent, Peter}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02425-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {617-619}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dying star reveals its inner structure}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Weight loss alters adipose tissue beyond just reducing fat. NATURE, 644(8077), 616-617. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cellular changes to adipose tissue after weight-loss surgery could point to pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of this procedure. Cellular changes to adipose tissue after weight-loss surgery could point to pathways responsible for the metabolic benefits of this procedure.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rosen, Evan D. and Emont, Margo P.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02056-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {616-617}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Weight loss alters adipose tissue beyond just reducing fat}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Low-energy nuclear fusion boosted by electrochemistry. NATURE, 644(8077), 614-615. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electrochemistry can boost processes that trap atoms inside a metal. A reactor uses these trapped atoms, combined with an ion beam, as fuel for nuclear fusion. Electrochemistry can boost processes that trap atoms inside a metal. A reactor uses these trapped atoms, combined with an ion beam, as fuel for nuclear fusion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McKeown-Green, Amy and Dionne, Jennifer A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02254-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {614-615}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Low-energy nuclear fusion boosted by electrochemistry}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 3D printing offers a way to study mimicry by insects. NATURE, 644(8077), 613-614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Predation experiments using models of edible flies and stinging wasps provide some answers to a long-standing evolutionary puzzle in mimicry research. Predation experiments using models of edible flies and stinging wasps provide some answers to a long-standing evolutionary puzzle in mimicry research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sherratt, Thomas N. and Loeffler-Henry, Karl}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01766-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {613-614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {3D printing offers a way to study mimicry by insects}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). African countries must rethink health-care financing. NATURE, 644(8077), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kaseya, Jean and Dereje, Nebiyu and Tajudeen, Raji and Ngongo, Ngashi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02663-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {African countries must rethink health-care financing}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s hydropower megaproject breaks ground. NATURE, 644(8077), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feng, Rui and Fan, Kejia and Zhao, Yongjun and Qi, Zhuangzhou}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02664-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s hydropower megaproject breaks ground}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Study protected waters newly opened up to fishing. NATURE, 644(8077), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Villagomez, Angelo and Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten and Sullivan-Stack, Jenna and Johnson, Steven Mana’oakamai}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02665-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Study protected waters newly opened up to fishing}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Include indigenous knowledge systems in climate reports. NATURE, 644(8077), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moggridge, Bradley and Mosby, Vinnitta and Creamer, Sandra and Lansbury, Nina}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02666-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Include indigenous knowledge systems in climate reports}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Battery prices are falling, so why are electric cars still so expensive?. NATURE, 644(8077), 608-610. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Policies incentivizing electrified transport don’t seem to be working. Here’s what we need to do. Policies incentivizing electrified transport don’t seem to be working. Here’s what we need to do.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Woodley, Lucas and See, Chung Yi and Nunes, Ashley}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02619-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {608-610}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Battery prices are falling, so why are electric cars still so expensive?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protect antarctica — Or risk accelerating planetary meltdown. NATURE, 644(8077), 605-607. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To keep Earth habitable, humanity must recognize the value of Antarctica and seek to save it from irreversible damage. To keep Earth habitable, humanity must recognize the value of Antarctica and seek to save it from irreversible damage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kubiszewski, Ida and Costanza, Robert and Fulton, Elizabeth A. and King, Matt A. and Leane, Elizabeth and Stoeckl, Natalie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02618-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {605-607}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protect antarctica — Or risk accelerating planetary meltdown}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Margaret boden obituary: Cognitive scientist who explored how machines might emulate human imagination. NATURE, 644(8077), 603. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pioneering artificial-intelligence scholar, whose influential work bridged cognitive science, philosophy and computer science. Pioneering artificial-intelligence scholar, whose influential work bridged cognitive science, philosophy and computer science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bryson, Joanna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02548-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {603}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Margaret boden obituary: Cognitive scientist who explored how machines might emulate human imagination}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Swift bricks, ancient tattoos and more: Books in brief. NATURE, 644(8077), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02556-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Swift bricks, ancient tattoos and more: Books in brief}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why amphibious, wet environments hold the key to climate adaptation. NATURE, 644(8077), 601-602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the planet braces for climate-change-induced fluctuations, the wisdom of communities living at the intersection of land and water could offer valuable lessons. As the planet braces for climate-change-induced fluctuations, the wisdom of communities living at the intersection of land and water could offer valuable lessons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ananya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02617-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {601-602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why amphibious, wet environments hold the key to climate adaptation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What counts as plagiarism? AI-generated papers pose new risks. NATURE, 644(8077), 598-600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers argue over whether ‘novel’ AI-generated works use others’ ideas without credit. Researchers argue over whether ‘novel’ AI-generated works use others’ ideas without credit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ananya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02616-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {598-600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What counts as plagiarism? AI-generated papers pose new risks}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). People are having fewer babies: Is it really the end of the world?. NATURE, 644(8077), 594-596. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Steep population declines in most countries are expected to have negative impacts over the next several generations, but adaptation is possible. Steep population declines in most countries are expected to have negative impacts over the next several generations, but adaptation is possible.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peeples, Lynne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02615-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {594-596}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {People are having fewer babies: Is it really the end of the world?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Outrage over trump team’s climate report spurs researchers to fight back. NATURE, 644(8077), 591-592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The authors welcome ‘serious’ scientific rebuttals to report that some say misrepresents decades of climate science. The authors welcome ‘serious’ scientific rebuttals to report that some say misrepresents decades of climate science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02505-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {591-592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Outrage over trump team’s climate report spurs researchers to fight back}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI content is tainting preprints: How moderators are fighting back. NATURE, 644(8077), 590-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Preprint servers are seeing a rise in submissions seemingly produced by paper mills or with help from AI tools. Preprint servers are seeing a rise in submissions seemingly produced by paper mills or with help from AI tools.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Watson, Traci}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02469-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {590-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI content is tainting preprints: How moderators are fighting back}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Alien planet glimpsed in star’s ‘habitable zone’. NATURE, 644(8077), 589-590. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A smudge of light spotted by the James Webb telescope near Alpha Centauri A could be the planet with the tightest orbit ever to be imaged directly. A smudge of light spotted by the James Webb telescope near Alpha Centauri A could be the planet with the tightest orbit ever to be imaged directly.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02549-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {589-590}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Alien planet glimpsed in star’s ‘habitable zone’}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). OpenAI launches reasoning LLM that you can download and tweak. NATURE, 644(8077), 588-589. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One version of the gpt-oss large language model can run on a laptop, and performs nearly as well as the company’s most powerful models. One version of the gpt-oss large language model can run on a laptop, and performs nearly as well as the company’s most powerful models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02495-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {588-589}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {OpenAI launches reasoning LLM that you can download and tweak}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Summer 2025 is roasting hot: These charts show why it matters. NATURE, 644(8077), 586-588. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data reveal how this year’s back-to-back heatwaves are affecting populations and economies across Europe. Data reveal how this year’s back-to-back heatwaves are affecting populations and economies across Europe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02553-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {586-588}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Summer 2025 is roasting hot: These charts show why it matters}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump order gives political appointees vast powers over research grants. NATURE, 644(8077), 585-586. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are alarmed that the move might upend a long-standing tradition of peer-review for grants. Researchers are alarmed that the move might upend a long-standing tradition of peer-review for grants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02557-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {585-586}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump order gives political appointees vast powers over research grants}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Astronomers gave up this comet for dead — But they were wrong. NATURE, 644(8077), 583. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An icy body proved itself a survivor by reappearing in telescope images after passing close to the Sun. An icy body proved itself a survivor by reappearing in telescope images after passing close to the Sun.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02561-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {583}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Astronomers gave up this comet for dead — But they were wrong}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mysterious coffee species turns out to be a blend. NATURE, 644(8077), 583. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A coffee variety called liberica, which is gaining popularity for the distinctive flavour of its beans, is actually three species. A coffee variety called liberica, which is gaining popularity for the distinctive flavour of its beans, is actually three species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02562-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {583}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mysterious coffee species turns out to be a blend}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient coins unveil web of trade across southeast asia. NATURE, 644(8077), 583. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Images on first-millennium coins hint at economic relationships across the region. Images on first-millennium coins hint at economic relationships across the region.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02563-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {583}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient coins unveil web of trade across southeast asia}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Super-efficient teamwork is possible — If you’re an ant. NATURE, 644(8077), 583. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The individual workers in a crew of 15 weaver ants exert more force than a single ant working alone. The individual workers in a crew of 15 weaver ants exert more force than a single ant working alone.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02564-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {583}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Super-efficient teamwork is possible — If you’re an ant}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How citizen science can help to solve the global freshwater crisis. NATURE, 644(8077), 582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Encouraging people to test their local rivers and lakes with simple kits could spark a shift in how we manage water. Encouraging people to test their local rivers and lakes with simple kits could spark a shift in how we manage water.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Woods, Sasha}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02614-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How citizen science can help to solve the global freshwater crisis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How changes in behaviour can save lives in disasters. NATURE, 644(8077), 581. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Enabling people to take more personal responsibility for their safety can reduce the risks posed by earthquakes and floods. Enabling people to take more personal responsibility for their safety can reduce the risks posed by earthquakes and floods.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kuriyama, Shinichi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02613-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {581}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How changes in behaviour can save lives in disasters}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cancelling mRNA studies is the highest irresponsibility. NATURE, 644(8077), 579. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The rest of the world is not following the US government’s dangerous path, and will stick with the technology that helped the world out of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rest of the world is not following the US government’s dangerous path, and will stick with the technology that helped the world out of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02612-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8077}, pages = {579}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cancelling mRNA studies is the highest irresponsibility}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Human HDAC6 senses valine abundancy to regulate DNA damage. NATURE, 644(8076), E34. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jin, Jiali and Meng, Tong and Yu, Yuanyuan and Wu, Shuheng and Jiao, Chen-Chen and Song, Sihui and Li, Ya-Xu and Zhang, Yu and Zhao, Yuan-Yuan and Li, Xinran and Wang, Zixin and Liu, Yu-Fan and Huang, Runzhi and Qin, Jieling and Chen, Yihua and Cao, Hao and Tan, Xiao and Ge, Xin and Jiang, Cong and Xue, Jianhuang and Yuan, Jian and Wu, Dianqing and Wu, Wei and Jiang, Ci-Zhong and Wang, Ping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09409-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Human HDAC6 senses valine abundancy to regulate DNA damage}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment. NATURE, 644(8076), E33. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ikeda, Hideki and Kawase, Katsushige and Nishi, Tatsuya and Watanabe, Tomofumi and Takenaga, Keizo and Inozume, Takashi and Ishino, Takamasa and Aki, Sho and Lin, Jason and Kawashima, Shusuke and Nagasaki, Joji and Ueda, Youki and Suzuki, Shinichiro and Makinoshima, Hideki and Itami, Makiko and Nakamura, Yuki and Tatsumi, Yasutoshi and Suenaga, Yusuke and Morinaga, Takao and Honobe-Tabuchi, Akiko and Ohnuma, Takehiro and Kawamura, Tatsuyoshi and Umeda, Yoshiyasu and Nakamura, Yasuhiro and Kiniwa, Yukiko and Ichihara, Eiki and Hayashi, Hidetoshi and Ikeda, Jun-ichiro and Hanazawa, Toyoyuki and Toyooka, Shinichi and Mano, Hiroyuki and Suzuki, Takuji and Osawa, Tsuyoshi and Kawazu, Masahito and Togashi, Yosuke}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09408-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Early versus deferred use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer. NATURE, 644(8076), E32. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sonke, Gabe S. and van Ommen-Nijhof, Annemiek and Wortelboer, Noor and van der Noort, Vincent and Swinkels, Astrid C. P. and Blommestein, Hedwig M. and Guerrero Paez, Cristina and Mol, Linda and Beeker, Aart and Beelen, Karin and Hamming, Lisanne C. and Heijns, Joan B. and Honkoop, Aafke H. and de Jong, Paul C. and van Rossum-Schornagel, Quirine C. and van Schaik-van de Mheen, Christa and Tol, Jolien and Tromp-van Driel, Cathrien S. and Vrijaldenhoven, Suzan and van Leeuwen-Stok, A. Elise and Konings, Inge R. and Jager, Agnes}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09406-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E32}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Early versus deferred use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. NATURE, 644(8076), E31. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Gengjie and He, Peiqi and Dai, Tianli and Goh, Denise and Wang, Jiabei and Sun, Mengyuan and Wee, Felicia and Li, Fuling and Lim, Jeffrey Chun Tatt and Hao, Shuxia and Liu, Yao and Lim, Tony Kiat Hon and Ngo, Nye-Thane and Tao, Qingping and Wang, Wei and Umar, Ahitsham and Nashan, Björn and Zhang, Yongchang and Ding, Chen and Yeong, Joe and Liu, Lianxin and Sun, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09366-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial correlation in economic analysis of climate change. NATURE, 644(8076), E27-E30. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schötz, Christof}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09206-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E27-E30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial correlation in economic analysis of climate change}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Y. wang et al. reply. NATURE, 644(8076), E23-E26. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Yunxia and Hollingsworth, Peter M. and Zhai, Deli and West, Christopher D. and Green, Jonathan and Harrison, Sam and Chen, Huafang and Hurni, Kaspar and Su, Yufang and Warren-Thomas, Eleanor and Xu, Jianchu and Ahrends, Antje}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08849-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E23-E26}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Y. wang et al. reply}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rubber planting and deforestation. NATURE, 644(8076), E20-E22. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sheil, Douglas and Descals, Adrià and Meijaard, Erik and Gaveau, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08848-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E20-E22}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rubber planting and deforestation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Accuracy of rubber-related deforestation maps. NATURE, 644(8076), E13-E19. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hoang, Nguyen Tien and Potapov, Peter and Olofsson, Pontus and Kanemoto, Keiichiro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08847-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {E13-E19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Accuracy of rubber-related deforestation maps}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How does agricultural land become forest? i trek to find out. NATURE, 644(8076), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Jennifer Khattar and Yang Mei the dog trek through the forests of Taiwan to understand how they develop. Jennifer Khattar and Yang Mei the dog trek through the forests of Taiwan to understand how they develop.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tacon, Dave}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02517-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How does agricultural land become forest? i trek to find out}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Six questions to ask before jumping into a spreadsheet. NATURE, 644(8076), 569-570. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spreadsheet software can be frustrating, but adopting some helpful habits can improve its effectiveness. Spreadsheet software can be frustrating, but adopting some helpful habits can improve its effectiveness.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Melchor, Stephanie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02511-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {569-570}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Six questions to ask before jumping into a spreadsheet}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mapping and engineering RNA-driven architecture of the multiphase nucleolus. NATURE, 644(8076), 557-566. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biomolecular condensates are key features of intracellular compartmentalization1,2. As the most prominent nuclear condensate in eukaryotes, the nucleolus is a multiphase liquid-like structure in which ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed and processed, undergoing multiple maturation steps to form the small (SSU) and large (LSU) ribosomal subunits3–5. However, how rRNA processing is coupled to the layered organization of the nucleolus is poorly understood owing to a lack of tools to precisely monitor and perturb nucleolar rRNA processing dynamics. Here we developed two complementary approaches to spatiotemporally map rRNA processing and engineer de novo nucleoli. Using sequencing in parallel with imaging, we found that rRNA processing steps are spatially segregated, with sequential maturation of rRNA required for its outward movement through nucleolar phases. By generating synthetic nucleoli in cells using an engineered rDNA plasmid system, we show that defects in SSU processing can alter the ordering of nucleolar phases, resulting in inside-out nucleoli and preventing rRNA outflux, while LSU precursors are necessary to build the outermost layer of the nucleolus. These findings demonstrate how rRNA is both a scaffold and substrate for the nucleolus, with rRNA acting as a programmable blueprint for the multiphase architecture that facilitates assembly of an essential molecular machine. Spatially segregated rRNA processing dictates nucleolar morphology and drives outward progression of pre-ribosomal RNA through nucleolar phases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Quinodoz, Sofia A. and Jiang, Lifei and Abu-Alfa, Aya A. and Comi, Troy J. and Zhao, Hongbo and Yu, Qiwei and Wiesner, Lennard W. and Botello, Jordy F. and Donlic, Anita and Soehalim, Elizabeth and Bhat, Prashant and Zorbas, Christiane and Wacheul, Ludivine and Košmrlj, Andrej and Lafontaine, Denis L. J. and Klinge, Sebastian and Brangwynne, Clifford P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09207-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {557-566}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mapping and engineering RNA-driven architecture of the multiphase nucleolus}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Loss of colonic fidelity enables multilineage plasticity and metastasis. NATURE, 644(8076), 547-556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer cell plasticity enables the acquisition of new phenotypic features and is implicated as a major driver of metastatic progression1,2. Metastasis occurs mostly in the absence of additional genetic alterations3–5, which suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are important6. However, they remain poorly defined. Here we identify the chromatin-remodelling enzyme ATRX as a key regulator of colonic lineage fidelity and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Atrx loss promotes tumour invasion and metastasis, concomitant with a loss of colonic epithelial identity and the emergence of highly plastic mesenchymal and squamous-like cell states. Combined analysis of chromatin accessibility and enhancer mapping identified impairment of activity of the colonic lineage-specifying transcription factor HNF4A as a key mediator of these observed phenotypes. We identify squamous-like cells in human patient samples and a squamous-like expression signature that correlates with aggressive disease and poor patient prognosis. Collectively, our study defines the epigenetic maintenance of colonic epithelial identity by ATRX and HNF4A as suppressors of lineage plasticity and metastasis in colorectal cancer. The chromatin-remodelling enzyme ATRX and the transcription factor HNF4A are identified as pivotal regulators of colonic epithelial identity, with roles in metastasis in colorectal cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cammareri, Patrizia and Raponi, Michela and Hong, Yourae and Billard, Caroline V. and Peckett, Nat and Zhu, Yujia and Velez-Bravo, Fausto D. and Younger, Nicholas T. and Dunican, Donnchadh S. and Pohl, Sebastian Ö.-G. and Bastem Akan, Aslihan and Doleschall, Nora J. and Falconer, John and White, Mark and Quinn, Jean and Pennel, Kathryn and Garau, Roberta and Malla, Sudhir B. and Dunne, Philip D. and Meehan, Richard R. and Sansom, Owen J. and Edwards, Joanne and Dunlop, Malcolm G. and Din, Farhat V. N. and Tejpar, Sabine and Steele, Colin W. and Myant, Kevin B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09125-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {547-556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Loss of colonic fidelity enables multilineage plasticity and metastasis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy. NATURE, 644(8076), 537-546. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is effective against many cancers, although resistance remains a major issue and new strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes1–5. Here we studied ICB response in a cohort of patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma—a cancer type that poses considerable clinical challenges and lacks effective therapies6–8. We observed significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with tumours with PPP2R1A mutations. Importantly, our findings were validated in additional ICB-treated patient cohorts across multiple cancer types. Translational analyses from tumour biopsies demonstrated enhanced IFNγ signalling, and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures at the baseline, as well as enhanced immune infiltration and expansion of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells in the tumour neighbourhood after ICB treatment in PPP2R1A-mutated tumours. Parallel preclinical investigations showed that targeting PPP2R1A (by pharmacological inhibition or genetic modifications) in in vitro and in vivo models was associated with improved survival in the setting of treatment with several forms of immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and ICB. The results from these studies suggest that therapeutic targeting of PPP2R1A may represent an effective strategy to improve patient outcomes after ICB or other forms of immunotherapy, although additional mechanistic and therapeutic insights are needed. Inactivating PPP2R1A mutations correlate with better survival after immune checkpoint blockade in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma, suggesting that targeting the phosphatase 2A (PP2A) pathway may represent an effective startegy for improving responses to immunotherapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dai, Yibo and Knisely, Anne and Yano, Mitsutake and Dang, Minghao and Hinchcliff, Emily M. and Lee, Sanghoon and Welp, Annalyn and Chelvanambi, Manoj and Lastrapes, Matthew and Liu, Heng and Yuan, Zhe and Wang, Chen and Nie, Hao and Jean, Stephanie and Montaner, Luis J. and Hou, Jiakai and Patel, Ami and Patel, Shrina and Fellman, Bryan and Yuan, Ying and Sun, Baohua and Pandurengan, Renganayaki Krishna and Cuentas, Edwin Roger Parra and Celestino, Joseph and Liu, Yan and Liu, Jinsong and Hillman, R. Tyler and Westin, Shannon N. and Sood, Anil K. and Soliman, Pamela T. and Shafer, Aaron and Meyer, Larissa A. and Gershenson, David M. and Vining, David and Ganeshan, Dhakshinamoorthy and Lu, Karen and Wargo, Jennifer A. and Peng, Weiyi and Zhang, Rugang and Wang, Linghua and Jazaeri, Amir A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09203-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {537-546}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PPP2R1A mutations portend improved survival after cancer immunotherapy}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Humoral determinants of checkpoint immunotherapy. NATURE, 644(8076), 527-536. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although the role of cellular immunity in checkpoint immunotherapy (CPI) for cancer is well established1,2, the effect of antibody-mediated humoral immunity is comparably underexplored. Here we used rapid extracellular antigen profiling3 to map the autoantibody reactome within a cohort of 374 patients with cancer treated with CPIs and 131 healthy control participants for autoantibodies to 6,172 extracellular and secreted proteins (the ‘exoproteome’). Globally, patients with cancer treated with CPIs had diverse autoreactivities that were elevated relative to control individuals but changed minimally with treatment. Autoantibody signatures in patients treated with CPI strikingly distinguished them from healthy individuals. Although associations of specific autoantibodies with immune-related adverse events were sparse, we detected numerous individual autoantibodies that were associated with greatly altered odds ratios for response to therapy. These included autoantibodies to immunomodulatory proteins, such as cytokines, growth factors and immunoreceptors, as well as tumour surface proteins. Functional evaluation of several autoantibody responses indicated that they neutralized the activity of their target proteins, which included type I interferons (IFN-I), IL-6, OSM, TL1A, and BMPR1A and BMPR2. Modelling the effects of autoantibodies to IFN-I and TL1A in preclinical mouse tumour models resulted in enhanced CPI efficacy, consistent with their effects in patients. In conclusion, these findings indicate that autoantibodies to the exoproteome modify CPI responses and highlight therapeutically actionable pathways that can be exploited to augment immunotherapy. Rapid extracellular antibody profiling reveals a contribution of autoantibodies to the effectiveness of checkpoint immunotherapy for cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dai, Yile and Aizenbud, Lilach and Qin, Kai and Austin, Matthew and Jaycox, Jillian R. and Cunningham, Joseph and Wang, Eric Y. and Zhang, Lin and Fischer, Suzanne and Carroll, Sean M. and van Aggelen, Helen and Kluger, Yuval and Herold, Kevan C. and Furchtgott, Leon and Kluger, Harriet M. and Ring, Aaron M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09188-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {527-536}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Humoral determinants of checkpoint immunotherapy}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pathology-oriented multiplexing enables integrative disease mapping. NATURE, 644(8076), 516-526. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The expression and location of proteins in tissues represent key determinants of health and disease. Although recent advances in multiplexed imaging have expanded the number of spatially accessible proteins1–3, the integration of biological layers (that is, cell structure, subcellular domains and signalling activity) remains challenging. This is due to limitations in the compositions of antibody panels and image resolution, which together restrict the scope of image analysis. Here we present pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex), a scalable, quality-controlled and interpretable framework. It combines highly multiplexed imaging at subcellular resolution with a software package to extract and interpret protein co-expression patterns (clusters) across biological layers. PathoPlex was optimized to map more than 140 commercial antibodies at 80 nm per pixel across 95 iterative imaging cycles and provides pragmatic solutions to enable the simultaneous processing of at least 40 archival biopsy specimens. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we identified epithelial JUN activity as a key switch in immune-mediated kidney disease, thereby demonstrating that clusters can capture relevant pathological features. PathoPlex was then used to analyse human diabetic kidney disease. The framework linked patient-level clusters to organ disfunction and identified disease traits with therapeutic potential (that is, calcium-mediated tubular stress). Finally, PathoPlex was used to reveal renal stress-related clusters in individuals with type 2 diabetes without histological kidney disease. Moreover, tissue-based readouts were generated to assess responses to inhibitors of the glucose cotransporter SGLT2. In summary, PathoPlex paves the way towards democratizing multiplexed imaging and establishing integrative image analysis tools in complex tissues to support the development of next-generation pathology atlases. Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kuehl, Malte and Okabayashi, Yusuke and Wong, Milagros N. and Gernhold, Lukas and Gut, Gabriele and Kaiser, Nico and Schwerk, Maria and Gräfe, Stefanie K. and Ma, Frank Y. and Tanevski, Jovan and Schäfer, Philipp S. L. and Mezher, Sam and Sarabia del Castillo, Jacobo and Goldbeck-Strieder, Thiago and Zolotareva, Olga and Hartung, Michael and Delgado Chaves, Fernando M. and Klinkert, Lukas and Gnirck, Ann-Christin and Spehr, Marc and Fleck, David and Joodaki, Mehdi and Parra, Victor and Shaigan, Mina and Diebold, Martin and Prinz, Marco and Kranz, Jennifer and Kux, Johan M. and Braun, Fabian and Kretz, Oliver and Wu, Hui and Grahammer, Florian and Heins, Sven and Zimmermann, Marina and Haas, Fabian and Kylies, Dominik and Wanner, Nicola and Czogalla, Jan and Dumoulin, Bernhard and Zolotarev, Nikolay and Lindenmeyer, Maja and Karlson, Pall and Nyengaard, Jens R. and Sebode, Marcial and Weidemann, Sören and Wiech, Thorsten and Groene, Hermann-Josef and Tomas, Nicola M. and Meyer-Schwesinger, Catherine and Kuppe, Christoph and Kramann, Rafael and Karras, Alexandre and Bruneval, Patrick and Tharaux, Pierre-Louis and Pastene, Diego and Yard, Benito and Schaub, Jennifer A. and McCown, Phillip J. and Pyle, Laura and Choi, Ye Ji and Yokoo, Takashi and Baumbach, Jan and Sáez, Pablo J. and Costa, Ivan and Turner, Jan-Eric and Hodgin, Jeffrey B. and Saez-Rodriguez, Julio and Huber, Tobias B. and Bjornstad, Petter and Kretzler, Matthias and Lenoir, Olivia and Nikolic-Paterson, David J. and Pelkmans, Lucas and Bonn, Stefan and Puelles, Victor G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09225-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {516-526}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pathology-oriented multiplexing enables integrative disease mapping}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Identification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection. NATURE, 644(8076), 506-515. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most people in the USA manage their health by taking at least one prescription drug, and drugs classified as non-antibiotics can adversely affect the gut microbiome and disrupt intestinal homeostasis1,2. Here we identify medications that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal infections across a population cohort of more than one million individuals monitored over 15 years. Notably, the cardiac glycoside digoxin and other drugs identified in this epidemiological study are sufficient to alter the composition of the microbiome and the risk of infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) in mice. The effect of digoxin treatment on S. Tm infection is transmissible through the microbiome, and characterization of this interaction highlights a digoxin-responsive β-defensin that alters the microbiome composition and consequent immune surveillance of the invading pathogen. Combining epidemiological and experimental approaches thus provides an opportunity to uncover drug–host–microbiome–pathogen interactions that increase the risk of infections in humans. An analysis of prescription medications shows that several non-antibiotic drugs, such as the heart medication digoxin, can reduce the immune response to pathogens and increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections by altering the composition of the microbiome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kumar, Aman and Sun, Ruizheng and Habib, Bettina and Deng, Tong and Bencivenga-Barry, Natasha A. and Palm, Noah W. and Ivanov, Ivaylo I. and Tamblyn, Robyn and Goodman, Andrew L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09273-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {506-515}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Identification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Non-antibiotics disrupt colonization resistance against enteropathogens. NATURE, 644(8076), 497-505. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Non-antibiotic drugs can alter the composition of the gut microbiome1, but they have largely unknown implications for human health2. Here we examined how non-antibiotics affect the ability of gut commensals to resist colonization by enteropathogens3. We also developed an in vitro assay to assess enteropathogen growth in drug-perturbed microbial communities. Pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria were more resistant to non-antibiotics than commensals and their post-treatment expansion was potentiated. For 28% of the 53 drugs tested, the growth of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. (S. Tm) in synthetic and human stool-derived communities was increased, and similar effects were observed for other enteropathogens. Non-antibiotics promoted pathogen proliferation by inhibiting the growth of commensals, altering microbial interactions and enhancing the ability of S. Tm to exploit metabolic niches. Drugs that promoted pathogen expansion in vitro increased the intestinal S. Tm load in mice. For the antihistamine terfenadine, drug-induced disruption of colonization resistance accelerated disease onset and increased inflammation caused by S. Tm. Our findings identify non-antibiotics as previously overlooked risk factors that may contribute to the development of enteric infections. Non-antibiotic drugs from a wide range of therapeutic classes can alter the ability of gut commensals to resist invasion by enteropathogens, a previously underappreciated side effect of such drugs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Grießhammer, Anne and de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, Jacobo and Müller, Patrick and Gekeler, Cordula and Homolak, Jan and Chang, Hsuan and Schmitt, Katharina and Planker, Chiara and Schmidtchen, Verena and Gallage, Suchira and Bohn, Erwin and Nguyen, Taylor H. and Hetzer, Jenny and Heikenwälder, Mathias and Huang, Kerwyn Casey and Zahir, Taiyeb and Maier, Lisa}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09217-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {497-505}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Non-antibiotics disrupt colonization resistance against enteropathogens}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electron flow in hydrogenotrophic methanogens under nickel limitation. NATURE, 644(8076), 490-496. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Methanogenic archaea are the main producers of the potent greenhouse gas methane1,2. In the methanogenic pathway from CO2 and H2 studied under laboratory conditions, low-potential electrons for CO2 reduction are generated by a flavin-based electron-bifurcation reaction catalysed by heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr) complexed with the associated [NiFe]-hydrogenase (Mvh)3–5. F420-reducing [NiFe]-hydrogenase (Frh) provides electrons to the methanogenic pathway through the electron carrier F420 (ref. 6). Here we report that under strictly nickel-limited conditions, in which the nickel concentration is similar to those often observed in natural habitats7–11, the production of both [NiFe]-hydrogenases in Methanothermobacter marburgensis is strongly downregulated. The Frh reaction is substituted by a coupled reaction with [Fe]-hydrogenase (Hmd), and the role of Mvh is taken over by F420-dependent electron-donating proteins (Elp). Thus, Hmd provides all electrons for the reducing metabolism under these nickel-limited conditions. Biochemical and structural characterization of Elp–Hdr complexes confirms the electronic interaction between Elp and Hdr. The conservation of the genes encoding Elp and Hmd in CO2-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens suggests that the Hmd system is an alternative pathway for electron flow in CO2-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens under nickel-limited conditions. Two distantly related methanogens shift the methanogenic pathway under nickel limitation, suggesting that methanogens adapt to changing bioavailability of nickel by rerouting electron flow between two different pathways.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nomura, Shunsuke and San Segundo-Acosta, Pablo and Protasov, Evgenii and Kaneko, Masanori and Kahnt, Jörg and Murphy, Bonnie J. and Shima, Seigo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09229-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {490-496}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electron flow in hydrogenotrophic methanogens under nickel limitation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plants monitor the integrity of their barrier by sensing gas diffusion. NATURE, 644(8076), 483-489. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Barrier tissues isolate organisms from their surrounding environment. Maintaining the integrity of the tissues is essential for this function. In many seed plants, periderm forms as the outer barrier during secondary growth to prevent water loss and pathogen infection1. The periderm is regenerated when its integrity is lost following injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown, despite its importance for plant survival. Here we report that periderm integrity in Arabidopsis roots is sensed by diffusion of the gases ethylene and oxygen. Following injury of the periderm, ethylene leaks out through the wound and oxygen enters, resulting in attenuation of ethylene signalling and hypoxia signalling. This condition promotes periderm regeneration in the root. When regeneration is complete and barrier integrity is re-established, pre-injury levels of ethylene and hypoxia signalling are regained. Gas diffusion monitoring is also used to re-establish the barrier in inflorescence stems after the epidermis is injured. We thus propose that gas diffusion is used by plants as a general principle to monitor and re-establish barrier integrity. A study using Arabidopsis shows that plants can monitor the integrity of their outer barriers by sensing gas diffusion, enabling them to initiate wound repair to prevent water loss and pathogen entry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Iida, Hiroyuki and Abreu, Isidro and López Ortiz, Jennifer and Peralta Ogorek, Lucas León and Shukla, Vinay and Mäkelä, Meeri and Lyu, Munan and Shapiguzov, Alexey and Licausi, Francesco and Mähönen, Ari Pekka}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09223-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {483-489}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plants monitor the integrity of their barrier by sensing gas diffusion}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mouse liver assembloids model periportal architecture and biliary fibrosis. NATURE, 644(8076), 473-482. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modelling liver disease in vitro requires systems that replicate disease progression1,2. Current tissue-derived organoids do not reproduce the complex cellular composition and tissue architecture observed in vivo3. Here, we describe a multicellular organoid system composed of adult hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and mesenchymal cells that recapitulates the architecture of the liver periportal region and, when manipulated, models aspects of cholestatic injury and biliary fibrosis. We first generate reproducible hepatocyte organoids with a functional bile canaliculi network that retain morphological features of in vivo tissue. By combining these with cholangiocytes and portal fibroblasts, we generate assembloids that mimic the cellular interactions of the periportal region. Assembloids are functional, consistently draining bile from bile canaliculi into the bile duct. Of note, manipulating the relative number of portal mesenchymal cells is sufficient to induce a fibrotic-like state, independently of an immune compartment. By generating chimeric assembloids of mutant and wild-type cells, or after gene knockdown, we show proof of concept that our system is amenable to investigating gene function and cell-autonomous mechanisms. Together, we demonstrate that liver assembloids represent a suitable in vitro system to study bile canaliculi formation, bile drainage and how different cell types contribute to cholestatic disease and biliary fibrosis in an all-in-one model. An organoid system comprising adult mouse hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and mesenchymal cells recapitulates liver morphology, biliary function and fibrotic pathology, providing a new model for studies of hepatic biology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dowbaj, Anna M. and Sljukic, Aleksandra and Niksic, Armin and Landerer, Cedric and Delpierre, Julien and Yang, Haochen and Lahree, Aparajita and Kühn, Ariane C. and Beers, David and Byrne, Helen M. and Seifert, Sarah and Harrington, Heather A. and Zerial, Marino and Huch, Meritxell}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09183-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {473-482}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mouse liver assembloids model periportal architecture and biliary fibrosis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Preoptic EP3R neurons constitute a two-way switch for fever and torpor. NATURE, 644(8076), 463-472. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many species use a temporary decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate (torpor) as a strategy to survive food scarcity in a cool environment. Torpor is caused by preoptic neurons that express a variety of peptides and receptors1–7, but no single genetic marker has been found for this population. Here we report that expression of the prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3R) marks a unique population of median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) neurons that are required for both torpor and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever8. The MnPO-EP3R neurons produce persistent fever responses when inhibited and prolonged hypothermic responses when activated either chemogenetically or optogenetically, even for brief periods of time. The mechanism for these prolonged responses appears to involve increases in intracellular levels of cAMP and calcium that may persist for many minutes up to hours beyond the termination of a stimulus. These properties endow the population of MnPO-EP3R neurons with the ability to act as a two-way switch for the hypothermic and hyperthermic responses that are required for survival. Neurons in the median preoptic nucleus that express the prostaglandin EP3 receptor produce prolonged hypothermic responses or hyperthermic responses, respectively, following brief activation or inhibition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Machado, Natalia L. S. and Lynch, Nicole and Costa, Luis H. A. and Melville, David and Kucukdereli, Hakan and Kaur, Satvinder and Banks, Alexander S. and Raffin, Francesca and Ramirez-Plascencia, Oscar D. and Aten, Sydney and Lima, Janayna D. and Bandaru, Sathyajit S. and Palmiter, Richard D. and Saper, Clifford B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09056-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {463-472}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Preoptic EP3R neurons constitute a two-way switch for fever and torpor}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular gradients shape synaptic specificity of a visuomotor transformation. NATURE, 644(8076), 453-462. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How does the brain convert visual input into specific motor actions1,2? In Drosophila, visual projection neurons (VPNs)3,4 perform this visuomotor transformation by converting retinal positional information into synapse number in the brain5. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unknown. We addressed this issue in LPLC2 (ref. 6), a VPN type that detects looming motion and preferentially drives escape behaviour to stimuli approaching from the dorsal visual field with progressively weaker responses ventrally. This correlates with a dorsoventral gradient of synaptic inputs into and outputs from LPLC2. Here we report that LPLC2 neurons sampling different regions of visual space exhibit graded expression of cell recognition molecules matching these synaptic gradients. Dpr13 shapes LPLC2 outputs by binding DIP-ε in premotor descending neurons mediating escape. Beat-VI shapes LPLC2 inputs by binding Side-II in upstream motion-detecting neurons. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments show that these molecular gradients act instructively to determine synapse number. These patterns, in turn, fine-tune the perception of the stimulus and drive the behavioural response. Similar transcriptomic variation within neuronal types is observed in the vertebrate brain7 and may shape synapse number via gradients of cell recognition molecules acting through both genetically hard-wired programs and experience. Gradients of cell recognition molecules wire a sensorimotor interface in Drosophila.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dombrovski, Mark and Zang, Yixin and Frighetto, Giovanni and Vaccari, Andrea and Jang, HyoJong and Mirshahidi, Parmis S. and Xie, Fangming and Sanfilippo, Piero and Hina, Bryce W. and Rehan, Aadil and Hussein, Roni H. and Mirshahidi, Pegah S. and Lee, Catherine and Morris, Aileen and Frye, Mark A. and von Reyn, Catherine R. and Kurmangaliyev, Yerbol Z. and Card, Gwyneth M. and Zipursky, S. Lawrence}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09037-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {453-462}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular gradients shape synaptic specificity of a visuomotor transformation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural variation in 1,019 diverse humans based on long-read sequencing. NATURE, 644(8076), 442-452. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genomic structural variants (SVs) contribute substantially to genetic diversity and human diseases1–4, yet remain under-characterized in population-scale cohorts5. Here we conducted long-read sequencing6 in 1,019 humans to construct an intermediate-coverage resource covering 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Integrating linear and graph genome-based analyses, we uncover over 100,000 sequence-resolved biallelic SVs and we genotype 300,000 multiallelic variable number of tandem repeats7, advancing SV characterization over short-read-based population-scale surveys3,4. We characterize deletions, duplications, insertions and inversions in distinct populations. Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) and SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposition activities mediate the transduction8,9 of unique sequence stretches in 5′ or 3′, depending on source mobile element class and locus. SV breakpoint analyses point to a spectrum of homology-mediated processes contributing to SV formation and recurrent deletion events. Our open-access resource underscores the value of long-read sequencing in advancing SV characterization and enables guiding variant prioritization in patient genomes. Intermediate-coverage long-read sequencing in 1,019 diverse humans from the 1000 Genomes Project, representing 26 populations, enables the generation of comprehensive population-scale structural variant catalogues comprising common and rare alleles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schloissnig, Siegfried and Pani, Samarendra and Ebler, Jana and Hain, Carsten and Tsapalou, Vasiliki and Söylev, Arda and Hüther, Patrick and Ashraf, Hufsah and Prodanov, Timofey and Asparuhova, Mila and Magalhães, Hugo and Höps, Wolfram and Sotelo-Fonseca, Jesus Emiliano and Fitzgerald, Tomas and Santana-Garcia, Walter and Moreira-Pinhal, Ricardo and Hunt, Sarah and Pérez-Llanos, Francy J. and Wollenweber, Tassilo Erik and Sivalingam, Sugirthan and Wieczorek, Dagmar and Cáceres, Mario and Gilissen, Christian and Birney, Ewan and Ding, Zhihao and Jensen, Jan Nygaard and Podduturi, Nikhil and Stutzki, Jan and Rodriguez-Martin, Bernardo and Rausch, Tobias and Marschall, Tobias and Korbel, Jan O.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09290-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {442-452}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural variation in 1,019 diverse humans based on long-read sequencing}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complex genetic variation in nearly complete human genomes. NATURE, 644(8076), 430-441. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Diverse sets of complete human genomes are required to construct a pangenome reference and to understand the extent of complex structural variation. Here we sequence 65 diverse human genomes and build 130 haplotype-resolved assemblies (median continuity of 130 Mb), closing 92% of all previous assembly gaps1,2 and reaching telomere-to-telomere status for 39% of the chromosomes. We highlight complete sequence continuity of complex loci, including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), SMN1/SMN2, NBPF8 and AMY1/AMY2, and fully resolve 1,852 complex structural variants. In addition, we completely assemble and validate 1,246 human centromeres. We find up to 30-fold variation in α-satellite higher-order repeat array length and characterize the pattern of mobile element insertions into α-satellite higher-order repeat arrays. Although most centromeres predict a single site of kinetochore attachment, epigenetic analysis suggests the presence of two hypomethylated regions for 7% of centromeres. Combining our data with the draft pangenome reference1 significantly enhances genotyping accuracy from short-read data, enabling whole-genome inference3 to a median quality value of 45. Using this approach, 26,115 structural variants per individual are detected, substantially increasing the number of structural variants now amenable to downstream disease association studies. Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Logsdon, Glennis A. and Ebert, Peter and Audano, Peter A. and Loftus, Mark and Porubsky, David and Ebler, Jana and Yilmaz, Feyza and Hallast, Pille and Prodanov, Timofey and Yoo, DongAhn and Paisie, Carolyn A. and Harvey, William T. and Zhao, Xuefang and Martino, Gianni V. and Henglin, Mir and Munson, Katherine M. and Rabbani, Keon and Chin, Chen-Shan and Gu, Bida and Ashraf, Hufsah and Scholz, Stephan and Austine-Orimoloye, Olanrewaju and Balachandran, Parithi and Bonder, Marc Jan and Cheng, Haoyu and Chong, Zechen and Crabtree, Jonathan and Gerstein, Mark and Guethlein, Lisbeth A. and Hasenfeld, Patrick and Hickey, Glenn and Hoekzema, Kendra and Hunt, Sarah E. and Jensen, Matthew and Jiang, Yunzhe and Koren, Sergey and Kwon, Youngjun and Li, Chong and Li, Heng and Li, Jiaqi and Norman, Paul J. and Oshima, Keisuke K. and Paten, Benedict and Phillippy, Adam M. and Pollock, Nicholas R. and Rausch, Tobias and Rautiainen, Mikko and Song, Yuwei and Söylev, Arda and Sulovari, Arvis and Surapaneni, Likhitha and Tsapalou, Vasiliki and Zhou, Weichen and Zhou, Ying and Zhu, Qihui and Zody, Michael C. and Mills, Ryan E. and Devine, Scott E. and Shi, Xinghua and Talkowski, Michael E. and Chaisson, Mark J. P. and Dilthey, Alexander T. and Konkel, Miriam K. and Korbel, Jan O. and Lee, Charles and Beck, Christine R. and Eichler, Evan E. and Marschall, Tobias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09140-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {430-441}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complex genetic variation in nearly complete human genomes}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Decoding 4-vinylanisole biosynthesis and pivotal enzymes in locusts. NATURE, 644(8076), 420-429. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aggregation pheromone, 4-vinylanisole (4VA), is specifically released by gregarious migratory locusts, and is crucial in forming locust swarms that cause destructive plagues1. Control of locust plagues relies heavily on the extensive application of chemical pesticides, which has led to severe environmental and health issues2. As pheromones are primary mediators of insect communication and behaviour3, exploring their biosynthesis can provide important cues to develop innovative behavioural regulators, potentially reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. Here we resolve the biosynthesis of 4VA and behavioural responses of locusts when enzymes in the 4VA biosynthetic pathway are manipulated. The process initiates with phenylalanine derived from food plants and proceeds through three precursors: cinnamic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-vinylphenol (4VP). Notably, the conversion from 4VP to 4VA through methylation is unique to gregarious locusts. This step is catalysed by two crucial methyltransferases, 4VPMT1 and 4VPMT2. Guided by the X-ray co-crystal structure of 4VPMT2 bound with 4VP and S-adenosyl-l-methionine, we developed 4-nitrophenol as a substrate surrogate. We identified several chemicals that can block 4VA production by inhibiting the enzymatic activities of 4VPMT proteins, thereby suppressing locust aggregative behaviour. The findings uncover the chemical logic behind 4VA biosynthesis and pinpoint two crucial enzymes as novel targets for locust swarm management. In locusts, the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole is derived from dietary phenylalanine, and its production is dependent on two 4-vinylphenol methyltransferases that are potential targets for locust pest control.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Xiaojiao and Gao, Lei and Li, Shiwei and Gao, Jing and Wang, Yuanyuan and Lv, Jing and Wei, Jiayi and Yang, Jing and Ke, Han and Ding, Qi and Yang, Jun and Guo, Fusheng and Zhang, Haowen and Lei, Xiaoguang and Kang, Le}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09110-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {420-429}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Decoding 4-vinylanisole biosynthesis and pivotal enzymes in locusts}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A global humidity index with lateral hydrologic flows. NATURE, 644(8076), 413-419. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The aridity index is widely used to indicate water availability on land. Balancing climatic water supply (precipitation, P) against demand (potential evapotranspiration, PET), it is often expressed as the P/PET ratio1 or humidity index. Water also flows laterally by rivers and groundwater, from hills to valleys and from mountains to plains, subsidizing the receiving lowlands2. Here, we show that this lateral subsidy reduces aridity in the receiving lowlands. We first estimate monthly subsidies (Qlat) by surface and groundwater at 30″ global grids with a global hydrology model. We then calculate the conventional global humidity index (GHI) as P/PET and a new GHI including Qlat as (P + Qlat)/PET. Termed GHI_topo, the latter reflects land topography, higher in hydrologically convergent lowlands. It also exhibits a delayed and dampened seasonality (relative to P) owing to delayed and diffused Qlat arrival at the receiving lowlands. Such spatiotemporal features of Qlat, arising from both the climate and the terrain, make GHI_topo a more realistic indicator of local water availability in downgradient societies and ecosystems, enabling life in arid locations and times. Global land area with GHI_topo ≥ 1 (supply meets or exceeds demand) is 33% greater than GHI ≥ 1 and far higher in arid and season-arid climates. Estimating lateral subsidies by river and groundwater using a global hydrology model and incorporating them into the conventional global humidity index reduces aridity in the receiving lowlands and better explains ecosystem patterns.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo and Fan, Ying}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09359-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {413-419}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A global humidity index with lateral hydrologic flows}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Calving-driven fjord dynamics resolved by seafloor fibre sensing. NATURE, 644(8076), 404-412. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Interactions between melting ice and a warming ocean drive the present-day retreat of tidewater glaciers of Greenland1–3, with consequences for both sea level rise4 and the global climate system5. Controlling glacier frontal ablation, these ice–ocean interactions involve chains of small-scale processes that link glacier calving—the detachment of icebergs6—and submarine melt to the broader fjord dynamics7,8. However, understanding these processes remains limited, in large part due to the challenge of making targeted observations in hazardous environments near calving fronts with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution9. Here we show that iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves. Our observations are based on front-proximal submarine fibre sensing of the iceberg calving process chain. In this chain, calving initiates with persistent ice fracturing that coalesces into iceberg detachment, which in turn excites local tsunamis, internal gravity waves and transient currents at the ice front before the icebergs eventually decay into fragments. Our observations show previously unknown pathways in which tidewater glaciers interact with a warming ocean and help close the ice front ablation budget, which current models struggle to do10. These insights provide new process-scale understanding pertinent to retreating tidewater glaciers around the globe. Iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gräff, Dominik and Lipovsky, Bradley Paul and Vieli, Andreas and Dachauer, Armin and Jackson, Rebecca and Farinotti, Daniel and Schmale, Julia and Ampuero, Jean-Paul and Berg, Eric and Dannowski, Anke and Kneib-Walter, Andrea and Köpfli, Manuela and Kopp, Heidrun and van der Loo, Enrico and Mata Flores, Daniel and Mercerat, Diego and Moser, Raphael and Sladen, Anthony and Walter, Fabian and Wasser, Diego and Welty, Ethan and Wetter, Selina and Williams, Ethan F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09347-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {404-412}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Calving-driven fjord dynamics resolved by seafloor fibre sensing}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Large riverbed sediment flux sustained for a decade after an earthquake. NATURE, 644(8076), 398-403. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Large earthquakes induce widespread landslides that fill river channels with sediment1,2, generating long-lasting fluvial hazards and reshaping mountain topography. However, riverine sediment fluxes after earthquakes remain poorly resolved, mostly because of a lack of data on bedload flux3,4. Here we construct a source-to-sink sediment budget following the 2008 Mw7.9 (where Mw is the moment magnitude) Wenchuan earthquake in the eastern Tibetan mountains. We measured sediment accumulation in a man-made reservoir downstream of the earthquake-affected region. Ten years after the earthquake, the Min Jiang River had exported about 9% of the sediment mass from earthquake-triggered landslides, with around 5.7 times increase in the total riverine sediment flux sustained over that time. Bedload flux increased by $${27.4}_{-15.6}^{+14.6} \% $$ times compared with pre-earthquake levels, making up $$6{5}_{-26}^{+12} \% $$ of the post-earthquake sediment export—a proportion much higher than typical of most mountainous rivers. At the current pace, the river system will remove most Wenchuan landslide debris over centennial timescales. However, future sediment export rates are likely to vary because of changes on hillslopes (for example, revegetation) and in hydrology, sediment characteristics and transport processes. Our findings demonstrate a decadal bedload-dominated sediment pulse driven by earthquake-triggered landslides, suggesting that increased vulnerability to cascading hazards such as aggradation and flooding could persist for decades in populated downstream regions after a large earthquake. Bedload can dominate river sediment flux after a major earthquake for a prolonged time period.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Gen K. and West, A. Joshua and Jin, Zhangdong and Qiu, Hongrui and Zhang, Fei and Wang, Jin and Hammond, Douglas E. and Densmore, Alexander L. and Hilton, Robert G. and Dong, Sijia and Atwood, Abra and Fischer, Woodward W. and Lamb, Michael P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09354-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {398-403}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Large riverbed sediment flux sustained for a decade after an earthquake}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extreme river flood exposes latent erosion risk. NATURE, 644(8076), 391-397. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of river floods1. Floods not only cause damage by inundation and loss of life2,3 but also jeopardize infrastructure because of bank failure and riverbed erosion processes that are poorly understood. Common flood safety programmes include dyke reinforcement and river widening4–9. The 2021 flood in the Meuse Basin caused 43 fatalities and billions of dollars of damage to infrastructure10. Here, on the basis of analysis of the Meuse flood, we show how uneven widening of the river and heterogeneity of sediment deposits under the river can cause massive erosion. A recent flood safety programme widened the river11, but created bottlenecks where widening was either prevented by infrastructure or not yet implemented. Riverbed erosion was exacerbated by tectonic uplift that had produced a thin top gravel layer above fine-grained sediment. Greatly enhanced flow velocities produced underwater dunes with troughs that broke through the gravel armour in the bottlenecks, exposing easily erodible sands, resulting in extreme scour holes, one more than 15 m deep. Our investigation highlights the challenges of re-engineering rivers in the face of climate change, increased flood risks and competition for river widening space, and calls for a better understanding of the subsurface. Analysis of the 2021 Meuse River flood reveals potential erosion risks due to uneven river widening and subsoil variability, highlighting challenges for river engineering and flood mitigation in a changing climate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barneveld, H. J. and Frings, R. M. and Mosselman, E. and Venditti, J. G. and Kleinhans, M. G. and Blom, A. and Schielen, R. M. J. and Toonen, W. H. J. and Meijer, D. and Paarlberg, A. J. and van Denderen, R. P. and de Jong, J. S. and Beemster, J. G. W. and Melsen, L. A. and Hoitink, A. J. F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09305-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {391-397}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extreme river flood exposes latent erosion risk}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Repurposing haemoproteins for asymmetric metal-catalysed h atom transfer. NATURE, 644(8076), 381-390. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Transition metal–hydrides have been widely exploited in catalysis for the hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated moieties, including carbonyls, alkenes and alkynes1. To complement heterolytic metal–hydride bond cleavage, metal–hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) has recently gained attention, as a promising strategy for radical hydrofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes2, thus enabling late-stage diversification of complex molecules3,4. However, owing to the weak interactions between the prochiral organic radical and the enantiopure catalyst5, asymmetric MHAT6 remains challenging. Here we show that cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) can be repurposed to catalyse asymmetric MHAT, a new-to-nature reaction. Directed evolution of P450BM3 yielded a triple mutant that catalyses MHAT radical cyclization of unactivated alkenes, producing diverse cyclic compounds—including pyrrolidines and piperidines—with up to 98:2 enantiomeric ratio under aerobic whole-cell conditions. Apart from electron-deficient alkenes, alternative radical acceptors—including hydrazones, oximes and nitriles—were converted by repurposed P450BM3 to enantioenriched cyclization products. Mechanistic investigations support an MHAT mechanism proceeding by homolytic cleavage of a fleeting iron(III)–hydride species2,6. Starting from CYP119, directed evolution afforded a stereocomplementary MHATase, highlighting the potential of repurposed CYPs for MHAT biocatalysis. Our study highlights the prospect of integrating homolytic metal–hydride reactivity into metalloenzymes, thus expanding the scope of asymmetric radical biocatalysis. Cytochrome P450 enzymes can be repurposed to catalyse asymmetric metal–hydride hydrogen atom transfer, a new-to-nature reaction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Xiang and Chen, Dongping and Álvarez, María and Ward, Thomas R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09308-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {381-390}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Repurposing haemoproteins for asymmetric metal-catalysed h atom transfer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Direct identification of ac and no molecules with an atom-at-a-time technique. NATURE, 644(8076), 376-380. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The periodic table provides an intuitive framework for understanding chemical properties. However, its traditional patterns may break down for the heaviest elements occupying the bottom of the chart. The large nuclei of actinides (Z > 88) and superheavy elements (Z ≥ 104) give rise to relativistic effects that are expected to substantially alter their chemical behaviours, potentially indicating that we have reached the end of a predictive periodic table1. Relativistic effects have already been cited for the unusual chemistry of the actinides compared with those of their lanthanide counterparts2. Unfortunately, it is difficult to understand the full impact of relativistic effects, as research on the later actinides and superheavy elements is scarce. Beyond fermium (Z = 100), elements need to be produced and studied one atom at a time, using accelerated ion beams and state-of-the-art experimental approaches. So far, no experiments have been capable of directly identifying produced molecular species. Here ions of actinium (Ac, Z = 89) and nobelium (No, Z = 102) were synthesized through nuclear reactions at the 88-Inch Cyclotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and then exposed to trace amounts of H2O and N2. The produced molecular species were directly identified by measuring their mass-to-charge ratios using FIONA (For the Identification Of Nuclide A)3. These results mark the first, to our knowledge, direct identification of heavy-element molecular species using an atom-at-a-time technique and highlight the importance of such identifications in future superheavy-element chemistry experiments to deepen understanding of their chemical properties. Mass number measurements of the molecular species produced when ions of actinium (Ac) and nobelium (No) are exposed to trace amounts of H2O and N2 demonstrate direct species identification using an atom-at-a-time technique for heavy elements.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pore, Jennifer L. and Gates, Jacklyn M. and Dixon, David A. and Garcia, Fatima H. and Gibson, John K. and Gooding, John A. and McCarthy, Mallory and Orford, Rodney and Shafi, Ziad and Shuh, David K. and Sprouse, Sarah}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09342-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {376-380}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Direct identification of ac and no molecules with an atom-at-a-time technique}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthesis of bulk hexagonal diamond. NATURE, 644(8076), 370-375. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hexagonal diamond (HD), with anticipated physical properties superior than the known cubic diamond, has been pursued relentlessly since its inception 60 years ago1. However, natural and synthetic HD has only been preserved as a highly disordered component in fragile, heterogeneous mixtures of other nanocarbon structures that precludes determination of bulk properties and identification of HD as a bona fide crystalline phase2–4. Here we report the synthesis, recovery and extensive characterization of bulk HD by compressing and heating high-quality graphite single crystals under controlled quasi-hydrostatic conditions. We demonstrate the successful synthesis of 100-µm-sized to mm-sized, highly ordered, bulk HD. We observed direct transformation of graphite ( $$10\bar{1}0$$ ) orientation to HD (0002) and graphite (0002) to HD ( $$10\bar{1}0$$ ). The bulk sample consists of threefold intergrowth of tightly knitted 100-nm-sized crystals, predominantly HD with trace imperfections of cubic diamond. The interlayer bonds in HD are shortened with respect to intralayer bonds to optimize the HD structure. Notably, the hardness of HD is only slightly higher than cubic diamond. We anticipate that purifying the precursor graphite carbon and fine-tuning the high pressure–temperature (P–T) synthesis conditions may lead to higher-quality HDs. The synthesis, recovery and detailed characterization of bulk hexagonal diamond under high pressure and temperature conditions using precursor graphite carbon is described, demonstrating the first successful synthesis in the 100 µm to millimetre size range.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Liuxiang and Lau, Kah Chun and Zeng, Zhidan and Zhang, Dongzhou and Tang, Hu and Yan, Bingmin and Niu, Guoliang and Gou, Huiyang and Yang, Yanping and Yang, Wenge and Luo, Duan and Mao, Ho-kwang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09343-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {370-375}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthesis of bulk hexagonal diamond}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Photophoretic flight of perforated structures in near-space conditions. NATURE, 644(8076), 362-369. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lightweight nanofabricated structures could photophoretically loft payloads in near-space. Proposed structures range from microscale engineered aerosols1, to centimetre-scale thin disks with variations in surface accommodation coefficients2,3, to sandwich structures with nanoscale thickness4,5 that might be extended to metre-scale width6,7. Quantitative understanding of how structural and surface properties determine photophoretic lofting forces is necessary to develop a practical flying device. Here we focus on thermal transpiration as the most promising photophoretic mechanism for lofting large devices8 and present a hybrid analytical–numerical model of the lofting force on a structure that consists of two perforated membranes spaced a small distance apart. We identify optimal structural parameters, including device size, membrane perforation density and distribution of the vertical ligaments that connect the two membranes, each as a function of atmospheric altitude. Targeting these optimal parameters, we fabricate structures with a heterogeneous ligament distribution, which efficiently compromises between structural rigidity and photophoretic performance. We measure how lofting forces generated by these structures depend on pressure using gases with three different molecular weights. We observed photophoretic levitation of a 1-cm-wide structure at an air pressure of 26.7 Pa when illuminated by 750 W m−2, about 55% the intensity of sunlight. Lastly, we describe the preliminary design of a 3-cm-radius device with 10-mg payload capacity at 75-km altitudes and discuss horizontal motion control, overnight settling, and applications in climate sensing, communications and Martian exploration. A photophoretic aircraft that can levitate via thermal transpiration is achieved under near-space conditions, providing a potential platform for climate sensing, communications and Martian exploration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schafer, Benjamin C. and Kim, Jong-hyoung and Sharipov, Felix and Hwang, Gyeong-Seok and Vlassak, Joost J. and Keith, David W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09281-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {362-369}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Photophoretic flight of perforated structures in near-space conditions}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One-third of sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks. NATURE, 644(8076), 356-361. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Exoplanets are organized in a broad array of orbital configurations1,2 that reflect their formation along with billions of years of dynamical processing through gravitational interactions3. This history is encoded in the angular momentum architecture of planetary systems—the relation between the rotational properties of the central star and the orbital geometry of planets. A primary observable is the alignment (or misalignment) between the rotational axis of the star and the orbital plane of its planets, known as stellar obliquity. Hundreds of spin–orbit constraints have been measured for giant planets close to their host stars4, many of which have revealed planets on misaligned orbits. A leading question that has emerged is whether stellar obliquity originates primarily from gravitational interactions with other planets or distant stars in the same system, or if it is ‘primordial’—imprinted during the star-formation process. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of primordial obliquities between the spin axes of young, isolated Sun-like stars and the orientation of the outer regions of their protoplanetary disks. Most systems are consistent with angular momentum alignment but about one-third of isolated young systems exhibit primordial misalignment. This suggests that some obliquities identified in planetary systems at older ages—including the Sun’s modest misalignment with planets in the Solar System—could originate from initial conditions of their formation. Assessment of the stellar obliquities of a sample of resolved protoplanetary disk systems indicates that one-third of Sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks, suggesting that the origin of star–planet configurations, including many misaligned planetary orbits, may be primordial.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biddle, Lauren I. and Bowler, Brendan P. and Morgan, Marvin and Tran, Quang H. and Wu, Ya-Lin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09324-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {356-361}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One-third of sun-like stars are born with misaligned planet-forming disks}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bending the curve of land degradation to achieve global environmental goals. NATURE, 644(8076), 347-355. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Land has a vital role in sustaining human communities, nurturing diverse ecosystems and regulating the climate of our planet. As such, current rates of land degradation pose a major environmental and socioeconomic threat, driving climate change, biodiversity loss and social crises. Preventing and reversing land degradation are key objectives of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and are also fundamental for the other two Rio Conventions: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Here we argue that the targets of these conventions can only be met by ‘bending the curve’ of land degradation and that transforming food systems is fundamental for doing so. We showcase multiple actions for tackling land degradation that also yield climate and biodiversity benefits while fostering sustainable food systems that contribute to avoiding the risk of a global food crisis. We also propose ambitious 2050 targets for the three Rio Conventions related to land and food systems. Finally, we urge collective action to acknowledge the pivotal role of land in achieving the goals of the Rio Conventions and to embed food systems within intergovernmental agreements, enabling decisive progress on the complex and interconnected global crises that we face. The Rio Conventions’ objectives can be met by transforming food systems to bend the curve of land degradation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maestre, Fernando T. and Guirado, Emilio and Armenteras, Dolors and Beck, Hylke E. and AlShalan, Mashael Saud and Al-Saud, Noura Turki and Chami, Ralph and Fu, Bojie and Gichenje, Helene and Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth and Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika and Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime and McCabe, Matthew F. and Orr, Barron J. and Tang, Ting and Metternicht, Graciela and Miess, Michael and Reynolds, James F. and Stringer, Lindsay C. and Wada, Yoshihide and Duarte, Carlos M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09365-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {347-355}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bending the curve of land degradation to achieve global environmental goals}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Injured plants use gaseous cues to initiate repair of their outer layers. NATURE, 644(8076), 345-346. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The periderm layers of plants form an outer protective barrier. If the periderm is broken, movement of the gases ethylene and oxygen triggers a healing process. The periderm layers of plants form an outer protective barrier. If the periderm is broken, movement of the gases ethylene and oxygen triggers a healing process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yin, Cui-Cui and Zhang, Jin-Song}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02049-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {345-346}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Injured plants use gaseous cues to initiate repair of their outer layers}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetic mutation predicts survival after immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. NATURE, 644(8076), 343-345. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Women with a rare type of ovarian cancer have prolonged survival after receiving immune-checkpoint blockade if their tumour cells carry a mutation in the gene PPP2R1A. Women with a rare type of ovarian cancer have prolonged survival after receiving immune-checkpoint blockade if their tumour cells carry a mutation in the gene PPP2R1A.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adams, Sarah}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02053-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {343-345}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetic mutation predicts survival after immunotherapy for ovarian cancer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Impact of catastrophic flood might have been exacerbated by river-management programme. NATURE, 644(8076), 342-343. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Efforts to engineer a river to reduce flood risk might have unintentionally contributed to severe erosion of the riverbed, worsening the impact of the flood. Efforts to engineer a river to reduce flood risk might have unintentionally contributed to severe erosion of the riverbed, worsening the impact of the flood.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Finotello, Alvise}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02354-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {342-343}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Impact of catastrophic flood might have been exacerbated by river-management programme}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plagues of locusts could be avoided by using compounds that suppress swarming. NATURE, 644(8076), 340-341. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of compounds that inhibit biosynthesis of the pheromone that triggers locust swarming suggests a fresh approach for controlling these pests. The discovery of compounds that inhibit biosynthesis of the pheromone that triggers locust swarming suggests a fresh approach for controlling these pests.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Knaden, Markus}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01859-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {340-341}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plagues of locusts could be avoided by using compounds that suppress swarming}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Levitating platform could ride sunlight into the ‘ignorosphere’. NATURE, 644(8076), 339-340. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A nano-engineered structure that levitates when a laser of a similar intensity to sunlight is shone on it could help scientists to study a hard-to-reach region of the atmosphere. A nano-engineered structure that levitates when a laser of a similar intensity to sunlight is shone on it could help scientists to study a hard-to-reach region of the atmosphere.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bargatin, Igor}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02355-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {339-340}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Levitating platform could ride sunlight into the ‘ignorosphere’}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Organs on chips could make biomedical research more equitable. NATURE, 644(8076), 338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {del Valle, Andrea C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02569-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Organs on chips could make biomedical research more equitable}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Study how screen time affects circadian rhythms. NATURE, 644(8076), 338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kiran, Fouzia and Jin, Yaping and Yuan, Yalin and Chen, Huatao}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02570-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Study how screen time affects circadian rhythms}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Use AI in the classroom to bring problems to life. NATURE, 644(8076), 338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Zerong and Zhang, Chenwei}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02571-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Use AI in the classroom to bring problems to life}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Europe must safeguard climate data following NASA cuts. NATURE, 644(8076), 338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pinty, Bernard and Thépaut, Jean-Noël}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02572-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Europe must safeguard climate data following NASA cuts}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nuclear-weapons risks are back — And we need to act like it. NATURE, 644(8076), 335-337. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Far from being relics of the past, atomic bombs must be managed as the embodiments of human-made catastrophe that they are. Far from being relics of the past, atomic bombs must be managed as the embodiments of human-made catastrophe that they are.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Panda, Ankit}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02506-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {335-337}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nuclear-weapons risks are back — And we need to act like it}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Decolonize scientific institutions, don’t just diversify them. NATURE, 644(8076), 331-334. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Indigenous scholars set out eight steps to stop marginalization in academia and to enable a shared Indigenous agenda in science. Indigenous scholars set out eight steps to stop marginalization in academia and to enable a shared Indigenous agenda in science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McAllister, Tara G. and Walker, Leilani A. and Smiles, Niiyokamigaabaw Deondre and Jennings, Lydia and Moggridge, Bradley and Naepi, Sereana and Kamai, Brittany and Milligan-McClellan, Kat}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02516-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {331-334}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Decolonize scientific institutions, don’t just diversify them}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). George e. smith obituary: Co-inventor of the charge coupled device, which ushered in an era of digital images. NATURE, 644(8076), 330. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Smith’s invention enabled the precise capture of light in electronic form, and has transformed science, medicine and daily life. Smith’s invention enabled the precise capture of light in electronic form, and has transformed science, medicine and daily life.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tulloch, Simon}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02515-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {330}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {George e. smith obituary: Co-inventor of the charge coupled device, which ushered in an era of digital images}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘A biographer’s dream’: This physicist investigated UFOs and flew over hiroshima. NATURE, 644(8076), 328-329. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A portrait of Nobel prizewinner Luis Alvarez explores his scientific achievements without shying away from his contentious character. A portrait of Nobel prizewinner Luis Alvarez explores his scientific achievements without shying away from his contentious character.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Crease, Robert P.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02512-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {328-329}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘A biographer’s dream’: This physicist investigated UFOs and flew over hiroshima}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump’s chief science adviser faces a storm of criticism: What's next?. NATURE, 644(8076), 324-326. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {US researchers were hopeful when Donald Trump appointed Michael Kratsios to a top science position, but many say he has contributed to the chaos. Can he turn things around? US researchers were hopeful when Donald Trump appointed Michael Kratsios to a top science position, but many say he has contributed to the chaos. Can he turn things around?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02510-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {324-326}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump’s chief science adviser faces a storm of criticism: What's next?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is gravity quantum? experiments could finally probe one of physics’ biggest questions. NATURE, 644(8076), 320-323. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Physicists are developing laboratory tests to give insight into the true nature of gravity. Physicists are developing laboratory tests to give insight into the true nature of gravity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02509-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {320-323}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is gravity quantum? experiments could finally probe one of physics’ biggest questions}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). India to penalize universities with too many retractions. NATURE, 644(8076), 317-318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Having a lot of withdrawn papers will soon count against institutions but some warn the policy could create issues. Having a lot of withdrawn papers will soon count against institutions but some warn the policy could create issues.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02364-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {317-318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {India to penalize universities with too many retractions}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). UK royal society adopts ‘subscribe to open’ publishing model. NATURE, 644(8076), 316-317. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Eight of its journals will publish papers open access each year they earn sufficient library revenue. Eight of its journals will publish papers open access each year they earn sufficient library revenue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02483-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {316-317}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {UK royal society adopts ‘subscribe to open’ publishing model}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Eating ultra-processed foods could make it harder to lose weight. NATURE, 644(8076), 315-316. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trial compared effects of diets with differing levels of food processing. Trial compared effects of diets with differing levels of food processing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02451-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {315-316}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Eating ultra-processed foods could make it harder to lose weight}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sexual harassment is rife at US antarctic research bases, fresh survey finds. NATURE, 644(8076), 312-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More than two-thirds of people polled had witnessed sexual harassment or assault on the ice. More than two-thirds of people polled had witnessed sexual harassment or assault on the ice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02484-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {312-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sexual harassment is rife at US antarctic research bases, fresh survey finds}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). MRNA vaccines for HIV trigger strong immune response in people. NATURE, 644(8076), 311-312. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Results from early-stage trial show that 80% of participants who received one of two HIV vaccine candidates produced antibodies against viral proteins. Results from early-stage trial show that 80% of participants who received one of two HIV vaccine candidates produced antibodies against viral proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02439-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {311-312}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {MRNA vaccines for HIV trigger strong immune response in people}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tiny motor uses heat to perform molecular magic. NATURE, 644(8076), 309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A nanoscopic machine transforms a molecular chain into interlocking loops. A nanoscopic machine transforms a molecular chain into interlocking loops.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02440-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tiny motor uses heat to perform molecular magic}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mystery of billions of sea-star deaths solved at last. NATURE, 644(8076), 309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiments identify a bacterium as the cause of sea-star wasting disease, which has devastated populations along the western coast of North America. Experiments identify a bacterium as the cause of sea-star wasting disease, which has devastated populations along the western coast of North America.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02442-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mystery of billions of sea-star deaths solved at last}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Globally recognized island is losing its trademark glaciers. NATURE, 644(8076), 309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ice coverage is shrinking on Heard Island — a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a haven of biodiversity. Ice coverage is shrinking on Heard Island — a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a haven of biodiversity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02473-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Globally recognized island is losing its trademark glaciers}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How animal paw pads got their toughness. NATURE, 644(8076), 309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In creatures that walk on land, a protein called Slurp1 protects skin cells from stress. In creatures that walk on land, a protein called Slurp1 protects skin cells from stress.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02474-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How animal paw pads got their toughness}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Just how bad will climate change get? the only way to know is to fund basic research. NATURE, 644(8076), 308. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Predictions of global warming are uncertain. That’s why we need to keep finding out how the climate system works. Predictions of global warming are uncertain. That’s why we need to keep finding out how the climate system works.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Palmer, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02508-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {308}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Just how bad will climate change get? the only way to know is to fund basic research}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘A whole body of health-equity research is being disappeared’ — Why i resigned from the NIH. NATURE, 644(8076), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As federal support vanishes for research addressing the root causes of health disparities in the United States, we are left with a dangerous void and an urgent need to rethink science funding. As federal support vanishes for research addressing the root causes of health disparities in the United States, we are left with a dangerous void and an urgent need to rethink science funding.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pariyadath, Vani}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02507-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘A whole body of health-equity research is being disappeared’ — Why i resigned from the NIH}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Monoclonal antibodies revolutionized biomedical science and health care. NATURE, 644(8076), 305. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The story of the discovery of these molecules 50 years ago shows how the free exchange of ideas can lead to life-changing treatments. The story of the discovery of these molecules 50 years ago shows how the free exchange of ideas can lead to life-changing treatments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02452-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8076}, pages = {305}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Monoclonal antibodies revolutionized biomedical science and health care}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientific bedlam at the world’s weirdest and wildest research conference. NATURE, 644(8076), 567-568. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Woodstock Bio2 + Night Science aimed to encourage collaborations through creativity. The walk-on music for presentations was fun, too. Woodstock Bio2 + Night Science aimed to encourage collaborations through creativity. The walk-on music for presentations was fun, too.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Glausiusz, Josie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02169-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8076}, pages = {567-568}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientific bedlam at the world’s weirdest and wildest research conference}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Sleeping’ cancer cells in the lungs can be roused by COVID and flu. NATURE, 644(8076), 314-315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Inflammation from the respiratory infections seems to be the culprit, study in mice finds. Inflammation from the respiratory infections seems to be the culprit, study in mice finds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02420-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8076}, pages = {314-315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Sleeping’ cancer cells in the lungs can be roused by COVID and flu}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Google AI model mines trillions of images to create maps of earth ‘at any place and time’. NATURE, 644(8076), 313-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The system will save time spent on processing satellite data, researchers say — but they hope the tech firm will share more about how it works. The system will save time spent on processing satellite data, researchers say — but they hope the tech firm will share more about how it works.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02412-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8076}, pages = {313-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Google AI model mines trillions of images to create maps of earth ‘at any place and time’}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset. NATURE, 644(8075), E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Liang and Guo, Chen and Zheng, Zhiwei and Dong, Yiyan and Xie, Qifeng and Lv, Zijian and Li, Min and Lu, Yangyang and Guo, Xiaonan and Deng, Rongshan and Liu, Yiqin and Feng, Yirong and Mu, Ruiqi and Zhang, Xuliang and Ma, Huan and Chen, Zhong and Zhang, Zhijun and Dong, Zhaoqi and Yang, Wei and Zhang, Xiangnan and Cui, Yihui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09404-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Data anomalies and the economic commitment of climate change. NATURE, 644(8075), E7-E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bearpark, Tom and Hogan, Dylan and Hsiang, Solomon}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09320-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {E7-E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Data anomalies and the economic commitment of climate change}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Inconclusive proof of ferroelectricity in peptide-VDF ribbons. NATURE, 644(8075), E4-E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Yang and Sai, Hiroaki and Egner, Simon A. and Qiu, Ruomeng and Palmer, Liam C. and Stupp, Samuel I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09315-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {E4-E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Inconclusive proof of ferroelectricity in peptide-VDF ribbons}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inconclusive proof of ferroelectricity in peptide-VDF ribbons. NATURE, 644(8075), E1-E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Litterst, Maximilian and Butkevich, Andrey Alekseevich and Kemerink, Martijn}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09314-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {E1-E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inconclusive proof of ferroelectricity in peptide-VDF ribbons}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How i’m electrifying transportation in tanzania. NATURE, 644(8075), 298. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Technician Erasto Job assembles and fixes electric three-wheelers for TRí, a sustainable transportation company in Dar es Salaam. Technician Erasto Job assembles and fixes electric three-wheelers for TRí, a sustainable transportation company in Dar es Salaam.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02463-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {298}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How i’m electrifying transportation in tanzania}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is your AI benchmark lying to you?. NATURE, 644(8075), 294-296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence models are too often assessed against flawed goals — a stumbling block for progress. Artificial intelligence models are too often assessed against flawed goals — a stumbling block for progress.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brooks, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02462-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {294-296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is your AI benchmark lying to you?}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Retraction note: Human fetal cerebellar cell atlas informs medulloblastoma origin and oncogenesis. NATURE, 644(8075), 290. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Luo, Zaili and Xia, Mingyang and Shi, Wei and Zhao, Chuntao and Wang, Jiajia and Xin, Dazhuan and Dong, Xinran and Xiong, Yu and Zhang, Feng and Berry, Kalen and Ogurek, Sean and Liu, Xuezhao and Rao, Rohit and Xing, Rui and Wu, Lai Man Natalie and Cui, Siying and Xu, Lingli and Lin, Yifeng and Ma, Wenkun and Tian, Shuaiwei and Xie, Qi and Zhang, Li and Xin, Mei and Wang, Xiaotao and Yue, Feng and Zheng, Haizi and Liu, Yaping and Stevenson, Charles B. and de Blank, Peter and Perentesis, John P. and Gilbertson, Richard J. and Li, Hao and Ma, Jie and Zhou, Wenhao and Taylor, Michael D. and Lu, Q. Richard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09015-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {290}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Retraction note: Human fetal cerebellar cell atlas informs medulloblastoma origin and oncogenesis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The role of metabolism in shaping enzyme structures over 400 million years. NATURE, 644(8075), 280-289. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Advances in deep learning and AlphaFold2 have enabled the large-scale prediction of protein structures across species, opening avenues for studying protein function and evolution1. Here we analyse 11,269 predicted and experimentally determined enzyme structures that catalyse 361 metabolic reactions across 225 pathways to investigate metabolic evolution over 400 million years in the Saccharomycotina subphylum2. By linking sequence divergence in structurally conserved regions to a variety of metabolic properties of the enzymes, we reveal that metabolism shapes structural evolution across multiple scales, from species-wide metabolic specialization to network organization and the molecular properties of the enzymes. Although positively selected residues are distributed across various structural elements, enzyme evolution is constrained by reaction mechanisms, interactions with metal ions and inhibitors, metabolic flux variability and biosynthetic cost. Our findings uncover hierarchical patterns of structural evolution, in which structural context dictates amino acid substitution rates, with surface residues evolving most rapidly and small-molecule-binding sites evolving under selective constraints without cost optimization. By integrating structural biology with evolutionary genomics, we establish a model in which enzyme evolution is intrinsically governed by catalytic function and shaped by metabolic niche, network architecture, cost and molecular interactions. By combining structural biology and evolutionary genomics analyses, the evolution of enzymes over 400 million years is shown to be governed by catalytic function, metabolic network architecture, cost and molecular interactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lemke, Oliver and Heineike, Benjamin Murray and Viknander, Sandra and Cohen, Nir and Li, Feiran and Steenwyk, Jacob Lucas and Spranger, Leonard and Agostini, Federica and Lee, Cory Thomas and Aulakh, Simran Kaur and Berman, Judith and Rokas, Antonis and Nielsen, Jens and Gossmann, Toni Ingolf and Zelezniak, Aleksej and Ralser, Markus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09205-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {280-289}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The role of metabolism in shaping enzyme structures over 400 million years}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Interactions between TTYH2 and APOE facilitate endosomal lipid transfer. NATURE, 644(8075), 273-279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Tweety homologues (TTYHs) constitute a family of eukaryotic membrane proteins that, on the basis of structural features, were recently proposed to contribute to lipid transfer between soluble carriers and cellular membranes1. However, in the absence of supporting data, this function was hypothetical. Here through pull-down of endogenous proteins, we identify APOE as the interaction partner of human TTYH2. Subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry assays showed that both proteins colocalize in endosomal compartments. Characterization of the specific interaction between APOE and TTYH2 through binding assays and structural studies enabled us to identify an epitope in an extended domain of TTYH2 that faces the endosomal lumen. Structures of complexes with APOE-containing lipoprotein particles revealed a binding mode that places lipids in a suitable position to facilitate their diffusion into the membrane. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that lipid transfer is accelerated by TTYH2. Collectively, our findings indicate that TTYH2 has a role in the unloading of APOE-containing lipoproteins after they are endocytosed. These results define a new protein class that facilitates the extraction of lipids from and their insertion into cellular membranes. Although ubiquitous, this process could be of particular relevance in the brain, where APOE is involved in the transfer of lipids between astrocytes and neurons. The Tweety homologue TTYH2 is identified as the lipid transfer mediator for APOE-containing lipoproteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sukalskaia, Anastasiia and Karner, Andreas and Pugnetti, Anna and Weber, Florian and Plochberger, Birgit and Dutzler, Raimund}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09200-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {273-279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Interactions between TTYH2 and APOE facilitate endosomal lipid transfer}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Taurine from tumour niche drives glycolysis to promote leukaemogenesis. NATURE, 644(8075), 263-272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Signals from the microenvironment are known to be critical for development, stem cell self-renewal and oncogenic progression. Although some niche-driven signals that promote cancer progression have been identified1–5, concerted efforts to map disease-relevant microenvironmental ligands of cancer stem cell receptors have been lacking. Here, we use temporal single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify molecular cues from the bone marrow stromal niche that engage leukaemia stem-enriched cells (LSCs) during oncogenic progression. We integrate these data with our human LSC RNA-seq and in vivo CRISPR screen of LSC dependencies6 to identify LSC–niche interactions that are essential for leukaemogenesis. These analyses identify the taurine–taurine transporter (TAUT) axis as a critical dependency of aggressive myeloid leukaemias. We find that cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1)-driven taurine biosynthesis is restricted to osteolineage cells, and increases during myeloid disease progression. Blocking CDO1 expression in osteolineage cells impairs LSC growth and improves survival outcomes. Using TAUT genetic loss-of-function mouse models and patient-derived acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells, we show that TAUT inhibition significantly impairs in vivo myeloid leukaemia progression. Consistent with elevated TAUT expression in venetoclax-resistant AML, TAUT inhibition synergizes with venetoclax to block the growth of primary human AML cells. Mechanistically, our multiomic approaches indicate that the loss of taurine uptake inhibits RAG-GTP dependent mTOR activation and downstream glycolysis. Collectively, our work establishes the temporal landscape of stromal signals during leukaemia progression and identifies taurine as a key regulator of myeloid malignancies. The taurine–taurine transporter axis is a critical dependency of aggressive myeloid leukaemias.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharma, Sonali and Rodems, Benjamin J. and Baker, Cameron D. and Kaszuba, Christina M. and Franco, Edgardo I. and Smith, Bradley R. and Ito, Takashi and Swovick, Kyle and Welle, Kevin and Zhang, Yi and Rock, Philip and Chaves, Francisco A. and Ghaemmaghami, Sina and Calvi, Laura M. and Ganguly, Archan and Burack, W. Richard and Becker, Michael W. and Liesveld, Jane L. and Brookes, Paul S. and Munger, Joshua C. and Jordan, Craig T. and Ashton, John M. and Bajaj, Jeevisha}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09018-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {263-272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Taurine from tumour niche drives glycolysis to promote leukaemogenesis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nerve-to-cancer transfer of mitochondria during cancer metastasis. NATURE, 644(8075), 252-262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nervous system has a pivotal role in cancer biology, and pathological investigations have linked intratumoural nerve density to metastasis1. However, the precise impact of cancer-associated neurons and the communication channels at the nerve–cancer interface remain poorly understood. Previous cancer denervation models in rodents and humans have highlighted robust cancer dependency on nerves, but the underlying mechanisms that drive nerve-mediated cancer aggressivity remain unknown2,3. Here we show that cancer-associated neurons enhance cancer metabolic plasticity by transferring mitochondria to cancer cells. Breast cancer denervation and nerve–cancer coculture models confirmed that neurons significantly improve tumour energetics. Neurons cocultured with cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, resulting in increased mitochondrial mass and subsequent transfer of mitochondria to adjacent cancer cells. To precisely track the fate of recipient cells, we developed MitoTRACER, a reporter of cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer that permanently labels recipient cancer cells and their progeny. Lineage tracing and fate mapping of cancer cells acquiring neuronal mitochondria in primary tumours revealed their selective enrichment at metastatic sites following dissemination. Collectively, our data highlight the enhanced metastatic capabilities of cancer cells that receive mitochondria from neurons in primary tumours, shedding new light on how the nervous system supports cancer metabolism and metastatic dissemination. A study reports the development of a method to trace intercellular transfer of mitochondria, and demonstrates that cancer cells that receive mitochondria from neurons have enhanced metastatic capabilities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hoover, Gregory and Gilbert, Shila and Curley, Olivia and Obellianne, Clémence and Lin, Mike T. and Hixson, William and Pierce, Terry W. and Andrews, Joel F. and Alexeyev, Mikhail F. and Ding, Yi and Bu, Ping and Behbod, Fariba and Medina, Daniel and Chang, Jeffrey T. and Ayala, Gustavo and Grelet, Simon}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09176-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {252-262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nerve-to-cancer transfer of mitochondria during cancer metastasis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rewiring endogenous genes in CAR t cells for tumour-restricted payload delivery. NATURE, 644(8075), 241-251. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in solid tumours is limited by immunosuppression and antigen heterogeneity1–3. To overcome these barriers, ‘armoured’ CAR T cells, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines, have been developed4. However, their clinical application has been limited because of toxicity related to peripheral expression of the armouring transgene5. Here, we have developed a CRISPR knock-in strategy that leverages the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous genes to drive transgene expression in a tumour-localized manner. By screening endogenous genes with tumour-restricted expression, we have identified the NR4A2 and RGS16 promoters as promising candidates to support the delivery of cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-2 directly to the tumour site, leading to enhanced antitumour efficacy and long-term survival of mice in both syngeneic and xenogeneic models. This effect was concomitant with improved CAR T cell polyfunctionality, activation of endogenous antitumour immunity and a favourable safety profile, and was applicable in CAR T cells from patients. A CRISPR knock-in strategy that uses endogenous gene regulatory mechanisms can engineer ‘armoured’ CAR T cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines directly within a tumour without causing toxicity, leading to prolonged survival in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Amanda X. Y. and Yap, Kah Min and Kim, Joelle S. and Sek, Kevin and Huang, Yu-Kuan and Dunbar, Phoebe A. and Wiebking, Volker and Armitage, Jesse D. and Munoz, Isabelle and Todd, Kirsten L. and Derrick, Emily B. and Nguyen, Dat and Tong, Junming and Chan, Cheok Weng and Hoang, Thang X. and Audsley, Katherine M. and van Elsas, Marit J. and Middelburg, Jim and Lee, Joel N. and de Menezes, Maria N. and Cole, Thomas J. and Li, Jasmine and Scheffler, Christina and Scott, Andrew M. and Mackay, Laura K. and Waithman, Jason and Oliaro, Jane and Harrison, Simon J. and Parish, Ian A. and Lai, Junyun and Porteus, Matthew H. and House, Imran G. and Darcy, Phillip K. and Beavis, Paul A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09212-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {241-251}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rewiring endogenous genes in CAR t cells for tumour-restricted payload delivery}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A coordinated cellular network regulates tolerance to food. NATURE, 644(8075), 231-240. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To absorb nutrients and support commensal microorganisms, the host induces tolerogenic immune responses through peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells1,2. Previous studies identified conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) as initiators of dietary pTreg cells3. However, here we report that food-specific pTreg cells are induced exclusively by the recently identified RORγt antigen-presenting cells4–8 and not by conventional dendritic cells. Instead, our data suggest that pTreg cell–cDC1 interactions during homeostasis limit the expansion of food-specific CD8αβ T cells. This regulation is disrupted by infection or food poisoning, enabling dietary CD8αβ T cells to expand and acquire effector functions in response to mimicked food antigens. Unlike in typical infections, after the pathogen is cleared, dietary CD8αβ T cells do not expand in response to their corresponding dietary antigens. Thus, we propose that, in response to dietary antigens, tolerance is mediated by a circuit of dedicated antigen-presenting cells and T cells. When the host is challenged by infection, this circuit permits the transient expansion of protective effector responses without compromising the overall strategy of tolerance that ensures safe food consumption. Immune tolerance to dietary antigens is mediated by a circuit of dedicated antigen-presenting cells and T cells, ensuring protective effector responses without compromising the overall strategy of tolerance that ensures safe food consumption.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rudnitsky, Anna and Oh, Hanna and Margolin, Maya and Dassa, Bareket and Shteinberg, Inbar and Stoler-Barak, Liat and Shulman, Ziv and Kedmi, Ranit}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09173-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {231-240}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A coordinated cellular network regulates tolerance to food}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Detecting structural heart disease from electrocardiograms using AI. NATURE, 644(8075), 221-230. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Early detection of structural heart disease is critical to improving outcomes, but widespread screening remains limited by the cost and accessibility of imaging tools such as echocardiography1,2. Recent advances in machine learning applied to heart rhythm recordings have shown promise in identifying disease3,4, although previous work has been limited by development in narrow populations or targeting only select heart conditions5. Here we introduce a deep learning model, EchoNext, trained on more than 1 million heart rhythm and imaging records across a large and diverse health system to detect many forms of structural heart disease. The model demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in internal and external validation, outperforming cardiologists in a controlled evaluation and showing consistent performance across different care settings and racial and/or ethnic groups. The models were prospectively evaluated in a clinical trial of patients without previous cardiac imaging, successfully identifying previously undiagnosed heart disease. These findings support the potential of artificial intelligence to expand access to heart disease screening at scale. To enable further development and transparency, we have publicly released model weights and a large, annotated dataset linking heart rhythm data to imaging-based diagnoses. EchoNext, a deep learning model for electrocardiograms trained and validated in diverse health systems, successfully detects many forms of structural heart disease, supporting the potential of artificial intelligence to expand access to heart disease screening at scale.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Poterucha, Timothy J. and Jing, Linyuan and Ricart, Ramon Pimentel and Adjei-Mosi, Michael and Finer, Joshua and Hartzel, Dustin and Kelsey, Christopher and Long, Aaron and Rocha, Daniel and Ruhl, Jeffrey A. and vanMaanen, David and Probst, Marc A. and Daniels, Brock and Joshi, Shalmali D. and Tastet, Olivier and Corbin, Denis and Avram, Robert and Barrios, Joshua P. and Tison, Geoffrey H. and Chiu, I-Min and Ouyang, David and Volodarskiy, Alexander and Castillo, Michelle and Roedan Oliver, Francisco A. and Malta, Paloma P. and Ye, Siqin and Rosner, Gregg F. and Dizon, Jose M. and Ali, Shah R. and Liu, Qi and Bradley, Corey K. and Vaishnava, Prashant and Waksmonski, Carol A. and DeFilippis, Ersilia M. and Agarwal, Vratika and Lebehn, Mark and Kampaktsis, Polydoros N. and Shames, Sofia and Beecy, Ashley N. and Kumaraiah, Deepa and Homma, Shunichi and Schwartz, Allan and Hahn, Rebecca T. and Leon, Martin and Einstein, Andrew J. and Maurer, Mathew S. and Hartman, Heidi S. and Hughes, John Weston and Haggerty, Christopher M. and Elias, Pierre}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09227-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {221-230}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Detecting structural heart disease from electrocardiograms using AI}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting de novo purine biosynthesis for tuberculosis treatment. NATURE, 644(8075), 214-220. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease1,2. Here we report the discovery of a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor targeting PurF, the first enzyme in the mycobacterial de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. The lead candidate, JNJ-6640, exhibited nanomolar bactericidal activity in vitro. Comprehensive genetic and biochemical approaches confirmed that JNJ-6640 was highly selective for mycobacterial PurF. Single-cell-level microscopy demonstrated a downstream effect on DNA replication. We determined the physiologically relevant concentrations of nucleobases in human and mouse lung tissue, showing that these levels were insufficient to salvage PurF inhibition. Indeed, proof-of-concept studies using a long-acting injectable formulation demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of the compound. Finally, we show that inclusion of JNJ-6640 could have a crucial role in improving current treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Together, we demonstrate that JNJ-6640 is a promising chemical lead and that targeting de novo purine biosynthesis represents a novel strategy for tuberculosis drug development. The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lamprecht, Dirk A. and Wall, Richard J. and Leemans, Annelies and Truebody, Barry and Sprangers, Joke and Fiogbe, Patricia and Davies, Cadi and Wetzel, Jennefer and Daems, Stijn and Pearson, William and Pillay, Vanessa and Saylock, Samantha and Ricketts, M. Daniel and Davis, Ellie and Huff, Adam and Grell, Tsehai and Lin, Shiming and Gerber, Michelle and Vos, Ann and Dallow, John and Willcocks, Sam J. and Roubert, Christine and Sans, Stéphanie and Desorme, Amandine and Chappat, Nicolas and Ray, Aurélie and Pereira Moraes, Mariana and Washington, Tracy and D’Erasmo, Hope and Sancheti, Pavankumar and Everaerts, Melissa and Monshouwer, Mario and Esquivias, Jorge and Larrouy-Maumus, Gerald and Draghia Akli, Ruxandra and Fletcher, Helen and Pym, Alexander S. and Aldridge, Bree B. and Sarathy, Jansy P. and Clancy, Kathleen W. and Stoops, Bart and Dhar, Neeraj and Steyn, Adrie J. C. and Jackson, Paul and Aguilar-Pérez, Clara and Koul, Anil}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09177-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {214-220}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting de novo purine biosynthesis for tuberculosis treatment}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). R9AP is a common receptor for EBV infection in epithelial cells and b cells. NATURE, 644(8075), 205-213. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects more than 90% of the human population, causing infectious mononucleosis1, susceptibility to autoimmune diseases2 and multiple malignancies of epithelial or B cell-origin3. EBV infects epithelial cells and B cells through interaction between viral glycoproteins and different host receptors4, but it has remained unknown whether a common receptor mediates infection of its two major host cell targets. Here, we establish R9AP as a crucial EBV receptor for entry into epithelial and B cells. R9AP silencing or knockout, R9AP-derived peptide and R9AP monoclonal antibody each significantly inhibit, whereas R9AP overexpression promotes, EBV uptake into both cell types. R9AP binds directly to the EBV glycoprotein gH/gL complex to initiate gH/gL–gB-mediated membrane fusion. Notably, the interaction of R9AP with gH/gL is inhibited by the highly competitive gH/gL-neutralizing antibody AMMO1, which blocks EBV epithelial and B cell entry. Moreover, R9AP mediates viral and cellular membrane fusion in cooperation with EBV gp42–human leukocyte antigen class II or gH/gL–EPHA2 complexes in B cells or epithelial cells, respectively. We propose R9AP as the crucial common receptor of B cells and epithelial cells and a potential prophylactic and vaccine target for EBV. R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Yan and Zhang, Hua and Sun, Cong and Dong, Xiao-Dong and Xie, Chu and Liu, Yuan-Tao and Lin, Ruo-Bin and Kong, Xiang-Wei and Hu, Zhu-Long and Ma, Xiao-Yan and Dai, Dan-Ling and Zhu, Qian-Ying and Li, Yu-Chun and Li, Ying and Liu, Shang-Xin and Yuan, Li and Zhou, Peng-Hui and Gao, Song and Tang, Ya-Ping and Yang, Jin-Ying and Han, Ping and McGuire, Andrew T. and Zhao, Bo and Bei, Jin-Xin and Robertson, Erle and Zeng, Yi-Xin and Zhong, Qian and Zeng, Mu-Sheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09166-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {205-213}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {R9AP is a common receptor for EBV infection in epithelial cells and b cells}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Functional amyloid proteins confer defence against predatory bacteria. NATURE, 644(8075), 197-204. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that non-selectively preys on Gram-negative bacteria by invading the prey-cell periplasm, leaching host nutrients and ultimately lysing the infected cell to exit and find a new host1,2. The predatory life cycle of B. bacteriovorus is, in many ways, comparable to a bacteriophage. However, unlike phage defence, defence against B. bacteriovorus has not been widely investigated. Here we screened a collection of diverse Escherichia coli strains for resistance to B. bacteriovorus and identified that roughly one-third of strains robustly defended against predation by producing curli fibres. Curli fibres are oligomers of the functional amyloid protein CsgA, which is exceptionally durable3. Using genetics and microscopy, we demonstrate that curli fibres provide a barrier that protects susceptible cells independent of genes required for biofilm formation. This barrier further protected E. coli against attack by the predatory bacterium Myxococcus xanthus and select phages. Bioinformatic analysis of bacterial amyloids showed these systems are diverse and widespread in diderm bacteria (those with both inner and outer membranes). One of these, an evolutionarily distinct amyloid encoded by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also protected against B. bacteriovorus. This work establishes that functional amyloids defend bacteria against a wide range of threats. Escherichia coli uses curli fibres, oligomers of the functional amyloid CsgA, as a barrier to protect against the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Myxococcus xanthus in a mechanism that is independent of genes required for biofilm formation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledvina, Hannah E. and Sayegh, Ryan and Carale, Ricardo O. and Burroughs, A. Maxwell and Macklin, Alexa R. and Azadeh, Ashley L. and Borja Najera, Layla D. and Aravind, L. and Whiteley, Aaron T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09204-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {197-204}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Functional amyloid proteins confer defence against predatory bacteria}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mouse lemur cell atlas informs primate genes, physiology and disease. NATURE, 644(8075), 185-196. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) are an emerging primate model organism, but their genetics, cellular and molecular biology remain largely unexplored. In an accompanying paper1, we performed large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing of 27 organs from mouse lemurs. We identified more than 750 molecular cell types, characterized their transcriptomic profiles and provided insight into primate evolution of cell types. Here we use the generated atlas to characterize mouse lemur genes, physiology, disease and mutations. We uncover thousands of previously unidentified lemur genes and hundreds of thousands of new splice junctions including over 85,000 primate splice junctions missing in mice. We systematically explore the lemur immune system by comparing global expression profiles of key immune genes in health and disease, and by mapping immune cell development, trafficking and activation. We characterize primate-specific and lemur-specific physiology and disease, including molecular features of the immune program, lemur adipocytes and metastatic endometrial cancer that resembles the human malignancy. We present expression patterns of more than 400 primate genes missing in mice, many with similar expression patterns to humans and some implicated in human disease. Finally, we provide an experimental framework for reverse genetic analysis by identifying naturally occurring nonsense mutations in three primate immune genes missing in mice and by analysing their transcriptional phenotypes. This work establishes a foundation for molecular and genetic analyses of mouse lemurs and prioritizes primate genes, isoforms, physiology and disease for future study. Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ezran, Camille and Liu, Shixuan and Chang, Stephen and Ming, Jingsi and Guethlein, Lisbeth A. and Wang, Michael F. Z. and Dehghannasiri, Roozbeh and Olivieri, Julia and Frank, Hannah K. and Tarashansky, Alexander and Koh, Winston and Jing, Qiuyu and Botvinnik, Olga and Antony, Jane and Pisco, Angela Oliveira and Karkanias, Jim and Yang, Can and Ferrell, James E. and Boyd, Scott D. and Parham, Peter and Long, Jonathan Z. and Wang, Bo and Salzman, Julia and De Vlaminck, Iwijn and Wu, Angela Ruohao and Quake, Stephen R. and Krasnow, Mark A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09114-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {185-196}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mouse lemur cell atlas informs primate genes, physiology and disease}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A molecular cell atlas of mouse lemur, an emerging model primate. NATURE, 644(8075), 173-184. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mouse lemurs are the smallest and fastest reproducing primates, as well as one of the most abundant, and they are emerging as a model organism for primate biology, behaviour, health and conservation. Although much has been learnt about their ecology and phylogeny in Madagascar and their physiology, little is known about their cellular and molecular biology. Here we used droplet-based and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing to create Tabula Microcebus, a transcriptomic atlas of 226,000 cells from 27 mouse lemur organs opportunistically obtained from four donors clinically and histologically characterized. Using computational cell clustering, integration and expert cell annotation, we define and biologically organize more than 750 lemur molecular cell types and their full gene expression profiles. This includes cognates of most classical human cell types, including stem and progenitor cells, and differentiating cells along the developmental trajectories of spermatogenesis, haematopoiesis and other adult tissues. We also describe dozens of previously unidentified or sparsely characterized cell types. We globally compare expression profiles to define the molecular relationships of cell types across the body, and explore primate cell and gene expression evolution by comparing lemur transcriptomes to those of human, mouse and macaque. This reveals cell-type-specific patterns of primate specialization and many cell types and genes for which the mouse lemur provides a better human model than mouse1. The atlas provides a cellular and molecular foundation for studying this model primate and establishes a general approach for characterizing other emerging model organisms. Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ezran, Camille and Liu, Shixuan and Chang, Stephen and Ming, Jingsi and Botvinnik, Olga and Penland, Lolita and Tarashansky, Alexander and de Morree, Antoine and Travaglini, Kyle J. and Zhao, Jia and Wang, Gefei and Hasegawa, Kazuteru and Sin, Hosu and Sit, Rene and Okamoto, Jennifer and Sinha, Rahul and Zhang, Yue and Karanewsky, Caitlin J. and Pendleton, Jozeph L. and Morri, Maurizio and Perret, Martine and Aujard, Fabienne and Stryer, Lubert and Artandi, Steven and Fuller, Margaret T. and Weissman, Irving L. and Rando, Thomas A. and Ferrell, James E. and Wang, Bo and De Vlaminck, Iwijn and Yang, Can and Casey, Kerriann M. and Albertelli, Megan A. and Pisco, Angela Oliveira and Karkanias, Jim and Neff, Norma and Wu, Angela Ruohao and Quake, Stephen R. and Krasnow, Mark A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09113-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {173-184}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A molecular cell atlas of mouse lemur, an emerging model primate}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Astrocyte morphogenesis requires self-recognition. NATURE, 644(8075), 164-172. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Self-recognition is a fundamental cellular process across evolution and forms the basis of neuronal self-avoidance1–4. Clustered protocadherin (cPcdh) proteins, which comprise a large family of isoform-specific homophilic recognition molecules, have a pivotal role in the neuronal self-avoidance that is required for mammalian brain development5–7. The probabilistic expression of different cPcdh isoforms confers unique identities on neurons and forms the basis for neuronal processes to discriminate between self and non-self5,6,8. Whether this self-recognition mechanism also exists in astrocytes remains unknown. Here we report that γC3, a specific isoform in the Pcdhγ family, is enriched in human and mouse astrocytes. Using genetic manipulation, we demonstrate that γC3 acts autonomously to regulate astrocyte morphogenesis in the mouse visual cortex. To determine whether γC3 proteins act by promoting recognition between processes of the same astrocyte, we generated pairs of γC3 chimeric proteins that are capable of heterophilic binding to each other, but incapable of homophilic binding. Co-expression of complementary heterophilic binding isoform pairs in the same γC3-null astrocyte restored normal morphology. By contrast, chimeric γC3 proteins individually expressed in single γC3-null mutant astrocytes did not. These data establish that self-recognition mediated by γC3 contributes to astrocyte development in the mammalian brain. Human and mouse astrocytes express the protocadherin PcdhγC3, which promotes self-recognition of individual astrocytes, thereby contributing to normal astrocyte and brain development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, John H. and Sergeeva, Alina P. and Ahlsén, Göran and Mannepalli, Seetha and Bahna, Fabiana and Goodman, Kerry M. and Xu, Runzhe and Khakh, Baljit S. and Weiner, Joshua A. and Shapiro, Lawrence and Honig, Barry and Zipursky, S. Lawrence}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09013-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {164-172}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Astrocyte morphogenesis requires self-recognition}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial transcriptomics reveals human cortical layer and area specification. NATURE, 644(8075), 153-163. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The human cerebral cortex is composed of six layers and dozens of areas that are molecularly and structurally distinct1–4. Although single-cell transcriptomic studies have advanced the molecular characterization of human cortical development, a substantial gap exists owing to the loss of spatial context during cell dissociation5–8. Here we used multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH)9, augmented with deep-learning-based nucleus segmentation, to examine the molecular, cellular and cytoarchitectural development of the human fetal cortex with spatially resolved single-cell resolution. Our extensive spatial atlas, encompassing more than 18 million single cells, spans eight cortical areas across seven developmental time points. We uncovered the early establishment of the six-layer structure, identifiable by the laminar distribution of excitatory neuron subtypes, 3 months before the emergence of cytoarchitectural layers. Notably, we discovered two distinct modes of cortical areal specification during mid-gestation: (1) a continuous, gradual transition observed across most cortical areas along the anterior–posterior axis and (2) a discrete, abrupt boundary specifically identified between the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual cortices as early as gestational week 20. This sharp binary transition in V1–V2 neuronal subtypes challenges the notion that mid-gestation cortical arealization involves only gradient-like transitions6,10. Furthermore, integrating single-nucleus RNA sequencing with MERFISH revealed an early upregulation of synaptogenesis in V1-specific layer 4 neurons. Collectively, our findings underscore the crucial role of spatial relationships in determining the molecular specification of cortical layers and areas. This study establishes a spatially resolved single-cell analysis paradigm and paves the way for the construction of a comprehensive developmental atlas of the human brain. Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) together with deep-learning-based nucleus segmentation enabled the construction of a highly detailed and informative spatially resolved single-cell atlas of human fetal cortical development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qian, Xuyu and Coleman, Kyle and Jiang, Shunzhou and Kriz, Andrea J. and Marciano, Jack H. and Luo, Chunyu and Cai, Chunhui and Manam, Monica Devi and Caglayan, Emre and Lai, Abbe and Exposito-Alonso, David and Otani, Aoi and Ghosh, Urmi and Shao, Diane D. and Andersen, Rebecca E. and Neil, Jennifer E. and Johnson, Robert and LeFevre, Alexandra and Hecht, Jonathan L. and Micali, Nicola and Sestan, Nenad and Rakic, Pasko and Miller, Michael B. and Sun, Liang and Stringer, Carsen and Li, Mingyao and Walsh, Christopher A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09010-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {153-163}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial transcriptomics reveals human cortical layer and area specification}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An instantaneous voice-synthesis neuroprosthesis. NATURE, 644(8075), 145-152. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury. BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates of attempted speech into text1–3. However, text communication fails to capture the nuances of human speech, such as prosody and immediately hearing one’s own voice. Here we demonstrate a brain-to-voice neuroprosthesis that instantaneously synthesizes voice with closed-loop audio feedback by decoding neural activity from 256 microelectrodes implanted into the ventral precentral gyrus of a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and severe dysarthria. We overcame the challenge of lacking ground-truth speech for training the neural decoder and were able to accurately synthesize his voice. Along with phonemic content, we were also able to decode paralinguistic features from intracortical activity, enabling the participant to modulate his BCI-synthesized voice in real time to change intonation and sing short melodies. These results demonstrate the feasibility of enabling people with paralysis to speak intelligibly and expressively through a BCI. A brain-to-voice neuroprosthesis enables a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to synthesize his voice in real time by decoding neural activity, demonstrating the potential of brain–computer interfaces to enable people with paralysis to speak intelligibly and expressively.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wairagkar, Maitreyee and Card, Nicholas S. and Singer-Clark, Tyler and Hou, Xianda and Iacobacci, Carrina and Miller, Lee M. and Hochberg, Leigh R. and Brandman, David M. and Stavisky, Sergey D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09127-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {145-152}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An instantaneous voice-synthesis neuroprosthesis}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The mutagenic forces shaping the genomes of lung cancer in never smokers. NATURE, 644(8075), 133-144. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) accounts for around 25% of all lung cancers1,2 and has been associated with exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and air pollution in observational studies3–5. Here we use data from the Sherlock-Lung study to evaluate mutagenic exposures in LCINS by examining the cancer genomes of 871 treatment-naive individuals with lung cancer who had never smoked, from 28 geographical locations. KRAS mutations were 3.8 times more common in adenocarcinomas of never smokers from North America and Europe than in those from East Asia, whereas a higher prevalence of EGFR and TP53 mutations was observed in adenocarcinomas of never smokers from East Asia. Signature SBS40a, with unknown cause6, contributed the largest proportion of single base substitutions in adenocarcinomas, and was enriched in cases with EGFR mutations. Signature SBS22a, which is associated with exposure to aristolochic acid7,8, was observed almost exclusively in patients from Taiwan. Exposure to secondhand smoke was not associated with individual driver mutations or mutational signatures. By contrast, patients from regions with high levels of air pollution were more likely to have TP53 mutations and shorter telomeres. They also exhibited an increase in most types of mutations, including a 3.9-fold increase in signature SBS4, which has previously been linked with tobacco smoking9, and a 76% increase in the clock-like10 signature SBS5. A positive dose–response effect was observed with air-pollution levels, correlating with both a decrease in telomere length and an increase in somatic mutations, mainly attributed to signatures SBS4 and SBS5. Our results elucidate the diversity of mutational processes shaping the genomic landscape of lung cancer in never smokers. An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Díaz-Gay, Marcos and Zhang, Tongwu and Hoang, Phuc H. and Leduc, Charles and Baine, Marina K. and Travis, William D. and Sholl, Lynette M. and Joubert, Philippe and Khandekar, Azhar and Zhao, Wei and Steele, Christopher D. and Otlu, Burçak and Nandi, Shuvro P. and Vangara, Raviteja and Bergstrom, Erik N. and Kazachkova, Mariya and Pich, Oriol and Swanton, Charles and Hsiung, Chao Agnes and Chang, I-Shou and Wong, Maria Pik and Leung, Kin Chung and Sang, Jian and McElderry, John P. and Hartman, Caleb and Colón-Matos, Frank J. and Miraftab, Mona and Saha, Monjoy and Lee, Olivia W. and Jones, Kristine M. and Gallego-García, Pilar and Yang, Yang and Zhong, Xiaoming and Edell, Eric S. and Santamaría, Jacobo Martínez and Schabath, Matthew B. and Yendamuri, Sai S. and Manczuk, Marta and Lissowska, Jolanta and Świątkowska, Beata and Mukeria, Anush and Shangina, Oxana and Zaridze, David and Holcatova, Ivana and Mates, Dana and Milosavljevic, Sasa and Kontic, Millica and Bossé, Yohan and Rothberg, Bonnie E. Gould and Christiani, David C. and Gaborieau, Valerie and Brennan, Paul and Liu, Geoffrey and Hofman, Paul and Yang, Lixing and Nowak, Martin A. and Shi, Jianxin and Rothman, Nathaniel and Wedge, David C. and Homer, Robert and Yang, Soo-Ryum and Pesatori, Angela C. and Consonni, Dario and Lan, Qing and Zhu, Bin and Chanock, Stephen J. and Choi, Jiyeon and Alexandrov, Ludmil B. and Landi, Maria Teresa}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09219-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {133-144}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The mutagenic forces shaping the genomes of lung cancer in never smokers}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the uralic and yeniseian peoples. NATURE, 644(8075), 122-132. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples, but much of their history is poorly understood. In particular, the genomic formation of populations that speak Uralic and Yeniseian languages today is unknown. Here, by generating genome-wide data for 180 ancient individuals spanning this region, we show that the Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers harboured a continuous gradient of ancestry from fully European-related in the Baltic, to fully East Asian-related in the Transbaikal. Contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia were off-gradient and descended from a population that was the primary source for Native Americans, which then mixed with populations of Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin to produce two populations whose expansion coincided with the collapse of pre-Bronze Age population structure. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is associated with Yeniseian-speaking groups and those that admixed with them, and ancestry from the second, Yakutia Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is associated with migrations of prehistoric Uralic speakers. We show that Yakutia_LNBA first dispersed westwards from the Lena River Basin around 4,000 years ago into the Altai-Sayan region and into West Siberian communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy—a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that expanded explosively from the Altai1. The 16 Seima-Turbino period individuals were diverse in their ancestry, also harbouring DNA from Indo-Iranian-associated pastoralists and from a range of hunter-gatherer groups. Thus, both cultural transmission and migration were key to the Seima-Turbino phenomenon, which was involved in the initial spread of early Uralic-speaking communities. Genome-wide sequencing of 180 ancient individuals shows a continuous gradient of ancestry in Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers from the Baltic to the Transbaikal region and distinct contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia, and provides insights into the origins of modern Uralic and Yeniseian speakers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zeng, Tian Chen and Vyazov, Leonid A. and Kim, Alexander and Flegontov, Pavel and Sirak, Kendra and Maier, Robert and Lazaridis, Iosif and Akbari, Ali and Frachetti, Michael and Tishkin, Alexey A. and Ryabogina, Natalia E. and Agapov, Sergey A. and Agapov, Danila S. and Alekseev, Anatoliy N. and Boeskorov, Gennady G. and Derevianko, Anatoly P. and Dyakonov, Viktor M. and Enshin, Dmitry N. and Fribus, Alexey V. and Frolov, Yaroslav V. and Grushin, Sergey P. and Khokhlov, Alexander A. and Kiryushin, Kirill Yu. and Kiryushin, Yurii F. and Kitov, Egor P. and Kosintsev, Pavel and Kovtun, Igor V. and Makarov, Nikolai P. and Morozov, Viktor V. and Nikolaev, Egor N. and Rykun, Marina P. and Savenkova, Tatyana M. and Shchelchkova, Marina V. and Shirokov, Vladimir and Skochina, Svetlana N. and Sherstobitova, Olga S. and Slepchenko, Sergey M. and Solodovnikov, Konstantin N. and Solovyova, Elena N. and Stepanov, Aleksandr D. and Timoshchenko, Aleksei A. and Vdovin, Aleksandr S. and Vybornov, Anton V. and Balanovska, Elena V. and Dryomov, Stanislav and Hellenthal, Garrett and Kidd, Kenneth and Krause, Johannes and Starikovskaya, Elena and Sukernik, Rem and Tatarinova, Tatiana and Thomas, Mark G. and Zhabagin, Maxat and Callan, Kim and Cheronet, Olivia and Fernandes, Daniel and Keating, Denise and Candilio, Francesca and Iliev, Lora and Kearns, Aisling and Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Michel, Megan and Olalde, Iñigo and Zalzala, Fatma and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Pinhasi, Ron and Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09189-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {122-132}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the uralic and yeniseian peoples}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of africa dispersal. NATURE, 644(8075), 115-121. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {All contemporary Eurasians trace most of their ancestry to a small population that dispersed out of Africa about 50,000 years ago (ka)1–9. By contrast, fossil evidence attests to earlier migrations out of Africa10–15. These lines of evidence can only be reconciled if early dispersals made little to no genetic contribution to the later, major wave. A key question therefore concerns what factors facilitated the successful later dispersal that led to long-term settlement beyond Africa. Here we show that a notable expansion in human niche breadth within Africa precedes this later dispersal. We assembled a pan-African database of chronometrically dated archaeological sites and used species distribution models (SDMs) to quantify changes in the bioclimatic niche over the past 120,000 years. We found that the human niche began to expand substantially from 70 ka and that this expansion was driven by humans increasing their use of diverse habitat types, from forests to arid deserts. Thus, humans dispersing out of Africa after 50 ka were equipped with a distinctive ecological flexibility among hominins as they encountered climatically challenging habitats, providing a key mechanism for their adaptive success. Analysis of species distribution models in a pan-African database comprising chronometrically dated archaeological sites over the past 120,000 years shows major expansion in the human niche from 70 ka, driven by adaptation to diverse habitats.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hallett, Emily Y. and Leonardi, Michela and Cerasoni, Jacopo Niccolò and Will, Manuel and Beyer, Robert and Krapp, Mario and Kandel, Andrew W. and Manica, Andrea and Scerri, Eleanor M. L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09154-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {115-121}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of africa dispersal}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Invariance of dynamo action in an early-earth model. NATURE, 644(8075), 109-114. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnetic field generation on Earth has probably persisted for at least 3.5 Gyr (refs. 1,2), initially sustained by secular cooling of the Earth’s core and, more recently, by the growth of the solid inner core3. Numerical models of the present-day geodynamo have proved to be successful in producing Earth-like magnetic fields4–7 and approaching realistic dynamic regimes8–11. However, thermal evolution12,13 and palaeomagnetic records14,15 suggest that the geodynamo operated for most of geomagnetic history without a solid inner core. Dynamo action in a whole fluid core remains poorly understood. Here we show dynamo actions that are independent of fluid viscosity in the correct geometry of the Earth’s core in the deep past at extremely low viscosity, demonstrating the negligible role of fluid viscosity in our dynamo simulations. Our early-Earth geometry models produce magnetic field intensity and morphologies that are compatible with the palaeomagnetic data in the deep past while showing remarkable similarity to the present-day magnetic field. This raises questions about the role of the solid inner core in producing the spatial-temporal variations of the observed Earth’s magnetic field7,16–18. Early-Earth geometry models are presented, producing magnetic field intensity and morphologies agreeing with palaeomagnetic data in the deep past and demonstrating the negligible role of fluid viscosity in the Earth’s early geodynamo.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Yufeng and Marti, Philippe and Jackson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09334-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {109-114}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Invariance of dynamo action in an early-earth model}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Modular arene functionalization by differential 1,2-diborylation. NATURE, 644(8075), 102-108. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aromatic rings, also known as arenes, containing two or more adjacent different substituents are ubiquitously found in small-molecule drugs1. Strategies that can rapidly introduce diverse vicinal substituents to readily available precursors would greatly benefit the generation of analogues of biologically active compounds2, which, however, remain challenging to realize so far. The existing approaches for preparing vicinal difunctionalized arenes lack modularity, regioselectivity or generality. Here we report a nickel-catalysed arene vicinal diborylation method that can directly install two chemically differentiated boryl groups in a regioselective and site-selective manner using readily available aryl triflates or chlorides as substrates. This reaction operates under simple and mild conditions and is scalable. It also shows a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Given that each boryl group can be independently transformed into various functional groups, this method offers a modular, regioselective and divergent approach to access diverse vicinal difunctionalized arenes, showing promise for constructing analogue libraries. The combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal a highly unusual reaction pathway, involving the formation of a dearomatized gem-diboryl species and 1,2-boron migration. The site-selectivity and regioselectivity of this reaction are proposed to be controlled by steric interactions of the boryl groups with the nickel catalyst. The mechanistic insights gained in this investigation could have broad implications on developing other boron-mediated functionalization reactions. A nickel-catalysed vicinal diborylation method is described, which can install two different boron functional groups on aromatic rings in a regioselective and site-selective manner, enabling the rapid synthesis of complex molecular building blocks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huo, Jingfeng and Fu, Yue and Tang, Melody J. and Su, Ya and Hu, Shengkun and Liu, Peng and Dong, Guangbin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09284-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {102-108}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Modular arene functionalization by differential 1,2-diborylation}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Redox-powered autonomous directional C–C bond rotation under enzyme control. NATURE, 644(8075), 96-101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Living biological systems rely on the continuous operation of chemical reaction networks. These networks sustain out-of-equilibrium regimes in which chemical energy is continually converted into controlled mechanical work and motion1–3. Out-of-equilibrium reaction networks have also enabled the design and successful development of artificial autonomously operating molecular machines4,5, in which networks comprising pairs of formally—but non-microscopically—reverse reaction pathways drive controlled motion at the molecular level. In biological systems, the concurrent operation of several reaction pathways is enabled by the chemoselectivity of enzymes and their cofactors, and nature’s dissipative reaction networks involve several classes of reactions. By contrast, the reactivity that has been harnessed to develop chemical reaction networks in pursuit of artificial molecular machines is limited to a single reaction type. Only a small number of synthetic systems exhibit chemically fuelled continuous controlled molecular-level motion6–8 and all exploit the same class of acylation–hydrolysis reaction. Here we show that a redox reaction network, comprising concurrent oxidation and reduction pathways, can drive chemically fuelled continuous autonomous unidirectional motion about a C–C bond in a structurally simple synthetic molecular motor based on an achiral biphenyl. The combined use of an oxidant and reductant as fuels and the directionality of the motor are both enabled by exploiting the enantioselectivity and functional separation of reactivity inherent to enzyme catalysis. A redox reaction network, comprising concurrent oxidation and reduction pathways, is described that can drive autonomous unidirectional motion about a C–C bond in a structurally simple synthetic molecular motor based on an achiral biphenyl.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berreur, Jordan and Watts, Olivia F. B. and Bulless, Theo H. N. and O’Donoghue, Nicholas T. and Del Olmo, Marc and Winter, Ashley J. and Clayden, Jonathan and Collins, Beatrice S. L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09291-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {96-101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Redox-powered autonomous directional C–C bond rotation under enzyme control}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Data-driven de novo design of super-adhesive hydrogels. NATURE, 644(8075), 89-95. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data-driven methodologies have transformed the discovery and prediction of hard materials with well-defined atomic structures by leveraging standardized datasets, enabling accurate property predictions and facilitating efficient exploration of design spaces1–3. However, their application to soft materials remains challenging because of complex, multiscale structure–property relationships4–6. Here we present a data-driven approach that integrates data mining, experimentation and machine learning to design high-performance adhesive hydrogels from scratch, tailored for demanding underwater environments. By leveraging protein databases, we developed a descriptor strategy to statistically replicate protein sequence patterns in polymer strands by ideal random copolymerization, enabling targeted hydrogel design and dataset construction. Using machine learning, we optimized hydrogel formulations from an initial dataset of 180 bioinspired hydrogels, achieving remarkable improvements in adhesive strength, with a maximum value exceeding 1 MPa. These super-adhesive hydrogels hold immense potential across diverse applications, from biomedical engineering to deep-sea exploration, marking a notable advancement in data-driven innovation for soft materials. A data-driven approach integrates data mining, experimentation and machine learning to design high-performance adhesive hydrogels from scratch, tailored for demanding underwater environments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liao, Hongguang and Hu, Sheng and Yang, Hu and Wang, Lei and Tanaka, Shinya and Takigawa, Ichigaku and Li, Wei and Fan, Hailong and Gong, Jian Ping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09269-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {89-95}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Data-driven de novo design of super-adhesive hydrogels}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Magnon spectroscopy in the electron microscope. NATURE, 644(8075), 83-88. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The miniaturization of transistors is approaching its limits owing to challenges in heat management and information transfer speed1. To overcome these obstacles, emerging technologies such as spintronics2 are being developed, which make use of the electron’s spin as well as its charge. Local phenomena at interfaces or structural defects will greatly influence the efficiency of spin-based devices, making the ability to study spin-wave propagation at the nanoscale and atomic scale a key challenge3,4. The development of high-spatial-resolution tools to investigate spin waves, also called magnons, at relevant length scales is thus essential to understand how their properties are affected by local features. Here we detect bulk THz magnons at the nanoscale using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). By using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy with hybrid-pixel electron detectors, we overcome the challenges posed by weak signals to map THz magnon excitations in a thin NiO nanocrystal. Advanced inelastic electron scattering simulations corroborate our findings. These results open new avenues for detecting magnons and exploring their dispersions and their modifications arising from nanoscale structural or chemical defects. This marks a milestone in magnonics and presents exciting opportunities for the development of spintronic devices. A method combining scanning transmission electron microscopy with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy enables the observation of magnons and their dispersion, and provides a way to examine magnetic inhomogeneities with nanometre spatial resolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kepaptsoglou, Demie and Castellanos-Reyes, José Ángel and Kerrigan, Adam and Alves do Nascimento, Júlio and Zeiger, Paul M. and El hajraoui, Khalil and Idrobo, Juan Carlos and Mendis, Budhika G. and Bergman, Anders and Lazarov, Vlado K. and Rusz, Ján and Ramasse, Quentin M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09318-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {83-88}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Magnon spectroscopy in the electron microscope}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-range hyperbolic polaritons on a non-hyperbolic crystal surface. NATURE, 644(8075), 76-82. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hybridized matter–photon excitations in hyperbolic crystals—anisotropic materials characterized by permittivity tensor components with opposite sign—have attracted substantial attention owing to their strong light–matter interactions in the form of hyperbolic polaritons1–3. However, these phenomena have been restricted to hyperbolic crystals, whose optical responses are confined to fixed spectral regions and lack tunability, thereby limiting their broader applicability4,5. Here we demonstrate the emergence of hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons in a non-hyperbolic yttrium vanadate (YVO4) crystal. Using real-space nanoimaging combined with theoretical analyses, we visualize hyperbolic wavefronts of surface phonon polaritons on YVO4 crystal surfaces within its non-hyperbolic frequency range, where the permittivity tensor components of the material have the same negative sign. Furthermore, by varying the temperature from room temperature to cryogenic levels, we realize in situ manipulation of polariton dispersions, enabling a topological transition from hyperbolic to canalization and eventually to the elliptic regime. This temperature-controlled dispersion engineering not only provides precise control over polariton topology but also modulates their wavelength and group velocity, showing remarkable sensitivity alongside low-loss, long-range propagation. These findings extend the realm of hyperbolic nano-optics by removing the reliance on hyperbolic crystals, unlocking opportunities for applications in negative refraction6–10, superlensing11,12, polaritonic chemistry13, integrated photonics14–16 and beyond. Real-space nanoimaging and theoretical analyses show the emergence of hyperbolic phonon polaritons on the surface of a non-hyperbolic material and that the polariton dispersions can be manipulated by varying the temperature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Lu and Xiong, Langlang and Wang, Chongwu and Bai, Yihua and Ma, Weiliang and Wang, Yupeng and Li, Peining and Li, Guogang and Wang, Qi Jie and Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J. and Dai, Zhigao and Hu, Guangwei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09288-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {76-82}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-range hyperbolic polaritons on a non-hyperbolic crystal surface}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High-accuracy laser spectroscopy of $${{\bf{H}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$ and the proton–electron mass ratio. NATURE, 644(8075), 69-75. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The molecular hydrogen ions (MHI) are three-body systems suitable for advancing our knowledge in several domains: fundamental constants, tests of quantum physics, search for new interparticle forces, tests of the weak equivalence principle1 and, once the anti-molecule $$\overline{p}\,\overline{p}\,{e}^{+}$$ becomes available, new tests of charge–parity–time-reversal invariance and local position invariance1–3. To achieve these goals, high-accuracy laser spectroscopy of several isotopologues, in particular $${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$$ , is required4. Here we present a Doppler-free laser spectroscopy of a $${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$$ rovibrational transition, achieving line resolutions as large as 2.2 × 1013. We accurately determine the transition frequency with 8 × 10−12 fractional uncertainty. We also determine the spin–rotation coupling coefficient with 0.1 kHz uncertainty and its value is consistent with the state-of-the-art theory prediction5. The combination of our theoretical and experimental $${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$$ data allows us to deduce a new value for the proton-electron mass ratio mp/me. It is in agreement with the value obtained from mass spectrometry and has 2.3 times lower uncertainty. From combined MHI, H/D and muonic H/D data, we determine the baryon mass ratio md/mp with 1.1 × 10−10 absolute uncertainty. The value agrees with the directly measured mass ratio6. Finally, we present a match between a theoretical prediction and an experimental result, with a fractional uncertainty of 8.1 × 10−12. Both results indicate a notable confirmation of the predictive power of quantum theory and the absence of beyond-the-standard-model effects at these levels. Doppler-free laser spectroscopy is used to measure with high precision a rovibrational transition frequency of trapped and cooled $${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$$ ions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alighanbari, S. and Schenkel, M. R. and Korobov, V. I. and Schiller, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09306-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {69-75}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High-accuracy laser spectroscopy of $${{\bf{H}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$ and the proton–electron mass ratio}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Coherent spectroscopy with a single antiproton spin. NATURE, 644(8075), 64-68. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Coherent quantum transition spectroscopy is a powerful tool in metrology1, quantum information processing2, magnetometry3 and precision tests of the standard model4. It was applied with great success in proton and deuteron magnetic moment measurements5, which culminated in maser spectroscopy with sub-parts-per-trillion resolution6 and many other experiments at the forefront of physics7. All of these experiments were performed on macroscopic ensembles of particles, whereas the coherent spectroscopy of a ‘free’ single nuclear spin has, to our knowledge, never been reported before. Here we demonstrate coherent quantum transition spectroscopy of the spin of a single antiproton stored in a cryogenic Penning-trap system. We apply a multi-trap technique8, detect the antiproton spin state using the continuous Stern–Gerlach effect9 and transport the particle to the homogeneous magnetic field of a precision trap (PT). Here we induce the coherent dynamics and analyse the result by quantum-projection measurements in the analysis trap (AT)10. We observe, for the first time, Rabi oscillations of an antiproton spin and achieve in time-series measurements spin-inversion probabilities greater than 80% at spin coherence times of about 50 s. Scans of single-particle spin resonances show inversions greater than 70%, at transition linewidths 16 times narrower than in previous measurements8, limited by cyclotron frequency measurement decoherence. This achievement marks a notable step towards at least tenfold improved tests of matter/antimatter symmetry using proton and antiproton magnetic moments. Coherent quantum transition spectroscopy of the spin of a single antiproton is reported, demonstrating Rabi oscillations of the spin and enabling improved measurement of matter/antimatter symmetry using proton and antiproton magnetic moments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Latacz, B. M. and Erlewein, S. R. and Fleck, M. and Jäger, J. I. and Abbass, F. and Arndt, B. P. and Geissler, P. and Imamura, T. and Leonhardt, M. and Micke, P. and Mooser, A. and Schweitzer, D. and Voelksen, F. and Wursten, E. and Yildiz, H. and Blaum, K. and Devlin, J. A. and Matsuda, Y. and Ospelkaus, C. and Quint, W. and Soter, A. and Walz, J. and Yamazaki, Y. and Smorra, C. and Ulmer, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09323-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {64-68}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Coherent spectroscopy with a single antiproton spin}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Kinetic turbulence drives MHD equilibrium change via 3D reconnection. NATURE, 644(8075), 59-63. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cross-scale coupling from magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to non-MHD scales is important in interpreting observations of explosive events in nature, such as solar flares and geomagnetic storms1,2. Experiments and observations also link it to the emergence of energetic particles and X-rays3. However, how this multi-scale physics affects the abrupt onset of reconnection remains unknown. Here we report observations from laboratory experiments involving two flux ropes with electron beams that induce magnetic turbulence and then abruptly merge into a single structure, altering the magnetic topology in the MHD regime. Two separate electron beams are launched along magnetic field lines and form individual flux ropes with a drift velocity higher than the ambient Alfvén velocity, effectively driving magnetic turbulence through beam-driven instabilities, as inferred from the increased level of the turbulent power spectrum. Experimental observations, including the appearance of energetic particles, increased ion temperature and changes in the characteristics of the flux ropes, suggest that beam-driven turbulence drives three-dimensional (3D) reconnection. 3D particle-in-cell simulations are performed, which successfully reproduce the key aspects of the experiment. These results directly explain how non-MHD kinetic processes progress through multiple scales to induce global MHD changes. Observations from laboratory experiments involving two flux ropes show that electron beams induce magnetic turbulence and abruptly merge into a single structure, altering the magnetic topology in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) regime — a process supported by three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, Jong Yoon and Yoon, Young Dae and Hwang, Yong-Seok}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09345-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {59-63}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Kinetic turbulence drives MHD equilibrium change via 3D reconnection}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The science fiction science method. NATURE, 644(8075), 51-58. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Predicting the social and behavioural impact of future technologies before they are achieved would enable us to guide their development and regulation before these impacts get entrenched. Traditionally, this prediction has relied on qualitative, narrative methods. Here we describe a method that uses experimental methods to simulate future technologies and collect quantitative measures of the attitudes and behaviours of participants assigned to controlled variations of the future. We call this method ‘science fiction science’. We suggest that the reason that this method has not been fully embraced yet, despite its potential benefits, is that experimental scientists may be reluctant to engage in work that faces such serious validity threats. To address these threats, we consider possible constraints on the types of technology that science fiction science may study, as well as the unconventional, immersive methods that it may require. We seek to provide perspective on the reasons why this method has been marginalized for so long, the benefits it would bring if it could be built on strong yet unusual methods, and how we can normalize these methods to help the diverse community of science fiction scientists to engage in a virtuous cycle of validity improvement. The ‘science fiction science’ method simulates future technologies and collects quantitative data on the attitudes and behaviours of participants in various future scenarios, with the aim of predicting impacts of future technologies before they arrive.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rahwan, Iyad and Shariff, Azim and Bonnefon, Jean-François}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09194-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {51-58}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The science fiction science method}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Baboons defend themselves by throwing stones. NATURE, 644(8075), 49. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fieldworkers dodge monkeys’ rocky missiles, and abandoned plans to make cork mattresses, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02257-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {49}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Baboons defend themselves by throwing stones}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Merging of magnetic plasma ‘flux ropes’ is driven by turbulence. NATURE, 644(8075), 48-50. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiments reveal that high-energy plasma events in the Solar System and beyond might be driven by magnetic fluctuations and turbulence that happen on very small scales. Experiments reveal that high-energy plasma events in the Solar System and beyond might be driven by magnetic fluctuations and turbulence that happen on very small scales.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Agudelo Rueda, Jeffersson}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02253-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {48-50}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Merging of magnetic plasma ‘flux ropes’ is driven by turbulence}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI learns from nature to design super-adhesive gels that work underwater. NATURE, 644(8075), 47-48. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The protein glues used by organisms to cling to wet surfaces have informed an AI-supported strategy to discover highly adhesive hydrogels. The protein glues used by organisms to cling to wet surfaces have informed an AI-supported strategy to discover highly adhesive hydrogels.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Russo, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02252-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {47-48}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI learns from nature to design super-adhesive gels that work underwater}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Neuronal transfer of mitochondria to tumour cells promotes cancer spread. NATURE, 644(8075), 46-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neurons often receive organelles called mitochondria from other cells. It emerges that neurons donate mitochondria that support cancer-cell spread. Neurons often receive organelles called mitochondria from other cells. It emerges that neurons donate mitochondria that support cancer-cell spread.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh, Anand K. and Pan, Yuan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01718-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {46-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Neuronal transfer of mitochondria to tumour cells promotes cancer spread}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Homo sapiens adapted to diverse habitats before successfully populating eurasia. NATURE, 644(8075), 44-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ecological modelling reveals that the range of habitats humans occupied in Africa increased before our species established a lasting presence outside the continent. Ecological modelling reveals that the range of habitats humans occupied in Africa increased before our species established a lasting presence outside the continent.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Banks, William E.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01710-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {44-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Homo sapiens adapted to diverse habitats before successfully populating eurasia}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The tiny mouse lemur could make for a mighty model organism. NATURE, 644(8075), 43-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A cellular atlas for a small, fast-reproducing primate could set the stage for scientists to use it as a model organism that has more human relevance than rodents. A cellular atlas for a small, fast-reproducing primate could set the stage for scientists to use it as a model organism that has more human relevance than rodents.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Camp, J. Gray}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01584-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {43-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The tiny mouse lemur could make for a mighty model organism}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Overcome threats to renewable energy through skilful statecraft. NATURE, 644(8075), 42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chandrashekeran, Sangeetha and Fish, Adam and Thurbon, Elizabeth and Sovacool, Benjamin K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02479-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Overcome threats to renewable energy through skilful statecraft}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t train medical AI on patients’ data without their knowledge. NATURE, 644(8075), 42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Banerjee, Toral and Lin, Rongyu and Shi, Mengyuan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02480-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t train medical AI on patients’ data without their knowledge}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protection from biological hazards at work arrives at last. NATURE, 644(8075), 42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kathagen, Gunter}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02481-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protection from biological hazards at work arrives at last}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tackle fake citations generated by AI. NATURE, 644(8075), 42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharifi, Ayyoob}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02482-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tackle fake citations generated by AI}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Conserve marine migratory species to protect ecological links between land and sea. NATURE, 644(8075), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lassalle, Géraldine and Lambert, Patrick and Darnaude, Audrey M. and de Almeida, Pedro Raposo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02475-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Conserve marine migratory species to protect ecological links between land and sea}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protect palestinian archaeological sites during war. NATURE, 644(8075), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alsaud, Loay Abu}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02476-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protect palestinian archaeological sites during war}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Breed giant prawns to withstand disease and climate change. NATURE, 644(8075), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Fengbo and Gao, Qiang}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02477-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Breed giant prawns to withstand disease and climate change}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plan-B careers can be a force for good in science. NATURE, 644(8075), 41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marrs, Kathleen A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02478-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plan-B careers can be a force for good in science}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We need a new ethics for a world of AI agents. NATURE, 644(8075), 38-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The deployment of capable AI agents raises fresh questions about safety, human–machine relationships and social coordination. The deployment of capable AI agents raises fresh questions about safety, human–machine relationships and social coordination.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gabriel, Iason and Keeling, Geoff and Manzini, Arianna and Evans, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02454-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {38-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We need a new ethics for a world of AI agents}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). To save lives in heatwaves, focus on how human bodies work. NATURE, 644(8075), 35-38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Strategies for heat-health preparedness should concentrate on cooling people, not just the air. Strategies for heat-health preparedness should concentrate on cooling people, not just the air.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jay, Ollie and Vanos, Jennifer and Gagnon, Daniel and Tartarini, Federico}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02461-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {35-38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {To save lives in heatwaves, focus on how human bodies work}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Environmental politics is doomed to fail — Unless we tell better stories. NATURE, 644(8075), 32-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Political thinking on global crises has become trapped. We need a new narrative. Political thinking on global crises has become trapped. We need a new narrative.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Macnaghten, Philip}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02459-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {32-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Environmental politics is doomed to fail — Unless we tell better stories}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘The sun had fallen to earth’ — A survivor’s recollection of the hiroshima bombing. NATURE, 644(8075), 29-32. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Eighty years after the atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, it is crucial that witness accounts are saved. Here is what one man told me. Eighty years after the atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, it is crucial that witness accounts are saved. Here is what one man told me.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sheftall, Mordecai}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02460-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {29-32}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘The sun had fallen to earth’ — A survivor’s recollection of the hiroshima bombing}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The peer-review crisis: How to fix an overloaded system. NATURE, 644(8075), 24-27. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Journals and funders are trying to boost the speed and effectiveness of review processes that are under strain. Journals and funders are trying to boost the speed and effectiveness of review processes that are under strain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adam, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02457-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {24-27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The peer-review crisis: How to fix an overloaded system}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). This company claimed to ‘de-extinct’ dire wolves. then the fighting started.. NATURE, 644(8075), 21-23. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Colossal’s bold announcements have drawn criticism from many scientists, but the billion-dollar firm is not backing down. Colossal’s bold announcements have drawn criticism from many scientists, but the billion-dollar firm is not backing down.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02456-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {21-23}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {This company claimed to ‘de-extinct’ dire wolves. then the fighting started.}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why suppressing all wildfires has made today’s megafires worse. NATURE, 644(8075), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Satellites, drones and artificial-intelligence tools can improve fire management — but they must be informed by wildfire science, or we risk worsening the problem for decades. Satellites, drones and artificial-intelligence tools can improve fire management — but they must be informed by wildfire science, or we risk worsening the problem for decades.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharples, Jason}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02455-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why suppressing all wildfires has made today’s megafires worse}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists can help stop a slide to nuclear war — Don’t shut them out again. NATURE, 644(8075), 7. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {It has taken the United Nations nearly 40 years to commission another study on the effects of nuclear conflict. Better late than never. It has taken the United Nations nearly 40 years to commission another study on the effects of nuclear conflict. Better late than never.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02453-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {8}, number = {8075}, pages = {7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists can help stop a slide to nuclear war — Don’t shut them out again}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The COVID-19 pandemic transformed this scientist into a research-integrity sleuth. NATURE, 644(8075), 291-293. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lonni Besançon has faced online abuse, threats and legal challenges. But he remains proud of his service to science and society. Lonni Besançon has faced online abuse, threats and legal challenges. But he remains proud of his service to science and society.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01920-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {291-293}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic transformed this scientist into a research-integrity sleuth}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DeepMind and OpenAI models solve maths problems at level of top students. NATURE, 644(8075), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For the first time, large language models performed on a par with gold medallists in the International Mathematical Olympiad. For the first time, large language models performed on a par with gold medallists in the International Mathematical Olympiad.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02343-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DeepMind and OpenAI models solve maths problems at level of top students}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mystery food in neanderthal diet might be maggots. NATURE, 644(8075), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study of rotting human cadavers hints that a puzzling chemical marker in Neanderthal remains could be from eating the larvae. Study of rotting human cadavers hints that a puzzling chemical marker in Neanderthal remains could be from eating the larvae.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02334-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mystery food in neanderthal diet might be maggots}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How china’s bold talent recruitment has shaped science. NATURE, 644(8075), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many Chinese researchers have received enviable benefits and positions after returning from training abroad. Many Chinese researchers have received enviable benefits and positions after returning from training abroad.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02336-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How china’s bold talent recruitment has shaped science}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The brain fires up immune cells when sick people are nearby. NATURE, 644(8075), 17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When people viewed virtual avatars with coughs or rashes, their brains triggered an immune response. When people viewed virtual avatars with coughs or rashes, their brains triggered an immune response.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02363-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The brain fires up immune cells when sick people are nearby}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to tackle research misconduct: Survey finds stark disagreement. NATURE, 644(8075), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data sleuths and research-integrity officers have different views on how to handle allegations of wrongdoing in science. Data sleuths and research-integrity officers have different views on how to handle allegations of wrongdoing in science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02365-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to tackle research misconduct: Survey finds stark disagreement}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Columbia researchers eager to restart science after university’s deal with trump. NATURE, 644(8075), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The institution agreed to increased federal oversight in exchange for restored grants and an end to government investigations. The institution agreed to increased federal oversight in exchange for restored grants and an end to government investigations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna and Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02403-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Columbia researchers eager to restart science after university’s deal with trump}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Powerful satellite will map changes on earth in stunning detail — Down to a centimetre. NATURE, 644(8075), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {But will the US–India mission be the last for NASA for a long time to come? But will the US–India mission be the last for NASA for a long time to come?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02402-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Powerful satellite will map changes on earth in stunning detail — Down to a centimetre}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Intricate origins of ice mummy’s ink revealed. NATURE, 644(8075), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Imaging suggests that more than one tattooist applied pigment to the hands and forearms of a woman who lived more than two millennia ago. Imaging suggests that more than one tattooist applied pigment to the hands and forearms of a woman who lived more than two millennia ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02327-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Intricate origins of ice mummy’s ink revealed}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lava planets’ atmospheres give away what lies beneath. NATURE, 644(8075), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modelling suggests that data collected by JWST will be able to distinguish between planets that are molten to the core and those that are not. Modelling suggests that data collected by JWST will be able to distinguish between planets that are molten to the core and those that are not.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02328-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lava planets’ atmospheres give away what lies beneath}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Potato, tomato: The roots of the modern tater. NATURE, 644(8075), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A meet-cute millions of years ago gave rise to the tubers of today’s potatoes. A meet-cute millions of years ago gave rise to the tubers of today’s potatoes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02329-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Potato, tomato: The roots of the modern tater}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Wind droughts’ driven by climate change put green power at risk. NATURE, 644(8075), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Warming in the Arctic shifts storm patterns, leading to reductions in wind speeds in places that rely on turbines for clean electricity. Warming in the Arctic shifts storm patterns, leading to reductions in wind speeds in places that rely on turbines for clean electricity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02330-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8075}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Wind droughts’ driven by climate change put green power at risk}, volume = {644}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Targeting GRPR for sex hormone-dependent cancer after loss of E-cadherin. NATURE, 643(8074), E28. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Raymond, Jérémy H. and Aktary, Zackie and Pouteaux, Marie and Petit, Valérie and Luciani, Flavie and Wehbe, Maria and Gizzi, Patrick and Bourban, Claire and Decaudin, Didier and Nemati, Fariba and Martianov, Igor and Davidson, Irwin and Tomasetto, Catherine-Laure and White, Richard M. and Mahuteau-Betzer, Florence and Vergier, Béatrice and Larue, Lionel and Delmas, Véronique}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09353-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {E28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Targeting GRPR for sex hormone-dependent cancer after loss of E-cadherin}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific t cells in humans. NATURE, 643(8074), E27. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Şahin, Uğur and Muik, Alexander and Vogler, Isabel and Derhovanessian, Evelyna and Kranz, Lena M. and Vormehr, Mathias and Quandt, Jasmin and Bidmon, Nicole and Ulges, Alexander and Baum, Alina and Pascal, Kristen E. and Maurus, Daniel and Brachtendorf, Sebastian and Lörks, Verena and Sikorski, Julian and Koch, Peter and Hilker, Rolf and Becker, Dirk and Eller, Ann-Kathrin and Grützner, Jan and Tonigold, Manuel and Boesler, Carsten and Rosenbaum, Corinna and Heesen, Ludwig and Kühnle, Marie-Cristine and Poran, Asaf and Dong, Jesse Z. and Luxemburger, Ulrich and Kemmer-Brück, Alexandra and Langer, David and Bexon, Martin and Bolte, Stefanie and Palanche, Tania and Schultz, Armin and Baumann, Sybille and Mahiny, Azita J. and Boros, Gábor and Reinholz, Jonas and Szabó, Gábor T. and Karikó, Katalin and Shi, Pei-Yong and Fontes-Garfias, Camila and Perez, John L. and Cutler, Mark and Cooper, David and Kyratsous, Christos A. and Dormitzer, Philip R. and Jansen, Kathrin U. and Türeci, Özlem}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09355-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {E27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific t cells in humans}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Adhesive anti-fibrotic interfaces on diverse organs. NATURE, 643(8074), E26. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Jingjing and Deng, Jue and Theocharidis, Georgios and Sarrafian, Tiffany L. and Griffiths, Leigh G. and Bronson, Roderick T. and Veves, Aristidis and Chen, Jianzhu and Yuk, Hyunwoo and Zhao, Xuanhe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09311-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {E26}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Adhesive anti-fibrotic interfaces on diverse organs}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Genome-wide CRISPR screen in human t cells reveals regulators of FOXP3. NATURE, 643(8074), E25. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Kelvin Y. and Kibayashi, Tatsuya and Giguelay, Ambre and Hata, Mayu and Nakajima, Shunsuke and Mikami, Norihisa and Takeshima, Yusuke and Ichiyama, Kenji and Omiya, Ryusuke and Ludwig, Leif S. and Hattori, Kunihiro and Sakaguchi, Shimon}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09356-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {E25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Genome-wide CRISPR screen in human t cells reveals regulators of FOXP3}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How i’m helping to develop more-resilient food systems. NATURE, 643(8074), 1444. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Geographer Bhogtoram Mawroh works with Indigenous People in Meghalaya, India, to adapt agriculture to climate change. Geographer Bhogtoram Mawroh works with Indigenous People in Meghalaya, India, to adapt agriculture to climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02352-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1444}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How i’m helping to develop more-resilient food systems}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Academic language has become a proxy for european culture wars. NATURE, 643(8074), 1440-1441. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some European governments are rethinking the use of English in universities, exposing tensions between internationalization and national priorities. Some European governments are rethinking the use of English in universities, exposing tensions between internationalization and national priorities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01983-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1440-1441}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Academic language has become a proxy for european culture wars}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Survey of US postdocs finds threefold increase in job losses. NATURE, 643(8074), 1439-1440. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Country-wide cuts are difficult to determine, but a survey by the National Postdoctoral Association reveals mounting pressures. Country-wide cuts are difficult to determine, but a survey by the National Postdoctoral Association reveals mounting pressures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Udesky, Laurie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02140-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1439-1440}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Survey of US postdocs finds threefold increase in job losses}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Allosteric modulation and biased signalling at free fatty acid receptor 2. NATURE, 643(8074), 1428-1438. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is a primary sensor for short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota. Consequently, FFA2 is a promising drug target for immunometabolic disorders1–4. Here we report cryogenic electronic microscopy structures of FFA2 in complex with two G proteins and three distinct classes of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), and describe noncanonical activation mechanisms that involve conserved structural features of class A GPCRs. Two PAMs disrupt the E/DRY activation microswitch5 and stabilize the conformation of intracellular loop 2 by binding to lipid-facing pockets near the cytoplasmic side of the receptor. By contrast, the third PAM promotes the separation of transmembrane helices 6 and 7 by interacting with transmembrane helix 6 at the receptor–lipid interface. Molecular dynamic simulations and mutagenesis experiments confirm these noncanonical activation mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the molecular basis for the Gi versus Gq bias, which is due to distinct conformations of intracellular loop 2 stabilized by different PAMs. These findings provide a framework for the design of tailored GPCR modulators, with implications that extend beyond FFA2 to the broader field of GPCR drug discovery. Structural, pharmacological and computational studies reveal how different classes of positive allosteric modulators bind to distinct allosteric sites and use noncanonical mechanisms to activate the free-fatty acid receptor FFA2.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Xuan and Guseinov, Abdul-Akim and Jenkins, Laura and Valentini, Alice and Marsango, Sara and Schultz-Knudsen, Katrine and Ulven, Trond and Rexen Ulven, Elisabeth and Tikhonova, Irina G. and Milligan, Graeme and Zhang, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09186-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1428-1438}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Allosteric modulation and biased signalling at free fatty acid receptor 2}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complete computational design of high-efficiency kemp elimination enzymes. NATURE, 643(8074), 1421-1427. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Until now, computationally designed enzymes exhibited low catalytic rates1–5 and required intensive experimental optimization to reach activity levels observed in comparable natural enzymes5–9. These results exposed limitations in design methodology and suggested critical gaps in our understanding of the fundamentals of biocatalysis10,11. We present a fully computational workflow for designing efficient enzymes in TIM-barrel folds using backbone fragments from natural proteins and without requiring optimization by mutant-library screening. Three Kemp eliminase designs exhibit efficiencies greater than 2,000 M−1 s−1. The most efficient shows more than 140 mutations from any natural protein, including a novel active site. It exhibits high stability (greater than 85 °C) and remarkable catalytic efficiency (12,700 M−1 s−1) and rate (2.8 s−1), surpassing previous computational designs by two orders of magnitude1–5. Furthermore, designing a residue considered essential in all previous Kemp eliminase designs increases efficiency to more than 105 M−1 s−1 and rate to 30 s−1, achieving catalytic parameters comparable to natural enzymes and challenging fundamental biocatalytic assumptions. By overcoming limitations in design methodology11, our strategy enables programming stable, high-efficiency, new-to-nature enzymes through a minimal experimental effort. We present a computational approach to the design of high-efficiency enzymes with catalytic parameters comparable to natural enzymes, enabling programming of stable, high-efficiency, new-to-nature Kemp elimination enzymes through minimal experimental effort.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Listov, Dina and Vos, Eva and Hoffka, Gyula and Hoch, Shlomo Yakir and Berg, Andrej and Hamer-Rogotner, Shelly and Dym, Orly and Kamerlin, Shina Caroline Lynn and Fleishman, Sarel J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09136-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1421-1427}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complete computational design of high-efficiency kemp elimination enzymes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA codon expansion via programmable pseudouridine editing and decoding. NATURE, 643(8074), 1410-1420. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) enables customized chemistry to tailor protein functions1–3. Genetic code expansion offers a general approach for ncAA encoding by reassigning stop codons as the ‘blank’ codon; however, it is not completely orthogonal to translation termination for cellular transcripts. Here, to generate more bona fide blank codons, we developed an RNA codon-expansion (RCE) strategy that introduces and decodes bioorthogonally assignable pseudouridine (Ψ) codons (ΨGA, ΨAA or ΨAG) on specified mRNA transcripts to incorporate ncAAs in mammalian cells. The RCE strategy comprises a programmable guide RNA4, an engineered decoder tRNA, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. We first developed the RCE(ΨGA) system, which incorporates functional ncAAs into proteins via the ΨGA codon, demonstrating a higher translatome-wide and proteomic specificity compared with the genetic code expansion system. We further expanded our strategy to produce the RCE(ΨAA) and RCE(ΨAG) systems, with all three Ψ codon:(Ψ codon)-tRNAPyl pairs exhibiting mutual orthogonality. Moreover, we demonstrated that the RCE system cooperates compatibly with the genetic code expansion strategy for dual ncAA encoding. In sum, the RCE method utilized Ψ as a post-transcriptional ‘letter’ to encode and decode RNA codons in specific mRNA transcripts, opening a new route for genetic alphabet expansion and site-specific ncAA incorporation in eukaryotic cells. An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Jiangle and Yan, Xueqing and Wu, Hao and Ji, Ziqin and Shan, Ye and Wang, Xinyan and Ran, Yunfan and Ma, Yichen and Li, Caitao and Zhu, Yuchao and Gu, Ruichu and Wen, Han and Yi, Chengqi and Chen, Peng R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09165-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1410-1420}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA codon expansion via programmable pseudouridine editing and decoding}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mechanism of cytarabine-induced neurotoxicity. NATURE, 643(8074), 1400-1409. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Postmitotic neurons have high levels of methylated cytosine and its oxidized intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine1. However, the functional relevance of these epigenetic modifications of DNA are poorly understood. Here we show that some cytidine analogues, such as cytarabine, cause DNA double-strand breaks during TET-mediated active 5-methylcytosine demethylation by interrupting TDG-dependent base excision repair. These double-strand breaks are frequently converted into deletions and translocations by DNA ligase 4. In vivo, Purkinje and Golgi cells in the cerebellum are the only neuronal populations that exhibit high levels of DNA damage due to cytarabine. In Purkinje cells, TET targets highly expressed gene bodies marked by enhancer-associated histone modifications. Many of these genes control movement coordination, which explains the long-recognized cerebellar neurotoxicity of cytarabine2. We show that other cytidine analogues, such as gemcitabine, cause only single-strand breaks in neurons, which are repaired by DNA ligase 3 with minimal toxicity. Our findings uncover a mechanistic link between TET-mediated DNA demethylation, base excision repair and gene expression in neurons. The results also provide a rational explanation for the different neurotoxicity profiles of an important class of antineoplastic agents. Certain antimetabolites used to treat cancer are more neurotoxic than others, and it is now shown that this is due to their greater tendency to generate DNA double-stranded breaks, whereas less neurotoxic agents induce single-stranded breaks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Jia-Cheng and Wang, Dongpeng and Callen, Elsa and Chen, Chuanyuan and Noriega, Santiago and Shang, Yafang and Schürmann, David and Song, Yawei and Ramadoss, Gokul N. and Chari, Raj and Wong, Nancy and Zhao, Yongge and He, Yuan and Aplan, Peter D. and Ward, Michael E. and Heintz, Nathaniel and Rao, Anjana and McKinnon, Peter J. and Caldecott, Keith W. and Schär, Primo and Meng, Fei-Long and Livak, Ferenc and Wu, Wei and Nussenzweig, André}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09210-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1400-1409}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mechanism of cytarabine-induced neurotoxicity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatiotemporal orchestration of mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase. NATURE, 643(8074), 1391-1399. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mitotic onset is a critical transition for eukaryotic cell proliferation. The commonly held view of mitotic control is that the master regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), is first activated in the cytoplasm, at the centrosome, initiating mitosis1–3. Bistability in CDK activation ensures that the transition is irreversible, but how this unfolds in a spatially compartmentalized cell is unknown4–8. Here, using fission yeast, we show that CDK is first activated in the nucleus, and that the bistable responses differ markedly between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, with a stronger response in the nucleus driving mitotic signal propagation from there to the cytoplasm. Abolishing cyclin–CDK localization to the centrosome led to activation occurring only in the nucleus, spatially uncoupling the nucleus and cytoplasm mitotically, suggesting that centrosomal cyclin–CDK acts as a ‘signal relayer’. We propose that the key mitotic regulatory system operates in the nucleus in proximity to DNA, which enables incomplete DNA replication and DNA damage to be effectively monitored to preserve genome integrity and to integrate ploidy within the CDK control network. This spatiotemporal regulatory framework establishes core principles for control of the onset of mitosis and highlights that the CDK control system operates within distinct regulatory domains in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Experiments in fission yeast show that cyclin-dependent kinase is first activated in the nucleus, from which the mitotic signal is propagated from CDK at the centrosome to the cytoplasm.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kapadia, Nitin and Nurse, Paul}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09172-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1391-1399}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatiotemporal orchestration of mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PCSK9 drives sterol-dependent metastatic organ choice in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 643(8074), 1381-1390. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To grow at distant sites, metastatic cells must overcome major challenges posed by the unique cellular and metabolic composition of secondary organs1. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease that metastasizes to the liver and lungs. Despite evidence of metabolic reprogramming away from the primary site, the key drivers that dictate the ability of PDAC cells to colonize the liver or lungs and survive there remain undefined. Here we identified PCSK9 as predictive of liver versus lung colonization by integrating metastatic tropism data of human PDAC cell lines2, in vivo metastasis modelling in mice and gene expression correlation analysis. PCSK9 negatively regulates low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol import and, accordingly, PCSK9-low PDAC cells preferentially colonize LDL-rich liver tissue. LDL-cholesterol taken up by liver-avid PCSK9-low cells supports activation of pro-growth mTORC1 activation at the lysosome, and through conversion into the signalling oxysterol, 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, reprogrammes the microenvironment to release nutrients from neighbouring hepatocytes. Conversely, PCSK9-high, lung-avid PDAC cells rely on transcriptional upregulation of the distal cholesterol synthesis pathway to generate intermediates—7-dehydrocholesterol and 7-dehydrodesmosterol—with protective action against ferroptosis, a vulnerability in the oxygen-rich microenvironment of the lung. Increasing the amount of PCSK9 redirected liver-avid cells to the lung whereas ablating PCSK9 drove lung-avid cells to the liver, thereby establishing PCSK9 as necessary and sufficient for secondary organ site preference. Our studies reveal PCSK9-driven differential utilization of the distal cholesterol synthesis pathway as a key and potentially actionable driver of metastatic growth in PDAC. PCSK9 regulates low density lipoprotein-cholesterol import and determines organ preference of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with PCSK9-low cells metastasizing to the liver and PCSK9-high cells preferring the lung.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rademaker, Gilles and Hernandez, Grace A. and Seo, Yurim and Dahal, Sumena and Miller-Phillips, Lisa and Li, Alexander L. and Peng, Xianlu Laura and Luan, Changfei and Qiu, Longhui and Liegeois, Maude A. and Wang, Bruce and Wen, Kwun W. and Kim, Grace E. and Collisson, Eric A. and Kruger, Stephan F. and Boeck, Stefan and Ormanns, Steffen and Guenther, Michael and Heinemann, Volker and Haas, Michael and Looney, Mark R. and Yeh, Jen Jen and Zoncu, Roberto and Perera, Rushika M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09017-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1381-1390}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PCSK9 drives sterol-dependent metastatic organ choice in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SP140–RESIST pathway regulates interferon mRNA stability and antiviral immunity. NATURE, 643(8074), 1372-1380. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Type I interferons are essential for antiviral immunity1 but must be tightly regulated2. The conserved transcriptional repressor SP140 inhibits interferon-β (Ifnb1) expression through an unknown mechanism3,4. Here we report that SP140 does not directly repress Ifnb1 transcription. Instead, SP140 negatively regulates Ifnb1 mRNA stability by directly repressing the expression of a previously uncharacterized regulator that we call RESIST (regulated stimulator of interferon via stabilization of transcript; previously annotated as annexin 2 receptor). RESIST promotes Ifnb1 mRNA stability by counteracting Ifnb1 mRNA destabilization mediated by the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins and the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex. SP140 localizes within punctate structures called nuclear bodies that have important roles in silencing DNA-virus gene expression in the nucleus3. Consistent with this observation, we find that SP140 inhibits replication of the gammaherpesvirus MHV68. The antiviral activity of SP140 is independent of its ability to regulate Ifnb1. Our results establish dual antiviral and interferon regulatory functions for SP140. We propose that SP140 and RESIST participate in antiviral effector-triggered immunity5,6. The antiviral protein SP140 negatively regulates Ifnb1 mRNA stability by directly repressing the expression of the immune regulator RESIST.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witt, Kristen C. and Dziulko, Adam and An, Joohyun and Pekovic, Filip and Cheng, Arthur Xiuyuan and Liu, Grace Y. and Lee, Ophelia Vosshall and Turner, David J. and Lari, Azra and Gaidt, Moritz M. and Chavez, Roberto and Fattinger, Stefan A. and Abraham, Preethy and Dhaliwal, Harmandeep and Lee, Angus Y. and Kotov, Dmitri I. and Coscoy, Laurent and Glaunsinger, Britt A. and Valkov, Eugene and Chuong, Edward B. and Vance, Russell E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09152-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1372-1380}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SP140–RESIST pathway regulates interferon mRNA stability and antiviral immunity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RIFINs displayed on malaria-infected erythrocytes bind KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1. NATURE, 643(8074), 1363-1371. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Natural killer (NK) cells use inhibitory and activating immune receptors to differentiate between human cells and pathogens. Signalling by these receptors determines whether an NK cell becomes activated and destroys a target cell. In some cases, such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors, immune receptors are found in pairs, with inhibitory and activating receptors containing nearly identical extracellular ligand-binding domains coupled to different intracellular signalling domains1. Previous studies showed that repetitive interspersed family (RIFIN) proteins, displayed on the surfaces of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, can bind to inhibitory immune receptors and dampen NK cell activation2,3, reducing parasite killing. However, no pathogen-derived ligand has been identified for any human activating receptor. Here we identified a clade of RIFINs that bind to inhibitory immune receptor KIR2DL1 more strongly than KIR2DL1 binds to the human ligand (MHC class I). This interaction mediates inhibitory signalling and suppresses the activation of KIR2DL1-expressing NK cells. We show that KIR2DL1-binding RIFINs are abundant in field-isolated strains from both Africa and Asia and reveal how the two RIFINs bind to KIR2DL1. The RIFIN binding surface of KIR2DL1 is conserved in the cognate activating immune receptor KIR2DS1. We find that KIR2DL1-binding RIFINs can also bind to KIR2DS1, resulting in the activation of KIR2DS1-expressing NK cells. This study demonstrates that activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors can recruit NK cells to target a pathogen and reveals a potential role for activating immune receptors in controlling malaria infection. Certain RIFINs from Plasmodium falciparum can bind to both inhibitory (KIR2DL1) and activating (KIR2DS1) immune receptors on natural killer cells, demonstrating the potential role of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in targeting pathogens and controlling malaria infection.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sakoguchi, Akihito and Chamberlain, Samuel G. and Mørch, Alexander M. and Widdess, Marcus and Harrison, Thomas E. and Dustin, Michael L. and Arase, Hisashi and Higgins, Matthew K. and Iwanaga, Shiroh}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09091-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1363-1371}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RIFINs displayed on malaria-infected erythrocytes bind KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS1}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protein-primed homopolymer synthesis by an antiviral reverse transcriptase. NATURE, 643(8074), 1352-1362. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bacteria defend themselves from viral predation using diverse immune systems, many of which target foreign DNA for degradation1. Defence-associated reverse transcriptase (DRT) systems provide an intriguing counterpoint to this strategy by using DNA synthesis instead2,3. We and others recently showed that DRT2 systems use an RNA template to assemble a de novo gene that encodes the antiviral effector protein Neo4,5. It remains unclear whether similar mechanisms of defence are used by other related DRT families. Here, we show that DRT9 systems defend against phage using DNA homopolymer synthesis. Viral infection triggers polydeoxyadenylate (poly-dA) accumulation in the cell, driving abortive infection and population-level immunity. Cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal how a non-coding RNA serves as both a structural scaffold and reverse transcription template to direct hexameric complex assembly and poly-dA synthesis. Notably, biochemical and functional experiments identify tyrosine residues within the reverse transcriptase itself that probably prime DNA synthesis, leading to the formation of protein–DNA covalent adducts. Synthesis of poly-dA by DRT9 in vivo is regulated by the competing activities of phage-encoded triggers and host-encoded silencers. Collectively, our study identifies a nucleic-acid-driven defence system that expands the paradigm of bacterial immunity and broadens the known functions of reverse transcriptases. A bacterial reverse transcriptase synthesizes polydeoxyadenylate to provide population-level immunity against viral infection.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tang, Stephen and Žedaveinytė, Rimantė and Burman, Nathaniel and Pandey, Shishir and Ramirez, Josephine L. and Kulber, Louie M. and Wiegand, Tanner and Wilkinson, Royce A. and Ma, Yanzhe and Zhang, Dennis J. and Lampe, George D. and Berisa, Mirela and Jovanovic, Marko and Wiedenheft, Blake and Sternberg, Samuel H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09179-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1352-1362}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protein-primed homopolymer synthesis by an antiviral reverse transcriptase}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genomics reveals zoonotic and sustained human mpox spread in west africa. NATURE, 643(8074), 1343-1351. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Five years before the 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak, Nigeria and Cameroon reported their first cases in more than three decades1,2. Whereas the outbreak in Nigeria is recognized as an ongoing human epidemic, the drivers of the resurgence in Cameroon remain unclear3,4. The rate of zoonoses remains uncertain in both countries, and gaps in genomic data obscure the timing and zoonotic and geographic origin of monkeypox virus (MPXV) emergence in humans. Here, to address these uncertainties, we sequenced 118 MPXV genomes isolated from cases in Nigeria and Cameroon between 2018 and 2023. We show that in contrast to cases in Nigeria, cases in Cameroon are the result of repeated zoonoses, with two distinct zoonotic lineages circulating across the Nigeria–Cameroon border. Our findings suggest that shared animal populations in the cross-border forest ecosystems drive the emergence and spread of the virus. Accordingly, we identify the closest zoonotic outgroup to the Nigerian human epidemic lineage (hMPXV-1) in a southern Nigerian border state. We estimate that the shared ancestor of the zoonotic outgroup and hMPXV-1 circulated in animals in southern Nigeria in late 2013. We find that hMPXV-1 emerged in humans in August 2014 in the southern Rivers State and circulated undetected for three years. Rivers State was the main source of viral spread during the human epidemic. Our study sheds light on the recent establishment of MPXV in the human population and highlights the risk of persistent zoonotic emergence of MPXV in the complex border regions of Cameroon and Nigeria. Monkeypox virus genomic data from Nigeria and Cameroon, sampled between 2018 and 2023, indicate that the virus spread through repeated zoonoses in Cameroon, whereas in Nigeria, it spread mainly through human–human transmission, predominantly originating in Rivers State.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Parker, Edyth and Omah, Ifeanyi F. and Djuicy, Delia Doreen and Magee, Andrew and Tomkins-Tinch, Christopher H. and Otieno, James Richard and Varilly, Patrick and Ayinla, Akeemat Opeyemi and Sijuwola, Ayotunde E. and Ahmed, Muhammad I. and Ope-Ewe, Oludayo O. and Ogunsanya, Olusola Akinola and Olono, Alhaji and Saibu, Femi Mudasiru and Eromon, Philomena and Moumbeket Yifomnjou, Moïse Henri and Messanga Essengue, Loique Landry and Yonga, Martial Gides Wansi and Essima, Gael Dieudonné and Touoyem, Ibrahim Pascal and Mounchili, Landry Jules Mouliem and Eyangoh, Sara Irene and Etoundi, Alain Georges Mballa and Esso, Linda and Nguidjol, Inès Mandah Emah and Metomb, Steve Franck and Chebo, Cornelius and Agwe, Samuel Mbah and Mossi, Hans Makembe and Bilounga, Chanceline Ndongo and Akanbi, Olusola and Egwuenu, Abiodun and Ehiakhamen, Odianosen and Chukwu, Chimaobi and Suleiman, Kabiru and Akinpelu, Afolabi and Ahmad, Adama and Imam, Khadijah Isa and Ojedele, Richard and Oripenaye, Victor and Ikeata, Kenneth and Adelakun, Sophiyah and Olajumoke, Babatunde and O’Toole, Áine and Zeller, Mark and Gangavarapu, Karthik and Park, Daniel J. and Mboowa, Gerald and Tessema, Sofonias Kifle and Tebeje, Yenew Kebede and Folarin, Onikepe and Happi, Anise and Lemey, Philippe and Suchard, Marc A. and Andersen, Kristian G. and Sabeti, Pardis and Rambaut, Andrew and Ihekweazu, Chikwe and Jide, Idris and Adetifa, Ifedayo and Njouom, Richard and Happi, Christian T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09128-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1343-1351}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genomics reveals zoonotic and sustained human mpox spread in west africa}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signal. NATURE, 643(8074), 1333-1342. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Choice behaviour of animals is characterized by two main tendencies: taking actions that led to rewards and repeating past actions1,2. Theory suggests that these strategies may be reinforced by different types of dopaminergic teaching signals: reward prediction error to reinforce value-based associations and movement-based action prediction errors to reinforce value-free repetitive associations3–6. Here we use an auditory discrimination task in mice to show that movement-related dopamine activity in the tail of the striatum encodes the hypothesized action prediction error signal. Causal manipulations reveal that this prediction error serves as a value-free teaching signal that supports learning by reinforcing repeated associations. Computational modelling and experiments demonstrate that action prediction errors alone cannot support reward-guided learning, but when paired with the reward prediction error circuitry they serve to consolidate stable sound–action associations in a value-free manner. Together we show that there are two types of dopaminergic prediction errors that work in tandem to support learning, each reinforcing different types of association in different striatal areas. Dopaminergic action prediction error signals are used by mice as a value-free teaching signal to reinforce stable sound–action associations in the tail of the striatum.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Greenstreet, Francesca and Vergara, Hernando Martinez and Johansson, Yvonne and Pati, Sthitapranjya and Schwarz, Laura and Lenzi, Stephen C. and Geerts, Jesse P. and Wisdom, Matthew and Gubanova, Alina and Rollik, Lars B. and Kaur, Jasvin and Moskovitz, Theodore and Cohen, Joseph and Thompson, Emmett and Margrie, Troy W. and Clopath, Claudia and Stephenson-Jones, Marcus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09008-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1333-1342}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signal}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis. NATURE, 643(8074), 1321-1332. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Humans have evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications1–3. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved DNA sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to species-specific cortical development remains largely unknown4,5. HARE5 is a HAR transcriptional enhancer of the WNT signalling receptor Frizzled8 that is active during brain development6. Here, using genome-edited mouse (Mus musculus, Mm) and primate models, we demonstrated that human (Homo sapiens, Hs) HARE5 fine-tunes cortical development and connectivity by controlling the proliferative and neurogenic capacities of neural progenitor cells. Hs-HARE5 knock-in mice have significantly enlarged neocortices, containing more excitatory neurons. By measuring neural dynamics in vivo, we showed that these anatomical features result in increased functional independence between cortical regions. We assessed underlying developmental mechanisms using fixed and live imaging, lineage analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing. We discovered that Hs-HARE5 modifies radial glial cell behaviour, with increased self-renewal at early developmental stages, followed by expanded neurogenic potential. Using genome-edited human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Pt) neural progenitor cells and cortical organoids, we showed that four human-specific variants of Hs-HARE5 drive increased enhancer activity that promotes progenitor proliferation. Finally, we showed that Hs-HARE5 increased progenitor proliferation by amplifying canonical WNT signalling. These findings illustrate how small changes in regulatory DNA can directly affect critical signalling pathways to modulate brain development. Our study uncovered new functions of HARs as key regulatory elements crucial for the expansion and complexity of the human cerebral cortex. HARE5, a human accelerated region enhancer, modulates cortical development by influencing neural progenitor cell behaviour, leading to an enlarged neocortex with increased functional independence between cortical regions through amplified WNT signalling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Jing and Mosti, Federica and Zhao, Hanzhi T. and Lollis, Davoneshia and Sotelo-Fonseca, Jesus E. and Escobar-Tomlienovich, Carla F. and Musso, Camila M. and Mao, Yiwei and Massri, Abdull J. and Doll, Hannah M. and Moss, Nicole D. and Sousa, Andre M. M. and Wray, Gregory A. and Schmidt, Ewoud R. E. and Silver, Debra L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09002-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1321-1332}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Whole-body physics simulation of fruit fly locomotion. NATURE, 643(8074), 1312-1320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The body of an animal influences how its nervous system generates behaviour1. Accurately modelling the neural control of sensorimotor behaviour requires an anatomically detailed biomechanical representation of the body. Here we introduce a whole-body model of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in a physics simulator2. Designed as a general-purpose framework, our model enables the simulation of diverse fly behaviours, including both terrestrial and aerial locomotion. We validate its versatility by replicating realistic walking and flight behaviours. To support these behaviours, we develop phenomenological models for fluid and adhesion forces. Using data-driven, end-to-end reinforcement learning3,4, we train neural network controllers capable of generating naturalistic locomotion5–7 along complex trajectories in response to high-level steering commands. Furthermore, we show the use of visual sensors and hierarchical motor control8, training a high-level controller to reuse a pretrained low-level flight controller to perform visually guided flight tasks. Our model serves as an open-source platform for studying the neural control of sensorimotor behaviour in an embodied context. A detailed whole-body model of the fruit fly, developed using a physics-based simulation and deep reinforcement learning, accurately replicates real fly behaviour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vaxenburg, Roman and Siwanowicz, Igor and Merel, Josh and Robie, Alice A. and Morrow, Carmen and Novati, Guido and Stefanidi, Zinovia and Both, Gert-Jan and Card, Gwyneth M. and Reiser, Michael B. and Botvinick, Matthew M. and Branson, Kristin M. and Tassa, Yuval and Turaga, Srinivas C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09029-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1312-1320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Whole-body physics simulation of fruit fly locomotion}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA reveals a two-clanned matrilineal community in neolithic china. NATURE, 643(8074), 1304-1311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studies of ancient DNA from cemeteries provide valuable insights into early human societies, and have strongly indicated patrilocality1–10. Here, we analysed ancient DNA alongside archaeological contexts and multiple stable isotopic data from 60 individuals in 2 separate cemeteries at the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China, dating between 2750 and 2500 bce. Our findings suggest the existence of an early-described matrilineal community in the Neolithic period, characterized by high endogamy and a population practicing millet agriculture near the coast. Evidence of intermarriage between individuals in the two cemeteries and the presence of both primary and secondary burials, organized strictly according to maternal clans, underscore a strong sense of social cohesion and identity at Fujia. Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates indicates that the two cemeteries were used for approximately 250 years, implying a stable matrilineal lineage spanning at least 10 generations. This study contributes to the ongoing debate in anthropology and archaeology11, not only suggesting the existence of a matrilineal society in early human history but also revealing a pair of Neolithic cemeteries organized around two matrilineal clans, furthering our understanding of the early evolution of human societies through kinship systems. Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Jincheng and Yan, Shi and Li, Zhenguang and Zan, Jinguo and Zhao, Yichao and Zhao, Jin and Chen, Kui and Wang, Xueye and Ji, Ting and Zhang, Cheng and Yang, Tingyu and Zhang, Tianming and Qiao, Rui and Guo, Meilin and Rao, Zongyue and Zhang, Jiashuo and Wang, Guanbo and Ran, Zhiyu and Duan, Chen and Zhang, Fan and Song, Yin and Wu, Xiaohong and Mace, Ruth and Sun, Bo and Pang, Yuhong and Huang, Yanyi and Zhang, Hai and Ning, Chao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09103-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1304-1311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA reveals a two-clanned matrilineal community in neolithic china}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Triassic diapsid shows early diversification of skin appendages in reptiles. NATURE, 643(8074), 1297-1303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Complex integumentary appendages such as avian feathers and mammalian hair play a principal role in tetrapod evolution, with critical functions in insulation, sensation, display and flight. Although feathers and hair originated in the stem-lineages of birds and mammals, respectively1,2, their underlying gene regulatory network has much deeper amniote roots3. The early evolution of amniote integumentary appendages, however, remains poorly understood because of the absence of fossil evidence. Here we present Mirasaura grauvogeli, a small-sized diapsid from the Middle Triassic epoch (about 247 million years ago) with a distinctive crest formed by elongate integumentary appendages extending serially along its back, similar to those of the poorly understood Triassic reptile Longisquama4–7. Despite its superficially bird-like skull, Mirasaura is not closely related to avemetatarsalians but instead belongs to the exclusively Triassic reptilian clade Drepanosauromorpha8. Melanosomes preserved in its integumentary appendages are consistent in geometry with melanosomes of feathers but not those of reptilian skin or mammalian hair. Nevertheless, the morphology of the integumentary appendages and phylogenetic placement of Mirasaura indicate that they are not structurally homologous to feathers or other integumentary appendages in living amniotes. Our findings show that complex integumentary appendages are not restricted to avemetatarsalians and mammaliaforms among amniotes and evolved in a lineage basal to all extant reptiles, challenging our understanding of the evolution of the reptilian integument. A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Spiekman, Stephan N. F. and Foth, Christian and Rossi, Valentina and Gascó Martín, Cristina and Slater, Tiffany S. and Bath Enright, Orla G. and Dollman, Kathleen N. and Serafini, Giovanni and Seegis, Dieter and Grauvogel-Stamm, Léa and McNamara, Maria E. and Sues, Hans-Dieter and Schoch, Rainer R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09167-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1297-1303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Triassic diapsid shows early diversification of skin appendages in reptiles}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic kinetic resolution of phosphines with chiral supporting electrolytes. NATURE, 643(8074), 1288-1296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The synthesis of enantiopure compounds is a central focus in organic chemistry owing to the prevalence of chiral centres in biological systems and the impact of homochirality on molecular properties. With growing recognition of electrochemistry as a powerful tool to improve the scope and sustainability of organic synthesis1, increasing efforts have been directed towards developing asymmetric electrocatalytic reactions to access challenging chiral molecules2–4. However, many useful electrochemical reactions rely on direct electrolysis without a catalyst, making them inherently difficult to render enantioselective. Supporting electrolytes are integral to electrochemical systems and, in addition to ensuring sufficient solution conductivity, they can influence the rate and selectivity of electrochemical transformations5. Chiral supporting electrolytes can mediate asymmetric reactions via direct electrolysis, but their use in organic electrosynthesis remains largely unexplored6,7. Here we describe the use of substoichiometric chiral phosphate salts as supporting electrolytes to facilitate the oxidation of racemic trivalent phosphines to afford enantioenriched phosphine oxides. Our approach relies on a dynamic-kinetic-resolution strategy that exploits the rapid pyramidal inversion of an anodically generated phosphoniumyl radical cation8, while a high concentration of chiral phosphate at the electrode–electrolyte interface9,10 enhances enantioselective control during rate-limiting nucleophilic addition. Our results highlight the promise of chiral supporting electrolytes for promoting radical-ion-mediated asymmetric transformations. Using a dynamic-kinetic-resolution strategy and chiral phosphate salts as supporting electrolytes, racemic trivalent phosphines can be oxidized to afford enantioenriched phosphine oxides.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mao, Kaining and Liu, Chenfei and Wang, Yi and Gu, Chaoxuan and Putziger, John M. and Cemalovic, Nicholas I. and Muniz, Cameron and Qi, Yue and Lin, Song}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09238-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1288-1296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic kinetic resolution of phosphines with chiral supporting electrolytes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biphasic liquids with shape-shifting and bistable microdomains. NATURE, 643(8074), 1281-1287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Liquids comprising two coexisting phases can form a range of stable and metastable states, including wetting films, droplets and threads1–3. Processes that permit rapid and reversible transformations between these morphologies, however, have been difficult to realize because physical properties required for rapid shape change (for example, low interfacial tension or viscosity) provide pathways for relaxation that result in short-lived states. Fully reversible formation of long-lived microdomain states would expand the palette of properties that can be accessed dynamically using biphasic liquids (for example, tunable optical metamaterials). Here we report the discovery of shape-shifting and bistable microdomains of a biphasic liquid system consisting of an isotropic oil and a liquid crystalline oil. The isotropic oil forms stable wetting films (‘original’ shape) between solid surfaces and an overlying liquid crystal phase, and, when exposed to a transient (<1 s) a.c. electric field at low frequency (10 Hz), transforms into long-lived (>24 h) spherical domains (‘temporary’ shape) stabilized by topological defects in the liquid crystal1,4,5. Subsequent application of an a.c. electric field of high frequency (1 kHz) triggers solitons to form in the liquid crystal6–8, creating kinetic pathways that lead to remarkably rapid (<3 s) coalescence of the dispersed spherical domains and recovery of the original shape (wetting film)1,8,9. We show rapid and reversible switching between distinct optical states of the biphasic system, with each state persisting without continuous application of the field, thus providing a combination of optical properties long sought in thin liquid films10–17. The fully reversible and long-lived emulsion formation reported here appears promising for materials synthesis, microchemical systems and tunable optical metamaterials (for example, to control visibility and transmittance of light through windows)17–21. A liquid-crystal-in-oil emulsion system exhibits bistable opacity or transparency, with rapid switching between the two, faster than, for example, electrochromics that can be found in smart windows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Roh, Sangchul and Ha, Youlim and Abbott, Nicholas L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09279-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1281-1287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biphasic liquids with shape-shifting and bistable microdomains}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mechanical underwater adhesive devices for soft substrates. NATURE, 643(8074), 1271-1280. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Achieving long-term underwater adhesion to dynamic, regenerating soft substrates that undergo extreme fluctuations in pH and moisture remains a major unresolved challenge, with far-reaching implications for healthcare, manufacturing, robotics and marine applications1–16. Here, inspired by remoras—fish equipped with specialized adhesive discs—we developed the Mechanical Underwater Soft Adhesion System (MUSAS). Through detailed anatomical, behavioural, physical and biomimetic investigations of remora adhesion on soft substrates, we uncovered the key physical principles and evolutionary adaptations underlying their robust attachment. These insights guided the design of MUSAS, which shows extraordinary versatility, adhering securely to a wide range of soft substrates with varying roughness, stiffness and structural integrity. MUSAS achieves an adhesion-force-to-weight ratio of up to 1,391-fold and maintains performance under extreme pH and moisture conditions. We demonstrate its utility across highly translational models, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo settings, enabling applications such as ultraminiaturized aquatic kinetic temperature sensors, non-invasive gastroesophageal reflux monitoring, long-acting antiretroviral drug delivery and messenger RNA administration via the gastrointestinal tract. A remora-inspired mechanical underwater adhesive device adheres securely to a range of soft substrates and maintains performance under extreme pH and moisture conditions, with potential applications in biosensing and drug delivery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kang, Ziliang and Gomez, Johanna A. and Ross, Alisa MeiShan and Kirtane, Ameya R. and Zhao, Ming and Cai, Yubin and Chen, Fu Xing and Chen, Corona L. and Becdach, Isaac Diaz and Dey, Rajib and Ismael, Andrei Russel and Moon, Injoo and Yang, Yiyuan and Muller, Benjamin N. and Say, Mehmet Girayhan and Pettinari, Andrew and Kobrin, Jason and Morimoto, Joshua and Smierciak, Ted and Lopes, Aaron and Erdogan, Ayten Ebru and Murphy, Matt and Fabian, Niora and Guevara, Ashley and Laidlaw, Benedict and Schmidt, Kailyn and Hayward, Alison M. and Techet, Alexandra H. and Kenaley, Christopher P. and Traverso, Giovanni}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09304-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1271-1280}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mechanical underwater adhesive devices for soft substrates}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Strategies for climate-resilient global wind and solar power systems. NATURE, 643(8074), 1263-1270. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change may amplify the frequency and severity of supply–demand mismatches in future power systems with high shares of wind and solar energy1,2. Here we use a dispatch optimization model to assess potential increases in hourly costs associated with the climate-intensified gaps under fixed, high penetrations of wind and solar energy generation. We further explore various strategies to enhance system resilience in the face of future climate change. We find that extreme periods—defined as hours in the upper decile of hourly costs (that is, the most costly 10% of hours)—are likely to become more costly in the future in most countries, mainly because of the increased need for investments in flexible energy capacity. For example, under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP1–2.6 scenario, 47 countries that together account for approximately 43.5% of global future electricity generation are projected to experience more than a 5% increase in average hourly costs during extreme periods, with the largest reaching up to 23.7%. The risk of rising costs could be substantially mitigated through tailored, country-specific strategies involving the coordinated implementation of multiple measures to address supply–demand imbalances and enhance system flexibility. Our findings provide important insights for building future climate-resilient power systems while reducing system costs. Climate-intensified supply–demand imbalances may raise hourly costs of wind and solar power systems, but well-designed climate-resilient strategies can provide help.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zheng, Dongsheng and Yan, Xizhe and Tong, Dan and Davis, Steven J. and Caldeira, Ken and Lin, Yuanyuan and Guo, Yaqin and Li, Jingyun and Wang, Peng and Ping, Liying and Feng, Shijie and Liu, Yang and Cheng, Jing and Chen, Deliang and He, Kebin and Zhang, Qiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09266-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1263-1270}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Strategies for climate-resilient global wind and solar power systems}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Liquid–liquid interfacial tension stabilized li-metal batteries. NATURE, 643(8074), 1255-1262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A lithium (Li)-metal anode paired with a high-nickel cathode is considered to be a combination that holds promise to surpass the 500 Wh kg−1 threshold1,2. Approaching such high energy density, electrolytes capable of stabilizing both anode and cathode interphases are of importance to secure safe and long-term cycling3,4. Although anion-derived inorganic interphases have shown remarkable success at the Li side5–7, developing intrinsic strategies to concurrently protect both electrodes remains a key challenge. Here we report a micro-emulsion strategy for electrolyte design that bypasses the Li+ solvation regulation and produces fluoride-rich interphases for both electrodes. Specifically, liquid–liquid interfacial tension between the micelles and carbonate solvents, rather than the electric field, propels the motion of fluorinated droplets towards the anode and the cathode. In this way, the interphase construction of both electrodes can be enhanced and decoupled from the solvation structure strategy. Through use of the micro-emulsion electrolyte, two pouch full cells with energy densities of 531 Wh kg−1 and 547 Wh kg−1 retain 81% and 79% of their capacity after 189 and 155 cycles, respectively. The introduction of liquid–liquid interfacial tension provides a perspective for interphase regulation and electrolyte design, and paves the way for the development of high-voltage Li-metal batteries. Using an electrolyte micro-emulsion strategy, a lithium anode and high-voltage cathode can be simultaneously stabilized by liquid–liquid interfacial tension to achieve high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ji, Haijin and Xiang, Jingwei and Li, Yong and Zheng, Mengting and Yuan, Lixia and Liao, Yaqi and Du, Lin and Li, Zezhuo and Xie, Zhangyating and Huang, Kai and Lin, Xing and Xie, Zhengkun and Shen, Yue and Chen, Ming and Li, Tongjiang and Feng, Guang and Sun, Yongming and Qie, Long and Li, Hui and Zhang, Fangshu and Guo, Rui and Feng, Xuning and Chen, Weihua and Ai, Xinping and Lu, Jun and Huang, Yunhui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09293-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1255-1262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Liquid–liquid interfacial tension stabilized li-metal batteries}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs. NATURE, 643(8074), 1246-1254. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper–iodide hybrids1 are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, owing to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental sustainability2. Here we present a hybrid copper–iodide that shows near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.6%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and colour coordinates (0.147, 0.087), alongside its emission mechanism and charge transport characteristics. We use the thin film of this hybrid as the sole active emissive layer to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes and subsequently enhance the device performance through a dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy. This synergetic surface modification approach, integrating a hydrogen-bond-acceptor self-assembled monolayer with an ultrathin polymethyl methacrylate capping layer, effectively passivates both heterojunctions of the copper–iodide hybrid emissive layer and optimizes charge injections. We achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.57%, a maximum luminance of 3,970.30 cd m−2 with colour coordinates (0.147, 0.091) and an excellent operational stability (half-lifetime) of 204 hours under ambient conditions. We further showcase a large-area device of 4 cm2 that maintains high efficiency. Our findings reveal the potential of copper–iodide-based hybrid materials for applications in solid-state lighting3 and display technologies4, offering a versatile strategy for enhancing device performances. A dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy and a hybrid copper–iodide are used to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes with excellent external quantum efficiency and lifetime.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Kun and Reid, Obadiah and Rangan, Sylvie and Wang, Li and Li, Jingbai and Antony Jesu Durai, Kevin and Zhou, Kang and Javed, Nasir and Kasaei, Leila and Yang, Chongqing and Li, Mingxing and Sun, Yue and Tan, Kui and Cotlet, Mircea and Liu, Yi and Feldman, Leonard C. and O’Carroll, Deirdre M. and Zhu, Kai and Li, Jing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09257-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1246-1254}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metalasers with arbitrarily shaped wavefront. NATURE, 643(8074), 1240-1245. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Integrated nanolasers have been explored for decades owing to their important role in many applications, ranging from optical information processing and communications to medical treatments1–6. Although polarization, orbital angular momentum and directivity of nanolasers have been successfully manipulated7–9, neither their laser wavefront nor radiation characteristics can be customized at will. More optical elements are often required to further modify the laser characteristics, making the lasing system bulky and restricted by inevitable speckle noise. Here we suggest and realize a new type of laser, a metalaser, by using the interplay between local and nonlocal responses of dielectric resonant metasurfaces. The lasing mode is confined by nonlocal interaction between meta-atoms of a planar structure and the beam wavefront is precisely shaped by locally varying dipole momenta. Consequently, the metalaser emission can directly have any desired profile, including focal spots, focal lines, vector beams, vortex beams and even holograms. Notably, the scattered waves of the metalaser do not undergo resonant amplification like laser modes, being orders of magnitude weaker. As a consequence, the speckle noise becomes negligibly small in our metalaser holograms, providing a viable solution to the speckle noise problem of conventional laser holograms. This finding enriches our understanding of lasers and promotes their performance for various optical and photonic applications. A metalaser is described, in which light can have an arbitrarily shaped wavefront, enabling the metalaser emission to have any desired profile, such as focal spots, focal lines, vector beams, vortex beams and even holograms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zeng, Yixuan and Sha, Xinbo and Zhang, Chi and Zhang, Yao and Deng, Huachun and Lu, Haipeng and Qu, Geyang and Xiao, Shumin and Yu, Shaohua and Kivshar, Yuri and Song, Qinghai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09275-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1240-1245}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metalasers with arbitrarily shaped wavefront}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission from a quantum dot. NATURE, 643(8074), 1234-1239. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spontaneous two-photon emission (STPE) is a second-order quantum radiation process with implications in astrophysics1, atomic physics2 and quantum technology3. In particular, on-demand STPE from single quantum emitters has long been predicted to revolutionize photonic quantum science and technology4,5. Here we report STPE with brightness comparable to that of competing single-photon radiation from a single semiconductor quantum dot deterministically coupled to a high-quality micropillar cavity. This is because of strong vacuum fluctuations in the microcavity, which drive a biexciton directly to the ground state. We show the quantum nature associated with STPE in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime using photon statistics measurements. Furthermore, STPE is exploited to build unconventional entangled quantum light sources that can simultaneously achieve near-unity entanglement fidelity for spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources and on-demand photon emission for atomic quantum emitters. Our work provides insights into the two-photon process in the quantum regime, which could empower photonic quantum technology with nonlinear quantum radiation. Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission emitted from a bright quantum dot device are revealed, facilitating the creation of entangled photons with near-unity fidelity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Shunfa and Wang, Yangpeng and Saleem, Yasser and Li, Xueshi and Liu, Hanqing and Yang, Cheng-Ao and Yang, Jiawei and Ni, Haiqiao and Niu, Zhichuan and Meng, Yun and Hu, Xiaolong and Yu, Ying and Wang, Xuehua and Cygorek, Moritz and Liu, Jin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09267-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1234-1239}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission from a quantum dot}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Direct observation of coherent elastic antineutrino–nucleus scattering. NATURE, 643(8074), 1229-1233. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neutrinos are elementary particles that interact only very weakly with matter. Neutrino experiments are, therefore, usually big, with masses in the multi-tonne range. The thresholdless interaction of coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos on atomic nuclei leads to greatly enhanced interaction rates, which allows for much smaller detectors. The study of this process gives insights into physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The CONUS+ experiment1 was designed to first detect elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering in the fully coherent regime with low-energy neutrinos produced in nuclear reactors. For this purpose, semiconductor detectors based on high-purity germanium crystals with extremely low-energy thresholds were developed2. Here we report the first observation of a neutrino signal with a statistical significance of 3.7σ from the CONUS+ experiment, operated at the nuclear power plant in Leibstadt, Switzerland. In 119 days of reactor operation (395 ± 106) neutrinos were measured compared with a predicted number from calculations assuming Standard Model physics of (347 ± 59) events. With increased precision, there is potential for fundamental discoveries in the future. The CONUS+ results in combination with other measurements of this interaction channel might therefore mark a starting point for a new era in neutrino physics. Direct observation of coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering is reported using the data from the CONUS+ experiment in which the antineutrinos with energy less than 10 MeV are produced in a nuclear reactor.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ackermann, N. and Bonet, H. and Bonhomme, A. and Buck, C. and Fülber, K. and Hakenmüller, J. and Hempfling, J. and Heusser, G. and Lindner, M. and Maneschg, W. and Ni, K. and Rank, M. and Rink, T. and Sánchez García, E. and Stalder, I. and Strecker, H. and Wink, R. and Woenckhaus, J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09322-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1229-1233}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Direct observation of coherent elastic antineutrino–nucleus scattering}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of charge–parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays. NATURE, 643(8074), 1223-1228. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Standard Model of particle physics—the theory of particles and interactions at the smallest scale—predicts that matter and antimatter interact differently due to violation of the combined symmetry of charge conjugation (C) and parity (P). Charge conjugation transforms particles into their antimatter particles, whereas the parity transformation inverts spatial coordinates. This prediction applies to both mesons, which consist of a quark and an antiquark, and baryons, which are composed of three quarks. However, despite having been discovered in various meson decays, CP violation has yet to be observed in baryons, the type of matter that makes up the observable Universe. Here we report a study of the decay of the beauty baryon $${\varLambda }_{0}^{b}$$ to the pK−π+π− final state, which proceeds through b → u or b → s quark-level transitions, and its CP-conjugated process, using data collected by the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment1 at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The results reveal significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the $${\varLambda }_{0}^{b}$$ baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, providing, to our knowledge, the first observation of CP violation in baryon decays and demonstrating the different behaviours of baryons and antibaryons. In the Standard Model, CP violation arises from the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa mechanism2, and new forces or particles beyond the Standard Model could provide further contributions. This discovery opens a new path in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09119-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1223-1228}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of charge–parity symmetry breaking in baryon decays}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Towards more effective nature-based climate solutions in global forests. NATURE, 643(8074), 1214-1222. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Terrestrial ecosystems could contribute to climate mitigation through nature-based climate solutions (NbCS), which aim to reduce ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions and/or increase ecosystem carbon storage. Forests have the largest potential for NbCS, aligned with broader sustainability benefits, but—unfortunately—a broad body of literature has revealed widespread problems in forest NbCS projects and protocols that undermine the climate mitigation of forest carbon credits and hamper efforts to reach global net zero. Therefore, there is a need to bring better science and policy to improve NbCS climate mitigation outcomes going forward. Here we synthesize challenges to crediting forest NbCS and offer guidance and key next steps to make improvements in the implementation of these strategies immediately and in the near-term. We structure our Perspective around four key components of rigorous forest NbCS, illuminating key science and policy considerations and providing solutions to improve rigour. Finally, we outline a ‘contribution approach’ to support rigorous forest NbCS that is an alternative funding mechanism that disallows compensation or offsetting claims. A strategy to improve the implementation of nature-based climate solutions in global forests for climate mitigation is described, comprising four key components to highlight notable science and policy considerations and providing solutions to improve rigour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Anderegg, William R. L. and Blanchard, Libby and Anderson, Christa and Badgley, Grayson and Cullenward, Danny and Gao, Peng and Goulden, Michael L. and Haya, Barbara and Holm, Jennifer A. and Hurteau, Matthew D. and Lague, Marysa and Liu, Meng and Novick, Kimberly A. and Randerson, James and Trugman, Anna T. and Wang, Jonathan A. and Williams, Christopher A. and Wu, Chao and Yang, Linqing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09116-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1214-1222}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Towards more effective nature-based climate solutions in global forests}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Securing the forest carbon sink for the european union’s climate ambition. NATURE, 643(8074), 1203-1213. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The European Union (EU) climate policies rely on a functioning forest carbon sink. Forests cover about 40% of the EU area and have absorbed about 436 Mt of carbon dioxide equivalent per year between 1990 and 2022, which is about 10% of the EU’s anthropogenic emissions. However, the ability of forests to act as carbon sinks is rapidly declining owing to increasing natural and anthropogenic pressures, threatening the EU’s climate goals and calling for prompt actions. Here we provide actionable research recommendations to improve the monitoring and modelling of forest resources and their carbon sink, and to better inform forest management decisions. We suggest a timeline for the development of these measures to better support the implementation of strategies and policies outlined in the European Green Deal. Actionable research recommendations are outlined to improve the monitoring and modelling of forest resources and their carbon sink, and to better inform forest management decisions and the European Green Deal.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Migliavacca, Mirco and Grassi, Giacomo and Bastos, Ana and Ceccherini, Guido and Ciais, Philippe and Janssens-Maenhout, Greet and Lugato, Emanuele and Mahecha, Miguel D. and Novick, Kimberly A. and Peñuelas, Josep and Pilli, Roberto and Reichstein, Markus and Avitabile, Valerio and Beck, Pieter S. A. and Barredo, José I. and Forzieri, Giovanni and Herold, Martin and Korosuo, Anu and Mansuy, Nicolas and Mubareka, Sarah and Orth, Rene and Rougieux, Paul and Cescatti, Alessandro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08967-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1203-1213}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Securing the forest carbon sink for the european union’s climate ambition}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Change of venue: Fission-yeast cell-division cues actually initiate in the nucleus. NATURE, 643(8074), 1199-1201. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In yeast, the CDK and cyclin proteins that drive cell division activate first in the nucleus — a different location in the cell from where was previously thought. In yeast, the CDK and cyclin proteins that drive cell division activate first in the nucleus — a different location in the cell from where was previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kamenz, Julia and Ferrell Jr, James E.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01712-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1199-1201}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Change of venue: Fission-yeast cell-division cues actually initiate in the nucleus}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Artificial diamonds are forever: 70 years of synthesizing these iconic gems. NATURE, 643(8074), 1197-1199. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In 1955, a reproducible method for synthesizing diamonds launched a global industry — and pointed the way to applications ranging from X-ray lenses to nuclear fusion. In 1955, a reproducible method for synthesizing diamonds launched a global industry — and pointed the way to applications ranging from X-ray lenses to nuclear fusion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Bingbing}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02133-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1197-1199}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Artificial diamonds are forever: 70 years of synthesizing these iconic gems}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Highly efficient enzymes designed from scratch. NATURE, 643(8074), 1196-1197. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A computational workflow designs proteins with catalytic efficiencies comparable to those of some natural enzymes — a landmark result for the field. A computational workflow designs proteins with catalytic efficiencies comparable to those of some natural enzymes — a landmark result for the field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shen, Zhuofan and Khare, Sagar D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02054-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1196-1197}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Highly efficient enzymes designed from scratch}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unusual fossil skin appendage is not a feather. NATURE, 643(8074), 1194-1195. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although large, elongated protrusions on a 247-million-year-old reptile fossil have some similarities to feathers, they are not feathers. Although large, elongated protrusions on a 247-million-year-old reptile fossil have some similarities to feathers, they are not feathers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prum, Richard O.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01711-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1194-1195}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unusual fossil skin appendage is not a feather}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of elusive interaction between neutrinos and atomic nuclei. NATURE, 643(8074), 1193-1194. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neutrinos are particles that are notoriously hard to detect, but observations of a process called coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering could enable physicists to develop better ways of studying them. Neutrinos are particles that are notoriously hard to detect, but observations of a process called coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering could enable physicists to develop better ways of studying them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wong, Henry T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02134-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1193-1194}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of elusive interaction between neutrinos and atomic nuclei}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protect the integrity of the US national institutes of health. NATURE, 643(8074), 1191. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kent Lloyd, Kevin C. and Johnston, Karen C. and Kelley, Barbara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02331-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1191}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protect the integrity of the US national institutes of health}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why space foods aren’t just for space. NATURE, 643(8074), 1188-1190. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Space agencies looking to set up long-term bases on the Moon need sustainable ways to feed astronauts. The approaches they are testing could also help to tackle challenges on Earth. Space agencies looking to set up long-term bases on the Moon need sustainable ways to feed astronauts. The approaches they are testing could also help to tackle challenges on Earth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, Nobuyo and Nikawa, Takeshi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02337-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1188-1190}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why space foods aren’t just for space}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China reins in the spiralling construction costs of nuclear power — What can other countries learn?. NATURE, 643(8074), 1186-1188. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Strengthening regulations and domestic supply chains could be key to making nuclear power more economically viable. Strengthening regulations and domestic supply chains could be key to making nuclear power more economically viable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Shangwei and He, Gang and Qiu, Minghao and Kammen, Daniel M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02341-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1186-1188}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China reins in the spiralling construction costs of nuclear power — What can other countries learn?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). To the moon and quack: Books in brief. NATURE, 643(8074), 1184. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02282-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1184}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {To the moon and quack: Books in brief}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Could bridging science and the arts be the key to better policies?. NATURE, 643(8074), 1182-1184. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To be successful, policymakers need to consider diverse perspectives. Here’s how we’re reimagining policy process. To be successful, policymakers need to consider diverse perspectives. Here’s how we’re reimagining policy process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Benincasa, Caterina and Eeckels, Adriaan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02351-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1182-1184}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Could bridging science and the arts be the key to better policies?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Physicists unleashed the power of the atom — But to what end?. NATURE, 643(8074), 1180-1182. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From laboratory quirks to Earth-shattering weapons, a chain of discoveries reached a devastating conclusion. From laboratory quirks to Earth-shattering weapons, a chain of discoveries reached a devastating conclusion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Finkbeiner, Ann}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02350-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1180-1182}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Physicists unleashed the power of the atom — But to what end?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Physicists disagree wildly on what quantum mechanics says about reality, nature survey shows. NATURE, 643(8074), 1175-1179. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {First major attempt to chart researchers’ views finds interpretations in conflict. First major attempt to chart researchers’ views finds interpretations in conflict.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02342-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1175-1179}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Physicists disagree wildly on what quantum mechanics says about reality, nature survey shows}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI. NATURE, 643(8074), 1172-1174. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Insights from human brains could inform how scientists search for awareness in all its possible forms. Insights from human brains could inform how scientists search for awareness in all its possible forms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02349-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1172-1174}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to detect consciousness in people, animals and maybe even AI}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The optimistic brain: Scans reveal thought patterns shared by positive thinkers. NATURE, 643(8074), 1170. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Insights from brain imaging could have implications for mental-health research. Insights from brain imaging could have implications for mental-health research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02302-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1170}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The optimistic brain: Scans reveal thought patterns shared by positive thinkers}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Researchers in dismay as US exits world science body UNESCO … again. NATURE, 643(8074), 1169-1170. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Trump administration plans the departure for the end of 2026 and criticizes the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The Trump administration plans the departure for the end of 2026 and criticizes the UN Sustainable Development Goals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02345-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1169-1170}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Researchers in dismay as US exits world science body UNESCO … again}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heart from organ donor restarted outside the body — Technique offers new source of organs. NATURE, 643(8074), 1168-1169. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Current procedures for reviving a heart for transplant are ethically fraught or expensive. Current procedures for reviving a heart for transplant are ethically fraught or expensive.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02243-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1168-1169}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heart from organ donor restarted outside the body — Technique offers new source of organs}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). People’s brains aged faster during the COVID pandemic — Even the uninfected. NATURE, 643(8074), 1167-1168. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study of nearly 1,000 people showed that brain ageing was not linked to infection status, but cognitive decline was. Study of nearly 1,000 people showed that brain ageing was not linked to infection status, but cognitive decline was.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02313-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1167-1168}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {People’s brains aged faster during the COVID pandemic — Even the uninfected}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China is boosting its antarctic research. what does that mean for the world?. NATURE, 643(8074), 1166-1167. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With US investment in polar science under threat, scientists hope that China’s interest in the region will benefit research. With US investment in polar science under threat, scientists hope that China’s interest in the region will benefit research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {You, Xiaoying}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02157-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1166-1167}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China is boosting its antarctic research. what does that mean for the world?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How getting tenure changes researchers’ publication habits — And citations. NATURE, 643(8074), 1165-1166. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Paper output varies between disciplines, as does the trend after tenure is achieved. Paper output varies between disciplines, as does the trend after tenure is achieved.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02320-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1165-1166}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How getting tenure changes researchers’ publication habits — And citations}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Controversial ‘arsenic life’ paper retracted after 15 years — But authors fight back. NATURE, 643(8074), 1163-1164. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The journal Science retracts a headline-grabbing study, but the authors vigorously defend their data and say the retraction is unwarranted. The journal Science retracts a headline-grabbing study, but the authors vigorously defend their data and say the retraction is unwarranted.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wolf, Lauren}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02325-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1163-1164}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Controversial ‘arsenic life’ paper retracted after 15 years — But authors fight back}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Immortal’ stars have an elixir of youth: Dark matter. NATURE, 643(8074), 1161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modelling suggests that annihilation of this strange, invisible matter helps stars to retain that youthful glow. Modelling suggests that annihilation of this strange, invisible matter helps stars to retain that youthful glow.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02294-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Immortal’ stars have an elixir of youth: Dark matter}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rumble in the miocene: Terror bird versus caiman. NATURE, 643(8074), 1161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Toothmarks on a fossilized bone tell a story of two mega-predators. Toothmarks on a fossilized bone tell a story of two mega-predators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02308-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rumble in the miocene: Terror bird versus caiman}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ageing stem cells in the knees drive arthritis damage. NATURE, 643(8074), 1161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mice with a version of osteoarthritis experienced symptom relief after expression of a protein targeting a stem-cell receptor was blocked. Mice with a version of osteoarthritis experienced symptom relief after expression of a protein targeting a stem-cell receptor was blocked.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02309-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ageing stem cells in the knees drive arthritis damage}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unexpected danger lurks in this giant fault in the yukon. NATURE, 643(8074), 1161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Tintina fault has triggered many more earthquakes than was thought — and a build-up of strain poses a hazard. The Tintina fault has triggered many more earthquakes than was thought — and a build-up of strain poses a hazard.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02310-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unexpected danger lurks in this giant fault in the yukon}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Africa needs to invest in science communication — Here’s how. NATURE, 643(8074), 1159. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Science journalism is almost non-existent in Africa, even in the countries that are becoming crucial hubs for research. This gap must be addressed to help protect Africans from misinformation. Science journalism is almost non-existent in Africa, even in the countries that are becoming crucial hubs for research. This gap must be addressed to help protect Africans from misinformation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kiyuka, Patience}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02348-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1159}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Africa needs to invest in science communication — Here’s how}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sleuths and scientific institutions are not rivals. NATURE, 643(8074), 1158. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Science detectives are helping the research community to hold itself to account. All involved must find better ways to work together. Science detectives are helping the research community to hold itself to account. All involved must find better ways to work together.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02347-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1158}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sleuths and scientific institutions are not rivals}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Physicists should revel in the diversity of ways to understand quantum mechanics. NATURE, 643(8074), 1157-1158. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature survey shows that disagreement about the meaning of quantum physics remains strong, even 100 years in. And that’s OK. Nature survey shows that disagreement about the meaning of quantum physics remains strong, even 100 years in. And that’s OK.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02346-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8074}, pages = {1157-1158}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Physicists should revel in the diversity of ways to understand quantum mechanics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss. NATURE, 643(8073), E24. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hinte, Laura C. and Castellano-Castillo, Daniel and Ghosh, Adhideb and Melrose, Kate and Gasser, Emanuel and Noé, Falko and Massier, Lucas and Dong, Hua and Sun, Wenfei and Hoffmann, Anne and Wolfrum, Christian and Rydén, Mikael and Mejhert, Niklas and Blüher, Matthias and von Meyenn, Ferdinand}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08909-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {E24}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Experiments implementing small commuting models lack gravitational features. NATURE, 643(8073), E20-E23. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jafferis, Daniel and Zlokapa, Alexander and Lykken, Joseph D. and Kolchmeyer, David K. and Davis, Samantha I. and Neven, Hartmut and Spiropulu, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08995-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {E20-E23}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Experiments implementing small commuting models lack gravitational features}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Experiments implementing small commuting models lack gravitational features. NATURE, 643(8073), E17-E19. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kobrin, Bryce and Schuster, Thomas and Yao, Norman Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08939-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {E17-E19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Experiments implementing small commuting models lack gravitational features}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘We have less than ten minutes’: How i communicate with spacecraft from the ground. NATURE, 643(8073), 1150. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Loren Chang designs satellites and other spacefaring machinery destined for low Earth orbit. Loren Chang designs satellites and other spacefaring machinery destined for low Earth orbit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tacon, Dave}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02267-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1150}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘We have less than ten minutes’: How i communicate with spacecraft from the ground}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Made-to-order DNA goes big: New tech doubles size of custom genetic sequences. NATURE, 643(8073), 1146-1147. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Enzyme-based techniques and refinements in organic chemistry ease the generation of extended DNA sequences. Enzyme-based techniques and refinements in organic chemistry ease the generation of extended DNA sequences.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Seydel, Caroline}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02261-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1146-1147}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Made-to-order DNA goes big: New tech doubles size of custom genetic sequences}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meet the biotech-company founders driven by their child’s rare disease. NATURE, 643(8073), 1143-1145. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For some parents, finding a cure for their child’s illness is the ultimate motivation to start a company. For some parents, finding a cure for their child’s illness is the ultimate motivation to start a company.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brazil, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02262-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1143-1145}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meet the biotech-company founders driven by their child’s rare disease}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Naturally ornate RNA-only complexes revealed by cryo-EM. NATURE, 643(8073), 1135-1142. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The structures of natural RNAs remain poorly characterized and may hold numerous surprises1–4. Here we report three-dimensional structures of three large ornate bacterial RNAs using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). GOLLD (Giant, Ornate, Lake- and Lactobacillales-Derived), ROOL (Rumen-Originating, Ornate, Large) and OLE (Ornate Large Extremophilic) RNAs form homo-oligomeric complexes whose stoichiometries are retained at lower concentrations than measured in cells. OLE RNA forms a dimeric complex with long co-axial pipes spanning two monomers. Both GOLLD and ROOL form distinct RNA-only multimeric nanocages with diameters larger than the ribosome, each empty except for a disordered loop. Extensive intramolecular and intermolecular A-minor interactions, kissing loops, an unusual A–A helix and other interactions stabilize the three complexes. Sequence covariation analysis of these large RNAs reveals evolutionary conservation of intermolecular interactions, supporting the biological importance of large, ornate RNA quaternary structures that can assemble without any involvement of proteins. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kretsch, Rachael C. and Wu, Yuan and Shabalina, Svetlana A. and Lee, Hyunbin and Nye, Grace and Koonin, Eugene V. and Gao, Alex and Chiu, Wah and Das, Rhiju}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09073-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1135-1142}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Naturally ornate RNA-only complexes revealed by cryo-EM}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural insights into human pol III transcription initiation in action. NATURE, 643(8073), 1127-1134. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes highly demanded RNAs grouped into three types of classical promoters, including type 1 (5S rRNA), type 2 (tRNA) and type 3 (short non-coding RNAs, such as U6, 7SK and RNase H1) promoters1–7. While structures of the Pol III preinitiation complex (PIC)8–11 and elongation complex (EC)12–16 have been determined, the mechanism underlying the transition from initiation to elongation remains unclear. Here we reconstituted seven human Pol III transcribing complexes (TC4, TC5, TC6, TC8, TC10, TC12 and TC13) halted on U6 promoters with nascent RNAs of 4–13 nucleotides. Cryo-electron microscopy structures captured initially transcribing complexes (ITCs; TC4 and TC5) and ECs (TC6–13). Together with KMnO4 footprinting, the data reveal extensive modular rearrangements: the transcription bubble expands from PIC to TC5, followed by general transcription factor (GTF) dissociation and abrupt bubble collapse from TC5 to TC6, marking the ITC–EC transition. In TC5, SNAPc and TFIIIB remain bound to the promoter and Pol III, while the RNA–DNA hybrid adopts a tilted conformation with template DNA blocked by BRF2, a TFIIIB subunit. Hybrid forward translocation during ITC–EC transition triggers BRF2-finger retraction, GTF release and transcription-bubble collapse. Pol III then escapes the promoter while GTFs stay bound upstream, potentially enabling reinitiation. These findings reveal molecular insights into Pol III dynamics and reinitiation mechanisms on type 3 promoters of highly demanded small RNAs, with the earliest documented initiation–elongation transition for an RNA polymerase. Reconstitution of seven human RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribing complexes (TC4/5/6/8/10/12/13) halted on U6 promoters with nascent RNAs of 4–13 nucleotides offers molecular insights into Pol III dynamics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Qianmin and Ren, Yulei and Jin, Qianwei and Chen, Xizi and Xu, Yanhui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09093-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1127-1134}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural insights into human pol III transcription initiation in action}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular basis of SIFI activity in the integrated stress response. NATURE, 643(8073), 1117-1126. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chronic stress response activation impairs cell survival and causes devastating degenerative diseases1–3. Organisms accordingly deploy silencing factors, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase silencing factor of the integrated stress response (SIFI), to terminate stress response signalling and ensure cellular homeostasis4. How a silencing factor can sense stress across cellular scales to elicit timely stress response inactivation is poorly understood. Here we combine cryo-electron microscopy analysis of endogenous SIFI with AlphaFold modelling and biochemical studies to report the structural and mechanistic basis of the silencing of the integrated stress response. SIFI detects both stress indicators and stress response components through flexible domains within an easily accessible scaffold, before building linkage-specific ubiquitin chains at separate, sterically restricted elongation modules. Ubiquitin handover by a ubiquitin-like domain couples versatile substrate modification to linkage-specific ubiquitin polymer formation. Stress response silencing therefore exploits a catalytic mechanism that is geared towards processing many diverse proteins and therefore allows a single enzyme to monitor and, if needed, modulate a complex cellular state. To efficiently silence the integrated stress response, SIFI detects many diverse substrates that include stress indicators and stress response components through flexible domains within an easily accessible scaffold, before building linkage-specific ubiquitin chains at separate, sterically restricted elongation modules.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Zhi and Haakonsen, Diane L. and Heider, Michael and Witus, Samuel R. and Zelter, Alex and Beschauner, Tobias and MacCoss, Michael J. and Rapé, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09074-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1117-1126}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular basis of SIFI activity in the integrated stress response}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probing condensate microenvironments with a micropeptide killswitch. NATURE, 643(8073), 1107-1116. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biomolecular condensates are thought to create subcellular microenvironments that have different physicochemical properties compared with their surrounding nucleoplasm or cytoplasm1–5. However, probing the microenvironments of condensates and their relationship to biological function is a major challenge because tools to selectively manipulate specific condensates in living cells are limited6–9. Here, we develop a non-natural micropeptide (that is, the killswitch) and a nanobody-based recruitment system as a universal approach to probe endogenous condensates, and demonstrate direct links between condensate microenvironments and function in cells. The killswitch is a hydrophobic, aromatic-rich sequence with the ability to self-associate, and has no homology to human proteins. When recruited to endogenous and disease-specific condensates in human cells, the killswitch immobilized condensate-forming proteins, leading to both predicted and unexpected effects. Targeting the killswitch to the nucleolar protein NPM1 altered nucleolar composition and reduced the mobility of a ribosomal protein in nucleoli. Targeting the killswitch to fusion oncoprotein condensates altered condensate compositions and inhibited the proliferation of condensate-driven leukaemia cells. In adenoviral nuclear condensates, the killswitch inhibited partitioning of capsid proteins into condensates and suppressed viral particle assembly. The results suggest that the microenvironment within cellular condensates has an essential contribution to non-stoichiometric enrichment and mobility of effector proteins. The killswitch is a widely applicable tool to alter the material properties of endogenous condensates and, as a consequence, to probe functions of condensates linked to diverse physiological and pathological processes. Targeting a non-natural micropeptide ‘killswitch’ to several biomolecular condensates altered condensate compositions and revealed condensate functions in human cells}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Yaotian and Stöppelkamp, Ida and Fernandez-Pernas, Pablo and Allram, Melanie and Charman, Matthew and Magalhaes, Alexandre P. and Piedavent-Salomon, Melanie and Sommer, Gregor and Sung, Yu-Chieh and Meyer, Katrina and Grams, Nicholas and Halko, Edwin and Dongre, Shivali and Meierhofer, David and Malszycki, Michal and Ilik, Ibrahim A. and Aktas, Tugce and Kraushar, Matthew L. and Vastenhouw, Nadine and Weitzman, Matthew D. and Grebien, Florian and Niskanen, Henri and Hnisz, Denes}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09141-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1107-1116}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probing condensate microenvironments with a micropeptide killswitch}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In vivo haemopoietic stem cell gene therapy enabled by postnatal trafficking. NATURE, 643(8073), 1097-1106. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated ex vivo gene therapy for haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has delivered on the promise of a ‘one-and-done’ treatment for several genetic diseases1. However, ex vivo manipulation and patient conditioning before transplantation are major hurdles that could be overcome by an in vivo approach. Here we demonstrate that in vivo gene delivery to HSPCs after systemic LV administration is enabled by the substantial trafficking of these cells from the liver to the bone marrow in newborn mice. We improved gene-transfer efficiency using a phagocytosis-shielded LV, successfully reaching bona fide HSPCs capable of long-term multilineage output and engraftment after serial transplantation, as confirmed by clonal tracking. HSPC mobilization further increased gene transfer, extending the window of intervention, although permissiveness to LV transduction declined with age. We successfully tested this in vivo strategy in mouse models of adenosine deaminase deficiency, autosomal recessive osteopetrosis and Fanconi anaemia. Interestingly, in vivo gene transfer provided a selective advantage to corrected HSPCs in Fanconi anaemia, leading to near-complete haematopoietic reconstitution and prevention of bone marrow failure. Given that circulating HSPCs in humans are also most abundant shortly after birth, in vivo HSPC gene transfer holds strong translational potential across multiple diseases. In vivo gene delivery to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in newborn mice using engineered lentiviral vectors shows promise as an effective treatment for genetic diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Milani, Michela and Fabiano, Anna and Perez-Rodriguez, Marta and Hernandez, Raisa Jofra and Zecchillo, Alessandra and Zonari, Erika and Ottonello, Sofia and Basso-Ricci, Luca and Canepari, Cesare and Volpin, Monica and Iannello, Valeria and Capo, Valentina and Quaranta, Pamela and Seffin, Luca and Russo, Fabio and Biffi, Mauro and Ormoli, Leonardo and Brombin, Chiara and Carlucci, Filippo and Forlino, Antonella and Filibian, Marta and Montini, Eugenio and Scala, Serena and Villa, Anna and Bueren, Juan Antonio and Rio, Paula and Aiuti, Alessandro and Cantore, Alessio and Naldini, Luigi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09070-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1097-1106}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In vivo haemopoietic stem cell gene therapy enabled by postnatal trafficking}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Interferon-γ orchestrates leptomeningeal anti-tumour response. NATURE, 643(8073), 1087-1096. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metastasis to the cerebrospinal-fluid-filled leptomeninges, or leptomeningeal metastasis, represents a fatal complication of solid tumours1. Multimodal analyses of clinical specimens reveal substantial inflammatory infiltrate in leptomeningeal metastases with enrichment of IFNγ and resulting downstream signalling. Here, to investigate and overcome this futile anti-tumour response within the leptomeninges, we developed syngeneic lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma leptomeningeal-metastasis mouse models. We show that transgenic host mice lacking IFNγ or its receptor fail to control the growth of leptomeningeal metastases growth. Leptomeningeal overexpression of Ifng through a targeted adeno-associated-virus-based system controls cancer cell growth independent of adaptive immunity. Using a suite of transgenic hosts, we demonstrate that leptomeningeal T cells generate IFNγ to actively recruit and activate peripheral myeloid cells, generating a diverse spectrum of dendritic cell subsets. Independent of antigen presentation, migratory CCR7+ dendritic cells orchestrate the influx, proliferation and cytotoxic action of natural killer cells to control cancer cell growth in the leptomeninges. This study identifies unique, leptomeninges-specific IFNγ signalling and suggests an immune-therapeutic approach against tumours within this space. Independent of antigen presentation, migratory CCR7+ dendritic cells orchestrate the influx, proliferation and cytotoxic action of natural killer cells to control cancer cell growth in the leptomeninges.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Remsik, Jan and Tong, Xinran and Kunes, Russell Z. and Li, Min Jun and Estrera, Rachel and Snyder, Jenna and Thomson, Clark and Osman, Ahmed M. and Chabot, Kiana and Sener, Ugur T. and Wilcox, Jessica A. and Isakov, Danielle and Wang, Helen and Bale, Tejus A. and Chaligné, Ronan and Sun, Joseph C. and Brown, Chrysothemis and Pe’er, Dana and Boire, Adrienne}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09012-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1087-1096}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Interferon-γ orchestrates leptomeningeal anti-tumour response}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CREM is a regulatory checkpoint of CAR and IL-15 signalling in NK cells. NATURE, 643(8073), 1076-1086. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy offers a promising approach against cancer1–3. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate CAR-NK cell activity remain unclear. Here we identify the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element modulator (CREM) as a crucial regulator of NK cell function. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant induction of CREM in CAR-NK cells during the peak of effector function after adoptive transfer in a tumour mouse model, and this peak coincided with signatures of both activation and dysfunction. We demonstrate that both CAR activation and interleukin-15 signalling rapidly induce CREM upregulation in NK cells. Functionally, CREM deletion enhances CAR-NK cell effector function both in vitro and in vivo and increases resistance to tumour-induced immunosuppression after rechallenge. Mechanistically, we establish that induction of CREM is mediated by the PKA–CREB signalling pathway, which can be activated by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signalling downstream of CAR activation or by interleukin-15. Finally, our findings reveal that CREM exerts its regulatory functions through epigenetic reprogramming of CAR-NK cells. Our results provide support for CREM as a therapeutic target to enhance the antitumour efficacy of CAR-NK cells. The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rafei, Hind and Basar, Rafet and Acharya, Sunil and Hsu, Yu-Sung and Liu, Pinghua and Zhang, Deqiang and Bohn, Toszka and Liang, Qingnan and Mohanty, Vakul and Upadhyay, Ranjan and Li, Ping and Phadatare, Pravin and Dede, Merve and Xiong, Donghai and Fan, Huihui and Jones, Corry Mathew and Kunz, Sebastian and Daher, May and Nunez Cortes, Ana Karen and Shanley, Mayra and Liu, Bin and Moseley, Sadie Mae and Zhang, Chenyu and Fang, Dexing and Banerjee, Pinaki and Uprety, Nadima and Li, Ye and Shrestha, Rejeena and Wan, Xinhai and Shen, Hong and Woods, Vernikka and Gilbert, April Lamour and Rawal, Seema and Dou, Jinzhuang and Tan, Yukun and Park, Jeong-Min and Reyes Silva, Francia and Biederstädt, Alexander and Kaplan, Mecit and Jiang, Xin Ru and Biederstädt, Inci and Kumar, Bijender and Tiberti, Silvia and Moore, Madison and Jin, Jingling and Yang, Ryan Z. and Muniz-Feliciano, Luis and Rosemore, Samuel and Lin, Paul and Deyter, Gary M. and Fowlkes, Natalie Wall and Jain, Abhinav K. and Marin, David and Maitra, Anirban and Chen, Ken and Bopp, Tobias and Shpall, Elizabeth J. and Rezvani, Katayoun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09087-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1076-1086}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CREM is a regulatory checkpoint of CAR and IL-15 signalling in NK cells}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin of thymic mimetic cells. NATURE, 643(8073), 1066-1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The generation of self-tolerant repertoires of T cells depends on the expression of peripheral self antigens in the thymic epithelium1 and the presence of small populations of cells that mimic the diverse phenotypes of peripheral tissues2–7. Whereas the molecular underpinnings of self-antigen expression have been extensively studied8, the developmental origins and differentiation pathways of thymic mimetic cells remain to be identified. Moreover, the histological identification of myoid and other peripheral cell types as components of the thymic microenvironment of many vertebrate species9 raises questions regarding the evolutionary origin of this unique tolerance mechanism. Here we show that during mouse development, mimetic cells appear in the microenvironment in two successive waves. Cells that exhibit transcriptional signatures characteristic of muscle, ionocyte, goblet and ciliated cells emerge before birth, whereas others, such as those that mimic enterohepatic cells and skin keratinocytes, appear postnatally. These two groups also respond differently to modulations of thymic epithelial cell progenitor pools caused by deletions of Foxn1 and Ascl1, expression of a hypomorphic variant of the transcription factor FOXN1, and overexpression of the signalling molecules BMP4 and FGF7. Differences in mimetic cell populations were also observed in thymic microenvironments reconstructed by replacement of mouse Foxn1 with evolutionarily ancient Foxn1/4 gene family members, including the Foxn4 gene of the cephalochordate amphioxus and the Foxn4 and Foxn1 genes of a cartilaginous fish. Whereas some cell types, such as ciliated cells, develop in the thymus in the absence of FOXN1, mimetic cells that appear postnatally, such as enterohepatic cells, require the activity of the vertebrate-specific transcription factor FOXN1. The thymus of cartilaginous fishes and the thymoid of lampreys, a representative of jawless vertebrates, which exhibit an alternative adaptive immune system10, also harbour cells that express genes encoding peripheral tissue components such as the liver-specific protein transthyretin. Our findings suggest an evolutionary model of successive changes of thymic epithelial genetic networks enabling the coordinated contribution of peripheral antigen expression and mimetic cell formation to achieve central tolerance for vertebrate-specific innovations of tissues such as the liver11,12. In mice, tissue-mimetic cells appear in thymus in two distinct waves, creating two distinct pools of mimetic cells, each expressing antigens characteristic of different cell types.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nusser, Anja and Thomas, Oliver S. and Zhang, Gaoqun and Nagakubo, Daisuke and Arrigoni, Laura and Krauth, Brigitte and Boehm, Thomas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09148-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1066-1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin of thymic mimetic cells}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CoQ imbalance drives reverse electron transport to disrupt liver metabolism. NATURE, 643(8073), 1057-1065. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are central to physiology1,2. Excess mROS production has been associated with several disease states2,3; however, the precise sources, regulation and mechanism of generation in vivo remain unclear, which limits translational efforts. Here we show that in obesity, hepatic coenzyme Q (CoQ) synthesis is impaired, which increases the CoQH2 to CoQ (CoQH2/CoQ) ratio and drives excessive mROS production through reverse electron transport (RET) from site IQ in complex I. Using multiple complementary genetic and pharmacological models in vivo, we demonstrate that RET is crucial for metabolic health. In patients with steatosis, the hepatic CoQ biosynthetic program is also suppressed, and the CoQH2/CoQ ratio positively correlates with disease severity. Our data identify a highly selective mechanism for pathological mROS production in obesity, which can be targeted to protect metabolic homeostasis. Reverse electron transport is the mechanism behind excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the livers of obese mice, which has implications for developing therapeutics for fatty liver disease in humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goncalves, Renata L. S. and Wang, Zeqiu Branden and Riveros, Jillian K. and Parlakgül, Güneş and Inouye, Karen E. and Lee, Grace Yankun and Fu, Xiaorong and Saksi, Jani and Rosique, Clement and Hui, Sheng Tony and Coll, Mar and Arruda, Ana Paula and Burgess, Shawn C. and Graupera, Isabel and Hotamışlıgil, Gökhan S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09072-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1057-1065}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CoQ imbalance drives reverse electron transport to disrupt liver metabolism}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prefrontal encoding of an internal model for emotional inference. NATURE, 643(8073), 1044-1056. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A key function of brain systems mediating emotion is to learn to anticipate unpleasant experiences. Although organisms readily associate sensory stimuli with aversive outcomes, higher-order forms of emotional learning and memory require inference to extrapolate the circumstances surrounding directly experienced aversive events to other indirectly related sensory patterns that were not part of the original experience. This type of learning requires internal models of emotion, which flexibly track directly experienced and inferred aversive associations. Although the brain mechanisms of simple forms of aversive learning have been well studied in areas such as the amygdala1–4, whether and how the brain forms and represents internal models of emotionally relevant associations are not known5. Here we report that neurons in the rodent dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) encode a flexible internal model of emotion by linking sensory stimuli in the environment with aversive events, whether they were directly or indirectly associated with that experience. These representations form through a multi-step encoding mechanism involving recruitment and stabilization of dmPFC cells that support inference. Although dmPFC population activity encodes all salient associations, dmPFC neurons projecting to the amygdala specifically represent and are required to express inferred associations. Together, these findings reveal how internal models of emotion are encoded in the dmPFC to regulate subcortical systems for recall of inferred emotional memories. Neurons in the rodent dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encode a flexible internal model of emotion by linking directly experienced and inferred associations with aversive experiences.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gu, Xiaowei and Johansen, Joshua P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09001-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1044-1056}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prefrontal encoding of an internal model for emotional inference}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Remote activation of place codes by gaze in a highly visual animal. NATURE, 643(8073), 1037-1043. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Vision enables many animals to perform spatial reasoning from remote locations1. By viewing distant landmarks, animals recall spatial memories and plan future trajectories. Although these spatial functions depend on hippocampal place cells2,3, the relationship between place cells and active visual behaviour is unknown. Here we studied a highly visual animal, the chickadee, in a behaviour that required alternating between remote visual search and spatial navigation. We leveraged the head-directed nature of avian vision to track gaze in freely moving animals. We discovered a profound link between place coding and gaze. Place cells activated not only when the chickadee was in a specific location, but also when it simply gazed at that location from a distance. Gaze coding was precisely timed by fast ballistic head movements called ‘head saccades’4,5. On each saccadic cycle, the hippocampus switched between encoding a prediction of what the bird was about to see and a reaction to what it actually saw. The temporal structure of these responses was coordinated by subclasses of interneurons that fired at different phases of the saccade. We suggest that place and gaze coding are components of a unified process by which the hippocampus represents the location that is relevant to the animal in each moment. This process allows the hippocampus to implement both local and remote spatial functions. Place cells in the chickadee hippocampus coherently represent locations in space, whether physically visited or viewed, enabling spatial reasoning at a distance through a unified process coordinated by head saccades.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Payne, Hannah L. and Aronov, Dmitriy}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09101-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1037-1043}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Remote activation of place codes by gaze in a highly visual animal}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation aids recovery from spinal cord injury. NATURE, 643(8073), 1030-1036. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Decades of research have demonstrated that recovery from serious neurological injury will require synergistic therapeutic approaches. Rewiring spared neural circuits after injury is a long-standing goal of neurorehabilitation1,2. We hypothesized that combining intensive, progressive, task-focused training with real-time closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (CLV) to enhance synaptic plasticity3 could increase strength, expand range of motion and improve hand function in people with chronic, incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Here we report the results from a prospective, double-blinded, sham-controlled, randomized study combining gamified physical therapy using force and motion sensors to deliver sham or active CLV (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04288245). After 12 weeks of therapy composed of a miniaturized implant selectively activating the vagus nerve on successful movements, 19 people exhibited a significant beneficial effect on arm and hand strength and the ability to perform activities of daily living. CLV represents a promising therapeutic avenue for people with chronic, incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Following spinal cord injury, gamified physical therapy that incorporates closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation can aid restoration of arm and hand function.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kilgard, Michael P. and Epperson, Joseph D. and Adehunoluwa, Emmanuel A. and Swank, Chad and Porter, Amy L. and Pruitt, David T. and Gallaway, Holle L. and Stevens, Christi and Gillespie, Jaime and Arnold, Dannae and Powers, Mark B. and Hamilton, Rita G. and Naftalis, Richard C. and Foreman, Michael L. and Wigginton, Jane G. and Hays, Seth A. and Rennaker, Robert L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09028-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1030-1036}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation aids recovery from spinal cord injury}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rapid emergence of a maths gender gap in first grade. NATURE, 643(8073), 1020-1029. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Preventing gender disparities in mathematics is a worldwide preoccupation1,2. In infancy and early childhood, boys and girls exhibit similar core knowledge of number and space3–8. Gender disparities in maths are, therefore, thought to primarily reflect an internalization of the sociocultural stereotype that ‘girls are bad at maths’. However, where, when and how widely this stereotype becomes entrenched remains uncertain. Here, we report the results of a 4-year longitudinal assessment of language and mathematical performance of all French first and second graders (2,653,082 children). Boys and girls exhibited very similar maths scores upon school entry, but a gender gap in favour of boys became highly significant after 4 months of schooling and reached an effect size of about 0.20 after 1 year. These findings were repeated each year and varied only slightly across family, class or school type and socio-economic level. Although schooling correlated with age, exploiting the near-orthogonal variations indicated that the gender gap increased with schooling rather than with age. These findings point to the first year of school as the time and place where a maths gender gap emerges in favour of boys, thus helping focus the search for solutions and interventions. Boys and girls exhibit very similar maths scores upon school entry, but a gender gap in favour of boys becomes highly significant after 4 months of schooling, which increases with years of schooling, independently of age.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Martinot, P. and Colnet, B. and Breda, T. and Sultan, J. and Touitou, L. and Huguet, P. and Spelke, E. and Dehaene-Lambertz, G. and Bressoux, P. and Dehaene, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09126-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1020-1029}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rapid emergence of a maths gender gap in first grade}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The spatiotemporal distribution of human pathogens in ancient eurasia. NATURE, 643(8073), 1011-1019. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Infectious diseases have had devastating effects on human populations throughout history, but important questions about their origins and past dynamics remain1. To create an archaeogenetic-based spatiotemporal map of human pathogens, we screened shotgun-sequencing data from 1,313 ancient humans covering 37,000 years of Eurasian history. We demonstrate the widespread presence of ancient bacterial, viral and parasite DNA, identifying 5,486 individual hits against 492 species from 136 genera. Among those hits, 3,384 involve known human pathogens2, many of which had not previously been identified in ancient human remains. Grouping the ancient microbial species according to their likely reservoir and type of transmission, we find that most groups are identified throughout the entire sampling period. Zoonotic pathogens are only detected from around 6,500 years ago, peaking roughly 5,000 years ago, coinciding with the widespread domestication of livestock3. Our findings provide direct evidence that this lifestyle change resulted in an increased infectious disease burden. They also indicate that the spread of these pathogens increased substantially during subsequent millennia, coinciding with the pastoralist migrations from the Eurasian Steppe4,5. Screening shotgun-sequencing data from ancient humans covering 37,000 years of Eurasian history uncovers the widespread presence of ancient bacterial, viral and parasite DNA and zoonotic pathogens coincide with the widespread domestication of livestock.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sikora, Martin and Canteri, Elisabetta and Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio and Oskolkov, Nikolay and Ågren, Rasmus and Hansson, Lena and Irving-Pease, Evan K. and Mühlemann, Barbara and Holtsmark Nielsen, Sofie and Scorrano, Gabriele and Allentoft, Morten E. and Valeur Seersholm, Frederik and Schroeder, Hannes and Gaunitz, Charleen and Stenderup, Jesper and Vinner, Lasse and Jones, Terry C. and Nystedt, Björn and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Parkhill, Julian and Fugger, Lars and Racimo, Fernando and Kristiansen, Kristian and Iversen, Astrid K. N. and Willerslev, Eske}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09192-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1011-1019}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The spatiotemporal distribution of human pathogens in ancient eurasia}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Domesticated cannabinoid synthases amid a wild mosaic cannabis pangenome. NATURE, 643(8073), 1001-1010. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cannabis sativa is a globally important seed oil, fibre and drug-producing plant species. However, a century of prohibition has severely restricted development of breeding and germplasm resources, leaving potential hemp-based nutritional and fibre applications unrealized. Here we present a cannabis pangenome, constructed with 181 new and 12 previously released genomes from a total of 144 biological samples including both male (XY) and female (XX) plants. We identified widespread regions of the cannabis pangenome that are surprisingly diverse for a single species, with high levels of genetic and structural variation, and propose a novel population structure and hybridization history. Across the ancient heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes, we observed a variable boundary at the sex-determining and pseudoautosomal regions as well as genes that exhibit male-biased expression, including genes encoding several key flowering regulators. Conversely, the cannabinoid synthase genes, which are responsible for producing cannabidiol acid and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, contained very low levels of diversity, despite being embedded within a variable region with multiple pseudogenized paralogues, structural variation and distinct transposable element arrangements. Additionally, we identified variants of acyl-lipid thioesterase genes that were associated with fatty acid chain length variation and the production of the rare cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabivarin and cannabidivarin. We conclude that the C. sativa gene pool remains only partially characterized, the existence of wild relatives in Asia is likely and its potential as a crop species remains largely unrealized. A pangenome of the Cannabis genus including 193 genomes demonstrates high variability in most of the genome but low diversity in cannabinoid synthesis genes and provides a resource for future genetic studies and crop optimization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lynch, Ryan C. and Padgitt-Cobb, Lillian K. and Garfinkel, Andrea R. and Knaus, Brian J. and Hartwick, Nolan T. and Allsing, Nicholas and Aylward, Anthony and Bentz, Philip C. and Carey, Sarah B. and Mamerto, Allen and Kitony, Justine K. and Colt, Kelly and Murray, Emily R. and Duong, Tiffany and Chen, Heidi I. and Trippe, Aaron and Harkess, Alex and Crawford, Seth and Vining, Kelly and Michael, Todd P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09065-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {1001-1010}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Domesticated cannabinoid synthases amid a wild mosaic cannabis pangenome}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long-distance navigation at night. NATURE, 643(8073), 994-1000. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Each spring, billions of Bogong moths escape hot conditions across southeast Australia by migrating up to 1,000 km to a place that they have never previously visited—a limited number of cool caves in the Australian Alps, historically used for aestivating over summer1,2. At the beginning of autumn, the same individuals make a return migration to their breeding grounds to reproduce and die. Here we show that Bogong moths use the starry night sky as a compass to distinguish between specific geographical directions, thereby navigating in their inherited migratory direction towards their distant goal. By tethering spring and autumn migratory moths in a flight simulator3–5, we found that, under naturalistic moonless night skies and in a nulled geomagnetic field (disabling the moth’s known magnetic sense4), moths flew in their seasonally appropriate migratory directions. Visual interneurons in different regions of the moth’s brain responded specifically to rotations of the night sky and were tuned to a common sky orientation, firing maximally when the moth was headed southwards. Our results suggest that Bogong moths use stellar cues and the Earth’s magnetic field to create a robust compass system for long-distance nocturnal navigation towards a specific destination. Every spring, Bogong moths use the starry night sky as a compass to navigate up to 1,000 km towards their alpine migratory goal.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dreyer, David and Adden, Andrea and Chen, Hui and Frost, Barrie and Mouritsen, Henrik and Xu, Jingjing and Green, Ken and Whitehouse, Mary and Chahl, Javaan and Wallace, Jesse and Hu, Gao and Foster, James and Heinze, Stanley and Warrant, Eric}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09135-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {994-1000}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bogong moths use a stellar compass for long-distance navigation at night}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trade-offs in aviation impacts on climate favour non-CO2 mitigation. NATURE, 643(8073), 988-993. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate assessments of civil aviation1,2 have consistently quantified the dominant climate-forcing components: (1) CO2 emissions, (2) NOx (NO + NO2) emissions and (3) persistent contrails. All three components exert a positive radiative forcing (RF) and lead to climate warming of similar magnitudes. The aviation community is actively seeking to reduce its climate footprint through advanced engine technologies, more sustainable aviation fuel and optimal routing plans3–12. These approaches usually involve a trade-off of CO2 against NOx or contrails (non-CO2), such as burning 1% more fuel to decrease contrail RF by 4%. Here, we show that a climate-trade-off risk curve derived from uncertainties in the RF components2,13–16 can give the probability that a specified trade-off ratio will produce a climate benefit. For each component, we calculate the integrated effective RF resulting from 1 year of flights: global warming per activity (GWA). The complementary cumulative probability distribution of the GWA(non-CO2) to GWA(CO2) ratio results in a climate-trade-off risk curve giving the likelihood of a positive climate outcome as a function of the trade-off-CO2 to trade-off-non-CO2 ratio, because the product, GWA × trade-off, should be the same for both. We find a likely (67%) chance of climate mitigation on a 100-year time horizon for the above suggested ratio of 1:4, favouring proposed non-CO2 mitigation efforts3–12 with ratios smaller than this. A climate-trade-off risk curve derived from uncertainties in the radiative-forcing components indicates that focusing on reducing contrails or nitrogen oxide emissions is more effective than reducing CO2 emissions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prather, Michael J. and Gettelman, Andrew and Penner, Joyce E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09198-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {988-993}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trade-offs in aviation impacts on climate favour non-CO2 mitigation}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Decadal changes in atmospheric circulation detected in cloud motion vectors. NATURE, 643(8073), 983-987. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Changing atmospheric circulations shift global weather patterns and their extremes, profoundly affecting human societies and ecosystems. Studies using atmospheric reanalysis and climate model data1–9 indicate diverse circulation changes in recent decades but show discrepancies in magnitude and even direction, underscoring the urgent need for validation with independent, climate-quality measurements3. Here we show statistically significant changes in tropospheric circulation over the past two decades using satellite-observed, height-resolved cloud motion vectors from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR)10,11. Upper tropospheric cloud motion speeds in the mid-latitudes have increased by up to about 4 m s−1 decade−1. This acceleration is primarily because of the strengthening of meridional flow, potentially indicating more poleward storm tracks or intensified extratropical cyclones. The Northern and Southern Hemisphere tropics shifted poleward at rates of 0.42 ± 0.22 and 0.02 ± 0.14° latitude decade−1 (95% confidence interval), respectively, whereas the corresponding polar fronts shifted at rates of 0.37 ± 0.31 and 0.31 ± 0.21° latitude decade−1. We also show that the widely used ERA5 (ref. 12) reanalysis winds subsampled to the MISR are in good agreement with the climatological values and trends of the MISR but indicate probable ERA5 biases in the upper troposphere. These MISR-based observations provide critical benchmarks for refining reanalysis and climate models to advance our understanding of climate change impacts on cloud and atmospheric circulations. Analysis of cloud motion vectors from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer over the past two decades indicates an acceleration and poleward shift of atmospheric circulation, and comparison with ERA5 reanalysis winds suggests probable ERA5 biases in the upper troposphere.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Di Girolamo, Larry and Zhao, Guangyu and Zhang, Gan and Wang, Zhuo and Loveridge, Jesse and Mitra, Arka}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09242-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {983-987}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Decadal changes in atmospheric circulation detected in cloud motion vectors}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Boron-mediated modular assembly of tetrasubstituted alkenes. NATURE, 643(8073), 975-982. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Alkenes are a central part of organic chemistry1–3. However, although most alkenes are easy to prepare, the controlled synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes, those with four groups around the central C=C bond, remains challenging1–5. Here we report the boron-mediated assembly of tetrasubstituted alkenes with complete control of the double-bond geometry. The migrating group and electrophile add syn across the alkyne. Mild oxidation leads to intermediate borinic esters6, which can be isolated and purified or reacted directly in a range of transformations, including cross-couplings and homologation reactions. In particular, subjecting the intermediate borinic esters to Zweifel7,8 olefination conditions can give either retention or inversion of the double-bond geometry, depending on whether base is present or not. Different positional and stereoisomers of the tetrasubstituted alkenes can be easily accessed, highlighting the breadth and versatility of the method. This was showcased through its successful application to the rapid synthesis of drug molecules and natural products with high yield and stereocontrol. Not only does this method provide efficient access to the long-standing challenge of the stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes but it also introduces new concepts related to the intervention of non-classical borenium ions in the Zweifel olefination. A method based on boron-mediated assembly is described for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes, molecules with four substituents around the central C=C bond, with complete control over the double-bond geometry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wei, Liang and Popescu, Mihai V. and Noble, Adam and Paton, Robert S. and Aggarwal, Varinder K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09209-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {975-982}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Boron-mediated modular assembly of tetrasubstituted alkenes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stereodivergent transformation of a natural polyester to enantiopure PHAs. NATURE, 643(8073), 967-974. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Natural chiral polymers, such as DNA, proteins, cellulose and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] ((R)-P3HB), are prevalent in their enantiopure forms1,2. Existing methods to synthesize enantiopure polymers focus on enantiospecific polymerization, in which only one specific enantiomer is obtained from the corresponding chiral monomer3–6. Here we introduce a catalytic stereodivergent synthetic strategy to access all enantiopure di-isotactic poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) diastereomers from bacterial (R)-P3HB as the single chiral source. A series of enantiopure (R,R)-α-alkylated-β-butyrolactones are obtained from (R)-P3HB and then subjected to the catalyst-controlled diastereodivergent ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to enantiopure di-isotactic α-alkylated PHAs. Metal-catalysed coordination–insertion ROP results in threo-(R,R)-di-isotactic PHAs with chiral retention, whereas anionic ROP catalysed by an organic superbase produces erythro-(R,S)-di-isotactic PHAs with chiral inversion, achieving precision di-isotactic PHAs with exclusive regio- and stereoregularity. This strategy has also enabled the stereodivergent synthesis of all four [(R,R), (S,S), (R,S) and (S,R)] stereoisomers of α,α-dialkylated PHAs from (R)-P3HB, which can be depolymerized to chiral α,α-dialkylated-β-butyrolactones with high stereoselectivity. Overall, this catalyst-controlled regio- and stereoselective, stereodivergent synthetic methodology provides access to 16 enantiopure stereoisomers of α(α)-(di)substituted PHAs and enables the stereochemistry-defined structure–property relationship study of the di-isotactic PHAs, providing insights into the effects of main-chain stereoconfigurations and alkyl side chains on their thermal properties, melt processability, mechanical performance and supramolecular stereocomplexation. Stereoselective synthetic routes use P3HB (a polyester produced by bacteria) as a chiral feedstock for related polymers that have properties more amenable to processing and use.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tian, Jun-Jie and Li, Ruirui and Quinn, Ethan C. and Nam, Jiyun and Chokkapu, Eswara Rao and Zhang, Zhen and Zhou, Li and Gowda, Ravikumar R. and Chen, Eugene Y.-X.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09220-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {967-974}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stereodivergent transformation of a natural polyester to enantiopure PHAs}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthesis of deuterated acids and bases using bipolar membranes. NATURE, 643(8073), 961-966. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Deuterated acids/bases are high-value bulk chemicals used for synthesizing deuterated pharmaceuticals1,2, modifying optoelectronic materials3 and mediating hydrogen isotope exchange reactions4,5. However, conventional synthesis methods require harsh reaction conditions with high energy consumption6,7. Here we propose a versatile platform that takes advantage of heavy water dissociation in bipolar membranes (BPMs) to produce deuterated acids and bases under particularly mild conditions. Specifically, D2SO4 (2.75 mol l−1) and KOD (5.82 mol l−1), which are comparable with commercial products, were prepared using inexpensive D2O and K2SO4. We find that the deuteron generation rate is approximately 1.25 times greater than that of the protons, which is attributed to less co-ion leakage of D+ than H+ through the anion-exchange membrane (AEM), lower salt leakage within BPMs in D2O than in H2O and lower dehydration barrier of deuterons than proton clusters in the membrane phase. Compared with other contributing factors, salt leakage plays a relatively minor role in the observed H+/D+ concentration difference. This flexible and robust platform facilitates the synthesis of various deuterium-labelled compounds. A method making use of heavy water dissociation in bipolar membranes to synthesize deuterated acids and bases is described, which requires particularly mild conditions and inexpensive D2O and K2SO4 and is also environmentally friendly.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yan, Junying and Jiang, Chenxiao and Zeng, Xiongzhi and Song, Wanjie and Yang, Jie and Ge, Xiaolin and Wu, Liang and Yang, Zhengjin and Li, Zhenyu and Wang, Yaoming and Xu, Tongwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09274-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {961-966}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthesis of deuterated acids and bases using bipolar membranes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hybrid quantum network for sensing in the acoustic frequency range. NATURE, 643(8073), 955-960. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultimate limits for the sensing of fields and forces are set by the quantum noise of a sensor1–3. Entanglement allows for suppression of such noise and for achieving sensitivity beyond standard quantum limits4–7. Applicability of quantum optical sensing is often restricted by fixed wavelengths of available photonic quantum sources. Another ubiquitous limitation is associated with challenges of achieving quantum-noise-limited sensitivity in the acoustic noise frequency range relevant for several applications. Here we demonstrate a tool for broadband quantum sensing by performing quantum state processing that can be applied to a wide range of the optical spectrum and by suppressing quantum noise over an octave in the acoustic frequency range. An atomic spin ensemble is strongly coupled to one of the frequency-tunable beams of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) source of light. The other EPR beam of light, entangled with the first one, is tuned to a disparate wavelength. Engineering the spin ensemble to act as a negative-mass or positive-mass oscillator, we demonstrate frequency-dependent quantum noise reduction for measurements at the disparate wavelength. The tunability of the spin ensemble enables targeting quantum noise in a variety of systems with dynamics ranging from kHz to MHz. As an example of broadband quantum noise reduction in the acoustic frequency range, we analyse the applicability of our approach to gravitational-wave detectors (GWDs). Other possible applications include continuous-variable quantum repeaters and distributed quantum sensing. A hybrid quantum network combining entangled light with an atomic spin ensemble engineered to act as a negative-mass oscillator enables frequency-dependent quantum noise reduction for measurements in the acoustic noise frequency range relevant for gravitational-wave detection.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Novikov, Valeriy and Jia, Jun and Brasil, Túlio Brito and Grimaldi, Andrea and Bocoum, Maïmouna and Balabas, Mikhail and Müller, Jörg Helge and Zeuthen, Emil and Polzik, Eugene Simon}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09224-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {955-960}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hybrid quantum network for sensing in the acoustic frequency range}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superheating gold beyond the predicted entropy catastrophe threshold. NATURE, 643(8073), 950-954. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In their landmark study1, Fecht and Johnson unveiled a phenomenon that they termed the ‘entropy catastrophe’, a critical point where the entropy of superheated crystals equates to that of their liquid counterparts. This point marks the uppermost stability boundary for solids at temperatures typically around three times their melting point. Despite the theoretical prediction of this ultimate stability threshold, its practical exploration has been prevented by numerous intermediate destabilizing events, colloquially known as a hierarchy of catastrophes2–5, which occur at far lower temperatures. Here we experimentally test this limit under ultrafast heating conditions, directly tracking the lattice temperature by using high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. Our gold samples are heated to temperatures over 14 times their melting point while retaining their crystalline structure, far surpassing the predicted threshold and suggesting a substantially higher or potentially no limit for superheating. We point to the inability of our samples to expand on these very short timescales as an important difference from previous estimates. These observations provide insights into the dynamics of melting under extreme conditions. Gold samples can be heated to more than 14 times their melting point while retaining their crystalline structure, far surpassing the predicted entropy catastrophe threshold and suggesting a substantially higher or potentially no limit for superheating.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {White, Thomas G. and Griffin, Travis D. and Haden, Daniel and Lee, Hae Ja and Galtier, Eric and Cunningham, Eric and Khaghani, Dimitri and Descamps, Adrien and Wollenweber, Lennart and Armentrout, Ben and Convery, Carson and Appel, Karen and Fletcher, Luke B. and Goede, Sebastian and Hastings, J. B. and Iratcabal, Jeremy and McBride, Emma E. and Molina, Jacob and Monaco, Giulio and Morrison, Landon and Stramel, Hunter and Yunus, Sameen and Zastrau, Ulf and Glenzer, Siegfried H. and Gregori, Gianluca and Gericke, Dirk O. and Nagler, Bob}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09253-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {950-954}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superheating gold beyond the predicted entropy catastrophe threshold}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Single nuclear spin detection and control in a van der waals material. NATURE, 643(8073), 943-949. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Optically active spin defects in solids1,2 are leading candidates for quantum sensing3,4 and quantum networking5,6. Recently, single spin defects were discovered in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)7–11, a layered van der Waals (vdW) material. Owing to its two-dimensional structure, hBN allows spin defects to be positioned closer to target samples than in three-dimensional crystals, making it ideal for atomic-scale quantum sensing12, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of single molecules. However, the chemical structures of these defects7–11 remain unknown and detecting a single nuclear spin with a hBN spin defect has been elusive. Here we report the creation of single spin defects in hBN using 13C ion implantation and the identification of three distinct defect types based on hyperfine interactions. We observed both S = 1/2 and S = 1 spin states within a single hBN spin defect. We demonstrated atomic-scale NMR and coherent control of individual nuclear spins in a vdW material, with a π-gate fidelity up to 99.75% at room temperature. By comparing experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose chemical structures for these spin defects. Our work advances the understanding of single spin defects in hBN and provides a pathway to enhance quantum sensing using hBN spin defects with nuclear spins as quantum memories. The detection and coherent control of single 13C nuclear spins in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature enables the use of van der Waals materials in upcoming quantum technologies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Xingyu and Vaidya, Sumukh and Li, Kejun and Ge, Zhun and Dikshit, Saakshi and Zhang, Shimin and Ju, Peng and Shen, Kunhong and Jin, Yuanbin and Ping, Yuan and Li, Tongcang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09258-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {943-949}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Single nuclear spin detection and control in a van der waals material}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Silicate clouds and a circumplanetary disk in the YSES-1 exoplanet system. NATURE, 643(8073), 938-942. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Young exoplanets provide an important link between understanding planet formation and atmospheric evolution1. Direct imaging spectroscopy allows us to infer the properties of young, wide-orbit, giant planets with high signal-to-noise ratio. This allows us to compare this young population with exoplanets characterized by transmission spectroscopy, which has indirectly revealed the presence of clouds2–4, photochemistry5 and a diversity of atmospheric compositions6,7. Direct detections have also been made for brown dwarfs8,9, but direct studies of young giant planets in the mid-infrared were not possible before James Webb Space Telescope10. With two exoplanets around a solar-type star, the YSES-1 system is an ideal laboratory for studying this early phase of exoplanet evolution. Here we report the direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c through its 9–11 µm absorption feature, and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet, YSES-1 b. The clouds of YSES-1 c are composed of either amorphous iron-enriched pyroxene or a combination of amorphous MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4, with particle sizes of ≤0.1 μm at 1 millibar pressure. We attribute the emission from the disk around YSES-1 b to be from submicron olivine dust grains, which may have formed through collisions of planet-forming bodies in the disk. Direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet YSES-1 b are reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hoch, K. K. W. and Rowland, M. and Petrus, S. and Nasedkin, E. and Ingebretsen, C. and Kammerer, J. and Perrin, M. and D’Orazi, V. and Balmer, W. O. and Barman, T. and Bonnefoy, M. and Chauvin, G. and Chen, C. and De Rosa, R. J. and Girard, J. and Gonzales, E. and Kenworthy, M. and Konopacky, Q. M. and Macintosh, B. and Moran, S. E. and Morley, C. V. and Palma-Bifani, P. and Pueyo, L. and Ren, B. and Rickman, E. and Ruffio, J.-B. and Theissen, C. A. and Ward-Duong, K. and Zhang, Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09174-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {938-942}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Silicate clouds and a circumplanetary disk in the YSES-1 exoplanet system}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Integrated biotechnological and AI innovations for crop improvement. NATURE, 643(8073), 925-937. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Crops provide food, clothing and other important products for the global population. To meet the demands of a growing population, substantial improvements are required in crop yield, quality and production sustainability. However, these goals are constrained by various environmental factors and limited genetic resources. Overcoming these limitations requires a paradigm shift in crop improvement by fully leveraging natural genetic diversity alongside biotechnological approaches such as genome editing and the heterologous expression of designed proteins, coupled with multimodal data integration. In this Review, we provide an in-depth analysis of integrated uses of omics technologies, genome editing, protein design and high-throughput phenotyping, in crop improvement, supported by artificial intelligence-enabled tools. We discuss the emerging applications and current challenges of these technologies in crop improvement. Finally, we present a perspective on how elite alleles generated through these technologies can be incorporated into the genomes of existing and de novo domesticated crops, aided by a proposed artificial intelligence model. We suggest that integrating these technologies with agricultural practices will lead to a new revolution in crop improvement, contributing to global food security in a sustainable manner. The integration of omics technologies, genome editing and protein design with artificial intelligence (AI) promises rapid advances in the field of crop improvement that will improve global food security.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Guotian and An, Linna and Yang, Wanneng and Yang, Lei and Wei, Tong and Shi, Jiawei and Wang, Jianglin and Doonan, John H. and Xie, Kabin and Fernie, Alisdair R. and Lagudah, Evans S. and Wing, Rod A. and Gao, Caixia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09122-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {925-937}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Integrated biotechnological and AI innovations for crop improvement}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A natural nuclear reactor. NATURE, 643(8073), 922. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Questions raised by a fission chain reaction that occurred billions of years ago, and making silver compounds lighter with light, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02138-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {922}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A natural nuclear reactor}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solving aviation’s climate-action conundrum. NATURE, 643(8073), 921-923. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A decision-making tool for the aviation sector helps to assess the likelihood of a net positive outcome from climate actions that can have competing effects on warming. A decision-making tool for the aviation sector helps to assess the likelihood of a net positive outcome from climate actions that can have competing effects on warming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Voigt, Christiane}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02129-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {921-923}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solving aviation’s climate-action conundrum}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Boys surpass girls in maths in the first year of school. NATURE, 643(8073), 920-921. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A gender gap in mathematical ability arises shortly after children begin school — irrespective of the type of school they attend and their socio-economic background. A gender gap in mathematical ability arises shortly after children begin school — irrespective of the type of school they attend and their socio-economic background.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {List, John A. and Simon, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01717-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {920-921}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Boys surpass girls in maths in the first year of school}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Place’ neurons recognize the same spot from close by and far away. NATURE, 643(8073), 919-920. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Place cells are neurons that encode spatial locations. Experiments in chickadees reveal that the cells activate even when those locations are viewed from a distance. Place cells are neurons that encode spatial locations. Experiments in chickadees reveal that the cells activate even when those locations are viewed from a distance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mayer, Uwe}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01716-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {919-920}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Place’ neurons recognize the same spot from close by and far away}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solid gold superheated to 14 times its melting temperature. NATURE, 643(8073), 917-918. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lasers have been used to heat solid gold well beyond its melting temperature without losing the metal’s crystalline structure — exceeding a theoretical superheating limit. Lasers have been used to heat solid gold well beyond its melting temperature without losing the metal’s crystalline structure — exceeding a theoretical superheating limit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tamm, Artur}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02128-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {917-918}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solid gold superheated to 14 times its melting temperature}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientific jargon can be ‘satisfying’ — But misleading. NATURE, 643(8073), 916-917. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research shows that jargon can make weak explanations feel complete by masking their gaps. What can experts do to communicate science effectively to laypeople? Research shows that jargon can make weak explanations feel complete by masking their gaps. What can experts do to communicate science effectively to laypeople?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rogers, Todd and Shulman, Hillary}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02251-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {916-917}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientific jargon can be ‘satisfying’ — But misleading}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Migratory moths navigate using the stars. NATURE, 643(8073), 915-916. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Australian migratory moths use the night sky to maintain their course when they travel long distances to shelter in cool caves during the arid summer. Australian migratory moths use the night sky to maintain their course when they travel long distances to shelter in cool caves during the arid summer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lohmann, Kenneth J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01709-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {915-916}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Migratory moths navigate using the stars}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists everywhere must be protected. NATURE, 643(8073), 913. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meghdari, Ali}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02213-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {913}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists everywhere must be protected}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why publishing referee reports could backfire on public trust. NATURE, 643(8073), 913. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Debnath, Ramit and Alvarez, R. Michael and Ebanks, Danny}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02317-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {913}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why publishing referee reports could backfire on public trust}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Encouraging a ‘data sufficiency’ mindset is key for responsible research. NATURE, 643(8073), 913. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heeren, Alexandre}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02318-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {913}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Encouraging a ‘data sufficiency’ mindset is key for responsible research}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brazil must not weaken environmental planning rules. NATURE, 643(8073), 913. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Metzger, Jean Paul and Marques di Giulio, Gabriela and Costa-Lotufo, Letícia Veras and Aparecida Vieira, Simone}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02319-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {913}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brazil must not weaken environmental planning rules}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why evaluating the impact of AI needs to start now. NATURE, 643(8073), 910-912. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial-intelligence technologies are being deployed rapidly across industries, yet most organizations lack even basic guidelines to assess the tools’ effects. Artificial-intelligence technologies are being deployed rapidly across industries, yet most organizations lack even basic guidelines to assess the tools’ effects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hauser, Oliver P. and Light, Miriam and Shelmerdine, Lizzie and Blumenau, Jack}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02266-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {910-912}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why evaluating the impact of AI needs to start now}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s fossil-fuel challenge — How to build a bridge to renewables. NATURE, 643(8073), 907-910. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide relies on coal, oil and gas for its economic growth. But all is not lost if China can lead on cleaning up through carbon capture, utilization and storage. The world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide relies on coal, oil and gas for its economic growth. But all is not lost if China can lead on cleaning up through carbon capture, utilization and storage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Yihe}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02265-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {907-910}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s fossil-fuel challenge — How to build a bridge to renewables}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rise of the planet of the zombie bugs: Books in brief. NATURE, 643(8073), 905. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02145-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {905}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rise of the planet of the zombie bugs: Books in brief}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Controlled chaos’: How to create an environment that fosters genius. NATURE, 643(8073), 903-905. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One free-wheeling 1930s cafe nurtured mathematical ideas including the theory of the nuclear bomb. That holds lessons for how to spur creative thought today. One free-wheeling 1930s cafe nurtured mathematical ideas including the theory of the nuclear bomb. That holds lessons for how to spur creative thought today.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maynard, Patrick}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02264-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {903-905}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Controlled chaos’: How to create an environment that fosters genius}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Should we treat rivers as living things?. NATURE, 643(8073), 901-903. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rivers are born, evolve and die, and can bring life — and death. We might respect them more if we saw them as animated by spirits of their own. Rivers are born, evolve and die, and can bring life — and death. We might respect them more if we saw them as animated by spirits of their own.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02263-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {901-903}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Should we treat rivers as living things?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to avoid nuclear war in an era of AI and misinformation. NATURE, 643(8073), 898-900. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nuclear deterrence is no longer a two-player game, and emerging technologies further threaten the status quo. The result is a risky new nuclear age. Nuclear deterrence is no longer a two-player game, and emerging technologies further threaten the status quo. The result is a risky new nuclear age.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02260-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {898-900}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to avoid nuclear war in an era of AI and misinformation}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). There’s a new acid in our rain — Should we be worried?. NATURE, 643(8073), 894-897. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists and regulators are divided over the threat posed by rising levels of a chemical called TFA. Scientists and regulators are divided over the threat posed by rising levels of a chemical called TFA.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lim, XiaoZhi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02259-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {894-897}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {There’s a new acid in our rain — Should we be worried?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mini hearts, lungs and livers made in lab now grow their own blood vessels. NATURE, 643(8073), 892. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {These sophisticated models will be used for human-development studies and drug testing. These sophisticated models will be used for human-development studies and drug testing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02183-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {892}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mini hearts, lungs and livers made in lab now grow their own blood vessels}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Landmark’ study: Three-person IVF leads to eight healthy children. NATURE, 643(8073), 891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long-awaited results suggest that mitochondrial donation can prevent babies from inheriting diseases caused by mutant mitochondria. Long-awaited results suggest that mitochondrial donation can prevent babies from inheriting diseases caused by mutant mitochondria.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02276-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Landmark’ study: Three-person IVF leads to eight healthy children}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Birth of a solar system caught ‘on camera’ for first time. NATURE, 643(8073), 890. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Astronomers get rare glimpse of earliest stages of planet formation around a baby star. Astronomers get rare glimpse of earliest stages of planet formation around a baby star.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02245-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {890}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Birth of a solar system caught ‘on camera’ for first time}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Another DeepSeek moment’: Chinese AI model kimi k2 stirs excitement. NATURE, 643(8073), 889-890. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The latest version of the chatbot, developed by start-up Moonshot AI, is open for researchers to build on. The latest version of the chatbot, developed by start-up Moonshot AI, is open for researchers to build on.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02275-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {889-890}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Another DeepSeek moment’: Chinese AI model kimi k2 stirs excitement}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Monster black hole merger is biggest ever seen. NATURE, 643(8073), 888-889. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gravitational-wave detector LIGO spots fast-spinning ‘forbidden’ black holes that challenge physics models. Gravitational-wave detector LIGO spots fast-spinning ‘forbidden’ black holes that challenge physics models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Callaghan, Jonathan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02212-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {888-889}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Monster black hole merger is biggest ever seen}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists hide messages in papers to game AI peer review. NATURE, 643(8073), 887-888. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some studies containing instructions in white text or small font — visible only to machines — will be withdrawn from preprint servers. Some studies containing instructions in white text or small font — visible only to machines — will be withdrawn from preprint servers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02172-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {887-888}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists hide messages in papers to game AI peer review}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US senators poised to reject trump’s proposed massive science cuts. NATURE, 643(8073), 885-886. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Committee gives first hint that policymakers might preserve, rather than slash, funding for US National Science Foundation and other agencies. Committee gives first hint that policymakers might preserve, rather than slash, funding for US National Science Foundation and other agencies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02171-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {885-886}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US senators poised to reject trump’s proposed massive science cuts}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Asia’s haze affects ice and weather on the frozen continent. NATURE, 643(8073), 883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pollution emitted by fossil-fuel usage in Asia influences sea-ice coverage in Antarctica. Pollution emitted by fossil-fuel usage in Asia influences sea-ice coverage in Antarctica.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02226-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Asia’s haze affects ice and weather on the frozen continent}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The mysterious missing ingredient in the highest-energy cosmic rays. NATURE, 643(8073), 883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data from a South Pole observatory show that the fraction of protons in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays is lower than expected. Data from a South Pole observatory show that the fraction of protons in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays is lower than expected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02227-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The mysterious missing ingredient in the highest-energy cosmic rays}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the world’s biggest bats got their enormous wingspans. NATURE, 643(8073), 883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genetic analysis helps to reveal why flying foxes can measure almost 2 metres from wingtip to wingtip. Genetic analysis helps to reveal why flying foxes can measure almost 2 metres from wingtip to wingtip.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02228-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the world’s biggest bats got their enormous wingspans}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How sugar overload in early life affects the brain later. NATURE, 643(8073), 883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A study in mice finds that a high-sucrose diet during youth has long-term implications for learning and brain connectivity. A study in mice finds that a high-sucrose diet during youth has long-term implications for learning and brain connectivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02229-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How sugar overload in early life affects the brain later}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fund scholars who tackle urgent issues — From misinformation to error spotting. NATURE, 643(8073), 881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists who are not tied down by fixed research agendas can pivot nimbly to work where they are most needed. It’s time to build career paths with these researchers in mind. Scientists who are not tied down by fixed research agendas can pivot nimbly to work where they are most needed. It’s time to build career paths with these researchers in mind.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smoliga, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02258-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fund scholars who tackle urgent issues — From misinformation to error spotting}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Help save 2 million lives: Close the vaccine funding gap. NATURE, 643(8073), 880. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gavi, the vaccine provider for the world’s poorest people, needs an extra US$3 billion to protect infants and other vulnerable groups. More donors must step up. Gavi, the vaccine provider for the world’s poorest people, needs an extra US$3 billion to protect infants and other vulnerable groups. More donors must step up.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02270-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {880}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Help save 2 million lives: Close the vaccine funding gap}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI and misinformation are supercharging the risk of nuclear war. NATURE, 643(8073), 879. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Emerging dangers are reshaping the landscape of nuclear deterrence and increasing the threat of mutual annihilation. Scientists must speak truth to power. Emerging dangers are reshaping the landscape of nuclear deterrence and increasing the threat of mutual annihilation. Scientists must speak truth to power.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02271-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8073}, pages = {879}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI and misinformation are supercharging the risk of nuclear war}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Addendum: Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss. NATURE, 643(8072), E16. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Varghese, Alan and Gusarov, Ivan and Gamallo-Lana, Begoña and Dolgonos, Daria and Mankan, Yatin and Shamovsky, Ilya and Phan, Mydia and Jones, Rebecca and Gomez-Jenkins, Maria and White, Eileen and Wang, Rui and Jones, Drew R. and Papagiannakopoulos, Thales and Pacold, Michael E. and Mar, Adam C. and Littman, Dan R. and Nudler, Evgeny}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09282-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {E16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Addendum: Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Metabolic adaptations direct cell fate during tissue regeneration. NATURE, 643(8072), E15. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chaves-Perez, Almudena and Millman, Scott E. and Janaki-Raman, Sudha and Ho, Yu-Jui and Hinterleitner, Clemens and Barthet, Valentin J. A. and Morris, John P. and Barriga, Francisco M. and Reyes, Jose and Kyaw, Aye and Pasolli, H. Amalia and Pe’er, Dana and Thompson, Craig B. and Finley, Lydia W. S. and Cross, Justin R. and Lowe, Scott W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09294-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {E15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Metabolic adaptations direct cell fate during tissue regeneration}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Targeting the SHOC2–RAS interaction in RAS-mutant cancers. NATURE, 643(8072), E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hauseman, Zachary J. and Stauffer, Frédéric and Beyer, Kim S. and Mollé, Sandra and Cavicchioli, Elena and Marchand, Jean-Remy and Fodor, Michelle and Viscomi, Jessica and Dhembi, Anxhela and Katz, Stéphanie and Faggion, Beatrice and Lanter, Mylene and Kerr, Grainne and Schildknecht, Daniela and Handl, Cornelia and Maddalo, Danilo and Pissot Soldermann, Carole and Brady, Jacob and Shrestha, Om and Nguyen, Zachary and Leder, Lukas and Cremosnik, Gregor and Lopez Romero, Sandra and Hassiepen, Ulrich and Stams, Travis and Linder, Markus and Galli, Giorgio G. and Guthy, Daniel A. and King, Daniel A. and Maira, Sauveur-Michel and Thoma, Claudio R. and Ehmke, Veronika and Tordella, Luca}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09309-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Targeting the SHOC2–RAS interaction in RAS-mutant cancers}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A motorcycle ride through the forest: How i protect nigeria’s wildlife. NATURE, 643(8072), 872. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Emmanuel Barde Elisha is a research coordinator for a non-profit organization dedicated to managing protected areas for conservation and local development. Emmanuel Barde Elisha is a research coordinator for a non-profit organization dedicated to managing protected areas for conservation and local development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02211-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {872}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A motorcycle ride through the forest: How i protect nigeria’s wildlife}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Need to update your data? follow these five tips. NATURE, 643(8072), 868-869. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers engaged in long-term projects often need to update their data sets over time. Here’s how to do it while maintaining reproducibility. Researchers engaged in long-term projects often need to update their data sets over time. Here’s how to do it while maintaining reproducibility.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wild, Sarah}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02210-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {868-869}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Need to update your data? follow these five tips}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stepwise ATP translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum by human SLC35B1. NATURE, 643(8072), 855-864. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {ATP generated in the mitochondria is exported by an ADP/ATP carrier of the SLC25 family1. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cannot synthesize ATP but must import cytoplasmic ATP to energize protein folding, quality control and trafficking2,3. It was recently proposed that a member of the nucleotide sugar transporter family, termed SLC35B1 (also known as AXER), is not a nucleotide sugar transporter but a long-sought-after ER importer of ATP4. Here we report that human SLC35B1 does not bind nucleotide sugars but indeed executes strict ATP/ADP exchange with uptake kinetics consistent with the import of ATP into crude ER microsomes. A CRISPR–Cas9 cell-line knockout demonstrated that SLC35B1 clusters with the most essential SLC transporters for cell growth, consistent with its proposed physiological function. We have further determined seven cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human SLC35B1 in complex with an Fv fragment and either bound to an ATP analogue or ADP in all major conformations of the transport cycle. We observed that nucleotides were vertically repositioned up to approximately 6.5 Å during translocation while retaining key interactions with a flexible substrate-binding site. We conclude that SLC35B1 operates by a stepwise ATP translocation mechanism, which is a previously undescribed model for substrate translocation by an SLC transporter. SLC35B1, initially thought to be a nucleotide sugar transporter, is an essential ATP/ADP exchanger that imports ATP into the endoplasmic reticulum through a unique stepwise translocation mechanism.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gulati, Ashutosh and Ahn, Do-Hwan and Suades, Albert and Hult, Yurie and Wolf, Gernot and Iwata, So and Superti-Furga, Giulio and Nomura, Norimichi and Drew, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09069-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {855-864}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stepwise ATP translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum by human SLC35B1}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions of non-homologous end joining. NATURE, 643(8072), 847-854. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main repair pathway of double-strand DNA breaks in higher eukaryotes1,2. Here we report reconstitution of the final steps of NHEJ and structures of DNA polymerase μ and ligase IV (LIG4) engaged in gap filling and end joining. These reactions take place in a flexible ω-shaped framework composed of XRCC4 and XLF. Two broken DNA ends, each encircled by Ku70–Ku80 internally, are docked onto the ω frame, mediated by LIG4. DNA polymerase and ligase attached to each ω arm repair only one broken strand of a defined polarity; the final steps of NHEJ requires coordination and toggling of a pair of such enzymes. The facilitators XLF and PAXX additively stimulate NHEJ reactions. As DNA-end sensor and protector, LIG4 replaces DNA-PKcs for end joining and bridges the two DNA ends for polymerase to fill remaining gaps. These assemblies present new targets for NHEJ inhibition to enhance efficacy of radiotherapy and accuracy of gene editing. Structures associated with the final steps of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and gap filling present new targets for NHEJ inhibition to enhance efficacy of radiotherapy and accuracy of gene editing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Lan and Li, Jun and Cisneros-Aguirre, Metztli and Merkell, Arianna and Stark, Jeremy M. and Gellert, Martin and Yang, Wei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09078-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {847-854}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions of non-homologous end joining}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In vivo mapping of mutagenesis sensitivity of human enhancers. NATURE, 643(8072), 839-846. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Distant-acting enhancers are central to human development1. However, our limited understanding of their functional sequence features prevents the interpretation of enhancer mutations in disease2. Here we determined the functional sensitivity to mutagenesis of human developmental enhancers in vivo. Focusing on seven enhancers that are active in the developing brain, heart, limb and face, we created over 1,700 transgenic mice for over 260 mutagenized enhancer alleles. Systematic mutation of 12-base-pair blocks collectively altered each sequence feature in each enhancer at least once. We show that 69% of all blocks are required for normal in vivo activity, with mutations more commonly resulting in loss (60%) than in gain (9%) of function. Using predictive modelling, we annotated critical nucleotides at the base-pair resolution. The vast majority of motifs predicted by these machine learning models (88%) coincided with changes in in vivo function, and the models showed considerable sensitivity, identifying 59% of all functional blocks. Taken together, our results reveal that human enhancers contain a high density of sequence features that are required for their normal in vivo function and provide a rich resource for further exploration of human enhancer logic. Human enhancers contain a high density of sequence features that are required for their normal in vivo function.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kosicki, Michael and Zhang, Boyang and Hecht, Vivian and Pampari, Anusri and Cook, Laura E. and Slaven, Neil and Akiyama, Jennifer A. and Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid and Novak, Catherine S. and Kato, Momoe and Tran, Stella and Hunter, Riana D. and von Maydell, Kianna and Barton, Sarah and Beckman, Erik and Zhu, Yiwen and Dickel, Diane E. and Kundaje, Anshul and Visel, Axel and Pennacchio, Len A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09182-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {839-846}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In vivo mapping of mutagenesis sensitivity of human enhancers}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Range extender mediates long-distance enhancer activity. NATURE, 643(8072), 830-838. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although most mammalian transcriptional enhancers regulate their cognate promoters over distances of tens of kilobases, some enhancers act over distances in the megabase range1. The sequence features that enable such long-distance enhancer–promoter interactions remain unclear. Here we used in vivo enhancer-replacement experiments at the mouse Shh locus to show that short- and medium-range limb enhancers cannot initiate gene expression at long-distance range. We identify a cis-acting element, range extender (REX), that confers long-distance regulatory activity and is located next to a long-range limb enhancer of Sall1. The REX element has no endogenous enhancer activity. However, addition of the REX to other short- and mid-range limb enhancers substantially increases their genomic interaction range. In the most extreme example observed, addition of REX increased the range of an enhancer by an order of magnitude from its native 73 kb to 848 kb. The REX element contains highly conserved [C/T]AATTA homeodomain motifs that are critical for its activity. These motifs are enriched in long-range limb enhancers genome-wide, including the ZRS (zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) regulatory sequence), a benchmark long-range limb enhancer of Shh2. The ZRS enhancer with mutated [C/T]AATTA motifs maintains limb activity at short range, but loses its long-range activity, resulting in severe limb reduction in knock-in mice. In summary, we identify a sequence signature associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions and describe a prototypical REX element that is necessary and sufficient to confer long-distance activation by remote enhancers. The REX element is associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bower, Grace and Hollingsworth, Ethan W. and Jacinto, Sandra H. and Alcantara, Joshua A. and Clock, Benjamin and Cao, Kaitlyn and Liu, Mandy and Dziulko, Adam and Alcaina-Caro, Ana and Xu, Qianlan and Skowronska-Krawczyk, Dorota and Lopez-Rios, Javier and Dickel, Diane E. and Bardet, Anaïs F. and Pennacchio, Len A. and Visel, Axel and Kvon, Evgeny Z.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09221-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {830-838}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Range extender mediates long-distance enhancer activity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solid phase transitions as a solution to the genome folding paradox. NATURE, 643(8072), 820-829. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultra-long-range genomic contacts, which are key components of neuronal genome architecture1–3, constitute a biochemical enigma. This is because regulatory DNA elements make selective and stable contacts with DNA sequences located hundreds of kilobases away, instead of interacting with proximal sequences occupied by the exact same transcription factors1,4. This is exemplified in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), in which only a fraction of LHX2-, EBF1- and LDB1-bound sites interact with each other, converging into highly selective multi-chromosomal enhancer hubs5. To obtain biochemical insight into this process, here we assembled olfactory receptor (OR) enhancer hubs in vitro with recombinant proteins and enhancer DNA. Cell-free reconstitution of enhancer hubs revealed that OR enhancers form nucleoprotein condensates with unusual, solid-like characteristics. Assembly of these solid condensates is orchestrated by specific DNA motifs enriched in OR enhancers, which are likely to confer distinct homotypic properties on their resident LHX2–EBF1–LDB1 complexes. Single-molecule tracking and pulse-chase experiments in vivo confirmed that LHX2 and EBF1 assemble OR-transcription-competent condensates with solid properties in OSN nuclei, under physiological concentrations of protein. Thus, homophilic nucleoprotein interactions that are influenced by DNA sequence generate new types of biomolecular condensate, which might provide a generalizable explanation for the stability and specificity of long-range genomic contacts across cell types. In vitro reconstitution and in vivo live-cell imaging of LHX2–EBF1–LDB1 enhancer hubs in olfactory sensory neurons reveals that these transcription factors form condensates with solid, rather than liquid, phase properties.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pulupa, Joan and McArthur, Natalie G. and Stathi, Olga and Wang, Miao and Zazhytska, Marianna and Pirozzolo, Isabella D. and Nayar, Ahana and Shapiro, Lawrence and Lomvardas, Stavros}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09043-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {820-829}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solid phase transitions as a solution to the genome folding paradox}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Radiation-induced amphiregulin drives tumour metastasis. NATURE, 643(8072), 810-819. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The anti-tumour effect of radiotherapy beyond the treatment field—the abscopal effect—has garnered much interest1. However, the potentially deleterious effect of radiation in promoting metastasis is less well studied. Here we show that radiotherapy induces the expression of the EGFR ligand amphiregulin in tumour cells, which reprogrammes EGFR-expressing myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype and reduces phagocytosis. This stimulates distant metastasis growth in human patients and in pre-clinical mouse tumour models. The inhibition of these tumour-promoting factors induced by radiotherapy may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcomes. Radiotherapy induces expression of the EGFR ligand amphiregulin, which promotes metastasis growth at remote sites in mouse models and human patients by shifting myeloid cells towards an immunosuppressive state.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Piffkó, András and Yang, Kaiting and Panda, Arpit and Heide, Janna and Tesak, Krystyna and Wen, Chuangyu and Zawieracz, Katarzyna and Wang, Liangliang and Naccasha, Emile Z. and Bugno, Jason and Fu, Yanbin and Chen, Dapeng and Donle, Leonhard and Lengyel, Ernst and Tilley, Douglas G. and Mack, Matthias and Rock, Ronald S. and Chmura, Steven J. and Vokes, Everett E. and He, Chuan and Pitroda, Sean P. and Liang, Hua Laura and Weichselbaum, Ralph R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08994-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {810-819}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Radiation-induced amphiregulin drives tumour metastasis}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting GRPR for sex hormone-dependent cancer after loss of E-cadherin. NATURE, 643(8072), 801-809. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sex inequalities in cancer are well documented, but the current limited understanding is hindering advances in precision medicine and therapies1. Consideration of ethnicity, age and sex is essential for the management of cancer patients because they underlie important differences in both incidence and response to treatment2,3. Age-related hormone production, which is a consistent divergence between the sexes, is underestimated in cancers that are not recognized as being hormone dependent4–6. Here, we show that premenopausal women have increased vulnerability to cancers, and we identify the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin as a crucial component in the oestrogen response in various cancers, including melanoma. In a mouse model of melanoma, we discovered an oestrogen-sensitizing pathway connecting E-cadherin, β-catenin, oestrogen receptor-α and GRPR that promotes melanoma aggressiveness in women. Inhibiting this pathway by targeting GRPR or oestrogen receptor-α reduces metastasis in mice, indicating its therapeutic potential. Our study introduces a concept linking hormone sensitivity and tumour phenotype in which hormones affect cell phenotype and aggressiveness. We have identified an integrated pro-tumour pathway in women and propose that targeting a G-protein-coupled receptor with drugs not commonly used for cancer treatment could be more effective in treating E-cadherin-dependent cancers in women. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific factors in cancer management and offers hope of improving outcomes in various cancers. A study finding an oestrogen-sensing signalling pathway that promotes melanoma metastasis only in female mice emphasizes the importance of recognizing sex-specific factors in cancer management.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Raymond, Jérémy H. and Aktary, Zackie and Pouteaux, Marie and Petit, Valérie and Luciani, Flavie and Wehbe, Maria and Gizzi, Patrick and Bourban, Claire and Decaudin, Didier and Nemati, Fariba and Martianov, Igor and Davidson, Irwin and Tomasetto, Catherine-Laure and White, Richard M. and Mahuteau-Betzer, Florence and Vergier, Béatrice and Larue, Lionel and Delmas, Véronique}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09111-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {801-809}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting GRPR for sex hormone-dependent cancer after loss of E-cadherin}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A DNA-gated molecular guard controls bacterial hailong anti-phage defence. NATURE, 643(8072), 794-800. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animal and bacterial cells use nucleotidyltransferase (NTase) enzymes to respond to viral infection and control major forms of immune signalling including cGAS-STING innate immunity and CBASS anti-phage defence1–4. Here we discover a family of bacterial defence systems, which we name Hailong, that use NTase enzymes to constitutively synthesize DNA signals and guard against phage infection. Hailong protein B (HalB) is an NTase that converts deoxy-ATP into single-stranded DNA oligomers. A series of X-ray crystal structures define a stepwise mechanism of HalB DNA synthesis initiated by a C-terminal tyrosine residue that enables de novo enzymatic priming. We show that HalB DNA signals bind to and repress activation of a partnering Hailong protein A (HalA) effector complex. A 2.0-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the HalA–DNA complex reveals a membrane protein with a conserved ion channel domain and a unique crown domain that binds the DNA signal and gates activation. Analysing Hailong defence in vivo, we demonstrate that viral DNA exonucleases required for phage replication trigger release of the primed HalA complex and induce protective host cell growth arrest. Our results explain how inhibitory nucleotide immune signals can serve as molecular guards against phage infection and expand the mechanisms NTase enzymes use to control antiviral immunity. Hailong, an anti-phage defence system, synthesizes an oligodeoxyadenylate signal that blocks effector activity in the absence of phage infection but is degraded by phage-encoded DNA exonucleases, leading to protective growth arrest of infected cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tan, Joel M. J. and Melamed, Sarah and Cofsky, Joshua C. and Syangtan, Deepsing and Hobbs, Samuel J. and del Mármol, Josefina and Jost, Marco and Kruse, Andrew C. and Sorek, Rotem and Kranzusch, Philip J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09058-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {794-800}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A DNA-gated molecular guard controls bacterial hailong anti-phage defence}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In vivo screen of plasmodium targets for mosquito-based malaria control. NATURE, 643(8072), 785-793. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The decline in malaria deaths has recently stalled owing to several factors, including the widespread resistance of Anopheles vectors to the insecticides used in long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs)1,2. One way to mitigate insecticide resistance is to directly kill parasites during their mosquito-stage of development by incorporating antiparasitic compounds into LLINs. This strategy can prevent onward parasite transmission even when insecticides lose efficacy3,4. Here, we performed an in vivo screen of compounds against the mosquito stages of Plasmodium falciparum development. Of the 81 compounds tested, which spanned 28 distinct modes of action, 22 were active against early parasite stages in the mosquito midgut lumen, which in turn prevented establishment of infection. Medicinal chemistry was then used to improve antiparasitic activity of the top hits from the screen. We generated several endochin-like quinolones (ELQs) that inhibited the P. falciparum cytochrome bc1 complex (CytB). Two lead compounds that targeted separate sites in CytB (Qo and Qi) showed potent, long-lasting and stable activity when incorporated and/or extruded into bed net-like polyethylene films. ELQ activity was fully preserved in insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and parasites resistant to these compounds had impaired development at the mosquito stage. These data demonstrate the promise of incorporating ELQ compounds into LLINs to counteract insecticide resistance and to reduce malaria transmission. An in vivo screen of small-molecule compounds to inhibit the mosquito-stage development of Plasmodium identified hits that can be incorporated into bed nets and led to effective parasite killing in the insect host.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Probst, Alexandra S. and Paton, Douglas G. and Appetecchia, Federico and Bopp, Selina and Adams, Kelsey L. and Rinvee, Tasneem A. and Pou, Sovitj and Winter, Rolf and Du, Esrah W. and Yahiya, Sabrina and Vidoudez, Charles and Singh, Naresh and Rodrigues, Janneth and Castañeda-Casado, Pablo and Tammaro, Chiara and Chen, Daisy and Godinez-Macias, Karla P. and Jaramillo, Jasmine L. and Poce, Giovanna and Rubal, Michael J. and Nilsen, Aaron and Winzeler, Elizabeth A. and Baum, Jake and Burrows, Jeremy N. and Riscoe, Michael K. and Wirth, Dyann F. and Catteruccia, Flaminia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09039-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {785-793}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In vivo screen of plasmodium targets for mosquito-based malaria control}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss. NATURE, 643(8072), 776-784. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Around 40% of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide have obesity, with the incidence surging globally1,2. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate, fat and, more recently, amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic3–6. Here we investigated the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice. We show that conditional cysteine restriction resulted in the most substantial weight loss when compared to essential amino acid restriction, amounting to 30% within 1 week, which was readily reversed. We found that cysteine deficiency activated the integrated stress response and oxidative stress response, which amplify each other, leading to the induction of GDF15 and FGF21, partly explaining the phenotype7–9. Notably, we observed lower levels of tissue coenzyme A (CoA), which has been considered to be extremely stable10, resulting in reduced mitochondrial functionality and metabolic rewiring. This results in energetically inefficient anaerobic glycolysis and defective tricarboxylic acid cycle, with sustained urinary excretion of pyruvate, orotate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, nitrogen-rich compounds and amino acids. In summary, our investigation reveals that cysteine restriction, by depleting GSH and CoA, exerts a maximal impact on weight loss, metabolism and stress signalling compared with other amino acid restrictions. These findings suggest strategies for addressing a range of metabolic diseases and the growing obesity crisis. Conditional cysteine restriction in mice causes substantial weight loss, exceeding that seen with essential amino acid restriction, by activating the integrated stress and oxidative stress responses, and by unexpectedly depleting coenzyme A, leading to metabolic inefficiency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Varghese, Alan and Gusarov, Ivan and Gamallo-Lana, Begoña and Dolgonos, Daria and Mankan, Yatin and Shamovsky, Ilya and Phan, Mydia and Jones, Rebecca and Gomez-Jenkins, Maria and White, Eileen and Wang, Rui and Jones, Drew R. and Papagiannakopoulos, Thales and Pacold, Michael E. and Mar, Adam C. and Littman, Dan R. and Nudler, Evgeny}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08996-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {776-784}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A kinase mediator of rhizobial symbiosis and immunity in medicago. NATURE, 643(8072), 768-775. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Legume roots secure nitrogen by forming a symbiosis with soil rhizobia but remain resistant to pathogenic bacteria1–4. How this tolerance to rhizobia is achieved without compromising plant immunity is largely unknown. Here we identify the cytoplasmic kinase MtLICK1/2, which interacts with nodulation factor receptor MtLYK3 to drive symbiotic signalling and suppress plant immunity. Rhizobial infection and nodule development are defective in Mtlick1/2, phenocopying the Mtlyk3-1 mutant. MtLICK1/2 and MtLYK3 undergo reciprocal transphosphorylation during rhizobial symbiosis. Phosphorylated MtLYK3 activates the receptor-like kinase MtDMI2 to stimulate symbiotic signalling. MtLICK1/2 is activated in the rhizobial infection area to suppress plant immunity. Thus, MtLICK1/2 and MtLYK3 together amplify symbiotic signalling and dampen host immunity to enable legume–rhizobium symbiosis. A plant kinase mediates symbiotic signalling and suppress host immunity to enable legume–rhizobium symbiosis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Dapeng and Jin, Rui and Shi, Xiaobao and Guo, Haoran and Tan, Xinhang and Zhao, Achen and Lian, Xinghua and Dai, Huiling and Li, Shaozhuang and Xin, Kexu and Tian, Changfu and Yang, Jun and Chen, Wansheng and Macho, Alberto P. and Wang, Ertao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09057-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {768-775}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A kinase mediator of rhizobial symbiosis and immunity in medicago}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Increased CSF drainage by non-invasive manipulation of cervical lymphatics. NATURE, 643(8072), 755-767. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space around the brain drains to lymph nodes in the neck, but the connections and regulation have been challenging to identify1–24. Here we used fluorescent tracers in Prox1–GFP lymphatic reporter mice to map the pathway of CSF outflow through lymphatics to superficial cervical lymph nodes. CSF entered initial lymphatics in the meninges at the skull base and continued through extracranial periorbital, olfactory, nasopharyngeal and hard palate lymphatics, and then through smooth muscle-covered superficial cervical lymphatics to submandibular lymph nodes. Tracer studies in adult mice revealed that a substantial amount of total CSF outflow to the neck drained to superficial cervical lymph nodes. However, aged mice had fewer lymphatics in the nasal mucosa and hard palate and reduced CSF outflow to cervical lymph nodes. Superficial cervical lymphatics in aged mice had increased endothelial cell expression of Nos3, encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but had less eNOS protein and impaired nitric oxide signalling. Manipulation of superficial cervical lymphatics through intact skin by a force-regulated mechanical device doubled CSF outflow and corrected drainage impairment in aged mice. This manipulation increased CSF outflow by compressing superficial cervical lymphatics while having little effect on their normal spontaneous contractions. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of superficial cervical lymphatics for CSF outflow and the potential for reversing CSF drainage impairment by non-invasive mechanical stimulation. The outflow pathway of cerebrospinal fluid into lymph nodes in the neck and how non-invasive mechanical stimulation can enhance drainage and restore impaired outflow in aged mice are explored.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jin, Hokyung and Yoon, Jin-Hui and Hong, Seon Pyo and Hwang, Yu Seok and Yang, Myung Jin and Choi, Jieun and Kang, Hae Jin and Baek, Seung Eun and Jin, Cheolhwa and Jung, Junho and Kim, Hae Jin and Seo, Jincheol and Won, Jinyoung and Lim, Kyung Seob and Jeon, Chang-Yeop and Lee, Youngjeon and Davis, Michael J. and Park, Hyung-Soon and McDonald, Donald M. and Koh, Gou Young}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09052-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {755-767}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Increased CSF drainage by non-invasive manipulation of cervical lymphatics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin dynamics of the human brain in PTSD. NATURE, 643(8072), 744-754. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a polygenic disorder occurring after extreme trauma exposure. Recent studies have begun to detail the molecular biology of PTSD. However, given the array of PTSD-perturbed molecular pathways identified so far1, it is implausible that a single cell type is responsible. Here we profile the molecular responses in over two million nuclei from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 111 human brains, collected post-mortem from individuals with and without PTSD and major depressive disorder. We identify neuronal and non-neuronal cell-type clusters, gene expression changes and transcriptional regulators, and map the epigenomic regulome of PTSD in a cell-type-specific manner. Our analysis revealed PTSD-associated gene alterations in inhibitory neurons, endothelial cells and microglia and uncovered genes and pathways associated with glucocorticoid signalling, GABAergic transmission and neuroinflammation. We further validated these findings using cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomics, confirming disruption of key genes such as SST and FKBP5. By integrating genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic data, we uncovered the regulatory mechanisms of credible variants that disrupt PTSD genes, including ELFN1, MAD1L1 and KCNIP4, in a cell-type-specific context. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie the persisting effects of traumatic stress response on the human prefrontal cortex. A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hwang, Ahyeon and Skarica, Mario and Xu, Siwei and Coudriet, Jensine and Lee, Che Yu and Lin, Lin and Terwilliger, Rosemarie and Sliby, Alexa-Nicole and Wang, Jiawei and Nguyen, Tuan and Li, Hongyu and Wu, Min and Dai, Yi and Duan, Ziheng and Srinivasan, Shushrruth Sai and Zhang, Xiangyu and Lin, Yingxin and Cruz, Dianne and Deans, P. J. Michael and Huber, Bertrand R. and Levey, Daniel and Glausier, Jill R. and Lewis, David A. and Gelernter, Joel and Holtzheimer, Paul E. and Friedman, Matthew J. and Gerstein, Mark and Sestan, Nenad and Brennand, Kristen J. and Xu, Ke and Zhao, Hongyu and Krystal, John H. and Young, Keith A. and Williamson, Douglas E. and Che, Alicia and Zhang, Jing and Girgenti, Matthew J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09083-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {744-754}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin dynamics of the human brain in PTSD}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Systems consolidation reorganizes hippocampal engram circuitry. NATURE, 643(8072), 735-743. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Episodic memories—high-fidelity memories for events that depend initially on the hippocampus—do not maintain their precision in perpetuity. One benefit of this time-dependent loss of precision is the emergence of event-linked gist memories that may be used to guide future behaviour in new but related situations (that is, generalization)1–3. Models of systems consolidation propose that memory reorganization accompanies this loss of memory precision1,4; however, the locus of this reorganization is unclear. Here we report that time-dependent reorganization of hippocampal engram circuitry is sufficient to explain shifts in memory precision associated with systems consolidation. Using engram labelling tools in mice, we demonstrate that the passage of time rewires hippocampal engram circuits, enabling hippocampal engram neurons to be promiscuously active and guide behaviour in related situations that do not match the original training conditions. Reorganization depends on hippocampal neurogenesis; eliminating hippocampal neurogenesis prevents reorganization and maintains precise, event memories. Conversely, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis accelerates memory reorganization and the emergence of event-linked gist memories in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that systems consolidation models require updating to account for within-hippocampus reorganization that leads to qualitative shifts in memory precision. A study shows that loss of memory precision associated with systems consolidation can be explained by neurogenesis-dependent reorganization of engram circuitry within the hippocampus over time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ko, Sangyoon Y. and Rong, Yiming and Ramsaran, Adam I. and Chen, Xiaoyu and Rashid, Asim J. and Mocle, Andrew J. and Dhaliwal, Jagroop and Awasthi, Ankit and Guskjolen, Axel and Josselyn, Sheena A. and Frankland, Paul W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08993-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {735-743}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Systems consolidation reorganizes hippocampal engram circuitry}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Motor learning refines thalamic influence on motor cortex. NATURE, 643(8072), 725-734. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The primary motor cortex (M1) is central for the learning and execution of dexterous motor skills1–3, and its superficial layer (layers 2 and 3; hereafter, L2/3) is a key locus of learning-related plasticity1,4–6. It remains unknown how motor learning shapes the way in which upstream regions activate M1 circuits to execute learned movements. Here, using longitudinal axonal imaging of the main inputs to M1 L2/3 in mice, we show that the motor thalamus is the key input source that encodes learned movements in experts (animals trained for two weeks). We then use optogenetics to identify the subset of M1 L2/3 neurons that are strongly driven by thalamic inputs before and after learning. We find that the thalamic influence on M1 changes with learning, such that the motor thalamus preferentially activates the M1 neurons that encode learned movements in experts. Inactivation of the thalamic inputs to M1 in experts impairs learned movements. Our study shows that motor learning reshapes the thalamic influence on M1 to enable the reliable execution of learned movements. Imaging and optogenetics in mice provide insight into the interplay between the primary motor cortex and the motor thalamus during learning, showing that thalamic inputs have a key role in the execution of learned movements.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramot, Assaf and Taschbach, Felix H. and Yang, Yun C. and Hu, Yuxin and Chen, Qiyu and Morales, Bobbie C. and Wang, Xinyi C. and Wu, An and Tye, Kay M. and Benna, Marcus K. and Komiyama, Takaki}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08962-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {725-734}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Motor learning refines thalamic influence on motor cortex}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Phylogenetically informative proteins from an early miocene rhinocerotid. NATURE, 643(8072), 719-724. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the past decade, ancient protein sequences have emerged as a valuable source of data for deep-time phylogenetic inference1–4. Still, even though ancient proteins have been reported from the Middle–Late Miocene5,6, the recovery of protein sequences providing subordinal-level phylogenetic insights does not exceed 3.7 million years ago (Pliocene)1. Here, we push this boundary back to 21–24 million years ago (Early Miocene) by retrieving enamel protein sequences of a rhinocerotid (Epiaceratherium sp.; CMNFV59632) from Canada’s High Arctic. We recover partial sequences of seven enamel proteins and more than 1,000 peptide–spectrum matches, spanning at least 251 amino acids. Endogeneity is in line with thermal age estimates and is supported by indicators of protein damage, including several spontaneous and irreversible chemical modifications accumulated during prolonged diagenesis. Bayesian tip-dating places the divergence time of CMNFV59632 in the Middle Eocene–Oligocene, coinciding with a phase of high rhinocerotid diversification7. This analysis identifies a later Oligocene divergence for Elasmotheriinae, weakening alternative models suggesting a deep basal split between Elasmotheriinae and Rhinocerotinae8,9. The findings are consistent with hypotheses on the origin of the enigmatic fauna of the Haughton Crater, which, in spite of considerable endemism, has similarity to distant Eurasian faunas10,11. Our findings demonstrate the potential of palaeoproteomics in obtaining phylogenetic information from a specimen that is approximately ten times older than any sample from which endogenous DNA has been obtained so far. Protein sequences from fossil tooth enamel of a rhinocerotid from Canada’s High Arctic are used to develop phylogenetic frameworks from a specimen too old to preserve ancient DNA.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Paterson, Ryan S. and Mackie, Meaghan and Capobianco, Alessio and Heckeberg, Nicola S. and Fraser, Danielle and Demarchi, Beatrice and Munir, Fazeelah and Patramanis, Ioannis and Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín and Liu, Shanlin and Ramsøe, Abigail D. and Dickinson, Marc R. and Baldreki, Chloë and Gilbert, Marisa and Sardella, Raffaele and Bellucci, Luca and Scorrano, Gabriele and Leonardi, Michela and Manica, Andrea and Racimo, Fernando and Willerslev, Eske and Penkman, Kirsty E. H. and Olsen, Jesper V. and MacPhee, Ross D. E. and Rybczynski, Natalia and Höhna, Sebastian and Cappellini, Enrico}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09231-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {719-724}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Phylogenetically informative proteins from an early miocene rhinocerotid}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Eighteen million years of diverse enamel proteomes from the east african rift. NATURE, 643(8072), 712-718. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research into the palaeobiology of extinct taxa through ancient DNA and proteomics has been mostly limited to Plio-Pleistocene fossils1–9, due to molecular breakdown over time, which is exacerbated in tropical settings1–3. Here we sample small proteomes from the interior enamel of fossils at palaeontological sites from the Pleistocene to the Oligocene in the Turkana Basin, Kenya, which has produced a rich record of Cenozoic mammalian evolution10. Through a mass-spectrometry-based proteomic workflow, and using criteria to locate diagenetiforms derived from enamel, we recover fragments of enamelin, ameloblastin, matrix metalloprotease-20 and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 from an Early Miocene rhinocerotid and several proboscideans collected from the sites of Buluk (16 million years ago; Ma) and Loperot (18 Ma). Diagenetiform counts decline in progressively older fossils, and we observe variability in Early Miocene preservation across sites. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the contribution of these sequences to the systematic placement of extinct taxa, although we caution that this approach must account for sparse fragments, uncertainty in fragment identification and possible sequence diagenesis. We identify likely modifications that support the ancient age of these proteins, and some of the oldest examples of advanced glycation end-products yet known. The discovery of protein sequences within dense enamel tissues in one of the persistently warmest regions on Earth promises the discovery of much older proteomes that will aid in the study of the palaeobiology and evolutionary relationships of extinct taxa. The isolation of dental proteins from fossils deposited 1.5 million to 18 million years ago in the Turkana Basin in Kenya, a tropical region, demonstrate the promise of dental enamel for palaeoproteomic and evolutionary studies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Green, Daniel R. and Uno, Kevin T. and Miller, Ellen R. and Feibel, Craig S. and Aoron, Eipa Emmanuel and Beck, Catherine C. and Grossman, Aryeh and Kirera, Francis M. and Kirinya, Martin M. and Leakey, Louise N. and Liutkus-Pierce, Cynthia and Manthi, Fredrick K. and Ndiema, Emmanuel K. and Nengo, Isaiah O. and Nyete, Cyprian and Rowan, John and Russo, Gabrielle A. and Sanders, William J. and Smiley, Tara M. and Princehouse, Patricia and Vitek, Natasha S. and Cleland, Timothy P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09040-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {712-718}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Eighteen million years of diverse enamel proteomes from the east african rift}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global terrestrial nitrogen fixation and its modification by agriculture. NATURE, 643(8072), 705-711. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of new nitrogen (N) that supports terrestrial productivity1,2, yet estimates of global terrestrial BNF remain highly uncertain3,4. Here we show that this uncertainty is partly because of sampling bias, as field BNF measurements in natural terrestrial ecosystems occur where N fixers are 17 times more prevalent than their mean abundances worldwide. To correct this bias, we develop new estimates of global terrestrial BNF by upscaling field BNF measurements using spatially explicit abundances of all major biogeochemical N-fixing niches. We find that natural biomes sustain lower BNF, 65 (52–77) Tg N yr−1, than previous empirical bottom-up estimates3,4, with most BNF occurring in tropical forests and drylands. We also find high agricultural BNF in croplands and cultivated pastures, 56 (54–58) Tg N yr−1. Agricultural BNF has increased terrestrial BNF by 64% and total terrestrial N inputs from all sources by 60% over pre-industrial levels. Our results indicate that BNF may impose stronger constraints on the carbon sink in natural terrestrial biomes and represent a larger source of agricultural N than is generally considered in analyses of the global N cycle5,6, with implications for proposed safe operating limits for N use7,8. Biological nitrogen fixation may impose stronger constraints on the carbon sink in natural terrestrial biomes and represent a larger source of agricultural nitrogen than is generally considered in analyses of the global nitrogen cycle.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reis Ely, Carla R. and Perakis, Steven S. and Cleveland, Cory C. and Menge, Duncan N. L. and Reed, Sasha C. and Taylor, Benton N. and Batterman, Sarah A. and Clark, Christopher M. and Crews, Timothy E. and Dynarski, Katherine A. and Gei, Maga and Gundale, Michael J. and Herridge, David F. and Jovan, Sarah E. and Kou-Giesbrecht, Sian and Peoples, Mark B. and Piipponen, Johannes and Rodríguez-Caballero, Emilio and Salmon, Verity G. and Soper, Fiona M. and Staccone, Anika P. and Weber, Bettina and Williams, Christopher A. and Wurzburger, Nina}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09201-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {705-711}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global terrestrial nitrogen fixation and its modification by agriculture}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electricity-driven enzymatic dynamic kinetic oxidation. NATURE, 643(8072), 699-704. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electrochemistry is undergoing a resurgence in synthetic chemistry and has compelling advantages1. Repurposing natural enzymes through synthetic chemical strategies holds promise for exploring new chemical space2–6. Elegant strategies, including directed evolution7–10, artificial enzymes11 and photoenzymatic catalysis12,13, have demonstrated their capacities for expanding the applications of enzymes in both academia and industry. However, the integration of electrochemistry with enzymes has primarily been limited to replicating previously established enzyme functions14–16. Key challenges in achieving new enzyme reactivity with electricity include compatibility issues and difficulties in heterogeneous electron transfer. Here we report the reshaping of thiamine-dependent enzymes with ferrocene-mediated electrocatalysis to unlock an unnatural dynamic kinetic oxidation of α-branched aldehydes. This robust electroenzymatic approach yields various bioactive (S)-profens with up to 99% enantiomeric excess; it is applicable with whole cells overexpressing the enzyme and using down to 0.05 mol% enzyme loadings. Mechanistic investigations show multiple functions of the electroenzyme in precise substrate discrimination, accelerating racemization and facilitating kinetically matched electron transfer events. Reshaping of thiamine-dependent enzymes with ferrocene-mediated electrocatalysis can unlock an unnatural dynamic kinetic oxidation of α-branched aldehydes, providing new opportunities for making molecules.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Beibei and Xu, Yuanyuan and Zhu, Qin and Liu, Aokun and Peng, Xichao and Zhang, Tianying and Yu, Lu and Zhang, Yan and Huang, Xiaoqiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09178-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {699-704}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electricity-driven enzymatic dynamic kinetic oxidation}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pt migration–lockup in zeolite for stable propane dehydrogenation catalyst. NATURE, 643(8072), 691-698. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The shale gas revolution has shifted propylene production from naphtha cracking to on-purpose production with propane dehydrogenation (PDH) as the dominant technology1–9. Because PDH is endothermic and requires high temperatures that favour sintering and coking, the challenge is to develop active and stable catalysts1–3 that are sufficiently stable10,11. Zeolite-supported Pt–Sn catalysts have been developed to balance activity, selectivity and stability12,13 and more recent work documented a PDH catalyst based on zeolite-anchored single rhodium atoms with exceptional performance and stability14. Here we show for silicalite-1 (S-1) that migration of encapsulated Pt–Sn2 clusters and hence agglomeration and anchoring within the zeolite versus agglomeration on the external surface can be controlled by adjusting the length of the S-1 crystals’ b-axis. We find that, when this axis is longer than 2.00 μm, migration of Pt–Sn2 monomers during PDH results in intracrystalline formation of (Pt–Sn2)2 dimers that are securely locked in the channels of S-1 and capable of converting pure propane feed to propylene at 550 °C for more than 6 months with 98.3% selectivity at 91% equilibrium conversion. This performance exceeds that of other Pt-based PDH catalysts and approaches that of the Rh-based catalyst. Although synthesis requirements and cost are at present prohibitive for industrial use, we anticipate that our approach to controlling the migration and lockup of metals in zeolites may enable the development of other noble-metal catalysts that offer extended service lifetimes in industrial applications15–17. Tuning the b-axis length of silicalite-1 crystals allows control over the migration–agglomeration–lockup of active metal species in zeolites, which enables the creation of stable and durable catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in industrial applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Zhikang and Gao, Mingbin and Wei, Yao and Yue, Yuanyuan and Bai, Zhengshuai and Yuan, Pei and Fornasiero, Paolo and Basset, Jean-Marie and Mei, Bingbao and Liu, Zhongmin and Zhu, Haibo and Ye, Mao and Bao, Xiaojun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09168-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {691-698}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pt migration–lockup in zeolite for stable propane dehydrogenation catalyst}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cation-exchange approach to tunable magnetic intercalation superlattices. NATURE, 643(8072), 683-690. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tailoring magnetic ordering in solid-state materials is essential for emerging spintronics1,2. However, substitutional lattice doping in magnetic semiconductors is often constrained by the low solubility of magnetic elements3–5, limiting the maximum achievable doping concentration (for example, less than 5%) and ferromagnetic ordering temperature6. The intercalation of magnetic elements in layered two-dimensional atomic crystals (2DACs) without breaking in-plane covalent bonds offers an alternative approach to incorporate a much higher concentration of magnetic atoms (for example, up to 50%) beyond the typical solubility limit. However, commonly used chemical and electrochemical intercalation methods are largely confined to a few isolated examples so far. Here we report a general two-step intercalation and cation-exchange strategy to produce a library of highly ordered magnetic intercalation superlattices (MISLs) with tunable magnetic ordering. Monovalent transition-metal cations Cu+ and Ag+, divalent magnetic cations Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+, and trivalent rare-earth cations Eu3+ and Gd3+ have been successfully incorporated into group-VIB 2DACs, including MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2, and group-IVB, -VB, -IIIA, -IVA and -VA 2DACs, including TiS2, NbS2, NbSe2, TaS2, In2Se3, SnSe2, Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3. We show that these MISLs can be prepared with tunable concentrations of magnetic intercalants, enabling tailored magnetic ordering across a diverse array of functional 2DACs, including semiconductors, topological insulators, and superconductors. This work establishes a versatile material platform for both fundamental investigations and spintronics applications. A general two-step intercalation and cation-exchange strategy is used to produce a library of highly ordered magnetic intercalation superlattices with tunable chemical modulations and magnetic ordering.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Jingxuan and Zhou, Jingyuan and Wan, Zhong and Qian, Qi and Ren, Huaying and Yan, Xingxu and Zhou, Boxuan and Zhang, Ao and Pan, Xiaoqing and Fang, Wuzhang and Ping, Yuan and Sofer, Zdenek and Huang, Yu and Duan, Xiangfeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09147-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {683-690}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cation-exchange approach to tunable magnetic intercalation superlattices}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Broadband transient full-stokes luminescence spectroscopy. NATURE, 643(8072), 675-682. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Materials emitting circularly polarized light (CPL) are highly sought after for applications ranging from efficient displays to quantum information technologies1–7. However, established methods for time-resolved CPL (TRCPL) characterization have notable limitations8–17, generally requiring a compromise between sensitivity, accessible timescales and spectral information. This has limited the acquisition of in-depth photophysical insight necessary for materials development. Here we demonstrate a high-sensitivity (noise level of the order of 10−4), broadband (about 400–900 nm), transient (nanosecond resolution, millisecond range) full-Stokes (CPL and linear polarizations) spectroscopy setup. The achieved combination of high-sensitivity, broad wavelength response and flexible time ranges represents a substantial advancement over previous TRCPL approaches. As a result, TRCPL measurements are shown to be applicable to hitherto inaccessible material systems and photophysical processes, including systems with low (10−3) dissymmetry factors and luminescence pathways spanning nanosecond to millisecond time ranges. Finally, full-Stokes measurements allow tracking the temporal evolution of linear polarization components, of interest by themselves, but especially relevant in the context of controlling for associated CPL artefacts18,19 in the time domain. A high-sensitivity, broadband, transient, full-Stokes spectroscopy setup is demonstrated, which can detect quickly varying small signals from chiral emitters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reponen, Antti-Pekka M. and Mattes, Marcel and VanOrman, Zachary A. and Estaque, Lilian and Pieters, Grégory and Feldmann, Sascha}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09197-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {675-682}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Broadband transient full-stokes luminescence spectroscopy}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Optical nonlinearities in excess of 500 through sublattice reconstruction. NATURE, 643(8072), 669-674. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability of materials to respond to stimuli with significant optical nonlinearity is crucial for technological advancement and innovation1–3. Although photon-avalanche upconversion nanomaterials with nonlinearities exceeding 60 have been developed, further enhancement remains challenging4–6. Here we present a method to increase photon-avalanche nonlinearity beyond 500 by reconstructing the sublattice and extending the avalanche network. We demonstrate that lutetium substitution in the host material induces significant local crystal field distortions. These distortions strengthen cross-relaxation, the key process governing population accumulation. As a result, the optical nonlinearity is significantly amplified, enabling sub-diffraction imaging through single-beam scanning microscopy, achieving lateral and axial resolutions of 33 nm (about 1/32 of λExc) and 80 nm (around 1/13 of λExc), respectively (where λExc is the excitation wavelength). Moreover, our research shows regional differentiation within photon-avalanche nanocrystals, in which photon-avalanche performance varies across different regions at the single-nanoparticle level. This effect, coupled with extreme optical nonlinearity, enables visualization of nanoemitters at resolutions beyond their physical size using simple instrumentation. These advancements open new possibilities for super-resolution imaging, ultra-sensitive sensing, on-chip optical switching and infrared quantum counting. A strategy for engineering photon-avalanche nanoparticles is proposed such that they exhibit an unprecedentedly strong nonlinear optical response and their emissions scale by more than 500th power of the pump intensity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Jiaye and Liu, Chang and Xi, Shibo and Tan, Shengdong and He, Qian and Liang, Liangliang and Liu, Xiaogang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09164-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {669-674}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Optical nonlinearities in excess of 500 through sublattice reconstruction}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Super-resolution stimulated X-ray raman spectroscopy. NATURE, 643(8072), 662-668. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Propagation of intense X-ray pulses through dense media has led to the observation of phenomena such as atomic X-ray lasing1,2, self-induced transparency3 and stimulated X-ray Raman scattering (SXRS)4. SXRS has been long predicted as a means to launch and probe valence-electron wavepackets and as a building block for nonlinear X-ray spectroscopies5,6. However, experimental observations of SXRS to date4,7,8 have not provided spectroscopic information, and theoretical modelling has largely implemented hard-to-realize phase-coherent attosecond pulses. Here we demonstrate SXRS with spectroscopic precision, that is, detection of valence-excited states in neon with a near Fourier-limited joint energy–time resolution of 0.1 eV–40 fs. We used a new covariance analysis between statistically spiky broadband incident X-ray and scattered X-ray Raman pulses. Using 18,000 single shots, we beat not only the incident (about 8 eV) bandwidth but also the  approximately 0.2 eV instrumental energy resolution, thus creating super-resolution conditions, in analogy to super-resolved fluorescence microscopy9. Our experimental results, supported by ab initio propagation simulations, reveal the competition between lasing in the ion and stimulated Raman scattering in the neutral. We demonstrate enhanced signal collection efficiency and a broad excitation window, surpassing spontaneous Raman efficiencies by orders of magnitude. This stochastic SXRS approach represents a first step towards tracking elementary events that determine chemical outcomes10. A high-resolution spectroscopic tool is demonstrated using the stochastically fluctuating intensity spikes in time and energy domains of a self-amplified spontaneous emission X-ray free-electron laser.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Kai and Ott, Christian and Agåker, Marcus and Ho, Phay J. and Doumy, Gilles and Magunia, Alexander and Rebholz, Marc and Simon, Marc and Mazza, Tommaso and De Fanis, Alberto and Baumann, Thomas M. and Montano, Jacobo and Rennhack, Nils and Usenko, Sergey and Ovcharenko, Yevheniy and Chordiya, Kalyani and Cheng, Lan and Rubensson, Jan-Erik and Meyer, Michael and Pfeifer, Thomas and Gaarde, Mette B. and Young, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09214-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {662-668}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Super-resolution stimulated X-ray raman spectroscopy}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Signatures of chiral superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. NATURE, 643(8072), 654-661. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chiral superconductors are unconventional superconducting states that break time-reversal symmetry spontaneously and typically feature Cooper pairing at non-zero angular momentum. Such states may host Majorana fermions and provide an important platform for topological physics research and fault-tolerant quantum computing1–7. Despite intensive search and prolonged studies of several candidate systems8–26, chiral superconductivity has remained elusive so far. Here we report the discovery of robust unconventional superconductivity in rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene without moiré superlattice effects. We observed two superconducting states in the gate-induced flat conduction bands with Tc up to 300 mK and charge density ne down to 2.4 × 1011 cm−2 in five devices. Spontaneous time-reversal-symmetry breaking (TRSB) owing to orbital motion of the electron is found and several observations indicate the chiral nature of these superconducting states, including: (1) in the superconducting state, Rxx shows magnetic hysteresis in varying out-of-plane magnetic field B⊥—absent from all other superconductors; (2) the superconducting states are robust against in-plane magnetic field and are developed within a spin-polarized and valley-polarized quarter-metal (QM) phase; (3) the normal states show anomalous Hall signals at zero magnetic field and magnetic hysteresis. We also observed a critical B⊥ of 1.4 T, higher than any graphene superconductivity, which indicates a strong-coupling superconductivity close to the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)–Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) crossover27. Our observations establish a pure carbon material for the study of topological superconductivity, with the promise to explore Majorana modes and topological quantum computing. Observations indicating the chiral nature of superconducting states in five rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene devices without moiré superlattice effects are reported, establishing a pure carbon material for the study of topological superconductivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Han, Tonghang and Lu, Zhengguang and Hadjri, Zach and Shi, Lihan and Wu, Zhenghan and Xu, Wei and Yao, Yuxuan and Cotten, Armel A. and Sharifi Sedeh, Omid and Weldeyesus, Henok and Yang, Jixiang and Seo, Junseok and Ye, Shenyong and Zhou, Muyang and Liu, Haoyang and Shi, Gang and Hua, Zhenqi and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Xiong, Peng and Zumbühl, Dominik M. and Fu, Liang and Ju, Long}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09169-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {654-661}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Signatures of chiral superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded protoplanetary disk. NATURE, 643(8072), 649-653. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Terrestrial planets and small bodies in our Solar System are theorized to have assembled from interstellar solids mixed with rocky solids that precipitated from a hot, cooling gas1,2. The first high-temperature minerals to recondense from this gaseous reservoir start the clock on planet formation3,4. However, the production mechanism of this initial hot gas and its importance to planet formation in other systems are unclear. Here we report the astronomical detection of this t = 0 moment, capturing the building blocks of a new planetary system beginning its assembly. The young protostar HOPS-315 is observed at infrared and millimetre wavelengths with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), revealing a reservoir of warm silicon monoxide gas and crystalline silicate minerals low in the atmosphere of a disk within 2.2 au of the star, physically isolated from the millimetre SiO jet. Comparison with condensation models with rapid grain growth and disk structure models suggests the formation of refractory solids analogous to those in our Solar System. Our results indicate that the environment in the inner disk region is influenced by sublimation of interstellar solids and subsequent refractory solid recondensation from this gas reservoir on timescales comparable with refractory condensation in our own Solar System. Observations at infrared and millimetre wavelengths of the young protostar HOPS-315 show a gaseous disk captured at the point at which solids are first starting to condense, the t = 0 for planet formation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McClure, M. K. and van’t Hoff, Merel and Francis, Logan and Bergin, Edwin and Rocha, Will R. M. and Sturm, J. A. and Harsono, Daniel and van Dishoeck, Ewine F. and Black, John H. and Noble, J. A. and Qasim, D. and Dartois, E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09163-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {649-653}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded protoplanetary disk}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Close-in planet induces flares on its host star. NATURE, 643(8072), 645-648. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the past decade, hundreds of exoplanets have been discovered in extremely short orbits below 10 days. Unlike in the Solar System, planets in these systems orbit their host stars close enough to disturb the stellar magnetic field lines1. The interaction can enhance the magnetic activity of the star, such as its chromospheric2 and radio3 emission or flaring4. So far, the search for magnetic star–planet interactions has remained inconclusive. Here we report the detection of planet-induced flares on HIP 67522, a 17 million-year-old G dwarf star with two known close-in planets5,6. Combining space-borne photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and dedicated Characterising Exoplanets Telescope observations over 5 years, we find that the 15 flares in HIP 67522 cluster near the transit phase of the innermost planet, indicating persistent magnetic star–planet interaction in the system. The stability of interaction implies that the innermost planet is continuously self-inflicting a six times higher flare rate than it would experience without interaction. The subsequent flux of energetic radiation and particles bombarding HIP 67522 b may explain the remarkably extended atmosphere of the planet, recently detected with the James Webb Space Telescope7. HIP 67522 is, therefore, an archetype to understand the impact of magnetic star–planet interaction on the atmospheres of nascent exoplanets. Planet-induced flares on HIP 67522, a 17 million-year-old G dwarf star with two known close-in planets, were detected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ilin, Ekaterina and Vedantham, Harish K. and Poppenhäger, Katja and Bloot, Sanne and Callingham, Joseph R. and Brandeker, Alexis and Chakraborty, Hritam}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09236-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {645-648}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Close-in planet induces flares on its host star}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sex differences in skin-cancer risk are linked to oestrogen levels. NATURE, 643(8072), 643-644. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Premenopausal women are more likely than men to develop certain cancers. Pathways activated by the sex hormone responsible could be targeted in cancer therapies. Premenopausal women are more likely than men to develop certain cancers. Pathways activated by the sex hormone responsible could be targeted in cancer therapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meierjohann, Svenja}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01708-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {643-644}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sex differences in skin-cancer risk are linked to oestrogen levels}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The origin of the oldest solid objects in the solar system. NATURE, 643(8072), 642-643. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Observations of a young star offer a glimpse of the high-temperature conditions that shaped rock formation in the early Solar System. Observations of a young star offer a glimpse of the high-temperature conditions that shaped rock formation in the early Solar System.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ciesla, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02058-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {642-643}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The origin of the oldest solid objects in the solar system}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A canine friend to a feline family. NATURE, 643(8072), 641. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pondering the difficulties faced by metaphysicians, and a dog strikes up an unlikely friendship with a cat and her kittens, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02062-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {641}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A canine friend to a feline family}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Super-resolution spectroscopy with ‘spiky’ X-ray lasers. NATURE, 643(8072), 640-642. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Random fluctuations in the intensity and energy of X-ray lasers, which generally limit performance, have been harnessed for high-resolution spectroscopy. Random fluctuations in the intensity and energy of X-ray lasers, which generally limit performance, have been harnessed for high-resolution spectroscopy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fushitani, Mizuho}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02057-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {640-642}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Super-resolution spectroscopy with ‘spiky’ X-ray lasers}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Investigating the molecular ‘scars’ of PTSD in the human brain. NATURE, 643(8072), 639-640. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trauma leaves traces in the brain. A study of alterations in gene regulation in the brains of people with post-traumatic stress disorder offers insights into its biology. Trauma leaves traces in the brain. A study of alterations in gene regulation in the brains of people with post-traumatic stress disorder offers insights into its biology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marroquin Rivera, Arturo and Labonté, Benoit}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01707-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {639-640}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Investigating the molecular ‘scars’ of PTSD in the human brain}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Invest in data resources to make FAIR a reality. NATURE, 643(8072), 638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dessimoz, Christophe and Arnold, Frances H. and Roberts, Richard J. and Hubbard, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02216-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Invest in data resources to make FAIR a reality}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Critical commentaries such as ‘Matters arising’ have flawed formats. NATURE, 643(8072), 638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Karhulahti, Veli-Matti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02217-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Critical commentaries such as ‘Matters arising’ have flawed formats}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Map endemic species before they vanish unrecorded. NATURE, 643(8072), 638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Montesinos-Tubée, Daniel B.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02218-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Map endemic species before they vanish unrecorded}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s journal ranking system stands up to scrutiny. NATURE, 643(8072), 638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Liying}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02219-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s journal ranking system stands up to scrutiny}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why the global economy is more uncertain than ever, and what to do about it. NATURE, 643(8072), 634-637. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unexpected events, such as pandemics and wars, are on the rise. Financial markets need tools to help them cope with unforeseen losses. Unexpected events, such as pandemics and wars, are on the rise. Financial markets need tools to help them cope with unforeseen losses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lucey, Brian M. and Urquhart, Andrew and Vigne, Samuel A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02200-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {634-637}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why the global economy is more uncertain than ever, and what to do about it}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s shift towards ‘organized research’: How can coordination and innovation co-exist?. NATURE, 643(8072), 631-634. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Beijing’s reorganization of science is a broad, systemic effort to reshape how research is conducted, applied and evaluated nationwide. Beijing’s reorganization of science is a broad, systemic effort to reshape how research is conducted, applied and evaluated nationwide.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Han, Shuangmiao and Xie, Jing}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02199-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {631-634}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s shift towards ‘organized research’: How can coordination and innovation co-exist?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI hype, crackling northern lights and more: Take it all in with these holiday reads. NATURE, 643(8072), 628-630. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ten of Nature’s recent contributors share their current book obsessions. Ten of Nature’s recent contributors share their current book obsessions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zmigrod, Leor and Moorosi, Nyalleng and Sultana, Farhana and Abalkina, Anna and Odgers, Candice L. and Libonati, Renata and Gómez-Marín, Àlex and McLemore, Monica and Wojcik, Genevieve L. and Park, Tae Jung}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02198-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {628-630}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI hype, crackling northern lights and more: Take it all in with these holiday reads}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Smart brain-zapping implants could revolutionize parkinson’s treatment. NATURE, 643(8072), 625-627. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The next generation of deep-brain stimulation automatically corrects the precise brain waves that create symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Can this approach target other conditions? The next generation of deep-brain stimulation automatically corrects the precise brain waves that create symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Can this approach target other conditions?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adee, Sally}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02196-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {625-627}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Smart brain-zapping implants could revolutionize parkinson’s treatment}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The breakthrough proof bringing mathematics closer to a grand unified theory. NATURE, 643(8072), 622-624. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Langlands programme has inspired and befuddled mathematicians for more than 50 years. A major advance has now opened up new worlds for them to explore. The Langlands programme has inspired and befuddled mathematicians for more than 50 years. A major advance has now opened up new worlds for them to explore.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bhattacharya, Ananyo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02197-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {622-624}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The breakthrough proof bringing mathematics closer to a grand unified theory}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare find: Interstellar visitor seen blazing through our solar system. NATURE, 643(8072), 620. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The comet-like body — called 3I/ATLAS or C/2025 N1 — is zipping past Jupiter. The comet-like body — called 3I/ATLAS or C/2025 N1 — is zipping past Jupiter.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02141-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {620}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare find: Interstellar visitor seen blazing through our solar system}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Giant map details nerves across a mouse’s body: See stunning pics. NATURE, 643(8072), 618-619. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High-resolution imaging method could lead to wiring diagram for the whole body. High-resolution imaging method could lead to wiring diagram for the whole body.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02156-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {618-619}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Giant map details nerves across a mouse’s body: See stunning pics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). OpenAI’s o3 tops new AI league table for answering scientific questions. NATURE, 643(8072), 617-618. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {SciArena uses votes by researchers to evaluate large language models’ responses on technical topics. SciArena uses votes by researchers to evaluate large language models’ responses on technical topics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02177-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {617-618}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {OpenAI’s o3 tops new AI league table for answering scientific questions}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Turbocharged ‘killer’ cells show promise for autoimmune disease. NATURE, 643(8072), 616-617. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experimental treatment could offer a safer, cheaper alternative to CAR-T-cell therapies for disorders such as lupus. Experimental treatment could offer a safer, cheaper alternative to CAR-T-cell therapies for disorders such as lupus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02096-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {616-617}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Turbocharged ‘killer’ cells show promise for autoimmune disease}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Research-integrity sleuths say their work is being ‘twisted’ to undermine science. NATURE, 643(8072), 615-616. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some sleuths fear that the business of cleaning up flawed studies is being weaponized against science itself. Some sleuths fear that the business of cleaning up flawed studies is being weaponized against science itself.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02163-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {615-616}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Research-integrity sleuths say their work is being ‘twisted’ to undermine science}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Symbolic ‘science fair’ showcases research cut by trump team. NATURE, 643(8072), 614-615. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Democrats hosted a protest event featuring ‘things we’ll never know’ because of the US government’s cuts to science. Democrats hosted a protest event featuring ‘things we’ll never know’ because of the US government’s cuts to science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahart, Jenna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02164-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {614-615}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Symbolic ‘science fair’ showcases research cut by trump team}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China pours money into brain chips that give paralysed people more control. NATURE, 643(8072), 613-614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Brain–computer interfaces being trialled in China offer some advantages over Neuralink and other leading US devices. Brain–computer interfaces being trialled in China offer some advantages over Neuralink and other leading US devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02098-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {613-614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China pours money into brain chips that give paralysed people more control}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Memory gets a boost from positive emotion. NATURE, 643(8072), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study participants’ memory faltered when they learnt while experiencing negative or neutral emotions. Study participants’ memory faltered when they learnt while experiencing negative or neutral emotions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02107-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Memory gets a boost from positive emotion}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lonely spacecraft can navigate the stars. NATURE, 643(8072), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {NASA’s New Horizons probe, which hurtled past Pluto in 2015, demonstrates that it can sail through interstellar space using its onboard camera. NASA’s New Horizons probe, which hurtled past Pluto in 2015, demonstrates that it can sail through interstellar space using its onboard camera.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02108-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lonely spacecraft can navigate the stars}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hot air: The most extreme heatwaves are accelerating the fastest. NATURE, 643(8072), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tropical regions where heatwaves are already common will be hardest hit by this trend. Tropical regions where heatwaves are already common will be hardest hit by this trend.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02109-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hot air: The most extreme heatwaves are accelerating the fastest}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Workouts can help gut microbes to quell cancer. NATURE, 643(8072), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mice that exercised produced higher levels of an immune-cell-stimulating molecule than sedentary rodents did. Mice that exercised produced higher levels of an immune-cell-stimulating molecule than sedentary rodents did.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02111-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Workouts can help gut microbes to quell cancer}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bring science into business schools to train the leaders of tomorrow. NATURE, 643(8072), 610. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The next generation of managers must be fit for a net-zero, nature-positive economy. The next generation of managers must be fit for a net-zero, nature-positive economy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Agarwala, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02214-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {610}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bring science into business schools to train the leaders of tomorrow}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to de-americanize global science. NATURE, 643(8072), 609. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The US science crisis presents an opportunity to reinvent funding and management of the global research enterprise. The US science crisis presents an opportunity to reinvent funding and management of the global research enterprise.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conde, João}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02215-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {609}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to de-americanize global science}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Without science, there can be no development. NATURE, 643(8072), 607. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A United Nations conference on financing sustainable development was a missed opportunity to fund the science needed to create a better world. A United Nations conference on financing sustainable development was a missed opportunity to fund the science needed to create a better world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02220-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8072}, pages = {607}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Without science, there can be no development}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Africa’s chief diplomat for vaccine manufacturing. NATURE, 643(8072), 865-867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Virologist Amadou Sall is the driving force behind a world-class manufacturing hub in Senegal. Virologist Amadou Sall is the driving force behind a world-class manufacturing hub in Senegal.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tsanni, Abdullahi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01670-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8072}, pages = {865-867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Africa’s chief diplomat for vaccine manufacturing}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: Transformation of primary human endothelial cells by kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. NATURE, 643(8071), E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Flore, Ornella and Rafii, Shahin and Ely, Scott and O’Leary, John J. and Hyjek, Elizabeth M. and Cesarman, Ethel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09239-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: Transformation of primary human endothelial cells by kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: The P-loop NTPase RUVBL2 is a conserved clock component across eukaryotes. NATURE, 643(8071), E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liao, Meimei and Liu, Yanqin and Xu, Zhancong and Fang, Mingxu and Yu, Ziqing and Cui, Yufan and Sun, Zhengda and Huo, Ran and Yang, Jieyu and Huang, Fusheng and Liu, Mingming and Zhou, Qin and Song, Xiaocui and Han, Hui and Chen, She and Xu, Xiaodong and Qin, Ximing and He, Qun and Ju, Dapeng and Wang, Tao and Thakkar, Nirav and Hardin, Paul E. and Golden, Susan S. and Zhang, Eric Erquan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09237-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: The P-loop NTPase RUVBL2 is a conserved clock component across eukaryotes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Regulatory genomic circuitry of human disease loci by integrative epigenomics. NATURE, 643(8071), E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Boix, Carles A. and James, Benjamin T. and Park, Yongjin P. and Meuleman, Wouter and Kellis, Manolis}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09134-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Regulatory genomic circuitry of human disease loci by integrative epigenomics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Collagenolysis-dependent DDR1 signalling dictates pancreatic cancer outcome. NATURE, 643(8071), E10. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Su, Hua and Yang, Fei and Fu, Rao and Trinh, Brittney and Sun, Nina and Liu, Junlai and Kumar, Avi and Baglieri, Jacopo and Siruno, Jeremy and Le, Michelle and Li, Yuhan and Dozier, Stephen and Nair, Ajay and Filliol, Aveline and Sinchai, Nachanok and Rosenthal, Sara Brin and Santini, Jennifer and Metallo, Christian M. and Molina, Anthony and Schwabe, Robert F. and Lowy, Andrew M. and Brenner, David A. and Sun, Beicheng and Karin, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09285-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Collagenolysis-dependent DDR1 signalling dictates pancreatic cancer outcome}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: RUNX2 promotes fibrosis via an alveolar-to-pathological fibroblast transition. NATURE, 643(8071), E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fang, Yinshan and Chung, Sanny S. W. and Xu, Le and Xue, Chenyi and Liu, Xue and Jiang, Dianhua and Li, Rongbo and Korogi, Yohei and Yuan, Ke and Saqi, Anjali and Hibshoosh, Hanina and Huang, Yuefeng and Lin, Chyuan-Sheng and Takarada, Takeshi and Tsukui, Tatsuya and Sheppard, Dean and Sun, Xin and Que, Jianwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09254-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: RUNX2 promotes fibrosis via an alveolar-to-pathological fibroblast transition}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lack of evidence for the transitional cerebellar progenitor. NATURE, 643(8071), E1-E8. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Kyle S. and Li, Yiran and Haldipur, Parthiv and Gudenas, Brian L. and Millen, Kathleen J. and Hovestadt, Volker and Northcott, Paul A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09247-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {E1-E8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lack of evidence for the transitional cerebellar progenitor}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How monitoring a remote finnish peatland helps climate science. NATURE, 643(8071), 600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Risto Taipale works on the maintenance of a research station that provides publicly accessible data on climate change. Risto Taipale works on the maintenance of a research station that provides publicly accessible data on climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Martinelli, Francesco}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02072-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How monitoring a remote finnish peatland helps climate science}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will algorithms choose your next lab colleague?. NATURE, 643(8071), 596-598. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {AI tools have been slow to enter academic recruitment — but recent developments could change that. AI tools have been slow to enter academic recruitment — but recent developments could change that.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02071-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {596-598}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will algorithms choose your next lab colleague?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rubbish years: How to boost lab group morale when world events crash in. NATURE, 643(8071), 593-595. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Award-winning mentors share best practice to keep your team going amid political upheavals, economic downturns and other events. Award-winning mentors share best practice to keep your team going amid political upheavals, economic downturns and other events.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Boeck, N. G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02075-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {593-595}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rubbish years: How to boost lab group morale when world events crash in}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Discovery of FoTO1 and taxol genes enables biosynthesis of baccatin III. NATURE, 643(8071), 582-592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plants make complex and potent therapeutic molecules1,2, but sourcing these molecules from natural producers or through chemical synthesis is difficult, which limits their use in the clinic. A prominent example is the anti-cancer therapeutic paclitaxel (sold under the brand name Taxol), which is derived from yew trees (Taxus species)3. Identifying the full paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway would enable heterologous production of the drug, but this has yet to be achieved despite half a century of research4. Within Taxus’ large, enzyme-rich genome5, we suspected that the paclitaxel pathway would be difficult to resolve using conventional RNA-sequencing and co-expression analyses. Here, to improve the resolution of transcriptional analysis for pathway identification, we developed a strategy we term multiplexed perturbation × single nuclei (mpXsn) to transcriptionally profile cell states spanning tissues, cell types, developmental stages and elicitation conditions. Our data show that paclitaxel biosynthetic genes segregate into distinct expression modules that suggest consecutive subpathways. These modules resolved seven new genes, allowing a de novo 17-gene biosynthesis and isolation of baccatin III, the industrial precursor to Taxol, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, at levels comparable with the natural abundance in Taxus needles. Notably, we found that a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like protein, FoTO1, is crucial for promoting the formation of the desired product during the first oxidation, resolving a long-standing bottleneck in paclitaxel pathway reconstitution. Together with a new β-phenylalanine-CoA ligase, the eight genes discovered here enable the de novo biosynthesis of 3’-N-debenzoyl-2’-deoxypaclitaxel. More broadly, we establish a generalizable approach to efficiently scale the power of co-expression analysis to match the complexity of large, uncharacterized genomes, facilitating the discovery of high-value gene sets. An approach that combines single-nucleus RNA sequencing and multiplexed perturbation identifies genes that enable the biosynthesis of direct precursors of the anti-cancer drug Taxol, whose current production involves a laborious extraction process from yew trees.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McClune, Conor James and Liu, Jack Chun-Ting and Wick, Chloe and De La Peña, Ricardo and Lange, Bernd Markus and Fordyce, Polly M. and Sattely, Elizabeth S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09090-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {582-592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Discovery of FoTO1 and taxol genes enables biosynthesis of baccatin III}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Native nucleosomes intrinsically encode genome organization principles. NATURE, 643(8071), 572-581. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The eukaryotic genome is packed into nucleosomes of 147 base pairs around a histone core and is organized into euchromatin and heterochromatin, corresponding to the A and B compartments, respectively1,2. Here we investigated whether individual nucleosomes contain sufficient information for 3D genomic organization into compartments, for example, in their biophysical properties. We purified native mononucleosomes to high monodispersity and used physiological concentrations of polyamines to determine their condensability. The chromosomal regions known to partition into A compartments have low condensability and those for B compartments have high condensability. Chromatin polymer simulations using condensability as the only input, without any trans factors, reproduced the A/B compartments. Condensability is also strongly anticorrelated with gene expression, particularly near the promoters and in a cell type-dependent manner. Therefore, mononucleosomes have biophysical properties associated with genes being on or off. Comparisons with genetic and epigenetic features indicate that nucleosome condensability is an emergent property, providing a natural axis on which to project the high-dimensional cellular chromatin state. Analysis using various condensing agents or histone modifications and mutations indicates that the genome organization principle encoded into nucleosomes is mostly electrostatic in nature. Polyamine depletion in mouse T cells, resulting from either knocking out or inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, results in hyperpolarized condensability, indicating that when cells cannot rely on polyamines to translate the biophysical properties of nucleosomes to 3D genome organization, they accentuate condensability contrast, which may explain the dysfunction observed with polyamine deficiency3–5. A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, Sangwoo and Merino-Urteaga, Raquel and Karwacki-Neisius, Violetta and Carrizo, Gustavo Ezequiel and Athreya, Advait and Marin-Gonzalez, Alberto and Benning, Nils A. and Park, Jonghan and Mitchener, Michelle M. and Bhanu, Natarajan V. and Garcia, Benjamin A. and Zhang, Bin and Muir, Tom W. and Pearce, Erika L. and Ha, Taekjip}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08971-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {572-581}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Native nucleosomes intrinsically encode genome organization principles}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ku limits RNA-induced innate immunity to allow alu expansion in primates. NATURE, 643(8071), 562-571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ku70 and Ku80 form the Ku heterodimer, a ring-shaped complex that initiates the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway1. Ku binds to double-stranded DNA ends and recruits other NHEJ factors, including LIG4 and DNA-PKcs. Although Ku can bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)2 and trap mutated DNA-PKcs on ribosomal RNA3,4, the physiological role of the Ku–RNA interaction in otherwise wild-type cells remains unclear. Notably, Ku is dispensable for mouse development5,6 but is essential in human cells7. Despite their similar genome sizes, human cells express about 100-fold more Ku than mouse cells, suggesting that Ku has functions beyond NHEJ, possibly through a dose-sensitive interaction with dsRNA, which binds Ku 10 to 100 times more weakly than double-stranded DNA2,8. Here, Ku depletion induces profound interferon and NF-κB signalling via the dsRNA sensor MDA5–RIG-I and MAVS. Prolonged Ku degradation further activates other dsRNA sensors, especially PKR (also known as EIF2AK2) (suppressing translation) and OAS–RNaseL (cleaving ribosomal RNA), leading to growth arrest and cell death. Knockout of MAVS, RIG-I or MDA5 suppressed interferon signalling and, similarly to PKR knockout, partially rescued Ku-depleted human cells. Ku crosslinking and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed binding of Ku to diverse dsRNA molecules, predominantly stem-loops in primate-specific antisense Alu elements9 in introns and 3′ untranslated regions. Ku expression is higher in primates than in non-primate mammals and is tightly correlated with Alu expansion. Thus, Ku has a vital role in accommodating Alu expansion in primates, limiting dsRNA-induced innate immunity, which explains its high expression and essential function in human cells. Studies on the essentiality of Ku in human cells reveal that Ku interacts with diverse double-stranded RNA molecules, including antisense Alu, and enables tolerance of Alu sequence expansion in primates.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Yimeng and Li, Angelina and Maji, Suvrajit and Lee, Brian J. and Korn, Sophie M. and Gertie, Jake A. and Dorrity, Tyler J. and Wang, Jianhua and Wang, Kyle J. and Pelletier, Amandine and Moakley, Daniel F. and Kelly, Rachel D. and Holmes, Antony B. and Rabadan, Raul and Edgell, David R. and Schild-Poulter, Caroline and Modesti, Mauro and Steckelberg, Anna-Lena and Hendrickson, Eric A. and Chung, Hachung and Zhang, Chaolin and Zha, Shan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09104-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {562-571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ku limits RNA-induced innate immunity to allow alu expansion in primates}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Oncogenic fusions converge on shared mechanisms in initiating astroblastoma. NATURE, 643(8071), 551-561. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chromosomal rearrangements and gene fusions are the initial events in the development of many cancers. Astroblastoma (ABM), a brain cancer of unknown cellular origin and challenging to treat, is associated with diverse in-frame gene fusions, including MN1-BEND2 and MN1-CXXC5 (refs. 1,2). However, it remains unclear whether these gene fusions contribute to tumorigenesis. Here we show in mice that these two ABM-associated fusions converge on similar molecular activities and initiate malignancy specifically in ventral telencephalon neural progenitors. BEND2 and CXXC5 recognize similar DNA motifs, which indicates a convergence on downstream gene regulation. Expression of MN1-BEND2 in ventral telencephalon neural progenitors results in aberrant cell proliferation, impaired differentiation, a perivascular occupancy pattern of cells reminiscent of ABM and acquisition of an ABM-associated transcriptional signature. By contrast, MN1-BEND2 expression in dorsal telencephalon neural progenitors leads to extensive cell death. This cell-type-specific malignancy depends on OLIG2 expression. Mechanistically, both ABM-associated fusion proteins (MN1–BEND2 and MN1–CXXC5) induce overlapping transcriptional responses, including the activation of a therapeutically targetable PDGFRα pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that distinct ABM-associated fusions upregulate shared transcriptional networks to disrupt the normal development of ventral telencephalon neural progenitors, which leads to oncogenic transformation. These findings uncover new avenues for targeted ABM treatment. The molecular mechanisms of astroblastoma development are identified, whereby distinct gene fusions upregulate shared transcriptional networks to disrupt the normal development of ventral telencephalon neural progenitors, which leads to oncogenesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Yixing and Sun, Qianqian and Jia, Fuchuan and Xie, Xiangyu and Zhou, Xiangyu and Guo, Rong and Zeng, Yangfan and Chen, Shanshan and Guo, Zhenzhen and Sun, Wenli and Guo, Tong and Xia, Yu and Li, Wenlong and Zhang, Li and Shi, Wei and Yu, Yang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08981-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {551-561}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Oncogenic fusions converge on shared mechanisms in initiating astroblastoma}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Custom CRISPR–Cas9 PAM variants via scalable engineering and machine learning. NATURE, 643(8071), 539-550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Engineering and characterizing proteins can be time-consuming and cumbersome, motivating the development of generalist CRISPR–Cas enzymes1–4 to enable diverse genome-editing applications. However, such enzymes have caveats such as an increased risk of off-target editing3,5,6. Here, to enable scalable reprogramming of Cas9 enzymes, we combined high-throughput protein engineering with machine learning to derive bespoke editors that are more uniquely suited to specific targets. Through structure–function-informed saturation mutagenesis and bacterial selections, we obtained nearly 1,000 engineered SpCas9 enzymes and characterized their protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM)7 requirements to train a neural network that relates amino acid sequence to PAM specificity. By utilizing the resulting PAM machine learning algorithm (PAMmla) to predict the PAMs of 64 million SpCas9 enzymes, we identified efficacious and specific enzymes that outperform evolution-based and engineered SpCas9 enzymes as nucleases and base editors in human cells while reducing off-targets. An in silico-directed evolution method enables user-directed Cas9 enzyme design, including for allele-selective targeting of the RHOP23H allele in human cells and mice. Together, PAMmla integrates machine learning and protein engineering to curate a catalogue of SpCas9 enzymes with distinct PAM requirements, motivating a shift away from generalist enzymes towards safe and efficient bespoke Cas9 variants. Combined high-throughput protein engineering with machine learning to curate libraries of CRISPR genome-editing enzymes with distinct genome targeting properties is described.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Silverstein, Rachel A. and Kim, Nahye and Kroell, Ann-Sophie and Walton, Russell T. and Delano, Justin and Butcher, Rossano M. and Pacesa, Martin and Smith, Blaire K. and Christie, Kathleen A. and Ha, Leillani L. and Meis, Ronald J. and Clark, Aaron B. and Spinner, Aviv D. and Lazzarotto, Cicera R. and Li, Yichao and Matsubara, Azusa and Urbina, Elizabeth O. and Dahl, Gary A. and Correia, Bruno E. and Marks, Debora S. and Tsai, Shengdar Q. and Pinello, Luca and De Ravin, Suk See and Liu, Qin and Kleinstiver, Benjamin P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09021-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {539-550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Custom CRISPR–Cas9 PAM variants via scalable engineering and machine learning}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cross-tissue multicellular coordination and its rewiring in cancer. NATURE, 643(8071), 529-538. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The multicellular coordination that underlies tissue homeostasis and disease progression is of fundamental interest1–5. However, how diverse cell types are organized within tissue niches for cohesive functioning remains largely unknown. Here we systematically characterized cross-tissue coordinated cellular modules in healthy tissues, uncovering their spatiotemporal dynamics and phenotypic associations, and examined their rewiring in cancer. We first compiled a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas from 35 human tissues, revealing substantial inter-tissue variability in cellular composition. By leveraging covariance in cellular abundance, we identified 12 cellular modules with distinct cellular compositions, tissue prevalences and spatial organizations, and demonstrated coordinated intercellular communication within cellular modules using in situ spatial and in vivo perturbation data. Among them, two immune cellular modules in the spleen showed contrasting chronological dynamics with ageing. Analysis of multicellular changes in the breast revealed a menopausal trajectory associated with fibroblast dynamics. Furthermore, interrogation across cancer types uncovered simultaneous rewiring of two types of multicellular ecosystem during tumour progression, including the loss of tissue-specific healthy organization and the emergence of a convergent cancerous ecosystem. These findings reveal fundamental organizing principles of multicellular ecosystems in health and cancer, laying a foundation for further investigations into tissue-level functional coordination across diverse contexts. Comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 35 human tissues reveals 12 cross-tissue coordinated cellular modules that exhibit intramodule communication and dynamic changes with ageing, and whose organization is perturbed during cancer progression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Qiang and Chen, Yihan and Li, Yang and Qin, Shishang and Yang, Yu and Gao, Yang and Zhu, Linnan and Wang, Dongfang and Zhang, Zemin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09053-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {529-538}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cross-tissue multicellular coordination and its rewiring in cancer}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). STAT5 and STAT3 balance shapes dendritic cell function and tumour immunity. NATURE, 643(8071), 519-528. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed cancer therapy1,2. The efficacy of immunotherapy depends on dendritic cell-mediated tumour antigen presentation, T cell priming and activation3,4. However, the relationship between the key transcription factors in dendritic cells and ICB efficacy remains unknown. Here we found that ICB reprograms the interplay between the STAT3 and STAT5 transcriptional pathways in dendritic cells, thereby activating T cell immunity and enabling ICB efficacy. Mechanistically, STAT3 restrained the JAK2 and STAT5 transcriptional pathway, determining the fate of dendritic cell function. As STAT3 is often activated in the tumour microenvironment5, we developed two distinct PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimera) degraders of STAT3, SD-36 and SD-2301. STAT3 degraders effectively degraded STAT3 in dendritic cells and reprogrammed the dendritic cell–transcriptional network towards immunogenicity. Furthermore, STAT3 degrader monotherapy was efficacious in treatment of advanced tumours and ICB-resistant tumours without toxicity in mice. Thus, the crosstalk between STAT3 and STAT5 transcriptional pathways determines the dendritic cell phenotype in the tumour microenvironment and STAT3 degraders hold promise for cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade activates T cell immunity by reprogramming the STAT3 and STAT5 transcriptional pathways in dendritic cells, and STAT3 degradation is effective for treating tumours of multiple cancer types in mouse models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Jiajia and Tison, Kole and Zhou, Haibin and Bai, Longchuan and Acharyya, Ranjan Kumar and McEachern, Donna and Metwally, Hoda and Wang, Yu and Pitter, Michael and Choi, Jae Eun and Vatan, Linda and Liao, Peng and Yu, Jiali and Lin, Heng and Jiang, Long and Wei, Shuang and Gao, Xue and Grove, Sara and Parolia, Abhijit and Cieslik, Marcin and Kryczek, Ilona and Green, Michael D. and Lin, Jian-Xin and Chinnaiyan, Arul M. and Leonard, Warren J. and Wang, Shaomeng and Zou, Weiping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09000-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {519-528}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {STAT5 and STAT3 balance shapes dendritic cell function and tumour immunity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gut inflammation promotes microbiota-specific CD4 t cell-mediated neuroinflammation. NATURE, 643(8071), 509-518. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The microbiota has been recognized as a critical contributor to various diseases1, with multiple reports of changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in contexts such as inflammatory bowel disease2,3 and neurodegenerative diseases4. These microbial shifts can exert systemic effects by altering the release of specific metabolites into the bloodstream5,6, and the gastrointestinal microbiota has also been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity through the activation of innate and adaptive immunity7,8. However, it remains unclear how the microbiota contributes to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), where these microorganisms are typically absent. Here we report that T cells that recognize gut-colonizing segmented filamentous bacteria can induce inflammation in the mouse intestine and CNS in the absence of functional regulatory T cells. Gut commensal-specific CD4 T cells (Tcomm cells) that are dysregulated in the inflamed gut can become licensed to infiltrate into the CNS regardless of their antigen specificity and have the potential to be re-stimulated by host protein-derived antigens in the CNS via molecular mimicry, whereupon they produce high levels of GM-CSF, IFNγ and IL-17A, triggering neurological damage. These infiltrated Tcomm cells initiate CNS inflammation by activating microglia through their IL-23R-dependent encephalitogenic programme and their IL-23R-independent GM-CSF production. Together, our findings reveal potential mechanisms whereby perturbation of Tcomm cells can contribute to extraintestinal inflammation. Dysregulated CD4 T cells that recognize gut commensal antigens are able to infiltrate the central nervous systems and are re-stimulated by host proteins, resulting in neuroinflammation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {White, Zachary and Cabrera, Ivan and Mei, Linghan and Clevenger, Margarette and Ochoa-Raya, Andrea and Kapustka, Isabel and Dominguez, Joseph R. and Zhou, Jinyan and Koster, Kevin P. and Anwar, Shehata and Wang, Qianxun and Ng, Charles and Sagoshi, Shoko and Matsuo, Takashi and Jayawardena, Dulari and Kim, Seung Hyeon and Kageyama, Takahiro and Mitchell, Benjamin J. and Rivera, Dante and Dudeja, Pradeep K. and Lutz, Sarah E. and Kim, Ki-Wook and Yoshii, Akira and Chevrier, Nicolas and Inoue, Makoto and Sano, Teruyuki}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09120-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {509-518}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gut inflammation promotes microbiota-specific CD4 t cell-mediated neuroinflammation}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The subfornical organ is a nucleus for gut-derived t cells that regulate behaviour. NATURE, 643(8071), 499-508. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Specialized immune cells that reside in tissues orchestrate diverse biological functions by communicating with parenchymal cells1. The contribution of the innate immune compartment in the meninges and the central nervous system (CNS) is well-characterized; however, whether cells of the adaptive immune system reside in the brain and are involved in maintaining homeostasis is unclear2–4. Here we show that the subfornical organ (SFO) of the brain is a nucleus for parenchymal αβ T cells in the steady-state brain in both mice and humans. Using unbiased transcriptomics, we show that these extravascular T cells in the brain are distinct from meningeal T cells: they secrete IFNγ robustly and express tissue-residence proteins such as CXCR6, which are required for their retention in the brain and for normal adaptive behaviour. These T cells are primed in the periphery by the microbiome, and traffic from the white adipose and gastrointestinal tissues to the brain. Once established, their numbers can be modulated by alterations to either the gut microbiota or the composition of adipose tissue. In summary, we find that CD4 T cells reside in the brain at steady state and are anatomically concentrated in the SFO in mice and humans; that they are transcriptionally and functionally distinct from meningeal T cells; and that they secrete IFNγ to maintain CNS homeostasis through homeostatic fat–brain and gut–brain axes. A distinct population of CD4 T cells resides in specific regions of the steady-state brain, and these T cells are programmed in the periphery by the microbiome to coordinate adaptive behaviour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yoshida, Tomomi M. and Nguyen, Mytien and Zhang, Le and Lu, Benjamin Y. and Zhu, Biqing and Murray, Katie N. and Mineur, Yann S. and Zhang, Cuiling and Xu, Di and Lin, Elizabeth and Luchsinger, Joseph and Bhatta, Sagar and Waizman, Daniel A. and Coden, Mackenzie E. and Ma, Yifan and Israni-Winger, Kavita and Russo, Anthony and Wang, Haowei and Song, Wenzhi and Al Souz, Jafar and Zhao, Hongyu and Craft, Joseph E. and Picciotto, Marina R. and Grutzendler, Jaime and Distasio, Marcello and Palm, Noah W. and Hafler, David A. and Wang, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09050-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {499-508}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The subfornical organ is a nucleus for gut-derived t cells that regulate behaviour}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A fully open AI foundation model applied to chest radiography. NATURE, 643(8071), 488-498. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chest radiography frequently serves as baseline imaging for most lung diseases1. Deep learning has great potential for automating the interpretation of chest radiography2. However, existing chest radiographic deep learning models are limited in diagnostic scope, generalizability, adaptability, robustness and extensibility. To overcome these limitations, we have developed Ark+, a foundation model applied to chest radiography and pretrained by cyclically accruing and reusing the knowledge from heterogeneous expert labels in numerous datasets. Ark+ excels in diagnosing thoracic diseases. It expands the diagnostic scope and addresses potential misdiagnosis. It can adapt to evolving diagnostic needs and respond to novel diseases. It can learn rare conditions from a few samples and transfer to new diagnostic settings without training. It tolerates data biases and long-tailed distributions, and it supports federated learning to preserve privacy. All codes and pretrained models have been released, so that Ark+ is open for fine-tuning, local adaptation and improvement. It is extensible to several modalities. Thus, it is a foundation model for medical imaging. The exceptional capabilities of Ark+ stem from our insight: aggregating various datasets diversifies the patient populations and accrues knowledge from many experts to yield unprecedented performance while reducing annotation costs3. The development of Ark+ reveals that open models trained by accruing and reusing knowledge from heterogeneous expert annotations with a multitude of public (big or small) datasets can surpass the performance of proprietary models trained on large data. We hope that our findings will inspire more researchers to share code and datasets or federate privacy-preserving data to create open foundation models with diverse, global expertise and patient populations, thus accelerating open science and democratizing AI for medicine. Ark+, a fully open artificial intelligence foundation model, demonstrates exceptional capabilities in diagnosing common, rare and novel thoracic diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ma, DongAo and Pang, Jiaxuan and Gotway, Michael B. and Liang, Jianming}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09079-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {488-498}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A fully open AI foundation model applied to chest radiography}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clonal tracing with somatic epimutations reveals dynamics of blood ageing. NATURE, 643(8071), 478-487. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Current approaches used to track stem cell clones through differentiation require genetic engineering1,2 or rely on sparse somatic DNA variants3,4, which limits their wide application. Here we discover that DNA methylation of a subset of CpG sites reflects cellular differentiation, whereas another subset undergoes stochastic epimutations and can serve as digital barcodes of clonal identity. We demonstrate that targeted single-cell profiling of DNA methylation5 at single-CpG resolution can accurately extract both layers of information. To that end, we develop EPI-Clone, a method for transgene-free lineage tracing at scale. Applied to mouse and human haematopoiesis, we capture hundreds of clonal differentiation trajectories across tens of individuals and 230,358 single cells. In mouse ageing, we demonstrate that myeloid bias and low output of old haematopoietic stem cells6 are restricted to a small number of expanded clones, whereas many functionally young-like clones persist in old age. In human ageing, clones with and without known driver mutations of clonal haematopoieis7 are part of a spectrum of age-related clonal expansions that display similar lineage biases. EPI-Clone enables accurate and transgene-free single-cell lineage tracing on hematopoietic cell state landscapes at scale. The discovery that DNA methylation of different CpG sites can serve as digital barcodes of clonal identity led to the development of EPI-Clone, an algorithm that enables single-cell lineage tracing through cellular differentiation at scale.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Scherer, Michael and Singh, Indranil and Braun, Martina Maria and Szu-Tu, Chelsea and Sanchez Sanchez, Pedro and Lindenhofer, Dominik and Jakobsen, Niels Asger and Körber, Verena and Kardorff, Michael and Nitsch, Lena and Kautz, Pauline and Rühle, Julia and Bianchi, Agostina and Cozzuto, Luca and Frömel, Robert and Beneyto-Calabuig, Sergi and Lareau, Caleb and Satpathy, Ansuman T. and Beekman, Renée and Steinmetz, Lars M. and Raffel, Simon and Ludwig, Leif S. and Vyas, Paresh and Rodriguez-Fraticelli, Alejo and Velten, Lars}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09041-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {478-487}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clonal tracing with somatic epimutations reveals dynamics of blood ageing}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metabolic adaptations direct cell fate during tissue regeneration. NATURE, 643(8071), 468-477. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although cell-fate specification is generally attributed to transcriptional regulation, emerging data also indicate a role for molecules linked with intermediary metabolism. For example, α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which fuels energy production and biosynthetic pathways in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is also a co-factor for chromatin-modifying enzymes1–3. Nevertheless, whether TCA-cycle metabolites regulate cell fate during tissue homeostasis and regeneration remains unclear. Here we show that TCA-cycle enzymes are expressed in the intestine in a heterogeneous manner, with components of the αKG dehydrogenase complex4–6 upregulated in the absorptive lineage and downregulated in the secretory lineage. Using genetically modified mouse models and organoids, we reveal that 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), the enzymatic subunit of the αKG dehydrogenase complex, has a dual, lineage-specific role. In the absorptive lineage, OGDH is upregulated by HNF4 transcription factors to maintain the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of enterocytes. In the secretory lineage, OGDH is downregulated through a process that, when modelled, increases the levels of αKG and stimulates the differentiation of secretory cells. Consistent with this, in mouse models of colitis with impaired differentiation and maturation of secretory cells, inhibition of OGDH or supplementation with αKG reversed these impairments and promoted tissue healing. Hence, OGDH dependency is lineage-specific, and its regulation helps to direct cell fate, offering insights for targeted therapies in regenerative medicine. Metabolic enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, are differentially expressed in absorptive and secretory lineages, guiding cell fate establishment and offering insights for targeted regenerative therapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chaves-Perez, Almudena and Millman, Scott E. and Janaki-Raman, Sudha and Ho, Yu-Jui and Hinterleitner, Clemens and Barthet, Valentin J. A. and Morris, John P. and Barriga, Francisco M. and Reyes, Jose and Kyaw, Aye and Pasolli, H. Amalia and Pe’er, Dana and Thompson, Craig B. and Finley, Lydia W. S. and Cross, Justin R. and Lowe, Scott W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09097-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {468-477}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metabolic adaptations direct cell fate during tissue regeneration}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Striatum supports fast learning but not memory recall. NATURE, 643(8071), 458-467. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animals learn to carry out motor actions in specific sensory contexts to achieve goals. The striatum has been implicated in producing sensory–motor associations1, yet its contributions to memory formation and recall are not clear. Here, to investigate the contribution of the striatum to these processes, mice were taught to associate a cue, consisting of optogenetic activation of striatum-projecting neurons in visual cortex, with the availability of a food pellet that could be retrieved by forelimb reaching. As necessary to direct learning, striatal neural activity encoded both the sensory context and the outcome of reaching. With training, the rate of cued reaching increased, but brief optogenetic inhibition of striatal activity arrested learning and prevented trial-to-trial improvements in performance. However, the same manipulation did not affect performance improvements already consolidated into short-term (less than 1 h) or long-term (days) memories. Hence, striatal activity is necessary for trial-to-trial improvements in performance, leading to plasticity in other brain areas that mediate memory recall. Activity in the striatum is necessary for trial-to-trial improvements in learning sensory–motor tasks but not memory recall.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reinhold, Kimberly and Iadarola, Marci and Tang, Shi and Chang, Annabel and Kuwamoto, Whitney and Albanese, Madeline A. and Sun, Senmiao and Hakim, Richard and Zimmer, Joshua and Wang, Wengang and Sabatini, Bernardo L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08969-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {458-467}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Striatum supports fast learning but not memory recall}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dopamine D1–D2 signalling in hippocampus arbitrates approach and avoidance. NATURE, 643(8071), 448-457. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The hippocampus1–6, as well as dopamine circuits7–9, coordinates decision-making in anxiety-eliciting situations. Yet, little is known about how dopamine modulates hippocampal representations of emotionally salient stimuli to inform appropriate resolution of approach versus avoidance conflicts. Here we studied dopaminoceptive neurons in the male mouse ventral hippocampus (vHipp), molecularly distinguished by their expression of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. We show that these neurons are transcriptionally distinct and topographically organized across vHipp subfields and cell types. In the ventral subiculum where they are enriched, both D1 and D2 neurons are recruited during anxiogenic exploration, yet with distinct profiles related to investigation and behavioural selection. In turn, they mediate opposite approach–avoidance responses, and are differentially modulated by dopaminergic transmission in that region. Together, these results suggest that vHipp dopamine dynamics gate exploratory behaviours under contextual uncertainty, implicating dopaminoception in the complex computation engaged in the vHipp to govern emotional states. Approach versus avoidance responses are driven by D1 and D2 neurons in the ventral hippocampus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Godino, Arthur and Salery, Marine and Minier-Toribio, Angelica M. and Patel, Vishwendra and Fullard, John F. and Kondev, Veronika and Parise, Eric M. and Martinez-Rivera, Freddyson J. and Morel, Carole and Roussos, Panos and Blitzer, Robert D. and Nestler, Eric J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08957-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {448-457}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dopamine D1–D2 signalling in hippocampus arbitrates approach and avoidance}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heterogeneous pericoerulear neurons tune arousal and exploratory behaviours. NATURE, 643(8071), 437-447. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the primary source of noradrenaline in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) regulates arousal, avoidance and stress responses1,2. However, how local neuromodulatory inputs control LC function remains unresolved. Here we identify a population of transcriptionally, spatially and functionally diverse GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) neurons in the LC dendritic field that receive distant inputs and modulate modes of LC firing to control global arousal levels and arousal-related processing and behaviours. We define peri-LC anatomy using viral tracing and combine single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics to molecularly define both LC noradrenaline-producing and peri-LC cell types. We identify several neuronal cell types that underlie peri-LC functional diversity using a series of complementary neural circuit approaches in behaving mice. Our findings indicate that LC and peri-LC neurons are transcriptionally, functionally and anatomically heterogenous neuronal populations that modulate arousal and avoidance states. Defining the molecular, cellular and functional diversity of the LC and peri-LC provides a roadmap for understanding the neurobiological basis of arousal, motivation and neuropsychiatric disorders. A set of neurons in the peri-locus coeruleus region controls arousal and avoidance states, providing an understanding of the neurobiological basis of arousal and exploratory behaviours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Luskin, Andrew T. and Li, Li and Fu, Xiaonan and Martin, Madison M. and Barcomb, Kelsey and Girven, Kasey S. and Blackburn, Taylor and Wells, Bailey A. and Thai, Sarah T. and Li, Esther M. and Rana, Akshay N. and Simon, Rhiana C. and Sun, Li and Gao, Lei and Murry, Alexandria D. and Golden, Sam A. and Stuber, Garret D. and Ford, Christopher P. and Gu, Liangcai and Bruchas, Michael R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08952-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {437-447}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heterogeneous pericoerulear neurons tune arousal and exploratory behaviours}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human de novo mutation rates from a four-generation pedigree reference. NATURE, 643(8071), 427-436. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the human de novo mutation (DNM) rate requires complete sequence information1. Here using five complementary short-read and long-read sequencing technologies, we phased and assembled more than 95% of each diploid human genome in a four-generation, twenty-eight-member family (CEPH 1463). We estimate 98–206 DNMs per transmission, including 74.5 de novo single-nucleotide variants, 7.4 non-tandem repeat indels, 65.3 de novo indels or structural variants originating from tandem repeats, and 4.4 centromeric DNMs. Among male individuals, we find 12.4 de novo Y chromosome events per generation. Short tandem repeats and variable-number tandem repeats are the most mutable, with 32 loci exhibiting recurrent mutation through the generations. We accurately assemble 288 centromeres and six Y chromosomes across the generations and demonstrate that the DNM rate varies by an order of magnitude depending on repeat content, length and sequence identity. We show a strong paternal bias (75–81%) for all forms of germline DNM, yet we estimate that 16% of de novo single-nucleotide variants are postzygotic in origin with no paternal bias, including early germline mosaic mutations. We place all this variation in the context of a high-resolution recombination map (~3.4 kb breakpoint resolution) and find no correlation between meiotic crossover and de novo structural variants. These near-telomere-to-telomere familial genomes provide a truth set to understand the most fundamental processes underlying human genetic variation. Analysis of more than 95% of each diploid human genome of a four-generation, twenty-eight-member family using five complementary short-read and long-read sequencing technologies provides a truth set to understand the most fundamental processes underlying human genetic variation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Porubsky, David and Dashnow, Harriet and Sasani, Thomas A. and Logsdon, Glennis A. and Hallast, Pille and Noyes, Michelle D. and Kronenberg, Zev N. and Mokveld, Tom and Koundinya, Nidhi and Nolan, Cillian and Steely, Cody J. and Guarracino, Andrea and Dolzhenko, Egor and Harvey, William T. and Rowell, William J. and Grigorev, Kirill and Nicholas, Thomas J. and Goldberg, Michael E. and Oshima, Keisuke K. and Lin, Jiadong and Ebert, Peter and Watkins, W. Scott and Leung, Tiffany Y. and Hanlon, Vincent C. T. and McGee, Sean and Pedersen, Brent S. and Happ, Hannah C. and Jeong, Hyeonsoo and Munson, Katherine M. and Hoekzema, Kendra and Chan, Daniel D. and Wang, Yanni and Knuth, Jordan and Garcia, Gage H. and Fanslow, Cairbre and Lambert, Christine and Lee, Charles and Smith, Joshua D. and Levy, Shawn and Mason, Christopher E. and Garrison, Erik and Lansdorp, Peter M. and Neklason, Deborah W. and Jorde, Lynn B. and Quinlan, Aaron R. and Eberle, Michael A. and Eichler, Evan E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08922-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {427-436}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human de novo mutation rates from a four-generation pedigree reference}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genome diversity and signatures of natural selection in mainland southeast asia. NATURE, 643(8071), 417-426. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) has rich ethnic and cultural diversity with a population of nearly 300 million1,2. However, people from MSEA are underrepresented in the current human genomic databases. Here we present the SEA3K genome dataset (phase I), generated by deep short-read whole-genome sequencing of 3,023 individuals from 30 MSEA populations, and long-read whole-genome sequencing of 37 representative individuals. We identified 79.59 million small variants and 96,384 structural variants, among which 22.83 million small variants and 24,622 structural variants are unique to this dataset. We observed a high genetic heterogeneity across MSEA populations, reflected by the varied combinations of genetic components. We identified 44 genomic regions with strong signatures of Darwinian positive selection, covering 89 genes involved in varied physiological systems such as physical traits and immune response. Furthermore, we observed varied patterns of archaic Denisovan introgression in MSEA populations, supporting the proposal of at least two distinct instances of Denisovan admixture into modern humans in Asia3. We also detected genomic regions that suggest adaptive archaic introgressions in MSEA populations. The large number of novel genomic variants in MSEA populations highlight the necessity of studying regional populations that can help answer key questions related to prehistory, genetic adaptation and complex diseases. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Yaoxi and Zhang, Xiaoming and Peng, Min-Sheng and Li, Yu-Chun and Liu, Kai and Zhang, Yu and Mao, Leyan and Guo, Yongbo and Ma, Yujie and Zhou, Bin and Zheng, Wangshan and Yue, Tian and Liao, Yuwen and Liang, Shen-Ao and Chen, Lu and Zhang, Weijie and Chen, Xiaoning and Tang, Bixia and Yang, Xiaofei and Ye, Kai and Gao, Shenghan and Lu, Yurun and Wang, Yong and Wan, Shijie and Hao, Rushan and Wang, Xuankai and Mao, Yafei and Dai, Shanshan and Gao, Zongliang and Yang, Li-Qin and Guo, Jianxin and Li, Jiangguo and Liu, Chao and Wang, Jianhua and Sovannary, Tuot and Bunnath, Long and Kampuansai, Jatupol and Inta, Angkhana and Srikummool, Metawee and Kutanan, Wibhu and Ho, Huy Quang and Pham, Khoa Dang and Singthong, Sommay and Sochampa, Somphad and Kyaing, U. Win and Pongamornkul, Wittaya and Morlaeku, Chutima and Rattanakrajangsri, Kittisak and Kong, Qing-Peng and Zhang, Ya-Ping and Su, Bing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08998-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {417-426}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genome diversity and signatures of natural selection in mainland southeast asia}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nanoplastic concentrations across the north atlantic. NATURE, 643(8071), 412-416. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plastic pollution of the marine realm is widespread, with most scientific attention given to macroplastics and microplastics1,2. By contrast, ocean nanoplastics (<1 μm) remain largely unquantified, leaving gaps in our understanding of the mass budget of this plastic size class3–5. Here we measure nanoplastic concentrations on an ocean-basin scale along a transect crossing the North Atlantic from the subtropical gyre to the northern European shelf. We find approximately 1.5–32.0 mg m−3 of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanoplastics throughout the entire water column. On average, we observe a 1.4-fold higher concentration of nanoplastics in the mixed layer when compared with intermediate water depth, with highest mixed-layer nanoplastic concentrations near the European continent. Nanoplastic concentrations at intermediate water depth are 1.8-fold higher in the subtropical gyre compared with the open North Atlantic outside the gyre. The lowest nanoplastic concentrations, with about 5.5 mg m−3 on average and predominantly composed of PET, are present in bottom waters. For the mixed layer of the temperate to subtropical North Atlantic, we estimate that the mass of nanoplastic may amount to 27 million tonnes (Mt). This is in the same range or exceeding previous budget estimates of macroplastics/microplastics for the entire Atlantic6,7 or the global ocean1,8. Our findings suggest that nanoplastics comprise the dominant fraction of marine plastic pollution. Observations from 12 hydrocast stations along a transect crossing the North Atlantic from the subtropical gyre to the northern European shelf provide evidence of large amounts of nanoplastics throughout the entire water column.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {ten Hietbrink, Sophie and Materić, Dušan and Holzinger, Rupert and Groeskamp, Sjoerd and Niemann, Helge}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09218-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {412-416}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nanoplastic concentrations across the north atlantic}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Control of toxicity of fine particulate matter emissions in china. NATURE, 643(8071), 404-411. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less; PM2.5) causes millions of premature deaths globally1, but not all particles are equally harmful2–4. Current air-pollution control strategies, prioritizing PM2.5 mass reduction, have provided considerable health benefits but further refinements based on differences in the toxicity of various emission sources may provide greater benefits5–7. Here we integrated field measurements with air-quality modelling to assess the unequal toxicities of PM2.5 from various anthropogenic sources. Our findings revealed that the toxicity per unit of PM2.5 mass differed substantially between major sources, differing by up to two orders of magnitude. PM2.5 from solid fuel combustion in residential stoves had the highest toxicity, followed by those from the metallurgy industry, brake wear, diesel vehicles, petrol vehicles, the cement industry and power plants. We further analysed the source contributions of toxicity-adjusted PM2.5 emissions and population exposures in China. From 2005 to 2021, both the PM2.5 mass and relative-potency-adjusted emissions substantially decreased. Although industrial sources contributed 57.5% to the reduction in PM2.5 mass emissions, the reduction in relative potency-adjusted emissions was driven by residential combustion (approximately 80%). Clean-air policies should consider the differing toxicities of PM2.5 when formulating source-specific emission control regulations. This study proposes a cellular toxicity-based framework for PM2.5 reduction that could address the specific health risks in diverse regions, but further epidemiological studies will be required to confirm their relevance to human health outcomes and their application to public policy. A relative potency-adjusted inventory of fine-particulate matter (PM2.5) established in China reveals sectoral and regional disparities in PM2.5 emissions, exposures and associated toxic potencies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zheng, Haotian and Wu, Di and Wang, Shuxiao and Li, Xiangdong and Jin, Ling N. and Zhao, Bin and Li, Shengyue and Sun, Yisheng and Dong, Zhaoxin and Wu, Qingru and Chen, Xiu and Liu, Yuzhe and Chen, Jianmin and Tian, Hezhong and Liu, Qian and Jiang, Jingkun and Kan, Haidong and He, Kebin and He, Hong and Chen, Chuncheng and Zhao, Jincai and Weichenthal, Scott and Ji, John S. and Cohen, Aaron J. and Hao, Jiming and Li, Qing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09158-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {404-411}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Control of toxicity of fine particulate matter emissions in china}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In-line NMR guided orthogonal transformation of real-life plastics. NATURE, 643(8071), 395-403. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The global crisis of plastic waste accumulation threatens wildlife and ecosystems1. Catalytic processes that convert plastic waste into valuable chemicals and fuels offer promising solutions2. Recycling or upcycling of real-life plastic mixtures is challenging owing to their diverse composition and structure3. Here we propose a product-oriented strategy leveraging the orthogonality in reactivities of different functional groups in plastic mixtures to yield valuable products. This approach involves identifying functional groups followed by converting a selective component in the mixture to valuable products. We use mixtures of polystyrene, polylactic acid, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as real-life plastics, to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The diverse physical and chemical properties of these components, which typically hinder direct recovery, offer opportunities for extraction and transformation with the proposed strategy. From a 20-g mixture of real-life plastics, including polystyrene foam, a polylactic acid straw, a polyurethane tube, a polycarbonate mask, a polyvinyl chloride bag, a polyethylene terephthalate bottle, a polyethylene dropper and a polypropylene bottle, we obtained more than 8 separate chemicals: 1.3 g of benzoic acid, 0.5 g of plasticizer, 0.7 g of alanine, 0.7 g of lactic acid, 1.4 g of aromatic amine salt, 2.1 g of bisphenol A, 2.0 g of terephthalic acid and 3.5 g of C3–C6 alkanes. This study reveals the potential for designing transformation strategies for complex plastic waste based on their chemical nature and opens paths for managing end-of-life plastic mixtures. A product-oriented strategy that leverages the reactivities of different functional groups in real-life plastic mixtures can be used to obtain valuable products, opening a path for managing end-of-life plastic mixtures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Mei-Qi and Zhou, Yida and Cao, Ruochen and Tian, Shuheng and Jiao, Yuchen and Guo, Zhenbo and Wang, Maolin and Peng, Hongpeng and Sun, Bo and Xu, Bingjun and Wang, Meng and Xu, Shutao and Ma, Ding}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09088-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {395-403}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In-line NMR guided orthogonal transformation of real-life plastics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bioinspired capillary force-driven super-adhesive filter. NATURE, 643(8071), 388-394. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Capturing particles with low, nanonewton-scale adhesion is an ongoing challenge for conventional air filters1,2. Inspired by the natural filtration abilities of mucus-coated nasal hairs3,4, we introduce an efficient, biomimetic filter that exploits a thin liquid coating. Here we show that a stable thin liquid layer is formed on several filter media that generates enhanced particulate adhesion, driven by micronewton to sub-micronewton capillary forces5,6. Enhanced particle adhesion increases the filtration of airborne particulates while maintaining air permeability, providing longer filter lifetime and increased energy savings. Moreover, strong adhesion of the captured particles enables effective filtration under high-speed airflow as well as suppression of particle redispersion. We anticipate that these filters with thin liquid layers afford a new way to innovate particulate matter filtering systems. Stable coating of filters with a thin liquid layer enhances adhesion of airborne particulates while maintaining high air permeability, resulting in longer lifetimes and higher efficiency of these filters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, Junyong and Moon, Chan Sik and Lee, Ji Min and Rahat, Sazzadul A. and Kim, Sang Moon and Pham, Jonathan T. and Kappl, Michael and Butt, Hans-Jürgen and Wooh, Sanghyuk}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09156-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {388-394}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bioinspired capillary force-driven super-adhesive filter}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spin-qubit control with a milli-kelvin CMOS chip. NATURE, 643(8071), 382-387. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A key virtue of spin qubits is their sub-micron footprint, enabling a single silicon chip to host the millions of qubits required to execute useful quantum algorithms with error correction1–3. However, with each physical qubit needing multiple control lines, a fundamental barrier to scale is the extreme density of connections that bridge quantum devices to their external control and readout hardware4–6. A promising solution is to co-locate the control system proximal to the qubit platform at milli-kelvin temperatures, wired up by miniaturized interconnects7–10. Even so, heat and crosstalk from closely integrated control have the potential to degrade qubit performance, particularly for two-qubit entangling gates based on exchange coupling that are sensitive to electrical noise11,12. Here we benchmark silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-style electron spin qubits controlled by heterogeneously integrated cryo-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (cryo-CMOS) circuits with a power density sufficiently low to enable scale-up. Demonstrating that cryo-CMOS can efficiently perform universal logic operations for spin qubits, we go on to show that milli-kelvin control has little impact on the performance of single- and two-qubit gates. Given the complexity of our sub-kelvin CMOS platform, with about 100,000 transistors, these results open the prospect of scalable control based on the tight packaging of spin qubits with a ‘chiplet-style’ control architecture. CMOS-based circuits can be integrated with silicon-based spin qubits and can be controlled at milli-kelvin temperatures, which can potentially help scale up these systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bartee, Samuel K. and Gilbert, Will and Zuo, Kun and Das, Kushal and Tanttu, Tuomo and Yang, Chih Hwan and Dumoulin Stuyck, Nard and Pauka, Sebastian J. and Su, Rocky Y. and Lim, Wee Han and Serrano, Santiago and Escott, Christopher C. and Hudson, Fay E. and Itoh, Kohei M. and Laucht, Arne and Dzurak, Andrew S. and Reilly, David J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09157-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {382-387}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spin-qubit control with a milli-kelvin CMOS chip}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Moiré materials based on M-point twisting. NATURE, 643(8071), 376-381. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When two monolayer materials are stacked with a relative twist, an effective moiré translation symmetry emerges, leading to fundamentally different properties in the resulting heterostructure. As such, moiré materials have recently provided highly tunable platforms for exploring strongly correlated systems1,2. However, previous studies have focused almost exclusively on monolayers with triangular lattices and low-energy states near the Γ (refs. 3,4) or K (refs. 5–9) points of the Brillouin zone (BZ). Here we introduce a new class of moiré systems based on monolayers with triangular lattices but low-energy states at the M points of the BZ. These M-point moiré materials feature three time-reversal-preserving valleys related by threefold rotational symmetry. We propose twisted bilayers of exfoliable 1T-SnSe2 and 1T-ZrS2 as realizations of this new class. Using extensive ab initio simulations, we identify twist angles that yield flat conduction bands, provide accurate continuum models, analyse their topology and charge density and explore the platform’s rich physics. Notably, the M-point moiré Hamiltonians exhibit emergent momentum-space non-symmorphic symmetries and a kagome plane-wave lattice structure. This represents, to our knowledge, the first experimentally viable realization of projective representations of crystalline space groups in a non-magnetic system. With interactions, these systems act as six-flavour Hubbard simulators with Mott physics. Moreover, the presence of a momentum-space non-symmorphic in-plane mirror symmetry renders some of the M-point moiré Hamiltonians quasi-one-dimensional in each valley, suggesting the possibility of realizing Luttinger-liquid physics. A new class of moiré materials based on monolayers with triangular lattices and low-energy states at the M points of the Brillouin zone is introduced, demonstrating emergent momentum-space non-symmorphic symmetries, a kagome plane-wave lattice structure, and potential quasi-one-dimensionality.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Călugăru, Dumitru and Jiang, Yi and Hu, Haoyu and Pi, Hanqi and Yu, Jiabin and Vergniory, Maia G. and Shan, Jie and Felser, Claudia and Schoop, Leslie M. and Efetov, Dmitri K. and Mak, Kin Fai and Bernevig, B. Andrei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09187-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {376-381}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Moiré materials based on M-point twisting}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultra-depleted mantle source of basalts from the south Pole–Aitken basin. NATURE, 643(8071), 371-375. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lunar mare basalts illuminate the nature of the Moon’s mantle, the lunar compositional asymmetry and the early lunar magma ocean (LMO)1–3. However, the characteristics of the mantle beneath the vast South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on the lunar farside remain a mystery. Here we present the petrology and geochemistry of basalt fragments from Chang’e-6 (CE6), the first returned lunar farside samples from the SPA basin4–7. These 2.8-billion-year-old CE6 basalts8 share similar major element compositions with the most evolved Apollo 12 ilmenite basalts. They exhibit extreme Sr–Nd depletion, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.699237 to 0.699329 and εNd(t) values (a measure of the neodymium isotopic composition) of 15.80 to 16.13. These characteristics indicate an ultra-depleted mantle, resulting from LMO crystallization and/or later depletion by melt extraction. The former scenario implies that the nearside and farside may possess an isotopically analogous depleted mantle endmember. The latter is probably related to the SPA impact, indicating that post-accretion massive impacts could have potentially triggered large-scale melt extraction of the underlying mantle. Either way, originating during the LMO or later melt extraction, the ultra-depleted mantle beneath the SPA basin offers a deep observational window into early lunar crust–mantle differentiation. Extreme Sr–Nd depletion in 2.8-billion-year-old basalt fragments from the lunar farside South Pole–Aitken basin suggests an ultra-depleted mantle source resulting from lunar magma ocean crystallization and/or later impact-related melt extraction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Qin and Yang, Wei and Chu, Zhuyin and Zhu, Honggang and Yang, Saihong and Zeng, Xingguo and Xue, Ding-Shuai and Jia, Li-Hui and Zhang, Guangliang and Zhang, Hongbo and Lin, Yanhao and Zhang, Huijuan and Tian, Heng-Ci and Peng, Peng and Zhang, Dan-Ping and Gu, Lixin and Li, Chunlai and Wu, Fu-Yuan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09131-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {371-375}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultra-depleted mantle source of basalts from the south Pole–Aitken basin}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Water abundance in the lunar farside mantle. NATURE, 643(8071), 366-370. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The water contents of the lunar interior record important clues for understanding the formation and subsequent thermochemical evolution of the Moon1. The Chang’e-6 (CE6) mission returned samples from the South Pole–Aitken impact basin of the lunar farside2–4, providing an opportunity to study the water contents of the farside mantle. Here we report the water abundances and hydrogen isotope compositions of apatite and melt inclusions from CE6 mare basalt, derived from partial melting of the lunar mantle. The parent magma of CE6 mare basalt is estimated to have a water abundance of 15–168 μg g−1 with a δD value of −123 ± 167‰. Our estimate of water abundance of 1–1.5 μg g−1 for the mantle source indicates that the farside mantle is potentially drier than its nearside counterpart. This contrast thus suggests that the distribution of water in the interior of the Moon may exhibit a hemispheric dichotomy similar to numerous surface features5. The new estimate for the lunar farside mantle represents a landmark for estimating the water abundance of the bulk silicate Moon, providing critical constraints on the giant impact origin hypothesis6–8 and the subsequent evolution of the Moon for which the role of water is central1,9. An estimate of water abundance in the lunar mantle indicates that the farside mantle is potentially drier than its nearside counterpart.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Huicun and Li, Linxi and Hu, Sen and Gao, Yubing and Gao, Liang and Zhou, Zhan and Qiu, Mengfan and Zhou, Disheng and Liu, Huanxin and Li, Ruiying and Hao, Jialong and Hui, Hejiu and Lin, Yangting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08870-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {366-370}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Water abundance in the lunar farside mantle}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A reinforced lunar dynamo recorded by chang’e-6 farside basalt. NATURE, 643(8071), 361-365. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The evolution of the lunar dynamo is essential for deciphering the deep interior structure, thermal history and surface environment of the Moon1–4. Previous palaeomagnetic investigations on samples returned from the nearside of the Moon have established the general variation of the lunar magnetic field5–7. However, limited spatial and temporal palaeomagnetic constraints leave the evolution of the lunar dynamo ambiguous. The Chang’e-6 mission returned the first farside basalts dated at about 2.8 billion years ago (Ga) (refs. 8,9), offering an opportunity to investigate a critical spatiotemporal gap in the evolution of the global lunar dynamo. Here we report palaeointensities (around 5–21 μT) recovered from the Chang’e-6 basalts, providing the first constraint on the magnetic field from the lunar farside and a critical anchor within the large gap between 3 Ga and 2 Ga. These results record a rebound of the field strength after its previous sharp decline of around 3.1 Ga, which attests to an active lunar dynamo at about 2.8 Ga in the mid-early stage and argues against the suggestion that the lunar dynamo may have remained in a low-energy state after 3 Ga until its demise. The results indicate that the lunar dynamo was probably driven by either a basal magma ocean or a precession, supplemented by other mechanisms such as core crystallization. Samples from the Chang’e-6 mission show that the lunar magnetic field rebounded in field strength after its previous sharp decline of about 3.1 Ga.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cai, Shuhui and Qi, Kaixian and Yang, Saihong and Fang, Jie and Shi, Pingyuan and Shen, Zhongshan and Zhang, Min and Qin, Huafeng and Zhang, Chi and Li, Xiaoguang and Chen, Fangfang and Chen, Yi and Li, Jinhua and He, Huaiyu and Deng, Chenglong and Li, Chunlai and Pan, Yongxin and Zhu, Rixiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08526-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {361-365}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A reinforced lunar dynamo recorded by chang’e-6 farside basalt}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lunar farside volcanism 2.8 billion years ago from chang’e-6 basalts. NATURE, 643(8071), 356-360. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unravelling the volcanic history of the enigmatic lunar farside is essential for understanding the hemispheric dichotomy of the Moon1–3. Cratering chronology established for the lunar nearside has been used to suggest long-lived volcanism on the farside of the Moon3,4 but without sample verification. We describe two episodes of basaltic volcanism identified by Pb–Pb dating of basalt fragments returned by the Chang’e-6 mission. One high-Al basalt fragment, dated at 4,203 ± 4 million years ago (Ma), has a source 238U/204Pb ratio (µ value) of approximately 1,620, implying a KREEP-rich (K, rare earth elements and P) source for this oldest-known example of basaltic volcanism among returned samples. The main volcanic episode of the Chang’e-6 basalt documents a surprisingly young eruption age of 2,807 ± 3 Ma, which has not been observed on the nearside of the Moon. The initial Pb isotope compositions of these younger basalts indicate a derivation from a source with a µ value of approximately 360, indicating a KREEP-poor mantle source. Mare volcanism on the lunar farside thus persisted for over 1.4 billion years, even if the source was depleted in heat-producing elements. The consistency between the 2.8-billion-year basalt age and the crater-counting age indicates that the cratering chronology model established for the lunar nearside is also applicable to the farside of the Moon. Volcanism identified by Pb–Pb dating of basalt fragments returned by the Chang’e-6 mission from the farside of the Moon gives a young eruption age of 2,807 ± 3 Ma, consistent with the crater-counting age.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Qian W. L. and Yang, Mu-Han and Li, Qiu-Li and Liu, Yu and Yue, Zong-Yu and Zhou, Qin and Chen, Liu-Yang and Ma, Hong-Xia and Yang, Sai-Hong and Tang, Xu and Zhang, Guang-Liang and Ren, Xin and Li, Xian-Hua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08382-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {356-360}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lunar farside volcanism 2.8 billion years ago from chang’e-6 basalts}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mapping the chemical complexity of plastics. NATURE, 643(8071), 349-355. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing global problem1–4. Chemicals in plastics are often not sufficiently considered in the overall strategy to prevent and mitigate the impacts of plastics on human health, the environment and circular economy5–7. Here we present an inventory of 16,325 known plastic chemicals with a focus on their properties, presence in plastic and hazards. We find that diverse chemical structures serve a small set of functions, including 5,776 additives, 3,498 processing aids, 1,975 starting substances and 1,788 non-intentionally added substances. Using a hazard-based approach, we identify more than 4,200 chemicals of concern, which are persistent, bioaccumulative, mobile or toxic. We also determine 15 priority groups of chemicals, for which more than 40% of their members are of concern. Finally, we examine data gaps regarding the basic properties, hazards, uses and exposure potential of plastic chemicals. Our work maps the chemical landscape of plastics and contributes to setting the baseline for a transition towards safer and more sustainable materials and products. We propose that removing known chemicals of concern, disclosing the chemical composition and simplifying the formulation of plastics can provide pathways towards this goal. An inventory of 16,325 known plastic chemicals, including >4,200 hazardous compounds, supports the development of safer plastics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Monclús, L. and Arp, H. P. H. and Groh, K. J. and Faltynkova, A. and Løseth, M. E. and Muncke, J. and Wang, Z. and Wolf, R. and Zimmermann, L. and Wagner, M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09184-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {349-355}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mapping the chemical complexity of plastics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mixed plastics turned into valuable chemicals. NATURE, 643(8071), 346-347. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The diverse chemical and physical properties of plastics make it hard to recycle mixtures. An innovative recycling method now tackles this issue. The diverse chemical and physical properties of plastics make it hard to recycle mixtures. An innovative recycling method now tackles this issue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01715-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {346-347}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mixed plastics turned into valuable chemicals}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Various cell types in tissues cooperate in networks that are disrupted in disease. NATURE, 643(8071), 344-346. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gene expression reveals that different types of human cell can work as a unit. These cellular modules, found in several tissues, change during disease. Gene expression reveals that different types of human cell can work as a unit. These cellular modules, found in several tissues, change during disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Efremova, Mirjana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01455-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {344-346}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Various cell types in tissues cooperate in networks that are disrupted in disease}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mitochondrial molecule has unexpected role in tissue healing. NATURE, 643(8071), 343-344. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A key component of the TCA cycle, a series of reactions that occurs in energy-generating organelles called mitochondria, can dictate the fate of intestinal stem cells. A key component of the TCA cycle, a series of reactions that occurs in energy-generating organelles called mitochondria, can dictate the fate of intestinal stem cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chakrabarty, Ram P. and Chandel, Navdeep S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01583-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {343-344}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mitochondrial molecule has unexpected role in tissue healing}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nanoplastics make up most of the plastic pollutants in the north atlantic ocean. NATURE, 643(8071), 341-343. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A landmark field study reveals widespread pollution of the Atlantic Ocean by nanoscale plastic debris — raising questions about the risk to marine ecosystems. A landmark field study reveals widespread pollution of the Atlantic Ocean by nanoscale plastic debris — raising questions about the risk to marine ecosystems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pabortsava, Katsiaryna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02052-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {341-343}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nanoplastics make up most of the plastic pollutants in the north atlantic ocean}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An open AI model could help medical experts to interpret chest X-rays. NATURE, 643(8071), 340-341. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An accessible and adaptable artificial-intelligence model trained on a diverse set of X-ray images is better than existing models at spotting rare chest diseases. An accessible and adaptable artificial-intelligence model trained on a diverse set of X-ray images is better than existing models at spotting rare chest diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Namkug}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01525-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {340-341}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An open AI model could help medical experts to interpret chest X-rays}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biochemical breakthrough paves way to reliable supply of anticancer drug. NATURE, 643(8071), 339-340. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Missing’ genes needed for the biosynthesis of a natural anticancer drug have been discovered by perturbing and analysing individual cells of yew trees. ‘Missing’ genes needed for the biosynthesis of a natural anticancer drug have been discovered by perturbing and analysing individual cells of yew trees.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Franke, Jakob}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01458-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {339-340}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biochemical breakthrough paves way to reliable supply of anticancer drug}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First returned rock samples shine a light on the moon’s ‘dark side’. NATURE, 643(8071), 337-338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Soil samples from the far side of the Moon provide clues about the origin of lunar asymmetry and the effects of ‘mega-basin’ impacts on the evolution of rocky planets Soil samples from the far side of the Moon provide clues about the origin of lunar asymmetry and the effects of ‘mega-basin’ impacts on the evolution of rocky planets}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Elardo, Stephen M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02050-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {337-338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First returned rock samples shine a light on the moon’s ‘dark side’}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Support sudan’s displaced young scientists. NATURE, 643(8071), 336. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hassan, Hisham Y.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02152-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {336}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Support sudan’s displaced young scientists}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Old CO₂ released from rivers complicates evaluations of fossil-fuel emissions. NATURE, 643(8071), 336. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liang, Xiongwei and Wang, Yingning}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02153-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {336}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Old CO₂ released from rivers complicates evaluations of fossil-fuel emissions}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Expand biobank sampling to three or more generations. NATURE, 643(8071), 336. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kuriyama, Shinichi and Obara, Taku and Mierau, Jochen and Snieder, Harold}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02154-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {336}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Expand biobank sampling to three or more generations}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Address colombia’s brain-health crisis. NATURE, 643(8071), 336. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cardona, Juan F. and Trujillo-Llano, Catalina and Miller, Johnny and Ibañez, Agustín}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02155-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {336}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Address colombia’s brain-health crisis}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to chart a moral future for space exploration. NATURE, 643(8071), 332-335. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Expanding human influence in outer space will require an ethical compass that is more expansive than the one conventionally used. Expanding human influence in outer space will require an ethical compass that is more expansive than the one conventionally used.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haramia, Chelsea and Laflèche, Émilie A. and De Marines, Julia and Wong, Michael L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02070-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {332-335}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to chart a moral future for space exploration}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will AI speed up literature reviews or derail them entirely?. NATURE, 643(8071), 329-331. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The publication of ever-larger numbers of problematic papers, including fake ones generated by artificial intelligence, represents an existential crisis for the established way of doing evidence synthesis. But with a new approach, AI might also save the day. The publication of ever-larger numbers of problematic papers, including fake ones generated by artificial intelligence, represents an existential crisis for the established way of doing evidence synthesis. But with a new approach, AI might also save the day.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reynolds, Sam A. and Christie, Alec P. and Dicks, Lynn V. and Jaffer, Sadiq and Madhavapeddy, Anil and Smith, Rebecca K. and Sutherland, William J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02069-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {329-331}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will AI speed up literature reviews or derail them entirely?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). World’s most porous sponges: Intricate carbon-trapping powders hit the market. NATURE, 643(8071), 322-324. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metal-organic frameworks were the next big thing in chemistry when they were invented more than three decades ago. Now, these intriguing materials are becoming commercial tools for capturing carbon dioxide and harvesting water from the air. Metal-organic frameworks were the next big thing in chemistry when they were invented more than three decades ago. Now, these intriguing materials are becoming commercial tools for capturing carbon dioxide and harvesting water from the air.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sanderson, Katharine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02067-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {322-324}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {World’s most porous sponges: Intricate carbon-trapping powders hit the market}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stress is wrecking your health: How can science help?. NATURE, 643(8071), 318-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Better stress assessment and tailored interventions could give clinicians the tools they need to fend off lasting damage. Better stress assessment and tailored interventions could give clinicians the tools they need to fend off lasting damage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peeples, Lynne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02066-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {318-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stress is wrecking your health: How can science help?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How fast are you ageing? ordinary brain scans reveal the pace. NATURE, 643(8071), 314-315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Images hold clues to risk of dementia and various age-related diseases. Images hold clues to risk of dementia and various age-related diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02086-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {314-315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How fast are you ageing? ordinary brain scans reveal the pace}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to speed up peer review: Make applicants mark one another. NATURE, 643(8071), 313-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Distributed peer review’ of grants makes process more than twice as fast — and includes some cheat-prevention measures. ‘Distributed peer review’ of grants makes process more than twice as fast — and includes some cheat-prevention measures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02090-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {313-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to speed up peer review: Make applicants mark one another}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Turmoil at US science academy as trump cuts force layoffs. NATURE, 643(8071), 309-310. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Efforts by leaders of the US national academies to adjust to the new political reality have spurred member concerns about capitulation and censorship. Efforts by leaders of the US national academies to adjust to the new political reality have spurred member concerns about capitulation and censorship.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff and Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01939-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {309-310}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Turmoil at US science academy as trump cuts force layoffs}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA helps trace stinky roman fish sauce to its source. NATURE, 643(8071), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mangled bones found at a one-time manufacturing facility pinpoint species used to make a quintessential condiment. Mangled bones found at a one-time manufacturing facility pinpoint species used to make a quintessential condiment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02018-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA helps trace stinky roman fish sauce to its source}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Massive submarine eruption darkened clouds half a world away. NATURE, 643(8071), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sound-wave created by eruption in Tonga caused the atmosphere to warm over Mexico and the Caribbean. Sound-wave created by eruption in Tonga caused the atmosphere to warm over Mexico and the Caribbean.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02019-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Massive submarine eruption darkened clouds half a world away}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How breaking the ‘reciprocity law’ could improve green energy. NATURE, 643(8071), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A material that emits less energy than it absorbs has the potential to save some of the sunlight wasted by solar collectors. A material that emits less energy than it absorbs has the potential to save some of the sunlight wasted by solar collectors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02020-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How breaking the ‘reciprocity law’ could improve green energy}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Poo of farm animals teems with drug-resistance genes. NATURE, 643(8071), 307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A global map reveals the prevalence of thousands of genes that arm pathogens against antibiotics. A global map reveals the prevalence of thousands of genes that arm pathogens against antibiotics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02021-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Poo of farm animals teems with drug-resistance genes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How we’re rebuilding the weizmann institute — And our hopes for a better future. NATURE, 643(8071), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientific research is at the heart of Israel’s success and has worldwide benefits. Our work will continue despite adversity. Scientific research is at the heart of Israel’s success and has worldwide benefits. Our work will continue despite adversity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Alon}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02112-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How we’re rebuilding the weizmann institute — And our hopes for a better future}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deaf scientists hit by drastic NIH cuts — The research community must support them. NATURE, 643(8071), 305. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Severe blows to the ‘deaf-scientist pipeline’ must not mean abandoning its best practices. Here is how to support current and future students. Severe blows to the ‘deaf-scientist pipeline’ must not mean abandoning its best practices. Here is how to support current and future students.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hall, Wyatte C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02063-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {305}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deaf scientists hit by drastic NIH cuts — The research community must support them}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metascience can improve science — But it must be useful to society, too. NATURE, 643(8071), 304. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers studying research must avoid the temptation to get too stuck in the academic weeds. Researchers studying research must avoid the temptation to get too stuck in the academic weeds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02065-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {304}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metascience can improve science — But it must be useful to society, too}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plastics pollution is surging — The planned UN treaty to curb it must be ambitious. NATURE, 643(8071), 303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {New research on nanoplastics pollution and ‘chemicals of concern’ underscores the need for a strong agreement when negotiations restart in Switzerland next month. New research on nanoplastics pollution and ‘chemicals of concern’ underscores the need for a strong agreement when negotiations restart in Switzerland next month.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02064-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8071}, pages = {303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plastics pollution is surging — The planned UN treaty to curb it must be ambitious}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Obesity drugs made in china could power next wave of treatments. NATURE, 643(8071), 315-316. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Drugs currently being tested target complications associated with obesity such as heart disease, fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Drugs currently being tested target complications associated with obesity such as heart disease, fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01987-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8071}, pages = {315-316}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Obesity drugs made in china could power next wave of treatments}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Arrests of scientists over smuggled samples add to US border anxiety. NATURE, 643(8071), 312-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature talks to legal and other specialists about the cases and what to watch out for when transporting lab materials. Nature talks to legal and other specialists about the cases and what to watch out for when transporting lab materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01958-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8071}, pages = {312-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Arrests of scientists over smuggled samples add to US border anxiety}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First independent survey of deaths in gaza reports more than 80,000 fatalities. NATURE, 643(8071), 311-312. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Results align with other efforts to count the number of people killed amid the ongoing conflict. Results align with other efforts to count the number of people killed amid the ongoing conflict.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02009-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8071}, pages = {311-312}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First independent survey of deaths in gaza reports more than 80,000 fatalities}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Effect of phosphorylation barcodes on arrestin binding to a chemokine receptor. NATURE, 643(8070), 280-287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unique phosphorylation ‘barcodes’ installed in different regions of an active seven-transmembrane receptor by different G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) have been proposed to promote distinct cellular outcomes1, but it is unclear whether or how arrestins differentially engage these barcodes. Here, to address this, we developed an antigen-binding fragment (Fab7) that recognizes both active arrestin2 (β-arrestin1) and arrestin3 (β-arrestin2) without interacting with bound receptor polypeptides. We used Fab7 to determine the structures of both arrestins in complex with atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) phosphorylated in different regions of its C-terminal tail by either GRK2 or GRK5 (ref. 2). The GRK2-phosphorylated ACKR3 resulted in more heterogeneous ‘tail-mode’ assemblies, whereas phosphorylation by GRK5 resulted in more rigid ‘ACKR3-adjacent’ assemblies. Unexpectedly, the finger loops of both arrestins engaged the micelle surface rather than the receptor intracellular pocket, with arrestin3 being more dynamic, partly because of its lack of a membrane-anchoring motif. Thus, both the region of the barcode and the arrestin isoform involved can alter the structure and dynamics of GPCR–arrestin complexes, providing a possible mechanistic basis for unique downstream cellular effects, such as the efficiency of chemokine scavenging and the robustness of arrestin binding in ACKR3. Different phosphorylation patterns created by GRK2 and GRK5 on the C-terminal tail of ACKR3 lead to distinct structural arrangements and dynamics of G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complexes, potentially explaining diverse cellular outcomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Qiuyan and Schafer, Christopher T. and Mukherjee, Somnath and Wang, Kai and Gustavsson, Martin and Fuller, James R. and Tepper, Katelyn and Lamme, Thomas D. and Aydin, Yasmin and Agrawal, Parth and Terashi, Genki and Yao, Xin-Qiu and Kihara, Daisuke and Kossiakoff, Anthony A. and Handel, Tracy M. and Tesmer, John J. G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09024-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {280-287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Effect of phosphorylation barcodes on arrestin binding to a chemokine receptor}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Substrate recognition and cleavage mechanism of the monkeypox virus core protease. NATURE, 643(8070), 271-279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Poxviruses cause severe diseases, including smallpox and mpox, that pose major threats to human health. The poxvirus core protease (CorePro) is essential for viral maturation and is highly conserved in poxviruses, making it an attractive antiviral target1. However, the structure of CorePro remains unknown, hampering antiviral development. Here we determined the apo structure of monkeypox virus (MPXV) CorePro and the structure of CorePro in a complex with the inhibitor aloxistatin, a drug candidate for muscular dystrophy2. These structures show that CorePro forms a homodimer that features a unique ‘dancing couple’ fold. The catalytic intermediate state of CorePro was characterized by an aldehyde derivative from a natural substrate (I-G18). This derivative binds covalently to the catalytic Cys328, shifting the active site of the viral protease from a closed conformation in the apo form to a favourable open conformation upon substrate binding. On the basis of the CorePro–I-G18 complex, we designed a series of peptidomimetic inhibitors with a nitrile warhead, which could covalently anchor with the catalytic Cys328. These compounds inhibit CorePro with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 44.9–100.3 nM, and exhibit potent and broad anti-poxvirus activity. Our studies provide a basis for designing wide-spectrum inhibitors against poxvirus infections. Structural and biochemical studies of the monkeypox virus core protease show that it exists as an active homodimer and indicate that the substrate-binding sites of core proteases are a promising target for antiviral drugs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Yan and Xie, Xiong and Zhang, Xiaoyu and Cao, Junyuan and Lan, Weiqi and You, Tian and Li, Dongxu and Dong, Xuxue and Dai, Wenhao and Xiang, Yingchun and Hu, Shulei and Shang, Weijuan and Wu, Botao and Zhang, Yumin and Xu, Jin and Liu, Xiaoce and Wang, Haofeng and Hu, Wanlong and Zhang, Mingjing and Duan, Yinkai and Cui, Wen and Zhou, Hao and Mao, Shengjiang and Jia, Handi and Sun, Zhanqi and Jia, Menghan and Yin, Yue and Nguyen, Henry C. and Yang, Kailin and Yang, Bei and Yang, Xiuna and Ji, Xiaoyun and Xiao, Gengfu and Wang, Wei and Zhang, Leike and Rao, Zihe and Liu, Hong and Yang, Haitao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09014-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {271-279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Substrate recognition and cleavage mechanism of the monkeypox virus core protease}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Maternal iron deficiency causes male-to-female sex reversal in mouse embryos. NATURE, 643(8070), 262-270. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ferrous iron (Fe2+) is essential in all eukaryotic cells for various oxidoreductase reactions, including the demethylation of DNA and proteins. Histone demethylation is required for normal epigenetic regulation of the Y-chromosomal sex-determining gene Sry in developing gonads during male sex determination1,2. Here we investigate the potential connection between iron metabolism, histone demethylation and sex determination in mammals. We found that Fe2+-producing pathways are substantially activated in mouse embryonic gonads during the sex-determining period. Chelation of iron in cultured XY gonads reduced the level of KDM3A-mediated H3K9 demethylation of Sry, mostly abolished Sry expression and caused the gonads to express ovarian markers. In vivo, conditional deletion of the gene Tfrc—which is required for iron incorporation—in fetal XY gonadal somatic cells, or acute pharmaceutical suppression of available iron in pregnant mice, resulted in male-to-female gonadal sex reversal in a proportion of offspring, highlighting the pivotal role of iron metabolism in male sex determination. Finally, long-term feeding of pregnant mice with a low-iron diet, when combined with a heterozygous variant of Kdm3a that by itself has no observable effect, suppressed Sry expression and caused male-to-female sex reversal in some of the progeny, revealing a connection between maternal dietary iron and fetal developmental outcomes. Iron-deficient conditions in pregnant mice can cause XY mouse embryos to develop female rather than male genitalia, revealing that iron metabolism has a role in determining male sex in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Okashita, Naoki and Maeda, Ryo and Kuroki, Shunsuke and Sasaki, Kyona and Uno, Yoko and Koopman, Peter and Tachibana, Makoto}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09063-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {262-270}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Maternal iron deficiency causes male-to-female sex reversal in mouse embryos}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). EndoMAP.v1 charts the structural landscape of human early endosome complexes. NATURE, 643(8070), 252-261. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Early or sorting endosomes are dynamic organelles that play key roles in proteome control by triaging plasma membrane proteins for either recycling or degradation in the lysosome1,2. These events are coordinated by numerous transiently associated regulatory complexes and integral membrane components that contribute to organelle identity during endosome maturation3. Although a subset of the several hundred protein components and cargoes known to associate with endosomes have been studied at the biochemical and/or structural level, interaction partners and higher-order molecular assemblies for many endosomal components remain unknown. Here, we combine crosslinking and native gel mass spectrometry4–7 of purified early endosomes with AlphaFold8,9 and computational analysis to create a systematic human endosomal structural interactome. We present 229 structural models for endosomal protein pairs and additional higher-order assemblies supported by experimental crosslinks from their native subcellular context, suggesting structural mechanisms for previously reported regulatory processes. Using induced neurons, we validate two candidate complexes whose interactions are supported by crosslinks and structural predictions: TMEM230 as a subunit of ATP8 and ATP11 lipid flippases10 and TMEM9 and TMEM9B as subunits of the chloride–proton antiporters CLCN3, CLCN4 and CLCN5 (ref. 11). This resource and its accompanying structural network viewer provide an experimental framework for understanding organellar structural interactomes and large-scale validation of structural predictions. A study presents EndoMAP.v1, a resource that combines information on protein interactions and crosslink-supported structural predictions to map the interaction landscape of early endosomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonzalez-Lozano, Miguel A. and Schmid, Ernst W. and Miguel Whelan, Enya and Jiang, Yizhi and Paulo, Joao A. and Walter, Johannes C. and Harper, J. Wade}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09059-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {252-261}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {EndoMAP.v1 charts the structural landscape of human early endosome complexes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Programmable control of spatial transcriptome in live cells and neurons. NATURE, 643(8070), 241-251. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spatial RNA organization has a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes and diseases1–4. However, functional implications of the spatial transcriptome remain largely unexplored due to limited technologies for perturbing endogenous RNA within specific subcellular regions1,5. Here we present CRISPR-mediated transcriptome organization (CRISPR-TO), a system that harnesses RNA-guided, nuclease-dead dCas13 for programmable control of endogenous RNA localization in live cells. CRISPR-TO enables targeted localization of endogenous RNAs to diverse subcellular compartments, including the outer mitochondrial membrane, p-bodies, stress granules, telomeres and nuclear stress bodies, across various cell types. It allows for inducible and reversible bidirectional RNA transport along microtubules via motor proteins, facilitating real-time manipulation and monitoring of RNA localization dynamics in living cells. In primary cortical neurons, we demonstrate that repositioned mRNAs undergo local translation along neurites and at neurite tips, and co-transport with ribosomes, with β-actin mRNA localization enhancing the formation of dynamic filopodial protrusions and inhibiting axonal regeneration. CRISPR-TO-enabled screening in primary neurons identifies Stmn2 mRNA localization as a driver of neurite outgrowth. By enabling large-scale perturbation of the spatial transcriptome, CRISPR-TO bridges a critical gap left by sequencing and imaging technologies, offering a versatile platform for high-throughput functional interrogation of RNA localization in living cells and organisms. CRISPR-TO, a system for programmable control of spatial localization of cellular RNAs, is presented and enables functional investigation of endogenous RNA localization in diverse living cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Han, Mengting and Fu, Maylin L. and Zhu, Yanyu and Choi, Alexander A. and Li, Emmy and Bezney, Jon and Cai, Sa and Miles, Leann and Ma, Yitong and Qi, Lei S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09020-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {241-251}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Programmable control of spatial transcriptome in live cells and neurons}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Geographic and age variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer. NATURE, 643(8070), 230-240. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Incidence rates of colorectal cancer vary geographically and have changed over time1. Notably, in the past two decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, which affects individuals below 50 years of age, has doubled in many countries2–5. The reasons for this increase are unknown. Here we investigate whether mutational processes contribute to geographic and age-related differences by examining 981 colorectal cancer genomes from 11 countries. No major differences were found in microsatellite-unstable cancers, but variations in mutation burden and signatures were observed in the 802 microsatellite-stable cases. Multiple signatures, most with unknown aetiologies, exhibited varying prevalence in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Russia and Thailand, indicating geographically diverse levels of mutagenic exposure. Signatures SBS88 and ID18, caused by the bacteria-produced mutagen colibactin6,7, had higher mutation loads in countries with higher colorectal cancer incidence rates. SBS88 and ID18 were also enriched in early-onset colorectal cancers, being 3.3 times more common in individuals who were diagnosed before 40 years of age than in those over 70 years of age, and were imprinted early during colorectal cancer development. Colibactin exposure was further linked to APC driver mutations, with ID18 being responsible for about 25% of APC driver indels in colibactin-positive cases. This study reveals geographic and age-related variations in colorectal cancer mutational processes, and suggests that mutagenic exposure to colibactin-producing bacteria in early life may contribute to the increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer. Analysis of genomic data from 981 colorectal cancers from participants in 11 countries reveals variations in mutational signatures of microsatellite-stable cancers that are dependent on geographical origin and age at which the cancer was diagnosed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Díaz-Gay, Marcos and dos Santos, Wellington and Moody, Sarah and Kazachkova, Mariya and Abbasi, Ammal and Steele, Christopher D. and Vangara, Raviteja and Senkin, Sergey and Wang, Jingwei and Fitzgerald, Stephen and Bergstrom, Erik N. and Khandekar, Azhar and Otlu, Burçak and Abedi-Ardekani, Behnoush and de Carvalho, Ana Carolina and Cattiaux, Thomas and Penha, Ricardo Cortez Cardoso and Gaborieau, Valérie and Chopard, Priscilia and Carreira, Christine and Cheema, Saamin and Latimer, Calli and Teague, Jon W. and Mukeriya, Anush and Zaridze, David and Cox, Riley and Albert, Monique and Phouthavongsy, Larry and Gallinger, Steven and Malekzadeh, Reza and Niavarani, Ahmadreza and Miladinov, Marko and Erić, Katarina and Milosavljevic, Sasa and Sangrajrang, Suleeporn and Curado, Maria Paula and Aguiar, Samuel and Reis, Rui Manuel and Reis, Monise Tadin and Romagnolo, Luis Gustavo and Guimarães, Denise Peixoto and Holcatova, Ivana and Kalvach, Jaroslav and Vaccaro, Carlos Alberto and Piñero, Tamara Alejandra and Świątkowska, Beata and Lissowska, Jolanta and Roszkowska-Purska, Katarzyna and Huertas-Salgado, Antonio and Shibata, Tatsuhiro and Shiba, Satoshi and Sangkhathat, Surasak and Chitapanarux, Taned and Roshandel, Gholamreza and Ashton-Prolla, Patricia and Damin, Daniel C. and de Oliveira, Francine Hehn and Humphreys, Laura and Lawley, Trevor D. and Perdomo, Sandra and Stratton, Michael R. and Brennan, Paul and Alexandrov, Ludmil B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09025-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {230-240}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Geographic and age variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glioblastoma-instructed astrocytes suppress tumour-specific t cell immunity. NATURE, 643(8070), 219-229. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer and shows minimal response to therapies. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in glioblastoma contributes to the limited therapeutic response. Astrocytes are abundant in the central nervous system and have important immunoregulatory roles. However, little is known about their role in the immune response to glioblastoma1. Here we used single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of clinical glioblastoma samples and samples from preclinical models, multiplexed immunofluorescence, in vivo CRISPR-based cell-specific genetic perturbations and in vitro mouse and human experimental systems to address this gap in knowledge. We identified an astrocyte subset that limits tumour immunity by inducing T cell apoptosis through the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Moreover, we identified that IL-11 produced by tumour cells is a driver of STAT3-dependent TRAIL expression in astrocytes. Astrocyte signalling through STAT3 and TRAIL expression were associated with a shorter time to recurrence and overall decreased survival in patients with glioblastoma. Genetic inactivation of the IL-11 receptor or TRAIL in astrocytes extended survival in mouse models of glioblastoma and enhanced T cell and macrophage responses. Finally, treatment with an oncolytic HSV-1 virus engineered to express a TRAIL-blocking single-chain antibody in the tumour microenvironment extended survival and enhanced tumour-specific immunity in preclinical models of glioblastoma. In summary, we establish that IL-11–STAT3-driven astrocytes suppress glioblastoma-specific protective immunity by inducing TRAIL-dependent T cell apoptosis, and engineered therapeutic viruses can be used to target this mechanism of astrocyte-driven tumour immunoevasion. A population of TRAIL-positive astrocytes in glioblastoma contributes to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and this mechanism can be targeted with an engineered oncolytic virus to improve outcomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Faust Akl, Camilo and Andersen, Brian M. and Li, Zhaorong and Giovannoni, Federico and Diebold, Martin and Sanmarco, Liliana M. and Kilian, Michael and Fehrenbacher, Luca and Pernin, Florian and Rone, Joseph M. and Lee, Hong-Gyun and Piester, Gavin and Kenison, Jessica E. and Lee, Joon-Hyuk and Illouz, Tomer and Polonio, Carolina M. and Srun, Léna and Martinez, Jazmin and Chung, Elizabeth N. and Schüle, Anton and Plasencia, Agustin and Li, Lucinda and Ferrara, Kylynne and Lewandrowski, Mercedes and Strathdee, Craig A. and Lerner, Lorena and Quéva, Christophe and Clark, Iain C. and Deneen, Benjamin and Lieberman, Judy and Sherr, David H. and Antel, Jack P. and Wheeler, Michael A. and Ligon, Keith L. and Chiocca, E. Antonio and Prinz, Marco and Reardon, David A. and Quintana, Francisco J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08997-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {219-229}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glioblastoma-instructed astrocytes suppress tumour-specific t cell immunity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting symbionts by apolipoprotein l proteins modulates gut immunity. NATURE, 643(8070), 210-218. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mammalian gut harbours trillions of commensal bacteria that interact with their hosts through various bioactive molecules1,2. However, the mutualistic strategies that hosts evolve to benefit from these symbiotic relationships are largely unexplored. Here we report that mouse enterocytes secrete apolipoprotein L9a and b (APOL9a/b) in the presence of microbiota. By integrating flow cytometry sorting of APOL9-binding bacterial taxa with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (APOL9-seq), we identify that APOL9a/b, as well as their human equivalent APOL2, coat gut bacteria belonging to the order of Bacteroidales with a high degree of specificity through commensal ceramide-1-phosphate (Cer1P) lipids. Genetic abolition of ceramide-1-phosphate synthesis pathways in gut-dominant symbiote Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron significantly decreases the binding of APOL9a/b to the bacterium. Instead of lysing the bacterial cells, coating of APOL9a/b induces the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from the target bacteria. Subsequently, the Bacteroides-elicited outer membrane vesicles enhance the host’s interferon-γ signalling to promote major histocompatibility complex class II expression in the intestinal epithelial cells. In mice, the loss of Apol9a/b compromises the gut major histocompatibility complex class II-instructed immune barrier function, leading to early mortality from infection by intestinal pathogens. Our data show how a host-elicited factor benefits gut immunological homeostasis by selectively targeting commensal ceramide molecules. APOL9a/b proteins coat mouse intestinal bacteria with high specificity, and genetic abolition of ceramide-1-phosphate synthesis pathways in the symbiote Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron significantly decreases this binding of APOL9a/b to the bacterium.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Tao and Hu, Xiaohu and Cao, Fei and Yun, Fenglin and Jia, Kaiwen and Zhang, Mingxiang and Kong, Gaohui and Nie, Biyu and Liu, Yuexing and Zhang, Haohao and Li, Xiaoyu and Gao, Hongyan and Shi, Jiantao and Liang, Guanxiang and Hu, Guohong and Kasper, Dennis L. and Song, Xinyang and Qian, Youcun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08990-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {210-218}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting symbionts by apolipoprotein l proteins modulates gut immunity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lithocholic acid binds TULP3 to activate sirtuins and AMPK to slow down ageing. NATURE, 643(8070), 201-209. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lithocholic acid (LCA) is accumulated in mammals during calorie restriction and it can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to slow down ageing1. However, the molecular details of how LCA activates AMPK and induces these biological effects are unclear. Here we show that LCA enhances the activity of sirtuins to deacetylate and subsequently inhibit vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase), which leads to AMPK activation through the lysosomal glucose-sensing pathway. Proteomics analyses of proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) identified TUB-like protein 3 (TULP3), a sirtuin-interacting protein2, as a LCA receptor. In detail, LCA-bound TULP3 allosterically activates sirtuins, which then deacetylate the V1E1 subunit of v-ATPase on residues K52, K99 and K191. Muscle-specific expression of a V1E1 mutant (3KR), which mimics the deacetylated state, strongly activates AMPK and rejuvenates muscles in aged mice. In nematodes and flies, LCA depends on the TULP3 homologues tub-1 and ktub, respectively, to activate AMPK and extend lifespan and healthspan. Our study demonstrates that activation of the TULP3–sirtuin–v-ATPase–AMPK pathway by LCA reproduces the benefits of calorie restriction. The molecular mechanism underlying how lithocholic acid recapitulates the lifespan and healthspan benefits of calorie restriction is revealed to involve TULP3, sirtuins, v-ATPase and AMPK.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qu, Qi and Chen, Yan and Wang, Yu and Wang, Weiche and Long, Shating and Yang, Heng-Ye and Wu, Jianfeng and Li, Mengqi and Tian, Xiao and Wei, Xiaoyan and Liu, Yan-Hui and Xu, Shengrong and Xiong, Jinye and Yang, Chunyan and Wu, Zhenhua and Huang, Xi and Xie, Changchuan and Wu, Yaying and Xu, Zheni and Zhang, Cixiong and Zhang, Baoding and Feng, Jin-Wei and Chen, Junjie and Feng, Yuanji and Fang, Huapan and Lin, Liyun and Xie, ZK and Sun, Beibei and Tian, Huayu and Yu, Yong and Piao, Hai-Long and Xie, Xiao-Song and Deng, Xianming and Zhang, Chen-Song and Lin, Sheng-Cai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08348-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {201-209}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lithocholic acid binds TULP3 to activate sirtuins and AMPK to slow down ageing}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. NATURE, 643(8070), 192-200. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention used to promote health and longevity1,2. CR causes various metabolic changes in both the production and the circulation of metabolites1; however, it remains unclear which altered metabolites account for the physiological benefits of CR. Here we use metabolomics to analyse metabolites that exhibit changes in abundance during CR and perform subsequent functional validation. We show that lithocholic acid (LCA) is one of the metabolites that alone can recapitulate the effects of CR in mice. These effects include activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), enhancement of muscle regeneration and rejuvenation of grip strength and running capacity. LCA also activates AMPK and induces life-extending and health-extending effects in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. As C. elegans and D. melanogaster are not able to synthesize LCA, these results indicate that these animals are able to transmit the signalling effects of LCA once administered. Knockout of AMPK abrogates LCA-induced phenotypes in all the three animal models. Together, we identify that administration of the CR-mediated upregulated metabolite LCA alone can confer anti-ageing benefits to metazoans in an AMPK-dependent manner. Lithocholic acid is one of the metabolites upregulated during calorie restriction, and treatment of mice, worms and flies with this bile acid alone can reproduce the health benefits of calorie restriction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qu, Qi and Chen, Yan and Wang, Yu and Long, Shating and Wang, Weiche and Yang, Heng-Ye and Li, Mengqi and Tian, Xiao and Wei, Xiaoyan and Liu, Yan-Hui and Xu, Shengrong and Zhang, Cixiong and Zhu, Mingxia and Lam, Sin Man and Wu, Jianfeng and Yun, Chuyu and Chen, Junjie and Xue, Shengye and Zhang, Baoding and Zheng, Zhong-Zheng and Piao, Hai-Long and Jiang, Changtao and Guo, Hao and Shui, Guanghou and Deng, Xianming and Zhang, Chen-Song and Lin, Sheng-Cai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08329-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {192-200}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ischaemic endothelial necroptosis induces haemolysis and COVID-19 angiopathy. NATURE, 643(8070), 182-191. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Microangiopathy is a major complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and contributes to the acute and chronic complications of the disease1. Endotheliopathy and dysregulated blood coagulation are prominent in COVID-19 and are considered to be major causes of microvascular obstruction1,2. Here we demonstrate extensive endothelial cell (EC) death in the microvasculature of COVID-19 organs. Notably, EC death was not associated with fibrin formation or platelet deposition, but was linked to microvascular red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis. Importantly, this RBC microangiopathy was associated with ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and was prominent in the microvasculature of humans with myocardial infarction, gut ischaemia, stroke, and septic and cardiogenic shock. Mechanistically, ischaemia induced MLKL-dependent EC necroptosis and complement-dependent RBC haemolysis. Deposition of haemolysed RBC membranes at sites of EC death resulted in the development of a previously unrecognized haemostatic mechanism preventing microvascular bleeding. Exaggeration of this haemolytic response promoted RBC aggregation and microvascular obstruction. Genetic deletion of Mlkl from ECs decreased RBC haemolysis, microvascular obstruction and reduced ischaemic organ injury. Our studies demonstrate the existence of a RBC haemostatic mechanism induced by dying ECs, functioning independently of platelets and fibrin. Therapeutic targeting of this haemolytic process may reduce microvascular obstruction in COVID-19, and other major human diseases associated with organ ischaemia. A red blood cell haemostatic mechanism induced by dying ECs functions independently of platelets and fibrin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Mike C. L. and Italiano, Ethan and Jarvis-Child, Rocko and Alwis, Imala and Smythe, Rhyll and Albornoz, Eduardo A. and Noonan, Jonathan and Portelli, Marie and Baptista, Marissa and Maclean, Jessica and Noori, Pashtana and Yang, Jinglu and Lee, John D. and McFadyen, James D. and Sharland, Alexandra F. and Woodruff, Trent M. and Samson, Andre L. and Rapkiewicz, Amy and Barrett, Tessa J. and Pham, Alan and Schoenwaelder, Simone M. and Yuan, Yuping and Jackson, Shaun P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09076-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {182-191}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ischaemic endothelial necroptosis induces haemolysis and COVID-19 angiopathy}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Regulation of PV interneuron plasticity by neuropeptide-encoding genes. NATURE, 643(8070), 173-181. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuronal activity must be regulated in a narrow permissive band for the proper operation of neural networks. Changes in synaptic connectivity and network activity—for example, during learning—might disturb this balance, eliciting compensatory mechanisms to maintain network function1–3. In the neocortex, excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons exhibit robust forms of stabilizing plasticity. However, although neuronal plasticity has been thoroughly studied in pyramidal cells4–8, little is known about how interneurons adapt to persistent changes in their activity. Here we describe a critical cellular process through which cortical parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons adapt to changes in their activity levels. We found that changes in the activity of individual PV+ interneurons drive bidirectional compensatory adjustments of the number and strength of inhibitory synapses received by these cells, specifically from other PV+ interneurons. High-throughput profiling of ribosome-associated mRNA revealed that increasing the activity of a PV+ interneuron leads to upregulation of two genes encoding multiple secreted neuropeptides: Vgf and Scg2. Functional experiments demonstrated that VGF is critically required for the activity-dependent scaling of inhibitory PV+ synapses onto PV+ interneurons. Our findings reveal an instructive role for neuropeptide-encoding genes in regulating synaptic connections among PV+ interneurons in the adult mouse neocortex. Increasing the activity of individual parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the mouse brain modulates the number and strength of inhibitory parvalbumin synapses received by these cells through changes in the expression of the neuropeptide-encoding genes Vgf and Scg2.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Selten, Martijn and Bernard, Clémence and Mukherjee, Diptendu and Hamid, Fursham and Hanusz-Godoy, Alicia and Oozeer, Fazal and Zimmer, Christoph and Marín, Oscar}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08933-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {173-181}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Regulation of PV interneuron plasticity by neuropeptide-encoding genes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Comparative connectomics of drosophila descending and ascending neurons. NATURE, 643(8070), 158-172. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In most complex nervous systems there is a clear anatomical separation between the nerve cord, which contains most of the final motor outputs necessary for behaviour, and the brain. In insects, the neck connective is both a physical and an information bottleneck connecting the brain and the ventral nerve cord (an analogue of the spinal cord) and comprises diverse populations of descending neurons (DNs), ascending neurons (ANs) and sensory ascending neurons, which are crucial for sensorimotor signalling and control. Here, by integrating three separate electron microscopy (EM) datasets1–4, we provide a complete connectomic description of the ANs and DNs of the Drosophila female nervous system and compare them with neurons of the male nerve cord. Proofread neuronal reconstructions are matched across hemispheres, datasets and sexes. Crucially, we also match 51% of DN cell types to light-level data5 defining specific driver lines, as well as classifying all ascending populations. We use these results to reveal the anatomical and circuit logic of neck connective neurons. We observe connected chains of DNs and ANs spanning the neck, which may subserve motor sequences. We provide a complete description of sexually dimorphic DN and AN populations, with detailed analyses of selected circuits for reproductive behaviours, including male courtship6 (DNa12; also known as aSP22) and song production7 (AN neurons from hemilineage 08B) and female ovipositor extrusion8 (DNp13). Our work provides EM-level circuit analyses that span the entire central nervous system of an adult animal. Three electron microscopy datasets are combined to provide a complete connectomic description of the neural circuitry that makes up the neck connective in Drosophila, including the descending neurons, ascending neurons and sensory ascending neurons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stürner, Tomke and Brooks, Paul and Serratosa Capdevila, Laia and Morris, Billy J. and Javier, Alexandre and Fang, Siqi and Gkantia, Marina and Cachero, Sebastian and Beckett, Isabella R. and Marin, Elizabeth C. and Schlegel, Philipp and Champion, Andrew S. and Moitra, Ilina and Richards, Alana and Klemm, Finja and Kugel, Leonie and Namiki, Shigehiro and Cheong, Han S. J. and Kovalyak, Julie and Tenshaw, Emily and Parekh, Ruchi and Phelps, Jasper S. and Mark, Brandon and Dorkenwald, Sven and Bates, Alexander S. and Matsliah, Arie and Yu, Szi-chieh and McKellar, Claire E. and Sterling, Amy and Seung, H. Sebastian and Murthy, Mala and Tuthill, John C. and Lee, Wei-Chung Allen and Card, Gwyneth M. and Costa, Marta and Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E. and Eichler, Katharina}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08925-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {158-172}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Comparative connectomics of drosophila descending and ascending neurons}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bimodal centromeres in pentaploid dogroses shed light on their unique meiosis. NATURE, 643(8070), 148-157. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sexual reproduction relies on meiotic chromosome pairing to form bivalents, a process that is complicated in polyploids owing to the presence of multiple subgenomes1. Uneven ploidy mostly results in sterility due to unbalanced chromosome pairing and segregation during meiosis. However, pentaploid dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae; 2n = 5x = 35) achieve stable sexual reproduction through a unique mechanism: 14 chromosomes form bivalents and are transmitted biparentally, while the remaining 21 chromosomes are maternally inherited as univalents2,3. Despite being studied for over a century, the role of centromeres in this process has remained unclear. Here we analyse haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome assemblies for three pentaploid dogroses. Subgenome phasing revealed a bivalent-forming subgenome with two highly homozygous chromosome sets and three divergent subgenomes lacking homologous partners, therefore explaining their meiotic behaviour. Comparative analyses of chromosome synteny, phylogenetic relationships and centromere composition indicate that the subgenomes originated from two divergent clades of the genus Rosa. Pollen genome analysis shows that subgenomes from different evolutionary origins form bivalents, supporting multiple origins of dogroses and highlighting variation in subgenome contributions. We reveal that bivalent-forming centromeres are enriched with ATHILA retrotransposons, contrasting with larger tandem-repeat-based centromeres mainly found in univalents. This centromere structural bimodality possibly contributes to univalent drive during female meiosis. Our findings provide insights into the unique reproductive strategies of dogroses, advancing our understanding of genome evolution, centromere diversity and meiotic mechanisms in organisms with asymmetrical inheritance systems. Insights into the dogrose genome and centromeres explain their ability to achieve stable sexual reproduction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Herklotz, V. and Zhang, M. and Nascimento, T. and Kalfusová, R. and Lunerová, J. and Fuchs, J. and Harpke, D. and Huettel, B. and Pfordt, U. and Wissemann, V. and Kovařík, A. and Marques, A. and Ritz, C. M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09171-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {148-157}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bimodal centromeres in pentaploid dogroses shed light on their unique meiosis}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no levantine ancestors. NATURE, 643(8070), 139-147. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The maritime Phoenician civilization from the Levant transformed the entire Mediterranean during the first millennium bce1–3. However, the extent of human movement between the Levantine Phoenician homeland and Phoenician–Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean has been unclear in the absence of comprehensive ancient DNA studies. Here, we generated genome-wide data for 210 individuals, including 196 from 14 sites traditionally identified as Phoenician and Punic in the Levant, North Africa, Iberia, Sicily, Sardinia and Ibiza, and an early Iron Age individual from Algeria. Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce, despite abundant archaeological evidence of cultural, historical, linguistic and religious links4. Instead, these inheritors of Levantine Phoenician culture derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean. Much of the remaining ancestry originated from North Africa, reflecting the growing influence of Carthage5. However, this was a minority contributor of ancestry in all of the sampled sites, including in Carthage itself. Different Punic sites across the central and western Mediterranean show similar patterns of high genetic diversity. We also detect genetic relationships across the Mediterranean, reflecting shared demographic processes that shaped the Punic world. Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce; instead, the Punic people derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean, with notable contributions from North Africa as well.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ringbauer, Harald and Salman-Minkov, Ayelet and Regev, Dalit and Olalde, Iñigo and Peled, Tomer and Sineo, Luca and Falsone, Gioacchino and van Dommelen, Peter and Mittnik, Alissa and Lazaridis, Iosif and Pettener, Davide and Bofill, Maria and Mezquida, Ana and Costa, Benjamí and Jiménez, Helena and Smith, Patricia and Vai, Stefania and Modi, Alessandra and Shaus, Arie and Callan, Kim and Curtis, Elizabeth and Kearns, Aisling and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Stewardson, Kristin and Workman, J. Noah and Márquez-Grant, Nicholas and Sáez Romero, Antonio M. and Lavado Florido, María Luisa and Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel and Toro Moyano, Isidro Jorge and Viguera, Enrique and Padilla, José Suárez and Chamizo, Sonia López and Marques-Bonet, Tomas and Lizano, Esther and Riaza, Alicia Rodero and Olivieri, Francesca and Toti, Pamela and Giuliana, Valentina and Barash, Alon and Carmel, Liran and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Faerman, Marina and Lucci, Michaela and La Pastina, Francesco and Nava, Alessia and Genchi, Francesco and Del Vais, Carla and Lauria, Gabriele and Meli, Francesca and Sconzo, Paola and Catalano, Giulio and Cilli, Elisabetta and Fariselli, Anna Chiara and Fontani, Francesco and Luiselli, Donata and Culleton, Brendan J. and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Nigro, Lorenzo and Coppa, Alfredo and Caramelli, David and Pinhasi, Ron and Lalueza-Fox, Carles and Gronau, Ilan and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08913-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {139-147}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no levantine ancestors}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One-carbon homologation of alkenes. NATURE, 643(8070), 130-138. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One-carbon homologues are structurally related and functionally identical organic molecules whose chain lengths differ by a single methylene (–CH2–) unit1. Across many classes of molecule—including pharmaceutical agents, natural products, agrochemicals, fragrances and petroleum products—the physicochemical characteristics exhibited by members of a homologous series subtly differ from one compound to another, which can impart remarkable differences to their function2. The efficient generation of homologues is, therefore, an important strategy in molecular discovery programmes3,4. Despite the availability of homologation strategies for several functional groups5,6, direct and general methods for one-carbon chain extension in alkenes remain an unmet synthetic need7,8. Here we report a catalytic one-carbon homologation process that is effective for many classes of alkene in simple and complex molecules. By leveraging the intrinsic reactivity of a new multifaceted allylsulfone reagent, a streamlined one-pot process, involving cross-metathesis and a fragmentation–retro-ene cascade, formally inserts a single methylene unit into the alkene chain. Among the applications of this process to several structurally and functionally complex molecules, we demonstrate how this practical transformation generates previously unexplored homologues of cyclosporine A9. These homologues exhibit modulated pharmacological and biological properties and could provide promising leads as cyclophilin inhibitors, a target that has great potential in many disease areas10. A new method for extending alkenes by one or two carbons is shown to be useful in attenuating the immunosuppressive properties of a medicine, making it potentially applicable for targeting disease areas where immunosuppresion is unwanted.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Grocott, Marcus C. and Gaunt, Matthew J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09159-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {130-138}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One-carbon homologation of alkenes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Soft magnetic hysteresis in a dysprosium amide–alkene complex up to 100 kelvin. NATURE, 643(8070), 125-129. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lanthanides have shown magnetic memory at both the atomic1,2 and molecular3,4 level. The magnetic remanence temperatures of lanthanide single-molecule magnets can surpass d-transition metal examples5,6, and since 2017, energy barriers to magnetic reversal (Ueff) from 1,237(28) cm–1 to 1,631(25) cm–1 and open magnetic hysteresis loops between 40 K and 80 K have typically been achieved with axial dysprosium(III) bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes7–17. It has been predicted that linear dysprosium(III) compounds could deliver greater mJ (the projection of the total angular momentum, J, on a quantization axis labelled z) state splitting and therefore higher Ueff and hysteresis temperatures18–21, but as lanthanide bonding is predominantly ionic22,23, so far dysprosium bis(amide) complexes have shown highly bent geometries that promote fast magnetic reversal24,25. Here we report a dysprosium bis(amide)–alkene complex, [Dy{N(SiiPr3)[Si(iPr)2C(CH3)=CHCH3]}{N(SiiPr3)(SiiPr2Et)}][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (1-Dy), that shows Ueff = 1,843(11) cm–1 and slow closing of soft magnetic hysteresis loops up to 100 K. Calculations show that the Ueff value for 1-Dy arises from the charge-dense amide ligands, with a pendant alkene taking a structural role to enforce a large N–Dy–N angle while imposing only a weak equatorial interaction. This leads to molecular spin dynamics up to 100 times slower than the current best single-molecule magnets above 90 K. A dysprosium amide–alkene complex shows soft magnetic hysteresis loops up to 100 kelvin, arising from the high charge density of the amide ligands and the structural role of the pendant alkene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Emerson-King, Jack and Gransbury, Gemma K. and Atkinson, Benjamin E. and Blackmore, William J. A. and Whitehead, George F. S. and Chilton, Nicholas F. and Mills, David P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09138-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {125-129}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Soft magnetic hysteresis in a dysprosium amide–alkene complex up to 100 kelvin}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Machine-learning design of ductile FeNiCoAlTa alloys with high strength. NATURE, 643(8070), 119-124. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The pursuit of strong yet ductile alloys has been ongoing for centuries. However, for all alloys developed thus far, including recent high-entropy alloys, those possessing good tensile ductility rarely approach 2-GPa yield strength at room temperature. The few that do are mostly ultra-strong steels1–3; however, their stress–strain curves exhibit plateaus and serrations because their tensile flow suffers from plastic instability (such as Lüders strains)1–4, and the elongation is pseudo-uniform at best. Here we report that a group of carefully engineered multi-principal-element alloys, with a composition of Fe35Ni29Co21Al12Ta3 designed by means of domain knowledge-informed machine learning, can be processed to reach an unprecedented range of simultaneously high strength and ductility. An example of this synergy delivers 1.8-GPa yield strength combined with 25% truly uniform elongation. We achieved strengthening by pushing microstructural heterogeneities to the extreme through unusually large volume fractions of not only coherent L12 nanoprecipitates but also incoherent B2 microparticles. The latter, being multicomponent with a reduced chemical ordering energy, is a deformable phase that accumulates dislocations inside to help sustain a high strain hardening rate that prolongs uniform elongation. A new group of multi-principal-element alloys, designed through machine learning and extreme microstructural heterogeneities, achieve high strength (1.8-GPa yield strength) and ductility (25% uniform elongation) at room temperature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sohail, Yasir and Zhang, Chongle and Xue, Dezhen and Zhang, Jinyu and Zhang, Dongdong and Gao, Shaohua and Yang, Yang and Fan, Xiaoxuan and Zhang, Hang and Liu, Gang and Sun, Jun and Ma, En}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09160-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {119-124}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Machine-learning design of ductile FeNiCoAlTa alloys with high strength}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cost-effective all-in-one halide material for all-solid-state batteries. NATURE, 643(8070), 111-118. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {All-solid-state batteries require advanced cathode designs to realize their potential for high energy density and economic viability1–3. Integrated all-in-one cathodes, which eliminate inactive conductive additives and heterogeneous interfaces, hold promise for substantial energy and stability gains but are hindered by materials lacking sufficient Li+/e− conductivity, mechanical robustness and structural stability4–14. Here we present Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4, a cost-effective halide material that overcomes these challenges. Leveraging reversible Fe2+/Fe3+ redox and rapid Li+/e− transport within its framework, Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 achieves an electrode energy density of 529.3 Wh kg−1 versus Li+/Li. Critically, Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 shows unique dynamic properties during cycling, including reversible local Fe migration and a brittle-to-ductile transition that confers self-healing behaviour. This enables exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 90% capacity retention for 3,000 cycles at a rate of 5 C. Integration of Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 with a nickel-rich layered oxide further increases the energy density to 725.6 Wh kg−1. By harnessing the advantageous dynamic mechanical and diffusion properties of all-in-one halides, this work establishes all-in-one halides as an avenue for energy-dense, durable cathodes in next-generation all-solid-state batteries. A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fu, Jiamin and Wang, Changhong and Wang, Shuo and Reid, Joel W. and Liang, Jianwen and Luo, Jing and Kim, Jung Tae and Zhao, Yang and Yang, Xiaofei and Zhao, Feipeng and Li, Weihan and Fu, Bolin and Lin, Xiaoting and Hu, Yang and Su, Han and Hao, Xiaoge and Gao, Yingjie and Zhang, Shutao and Wang, Ziqing and Liu, Jue and Abdolvand, Hamid and Sham, Tsun-Kong and Mo, Yifei and Sun, Xueliang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09153-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {111-118}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cost-effective all-in-one halide material for all-solid-state batteries}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Efficient near-infrared harvesting in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells. NATURE, 643(8070), 104-110. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The broad bandgap tunability of both perovskites and organic semiconductors enables the development of perovskite–organic tandem solar cells with promising theoretical efficiency. However, the certified efficiencies of reported perovskite–organic tandem solar cells remain lower than those of single-junction perovskite solar cells, primarily because of insufficient near-infrared photocurrent in narrow-bandgap organic subcells1–3. Here we design and synthesize an asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), P2EH-1V, featuring a unilateral conjugated π-bridge to reduce the optical bandgap to 1.27 eV while maintaining ideal exciton dissociation and nanomorphology. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirms efficient hole transfer from P2EH-1V to the donor PM6. Devices based on P2EH-1V exhibit reduced non-radiative voltage losses of 0.20 eV without compromising charge-generation efficiency. We achieve a 17.9% efficiency for the organic bottom cell, with a high short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.60 mA cm−2. Furthermore, we minimize interface recombination losses, enabling the perovskite top cell to achieve an impressive open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.37 V and a fill factor (FF) of 85.5%. These advancements result in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells achieving a record efficiency of 26.7% (certified at 26.4%) over an aperture area greater than 1 cm2. A new asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, P2EH-1V, is designed and synthesized for constructing devices demonstrating record-high efficiencies of 26.7% (certified at 26.4%) over an aperture area greater than 1 cm2 in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Zhenrong and Guo, Xiao and Yin, Xinxing and Sun, Ming and Qiao, Jiawei and Jiang, Xinyu and Wang, Xi and Wang, Yuduan and Dong, Zijing and Shi, Zhuojie and Kuan, Chun-Hsiao and Hu, Jingcong and Zhou, Qilin and Jia, Xiangkun and Chen, Jinxi and Wei, Zhouyin and Liu, Shunchang and Liang, Haoming and Li, Nengxu and Lee, Ling Kai and Guo, Renjun and Roth, Stephan V. and Müller-Buschbaum, Peter and Hao, Xiaotao and Du, Xiaoyan and Hou, Yi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09181-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {104-110}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Efficient near-infrared harvesting in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Weakly space-confined all-inorganic perovskites for light-emitting diodes. NATURE, 643(8070), 96-103. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metal halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs)1–4. Spatially confining charge carriers using nanocrystal/quantum dots5–9, low-dimensional perovskites10–13 and ultrathin perovskite layers14 have all been used to improve the external quantum efficiency of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). However, most strongly space-confined perovskites suffer from severe Auger recombination, ion migration and thermal instability, resulting in limited brightness and operational lifetime6,7,10–12,14–17. Here, we report an alternative strategy based on weakly space-confined, large-grained crystals of all-inorganic perovskite. Sacrificial additives, namely, hypophosphorous acid and ammonium chloride, were used to induce nucleation and crystallization of caesium lead bromide, resulting in monocrystal grains with minimized trap density and a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Benefiting from the high carrier mobility and suppressed Auger recombination, we obtained efficient PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency reaching 22.0%, which remained above 20% at a high current density near 1,000 mA cm−2 and a brightness of over 1,167,000 cd m−2. Furthermore, benefiting from the suppressed ion migration and better thermal stability, the extrapolated half-lifetime of the weakly space-confined PeLEDs increased to 185,600 h under an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2 at room temperature. Our work is a new approach for designing efficient, bright and stable PeLEDs for real applications. Weakly space-confined, large-grained crystals of all-inorganic perovskite were used to fabricate light-emitting diodes with a high external quantum efficiency and operational stability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peng, Chenchen and Yao, Haitao and Ali, Othman and Chen, Wenjing and Yang, Yingguo and Huang, Zongming and Liu, Hui and Li, Jianyu and Chen, Tao and Li, Zhijian and Sun, Mei and Zhou, Hongmin and Tao, Xiangru and Wang, Nana and Wang, Jianpu and Xiao, Zhengguo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09137-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {96-103}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Weakly space-confined all-inorganic perovskites for light-emitting diodes}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Controlling diverse robots by inferring jacobian fields with deep networks. NATURE, 643(8070), 89-95. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mirroring the complex structures and diverse functions of natural organisms is a long-standing challenge in robotics1–4. Modern fabrication techniques have greatly expanded the feasible hardware5–8, but using these systems requires control software to translate the desired motions into actuator commands. Conventional robots can easily be modelled as rigid links connected by joints, but it remains an open challenge to model and control biologically inspired robots that are often soft or made of several materials, lack sensing capabilities and may change their material properties with use9–12. Here, we introduce a method that uses deep neural networks to map a video stream of a robot to its visuomotor Jacobian field (the sensitivity of all 3D points to the robot’s actuators). Our method enables the control of robots from only a single camera, makes no assumptions about the robots’ materials, actuation or sensing, and is trained without expert intervention by observing the execution of random commands. We demonstrate our method on a diverse set of robot manipulators that vary in actuation, materials, fabrication and cost. Our approach achieves accurate closed-loop control and recovers the causal dynamic structure of each robot. Because it enables robot control using a generic camera as the only sensor, we anticipate that our work will broaden the design space of robotic systems and serve as a starting point for lowering the barrier to robotic automation. An approach that learns models of robots from video capture can predict the 3D motion outcomes of motor commands, enabling accurate control of a range of soft, biologically inspired robots from a single video camera.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Sizhe Lester and Zhang, Annan and Chen, Boyuan and Matusik, Hanna and Liu, Chao and Rus, Daniela and Sitzmann, Vincent}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09170-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {89-95}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Controlling diverse robots by inferring jacobian fields with deep networks}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters by machine learning. NATURE, 643(8070), 80-88. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Thermal nanophotonics enables fundamental breakthroughs across technological applications from energy technology to information processing1–11. From thermal emitters to thermophotovoltaics and thermal camouflage, precise spectral engineering has been bottlenecked by trial-and-error approaches. Concurrently, machine learning has demonstrated its powerful capabilities in the design of nanophotonic and meta-materials12–18. However, it remains a considerable challenge to develop a general design methodology for tailoring high-performance nanophotonic emitters with ultrabroadband control and precise band selectivity, as they are constrained by predefined geometries and materials, local optimization traps and traditional algorithms. Here we propose an unconventional machine learning-based paradigm that can design a multitude of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters by realizing multiparameter optimization with sparse data that encompasses three-dimensional structural complexity and material diversity. Our framework enables dual design capabilities: (1) it automates the inverse design of a vast number of possible metastructure and material combinations for spectral tailoring; (2) it has an unprecedented ability to design various three-dimensional meta-emitters by applying a three-plane modelling method that transcends the limitations of traditional, flat, two-dimensional structures. We present seven proof-of-concept meta-emitters that exhibit superior optical and radiative cooling performance surpassing current state-of-the-art designs. We provide a generalizable framework for fabricating three-dimensional nanophotonic materials, which facilitates global optimization through expanded geometric freedom and dimensionality and a comprehensive materials database. An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiao, Chengyu and Liu, Mengqi and Yao, Kan and Zhang, Yifan and Zhang, Mengqi and Yan, Max and Sun, Ya and Liu, Xianghui and Cui, Xuanyu and Fan, Tongxiang and Zhao, Changying and Hua, Wansu and Ying, Yinqiao and Zheng, Yuebing and Zhang, Di and Qiu, Cheng-Wei and Zhou, Han}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09102-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {80-88}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters by machine learning}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Computer-vision research powers surveillance technology. NATURE, 643(8070), 73-79. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An increasing number of scholars, policymakers and grassroots communities argue that artificial intelligence (AI) research—and computer-vision research in particular—has become the primary source for developing and powering mass surveillance1–7. Yet, the pathways from computer vision to surveillance continue to be contentious. Here we present an empirical account of the nature and extent of the surveillance AI pipeline, showing extensive evidence of the close relationship between the field of computer vision and surveillance. Through an analysis of computer-vision research papers and citing patents, we found that most of these documents enable the targeting of human bodies and body parts. Comparing the 1990s to the 2010s, we observed a fivefold increase in the number of these computer-vision papers linked to downstream surveillance-enabling patents. Additionally, our findings challenge the notion that only a few rogue entities enable surveillance. Rather, we found that the normalization of targeting humans permeates the field. This normalization is especially striking given patterns of obfuscation. We reveal obfuscating language that allows documents to avoid direct mention of targeting humans, for example, by normalizing the referring to of humans as ‘objects’ to be studied without special consideration. Our results indicate the extensive ties between computer-vision research and surveillance. An analysis of research papers and citing patents indicates the extensive ties between computer-vision research and surveillance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalluri, Pratyusha Ria and Agnew, William and Cheng, Myra and Owens, Kentrell and Soldaini, Luca and Birhane, Abeba}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08972-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {73-79}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Computer-vision research powers surveillance technology}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Energy–speed relationship of quantum particles challenges bohmian mechanics. NATURE, 643(8070), 67-72. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Classical mechanics characterizes the kinetic energy of a particle, the energy it holds due to its motion, as consistently positive. By contrast, quantum mechanics describes the motion of particles using wave functions, in which regions of negative local kinetic energy can emerge1. This phenomenon occurs when the amplitude of the wave function experiences notable decay, typically associated with quantum tunnelling. Here, we investigate the quantum mechanical motion of particles in a system of two coupled waveguides, in which the population transfer between the waveguides acts as a clock, allowing particle speeds along the waveguide axis to be determined. By applying this scheme to exponentially decaying quantum states at a reflective potential step, we determine an energy–speed relationship for particles with negative local kinetic energy. We find that the smaller the energy of the particles—in other words, the more negative the local kinetic energy—the higher the measured speed inside the potential step. Our findings contribute to the ongoing tunnelling time debate2–6 and can be viewed as a test of Bohmian trajectories in quantum mechanics7–9. Regarding the latter, we find that the measured energy–speed relationship does not align with the particle dynamics postulated by the guiding equation in Bohmian mechanics. The study of the relationship between particle speed and negative kinetic energy, arising in regions in which, according to classical mechanics, particles are not allowed to enter, reveals behaviour that appears to contradict the predictions of Bohmian mechanics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharoglazova, Violetta and Puplauskis, Marius and Mattschas, Charlie and Toebes, Chris and Klaers, Jan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09099-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {67-72}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Energy–speed relationship of quantum particles challenges bohmian mechanics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Carbonate formation and fluctuating habitability on mars. NATURE, 643(8070), 60-66. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The cause of Mars’s loss of surface habitability is unclear, with isotopic data suggesting a ‘missing sink’ of carbonate1. Past climates with surface and shallow-subsurface liquid water are recorded by Mars’s sedimentary rocks, including strata in the approximately 4-km-thick record at Gale Crater2. Those waters were intermittent, spatially patchy and discontinuous, and continued remarkably late in Mars’s history3—attributes that can be understood if, as on Earth, sedimentary-rock formation sequestered carbon dioxide as abundant carbonate (recently confirmed in situ at Gale4). Here we show that a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation can explain the existence of intermittent Martian oases. In our model, increasing solar luminosity promoted the stability of liquid water, which in turn formed carbonate, reduced the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide and limited liquid water5. Chaotic orbital forcing modulated wet–dry cycles. The negative feedback restricted liquid water to oases and Mars self-regulated as a desert planet. We model snowmelt as the water source, but the feedback can also work with groundwater as the water source. Model output suggests that Gale faithfully records the expected primary episodes of liquid water stability in the surface and near-surface environment. Eventually, atmospheric thickness approaches water’s triple point, curtailing the sustained stability of liquid water and thus habitability in the surface environment. We assume that the carbonate content found at Gale is representative, and as a result we present a testable idea rather than definitive evidence. A modelling study suggests that Mars had a desert-like climate with intermittent liquid-water oases regulated by a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kite, Edwin S. and Tutolo, Benjamin M. and Turner, Madison L. and Franz, Heather B. and Burtt, David G. and Bristow, Thomas F. and Fischer, Woodward W. and Milliken, Ralph E. and Fraeman, Abigail A. and Zhou, Daniel Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09161-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {60-66}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Carbonate formation and fluctuating habitability on mars}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The somatic mosaicism across human tissues network. NATURE, 643(8070), 47-59. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From fertilization onwards, the cells of the human body acquire variations in their DNA sequence, known as somatic mutations. These postzygotic mutations arise from intrinsic errors in DNA replication and repair, as well as from exposure to mutagens. Somatic mutations have been implicated in some diseases, but a fundamental understanding of the frequency, type and patterns of mutations across healthy human tissues has been limited. This is primarily due to the small proportion of cells harbouring specific somatic variants within an individual, making them more challenging to detect than inherited variants. Here we describe the Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network, which aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mutations and their clonal patterns across 19 different tissue sites from 150 non-diseased donors and develop new technologies and computational tools to detect somatic mutations and assess their phenotypic consequences, including clonal expansions. This strategy enables a comprehensive examination of the mutational landscape across the human body, and provides a comparison baseline for somatic mutation in diseases. This will lead to a deep understanding of somatic mutations and clonal expansions across the lifespan, as well as their roles in health, in ageing and, by comparison, in diseases. The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Coorens, Tim H. H. and Oh, Ji Won and Choi, Yujin Angelina and Lim, Nam Seop and Zhao, Boxun and Voshall, Adam and Abyzov, Alexej and Antonacci-Fulton, Lucinda and Aparicio, Samuel and Ardlie, Kristin G. and Bell, Thomas J. and Bennett, James T. and Bernstein, Bradley E. and Blanchard, Thomas G. and Boyle, Alan P. and Buenrostro, Jason D. and Burns, Kathleen H. and Chen, Fei and Chen, Rui and Choudhury, Sangita and Doddapaneni, Harsha V. and Eichler, Evan E. and Evrony, Gilad D. and Faith, Melissa A. and Fazzio, Thomas G. and Fulton, Robert S. and Garber, Manuel and Gehlenborg, Nils and Germer, Soren and Getz, Gad and Gibbs, Richard A. and Hernandez, Raquel G. and Jin, Fulai and Korbel, Jan O. and Landau, Dan A. and Lawson, Heather A. and Lennon, Niall J. and Li, Heng and Li, Yan and Loh, Po-Ru and Marth, Gabor and McConnell, Michael J. and Mills, Ryan E. and Montgomery, Stephen B. and Natarajan, Pradeep and Park, Peter J. and Satija, Rahul and Sedlazeck, Fritz J. and Shao, Diane D. and Shen, Hui and Stergachis, Andrew B. and Underhill, Hunter R. and Urban, Alexander E. and VonDran, Melissa W. and Walsh, Christopher A. and Wang, Ting and Wu, Tao P. and Zong, Chenghang and Lee, Eunjung Alice and Vaccarino, Flora M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09096-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {47-59}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The somatic mosaicism across human tissues network}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Iron deficiency in pregnant mice causes XY embryos to develop with female characteristics. NATURE, 643(8070), 45-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In mice, a lack of maternal iron impairs an iron-dependent enzyme that activates the male sex-determining gene, causing some XY embryos to develop ovaries. In mice, a lack of maternal iron impairs an iron-dependent enzyme that activates the male sex-determining gene, causing some XY embryos to develop ovaries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dupont, Shannon and Capel, Blanche}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01456-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {45-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Iron deficiency in pregnant mice causes XY embryos to develop with female characteristics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sticky membranes of dead red blood cells obstruct small vessels. NATURE, 643(8070), 44-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Damage to the vascular lining leads to interactions with red blood cells that hint at how to treat dangerous complications of heart attack, stroke and COVID-19. Damage to the vascular lining leads to interactions with red blood cells that hint at how to treat dangerous complications of heart attack, stroke and COVID-19.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Iffrig, Elizabeth and Lam, Wilbur A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01457-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {44-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sticky membranes of dead red blood cells obstruct small vessels}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deciphering how dog roses with an odd chromosome copy number sexually reproduce. NATURE, 643(8070), 42-43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most sexually reproducing species have an even chromosome copy number, but the dog rose does not. What explains its unusual pattern of chromosome inheritance? Most sexually reproducing species have an even chromosome copy number, but the dog rose does not. What explains its unusual pattern of chromosome inheritance?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonzalo, Adrián and Fernandes, Joiselle B.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02048-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {42-43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deciphering how dog roses with an odd chromosome copy number sexually reproduce}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Computer-vision research is hiding its role in creating ‘Big brother’ technologies. NATURE, 643(8070), 41-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Technologies that can interpret imagery have many potential applications. An innovative study of papers and patents in the field suggests one use case that overrides the others: human surveillance. Technologies that can interpret imagery have many potential applications. An innovative study of papers and patents in the field suggests one use case that overrides the others: human surveillance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sadowski, Jathan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01454-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {41-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Computer-vision research is hiding its role in creating ‘Big brother’ technologies}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Natural nappers: Monitoring the sleeping patterns of wild orangutans. NATURE, 643(8070), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How being near to other orangutans affects the duration of sleep. How being near to other orangutans affects the duration of sleep.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abraham, Mary}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02047-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Natural nappers: Monitoring the sleeping patterns of wild orangutans}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A bile acid could explain how calorie restriction slows ageing. NATURE, 643(8070), 38-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Could lithocholic acid, a compound produced when gut bacteria process bile, be the missing link between a low-calorie diet and its age-defying effects? Experiments in mice, flies and nematode worms provide clues. Lithocholic acid might mediate calorie restriction’s health benefits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sinclair, David A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04062-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {38-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A bile acid could explain how calorie restriction slows ageing}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tunnelling photons challenge interpretation of quantum mechanics. NATURE, 643(8070), 37-38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Measurements with confined photons challenge a prediction that particles that ‘quantum tunnel’ into infinitely long barriers will get stuck. Measurements with confined photons challenge a prediction that particles that ‘quantum tunnel’ into infinitely long barriers will get stuck.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fedrizzi, Alessandro and Biancalana, Fabio}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01765-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {37-38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tunnelling photons challenge interpretation of quantum mechanics}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protect iran’s scientists from attacks. NATURE, 643(8070), 35. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Madani, Navid}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02076-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {35}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protect iran’s scientists from attacks}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human space travel risks contaminating mars. NATURE, 643(8070), 35. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fairén, Alberto G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02077-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {35}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human space travel risks contaminating mars}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global pandemic agreement needs sustained pressure to succeed. NATURE, 643(8070), 35. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jon, WooJung}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02078-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {35}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global pandemic agreement needs sustained pressure to succeed}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). It should be free to apply to graduate school. NATURE, 643(8070), 35. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fernando, Benjamin and Cassidy, Michael and Russell, Angela and Katzourakis, Aris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02079-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {35}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {It should be free to apply to graduate school}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human embryo research: How to move towards a 28-day limit. NATURE, 643(8070), 31-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The decades-old limit on how long human embryos can be grown in culture is under debate. A new road map outlines how to extend the length of culture responsibly. The decades-old limit on how long human embryos can be grown in culture is under debate. A new road map outlines how to extend the length of culture responsibly.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {De Los Angeles, Alejandro and Benvenisty, Nissim and Deng, Hongkui and Hanna, Jacob H. and Koplin, Julian and Li, Tianqing and Liu, Pentao and Loh, Yuin-Han and Pei, Duanqing and Sugimura, Ryohichi and Tam, Timothy Theodore Ka Ki and Tao, Tan and Trounson, Alan and Xu, Shao and Yu, Leqian and Zambidis, Elias and Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena and Lovell-Badge, Robin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02016-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {31-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human embryo research: How to move towards a 28-day limit}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What’s it like to work with an AI team of virtual scientists?. NATURE, 643(8070), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Emerging ‘co-scientist’ systems use teams of chatbots to mimic the deliberations of a research group. Do they really help? Emerging ‘co-scientist’ systems use teams of chatbots to mimic the deliberations of a research group. Do they really help?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02028-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What’s it like to work with an AI team of virtual scientists?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What we stand to lose when foreign students are seen as a threat. NATURE, 643(8070), 10. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {International students enrich university communities and strengthen civic life. We must defend their place in global education. International students enrich university communities and strengthen civic life. We must defend their place in global education.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chankseliani, Maia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02032-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What we stand to lose when foreign students are seen as a threat}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why we need mandatory safeguards for emotionally responsive AI. NATURE, 643(8070), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Virtual chatbots that simulate conversations with famous actors or sci-fi characters can have real-world consequences. Virtual chatbots that simulate conversations with famous actors or sci-fi characters can have real-world consequences.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ben-Zion, Ziv}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02031-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why we need mandatory safeguards for emotionally responsive AI}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transparent research: Can big tech learn from big pharma?. NATURE, 643(8070), 7. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The results of technology research and development must find their way into the published literature. New models of regulation could help. The results of technology research and development must find their way into the published literature. New models of regulation could help.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02030-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {7}, number = {8070}, pages = {7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transparent research: Can big tech learn from big pharma?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I pioneered my country’s newborn health-screening programme. NATURE, 643(8070), 296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clinical geneticist Carmencita Padilla advocates for expanded access to neonatal screening in the Philippines and around the world. Clinical geneticist Carmencita Padilla advocates for expanded access to neonatal screening in the Philippines and around the world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchell Crow, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02035-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I pioneered my country’s newborn health-screening programme}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ’We couldn’t live without it’: The UCSC genome browser turns 25. NATURE, 643(8070), 292-294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After a quarter of a century, the website remains an essential tool for navigating the genome and understanding its structure, function and clinical impact. After a quarter of a century, the website remains an essential tool for navigating the genome and understanding its structure, function and clinical impact.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eisenstein, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02034-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {292-294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {’We couldn’t live without it’: The UCSC genome browser turns 25}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Some US researchers want to leave the country. can europe take them?. NATURE, 643(8070), 289-291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the Trump administration steps up attacks on US universities and scientific institutions, the European Union is campaigning hard to attract scientists from the United States. But how many can the bloc take? As the Trump administration steps up attacks on US universities and scientific institutions, the European Union is campaigning hard to attract scientists from the United States. But how many can the bloc take?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leeming, Jack}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01629-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {289-291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Some US researchers want to leave the country. can europe take them?}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Niède guidon obituary: Brazilian archaeologist who upended ideas on early human migration. NATURE, 643(8070), 30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researcher used carbon dating to provide evidence that humans had arrived in Brazil much earlier than previously thought. Researcher used carbon dating to provide evidence that humans had arrived in Brazil much earlier than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rodrigues, Meghie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02029-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Niède guidon obituary: Brazilian archaeologist who upended ideas on early human migration}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What do dolphins talk about? one biologist is trying to listen in. NATURE, 643(8070), 28-29. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A marine ecologist’s 40-year struggle to understand how animals signal to one another. A marine ecologist’s 40-year struggle to understand how animals signal to one another.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sayigh, Laela}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02033-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {28-29}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What do dolphins talk about? one biologist is trying to listen in}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Harvard vs trump: What this epic battle means for science. NATURE, 643(8070), 26-27. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research across science and medicine will probably shrink at one of the world’s most elite universities amid a new political reality. Research across science and medicine will probably shrink at one of the world’s most elite universities amid a new political reality.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02017-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {26-27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Harvard vs trump: What this epic battle means for science}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Happy birthday jaws! how the movie changed shark science. NATURE, 643(8070), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Half a century after its cinematic release, Jaws is still shaping how we view — and protect — the ocean’s top predators. Half a century after its cinematic release, Jaws is still shaping how we view — and protect — the ocean’s top predators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01951-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Happy birthday jaws! how the movie changed shark science}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Everyday painkiller made from plastic — By e. coli. NATURE, 643(8070), 19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study highlights potential for sustainable synthesis of paracetamol. Study highlights potential for sustainable synthesis of paracetamol.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aksenfeld, Rita}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01986-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Everyday painkiller made from plastic — By e. coli}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First images from world’s largest digital camera leave astronomers in awe. NATURE, 643(8070), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Rubin Observatory in Chile will map the entire southern sky every three to four nights. The Rubin Observatory in Chile will map the entire southern sky every three to four nights.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01973-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First images from world’s largest digital camera leave astronomers in awe}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DeepMind’s new AlphaGenome AI tackles the ‘dark matter’ in our DNA. NATURE, 643(8070), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tool aims to solve the mystery of non-coding sequences — but is still in its infancy. Tool aims to solve the mystery of non-coding sequences — but is still in its infancy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01998-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DeepMind’s new AlphaGenome AI tackles the ‘dark matter’ in our DNA}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How many PhDs does the world need? doctoral graduates vastly outnumber jobs in academia. NATURE, 643(8070), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {PhD programmes need to better prepare students for careers outside universities, researchers warn. PhD programmes need to better prepare students for careers outside universities, researchers warn.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01855-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How many PhDs does the world need? doctoral graduates vastly outnumber jobs in academia}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does using ChatGPT change your brain activity? study sparks debate. NATURE, 643(8070), 15-16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists warn against reading too much into a small experiment generating a lot of buzz. Scientists warn against reading too much into a small experiment generating a lot of buzz.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02005-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {15-16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does using ChatGPT change your brain activity? study sparks debate}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These scientists re-enacted stone age voyage to japan’s remote islands. NATURE, 643(8070), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiment shows how people in dugout canoes could have crossed the treacherous straits between Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands. Experiment shows how people in dugout canoes could have crossed the treacherous straits between Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavanagh, Katie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02008-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These scientists re-enacted stone age voyage to japan’s remote islands}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can AI build a virtual cell? scientists race to model life’s smallest unit. NATURE, 643(8070), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Several groups hope to develop artificial-intelligence models that can predict how cells behave. Several groups hope to develop artificial-intelligence models that can predict how cells behave.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-02011-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can AI build a virtual cell? scientists race to model life’s smallest unit}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hormone helps mice live longer and avoid obesity. NATURE, 643(8070), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Male mice that make high levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 stay lean as they age — a finding that could translate to humans. Male mice that make high levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 stay lean as they age — a finding that could translate to humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01896-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hormone helps mice live longer and avoid obesity}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The shattered statues of queen hatshepsut: The reasons for the wreckage. NATURE, 643(8070), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ritual ‘retirement’ rather than family feud might explain why so many figures of the female pharaoh are broken and cracked. Ritual ‘retirement’ rather than family feud might explain why so many figures of the female pharaoh are broken and cracked.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01956-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The shattered statues of queen hatshepsut: The reasons for the wreckage}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pioneering but overlooked 1938 fusion experiment is recreated at last. NATURE, 643(8070), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modern re-run shows that Arthur Ruhlig’s conclusions, which probably influenced early thinking about fusion energy, were correct, but his numbers were off. Modern re-run shows that Arthur Ruhlig’s conclusions, which probably influenced early thinking about fusion energy, were correct, but his numbers were off.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01991-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pioneering but overlooked 1938 fusion experiment is recreated at last}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Killer whales exfoliate each other with home-made scrubbers. NATURE, 643(8070), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Kelp ‘loofahs’ might be first example of toolmaking by marine mammals. Kelp ‘loofahs’ might be first example of toolmaking by marine mammals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01993-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8070}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Killer whales exfoliate each other with home-made scrubbers}, volume = {643}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: GluD1 is a signal transduction device disguised as an ionotropic receptor. NATURE, 642(8069), E27. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dai, Jinye and Patzke, Christopher and Liakath-Ali, Kif and Seigneur, Erica and Südhof, Thomas C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09146-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {E27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: GluD1 is a signal transduction device disguised as an ionotropic receptor}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: DNA-guided transcription factor interactions extend human gene regulatory code. NATURE, 642(8069), E26. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Zhiyuan and Sokolov, Ilya and Osmala, Maria and Yue, Xue and Bower, Grace and Pett, J. Patrick and Chen, Yinan and Wang, Kai and Cavga, Ayse Derya and Popov, Alexander and Teichmann, Sarah A. and Morgunova, Ekaterina and Kvon, Evgeny Z. and Yin, Yimeng and Taipale, Jussi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09129-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {E26}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: DNA-guided transcription factor interactions extend human gene regulatory code}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ice society: Looking for life at unlikely altitudes. NATURE, 642(8069), 1114. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {James Bradley studies the microbes thriving in extremely cold environments. James Bradley studies the microbes thriving in extremely cold environments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchell Crow, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01972-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1114}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ice society: Looking for life at unlikely altitudes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tardigrade-obsessed: Meet the researchers trying to turn water bears into neuroscience models. NATURE, 642(8069), 1109-1111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For water-bear enthusiasts, it’s the creature’s legs that make it stand out. For water-bear enthusiasts, it’s the creature’s legs that make it stand out.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Plackett, Benjamin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01971-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1109-1111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tardigrade-obsessed: Meet the researchers trying to turn water bears into neuroscience models}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How do i choose a principal investigator for my next postdoc?. NATURE, 642(8069), 1107-1108. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A computer scientist is struggling to trust their postdoctoral research adviser after negative experiences with the previous two. How do you find one that’s right for you? A computer scientist is struggling to trust their postdoctoral research adviser after negative experiences with the previous two. How do you find one that’s right for you?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01493-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1107-1108}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How do i choose a principal investigator for my next postdoc?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chromatin loops are an ancestral hallmark of the animal regulatory genome. NATURE, 642(8069), 1097-1105. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In bilaterian animals, gene regulation is shaped by a combination of linear and spatial regulatory information. Regulatory elements along the genome are integrated into gene regulatory landscapes through chromatin compartmentalization1,2, insulation of neighbouring genomic regions3,4 and chromatin looping that brings together distal cis-regulatory sequences5. However, the evolution of these regulatory features is unknown because the three-dimensional genome architecture of most animal lineages remains unexplored6,7. To trace the evolutionary origins of animal genome regulation, here we characterized the physical organization of the genome in non-bilaterian animals (sponges, ctenophores, placozoans and cnidarians)8,9 and their closest unicellular relatives (ichthyosporeans, filastereans and choanoflagellates)10 by combining high-resolution chromosome conformation capture11,12 with epigenomic marks and gene expression data. Our comparative analysis showed that chromatin looping is a conserved feature of genome architecture in ctenophores, placozoans and cnidarians. These sequence-determined distal contacts involve both promoter–enhancer and promoter–promoter interactions. By contrast, chromatin loops are absent in the unicellular relatives of animals. Our findings indicate that spatial genome regulation emerged early in animal evolution. This evolutionary innovation introduced regulatory complexity, ultimately facilitating the diversification of animal developmental programmes and cell type repertoires. The physical organization of the genome in non-bilaterian animals and their closest unicellular relatives is characterized; comparative analysis shows chromatin looping is a conserved feature of genome architecture and spatial genome regulation emerged early in animal evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Iana V. and Navarrete, Cristina and Grau-Bové, Xavier and Iglesias, Marta and Elek, Anamaria and Zolotarov, Grygoriy and Bykov, Nikolai S. and Montgomery, Sean A. and Ksiezopolska, Ewa and Cañas-Armenteros, Didac and Soto-Angel, Joan J. and Leys, Sally P. and Burkhardt, Pawel and Suga, Hiroshi and de Mendoza, Alex and Marti-Renom, Marc A. and Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08960-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1097-1105}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chromatin loops are an ancestral hallmark of the animal regulatory genome}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chromosome end protection by RAP1-mediated inhibition of DNA-PK. NATURE, 642(8069), 1090-1096. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During classical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) encapsulates free DNA ends, forming a recruitment platform for downstream end-joining factors including ligase 4 (LIG4)1. DNA-PK can also bind telomeres and regulate their resection2–4, but does not initiate cNHEJ at this position. How the end-joining process is regulated in this context-specific manner is currently unclear. Here we show that the shelterin components TRF2 and RAP1 form a complex with DNA-PK that directly represses its end-joining function at telomeres. Biochemical experiments and cryo-electron microscopy reveal that when bound to TRF2, RAP1 establishes a network of interactions with KU and DNA that prevents DNA-PK from recruiting LIG4. In mouse and human cells, RAP1 is redundant with the Apollo nuclease in repressing cNHEJ at chromosome ends, demonstrating that the inhibition of DNA-PK prevents telomere fusions in parallel with overhang-dependent mechanisms. Our experiments show that the end-joining function of DNA-PK is directly and specifically repressed at telomeres, establishing a molecular mechanism for how individual linear chromosomes are maintained in mammalian cells. Biochemical, structural and genetic analysis of the shelterin complex reveal that by recruiting RAP1 to DNA, TRF2 directly inhibits DNA-dependent protein kinase to regulate classical non-homologous end joining at telomeres.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eickhoff, Patrik and Sonmez, Ceylan and Fisher, Charlotte E. L. and Inian, Oviya and Roumeliotis, Theodoros I. and dello Stritto, Angela and Mansfeld, Jörg and Choudhary, Jyoti S. and Guettler, Sebastian and Lottersberger, Francisca and Douglas, Max E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08896-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1090-1096}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chromosome end protection by RAP1-mediated inhibition of DNA-PK}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reprogramming site-specific retrotransposon activity to new DNA sites. NATURE, 642(8069), 1080-1089. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Retroelements have a critical role in shaping eukaryotic genomes. For instance, site-specific non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons have spread widely through preferential integration into repetitive genomic sequences, such as microsatellite regions and ribosomal DNA genes1–6. Despite the widespread occurrence of these systems, their targeting constraints remain unclear. Here we use a computational pipeline to discover multiple new site-specific retrotransposon families, profile members both biochemically and in mammalian cells, find previously undescribed insertion preferences and chart potential evolutionary paths for retrotransposon retargeting. We identify R2Tg, an R2 retrotransposon from the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, as an orthologue that can be retargeted by payload engineering for target cleavage, reverse transcription and scarless insertion of heterologous payloads at new genomic sites. We enhance this activity by fusing R2Tg to CRISPR–Cas9 nickases for efficient insertion at new genomic sites. Through further screening of R2 orthologues, we select an orthologue, R2Tocc, with natural reprogrammability and minimal insertion at its natural 28S site, to engineer SpCas9H840A–R2Tocc, a system we name site-specific target-primed insertion through targeted CRISPR homing of retroelements (STITCHR). STITCHR enables the scarless, efficient installation of edits, ranging from a single base to 12.7 kilobases, gene replacement and use of in vitro transcribed or synthetic RNA templates. Inspired by the prevalence of nLTR retrotransposons across eukaryotic genomes, we anticipate that STITCHR will serve as a platform for scarless programmable integration in dividing and non-dividing cells, with both research and therapeutic applications. A study of retrotransposon activity repurposes a retroelement called R2Tocc to create a programmable system called STITCHR that enables diverse genome edits including efficient, scarless large payload insertions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fell, Christopher W. and Villiger, Lukas and Lim, Justin and Hiraizumi, Masahiro and Tagliaferri, Dario and Yarnall, Matthew T. N. and Lee, Anderson and Jiang, Kaiyi and Kayabolen, Alisan and Krajeski, Rohan N. and Schmitt-Ulms, Cian and Ramani, Harsh and Yousef, Sarah M. and Roberts, Nathaniel and Vakulskas, Christopher A. and Nishimasu, Hiroshi and Abudayyeh, Omar O. and Gootenberg, Jonathan S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08877-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1080-1089}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reprogramming site-specific retrotransposon activity to new DNA sites}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Divergent DNA methylation dynamics in marsupial and eutherian embryos. NATURE, 642(8069), 1073-1079. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Based on seminal work in placental species (eutherians)1–10, a paradigm of mammalian development has emerged wherein the genome-wide erasure of parental DNA methylation is required for embryogenesis. Whether such DNA methylation reprogramming is, in fact, conserved in other mammals is unknown. Here, to resolve this point, we generated base-resolution DNA methylation maps in gametes, embryos and adult tissues of a marsupial, the opossum Monodelphis domestica, revealing variations from the eutherian-derived model. The difference in DNA methylation level between oocytes and sperm is less pronounced than that in eutherians. Furthermore, unlike the genome of eutherians, that of the opossum remains hypermethylated during the cleavage stages. In the blastocyst, DNA demethylation is transient and modest in the epiblast. However, it is sustained in the trophectoderm, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved function for DNA hypomethylation in the mammalian placenta. Furthermore, unlike that in eutherians, the inactive X chromosome becomes globally DNA hypomethylated during embryogenesis. We identify gamete differentially methylated regions that exhibit distinct fates in the embryo, with some transient, and others retained and that represent candidate imprinted loci. We also reveal a possible mechanism for imprinted X inactivation, through maternal DNA methylation of the Xist-like noncoding RNA RSX11. We conclude that the evolutionarily divergent eutherians and marsupials use DNA demethylation differently during embryogenesis. A study reports on the DNA methylation dynamics during embryogenesis in marsupials, showing that these differ from those occurring during embryogenesis in eutherian mammals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leeke, Bryony J. and Varsally, Wazeer and Ogushi, Sugako and Zohren, Jasmin and Menchero, Sergio and Courtois, Aurélien and Snell, Daniel M. and Teissandier, Aurélie and Ojarikre, Obah and Mahadevaiah, Shantha K. and Decarpentrie, Fanny and Oakey, Rebecca J. and VandeBerg, John L. and Turner, James M. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08992-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1073-1079}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Divergent DNA methylation dynamics in marsupial and eutherian embryos}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Oncogene aberrations drive medulloblastoma progression, not initiation. NATURE, 642(8069), 1062-1072. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite recent advances in understanding disease biology, treatment of group 3/4 medulloblastoma remains a therapeutic challenge in paediatric neuro-oncology1. Bulk-omics approaches have identified considerable intertumoural heterogeneity in group 3/4 medulloblastoma, including the presence of clear single-gene oncogenic drivers in only a subset of cases, whereas in most cases, large-scale copy number aberrations prevail2,3. However, intratumoural heterogeneity, the role of oncogene aberrations, and broad copy number variation in tumour evolution and treatment resistance remain poorly understood. To dissect this interplay, we used single-cell technologies (single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (snATAC-seq) and spatial transcriptomics) on a cohort of group 3/4 medulloblastoma with known alterations in the oncogenes MYC, MYCN and PRDM6. We show that large-scale chromosomal aberrations are early tumour-initiating events, whereas the single-gene oncogenic events arise late and are typically subclonal, but MYC can become clonal upon disease progression to drive further tumour development and therapy resistance. Spatial transcriptomics shows that the subclones are mostly interspersed across tumour tissue, but clear segregation is also present. Using a population genetics model, we estimate medulloblastoma initiation in the cerebellar unipolar brush cell lineage starting from the first gestational trimester. Our findings demonstrate how single-cell technologies can be applied for early detection and diagnosis of this fatal disease. A large-scale multi-omics analysis reports oncogenic alterations that drive medulloblastoma progression, rather than initiation, and the findings show how single-cell technologies can be used for early detection and diagnosis of medulloblastoma.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Okonechnikov, Konstantin and Joshi, Piyush and Körber, Verena and Rademacher, Anne and Bortolomeazzi, Michele and Mallm, Jan-Philipp and Vaillant, Jan and da Silva, Patricia Benites Goncalves and Statz, Britta and Sepp, Mari and Sarropoulos, Ioannis and Yamada, Tetsuya and Wittmann, Andrea and Schramm, Kathrin and Blattner-Johnson, Mirjam and Fiesel, Petra and Jones, Barbara and Jäger, Natalie and Milde, Till and Pajtler, Kristian W. and van Tilburg, Cornelis M. and Witt, Olaf and Bochennek, Konrad and Weber, Katharina Johanna and Nonnenmacher, Lisa and Reimann, Christian and Ghasemi, David R. and Schüller, Ulrich and Mynarek, Martin and Rutkowski, Stefan and Jones, David T. W. and Korshunov, Andrey and Rippe, Karsten and Westermann, Frank and Thongjuea, Supat and Höfer, Thomas and Kaessmann, Henrik and Kutscher, Lena M. and Pfister, Stefan M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08973-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1062-1072}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Oncogene aberrations drive medulloblastoma progression, not initiation}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A battery-free nanofluidic intracellular delivery patch for internal organs. NATURE, 642(8069), 1051-1061. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The targeted delivery of therapeutics to internal organs to, for example, promote healing or apoptosis holds promise in the treatment of numerous diseases1–4. Currently, the prevailing delivery modality relies on the circulation; however, this modality has substantial efficiency, safety and/or controllability limitations5–9. Here we report a battery-free, chipless, soft nanofluidic intracellular delivery (NanoFLUID) patch that provides enhanced and customized delivery of payloads in targeted internal organs. The chipless architecture and the flexible nature of thin functional layers facilitate integration with internal organs. The nanopore–microchannel–microelectrode structure enables safe, efficient and precise electroperforation of the cell membrane, which in turn accelerates intracellular payload transport by approximately 105 times compared with conventional diffusion methods while operating under relatively low-amplitude pulses (20 V). Through evaluations of the NanoFLUID patch in multiple in vivo scenarios, including treatment of breast tumours and acute injury in the liver and modelling tumour development, we validated its efficiency, safety and controllability for organ-targeted delivery. NanoFLUID-mediated in vivo transfection of a gene library also enabled efficient screening of essential drivers of breast cancer metastasis in the lung and liver. Through this approach, DUS2 was identified as a lung-specific metastasis driver. Thus, NanoFLUID represents an innovative bioelectronic platform for the targeted delivery of payloads to internal organs to treat various diseases and to uncover new insights in biology. A nanofluidic intracellular delivery (NanoFLUID) patch provides a versatile, biocompatible and efficient method for the targeted delivery of payloads to internal organs for therapeutic purposes and for biomolecular investigations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yin, Dedong and Wang, Pan and Hao, Yongcun and Yue, Wei and Jiang, Xinran and Yao, Kuanming and Wang, Yuqiong and Hang, Xinxin and Xiao, Ao and Zhou, Jingkun and Lin, Long and Rao, Zhoulyu and Wu, Han and Liu, Feng and Dong, Zaizai and Wu, Meng and Xu, Chenjie and Huang, Jiandong and Chang, Honglong and Fan, Yubo and Yu, Xinge and Yu, Cunjiang and Chang, Lingqian and Li, Mo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08943-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1051-1061}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A battery-free nanofluidic intracellular delivery patch for internal organs}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Concurrent loss of the y chromosome in cancer and t cells impacts outcome. NATURE, 642(8069), 1041-1050. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is the most common somatic alteration in men and is associated with higher mortality from epithelial cancers1–3. In tumours, epithelial LOY is also associated with poor survival4–7. This raises several fundamental questions, such as why LOY in PBMCs drives cancer mortality and whether there is a relationship between LOY in PBMCs, PBMC-derived immune cells and cancer cells (and, if so, what its consequences are). We sought to answer these questions through a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from 29 human tumour types, along with autochthonous and syngeneic mouse models. In human and mouse tumours, malignant epithelial cells had the highest LOY prevalence, yet LOY was also present in tumour stromal and immune cells, with LOY in malignant epithelial cells predicting LOY in benign cells. LOY also correlated between paired tumour and PBMC samples from patients. Among benign cells, LOY induced the strongest shift in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with both showing transcriptomic signatures of immunosuppression. Furthermore, the magnitude of LOY in epithelial cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells independently predicts survival, with tumours exhibiting concurrent epithelial and T cell LOY having the worst outcomes. Here we establish a model that links LOY in immune cells to LOY in malignant cells, which may explain in part why LOY in PBMCs is associated with increased cancer mortality. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) in benign and malignant cells establishes a new model linking LOY in circulating and tumour-infiltrating immune cells to LOY in malignant cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Xingyu and Shen, Yiling and Choi, Suhyeon and Abdel-Hafiz, Hany A. and Basu, Mukta and Hoelzen, Lena and Tufano, Martina and Kailasam Mani, Saravana Kumar and Ranjpour, Maryam and Zhu, Jiani and Ramanujan, V. Krishnan and Koltsova, Ekaterina K. and Calsavara, Vinicius F. and Knott, Simon R. V. and Theodorescu, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09071-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1041-1050}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Concurrent loss of the y chromosome in cancer and t cells impacts outcome}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two distinct host-specialized fungal species cause white-nose disease in bats. NATURE, 642(8069), 1034-1040. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The emergence of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, poses serious threats to public health, wildlife and ecosystem stability1. Host–fungus interactions and environmental factors have been extensively examined2–4. However, the role of genetic variability in pathogens is often less well-studied, even for diseases such as white-nose in bats, which has caused one of the highest disease-driven death tolls documented in nonhuman mammals5. Previous research on white-nose disease has primarily focused on variations in disease outcomes attributed to host traits or environmental conditions6–8, but has neglected pathogen variability. Here we leverage an extensive reference collection of 5,479 fungal isolates from 27 countries to reveal that the widespread causative agent is not a single species but two sympatric cryptic species, each exhibiting host specialization. Our findings provide evidence of recombination in each species, but significant genetic differentiation across their genomes, including differences in genome organization. Both species contain geographically differentiated populations, which enabled us to identify the species introduced to North America and trace its source population to a region in Ukraine. In light of our discovery of the existence of two cryptic species of the causative agent of white-nose disease, our research underscores the need to integrate the study of pathogen variability into comprehensive disease surveillance, management and prevention strategies. This holistic approach is crucial for enhancing our understanding of diseases and implementing effective measures to prevent their spread. The identification of two cryptic species of the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose disease in bats highlights the need to integrate studies of genetic variability in pathogens into disease surveillance, management and prevention strategies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fischer, Nicola M. and Dumville, Imogen and Nabholz, Benoit and Zhelyazkova, Violeta and Stecker, Ruth-Marie and Blomberg, Anna S. and Dool, Serena E. and Fritze, Marcus and Tilak, Marie-Ka and Bashta, Andriy-Taras and Chenal, Clothilde and Fiston-Lavier, Anna-Sophie and Puechmaille, Sebastien J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09060-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1034-1040}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two distinct host-specialized fungal species cause white-nose disease in bats}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bioremediation of complex organic pollutants by engineered vibrio natriegens. NATURE, 642(8069), 1024-1033. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Industrial wastewater, petroleum pollution and plastic contamination are significant threats to global marine biosecurity because of their toxic, mutagenic and persistent nature1. The use of microorganisms in bioremediation has been constrained by the complexity of organic pollutants and limited tolerance to saline stress2. In this study, we used synthetic biology to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils. The competence master regulator gene tfoX was inserted into chromosome 1 of the V. natriegens strain Vmax and overexpressed to enhance DNA uptake and integration. Degradation gene clusters were chemically synthesized and assembled in yeast. We developed a genome engineering method (iterative natural transformation based on Vmax with amplified tfoX effect) to transfer five gene clusters (43 kb total) into Vmax. The engineered strain has the ability to bioremediate five organic pollutants (biphenyl, phenol, naphthalene, dibenzofuran and toluene) covering a broad substrate range, from monocyclic to multicyclic compounds, in industrial wastewater samples from a chlor–alkali plant and a petroleum refinery. A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Su, Cong and Cui, Haotian and Wang, Weiwei and Liu, Yong and Cheng, Zhenyu and Wang, Chen and Yang, Mengqiao and Qu, Liwen and Li, Ye and Cai, Yuejin and He, Siyang and Zheng, Jiaxin and Zhao, Pingping and Xu, Ping and Dai, Junbiao and Tang, Hongzhi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08947-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1024-1033}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bioremediation of complex organic pollutants by engineered vibrio natriegens}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A distributed coding logic for thermosensation and inflammatory pain. NATURE, 642(8069), 1016-1023. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Somatosensory neurons encode detailed information about touch and temperature and are the peripheral drivers of pain1,2. Here by combining functional imaging with multiplexed in situ hybridization3, we determined how heat and mechanical stimuli are encoded across neuronal classes and how inflammation transforms this representation to induce heat hypersensitivity, mechanical allodynia and continuing pain. Our data revealed that trigeminal neurons innervating the cheek exhibited complete segregation of responses to gentle touch and heat. By contrast, heat and noxious mechanical stimuli broadly activated nociceptor classes, including cell types proposed to trigger select percepts and behaviours4–6. Injection of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 caused long-lasting activity and thermal sensitization in select classes of nociceptors, providing a cellular basis for continuing inflammatory pain and heat hypersensitivity. We showed that the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (ref. 7) has a central role in heat sensitization but not in spontaneous nociceptor activity. Unexpectedly, the responses to mechanical stimuli were minimally affected by inflammation, suggesting that tactile allodynia results from the continuing firing of nociceptors coincident with touch. Indeed, we have demonstrated that nociceptor activity is both necessary and sufficient for inflammatory tactile allodynia. Together, these findings refine models of sensory coding and discrimination at the cellular and molecular levels, demonstrate that touch and temperature are broadly but differentially encoded across transcriptomically distinct populations of sensory cells and provide insight into how cellular-level responses are reshaped by inflammation to trigger diverse aspects of pain. Functional imaging and multiplexed in situ hybridization were combined to investigate how trigeminal neurons encode heat and mechanical stimuli, revealing distinct cellular mechanisms for continuing pain, heat hypersensitivity and tactile allodynia during inflammation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ghitani, Nima and von Buchholtz, Lars J. and MacDonald, Donald Iain and Falgairolle, Melanie and Nguyen, Minh Q. and Licholai, Julia A. and Ryba, Nicholas J. P. and Chesler, Alexander T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08875-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1016-1023}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A distributed coding logic for thermosensation and inflammatory pain}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Goal-specific hippocampal inhibition gates learning. NATURE, 642(8069), 1007-1015. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Goal-directed navigation in a new environment requires quickly identifying and exploiting important locations. Identifying new goal locations depends on neural computations that rapidly represent locations and connect location information to key outcomes such as food1. However, the mechanisms to trigger these computations at behaviourally relevant locations are not well understood. Here we show that parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in the mouse hippocampal CA3 have a causal role in identifying and exploiting new food locations such that decreases in inhibitory activity around goals enable reactivation to bind goal locations to food outcomes. PV interneurons in the CA3 substantially reduce firing on approach to and at goal locations while food-deprived mice learn to find food. These inhibitory decreases anticipate reward locations as the mice learn and are more prominent on correct trials. Sparse optogenetic stimulation to prevent goal-related decreases in PV interneuron firing impaired learning of goal locations. Disrupting goal-related decreases in PV interneuron activity impaired the reactivation of new goal locations after receipt of food, a process that associates previous locations to food outcomes such that the mice know where to seek food later. These results reveal that goal-selective and goal-predictive decreases in inhibitory activity enable learning, representations and outcome associations of crucial locations. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampal CA3 substantially reduce firing on approach to and at goal locations while food-deprived mice learn to find food.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jeong, Nuri and Zheng, Xiao and Paulson, Abigail L. and Prince, Stephanie M. and Nguyen, Victor P. and Thomas, Sherina R. and Gilpin, Caroline E. and Goodson, Matthew C. and Singer, Annabelle C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08868-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {1007-1015}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Goal-specific hippocampal inhibition gates learning}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The pivot penalty in research. NATURE, 642(8069), 999-1006. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists and inventors set the direction of their work amid evolving questions, opportunities and challenges, yet the understanding of pivots between research areas and their outcomes remains limited1–5. Theories of creative search highlight the potential benefits of exploration but also emphasize difficulties in moving beyond one’s expertise6–14. Here we introduce a measurement framework to quantify how far researchers move from their existing work, and apply it to millions of papers and patents. We find a pervasive ‘pivot penalty’, in which the impact of new research steeply declines the further a researcher moves from their previous work. The pivot penalty applies nearly universally across science and patenting, and has been growing in magnitude over the past five decades. Larger pivots further exhibit weak engagement with established mixtures of prior knowledge, lower publication success rates and less market impact. Unexpected shocks to the research landscape, which may push researchers away from existing areas or pull them into new ones, further demonstrate substantial pivot penalties, including in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pivot penalty generalizes across fields, career stage, productivity, collaboration and funding contexts, highlighting both the breadth and depth of the adaptive challenge. Overall, the findings point to large and increasing challenges in effectively adapting to new opportunities and threats, with implications for individual researchers, research organizations, science policy and the capacity of science and society as a whole to confront emergent demands. An analysis of millions of scientific papers and patents reveals a ‘pivot penalty’ when researchers shift direction, with the impact of studies decreasing rapidly the further they move from their previous work.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hill, Ryan and Yin, Yian and Stein, Carolyn and Wang, Xizhao and Wang, Dashun and Jones, Benjamin F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09048-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {999-1006}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The pivot penalty in research}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deep origin of eukaryotes outside heimdallarchaeia within asgardarchaeota. NATURE, 642(8069), 990-998. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research on the morphology, physiology and genomics of Asgard archaea has provided valuable insights into the evolutionary history of eukaryotes1–3. A previous study suggested that eukaryotes are nested within Heimdallarchaeia4, but their exact phylogenetic placement within Asgard archaea remains controversial4,5. This debate complicates understanding of the metabolic features and timescales of early eukaryotic ancestors. Here we generated 223 metagenome-assembled nearly complete genomes of Asgard archaea that have not previously been documented. We identify 16 new lineages at the genus level or higher, which substantially expands the known phylogenetic diversity of Asgard archaea. Through sophisticated phylogenomic analysis of this expanded genomic dataset involving several marker sets we infer that eukaryotes evolved before the diversification of all sampled Heimdallarchaeia, rather than branching with Hodarchaeales within the Heimdallarchaeia. This difference in the placement of eukaryotes is probably caused by the previously underappreciated chimeric nature of Njordarchaeales genomes, which we find are composed of sequences of both Asgard and TACK archaea (Asgard’s sister phylum). Using ancestral reconstruction and molecular dating, we infer that the last Asgard archaea and eukaryote common ancestor emerged before the Great Oxidation Event and was probably an anaerobic H2-dependent acetogen. Our findings support the hydrogen hypothesis of eukaryogenesis, which posits that eukaryotes arose from the fusion of a H2-consuming archaeal host and a H2-producing protomitochondrion. Ancestral reconstruction together with molecular dating of the last Asgard archaea and eukaryote common ancestor suggest that eukaryotes arose from the fusion of a H2-consuming archaeal host and a H2-producing protomitochondrion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Jiawei and Feng, Xiaoyuan and Li, Meng and Liu, Yang and Liu, Min and Hou, Li-Jun and Dong, Hong-Po}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08955-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {990-998}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deep origin of eukaryotes outside heimdallarchaeia within asgardarchaeota}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genomic and genetic insights into mendel’s pea genes. NATURE, 642(8069), 980-989. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mendel1 studied in detail seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea (Pisum sativum), establishing the foundational principles of genetic inheritance. Here we investigate the genetic architecture that underlies these traits and uncover previously undescribed alleles for the four characterized Mendelian genes2–7, including a rare revertant of Mendel’s white-flowered a allele. Primarily, we focus on the three remaining uncharacterized traits and find that (1) an approximately 100-kb genomic deletion upstream of the Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) gene disrupts chlorophyll biosynthesis through the generation of intergenic transcriptional fusion products, conferring the yellow pod phenotype of gp mutants; (2) a MYB gene with an upstream Ogre element insertion and a CLE peptide-encoding gene with an in-frame premature stop codon explain the v and p alleles, which disrupt secondary cell wall thickening and lignification, resulting in the parchmentless, edible-pod phenotype; and (3) a 5-bp exonic deletion in a CIK-like co-receptor kinase gene, in combination with a genetic modifier locus, is associated with the fasciated stem (fa) phenotype. Furthermore, we characterize genes and alleles associated with diverse agronomic traits, such as axil ring anthocyanin pigmentation, seed size and the ‘semi-leafless’ form. This study establishes a foundation for fundamental research, education in biology and genetics, and pea breeding practices. Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feng, Cong and Chen, Baizhi and Hofer, Julie and Shi, Yan and Jiang, Mei and Song, Bo and Cheng, Hong and Lu, Lu and Wang, Luyao and Howard, Alex and Bendahmane, Abdel and Fouchal, Anissa and Moreau, Carol and Sawada, Chie and LeSignor, Christine and Zhang, Cuijun and Vikeli, Eleni and Tsanakas, Georgios and Zhao, Hang and Cheema, Jitender and Barclay, J. Elaine and Hou, Junliang and Sayers, Liz and Wingen, Luzie and Vigouroux, Marielle and Vickers, Martin and Ambrose, Mike and Dalmais, Marion and Higuera-Poveda, Paola and Li, Pengfeng and Yuan, Quan and Spanner, Rebecca and Horler, Richard and Wouters, Roland and Chundakkad, Smitha and Wu, Tian and Zhao, Xiaoxiao and Li, Xiuli and Sun, Yuchen and Huang, Zejian and Wu, Zhen and Deng, Xing Wang and Steuernagel, Burkhard and Domoney, Claire and Ellis, Noel and Chayut, Noam and Cheng, Shifeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08891-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {980-989}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genomic and genetic insights into mendel’s pea genes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A new mongolian tyrannosauroid and the evolution of eutyrannosauria. NATURE, 642(8069), 973-979. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Eutyrannosaurians were large predatory dinosaurs that dominated Asian and North American terrestrial faunas in latest Cretaceous times. These apex predators arose from smaller-bodied tyrannosauroids during the ‘middle’ Cretaceous that are poorly known owing to the paucity of fossil material1–3. Here we report on a new tyrannosauroid, Khankhuuluu mongoliensis gen. et sp. nov., from lower Upper Cretaceous deposits of Mongolia that provides a new perspective on eutyrannosaurian origins and evolution. Phylogenetic analyses recover Khankhuuluu immediately outside Eutyrannosauria and recover the massive, deep-snouted Tyrannosaurini and the smaller, gracile, shallow-snouted Alioramini as highly derived eutyrannosaurian sister clades. Khankhuuluu and the late-diverging Alioramini independently share features related to a shallow skull and gracile build with juvenile eutyrannosaurians, reinforcing the key role heterochrony had in eutyrannosaurian evolution. Although eutyrannosaurians were mainly influenced by peramorphosis or accelerated growth4–10, Alioramini is revealed as a derived lineage that retained immature features through paedomorphosis and is not a more basal lineage as widely accepted11–19. Our results reveal that Asian tyrannosauroids (similar to Khankhuuluu) dispersed to North America, giving rise to Eutyrannosauria in the mid-Late Cretaceous. Eutyrannosauria diversified and remained exclusively in North America until a single dispersal to Asia in the latest Cretaceous that established Alioramini and Tyrannosaurini. Stark morphological differences between Alioramini and Tyrannosaurini probably evolved due to divergent heterochronic trends—paedomorphosis versus peramorphosis, respectively—allowing them to coexist in Asia and occupy different ecological niches. A new tyrannosauroid, Khankhuuluu mongoliensis gen. et sp. nov., from lower Upper Cretaceous deposits of Mongolia provides a new perspective on eutyrannosaurian origins and evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Voris, Jared T. and Zelenitsky, Darla K. and Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu and Modesto, Sean P. and Therrien, François and Tsutsumi, Hiroki and Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar and Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08964-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {973-979}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A new mongolian tyrannosauroid and the evolution of eutyrannosauria}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Herring spawned poleward following fishery-induced collective memory loss. NATURE, 642(8069), 965-972. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Entrainment is a process in schooling migratory fish whereby routes to suitable habitats are transferred from repeat spawners to recruits over generations through social learning1. Selective fisheries targeting older fish may therefore result in collective memory loss and disrupted migration culture2. The world’s largest herring (Clupea harengus) population has traditionally migrated up to 1,300 km southward from wintering areas in northern Norwegian waters to spawn at the west coast. This conservative strategy is proposed to be a trade-off between high energetic swimming costs and enhanced larval survival under improved growth conditions3. Here an analysis of extensive data from fisheries, scientific surveys and tagging experiments demonstrates an abrupt approximately 800-km poleward shift in main spawning. The new migration was established by a large cohort recruiting when the abundance of older fish was critically low due to age-selective fisheries. The threshold of memory required for cultural transfer was probably not met—a situation that was further exacerbated by reduced spatiotemporal overlap between older fish and recruits driven by migration constraints and climate change. Finally, a minority of survivors from older generations adopted the migration culture from the recruits instead of the historically opposite. This may have profound consequences for production and coastal ecology, challenging the management of migratory schooling fish. A critically low abundance of older herring due to age-selective fisheries resulted in an approximately 800-km poleward shift in main spawning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Slotte, Aril and Salthaug, Are and Vatnehol, Sindre and Johnsen, Espen and Mousing, Erik Askov and Høines, Åge and Broms, Cecilie Thorsen and Bjarnason, Sigurvin and Homrum, Eydna í and Skagseth, Øystein and Stenevik, Erling Kåre}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08983-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {965-972}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Herring spawned poleward following fishery-induced collective memory loss}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain implantation of soft bioelectronics via embryonic development. NATURE, 642(8069), 954-964. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Developing bioelectronics capable of stably tracking brain-wide, single-cell, millisecond-resolved neural activity in the developing brain is critical for advancing neuroscience and understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. During development, the three-dimensional structure of the vertebrate brain arises from a two-dimensional neural plate1,2. These large morphological changes have previously posed a challenge for implantable bioelectronics to reliably track neural activity throughout brain development3–9. Here we introduce a tissue-level-soft, submicrometre-thick mesh microelectrode array that integrates into the embryonic neural plate by leveraging the tissue’s natural two-dimensional-to-three-dimensional reconfiguration. As organogenesis progresses, the mesh deforms, stretches and distributes throughout the brain, seamlessly integrating with neural tissue. Immunostaining, gene expression analysis and behavioural testing confirm no adverse effects on brain development or function. This embedded electrode array enables long-term, stable mapping of how single-neuron activity and population dynamics emerge and evolve during brain development. In axolotl models, it not only records neural electrical activity during regeneration but also modulates the process through electrical stimulation. A soft mesh microelectrode array can seamlessly integrate in developing brains, enabling long-term, stable mapping of how single-neuron activity and population dynamics emerge and evolve during brain development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sheng, Hao and Liu, Ren and Li, Qiang and Lin, Zuwan and He, Yichun and Blum, Thomas S. and Zhao, Hao and Tang, Xin and Wang, Wenbo and Jin, Lishuai and Wang, Zheliang and Hsiao, Emma and Le Floch, Paul and Shen, Hao and Lee, Ariel J. and Jonas-Closs, Rachael Alice and Briggs, James and Liu, Siyi and Solomon, Daniel and Wang, Xiao and Whited, Jessica L. and Lu, Nanshu and Liu, Jia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09106-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {954-964}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain implantation of soft bioelectronics via embryonic development}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A soft-clamped topological waveguide for phonons. NATURE, 642(8069), 947-953. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Topological insulators were originally discovered for electron waves in condensed-matter systems. Recently, this concept has been transferred to bosonic systems such as photons1 and phonons2, which propagate in materials patterned with artificial lattices that emulate spin-Hall physics. This work has been motivated, in part, by the prospect of topologically protected transport along edge channels in on-chip circuits2,3. In principle, topology protects propagation against backscattering, but not against loss, which has remained limited to the dB cm−1 level for phononic waveguides, whether topological4–7 or not8–19. Here we combine advanced dissipation engineering20—in particular, the recently introduced method of soft clamping21—with the concept of valley-Hall topological insulators for phonons22–26. This enables on-chip phononic waveguides with propagation losses due to dissipation of 3 dB km−1 at room temperature, orders of magnitude below any previous chip-scale devices. The low losses also allow us to accurately quantify backscattering protection in topological phononic waveguides, using high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. We infer that phonons follow a sharp, 120° bend with a 99.99% probability instead of being scattered back, and less than one phonon in a million is lost. Our work will inspire new research directions on ultralow-loss phononic waveguides and will provide a clean bosonic system for investigating topological protection and non-Hermitian topological physics. A substantial reduction of losses in a phononic waveguide can be achieved by soft clamping, through which phonons can be guided through very sharp turns with losses accounting for less than one phonon in a million.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xi, Xiang and Chernobrovkin, Ilia and Košata, Jan and Kristensen, Mads B. and Langman, Eric and Sørensen, Anders S. and Zilberberg, Oded and Schliesser, Albert}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09092-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {947-953}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A soft-clamped topological waveguide for phonons}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probing phonon transport dynamics across an interface by electron microscopy. NATURE, 642(8069), 941-946. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding thermal transport mechanisms across material interfaces is crucial for advancing semiconductor technologies, particularly in miniaturized devices operating under extreme power densities1,2. Although the interface phonon-mediated processes are theoretically established3–6 as the dominant mechanism for interfacial thermal transport in semiconductors7, their nanoscale dynamics remain experimentally elusive owing to challenges in measuring the temperature and non-equilibrium phonon distributions across the buried interface8–11. Here we overcome these limitations by using in situ vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an electron microscope to nanoscale profile temperature gradients across the AlN–SiC interface during thermal transport and map its non-equilibrium phonon occupations at sub-nanometre resolution. We observe a sharp temperature drop within about 2 nm across the interface, enabling direct extraction of relative interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). During thermal transport, the mismatch of phonon modes’ thermal conductivity at the interface causes substantial non-equilibrium phonons nearby, making the populations of interface modes different under forward and reverse heat flow and also leading to marked changes in the modal temperature of AlN optical phonons within about 3 nm of the interface. These results reveal the phonon transport dynamics at the (sub-)nanoscale and establish the inelastic phonon scattering mechanism involved by interface modes, offering valuable insights into the engineering of thermal interfaces. In situ vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy is used to examine phonon transport dynamics across the AlN–SiC interface during thermal transport at sub-nanometre resolution, demonstrating a sharp temperature drop within about 2 nm across the interface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Fachen and Mao, Ruilin and Liu, Zhiqiang and Du, Jinlong and Gao, Peng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09108-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {941-946}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probing phonon transport dynamics across an interface by electron microscopy}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Attosecond inner-shell lasing at ångström wavelengths. NATURE, 642(8069), 934-940. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since the invention of the laser, nonlinear effects such as filamentation1, Rabi cycling2,3 and collective emission4 have been explored in the optical regime, leading to a wide range of scientific and industrial applications5–8. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have extended many optical techniques to X-rays for their advantages of ångström-scale spatial resolution and elemental specificity9. An example is XFEL-driven inner-shell Kα1 (2p3/2 → 1s1/2) X-ray lasing in elements ranging from neon to copper, which has been used for nonlinear spectroscopy and development of new X-ray laser sources10–16. Here we show that strong lasing effects similar to those in the optical regime can occur at 1.5–2.1 Å wavelengths during high-intensity (>1019 W cm−2) XFEL-driven Kα1 lasing of copper and manganese. Depending on the temporal XFEL pump pulse substructure, the resulting X-ray pulses (about 106−108 photons) can exhibit strong spatial inhomogeneities and spectral splitting, inhomogeneities and broadening. Three-dimensional Maxwell–Bloch calculations17 show that the observed spatial inhomogeneities result from X-ray filamentation and that the broad spectral features are driven by sub-femtosecond Rabi cycling. Our simulations indicate that these X-ray pulses can have pulse lengths of less than 100 attoseconds and coherence properties that provide opportunities for quantum X-ray optics applications. Strong lasing effects similar to those in the optical regime can occur at 1.5–2.1 Å wavelengths during high-intensity XFEL-driven Kα1 lasing of copper and manganese.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Linker, Thomas M. and Halavanau, Aliaksei and Kroll, Thomas and Benediktovitch, Andrei and Zhang, Yu and Michine, Yurina and Chuchurka, Stasis and Abhari, Zain and Ronchetti, Daniele and Fransson, Thomas and Weninger, Clemens and Fuller, Franklin D. and Aquila, Andy and Alonso-Mori, Roberto and Boutet, Sébastien and Guetg, Marc W. and Marinelli, Agostino and Lutman, Alberto A. and Yabashi, Makina and Inoue, Ichiro and Osaka, Taito and Yamada, Jumpei and Inubushi, Yuichi and Yamaguchi, Gota and Hara, Toru and Babu, Ganguli and Salpekar, Devashish and Sayed, Farheen N. and Ajayan, Pulickel M. and Kern, Jan and Yano, Junko and Yachandra, Vittal K. and Kling, Matthias F. and Pellegrini, Claudio and Yoneda, Hitoki and Rohringer, Nina and Bergmann, Uwe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09105-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {934-940}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Attosecond inner-shell lasing at ångström wavelengths}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evidence of coulomb liquid phase in few-electron droplets. NATURE, 642(8069), 928-933. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Emergence of universal collective behaviour from interactions within a sufficiently large group of elementary constituents is a fundamental scientific concept1. In physics, correlations in fluctuating microscopic observables can provide key information about collective states of matter, such as deconfined quark–gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions2 or expanding quantum degenerate gases3,4. Mesoscopic colliders, through shot-noise measurements, have provided smoking-gun evidence on the nature of exotic electronic excitations such as fractional charges5,6, levitons7 and anyon statistics8. Yet, bridging the gap between two-particle collisions and the emergence of collectivity9 as the number of interacting particles increases10 remains a challenging task at the microscopic level. Here we demonstrate all-body correlations in the partitioning of electron droplets containing up to N = 5 electrons, driven by a moving potential well through a Y-junction in a semiconductor device. Analysing the partitioning data using high-order multivariate cumulants and finite-size scaling towards the thermodynamic limit reveals distinctive fingerprints of a strongly correlated Coulomb liquid. These fingerprints agree well with a universal limit at which the partitioning of a droplet is predicted by a single collective variable. Our electron-droplet scattering experiments illustrate how coordinated behaviour emerges through interactions of only a few elementary constituents. Studying similar signatures in other physical platforms such as cold-atom simulators4,11 or collections of anyonic excitations8,12 may help identify emergence of exotic phases and, more broadly, advance understanding of matter engineering. The emergence of universal collective behaviour is demonstrated through collisions of electron droplets containing up to five particles, which exhibit strong all-body correlations characteristic of a Coulomb liquid.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shaju, Jashwanth and Pavlovska, Elina and Suba, Ralfs and Wang, Junliang and Ouacel, Seddik and Vasselon, Thomas and Aluffi, Matteo and Mazzella, Lucas and Geffroy, Clément and Ludwig, Arne and Wieck, Andreas D. and Urdampilleta, Matias and Bäuerle, Christopher and Kashcheyevs, Vyacheslavs and Sellier, Hermann}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09139-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {928-933}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evidence of coulomb liquid phase in few-electron droplets}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Coherent bunching of anyons and dissociation in an interference experiment. NATURE, 642(8069), 922-927. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aharonov–Bohm interference of fractional quasiparticles in the quantum Hall effect generally reveals their elementary charge (e*)1–15. Recently, our interferometry experiments with several ‘particle states’ reported flux periods of ΔΦ = (e/e*)Φ0 (with Φ0 the flux quantum) at moderate temperatures16. Here we report interference measurements of ‘particle–hole conjugated’ states at filling factors ν = 2/3, 3/5 and 4/7, which revealed unexpected flux periodicities of ΔΦ = ν−1Φ0. The measured shot-noise Fano factor (F) of the partitioned quasiparticles in each of the quantum point contacts of the interferometer was F = ν (ref. 17) rather than that of the elementary charge F = e*/e (refs. 18,19). These observations indicate that the interference of bunched (clustered) elementary quasiparticles occurred for coherent pairs, triples and quadruplets, respectively. A small metallic gate (top gate), deposited in the centre of the interferometer bulk, formed an antidot (or a dot) when charged, thus introducing local quasiparticles at the perimeter of the (anti)dot. Surprisingly, such charging led to a dissociation of the ‘bunched quasiparticles’ and, thus, recovered the conventional flux periodicity set by the elementary charge of the quasiparticles. However, the shot-noise Fano factor (of each quantum point contact) consistently remained at F = ν, possibly due to the neutral modes accompanying the conjugated states. The two observations—bunching and debunching (or dissociation)—were not expected by current theories. Similar effects may arise in Jain’s ‘particle states’ (at lower temperatures) and at even denominator fractional quantum Hall states20. The coherent bunching of anyons and their dissociation was observed in an interference experiment. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ghosh, Bikash and Labendik, Maria and Umansky, Vladimir and Heiblum, Moty and Mross, David F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09143-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {922-927}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Coherent bunching of anyons and dissociation in an interference experiment}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Traceable random numbers from a non-local quantum advantage. NATURE, 642(8069), 916-921. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The unpredictability of random numbers is fundamental to both digital security1,2 and applications that fairly distribute resources3,4. However, existing random number generators have limitations—the generation processes cannot be fully traced, audited and certified to be unpredictable. The algorithmic steps used in pseudorandom number generators5 are auditable, but they cannot guarantee that their outputs were a priori unpredictable given knowledge of the initial seed. Device-independent quantum random number generators6–9 can ensure that the source of randomness was unknown beforehand, but the steps used to extract the randomness are vulnerable to tampering. Here we demonstrate a fully traceable random number generation protocol based on device-independent techniques. Our protocol extracts randomness from unpredictable non-local quantum correlations, and uses distributed intertwined hash chains to cryptographically trace and verify the extraction process. This protocol forms the basis for a public traceable and certifiable quantum randomness beacon that we have launched10. Over the first 40 days of operation, we completed the protocol 7,434 out of 7,454 attempts—a success rate of 99.7%. Each time the protocol succeeded, the beacon emitted a pulse of 512 bits of traceable randomness. The bits are certified to be uniform with error multiplied by actual success probability bounded by 2−64. The generation of certifiable and traceable randomness represents a public service that operates with an entanglement-derived advantage over comparable classical approaches. A study demonstrates a public generator of random numbers based on device-independent techniques, with the randomness being fully auditable and traceable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kavuri, Gautam A. and Palfree, Jasper and Reddy, Dileep V. and Zhang, Yanbao and Bienfang, Joshua C. and Mazurek, Michael D. and Alhejji, Mohammad A. and Siddiqui, Aliza U. and Cavanagh, Joseph M. and Dalal, Aagam and Abellán, Carlos and Amaya, Waldimar and Mitchell, Morgan W. and Stange, Katherine E. and Beale, Paul D. and Brandão, Luís T. A. N. and Booth, Harold and Peralta, René and Nam, Sae Woo and Mirin, Richard P. and Stevens, Martin J. and Knill, Emanuel and Shalm, Lynden K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09054-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {916-921}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Traceable random numbers from a non-local quantum advantage}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A neutral-atom hubbard quantum simulator in the cryogenic regime. NATURE, 642(8069), 909-915. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices offer pristine realizations of Hubbard models1, which are fundamental to modern condensed-matter physics2,3. Despite notable advancements4–6, the accessible temperatures in these optical lattice material analogues are still too high to address many open problems7–10. Here we demonstrate a several-fold reduction in temperature6,11–13, bringing large-scale quantum simulations of the Hubbard model into an entirely new regime. This is accomplished by transforming a low-entropy product state into strongly correlated states of interest via dynamic control of the model parameters14,15, which is extremely challenging to simulate classically10. At half-filling, the long-range antiferromagnetic order is close to saturation, leading to a temperature of $$T/t=0.0{5}_{-0.05}^{+0.06}$$ based on comparisons with numerically exact simulations. Doped away from half-filling, it is exceedingly challenging to realize systematically accurate and predictive numerical simulations9. Importantly, we are able to use quantum simulation to identify a new pathway for achieving similarly low temperatures with doping. This is confirmed by comparing short-range spin correlations to state-of-the-art, but approximate, constrained-path auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations16–18. Compared with the cuprates2,19,20, the reported temperatures correspond to a reduction from far above to below room temperature, at which physics such as the pseudogap and stripe phases may be expected3,19,21–24. Our work opens the door to quantum simulations that solve open questions in material science, develop synergies with numerical methods and theoretical studies, and lead to discoveries of new physics8,10. A several-fold reduction in temperature is accomplished using a neutral-atom Hubbard quantum simulator by transforming a low-entropy product state into strongly correlated states of interest via dynamic control of the model parameters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Muqing and Kendrick, Lev Haldar and Kale, Anant and Gang, Youqi and Feng, Chunhan and Zhang, Shiwei and Young, Aaron W. and Lebrat, Martin and Greiner, Markus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09112-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {909-915}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A neutral-atom hubbard quantum simulator in the cryogenic regime}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evidence for a sub-jovian planet in the young TWA 7 disk. NATURE, 642(8069), 905-908. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Planets are thought to form from dust and gas in protoplanetary disks, with debris disks being the remnants of planet formation. Aged a few million up to a few billion years, debris disks have lost their primordial gas, and their dust is produced by steady-state collisions between larger, rocky bodies1,2. Tens of debris disks, with sizes of tens, sometimes hundreds, of astronomical units have been resolved with high-spatial-resolution, high-contrast imagers at optical and near-infrared or (sub)millimetre interferometers3,4. They commonly show cavities, ring-like structures and gaps, which are often regarded as indirect signatures of the presence of planets that gravitationally interact with unseen planetesimals2,5. However, no planet responsible for these features has been detected yet, probably because of the limited sensitivity (typically 2–10 MJ) of high-contrast imaging instruments (see, for example, refs. 6–9) before the James Webb Space Telescope. Here we have used the unprecedented sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope’s Mid-Infrared Instrument10,11 in the thermal infrared to search for such planets in the disk of the approximately 6.4-Myr-old star TWA 7. With its pole-on orientation, this three-ring debris disk is indeed ideally suited for such a detection. We unambiguously detected a source 1.5 arcsec from the star, which is best interpreted as a cold, sub-Jupiter-mass planet. Its estimated mass (about 0.3 MJ) and position (about 52 au, de-projected) can thoroughly account for the main disk structures. Using the James Webb Space Telescope's Mid-Infrared Instrument, a study reports evidence for a direct detection of a cold, sub-Jupiter-mass planet in the disk of the star TWA 7. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lagrange, A.-M. and Wilkinson, C. and Mâlin, M. and Boccaletti, A. and Perrot, C. and Matrà, L. and Combes, F. and Beust, H. and Rouan, D. and Chomez, A. and Milli, J. and Charnay, B. and Mazevet, S. and Flasseur, O. and Olofsson, J. and Bayo, A. and Kral, Q. and Carter, A. and Crotts, K. A. and Delorme, P. and Chauvin, G. and Thebault, P. and Rubini, P. and Kiefer, F. and Radcliffe, A. and Mazoyer, J. and Bodrito, T. and Stasevic, S. and Langlois, M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09150-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {905-908}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evidence for a sub-jovian planet in the young TWA 7 disk}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular hydrogen in the extremely metal- and dust-poor galaxy leo p. NATURE, 642(8069), 900-904. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed unexpectedly rapid galaxy assembly in the early Universe, in tension with galaxy-formation models1–3. At the low abundances of heavy elements (metals) and dust typical in early galaxies, the formation of molecular hydrogen and its connection to star formation remain poorly understood. Some models predict that stars form in predominantly atomic gas at low metallicity4,5, in contrast to molecular gas at higher metallicities6. Despite repeated searches7, cold molecular gas has not yet been observed in any galaxy below 7% solar metallicity8. Here we report the detection of rotational emission from molecular hydrogen near the only O-type star in the 3% solar metallicity galaxy Leo P (refs. 9,10) with JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument/Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (MIRI-MRS) observing mode. These observations place a lower limit on Leo P’s molecular gas content, and modelling of the photodissociation region illuminated by the O star suggests a compact (≤2.6 pc radius), approximately 104 M⊙ cloud. We also report a stringent upper limit on carbon monoxide (CO) emission from a deep search with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Our results highlight the power of MIRI-MRS to characterize even small ultraviolet-illuminated molecular clouds in the low-metallicity regime, in which the traditional observational tracer CO is uninformative. This discovery pushes the limiting metallicity at which molecular gas is present in detectable quantities more than a factor of two lower, providing crucial empirical guidance for models of the interstellar medium in early galaxies. Observations from the JWST MIRI-MRS instrument reveal the detection of rotational emission from molecular hydrogen near the only O-type star in the 3% solar metallicity galaxy Leo P, providing confirmation that significant quantities of molecular gas can form in such metal- and dust-poor environments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Telford, O. Grace and Sandstrom, Karin M. and McQuinn, Kristen B. W. and Glover, Simon C. O. and Tarantino, Elizabeth J. and Bolatto, Alberto D. and Rickards Vaught, Ryan J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09115-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {900-904}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular hydrogen in the extremely metal- and dust-poor galaxy leo p}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An aspirational approach to planetary futures. NATURE, 642(8069), 889-899. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Prevailing frameworks to address planetary environmental challenges tend to focus on setting goals, targets, or boundaries to limit human harm to ecosystems or species. Here we propose an aspirational approach aimed at empowering people to shape a better future for all of life on Earth. We do this by building on the human development approach and its supporting metrics, especially the Human Development Index (HDI), a broadly influential framework that has contributed to decades of human progress by measuring and promoting people’s capabilities to lead the lives that they value. Rather than assessing the state or dynamics of the biosphere, we propose the Nature Relationship Index (NRI), which would focus on measuring the progress of nations towards delivering mutually beneficial relationships among people and the rest of the living world in terms that people widely understand and value. Through an open-ended process informed by expert consultation, international concept testing and indicator development, the NRI could help to incentivize progress towards a world in which humanity thrives together with the rest of life on Earth. We explore the challenges and opportunities of developing a robust NRI and invite broader participation to facilitate this development in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report. The Nature Relationship Index offers a new way to measure and engage human aspirations to shape a better future for people and all life on Earth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ellis, Erle C. and Malhi, Yadvinder and Ritchie, Hannah and Montana, Jasper and Díaz, Sandra and Obura, David and Clayton, Susan and Leach, Melissa and Pereira, Laura and Marris, Emma and Muthukrishna, Michael and Fu, Bojie and Frankopan, Peter and Grace, Molly K. and Barzin, Samira and Watene, Krushil and Depsky, Nicholas and Pasanen, Josefin and Conceição, Pedro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09080-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {889-899}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An aspirational approach to planetary futures}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The expanding repertoire of ESCRT functions in cell biology and disease. NATURE, 642(8069), 877-888. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is a multicomplex machinery comprising proteins that are conserved from bacteria to humans and has diverse roles in regulating the dynamics of cellular membranes. ESCRT functions have far-reaching consequences for cell biological processes such as intracellular traffic, membrane repair, cell signalling, metabolic regulation, cell division and genome maintenance. Here we review recent insights that emphasize the pathophysiological consequences of ESCRT dysfunctions, including infections, immune disorders, cancers and neurological diseases. We highlight the possibilities of using our knowledge about ESCRT structures and functions for drug discovery. This Review examines recently gained insights into the roles of ESCRT complexes in viral infection, immunity, cancer and neurological disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hurley, James H. and Coyne, Alyssa N. and Miączyńska, Marta and Stenmark, Harald}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08950-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {877-888}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The expanding repertoire of ESCRT functions in cell biology and disease}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cheat-proof random numbers generated from quantum entanglement. NATURE, 642(8069), 875-876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process. A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brown, Peter}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01451-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {875-876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cheat-proof random numbers generated from quantum entanglement}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Celebrating the anniversary of michael faraday’s discovery of benzene. NATURE, 642(8069), 875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Budget cuts pit NASA’s burgeoning space telescope against other projects, and marking the 1825 isolation of benzene, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archives. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01894-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Celebrating the anniversary of michael faraday’s discovery of benzene}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Y-chromosome loss in cancer and immune cells might worsen treatment outcomes. NATURE, 642(8069), 873-875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Prognosis is poor for tumours with Y-chromosome loss. Examining the interplay between cancer and immune cells sheds light on potential mechanisms. Prognosis is poor for tumours with Y-chromosome loss. Examining the interplay between cancer and immune cells sheds light on potential mechanisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McGranahan, Nicholas and Roychoudhuri, Rahul}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01450-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {873-875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Y-chromosome loss in cancer and immune cells might worsen treatment outcomes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Droplets of three electrons behave like a liquid. NATURE, 642(8069), 872-873. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiments in which systems of interacting electrons are split apart reveal the signatures of a liquid-like state — even for as few as three electrons. Experiments in which systems of interacting electrons are split apart reveal the signatures of a liquid-like state — even for as few as three electrons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kataoka, Masaya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01713-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {872-873}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Droplets of three electrons behave like a liquid}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Shifting research focus comes with the risk of reduced impact. NATURE, 642(8069), 870-871. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of millions of scientific papers and patents shows that the further a researcher or inventor moves from their previous work, the less cited their latest work will be. An analysis of millions of scientific papers and patents shows that the further a researcher or inventor moves from their previous work, the less cited their latest work will be.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Milojević, Staša}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01448-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {870-871}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Shifting research focus comes with the risk of reduced impact}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Origins of the ‘vampire fungus’ that causes white-nose syndrome in bats. NATURE, 642(8069), 869-870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An emerging fungal infection is endangering bats in America. DNA analysis reveals that the infection first arose in Europe, mediated by two fungal culprits. An emerging fungal infection is endangering bats in America. DNA analysis reveals that the infection first arose in Europe, mediated by two fungal culprits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fisher, Matthew C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01449-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {869-870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Origins of the ‘vampire fungus’ that causes white-nose syndrome in bats}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Harm’ must not be redefined by US conservation agencies. NATURE, 642(8069), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Czuba, Jonathan A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01921-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Harm’ must not be redefined by US conservation agencies}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Adversarial collaborations: All theories must be subject to critical evaluation. NATURE, 642(8069), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Snyder, Joel S. and Cheng, Tony and Klincewicz, Michał and Schmitz, Michael and Sebastián, Miguel Ángel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01922-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Adversarial collaborations: All theories must be subject to critical evaluation}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Concerned about freedom of science and truth. NATURE, 642(8069), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {von Braun, Joachim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01923-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Concerned about freedom of science and truth}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Make the study of human flourishing a global priority. NATURE, 642(8069), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Maggie Yue}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01924-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Make the study of human flourishing a global priority}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Medical AI can transform medicine — But only if we carefully track the data it touches. NATURE, 642(8069), 864-866. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The uncontrolled deployment of machine learning in medicine can distort patient information and sacrifice long-term data reliability for short-term benefits. The uncontrolled deployment of machine learning in medicine can distort patient information and sacrifice long-term data reliability for short-term benefits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vaid, Akhil}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01946-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {864-866}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Medical AI can transform medicine — But only if we carefully track the data it touches}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stories that are out of this world: Books in brief. NATURE, 642(8069), 863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01950-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stories that are out of this world: Books in brief}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Natural history museums can save the world’: Anti-colonialism, conservation and climate change. NATURE, 642(8069), 861-863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Zoologist Jack Ashby explains why it’s vital to invest in protecting specimens stored in scientific collections. Zoologist Jack Ashby explains why it’s vital to invest in protecting specimens stored in scientific collections.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01970-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {861-863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Natural history museums can save the world’: Anti-colonialism, conservation and climate change}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to make america healthy: The real problems — And best fixes. NATURE, 642(8069), 857-860. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The United States has lower life expectancy than most similarly wealthy nations. Chronic disease is part of the cause, but so are guns, drugs and cars. The United States has lower life expectancy than most similarly wealthy nations. Chronic disease is part of the cause, but so are guns, drugs and cars.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01969-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {857-860}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to make america healthy: The real problems — And best fixes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Eureka! the brain science behind lightbulb moments. NATURE, 642(8069), 854-856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experiences of insight come with a burst of brain activity — and a memory boost. Experiences of insight come with a burst of brain activity — and a memory boost.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01963-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {854-856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Eureka! the brain science behind lightbulb moments}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tiny human hearts grown in pig embryos for the first time. NATURE, 642(8069), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The hearts started to beat in the pig–human hybrids, which survived for 21 days. The hearts started to beat in the pig–human hybrids, which survived for 21 days.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01854-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tiny human hearts grown in pig embryos for the first time}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How you breathe is like a fingerprint that can identify you. NATURE, 642(8069), 851-852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Your inhalation and exhalation pattern is not only unique to you, it can be a marker of your physical and mental state, study suggests. Your inhalation and exhalation pattern is not only unique to you, it can be a marker of your physical and mental state, study suggests.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01835-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {851-852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How you breathe is like a fingerprint that can identify you}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mysterious link between earth’s magnetism and oxygen levels baffles scientists. NATURE, 642(8069), 850-851. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As Earth’s magnetic field has risen, so have the conditions that helped complex life to thrive — a discovery that could aid the search for life on distant planets. As Earth’s magnetic field has risen, so have the conditions that helped complex life to thrive — a discovery that could aid the search for life on distant planets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01862-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {850-851}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mysterious link between earth’s magnetism and oxygen levels baffles scientists}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). First ever skull from ‘Denisovan’ reveals what ancient people looked like. NATURE, 642(8069), 848-849. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ancient proteins and calcified dental plaque identify heavy-browed fossil from China as a Denisovan. Ancient proteins and calcified dental plaque identify heavy-browed fossil from China as a Denisovan.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lewis, Dyani}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01899-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {848-849}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {First ever skull from ‘Denisovan’ reveals what ancient people looked like}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who is on RFK jr’s new vaccine panel — And what will they do?. NATURE, 642(8069), 846-848. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Critics fear that the anti-vaccine health-department leader’s picks for a crucial US committee will be a ‘disaster for public health’. Critics fear that the anti-vaccine health-department leader’s picks for a crucial US committee will be a ‘disaster for public health’.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi and Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01852-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {846-848}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who is on RFK jr’s new vaccine panel — And what will they do?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Judge rules against NIH grant cuts — And calls them discriminatory. NATURE, 642(8069), 845-846. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The decision means that the US biomedical agency has to restore funding to hundreds of research projects, but the government is likely to appeal. The decision means that the US biomedical agency has to restore funding to hundreds of research projects, but the government is likely to appeal.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01914-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {845-846}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Judge rules against NIH grant cuts — And calls them discriminatory}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why pangolins are poached: They’re the tastiest animal around. NATURE, 642(8069), 843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trafficking of scales for traditional medicine plays a relatively small part in the hunting of pangolins in Nigeria. Trafficking of scales for traditional medicine plays a relatively small part in the hunting of pangolins in Nigeria.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01838-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why pangolins are poached: They’re the tastiest animal around}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One dose of gene therapy gives years of relief from blood disorder. NATURE, 642(8069), 843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The average number of bleeding episodes for men with haemophilia B dropped almost tenfold after treatment. The average number of bleeding episodes for men with haemophilia B dropped almost tenfold after treatment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01842-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One dose of gene therapy gives years of relief from blood disorder}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). This tiny robot moves mini-droplets with ease. NATURE, 642(8069), 843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnetially controlled device can combine or split microlitre-sized droplets. Magnetially controlled device can combine or split microlitre-sized droplets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01843-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {This tiny robot moves mini-droplets with ease}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sensors pinpoint the exact time of a yellowstone explosion. NATURE, 642(8069), 843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data could help to reveal the warning signs of potentially dangerous eruptions caused by liquid groundwater abruptly turning into gas. Data could help to reveal the warning signs of potentially dangerous eruptions caused by liquid groundwater abruptly turning into gas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01844-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sensors pinpoint the exact time of a yellowstone explosion}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We need to predict the people disasters will hit, not just the places. NATURE, 642(8069), 842. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Local authorities can deal with natural hazards more effectively if they know ahead of time who will be affected. Local authorities can deal with natural hazards more effectively if they know ahead of time who will be affected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Colmer, Jonathan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01968-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {842}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We need to predict the people disasters will hit, not just the places}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Missile defence won’t prevent the health crises that rock global security. NATURE, 642(8069), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As was realized after the Second World War, peace and prosperity stem from partnership and sustained investment in human development. As was realized after the Second World War, peace and prosperity stem from partnership and sustained investment in human development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Evaborhene, Nelson}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01967-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Missile defence won’t prevent the health crises that rock global security}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In the face of anti-science politics, silence is not without cost. NATURE, 642(8069), 840. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More scientific leaders need to speak out about anti-science agendas and threats to academic freedom across the world. More scientific leaders need to speak out about anti-science agendas and threats to academic freedom across the world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01966-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {840}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In the face of anti-science politics, silence is not without cost}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t sleepwalk from computer-vision research into surveillance. NATURE, 642(8069), 839-840. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The output of computer-vision research is overwhelmingly aimed towards monitoring humans. The potential ethical implications need more scrutiny. The output of computer-vision research is overwhelmingly aimed towards monitoring humans. The potential ethical implications need more scrutiny.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01965-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8069}, pages = {839-840}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t sleepwalk from computer-vision research into surveillance}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Metal–support frontier orbital interactions in single-atom catalysis. NATURE, 642(8068), E25. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Xianxian and Wen, Zhilin and Gu, Qingqing and Jiao, Long and Jiang, Hai-Long and Lv, Haifeng and Wang, Hengwei and Ding, Jiani and Lyons, Mason P. and Chang, Alvin and Feng, Zhenxing and Chen, Si and Lin, Yue and Xu, Xiaoyan and Du, Pengfei and Xu, Wenlong and Sun, Mei and Li, Yin and Yang, Bing and Zhang, Tao and Wu, Xiaojun and Lu, Junling}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09109-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {E25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Metal–support frontier orbital interactions in single-atom catalysis}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Methane oxidation to ethanol by a molecular junction photocatalyst. NATURE, 642(8068), E24. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Jijia and Fu, Cong and Quesne, Matthew G. and Guo, Jian and Wang, Chao and Xiong, Lunqiao and Windle, Christopher D. and Gadipelli, Srinivas and Guo, Zheng Xiao and Huang, Weixin and Catlow, C. Richard A. and Tang, Junwang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09193-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {E24}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Methane oxidation to ethanol by a molecular junction photocatalyst}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: On the effects of fault alignment on slip stability. NATURE, 642(8068), E22-E23. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Jaeseok and Tsai, Victor C. and Hirth, Greg and Chatterjee, Avigyan and Trugman, Daniel T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09118-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {E22-E23}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: On the effects of fault alignment on slip stability}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). On the effects of fault alignment on slip stability. NATURE, 642(8068), E19-E21. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fialko, Yuri and Kaneko, Yoshihiro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09117-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {E19-E21}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {On the effects of fault alignment on slip stability}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I can’t show my face because of pangolin poachers. NATURE, 642(8068), 832. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {This interviewee rehabilitates illegally traded pangolins that fetch a high price on the black market. This interviewee rehabilitates illegally traded pangolins that fetch a high price on the black market.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01890-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {832}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I can’t show my face because of pangolin poachers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Freeze frame: Cracking molecular motion. NATURE, 642(8068), 827-829. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy can resolve protein motion on millisecond or even microsecond timescales, but the need for highly specialized tools and skills limits the method’s reach. Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy can resolve protein motion on millisecond or even microsecond timescales, but the need for highly specialized tools and skills limits the method’s reach.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eisenstein, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01889-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {827-829}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Freeze frame: Cracking molecular motion}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Authorship for sale: Nature investigates how paper mills work. NATURE, 642(8068), 823-826. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Companies selling authorship slots thrive in a culture that equates success with a strong publication record. Customers, sleuths and the shadowy owner of a paper mill explain why. Companies selling authorship slots thrive in a culture that equates success with a strong publication record. Customers, sleuths and the shadowy owner of a paper mill explain why.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine and Leeming, Jack}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01824-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {823-826}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Authorship for sale: Nature investigates how paper mills work}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure of the ATP-driven methyl-coenzyme m reductase activation complex. NATURE, 642(8068), 814-821. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is the enzyme responsible for nearly all biologically generated methane1. Its active site comprises coenzyme F430, a porphyrin-based cofactor with a central nickel ion that is active exclusively in the Ni(I) state2,3. How methanogenic archaea perform the reductive activation of F430 represents a major gap in our understanding of one of the most ancient bioenergetic systems in nature. Here we purified and characterized the MCR activation complex from Methanococcus maripaludis. McrC, a small subunit encoded in the mcr operon, co-purifies with the methanogenic marker proteins Mmp7, Mmp17, Mmp3 and the A2 component. We demonstrated that this complex can activate MCR in vitro in a strictly ATP-dependent manner, enabling the formation of methane. In addition, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the MCR activation complex exhibiting different functional states with local resolutions reaching 1.8–2.1 Å. Our data revealed three complex iron–sulfur clusters that formed an electron transfer pathway towards F430. Topology and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses indicate that these clusters are similar to the [8Fe-9S-C] cluster, a maturation intermediate of the catalytic cofactor in nitrogenase. Altogether, our findings offer insights into the activation mechanism of MCR and prospects on the early evolution of nitrogenase. The structure and function of the MCR activation complex from Methanococcus maripaludis were revealed, demonstrating its ATP-dependent ability to activate MCR and form methane while uncovering a unique electron transfer pathway involving iron–sulfur clusters similar to the nitrogenase cofactor intermediates.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramírez-Amador, Fidel and Paul, Sophia and Kumar, Anuj and Lorent, Christian and Keller, Sebastian and Bohn, Stefan and Nguyen, Thinh and Lometto, Stefano and Vlegels, Dennis and Kahnt, Jörg and Deobald, Darja and Abendroth, Frank and Vázquez, Olalla and Hochberg, Georg and Scheller, Silvan and Stripp, Sven T. and Schuller, Jan Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08890-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {814-821}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure of the ATP-driven methyl-coenzyme m reductase activation complex}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deciphering disordered regions controlling mRNA decay in high-throughput. NATURE, 642(8068), 805-813. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intrinsically disordered regions within proteins drive specific molecular functions despite lacking a defined structure1,2. Although disordered regions are integral to controlling mRNA stability and translation, the mechanisms underlying these regulatory effects remain unclear3. Here we reveal the molecular determinants of this activity using high-throughput functional profiling. Systematic mutagenesis across hundreds of regulatory disordered elements, combined with machine learning, reveals a complex pattern of molecular features important for their activity. The presence and arrangement of aromatic residues strongly predicts the ability of seemingly diverse protein sequences to influence mRNA stability and translation. We further show how many of these regulatory elements exert their effects by engaging core mRNA decay machinery. Our results define molecular features and biochemical pathways that explain how disordered regions control mRNA expression and shed light on broader principles within functional, unstructured proteins. Using high-throughput functional profiling, how disordered regions control mRNA stability and translation is explored.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lobel, Joseph H. and Ingolia, Nicholas T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08919-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {805-813}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deciphering disordered regions controlling mRNA decay in high-throughput}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Low overlap of transcription factor DNA binding and regulatory targets. NATURE, 642(8068), 796-804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) modulate transcription and chromatin architecture, acting from regulatory sites in enhancers and promoters of eukaryotic genes1,2. How multiple TFs cooperate to regulate individual genes is still unclear. In yeast, most TFs are thought to regulate transcription via binding to upstream activating sequences, which are situated within a few hundred base pairs upstream of the regulated gene3. Although this model has been validated for individual TFs and specific genes, it has not been tested in a systematic way. Here we integrated information on the binding and expression targets for the near-complete set of yeast TFs and show that, contrary to expectations, there are few TFs with dedicated activator or repressor roles, and that most TFs have a dual function. Although nearly all protein-coding genes are regulated by one or more TFs, our analysis revealed limited overlap between TF binding and gene regulation. Rapid depletion of many TFs also revealed many regulatory targets that were distant from detectable TF binding sites, suggesting unexpected regulatory mechanisms. Our study provides a comprehensive survey of TF functions and offers insights into interactions between the set of TFs expressed in a single cell type and how they contribute to the complex programme of gene regulation. A near-complete survey of transcription factor activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that most transcription factors have both activator and repressor activities and limited overlap between their binding sites on DNA and regulation of nearby genes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mahendrawada, Lakshmi and Warfield, Linda and Donczew, Rafal and Hahn, Steven}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08916-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {796-804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Low overlap of transcription factor DNA binding and regulatory targets}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multigenerational cell tracking of DNA replication and heritable DNA damage. NATURE, 642(8068), 785-795. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cell heterogeneity is a universal feature of life. Although biological processes affected by cell-to-cell variation are manifold, from developmental plasticity to tumour heterogeneity and differential drug responses, the sources of cell heterogeneity remain largely unclear1,2. Mutational and epigenetic signatures from cancer (epi)genomics are powerful for deducing processes that shaped cancer genome evolution3–5. However, retrospective analyses face difficulties in resolving how cellular heterogeneity emerges and is propagated to subsequent cell generations. Here, we used multigenerational single-cell tracking based on endogenously labelled proteins and custom-designed computational tools to elucidate how oncogenic perturbations induce sister cell asymmetry and phenotypic heterogeneity. Dual CRISPR-based genome editing enabled simultaneous tracking of DNA replication patterns and heritable endogenous DNA lesions. Cell lineage trees of up to four generations were tracked in asynchronously growing cells, and time-resolved lineage analyses were combined with end-point measurements of cell cycle and DNA damage markers through iterative staining. Besides revealing replication and repair dynamics, damage inheritance and emergence of sister cell heterogeneity across multiple cell generations, through combination with single-cell transcriptomics, we delineate how common oncogenic events trigger multiple routes towards polyploidization with distinct outcomes for genome integrity. Our study provides a framework to dissect phenotypic plasticity at the single-cell level and sheds light onto cellular processes that may resemble early events during cancer development. A multigenerational single-cell tracking approach provides a framework to dissect phenotypic plasticity at the single-cell level, offering insights into cellular processes that may resemble early events during cancer development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Panagopoulos, Andreas and Stout, Merula and Kilic, Sinan and Leary, Peter and Vornberger, Julia and Pasti, Virginia and Galarreta, Antonio and Lezaja, Aleksandra and Kirschenbühler, Kyra and Imhof, Ralph and Rehrauer, Hubert and Ziegler, Urs and Altmeyer, Matthias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08986-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {785-795}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multigenerational cell tracking of DNA replication and heritable DNA damage}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting PIKfyve-driven lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 642(8068), 776-784. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subsists in a nutrient-deregulated microenvironment, making it particularly susceptible to treatments that interfere with cancer metabolism1,2. For example, PDAC uses, and is dependent on, high levels of autophagy and other lysosomal processes3–5. Although targeting these pathways has shown potential in preclinical studies, progress has been hampered by the difficulty in identifying and characterizing favourable targets for drug development6. Here, we characterize PIKfyve, a lipid kinase that is integral to lysosomal functioning7, as a targetable vulnerability in PDAC. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we established that PIKfyve is essential to PDAC progression. Furthermore, through comprehensive metabolic analyses, we found that PIKfyve inhibition forces PDAC to upregulate a distinct transcriptional and metabolic program favouring de novo lipid synthesis. In PDAC, the KRAS–MAPK signalling pathway is a primary driver of de novo lipid synthesis. Accordingly, simultaneously targeting PIKfyve and KRAS–MAPK resulted in the elimination of the tumour burden in numerous preclinical human and mouse models. Taken together, these studies indicate that disrupting lipid metabolism through PIKfyve inhibition induces synthetic lethality in conjunction with KRAS–MAPK-directed therapies for PDAC. A study of human and mouse models of pancreatic cancer finds that inhibiting the lipid kinase PIKfyve interferes with the cancer’s lipid homeostasis, making it a potential target for drug development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cheng, Caleb and Hu, Jing and Mannan, Rahul and He, Tongchen and Bhattacharyya, Rupam and Magnuson, Brian and Wisniewski, Jasmine P. and Peters, Sydney and Karim, Saadia A. and MacLean, David J. and Karabürk, Hüseyin and Zhang, Li and Rossiter, Nicholas J. and Zheng, Yang and Xiao, Lanbo and Li, Chungen and Awad, Dominik and Mahapatra, Somnath and Bao, Yi and Zhang, Yuping and Cao, Xuhong and Wang, Zhen and Mehra, Rohit and Morlacchi, Pietro and Sahai, Vaibhav and Pasca di Magliano, Marina and Shah, Yatrik M. and Weisman, Lois S. and Morton, Jennifer P. and Ding, Ke and Qiao, Yuanyuan and Lyssiotis, Costas A. and Chinnaiyan, Arul M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08917-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {776-784}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting PIKfyve-driven lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Selective inhibition of stromal mechanosensing suppresses cardiac fibrosis. NATURE, 642(8068), 766-775. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Matrix-derived biophysical cues are known to regulate the activation of fibroblasts and their subsequent transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts1–6, but whether modulation of these signals can suppress fibrosis in intact tissues remains unclear, particularly in the cardiovascular system7–10. Here we demonstrate across multiple scales that inhibition of matrix mechanosensing in persistently activated cardiac fibroblasts potentiates—in concert with soluble regulators of the TGFβ pathway—a robust transcriptomic, morphological and metabolic shift towards quiescence. By conducting a meta-analysis of public human and mouse single-cell sequencing datasets, we identify the focal-adhesion-associated tyrosine kinase SRC as a fibroblast-enriched mechanosensor that can be targeted selectively in stromal cells to mimic the effects of matrix softening in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of SRC by saracatinib, coupled with TGFβ suppression, induces synergistic repression of key profibrotic gene programs in fibroblasts, characterized by a marked inhibition of the MRTF–SRF pathway, which is not seen after treatment with either drug alone. Importantly, the dual treatment alleviates contractile dysfunction in fibrotic engineered heart tissues and in a mouse model of heart failure. Our findings point to joint inhibition of SRC-mediated stromal mechanosensing and TGFβ signalling as a potential mechanotherapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular fibrosis. Inhibition of a cardiac stroma-enriched mechanosensor, SRC—in concert with suppression of the TGFβ pathway—potentiates the reversal of fibroblast activation and alleviates contractile dysfunction in fibrotic hearts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cho, Sangkyun and Rhee, Siyeon and Madl, Christopher M. and Caudal, Arianne and Thomas, Dilip and Kim, Hyeonyu and Kojic, Ana and Shin, Hye Sook and Mahajan, Abhay and Jahng, James W. and Wang, Xi and Thai, Phung N. and Paik, David T. and Wang, Mingqiang and Mullen, McKay and Baker, Natalie M. and Leitz, Jeremy and Mukherjee, Souhrid and Winn, Virginia D. and Woo, Y. Joseph and Blau, Helen M. and Wu, Joseph C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08945-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {766-775}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Selective inhibition of stromal mechanosensing suppresses cardiac fibrosis}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PRDM16-dependent antigen-presenting cells induce tolerance to gut antigens. NATURE, 642(8068), 756-765. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to foreign antigens in food and commensal microorganisms with potential to induce adaptive immune responses. Peripherally induced T regulatory (pTreg) cells are essential for mitigating inflammatory responses to these agents1–4. Although RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been shown to programme gut microbiota-specific pTreg cells5–7, their definition remains incomplete, and the APC responsible for food tolerance has remained unknown. Here we identify an APC subset that is required for differentiation of both food- and microbiota-specific pTreg cells and for establishment of oral tolerance. Development and function of these APCs require expression of the transcription factors PRDM16 and RORγt, as well as a unique Rorc(t) cis-regulatory element. Gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and surface marker analysis establish the pTreg-inducing APCs as myeloid in origin, distinct from type 3 innate lymphoid cells, and sharing epigenetic profiles with classical dendritic cells, and designate them PRDM16+RORγt+ tolerizing dendritic cells (tolDCs). Upon genetic perturbation of tolDCs, we observe a substantial increase in food antigen-specific T helper 2 cells in lieu of pTreg cells, leading to compromised tolerance in mouse models of asthma and food allergy. Single-cell analyses of freshly resected mesenteric lymph nodes from a human organ donor, as well as multiple specimens of human intestine and tonsil, reveal candidate tolDCs with co-expression of PRDM16 and RORC and an extensive transcriptome shared with tolDCs from mice, highlighting an evolutionarily conserved role across species. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of how tolDCs develop and how they regulate T cell responses to food and microbial antigens could offer new insights into developing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as organ transplant tolerance. A subset of antigen-presenting cells of myeloid origin that require PRDM16 and RORγt regulates T cell function to enable immune tolerance of food and commensal gut microorganisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fu, Liuhui and Upadhyay, Rabi and Pokrovskii, Maria and Chen, Francis M. and Romero-Meza, Gabriela and Griesemer, Adam and Littman, Dan R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08982-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {756-765}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PRDM16-dependent antigen-presenting cells induce tolerance to gut antigens}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Diet outperforms microbial transplant to drive microbiome recovery in mice. NATURE, 642(8068), 747-755. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A high-fat, low-fibre Western-style diet (WD) induces microbiome dysbiosis characterized by reduced taxonomic diversity and metabolic breadth1,2, which in turn increases risk for a wide array of metabolic3–5, immune6 and systemic pathologies. Recent work has established that WD can impair microbiome resilience to acute perturbations such as antibiotic treatment7,8, although little is known about the mechanism of impairment and the specific consequences for the host of prolonged post-antibiotic dysbiosis. Here we characterize the trajectory by which the gut microbiome recovers its taxonomic and functional profile after antibiotic treatment in mice on regular chow (RC) or WD, and find that only mice on RC undergo a rapid successional process of recovery. Metabolic modelling indicates that a RC diet promotes the development of syntrophic cross-feeding interactions, whereas in mice on WD, a dominant taxon monopolizes readily available resources without releasing syntrophic byproducts. Intervention experiments reveal that an appropriate dietary resource environment is both necessary and sufficient for rapid and robust microbiome recovery, whereas microbial transplant is neither. Furthermore, prolonged post-antibiotic dysbiosis in mice on WD renders them susceptible to infection by the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Our data challenge widespread enthusiasm for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a strategy to address dysbiosis, and demonstrate that specific dietary interventions are, at a minimum, an essential prerequisite for effective FMT, and may afford a safer, more natural and less invasive alternative. Experiments in mouse models show that proper recovery of the intestinal microbiota following depletion, with or without faecal microbiota transplant therapy, is dependent on syntrophic interactions that occur only with specific dietary interventions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kennedy, M. S. and Freiburger, A. and Cooper, M. and Beilsmith, K. and St George, M. L. and Kalski, M. and Cham, C. and Guzzetta, A. and Ng, S. C. and Chan, F. K. and DeLeon, O. and Rubin, D. and Henry, C. S. and Bergelson, J. and Chang, E. B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08937-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {747-755}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Diet outperforms microbial transplant to drive microbiome recovery in mice}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A MERS-CoV-like mink coronavirus uses ACE2 as an entry receptor. NATURE, 642(8068), 739-746. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite accumulating evidence that bat-derived coronaviruses often require intermediate hosts to facilitate transmission to humans1, the potential role of fur animals in zoonotic coronavirus spillovers has largely been overlooked2. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a previously undescribed mink respiratory coronavirus (MRCoV) from farmed minks with pneumonia. Notably, MRCoV uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry receptor and can infect mink, bat, monkey and human cells. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses revealed that the MRCoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds to the same interface on ACE2 receptors as the RBD of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) despite structural differences. We identify the key determinants on the RBD of MRCoV and ACE2 that confer efficient binding. HKU5-33S, a bat coronavirus closely related to MRCoV, uses ACE2 of the bat Pipistrellus abramus for cell entry and requires only two amino acid substitutions to adapt to mink ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 protease and polymerase inhibitors potently block MRCoV infection, thereby indicating a potential therapeutic strategy. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of coronavirus receptor dynamics and highlight their zoonotic potential. Given the risks posed by fur farms as reservoirs for emerging pathogens, our study underscores the need for enhanced surveillance to mitigate future coronavirus outbreaks. A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Ningning and Ji, Weiwei and Jiao, Houqi and Veit, Michael and Sun, Ju and Wang, Yanjun and Ma, Xing and Wang, Yu and Wang, Yutong and Li, Xin-xin and Zhang, Xiaoguang and Chen, Jie and Wei, Jiayu and Xu, Ying and Guo, Dawei and Zhai, Xiaofeng and Merits, Andres and Li, Chang and Rey, Félix A. and Dobrikov, Georgi M. and Gao, George F. and Zhang, Shuijun and Bi, Yuhai and Su, Shuo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09007-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {739-746}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A MERS-CoV-like mink coronavirus uses ACE2 as an entry receptor}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular basis of positional memory in limb regeneration. NATURE, 642(8068), 730-738. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The amputation of a salamander limb triggers anterior and posterior connective tissue cells to form distinct signalling centres that together fuel regeneration1. Anterior and posterior identities are established during development and are thought to persist for the whole life in the form of positional memory2. However, the molecular basis of positional memory and whether positional memory can be altered remain unknown. Here, we identify a positive-feedback loop that is responsible for posterior identity in the limb of an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Posterior cells express residual Hand2 transcription factor from development, and this primes them to form a Shh signalling centre after limb amputation. During regeneration, Shh signalling is also upstream of Hand2 expression. After regeneration, Shh is shut down but Hand2 is sustained, safeguarding posterior memory. We used this regeneration circuitry to convert anterior cells to a posterior-cell memory state. Transient exposure of anterior cells to Shh during regeneration kick-started an ectopic Hand2–Shh loop, leading to stable Hand2 expression and lasting competence to express Shh. Our results implicate positive-feedback in the stability of positional memory and reveal that positional memory is reprogrammed more easily in one direction (anterior to posterior) than in the other. Modifying positional memory in regenerative cells changes their signalling outputs, which has implications for tissue engineering. A molecular analysis of axolotl limb regeneration has identified a positive genetic circuit that maintains posterior cell identity and can be used to reprogramme anterior cells into posterior cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Otsuki, L. and Plattner, S. A. and Taniguchi-Sugiura, Y. and Falcon, F. and Tanaka, E. M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09036-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {730-738}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular basis of positional memory in limb regeneration}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Single-cell transcriptomics reveal how root tissues adapt to soil stress. NATURE, 642(8068), 721-729. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Land plants thrive in soils showing vastly different properties and environmental stresses1. Root systems can adapt to contrasting soil conditions and stresses, yet how their responses are programmed at the individual cell scale remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic approaches, we showed major expression changes in outer root cell types when comparing the single-cell transcriptomes of rice roots grown in gel versus soil conditions. These tissue-specific transcriptional responses are related to nutrient homeostasis, cell wall integrity and defence in response to heterogeneous soil versus homogeneous gel growth conditions. We also demonstrate how the model soil stress, termed compaction, triggers expression changes in cell wall remodelling and barrier formation in outer and inner root tissues, regulated by abscisic acid released from phloem cells. Our study reveals how root tissues communicate and adapt to contrasting soil conditions at single-cell resolution. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic approaches reveal major expression changes in outer root cell types when grown in soil versus gel conditions, and also uncover how root tissues communicate and adapt to contrasting soil conditions at single-cell resolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Mingyuan and Hsu, Che-Wei and Peralta Ogorek, Lucas L. and Taylor, Isaiah W. and La Cavera, Salvatore and Oliveira, Dyoni M. and Verma, Lokesh and Mehra, Poonam and Mijar, Medhavinee and Sadanandom, Ari and Perez-Cota, Fernando and Boerjan, Wout and Nolan, Trevor M. and Bennett, Malcolm J. and Benfey, Philip N. and Pandey, Bipin K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08941-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {721-729}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Single-cell transcriptomics reveal how root tissues adapt to soil stress}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Phenotypic complexities of rare heterozygous neurexin-1 deletions. NATURE, 642(8068), 710-720. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Given the large number of genes significantly associated with risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, a critical unanswered question is the extent to which diverse mutations—sometimes affecting the same gene—will require tailored therapeutic strategies. Here we consider this in the context of rare neuropsychiatric disorder-associated copy number variants (2p16.3) resulting in heterozygous deletions in NRXN1, which encodes a presynaptic cell-adhesion protein that serves as a critical synaptic organizer in the brain. Complex patterns of NRXN1 alternative splicing are fundamental to establishing diverse neurocircuitry, vary between the cell types of the brain and are differentially affected by unique (non-recurrent) deletions1. We contrast the cell-type-specific effect of patient-specific mutations in NRXN1 using human-induced pluripotent stem cells, finding that perturbations in NRXN1 splicing result in divergent cell-type-specific synaptic outcomes. Through distinct loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) mechanisms, NRXN1+/− deletions cause decreased synaptic activity in glutamatergic neurons, yet increased synaptic activity in GABAergic neurons. Reciprocal isogenic manipulations causally demonstrate that aberrant splicing drives these changes in synaptic activity. For NRXN1 deletions, and perhaps more broadly, precision medicine will require stratifying patients based on whether their gene mutations act through LOF or GOF mechanisms, to achieve individualized restoration of NRXN1 isoform repertoires by increasing wild-type and/or ablating mutant isoforms. Given the increasing number of mutations predicted to engender both LOF and GOF mechanisms in brain disorders, our findings add nuance to future considerations of precision medicine. How NRXN1 variants affect multiple neuropsychiatric disorders is explored.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fernando, Michael B. and Fan, Yu and Zhang, Yanchun and Tokolyi, Alex and Murphy, Aleta N. and Kammourh, Sarah and Deans, P. J. Michael and Ghorbani, Sadaf and Onatzevitch, Ryan and Pero, Adriana and Padilla, Christopher and Williams, Sarah E. and Flaherty, Erin K. and Prytkova, Iya A. and Cao, Lei and Knowles, David A. and Fang, Gang and Slesinger, Paul A. and Brennand, Kristen J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08864-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {710-720}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Phenotypic complexities of rare heterozygous neurexin-1 deletions}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A neural mechanism for learning from delayed postingestive feedback. NATURE, 642(8068), 700-709. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animals learn the value of foods on the basis of their postingestive effects and thereby develop aversions to foods that are toxic1–10 and preferences to those that are nutritious11–13. However, it remains unclear how the brain is able to assign credit to flavours experienced during a meal with postingestive feedback signals that can arise after a substantial delay. Here we reveal an unexpected role for the postingestive reactivation of neural flavour representations in this temporal credit-assignment process. To begin, we leverage the fact that mice learn to associate novel14,15, but not familiar, flavours with delayed gastrointestinal malaise signals to investigate how the brain represents flavours that support aversive postingestive learning. Analyses of brain-wide activation patterns reveal that a network of amygdala regions is unique in being preferentially activated by novel flavours across every stage of learning (consumption, delayed malaise and memory retrieval). By combining high-density recordings in the amygdala with optogenetic stimulation of malaise-coding hindbrain neurons, we show that delayed malaise signals selectively reactivate flavour representations in the amygdala from a recent meal. The degree of malaise-driven reactivation of individual neurons predicts the strengthening of flavour responses upon memory retrieval, which in turn leads to stabilization of the population-level representation of the recently consumed flavour. By contrast, flavour representations in the amygdala degrade in the absence of unexpected postingestive consequences. Thus, we demonstrate that postingestive reactivation and plasticity of neural flavour representations may support learning from delayed feedback. Illness signals from the gut reactivate and strengthen flavour representations in the amygdala to support learning from delayed postingestive feedback.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zimmerman, Christopher A. and Bolkan, Scott S. and Pan-Vazquez, Alejandro and Wu, Bichan and Keppler, Emma F. and Meares-Garcia, Jordan B. and Guthman, Eartha Mae and Fetcho, Robert N. and McMannon, Brenna and Lee, Junuk and Hoag, Austin T. and Lynch, Laura A. and Janarthanan, Sanjeev R. and López Luna, Juan F. and Bondy, Adrian G. and Falkner, Annegret L. and Wang, Samuel S.-H. and Witten, Ilana B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08828-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {700-709}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A neural mechanism for learning from delayed postingestive feedback}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A multidimensional distributional map of future reward in dopamine neurons. NATURE, 642(8068), 691-699. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Midbrain dopamine neurons (DANs) signal reward-prediction errors that teach recipient circuits about expected rewards1. However, DANs are thought to provide a substrate for temporal difference (TD) reinforcement learning (RL), an algorithm that learns the mean of temporally discounted expected future rewards, discarding useful information about experienced distributions of reward amounts and delays2. Here we present time–magnitude RL (TMRL), a multidimensional variant of distributional RL that learns the joint distribution of future rewards over time and magnitude. We also uncover signatures of TMRL-like computations in the activity of optogenetically identified DANs in mice during behaviour. Specifically, we show that there is significant diversity in both temporal discounting and tuning for the reward magnitude across DANs. These features allow the computation of a two-dimensional, probabilistic map of future rewards from just 450 ms of the DAN population response to a reward-predictive cue. Furthermore, reward-time predictions derived from this code correlate with anticipatory behaviour, suggesting that similar information is used to guide decisions about when to act. Finally, by simulating behaviour in a foraging environment, we highlight the benefits of a joint probability distribution of reward over time and magnitude in the face of dynamic reward landscapes and internal states. These findings show that rich probabilistic reward information is learnt and communicated to DANs, and suggest a simple, local-in-time extension of TD algorithms that explains how such information might be acquired and computed. An algorithm called time–magnitude reinforcement learning (TMRL) extends distributional reinforcement learning to take account of reward time and magnitude, and behavioural and neurophysiological experiments in mice suggest that midbrain dopamine neurons use TMRL-like computations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sousa, Margarida and Bujalski, Pawel and Cruz, Bruno F. and Louie, Kenway and McNamee, Daniel C. and Paton, Joseph J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09089-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {691-699}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A multidimensional distributional map of future reward in dopamine neurons}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multi-timescale reinforcement learning in the brain. NATURE, 642(8068), 682-690. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To thrive in complex environments, animals and artificial agents must learn to act adaptively to maximize fitness and rewards. Such adaptive behaviour can be learned through reinforcement learning1, a class of algorithms that has been successful at training artificial agents2–5 and at characterizing the firing of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain6–8. In classical reinforcement learning, agents discount future rewards exponentially according to a single timescale, known as the discount factor. Here we explore the presence of multiple timescales in biological reinforcement learning. We first show that reinforcement agents learning at a multitude of timescales possess distinct computational benefits. Next, we report that dopaminergic neurons in mice performing two behavioural tasks encode reward prediction error with a diversity of discount time constants. Our model explains the heterogeneity of temporal discounting in both cue-evoked transient responses and slower timescale fluctuations known as dopamine ramps. Crucially, the measured discount factor of individual neurons is correlated across the two tasks, suggesting that it is a cell-specific property. Together, our results provide a new paradigm for understanding functional heterogeneity in dopaminergic neurons and a mechanistic basis for the empirical observation that humans and animals use non-exponential discounts in many situations9–12, and open new avenues for the design of more-efficient reinforcement learning algorithms. Individual dopaminergic neurons encode future rewards over distinct temporal horizons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Masset, Paul and Tano, Pablo and Kim, HyungGoo R. and Malik, Athar N. and Pouget, Alexandre and Uchida, Naoshige}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08929-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {682-690}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multi-timescale reinforcement learning in the brain}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sequence diversity lost in early pregnancy. NATURE, 642(8068), 672-681. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Every generation, the human genome is shuffled during meiosis and a single fertilized egg gives rise to all of the cells of the body1. Meiotic errors leading to chromosomal abnormalities are known causes of pregnancy loss2,3, but genetic aetiologies of euploid pregnancy loss remain largely unexplained4. Here we characterize sequence diversity in early pregnancy loss through whole-genome sequencing of 1,007 fetal samples and 934 parental samples from 467 trios affected by pregnancy loss (fetus, mother and father). Sequenced parental genomes enabled us to determine both the parental and meiotic origins of chromosomal abnormalities, detected in half of our set. It further enabled us to assess de novo mutations on both homologous chromosomes from parents transmitting extra chromosomes, and date them, revealing that 6.6% of maternal mutations occurred before sister chromatid formation in fetal oocytes. We find a similar number of de novo mutations in the trios affected by pregnancy loss as in 9,651 adult trios, but three times the number of pathogenic small (<50 bp) sequence variant genotypes in the loss cases compared with adults. Overall, our findings indicate that around 1 in 136 pregnancies is lost due to a pathogenic small sequence variant genotype in the fetus. Our results highlight the vast sequence diversity that is lost in early pregnancy. Around 1 in 136 pregnancies is lost due to a pathogenic small sequence variant genotype in the fetus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arnadottir, Gudny A. and Jonsson, Hakon and Hartwig, Tanja Schlaikjær and Gruhn, Jennifer R. and Møller, Peter Loof and Gylfason, Arnaldur and Westergaard, David and Chan, Andrew Chi-Ho and Oddsson, Asmundur and Stefansdottir, Lilja and Roux, Louise le and Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur and Swerford Moore, Kristjan H. and Olafsson, Sigurgeir and Olason, Pall I. and Eggertsson, Hannes P. and Halldórsson, Gísli H. and Walters, G. Bragi and Stefansson, Hreinn and Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A. and Palsson, Gunnar and Jensson, Brynjar O. and Fridriksdottir, Run and Petersen, Jesper Friis and Helgason, Agnar and Norddahl, Gudmundur L. and Rohde, Palle Duun and Saemundsdottir, Jona and Magnusson, Olafur Th. and Halldorsson, Bjarni V. and Bliddal, Sofie and Banasik, Karina and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. and Nyegaard, Mette and Sulem, Patrick and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Hoffmann, Eva R. and Nielsen, Henriette Svarre and Stefansson, Kari}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09031-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {672-681}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sequence diversity lost in early pregnancy}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A pangenome reference of wild and cultivated rice. NATURE, 642(8068), 662-671. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oryza rufipogon, the wild progenitor of Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa, is an important resource for rice breeding1. Here we present a wild–cultivated rice pangenome based on 145 chromosome-level assemblies, comprising 129 genetically diverse O. rufipogon accessions and 16 diverse varieties of O. sativa. This pangenome contains 3.87 Gb of sequences that are absent from the O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare reference genome. We captured alternate assemblies that include heterozygous information missing in the primary assemblies, and identified a total of 69,531 pan-genes, with 28,907 core genes and 13,728 wild-rice-specific genes. We observed a higher abundance and a significantly greater diversity of resistance-gene analogues in wild rice than in cultivars. Our analysis indicates that two cultivated subpopulations, intro-indica and basmati, were generated through gene flows among cultivars in South Asia. We also provide strong evidence to support the theory that the initial domestication of all Asian cultivated rice occurred only once. Furthermore, we captured 855,122 differentiated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 13,853 differentiated presence–absence variations between indica and japonica, which could be traced to the divergence of their respective ancestors and the existence of a larger genetic bottleneck in japonica. This study provides reference resources for enhancing rice breeding, and enriches our understanding of the origins and domestication process of rice. A pangenome of wild and cultivated rice accessions captures the entire set of non-redundant genes and diversity in rice, and provides insights into the pathways involved in the evolution of rice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Dongling and Li, Yan and Lu, Hengyun and Zhao, Yan and Kurata, Nori and Wei, Xinghua and Wang, Ahong and Wang, Yongchun and Zhan, Qilin and Fan, Danlin and Zhou, Congcong and Lu, Yiqi and Tian, Qilin and Weng, Qijun and Feng, Qi and Huang, Tao and Zhang, Lei and Gu, Zhoulin and Wang, Changsheng and Wang, Ziqun and Wang, Zixuan and Huang, Xuehui and Zhao, Qiang and Han, Bin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08883-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {662-671}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A pangenome reference of wild and cultivated rice}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plant diversity dynamics over space and time in a warming arctic. NATURE, 642(8068), 653-661. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average1 and plant communities are responding through shifts in species abundance, composition and distribution2–4. However, the direction and magnitude of local changes in plant diversity in the Arctic have not been quantified. Using a compilation of 42,234 records of 490 vascular plant species from 2,174 plots across the Arctic, here we quantified temporal changes in species richness and composition through repeat surveys between 1981 and 2022. We also identified the geographical, climatic and biotic drivers behind these changes. We found greater species richness at lower latitudes and warmer sites, but no indication that, on average, species richness had changed directionally over time. However, species turnover was widespread, with 59% of plots gaining and/or losing species. Proportions of species gains and losses were greater where temperatures had increased the most. Shrub expansion, particularly of erect shrubs, was associated with greater species losses and decreasing species richness. Despite changes in plant composition, Arctic plant communities did not become more similar to each other, suggesting no biotic homogenization so far. Overall, Arctic plant communities changed in richness and composition in different directions, with temperature and plant–plant interactions emerging as the main drivers of change. Our findings demonstrate how climate and biotic drivers can act in concert to alter plant composition, which could precede future biodiversity changes that are likely to affect ecosystem function, wildlife habitats and the livelihoods of Arctic peoples5,6. Warming temperatures and interactions between plants are the main drivers of changes in Arctic plant communities in response to climate change, and there is no evidence of overall biotic homogenization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {García Criado, Mariana and Myers-Smith, Isla H. and Bjorkman, Anne D. and Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Normand, Signe and Aastrup, Peter and Aerts, Rien and Alatalo, Juha M. and Baeten, Lander and Björk, Robert G. and Björkman, Mats P. and Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie and Butler, Ethan E. and Cooper, Elisabeth J. and Cornelissen, J. Hans C. and Daskalova, Gergana N. and Fadrique, Belen and Forbes, Bruce C. and Henry, Greg H. R. and Hollister, Robert D. and Høye, Toke Thomas and Jacobsen, Ida Bomholt Dyrholm and Jägerbrand, Annika K. and Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. and Kaarlejärvi, Elina and Khitun, Olga and Klanderud, Kari and Kolari, Tiina H. M. and Lang, Simone I. and Lecomte, Nicolas and Lenoir, Jonathan and Macek, Petr and Messier, Julie and Michelsen, Anders and Molau, Ulf and Muscarella, Robert and Nielsen, Marie-Louise and Petit Bon, Matteo and Post, Eric and Raundrup, Katrine and Rinnan, Riikka and Rixen, Christian and Ryde, Ingvild and Serra-Diaz, Josep M. and Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela and Schmidt, Niels M. and Schrodt, Franziska and Sjögersten, Sofie and Steinbauer, Manuel J. and Stewart, Lærke and Strandberg, Beate and Tolvanen, Anne and Tweedie, Craig E. and Vellend, Mark}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08946-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {653-661}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plant diversity dynamics over space and time in a warming arctic}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation. NATURE, 642(8068), 644-652. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change threatens global food systems1, but the extent to which adaptation will reduce losses remains unknown and controversial2. Even within the well-studied context of US agriculture, some analyses argue that adaptation will be widespread and climate damages small3,4, whereas others conclude that adaptation will be limited and losses severe5,6. Scenario-based analyses indicate that adaptation should have notable consequences on global agricultural productivity7–9, but there has been no systematic study of how extensively real-world producers actually adapt at the global scale. Here we empirically estimate the impact of global producer adaptations using longitudinal data on six staple crops spanning 12,658 regions, capturing two-thirds of global crop calories. We estimate that global production declines 5.5 × 1014 kcal annually per 1 °C global mean surface temperature (GMST) rise (120 kcal per person per day or 4.4% of recommended consumption per 1 °C; P < 0.001). We project that adaptation and income growth alleviate 23% of global losses in 2050 and 34% at the end of the century (6% and 12%, respectively; moderate-emissions scenario), but substantial residual losses remain for all staples except rice. In contrast to analyses of other outcomes that project the greatest damages to the global poor10,11, we find that global impacts are dominated by losses to modern-day breadbaskets with favourable climates and limited present adaptation, although losses in low-income regions losses are also substantial. These results indicate a scale of innovation, cropland expansion or further adaptation that might be necessary to ensure food security in a changing climate. Analysis of data on six stable crops, capturing two-thirds of global crop calories, allows estimation of agricultural impacts and the potential of global producer adaptations to reduce output losses owing to climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hultgren, Andrew and Carleton, Tamma and Delgado, Michael and Gergel, Diana R. and Greenstone, Michael and Houser, Trevor and Hsiang, Solomon and Jina, Amir and Kopp, Robert E. and Malevich, Steven B. and McCusker, Kelly E. and Mayer, Terin and Nath, Ishan and Rising, James and Rode, Ashwin and Yuan, Jiacan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09085-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {644-652}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Drivers of the extreme north atlantic marine heatwave during 2023. NATURE, 642(8068), 636-643. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {North Atlantic Ocean circulation and temperature patterns profoundly influence global and regional climate across all timescales, from synoptic1 to seasonal2–4, decadal5, multidecadal6,7 and beyond8,9. During 2023, an extreme and near-basin-scale marine heatwave developed during Northern Hemisphere summer, peaking in July. The warming spread across virtually all regions of the North Atlantic, including the subpolar ocean, where a cooling trend over the past 50–100 years has been linked to a slowdown in the meridional overturning circulation10,11. Yet the mechanisms that led to this exceptional surface ocean warming remain unclear. Here we use observationally constrained atmospheric reanalyses alongside ocean observations and model simulations to show that air–sea heat fluxes acting on an extremely shallow surface mixed layer, rather than anomalous ocean heat transport, were responsible for this extreme ocean warming event. The dominant driver is shown to be anomalously weak winds leading to strongly shoaling (shallowing) mixed layers, resulting in a rapid temperature increase in a shallow surface layer of the North Atlantic. Furthermore, solar radiation anomalies made regional-scale warming contributions in locations that approximately correspond to some of the region’s main shipping lanes, suggesting that reduced sulfate emissions could also have played a localized role. With a trend towards shallower mixed layers observed over recent decades, and projections that this will continue into the future, the severity of North Atlantic marine heatwaves is set to worsen. Atmospheric reanalyses combined with ocean observations and model simulations show that the extreme 2023 North Atlantic heatwave was primarily driven by anomalously weak winds leading to strongly shoaling mixed layers, with a smaller contribution from clearer skies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {England, Matthew H. and Li, Zhi and Huguenin, Maurice F. and Kiss, Andrew E. and Sen Gupta, Alex and Holmes, Ryan M. and Rahmstorf, Stefan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08903-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {636-643}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Drivers of the extreme north atlantic marine heatwave during 2023}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Warming accelerates global drought severity. NATURE, 642(8068), 628-635. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Drought is one of the most common and complex natural hazards affecting the environment, economies and populations globally1–4. However, there are significant uncertainties in global drought trends4–6, and a limited understanding of the extent to which a key driver, atmospheric evaporative demand (AED), impacts the recent evolution of the magnitude, frequency, duration and areal extent of droughts. Here, by developing an ensemble of high-resolution global drought datasets for 1901–2022, we find an increasing trend in drought severity worldwide. Our findings suggest that AED has increased drought severity by an average of 40% globally. Not only are typically dry regions becoming drier but also wet areas are experiencing drying trends. During the past 5 years (2018–2022), the areas in drought have expanded by 74% on average compared with 1981–2017, with AED contributing to 58% of this increase. The year 2022 was record-breaking, with 30% of the global land area affected by moderate and extreme droughts, 42% of which was attributed to increased AED. Our findings indicate that AED has an increasingly important role in driving severe droughts and that this tendency will likely continue under future warming scenarios. Increased atmospheric evaporative demand in recent years has increased drought severity by an average of 40% globally across both dry and wet regions, and the trend is likely to continue under future warming scenarios.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gebrechorkos, Solomon H. and Sheffield, Justin and Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M. and Funk, Chris and Miralles, Diego G. and Peng, Jian and Dyer, Ellen and Talib, Joshua and Beck, Hylke E. and Singer, Michael B. and Dadson, Simon J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09047-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {628-635}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Warming accelerates global drought severity}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Abyssal seafloor as a key driver of ocean trace-metal biogeochemical cycles. NATURE, 642(8068), 620-627. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) are important to marine life and are essential tools for studying ocean processes1. Two different frameworks have arisen regarding marine TEI cycling: reversible scavenging favours water-column control on TEI distributions2–5, and seafloor boundary exchange emphasizes sedimentary imprints on water-column biogeochemistry6,7. These two views lead to disparate interpretations of TEI behaviours8–10. Here we use rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes as exemplar tracers of particle scavenging11 and boundary exchange6,7,12. We integrate these data with models of particle cycling and sediment diagenesis to propose a general framework for marine TEI cycling. We show that, for elements with greater affinity for manganese oxide than biogenic particles, scavenging is a net sink throughout the water column, contrary to a common assumption for reversible scavenging3,13. In this case, a benthic flux supports increasing elemental concentrations with water depth. This sedimentary source consists of two components: one recycled from elements scavenged by water-column particles, and another newly introduced to the water column through marine silicate weathering inside sediment8,14,15. Abyssal oxic diagenesis drives this benthic source, and exerts a strong influence on water-column biogeochemistry through seafloor geometry and bottom-intensified turbulent mixing16,17. Our findings affirm the role of authigenic minerals, often overshadowed by biogenic particles, in water-column cycling18, and suggest that the abyssal seafloor, often regarded as inactive, is a focus of biogeochemical transformation19,20. Rare earth element and neodymium isotope data combined with models of particle cycling and sediment diagenesis suggest that the abyssal seafloor is a key driver of trace-metal biogeochemical cycles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Du, Jianghui and Haley, Brian A. and McManus, James and Blaser, Patrick and Rickli, Jörg and Vance, Derek}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09038-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {620-627}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Abyssal seafloor as a key driver of ocean trace-metal biogeochemical cycles}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Coordination environments of pt single-atom catalysts from NMR signatures. NATURE, 642(8068), 613-619. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Supported metal catalysts that integrate atomically dispersed species with controlled structures lie at the forefront of catalytic materials design, offering exceptional control over reactivity and high metal utilization, approaching the precision of molecular systems1–3. However, accurately resolving the local metal coordination environments remains challenging, hindering the advancement of structure–activity relationships needed to optimize their design for diverse applications1,2. Although electron microscopy reveals atomic dispersion, conventional spectroscopic methods used in heterogeneous catalysis only provide average structural information. Here we demonstrate that 195Pt solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing atomically dispersed Pt sites on various supports, so called single-atom catalysts (SACs). Monte Carlo simulations allow the conversion of NMR spectra into SAC signatures that describe coordination environments with molecular precision, enabling quantitative assessment of Pt-site distribution and homogeneity. This methodology can track the influence of synthetic parameters, uncovering the impact of specific steps and support types, and can also monitor changes upon reaction. It offers critical insights for the reproducible development of SACs with targeted structures. Beyond SACs, this approach lays the foundation for studying more complex architectures, such as dual-atom or single-cluster catalysts, containing various NMR-active metals. This study presents a nuclear magnetic resonance-based method to determine local structure and bonding of Pt single-atom catalysts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Koppe, Jonas and Yakimov, Alexander V. and Gioffrè, Domenico and Usteri, Marc-Eduard and Vosegaard, Thomas and Pintacuda, Guido and Lesage, Anne and Pell, Andrew J. and Mitchell, Sharon and Pérez-Ramírez, Javier and Copéret, Christophe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09068-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {613-619}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Coordination environments of pt single-atom catalysts from NMR signatures}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Acetolysis for epoxy-amine carbon fibre-reinforced polymer recycling. NATURE, 642(8068), 605-612. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are used in many applications in the global energy transition, including for lightweighting aircraft and vehicles and in wind turbine blades, shipping containers and gas storage vessels1–4. Given the high cost and energy-intensive manufacture of CFRPs5–7, recycling strategies are needed that recover intact carbon fibres and the epoxy-amine resin components. Here we show that acetic acid efficiently depolymerizes both aliphatic and aromatic epoxy-amine thermosets used in CFRPs to recoverable monomers, yielding pristine carbon fibres. Deconstruction of materials from multiple sectors demonstrates the broad applicability of this approach, providing clean fibres from 2 h reactions. The optimal conditions were scaled to 80.0 g of post-consumer CFRPs, and demonstrative composites were fabricated from the recycled carbon fibres, which were recycled two more times, maintaining their strength throughout. Process modelling and techno-economic analysis, with feedstock cost informed by wind turbine blade waste generation8, indicates this method is cost effective, with a minimum selling price of US$1.50 per kg for recycled carbon fibres whereas life cycle assessment shows process greenhouse gas emissions around 99% lower than virgin carbon fibre production. Overall, this approach could enable recycling of industrial CFRPs as it provides clean, mechanically viable recycled carbon fibres and recoverable resin monomers from the thermoset. Acetic acid efficiently depolymerizes aliphatic and aromatic epoxy-amine thermosets used in carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) to yield recoverable monomers and pristine carbon fibres, which, based on process modelling, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, could enable industrial recycling of CFRPs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lahive, Ciaran W. and Dempsey, Stephen H. and Reiber, Sydney E. and Pal, Ajinkya and Stevenson, Katherine R. and Michener, William E. and Alt, Hannah M. and Ramirez, Kelsey J. and Rognerud, Erik G. and Lincoln, Clarissa L. and Clarke, Ryan W. and DesVeaux, Jason S. and Uekert, Taylor and Rorrer, Nicholas A. and Knauer, Katrina M. and Beckham, Gregg T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09067-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {605-612}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Acetolysis for epoxy-amine carbon fibre-reinforced polymer recycling}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light-triggered regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors. NATURE, 642(8068), 599-604. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Doping is a primary method to modulate the electrical properties of semiconductors, enabling the fabrication of various homojunctions/heterojunctions and complex devices1–8. For organic semiconductors (OSCs), the electrical performance has been extensively improved by developing doping methods and dopants9–13. However, compared with the state-of-the-art spatial resolution of inorganic semiconductor fabrication processes, OSCs lag far behind, limiting the construction of complex organic electronic devices5. Here we present a facile light-triggered doping strategy and develop a series of inactive photoactivable dopants (iPADs) for regionally controlled n-doping of OSCs. By converting iPADs into active dopants through ultraviolet (UV) exposure, controllable doping of various n-type OSCs with high electrical conductivity greater than 30 S cm−1 has been realized. Using iPADs can substantially improve the performances of OSCs in transistors, logic circuits and thermoelectrics. Also, regionally controlled doping is demonstrated in OSCs with a record resolution down to 1 μm. Overall, our strategy has achieved tunable doping levels in OSCs with high spatial resolution, which is expected to be highly suited for integrated circuits in both roll-to-roll and laboratory-scale environments. A facile light-triggered doping strategy involving a series of inactive photoactivable dopants is described that facilitates tunable regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, resulting in stable patterning of the doping profile at record high resolutions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Xin-Yi and Ding, Yi-Fan and Zhang, Xiao-Yan and Zhou, Yang-Yang and Pan, Chen-Kai and Li, Yuan-He and Liu, Nai-Fu and Yao, Ze-Fan and Chen, Yong-Shi and Xie, Zhi-Hao and Huang, Yi-Fan and Xu, Yu-Chun and Wu, Hao-Tian and Huang, Chun-Xi and Xiong, Miao and Ding, Li and Yu, Zi-Di and Li, Qi-Yi and Zheng, Yu-Qing and Wang, Jie-Yu and Pei, Jian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09075-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {599-604}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light-triggered regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Vertically stacked monolithic perovskite colour photodetectors. NATURE, 642(8068), 592-598. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modern colour image sensors face challenges in further improving sensitivity and image quality because of inherent limitations in light utilization efficiency1. A major factor contributing to these limitations is the use of passive optical filters, which absorb and dissipate a substantial amount of light, thereby reducing the efficiency of light capture2. On the contrary, active optical filtering in Foveon-type vertically stacked architectures still struggles to deliver optimal performance owing to their lack of colour selectivity, making them inefficient for precise colour imaging3. Here we introduce an innovative architecture for colour sensor arrays that uses multilayer monolithically stacked lead halide perovskite thin-film photodetectors. Perovskite bandgap tunability4 is utilized to selectively absorb the visible light spectrum’s red, green and blue regions, eliminating the need for colour filters. External quantum efficiencies of 50%, 47% and 53% are demonstrated for the red, green and blue channels, respectively, as well as a colour accuracy of 3.8% in ΔELab outperforming the state-of-the-art colour-filter array and Foveon-type photosensors. The image sensor design improves light utilization in colour sensors and paves the way for the next generation of highly sensitive, artefact-free images with enhanced colour fidelity. A colour sensor array based on multilayer monolithically stacked lead halide perovskite thin-film photodetectors achieves higher quantum efficiency and superior colour accuracy compared to conventional filter-based image sensors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tsarev, Sergey and Proniakova, Daria and Liu, Xuqi and Wu, Erfu and Matt, Gebhard J. and Sakhatskyi, Kostiantyn and Ferraresi, Lorenzo L. A. and Kothandaraman, Radha and Fu, Fan and Shorubalko, Ivan and Yakunin, Sergii and Kovalenko, Maksym V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09062-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {592-598}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Vertically stacked monolithic perovskite colour photodetectors}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Integrated photonic source of Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubits. NATURE, 642(8068), 587-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Building a useful photonic quantum computer requires robust techniques to synthesize optical states that can encode qubits. Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) states1 offer one of the most attractive classes of such qubit encodings, as they enable the implementation of universal gate sets with straightforward, deterministic and room temperature-compatible Gaussian operations2. Existing pioneering demonstrations generating optical GKP states3 and other complex non-Gaussian states4–11 have relied on free-space optical components, hindering the scaling eventually required for a utility-scale system. Here we use an ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, to generate GKP qubit states. These states show critical mode-level features necessary for fault tolerance, including at least four resolvable peaks in both p and q quadratures, and a clear lattice structure of negative Wigner function regions, in this case a 3 × 3 grid. We also show that our GKP states show sufficient structure to indicate that the devices used to make them could, after further reduction in optical losses, yield states for the fault-tolerant regime. This experiment validates a key pillar of bosonic architectures for photonic quantum computing2,12, paving the way for arrays of GKP sources that will supply future fault-tolerant machines. An ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, is used to generate Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Larsen, M. V. and Bourassa, J. E. and Kocsis, S. and Tasker, J. F. and Chadwick, R. S. and González-Arciniegas, C. and Hastrup, J. and Lopetegui-González, C. E. and Miatto, F. M. and Motamedi, A. and Noro, R. and Roeland, G. and Baby, R. and Chen, H. and Contu, P. and Di Luch, I. and Drago, C. and Giesbrecht, M. and Grainge, T. and Krasnokutska, I. and Menotti, M. and Morrison, B. and Puviraj, C. and Rezaei Shad, K. and Hussain, B. and McMahon, J. and Ortmann, J. E. and Collins, M. J. and Ma, C. and Phillips, D. S. and Seymour, M. and Tang, Q. Y. and Yang, B. and Vernon, Z. and Alexander, R. N. and Mahler, D. H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09044-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {587-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Integrated photonic source of Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubits}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Detection of X-ray emission from a bright long-period radio transient. NATURE, 642(8068), 583-586. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recently, a class of long-period radio transients (LPTs) has been discovered, exhibiting emission thousands of times longer than radio pulsars1–5. These findings, enabled by advances in wide-field radio surveys, challenge existing models of rotationally powered pulsars. Proposed models include highly magnetized neutron stars6, white-dwarf pulsars7 and white-dwarf binary systems with low-mass companions8. Although some models predict X-ray emission6,9, no LPTs have been detected in X-rays despite extensive searches1–5,10. Here we report the discovery of an extremely bright LPT (10–20 Jy in radio), ASKAP J1832−0911, which has coincident radio and X-ray emission, both with a 44.2-minute period. Its correlated and highly variable X-ray and radio luminosities, combined with other observational properties, are unlike any known Galactic object. The source could be an old magnetar or an ultra-magnetized white dwarf; however, both interpretations present theoretical challenges. This X-ray detection from an LPT reveals that these objects are more energetic than previously thought and establishes a class of hour-scale periodic X-ray transients with a luminosity of about 1033 erg s−1 linked to exceptionally bright coherent radio emission. A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Ziteng and Rea, Nanda and Bao, Tong and Kaplan, David L. and Lenc, Emil and Wadiasingh, Zorawar and Hare, Jeremy and Zic, Andrew and Anumarlapudi, Akash and Bera, Apurba and Beniamini, Paz and Cooper, A. J. and Clarke, Tracy E. and Deller, Adam T. and Dawson, J. R. and Glowacki, Marcin and Hurley-Walker, Natasha and McSweeney, S. J. and Polisensky, Emil J. and Peters, Wendy M. and Younes, George and Bannister, Keith W. and Caleb, Manisha and Dage, Kristen C. and James, Clancy W. and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Karambelkar, Viraj and Lower, Marcus E. and Mori, Kaya and Ocker, Stella Koch and Pérez-Torres, Miguel and Qiu, Hao and Rose, Kovi and Shannon, Ryan M. and Taub, Rhianna and Wang, Fayin and Wang, Yuanming and Zhao, Zhenyin and Bhat, N. D. Ramesh and Dobie, Dougal and Driessen, Laura N. and Murphy, Tara and Jaini, Akhil and Deng, Xinping and Jahns-Schindler, Joscha N. and Lee, Y. W. Joshua and Pritchard, Joshua and Tuthill, John and Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09077-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {583-586}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Detection of X-ray emission from a bright long-period radio transient}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fetal and parental genomes offer mechanistic insights into pregnancy loss. NATURE, 642(8068), 579-581. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genomic analyses of mother–father–fetus trios after early pregnancy loss uncover contributions from chromosomal abnormalities and subtle genetic variants. Genomic analyses of mother–father–fetus trios after early pregnancy loss uncover contributions from chromosomal abnormalities and subtle genetic variants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Ziyue}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01706-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {579-581}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fetal and parental genomes offer mechanistic insights into pregnancy loss}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why the royal greenwich observatory was chosen to mark zero degrees longitude. NATURE, 642(8068), 579. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {International standards set for measuring location and time, and an unusual type of lake-water movement in this week’s pick from the Nature archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01893-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {579}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why the royal greenwich observatory was chosen to mark zero degrees longitude}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light detectors made from perovskite crystals see in full colour. NATURE, 642(8068), 578-579. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most pixels in cameras detect only red, green or blue light. A sensor made from perovskite materials absorbs all three, improving image brightness and resolution. Most pixels in cameras detect only red, green or blue light. A sensor made from perovskite materials absorbs all three, improving image brightness and resolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nie, Shuming and Gruev, Viktor}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01705-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {578-579}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light detectors made from perovskite crystals see in full colour}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Under the microscope: DNA damage tracked through cell generations. NATURE, 642(8068), 576-577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An ingenious technique reveals how stressed cells divide to produce progeny that have different traits — a phenomenon that can initiate cancer. An ingenious technique reveals how stressed cells divide to produce progeny that have different traits — a phenomenon that can initiate cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reilly, Emma L. and Aitken, Sarah J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01446-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {576-577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Under the microscope: DNA damage tracked through cell generations}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trace elements in the ocean attributed to a surprising source. NATURE, 642(8068), 575-576. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The finding that the sea floor is a source of low-abundance elements in the ocean up-ends conventional views of marine biogeochemistry. The finding that the sea floor is a source of low-abundance elements in the ocean up-ends conventional views of marine biogeochemistry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ohnemus, Daniel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01681-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {575-576}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trace elements in the ocean attributed to a surprising source}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How axolotl cells ‘remember’ development to rebuild a lost limb. NATURE, 642(8068), 573-574. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The molecular feedback loops that program positional identity as salamander limbs develop and regrow could be harnessed for regenerative medicine. The molecular feedback loops that program positional identity as salamander limbs develop and regrow could be harnessed for regenerative medicine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, S. Y. Celeste and Whited, Jessica L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01447-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {573-574}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How axolotl cells ‘remember’ development to rebuild a lost limb}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is there a link between gut microbes and ageing?. NATURE, 642(8068), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozycki, Christina T. and Sharma, Ruchi and Bharti, Kapil and Lee, Richard W. J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01905-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is there a link between gut microbes and ageing?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tighter regulation is needed for AI companions. NATURE, 642(8068), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Lili and Wang, Haomiaomiao and Cheng, Long and Fang, Fang}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01906-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tighter regulation is needed for AI companions}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US–China trade conflict threatens biomedical collaboration. NATURE, 642(8068), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Du, Yuwang}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01907-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US–China trade conflict threatens biomedical collaboration}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We need to show AI what didn’t work as well as what did. NATURE, 642(8068), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Davare, Monika A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01908-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We need to show AI what didn’t work as well as what did}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How china can become a biotechnology superpower. NATURE, 642(8068), 570-571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After decades of pioneering institutional change in Chinese research, neuroscientist Rao Yi explains why US hesitation might offer China an opportunity to catch up internationally. After decades of pioneering institutional change in Chinese research, neuroscientist Rao Yi explains why US hesitation might offer China an opportunity to catch up internationally.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dreyer, Jacob}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01888-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {570-571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How china can become a biotechnology superpower}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Peter lax obituary: Mathematician who pioneered computer-based solutions to real-world problems. NATURE, 642(8068), 568. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Abel prizewinner’s pragmatic approach to solving differential equations was influential across fields ranging from weather forecasting to starting nuclear chain reactions. The Abel prizewinner’s pragmatic approach to solving differential equations was influential across fields ranging from weather forecasting to starting nuclear chain reactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berg, Jeremy}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01837-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {568}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Peter lax obituary: Mathematician who pioneered computer-based solutions to real-world problems}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘One of the true final frontiers’ — Sally ride biopic highlights the struggle of gay astronauts. NATURE, 642(8068), 566-567. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The first US woman to fly in space said little about her personal life in public. A candid film discloses the pressures she endured. The first US woman to fly in space said little about her personal life in public. A candid film discloses the pressures she endured.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01887-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {566-567}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘One of the true final frontiers’ — Sally ride biopic highlights the struggle of gay astronauts}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How your brain controls ageing — And why zombie cells could be key. NATURE, 642(8068), 563-565. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research is revealing the cellular mechanisms that link mental well-being and longevity. Research is revealing the cellular mechanisms that link mental well-being and longevity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01886-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {563-565}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How your brain controls ageing — And why zombie cells could be key}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is a monster web of ocean currents headed for collapse? the race is on to find out. NATURE, 642(8068), 558-562. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research ships rarely brave the Greenland Sea in winter. Early this year, scientists ventured into the ice-covered waters to capture crucial data about the planet’s future. Research ships rarely brave the Greenland Sea in winter. Early this year, scientists ventured into the ice-covered waters to capture crucial data about the planet’s future.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalvelage, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01885-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {558-562}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is a monster web of ocean currents headed for collapse? the race is on to find out}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How china is vying to attract the world’s top scientific talent. NATURE, 642(8068), 556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hundreds of policies across the country have been designed to lure researchers and new graduates to settle there. Hundreds of policies across the country have been designed to lure researchers and new graduates to settle there.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01750-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How china is vying to attract the world’s top scientific talent}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Africa has a new space agency — Here’s what it will do. NATURE, 642(8068), 555-556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pioneering organization aims to boost collaboration, track climate effects and improve disaster relief. Pioneering organization aims to boost collaboration, track climate effects and improve disaster relief.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01792-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {555-556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Africa has a new space agency — Here’s what it will do}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Another blow’: How trump’s latest travel ban could harm research. NATURE, 642(8068), 554-555. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Restrictions on immigration from 19 countries could disrupt infectious-disease research and international collaborations. Restrictions on immigration from 19 countries could disrupt infectious-disease research and international collaborations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel and Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01791-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {554-555}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Another blow’: How trump’s latest travel ban could harm research}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: Start-up FutureHouse debuts powerful AI ‘reasoning model’ for science. NATURE, 642(8068), 552-553. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The model, called ether0, outperforms other advanced AIs at chemistry tasks and is a stepping stone towards automating the entire research pipeline. The model, called ether0, outperforms other advanced AIs at chemistry tasks and is a stepping stone towards automating the entire research pipeline.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Savitsky, Zack}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01753-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {552-553}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: Start-up FutureHouse debuts powerful AI ‘reasoning model’ for science}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Skyrocketing mpox outbreak in sierra leone raises fears of wider spread. NATURE, 642(8068), 551-552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Boom in infections in the West African nation is driven by the same viral strain that caused a global outbreak in 2022. Boom in infections in the West African nation is driven by the same viral strain that caused a global outbreak in 2022.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01805-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {551-552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Skyrocketing mpox outbreak in sierra leone raises fears of wider spread}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the brain separates real images from those it imagines. NATURE, 642(8068), 550-551. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuroscientists have found the regions that keep them apart. Neuroscientists have found the regions that keep them apart.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aksenfeld, Rita}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01752-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {550-551}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the brain separates real images from those it imagines}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Major telescope hosts world’s largest digital camera: How it will transform astronomy. NATURE, 642(8068), 549-550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Massive telescope will map the Universe and provide an evolving record of the Solar System and distant stars. Massive telescope will map the Universe and provide an evolving record of the Solar System and distant stars.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01798-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {549-550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Major telescope hosts world’s largest digital camera: How it will transform astronomy}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cancer-causing mutation meets its match. NATURE, 642(8068), 547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In mice, engineered immune cells shrink pancreatic and other tumours bearing a mutant version of the KRAS protein. In mice, engineered immune cells shrink pancreatic and other tumours bearing a mutant version of the KRAS protein.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01801-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cancer-causing mutation meets its match}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hungry caterpillars can brew exotic molecules in their guts. NATURE, 642(8068), 547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers fed moth larvae the chemical building blocks, and the insects’ enzymes did the rest. Researchers fed moth larvae the chemical building blocks, and the insects’ enzymes did the rest.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01802-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hungry caterpillars can brew exotic molecules in their guts}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Minuscule worms form living towers to hunt for food. NATURE, 642(8068), 547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists observe the nematode’s behaviour in the wild for the first time. Scientists observe the nematode’s behaviour in the wild for the first time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01803-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Minuscule worms form living towers to hunt for food}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A long-predicted cosmic collision might not happen after all. NATURE, 642(8068), 547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The pull of a third galaxy could yank the Milky Way out of the path of Andromeda. The pull of a third galaxy could yank the Milky Way out of the path of Andromeda.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01804-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A long-predicted cosmic collision might not happen after all}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PhD students face high risk of sexual harassment — Can universities stop perpetrators?. NATURE, 642(8068), 545. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A toolkit outlines how academia can prevent various forms of misconduct. A toolkit outlines how academia can prevent various forms of misconduct.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bull, Anna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01884-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {545}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PhD students face high risk of sexual harassment — Can universities stop perpetrators?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why air-traffic controller shortages are not to blame for US airport chaos. NATURE, 642(8068), 544. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Models estimating the levels of flight-directing staff need a rethink. Models estimating the levels of flight-directing staff need a rethink.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nunes, Ashley}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01883-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {544}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why air-traffic controller shortages are not to blame for US airport chaos}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Could a novelty indicator improve science?. NATURE, 642(8068), 543. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A competition to develop computational approaches to detect ‘novelty’ in published papers will help metascientists to study how out-of-the-box research changes the scientific landscape. A competition to develop computational approaches to detect ‘novelty’ in published papers will help metascientists to study how out-of-the-box research changes the scientific landscape.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Steyn, Benjamin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01882-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {543}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Could a novelty indicator improve science?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transparent peer review to be extended to all of nature’s research papers. NATURE, 642(8068), 542. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From today, all new submissions to Nature that are published will be accompanied by referees’ reports and author responses — to illuminate the process of producing rigorous science. From today, all new submissions to Nature that are published will be accompanied by referees’ reports and author responses — to illuminate the process of producing rigorous science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01880-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {542}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transparent peer review to be extended to all of nature’s research papers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In science’s new era, open and transparent cooperation remains key. NATURE, 642(8068), 541-542. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As China continues its scientific ascent, the rest of the world should keep engaging. As China continues its scientific ascent, the rest of the world should keep engaging.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01881-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8068}, pages = {541-542}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In science’s new era, open and transparent cooperation remains key}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Imaging surface structure and premelting of ice ih with atomic resolution. NATURE, 642(8067), E18. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hong, Jiani and Tian, Ye and Liang, Tiancheng and Liu, Xinmeng and Song, Yizhi and Guan, Dong and Yan, Zixiang and Guo, Jiadong and Tang, Binze and Cao, Duanyun and Guo, Jing and Chen, Ji and Pan, Ding and Xu, Li-Mei and Wang, En-Ge and Jiang, Ying}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09132-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Imaging surface structure and premelting of ice ih with atomic resolution}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis. NATURE, 642(8067), E17. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhuang, Xueqian and Wang, Qing and Joost, Simon and Ferrena, Alexander and Humphreys, David T. and Li, Zhuxuan and Blum, Melissa and Krause, Klavdija and Ding, Selena and Landais, Yuna and Zhan, Yingqian and Zhao, Yang and Chaligne, Ronan and Lee, Joo-Hyeon and Carrasco, Sebastian E. and Bhanot, Umeshkumar K. and Koche, Richard P. and Bott, Matthew J. and Katajisto, Pekka and Soto-Feliciano, Yadira M. and Pisanic, Thomas and Thomas, Tiffany and Zheng, Deyou and Wong, Emily S. and Tammela, Tuomas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09124-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Multi-zonal liver organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. NATURE, 642(8067), E16. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reza, Hasan Al and Santangelo, Connie and Iwasawa, Kentaro and Reza, Abid Al and Sekiya, Sachiko and Glaser, Kathryn and Bondoc, Alexander and Merola, Jonathan and Takebe, Takanori}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09123-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Multi-zonal liver organoids from human pluripotent stem cells}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Chromosome end protection by RAP1-mediated inhibition of DNA-PK. NATURE, 642(8067), E15. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eickhoff, Patrik and Sonmez, Ceylan and Fisher, Charlotte E. L. and Inian, Oviya and Roumeliotis, Theodoros I. and dello Stritto, Angela and Mansfeld, Jörg and Choudhary, Jyoti S. and Guettler, Sebastian and Lottersberger, Francisca and Douglas, Max E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09121-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Chromosome end protection by RAP1-mediated inhibition of DNA-PK}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Structure and topography of the synaptic V-ATPase–synaptophysin complex. NATURE, 642(8067), E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Chuchu and Jiang, Wenhong and Leitz, Jeremy and Yang, Kailu and Esquivies, Luis and Wang, Xing and Shen, Xiaotao and Held, Richard G. and Adams, Daniel J. and Basta, Tamara and Hampton, Lucas and Jian, Ruiqi and Jiang, Lihua and Stowell, Michael H. B. and Baumeister, Wolfgang and Guo, Qiang and Brunger, Axel T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09149-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Structure and topography of the synaptic V-ATPase–synaptophysin complex}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Global methane emissions from rivers and streams. NATURE, 642(8067), E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rocher-Ros, Gerard and Stanley, Emily H. and Loken, Luke C. and Casson, Nora J. and Raymond, Peter A. and Liu, Shaoda and Amatulli, Giuseppe and Sponseller, Ryan A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09130-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Global methane emissions from rivers and streams}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity. NATURE, 642(8067), E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mosharov, Eugene V. and Rosenberg, Ayelet M. and Monzel, Anna S. and Osto, Corey A. and Stiles, Linsey and Rosoklija, Gorazd B. and Dwork, Andrew J. and Bindra, Snehal and Junker, Alex and Zhang, Ya and Fujita, Masashi and Mariani, Madeline B. and Bakalian, Mihran and Sulzer, David and De Jager, Philip L. and Menon, Vilas and Shirihai, Orian S. and Mann, J. John and Underwood, Mark D. and Boldrini, Maura and Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel and Picard, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09081-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Making slabs and sleepers from old appliances. NATURE, 642(8067), 534. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sebastián Gregui’s company uses research-backed methods to turn recovered plastic into building materials. Sebastián Gregui’s company uses research-backed methods to turn recovered plastic into building materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Noronha, Patricia Maia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01777-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {534}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Making slabs and sleepers from old appliances}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meet the engineer using deep learning to restore renaissance art. NATURE, 642(8067), 530-532. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As a student, Alex Kachkine can only afford damaged art in need of repair. Here’s how they turned their conservation work into a science. As a student, Alex Kachkine can only afford damaged art in need of repair. Here’s how they turned their conservation work into a science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01776-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {530-532}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meet the engineer using deep learning to restore renaissance art}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Want to enhance lab safety? try a little role playing first. NATURE, 642(8067), 527-529. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Simulated lab accidents train students how to respond to real emergencies. Simulated lab accidents train students how to respond to real emergencies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vidal Valero, Myriam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01775-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {527-529}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Want to enhance lab safety? try a little role playing first}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Swinging lever mechanism of myosin directly shown by time-resolved cryo-EM. NATURE, 642(8067), 519-526. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Myosins produce force and movement in cells through interactions with F-actin1. Generation of movement is thought to arise through actin-catalysed conversion of myosin from an ATP-generated primed (pre-powerstroke) state to a post-powerstroke state, accompanied by myosin lever swing2,3. However, the initial, primed actomyosin state has never been observed, and the mechanism by which actin catalyses myosin ATPase activity is unclear. Here, to address these issues, we performed time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM)4 of a myosin-5 mutant having slow hydrolysis product release5,6. Primed actomyosin was predominantly captured 10 ms after mixing primed myosin with F-actin, whereas post-powerstroke actomyosin predominated at 120 ms, with no abundant intermediate states detected. For detailed interpretation, cryo-EM maps were fitted with pseudo-atomic models. Small but critical changes accompany the primed motor binding to actin through its lower 50-kDa subdomain, with the actin-binding cleft open and phosphate release prohibited. Amino-terminal actin interactions with myosin promote rotation of the upper 50-kDa subdomain, closing the actin-binding cleft, and enabling phosphate release. The formation of interactions between the upper 50-kDa subdomain and actin creates the strong-binding interface needed for effective force production. The myosin-5 lever swings through 93°, predominantly along the actin axis, with little twisting. The magnitude of lever swing matches the typical step length of myosin-5 along actin7. These time-resolved structures demonstrate the swinging lever mechanism, elucidate structural transitions of the power stroke, and resolve decades of conjecture on how myosins generate movement. A study using time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy reveals the swinging lever mechanism of myosin, providing information on the molecular basis behind the production of force and movement by myosin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Klebl, David P. and McMillan, Sean N. and Risi, Cristina and Forgacs, Eva and Virok, Betty and Atherton, Jennifer L. and Harris, Sarah A. and Stofella, Michele and Winkelmann, Donald A. and Sobott, Frank and Galkin, Vitold E. and Knight, Peter J. and Muench, Stephen P. and Scarff, Charlotte A. and White, Howard D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08876-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {519-526}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Swinging lever mechanism of myosin directly shown by time-resolved cryo-EM}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Perturbing LSD1 and WNT rewires transcription to synergistically induce AML differentiation. NATURE, 642(8067), 508-518. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Impaired differentiation is a hallmark of myeloid malignancies1,2. Therapies that enable cells to circumvent the differentiation block, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), are by and large curative in acute promyelocytic leukaemia3, but whether ‘differentiation therapy’ is a generalizable therapeutic approach for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and beyond remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that simultaneous inhibition of the histone demethylase LSD1 (LSD1i) and the WNT pathway antagonist GSK3 kinase4 (GSK3i) robustly promotes therapeutic differentiation of established AML cell lines and primary human AML cells, as well as reducing tumour burden and significantly extending survival in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, this combination promotes differentiation by activating genes in the type I interferon pathway via inducing expression of transcription factors such as IRF7 (LSD1i) and the co-activator β-catenin (GSK3i), and their selective co-occupancy at targets such as STAT1, which is necessary for combination-induced differentiation. Combination treatment also suppresses the canonical, pro-oncogenic WNT pathway and cell cycle genes. Analysis of datasets from patients with AML suggests a correlation between the combination-induced transcription signature and better prognosis, highlighting clinical potential of this strategy. Collectively, this combination strategy rewires transcriptional programs to suppress stemness and to promote differentiation, which may have important therapeutic implications for AML and WNT-driven cancers beyond AML. Simultaneous inhibition of LSD1 and GSK3 kinase promotes cell differentiation, providing a therapeutic strategy for treating acute myeloid leukaemia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hosseini, Amir and Dhall, Abhinav and Ikonen, Nemo and Sikora, Natalia and Nguyen, Sylvain and Shen, Yuqi and Amaral, Maria Luisa Jurgensen and Jiao, Alan and Wallner, Felice and Sergeev, Philipp and Lim, Yuhua and Yang, Yuanqin and Vick, Binje and Kawabata, Kimihito Cojin and Melnick, Ari and Vyas, Paresh and Ren, Bing and Jeremias, Irmela and Psaila, Bethan and Heckman, Caroline A. and Blanco, M. Andrés and Shi, Yang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08915-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {508-518}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Perturbing LSD1 and WNT rewires transcription to synergistically induce AML differentiation}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Small molecules restore mutant mitochondrial DNA polymerase activity. NATURE, 642(8067), 501-507. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated by DNA polymerase γ (POLγ), a heterotrimeric complex consisting of a catalytic POLγA subunit and two accessory POLγB subunits1. More than 300 mutations in POLG, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit, have been linked to severe, progressive conditions with high rates of morbidity and mortality, for which no treatment exists2. Here we report on the discovery and characterization of PZL-A, a first-in-class small-molecule activator of mtDNA synthesis that is capable of restoring function to the most common mutant variants of POLγ. PZL-A binds to an allosteric site at the interface between the catalytic POLγA subunit and the proximal POLγB subunit, a region that is unaffected by nearly all disease-causing mutations. The compound restores wild-type-like activity to mutant forms of POLγ in vitro and activates mtDNA synthesis in cells from paediatric patients with lethal POLG disease, thereby enhancing biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery and cellular respiration. Our work demonstrates that a small molecule can restore function to mutant DNA polymerases, offering a promising avenue for treating POLG disorders and other severe conditions linked to depletion of mtDNA. An activator of DNA polymerase γ restores function to disease-causing mutant variants and demonstrates a potential route to treatments for inherited mitochondrial disorders involving POLG mutations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Valenzuela, Sebastian and Zhu, Xuefeng and Macao, Bertil and Stamgren, Mattias and Geukens, Carol and Charifson, Paul S. and Kern, Gunther and Hoberg, Emily and Jenninger, Louise and Gruszczyk, Anja V. and Lee, Seoeun and Johansson, Katarina A. S. and Miralles Fusté, Javier and Shi, Yonghong and Kerns, S. Jordan and Arabanian, Laleh and Martinez Botella, Gabriel and Ekström, Sofie and Green, Jeremy and Griffin, Andrew M. and Pardo-Hernández, Carlos and Keating, Thomas A. and Küppers-Munther, Barbara and Larsson, Nils-Göran and Phan, Cindy and Posse, Viktor and Jones, Juli E. and Xie, Xie and Giroux, Simon and Gustafsson, Claes M. and Falkenberg, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08856-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {501-507}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Small molecules restore mutant mitochondrial DNA polymerase activity}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Activation of lysosomal iron triggers ferroptosis in cancer. NATURE, 642(8067), 492-500. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Iron catalyses the oxidation of lipids in biological membranes and promotes a form of cell death called ferroptosis1. Defining where this chemistry occurs in the cell can inform the design of drugs capable of inducing or inhibiting ferroptosis in various disease-relevant settings. Genetic approaches have revealed suppressors of ferroptosis2–4; by contrast, small molecules can provide spatiotemporal control of the chemistry at work5. Here we show that the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 exerts cytoprotective effects by inactivating iron in lysosomes. We also show that the ferroptosis inducer RSL3 initiates membrane lipid oxidation in lysosomes. We designed a small-molecule activator of lysosomal iron—fentomycin-1—to induce the oxidative degradation of phospholipids and ultimately ferroptosis. Fentomycin-1 is able to kill iron-rich CD44high primary sarcoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, which can promote metastasis and fuel drug tolerance. In such cells, iron regulates cell adaptation6,7 while conferring vulnerability to ferroptosis8,9. Sarcoma cells exposed to sublethal doses of fentomycin-1 acquire a ferroptosis-resistant cell state characterized by the downregulation of mesenchymal markers and the activation of a membrane-damage response. This phospholipid degrader can eradicate drug-tolerant persister cancer cells in vitro and reduces intranodal tumour growth in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. Together, these results show that control of iron reactivity confers therapeutic benefits, establish lysosomal iron as a druggable target and highlight the value of targeting cell states10. Some cancer cells exhibit high loads of reactive iron in lysosomes, and this feature is exploited by using fentomycin-1, a newly developed small molecule, to induce ferroptosis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cañeque, Tatiana and Baron, Leeroy and Müller, Sebastian and Carmona, Alanis and Colombeau, Ludovic and Versini, Antoine and Solier, Stéphanie and Gaillet, Christine and Sindikubwabo, Fabien and Sampaio, Julio L. and Sabatier, Marie and Mishima, Eikan and Picard-Bernes, Armel and Syx, Laurène and Servant, Nicolas and Lombard, Bérangère and Loew, Damarys and Zheng, Jiashuo and Proneth, Bettina and Thoidingjam, Leishemba K. and Grimaud, Laurence and Fraser, Cameron S. and Szylo, Krystina J. and Der Kazarian, Emma and Bonnet, Caroline and Charafe-Jauffret, Emmanuelle and Ginestier, Christophe and Santofimia-Castaño, Patricia and Estaras, Matias and Dusetti, Nelson and Iovanna, Juan Lucio and Cunha, Antonio Sa and Pittau, Gabriella and Hammel, Pascal and Tzanis, Dimitri and Bonvalot, Sylvie and Watson, Sarah and Gandon, Vincent and Upadhyay, Aditya and Pratt, Derek A. and Freitas, Florêncio Porto and Friedmann Angeli, José Pedro and Stockwell, Brent R. and Conrad, Marcus and Ubellacker, Jessalyn M. and Rodriguez, Raphaël}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08974-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {492-500}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Activation of lysosomal iron triggers ferroptosis in cancer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deep visual proteomics maps proteotoxicity in a genetic liver disease. NATURE, 642(8067), 484-491. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Protein misfolding diseases, including α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), pose substantial health challenges, with their cellular progression still poorly understood1–3. We use spatial proteomics by mass spectrometry and machine learning to map AATD in human liver tissue. Combining Deep Visual Proteomics (DVP) with single-cell analysis4,5, we probe intact patient biopsies to resolve molecular events during hepatocyte stress in pseudotime across fibrosis stages. We achieve proteome depth of up to 4,300 proteins from one-third of a single cell in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. This dataset reveals a potentially clinically actionable peroxisomal upregulation that precedes the canonical unfolded protein response. Our single-cell proteomics data show α1-antitrypsin accumulation is largely cell-intrinsic, with minimal stress propagation between hepatocytes. We integrated proteomic data with artificial intelligence-guided image-based phenotyping across several disease stages, revealing a late-stage hepatocyte phenotype characterized by globular protein aggregates and distinct proteomic signatures, notably including elevated TNFSF10 (also known as TRAIL) amounts. This phenotype may represent a critical disease progression stage. Our study offers new insights into AATD pathogenesis and introduces a powerful methodology for high-resolution, in situ proteomic analysis of complex tissues. This approach holds potential to unravel molecular mechanisms in various protein misfolding disorders, setting a new standard for understanding disease progression at the single-cell level in human tissue. High-resolution spatial proteomics were used to map molecular events during hepatocyte stress in pseudotime across all fibrosis stages, recapitulating known disease progression markers and revealing early peroxisomal activation and late-stage proteotoxic phenotypes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rosenberger, Florian A. and Mädler, Sophia C. and Thorhauge, Katrine Holtz and Steigerwald, Sophia and Fromme, Malin and Lebedev, Mikhail and Weiss, Caroline A. M. and Oeller, Marc and Wahle, Maria and Metousis, Andreas and Zwiebel, Maximilian and Schmacke, Niklas A. and Detlefsen, Sönke and Boor, Peter and Fabián, Ondřej and Fraňková, Soňa and Krag, Aleksander and Strnad, Pavel and Mann, Matthias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08885-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {484-491}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deep visual proteomics maps proteotoxicity in a genetic liver disease}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PLA2G15 is a BMP hydrolase and its targeting ameliorates lysosomal disease. NATURE, 642(8067), 474-483. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lysosomes catabolize lipids and other biological molecules, maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a major lipid constituent of intralysosomal vesicles, stimulates lipid-degrading enzymes and is altered in various human conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases1,2. Although lysosomal BMP synthase was recently discovered3, the enzymes mediating BMP turnover remain elusive. Here we show that lysosomal phospholipase PLA2G15 is a physiological BMP hydrolase. We further demonstrate that the resistance of BMP to lysosomal hydrolysis arises from its unique sn2, sn2′ esterification position and stereochemistry, as neither feature alone confers resistance. Purified PLA2G15 catabolizes most BMP species derived from cell and tissue lysosomes. Furthermore, PLA2G15 efficiently hydrolyses synthesized BMP stereoisomers with primary esters, challenging the long-held thought that BMP stereochemistry alone ensures resistance to acid phospholipases. Conversely, BMP with secondary esters and S,S stereoconfiguration is stable in vitro and requires acyl migration for hydrolysis in lysosomes. Consistent with our biochemical data, PLA2G15-deficient cells and tissues accumulate several BMP species, a phenotype reversible by supplementing wild-type PLA2G15 but not its inactive mutant. Targeting PLA2G15 reduces the cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts of patients with Niemann–Pick disease type C1 and significantly ameliorates disease pathologies in Niemann–Pick disease type C1-deficient mice, leading to an extended lifespan. Our findings established the rules governing BMP stability in lysosomes and identified PLA2G15 as a lysosomal BMP hydrolase and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomal phospholipase PLA2G15 was identified as a physiological BMP hydrolase whose activity depends on unique esterification and stereochemistry of BMP and offers a potential therapeutic target for Niemann–Pick disease type C1 and other neurodegenerative conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nyame, Kwamina and Xiong, Jian and Alsohybe, Hisham N. and de Jong, Arthur P. H. and Peña, Isabelle V. and de Miguel, Ricardo and Brummelkamp, Thijn R. and Hartmann, Guido and Nijman, Sebastian M. B. and Raaben, Matthijs and Simcox, Judith A. and Blomen, Vincent A. and Abu-Remaileh, Monther}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08942-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {474-483}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PLA2G15 is a BMP hydrolase and its targeting ameliorates lysosomal disease}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). TIR domains produce histidine-ADPR as an immune signal in bacteria. NATURE, 642(8067), 467-473. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are central components of pattern recognition immune proteins across all domains of life1,2. In bacteria and plants, TIR-domain proteins recognize pathogen invasion and then produce immune signalling molecules exclusively comprising nucleotide moieties2–5. Here we show that the TIR-domain protein of the type II Thoeris defence system in bacteria produces a unique signalling molecule comprising the amino acid histidine conjugated to ADP-ribose (His-ADPR). His-ADPR is generated in response to phage infection and activates the cognate Thoeris effector by binding a Macro domain located at the C terminus of the effector protein. By determining the crystal structure of a ligand-bound Macro domain, we describe the structural basis for His-ADPR and its recognition and show its role by biochemical and mutational analyses. Our analyses furthermore reveal a family of phage proteins that bind and sequester His-ADPR signalling molecules, enabling phages to evade TIR-mediated immunity. These data demonstrate diversity in bacterial TIR signalling and reveal a new class of TIR-derived immune signalling molecules that combine nucleotide and amino acid moieties. In response to phage infection, the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain protein ThsB of the type II Thoeris defence system produces histidine conjugated to ADP-ribose, which stimulates bacterial defence by interacting with the Macro domain of the ThsA membrane effector protein.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sabonis, Dziugas and Avraham, Carmel and Chang, Renee B. and Lu, Allen and Herbst, Ehud and Silanskas, Arunas and Vilutis, Deividas and Leavitt, Azita and Yirmiya, Erez and Toyoda, Hunter C. and Ruksenaite, Audrone and Zaremba, Mindaugas and Osterman, Ilya and Amitai, Gil and Kranzusch, Philip J. and Sorek, Rotem and Tamulaitiene, Giedre}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08930-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {467-473}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {TIR domains produce histidine-ADPR as an immune signal in bacteria}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages. NATURE, 642(8067), 458-466. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During the twentieth century, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered a disease of early industrialized regions in North America, Europe and Oceania1. At the turn of the twenty-first century, IBD incidence increased in newly industrialized and emerging regions in Africa, Asia and Latin America, while the prevalence in early industrialized regions continued to grow steadily2–4. Changes in the incidence and prevalence denote the evolution of IBD across four epidemiologic stages: stage 1 (emergence), characterized by low incidence and prevalence; stage 2 (acceleration in incidence), marked by rapidly rising incidence and low prevalence; and stage 3 (compounding prevalence), where the incidence decelerates, plateaus or declines while the prevalence steadily increases. A fourth stage (prevalence equilibrium) has been proposed in which the prevalence slope plateaus due to demographic shifts in an ageing IBD population, but it has not yet been evidenced. To date, these stages have remained theoretical, lacking specific numerical indicators to define transition points. Here, using real-world data from 522 population-based studies encompassing 82 global regions and spanning more than a century (1920–2024), we show spatiotemporal transitions across stages 1–3 and model stage 4 progression. Understanding the evolution of IBD across epidemiologic stages enables healthcare systems to better anticipate the future worldwide burden of IBD. An analysis of data from 522 population-based studies encompassing 82 global regions and spanning more than a century (1920–2024) shows spatiotemporal transitions across epidemiologic stages 1 to 3 of inflammatory bowel disease, and models stage 4 progression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hracs, Lindsay and Windsor, Joseph W. and Gorospe, Julia and Cummings, Michael and Coward, Stephanie and Buie, Michael J. and Quan, Joshua and Goddard, Quinn and Caplan, Léa and Markovinović, Ante and Williamson, Tyler and Abbey, Yvonne and Abdullah, Murdani and Abreu, Maria T. and Ahuja, Vineet and Raja Ali, Raja Affendi and Altuwaijri, Mansour and Balderramo, Domingo and Banerjee, Rupa and Benchimol, Eric I. and Bernstein, Charles N. and Brunet-Mas, Eduard and Burisch, Johan and Chong, Vui Heng and Dotan, Iris and Dutta, Usha and El Ouali, Sara and Forbes, Angela and Forss, Anders and Gearry, Richard and Dao, Viet Hang and Hartono, Juanda Leo and Hilmi, Ida and Hodges, Phoebe and Jones, Gareth-Rhys and Juliao-Baños, Fabián and Kaibullayeva, Jamilya and Kelly, Paul and Kobayashi, Taku and Kotze, Paulo Gustavo and Lakatos, Peter L. and Lees, Charlie W. and Limsrivilai, Julajak and Lo, Bobby and Loftus, Edward V. and Ludvigsson, Jonas F. and Mak, Joyce W. Y. and Miao, YingLei and Ng, Ka Kei and Okabayashi, Shinji and Olén, Ola and Panaccione, Remo and Paudel, Mukesh Sharma and Quaresma, Abel Botelho and Rubin, David T. and Simadibrata, Marcellus and Sun, Yang and Suzuki, Hidekazu and Toro, Martin and Turner, Dan and Iade, Beatriz and Wei, Shu Chen and Yamamoto-Furusho, Jesus K. and Yang, Suk-Kyun and Ng, Siew C. and Kaplan, Gilaad G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08940-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {458-466}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease across epidemiologic stages}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Towards accurate differential diagnosis with large language models. NATURE, 642(8067), 451-457. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A comprehensive differential diagnosis is a cornerstone of medical care that is often reached through an iterative process of interpretation that combines clinical history, physical examination, investigations and procedures. Interactive interfaces powered by large language models present new opportunities to assist and automate aspects of this process1. Here we introduce the Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer (AMIE), a large language model that is optimized for diagnostic reasoning, and evaluate its ability to generate a differential diagnosis alone or as an aid to clinicians. Twenty clinicians evaluated 302 challenging, real-world medical cases sourced from published case reports. Each case report was read by two clinicians, who were randomized to one of two assistive conditions: assistance from search engines and standard medical resources; or assistance from AMIE in addition to these tools. All clinicians provided a baseline, unassisted differential diagnosis prior to using the respective assistive tools. AMIE exhibited standalone performance that exceeded that of unassisted clinicians (top-10 accuracy 59.1% versus 33.6%, P = 0.04). Comparing the two assisted study arms, the differential diagnosis quality score was higher for clinicians assisted by AMIE (top-10 accuracy 51.7%) compared with clinicians without its assistance (36.1%; McNemar’s test: 45.7, P < 0.01) and clinicians with search (44.4%; McNemar’s test: 4.75, P = 0.03). Further, clinicians assisted by AMIE arrived at more comprehensive differential lists than those without assistance from AMIE. Our study suggests that AMIE has potential to improve clinicians’ diagnostic reasoning and accuracy in challenging cases, meriting further real-world evaluation for its ability to empower physicians and widen patients’ access to specialist-level expertise. Diagnostic reasoning using an optimized large language model with a dataset comprising real-world medical cases exhibited improved differential diagnostic performance as an assistive tool for clinicians over search engines and standard medical resources.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McDuff, Daniel and Schaekermann, Mike and Tu, Tao and Palepu, Anil and Wang, Amy and Garrison, Jake and Singhal, Karan and Sharma, Yash and Azizi, Shekoofeh and Kulkarni, Kavita and Hou, Le and Cheng, Yong and Liu, Yun and Mahdavi, S. Sara and Prakash, Sushant and Pathak, Anupam and Semturs, Christopher and Patel, Shwetak and Webster, Dale R. and Dominowska, Ewa and Gottweis, Juraj and Barral, Joelle and Chou, Katherine and Corrado, Greg S. and Matias, Yossi and Sunshine, Jake and Karthikesalingam, Alan and Natarajan, Vivek}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08869-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {451-457}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Towards accurate differential diagnosis with large language models}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Towards conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence. NATURE, 642(8067), 442-450. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {At the heart of medicine lies physician–patient dialogue, where skillful history-taking enables effective diagnosis, management and enduring trust1,2. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of diagnostic dialogue could increase accessibility and quality of care. However, approximating clinicians’ expertise is an outstanding challenge. Here we introduce AMIE (Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer), a large language model (LLM)-based AI system optimized for diagnostic dialogue. AMIE uses a self-play-based3 simulated environment with automated feedback for scaling learning across disease conditions, specialties and contexts. We designed a framework for evaluating clinically meaningful axes of performance, including history-taking, diagnostic accuracy, management, communication skills and empathy. We compared AMIE’s performance to that of primary care physicians in a randomized, double-blind crossover study of text-based consultations with validated patient-actors similar to objective structured clinical examination4,5. The study included 159 case scenarios from providers in Canada, the United Kingdom and India, 20 primary care physicians compared to AMIE, and evaluations by specialist physicians and patient-actors. AMIE demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy and superior performance on 30 out of 32 axes according to the specialist physicians and 25 out of 26 axes according to the patient-actors. Our research has several limitations and should be interpreted with caution. Clinicians used synchronous text chat, which permits large-scale LLM–patient interactions, but this is unfamiliar in clinical practice. While further research is required before AMIE could be translated to real-world settings, the results represent a milestone towards conversational diagnostic AI. The conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence system AMIE (Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer) has potential as a real-world tool for clinical history-taking and diagnostic dialogue, based on its performance in simulated consultations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tu, Tao and Schaekermann, Mike and Palepu, Anil and Saab, Khaled and Freyberg, Jan and Tanno, Ryutaro and Wang, Amy and Li, Brenna and Amin, Mohamed and Cheng, Yong and Vedadi, Elahe and Tomasev, Nenad and Azizi, Shekoofeh and Singhal, Karan and Hou, Le and Webson, Albert and Kulkarni, Kavita and Mahdavi, S. Sara and Semturs, Christopher and Gottweis, Juraj and Barral, Joelle and Chou, Katherine and Corrado, Greg S. and Matias, Yossi and Karthikesalingam, Alan and Natarajan, Vivek}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08866-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {442-450}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Towards conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mitochondrial metabolism sustains DNMT3A-r882-mutant clonal haematopoiesis. NATURE, 642(8067), 431-441. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Somatic DNMT3A-R882 codon mutations drive the most common form of clonal haematopoiesis (CH) and are associated with increased acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) risk1,2. Preventing expansion of DNMT3A-R882-mutant haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) may therefore avert progression to AML. To identify DNMT3A-R882-mutant-specific vulnerabilities, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen on primary mouse Dnmt3aR882H/+ HSPCs. Among the 640 vulnerability genes identified, many were involved in mitochondrial metabolism, and metabolic flux analysis confirmed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation use in Dnmt3aR882H/+ versus Dnmt3a+/+ (WT) HSPCs. We selected citrate/malate transporter Slc25a1 and complex I component Ndufb11, for which pharmacological inhibitors are available, for downstream studies. In vivo administration of SLC25A1 inhibitor CTPI2 and complex I inhibitors IACS-010759 and metformin suppressed post-transplantation clonal expansion of Dnmt3aR882H/+, but not WT, long-term haematopoietic stem cells. The effect of metformin was recapitulated using a primary human DNMT3A-R882 CH sample. Notably, analysis of 412,234 UK Biobank participants showed that individuals taking metformin had a markedly lower prevalence of DNMT3A-R882-mutant CH, after controlling for potential confounders including glycated haemoglobin, diabetes and body mass index. Collectively, our data propose modulation of mitochondrial metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for prevention of DNMT3A-R882-mutant AML. Metformin may serve as a non-toxic intervention to inhibit mitochondrial metabolism and slow DNMT3A-R882 clonal haematopoiesis expansion, thus delaying or averting progression to acute myeloid leukaemia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gozdecka, Malgorzata and Dudek, Monika and Wen, Sean and Gu, Muxin and Stopforth, Richard J. and Rak, Justyna and Damaskou, Aristi and Grice, Guinevere L. and McLoughlin, Matthew A. and Bond, Laura and Wilson, Rachael and Giotopoulos, George and Shanmugiah, Vijaya Mahalingam and Bakar, Rula Bany and Yankova, Eliza and Cooper, Jonathan L. and Narayan, Nisha and Horton, Sarah J. and Asby, Ryan and Pask, Dean C. and Mupo, Annalisa and Duddy, Graham and Marando, Ludovica and Georgomanolis, Theodoros and Carter, Paul and Ramesh, Amirtha Priya and Dunn, William G. and Barcena, Clea and Gallipoli, Paolo and Yusa, Kosuke and Petrovski, Slavé and Wright, Penny and Quiros, Pedro M. and Frezza, Christian and Nathan, James A. and Kaser, Arthur and Kar, Siddhartha and Tzelepis, Konstantinos and Mitchell, Jonathan and Fabre, Margarete A. and Huntly, Brian J. P. and Vassiliou, George S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08980-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {431-441}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mitochondrial metabolism sustains DNMT3A-r882-mutant clonal haematopoiesis}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metformin reduces the competitive advantage of Dnmt3aR878H HSPCs. NATURE, 642(8067), 421-430. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clonal haematopoiesis arises when a haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) acquires a mutation that confers a competitive advantage over wild-type HSCs, resulting in its clonal expansion. Individuals with clonal haematopoiesis are at increased risk of developing haematologic neoplasms and other age-related inflammatory illnesses1–4. Suppressing the expansion of mutant HSCs may prevent these outcomes; however, such interventions have not yet been identified. The most common clonal haematopoiesis driver mutations are in the DNMT3A gene, with arginine 882 (R882) being a mutation hotspot1–3,5–7. Here we show that mouse haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) carrying the Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutation, equivalent to human DNMT3AR882H/+, have increased mitochondrial respiration compared with wild-type cells and are dependent on this metabolic reprogramming for their competitive advantage. Treatment with metformin, an anti-diabetic drug that inhibits mitochondrial respiration8, reduced the competitive advantage of Dnmt3aR878H/+ HSCs. Through a multi-omics approach, we found that metformin acts by enhancing methylation potential in Dnmt3aR878H/+ HSPCs and reversing the aberrant DNA CpG methylation and histone H3 K27 trimethylation profiles in these cells. Metformin also reduced the competitive advantage of human DNMT3AR882H HSPCs generated by prime editing. Our findings provide preclinical rationale for investigating metformin as a preventive intervention against DNMT3A R882 mutation-driven clonal haematopoiesis in humans. Dnmt3a mutations in mouse haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells equivalent to R882 mutations in human cause increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that this is a mechanism of clonal haematopoiesis and a potential therapeutic target.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hosseini, Mohsen and Voisin, Veronique and Chegini, Ali and Varesi, Angelica and Cathelin, Severine and Ayyathan, Dhanoop Manikoth and Liu, Alex C. H. and Yang, Yitong and Wang, Vivian and Maher, Abdula and Grignano, Eric and Reisz, Julie A. and D’Alessandro, Angelo and Young, Kira and Wu, Yiyan and Fiumara, Martina and Ferrari, Samuele and Naldini, Luigi and Gaiti, Federico and Pai, Shraddha and Egan, Grace and Schimmer, Aaron D. and Bader, Gary D. and Dick, John E. and Xie, Stephanie Z. and Trowbridge, Jennifer J. and Chan, Steven M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08871-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {421-430}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metformin reduces the competitive advantage of Dnmt3aR878H HSPCs}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors. NATURE, 642(8067), 411-420. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with therapeutic potential for treating mental illnesses1–4. At the cellular level, psychedelics induce structural neural plasticity5,6, exemplified by the drug-evoked growth and remodelling of dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal cells7–9. A key question is how these cellular modifications map onto cell-type-specific circuits to produce the psychedelics’ behavioural actions10. Here we use in vivo optical imaging, chemogenetic perturbation and cell-type-specific electrophysiology to investigate the impact of psilocybin on the two main types of pyramidal cells in the mouse medial frontal cortex. We find that a single dose of psilocybin increases the density of dendritic spines in both the subcortical-projecting, pyramidal tract (PT) and intratelencephalic (IT) cell types. Behaviourally, silencing the PT neurons eliminates psilocybin’s ability to ameliorate stress-related phenotypes, whereas silencing IT neurons has no detectable effect. In PT neurons only, psilocybin boosts synaptic calcium transients and elevates firing rates acutely after administration. Targeted knockout of 5-HT2A receptors abolishes psilocybin’s effects on stress-related behaviour and structural plasticity. Collectively, these results identify that a pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action. A pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shao, Ling-Xiao and Liao, Clara and Davoudian, Pasha A. and Savalia, Neil K. and Jiang, Quan and Wojtasiewicz, Cassandra and Tan, Diran and Nothnagel, Jack D. and Liu, Rong-Jian and Woodburn, Samuel C. and Bilash, Olesia M. and Kim, Hail and Che, Alicia and Kwan, Alex C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08813-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {411-420}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue. NATURE, 642(8067), 398-410. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The information-processing capability of the brain’s cellular network depends on the physical wiring pattern between neurons and their molecular and functional characteristics. Mapping neurons and resolving their individual synaptic connections can be achieved by volumetric imaging at nanoscale resolution1,2 with dense cellular labelling. Light microscopy is uniquely positioned to visualize specific molecules, but dense, synapse-level circuit reconstruction by light microscopy has been out of reach, owing to limitations in resolution, contrast and volumetric imaging capability. Here we describe light-microscopy-based connectomics (LICONN). We integrated specifically engineered hydrogel embedding and expansion with comprehensive deep-learning-based segmentation and analysis of connectivity, thereby directly incorporating molecular information into synapse-level reconstructions of brain tissue. LICONN will allow synapse-level phenotyping of brain tissue in biological experiments in a readily adoptable manner. A technique called LICONN (light-microscopy-based connectomics) allows mapping of brain tissue at synapse level and simultaneous measurement of molecular information, thus enabling quantification of cellular properties and multimodal analysis of brain tissue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tavakoli, Mojtaba R. and Lyudchik, Julia and Januszewski, Michał and Vistunou, Vitali and Agudelo Dueñas, Nathalie and Vorlaufer, Jakob and Sommer, Christoph and Kreuzinger, Caroline and Oliveira, Bárbara and Cenameri, Alban and Novarino, Gaia and Jain, Viren and Danzl, Johann G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {398-410}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The phased pan-genome of tetraploid european potato. NATURE, 642(8067), 389-397. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Potatoes were first brought to Europe in the sixteenth century1,2. Two hundred years later, one of the species had become one of the most important food sources across the entire continent and, later, even the entire world3. However, its highly heterozygous, autotetraploid genome has complicated its improvement since then4–7. Here we present the pan-genome of European potatoes generated from phased genome assemblies of ten historical potato cultivars, which includes approximately 85% of all haplotypes segregating in Europe. Sequence diversity between the haplotypes was extremely high (for example, 20× higher than in humans), owing to numerous introgressions from wild potato species. By contrast, haplotype diversity was very low, in agreement with the population bottlenecks caused by domestication and transition to Europe. To illustrate a practical application of the pan-genome, we converted it into a haplotype graph and used it to generate phased, megabase-scale pseudo-genome assemblies of commercial potatoes (including the famous French fries potato ‘Russet Burbank’) using cost-efficient short reads only. In summary, we present a nearly complete pan-genome of autotetraploid European potato, we describe extraordinarily high sequence diversity in a domesticated crop, and we outline how this resource might be used to accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and research. A haplotype-resolved pan-genome of autotetraploid European potato founder lines shows high nucleotide diversity at remarkably low haplotype diversity, which is probably the result of hybridization events with wild potato species, followed by population bottlenecks during domestication and transition to Europe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Hequan and Tusso, Sergio and Dent, Craig I. and Goel, Manish and Wijfjes, Raúl Y. and Baus, Lisa C. and Dong, Xiao and Campoy, José A. and Kurdadze, Ana and Walkemeier, Birgit and Sänger, Christine and Huettel, Bruno and Hutten, Ronald C. B. and van Eck, Herman J. and Dehmer, Klaus J. and Schneeberger, Korbinian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08843-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {389-397}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The phased pan-genome of tetraploid european potato}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cryptic role for reciprocal helping in a cooperatively breeding bird. NATURE, 642(8067), 381-388. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Identifying the mechanisms that underlie cooperation is fundamental to biology1. The most complex form of cooperation in vertebrates occurs in cooperative breeders, in which helpers forego reproduction and assist in raising the young of others, typically relatives2. Not all cooperative societies, however, are kin-based—nearly half of all avian3 and mammalian4 cooperative breeders form mixed-kin societies, much like those of humans5. Kin selection in mixed-kin societies occurs when individuals gain indirect fitness from the preferential helping of relatives6, but helpers also frequently assist non-kin7, highlighting a potential role for direct fitness in stabilizing cooperative societies7,8. Here, using a 20-year study of superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus), we examined how direct and indirect fitness jointly influence helping behaviour. Although we detected kin-biased helping (demonstrating kin selection), non-kin helping was common despite opportunities to aid kin. Unexpectedly, specific pairs maintained long-term reciprocal helping relationships by swapping social roles across their lifetimes—a subtle pattern of reciprocity requiring decades of observation to detect. Given the frequency of non-kin helping and the occurrence of reciprocal helping among both kin and non-kin, helping behaviour in superb starlings seems to be greatly influenced by direct fitness. However, the relative importance of direct and indirect fitness varied with helpers’ sex and dispersal history. By uncovering a cryptic yet crucial role of long-term reciprocal helping, we suggest that reciprocity may be an underappreciated mechanism promoting the stability of cooperatively breeding societies. A study of the cooperative breeding behaviour of superb starlings during 40 consecutive breeding seasons over 20 years reveals long-term reciprocal helping between both related and unrelated individuals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Earl, Alexis D. and Carter, Gerald G. and Berlinger, Arden G. and Korir, Elkana and Shah, Shailee S. and Watetu, Wilson N. and Rubenstein, Dustin R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08958-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {381-388}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cryptic role for reciprocal helping in a cooperatively breeding bird}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ru and w isotope systematics in ocean island basalts reveals core leakage. NATURE, 642(8067), 376-380. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The isotopic composition of lavas associated with mantle plumes has previously been interpreted in the light of core–mantle interaction, suggesting that mantle plumes may transport core material to Earth’s surface1–5. However, a definitive fingerprint of Earth’s core in the mantle remains unconfirmed. Precious metals, such as ruthenium (Ru), are highly concentrated in the metallic core but extremely depleted in the silicate mantle. Recently discovered mass-independent Ru isotope variations (ε100Ru) in ancient rocks show that the Ru isotope composition of accreted material changed during later stages of Earth’s growth6, indicating that the core and mantle must have different Ru isotope compositions. This illustrates the potential of Ru isotopes as a new tracer for core–mantle interaction. Here we report Ru isotope anomalies for ocean island basalts. Basalts from Hawaii have higher ε100Ru than the ambient mantle. Combined with unradiogenic tungsten (W) isotope ratios, this is diagnostic of a core contribution to their mantle sources. The combined Ru and W isotope systematics of Hawaiian basalts are best explained by simple core entrainment but addition of core-derived oxide minerals at the core–mantle boundary is a possibility. Ru isotopes are proposed as tracers for core–mantle interaction on Earth, and anomalies for ocean island basalts from Hawaii are reported that have higher ε100Ru than the ambient mantle.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Messling, Nils and Willbold, Matthias and Kallas, Leander and Elliott, Tim and Fitton, J. Godfrey and Müller, Thomas and Geist, Dennis}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09003-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {376-380}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ru and w isotope systematics in ocean island basalts reveals core leakage}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Air pollution modulates trends and variability of the global methane budget. NATURE, 642(8067), 369-375. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Air pollution affects climate through various complex interactions1. It perturbs the Earth’s radiative energy balance and alters the atmospheric oxidation capacity, which determines the lifetimes of short-lived climate forcers, such as methane1. A key mechanism in this dynamic is the impact of air pollutants on the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidant in the troposphere, which accounts for approximately 90% of the methane chemical sink2. However, a comprehensive quantification of the interactions between air pollutants, OH and methane over decadal timescales remains incomplete2. Here we develop an integrated observation-driven and model-driven approach to quantify how variations in key air pollutants influence the methane chemical sink and alter the methane budget. Our results indicate that, from 2005 to 2021, enhanced tropospheric ozone, increased water vapour and decreased carbon monoxide levels collectively contributed to a 1.3–2.0 Tg year−1 increase per year in the global methane sink, thereby buffering atmospheric methane growth rates. This increase in the methane sink was primarily concentrated in tropical regions and exhibited a north–south asymmetry. Periods of high methane growth were typically linked to abrupt OH level declines driven by fluctuations in air pollutants, especially during extreme events such as mega wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study suggests a trade-off between O3 pollution control and methane removal mediated by OH and highlights the risk of increasing carbon monoxide emissions from widespread wildfires. An integrated observation-driven and model-driven approach demonstrates that, from 2005 to 2021, periods of high atmospheric methane growth were linked to trends and variations in OH levels driven by fluctuations in air pollutants, especially during extreme events.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Yuanhong and Zheng, Bo and Saunois, Marielle and Ciais, Philippe and Hegglin, Michaela I. and Lu, Shengmin and Li, Yifan and Bousquet, Philippe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09004-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {369-375}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Air pollution modulates trends and variability of the global methane budget}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global dominance of seasonality in shaping lake-surface-extent dynamics. NATURE, 642(8067), 361-368. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lakes are crucial for ecosystems1, greenhouse gas emissions2 and water resources3, yet their surface-extent dynamics, particularly seasonality, remain poorly understood at continental to global scales owing to limitations in satellite observations4,5. Although previous studies have focused on long-term changes6–8, comprehensive assessments of seasonality have been constrained by trade-offs between spatial resolution and temporal resolution in single-source satellite data. Here we show that seasonality is the dominant driver of lake-surface-extent variations globally. By leveraging a deep-learning-based spatiotemporal fusion of MODIS and Landsat-based datasets, combined with high-performance computing, we achieved monthly mapping of 1.4 million lakes (2001–2023). Our approach yielded basin-level median user’s and producer’s accuracies of 93% and 96%, respectively, when validated against the Global Surface Water dataset7. Seasonality-dominated lakes constitute 66% of the global lake area and approximately 60% of total lake counts, with over 90% of the world’s population residing in regions where such lakes prevail. During seasonality-induced extreme events, the impacts can exceed the combined magnitude of 23-year long-term changes and regular seasonal variations, doubling the contraction of 42% of shrinking lakes and fully offsetting the expansion of 45% of growing lakes. These results uncover previously hidden seasonal dynamics that are crucial for understanding hydrospheric responses to environmental changes9, protecting lacustrine systems10–12 and improving global climate models13,14. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating seasonality into future research and suggest that advancements in the fusion of multisource remote-sensing data offer a promising path forward. Monthly mapping of multisource remote-sensing data for 1.4 million lakes reveals that seasonality is the dominant driver of lake-surface-extent variations globally.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Luoqi and Long, Di and Wang, Yiming and Woolway, R. Iestyn}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09046-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {361-368}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global dominance of seasonality in shaping lake-surface-extent dynamics}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope hexanitrogen c2h-n6. NATURE, 642(8067), 356-360. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Compounds consisting only of the element nitrogen (polynitrogens or nitrogen allotropes) are considered promising clean energy-storage materials owing to their immense energy content that is much higher than hydrogen, ammonia or hydrazine, which are in common use, and because they release only harmless nitrogen on decomposition1. However, their extreme instability poses a substantial synthetic challenge and no neutral molecular nitrogen allotrope beyond N2 has been isolated2,3. Here we present the room-temperature preparation of molecular N6 (hexanitrogen) through the gas-phase reaction of chlorine or bromine with silver azide, followed by trapping in argon matrices at 10 K. We also prepared neat N6 as a film at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), further indicating its stability. Infrared and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, 15N-isotope labelling and ab initio computations firmly support our findings. The preparation of a metastable molecular nitrogen allotrope beyond N2 contributes to our fundamental scientific knowledge and possibly opens new opportunities for future energy-storage concepts.  The facile synthesis and spectroscopic identification of previously unreported hexanitrogen C2h-N6 is described, representing experimentally realized neutral molecular nitrogen allotropes beyond N2 that exhibit unexpected stability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qian, Weiyu and Mardyukov, Artur and Schreiner, Peter R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09032-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {356-360}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope hexanitrogen c2h-n6}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The structure of liquid carbon elucidated by in situ X-ray diffraction. NATURE, 642(8067), 351-355. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbon has a central role in biology and organic chemistry, and its solid allotropes provide the basis of much of our modern technology1. However, the liquid form of carbon remains nearly uncharted2, and the structure of liquid carbon and most of its physical properties are essentially unknown3. But liquid carbon is relevant for modelling planetary interiors4,5 and the atmospheres of white dwarfs6, as an intermediate state for the synthesis of advanced carbon materials7,8, inertial confinement fusion implosions9, hypervelocity impact events on carbon materials10 and our general understanding of structured fluids at extreme conditions11. Here we present a precise structure measurement of liquid carbon at pressures of around 1 million atmospheres obtained by in situ X-ray diffraction at an X-ray free-electron laser. Our results show a complex fluid with transient bonding and approximately four nearest neighbours on average, in agreement with quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The obtained data substantiate the understanding of the liquid state of one of the most abundant elements in the universe and can test models of the melting line. The demonstrated experimental abilities open the path to performing similar studies of the structure of liquids composed of light elements at extreme conditions. A precise structure measurement of liquid carbon at pressures of around 1 million atmospheres obtained by in situ X-ray diffraction at an X-ray free-electron laser shows a complex fluid with transient bonding and approximately four nearest neighbours on average.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kraus, D. and Rips, J. and Schörner, M. and Stevenson, M. G. and Vorberger, J. and Ranjan, D. and Lütgert, J. and Heuser, B. and Eggert, J. H. and Liermann, H.-P. and Oleynik, I. I. and Pandolfi, S. and Redmer, R. and Sollier, A. and Strohm, C. and Volz, T. J. and Albertazzi, B. and Ali, S. J. and Antonelli, L. and Bähtz, C. and Ball, O. B. and Banerjee, S. and Belonoshko, A. B. and Bolme, C. A. and Bouffetier, V. and Briggs, R. and Buakor, K. and Butcher, T. and Cerantola, V. and Chantel, J. and Coleman, A. L. and Collier, J. and Collins, G. W. and Comley, A. J. and Cowan, T. E. and Cristoforetti, G. and Cynn, H. and Descamps, A. and Di Cicco, A. and Di Dio Cafiso, S. and Dorchies, F. and Duff, M. J. and Dwivedi, A. and Edwards, C. and Errandonea, D. and Galitskiy, S. and Galtier, E. and Ginestet, H. and Gizzi, L. and Gleason, A. and Göde, S. and Gonzalez, J. M. and Gorman, M. G. and Harmand, M. and Hartley, N. J. and Heighway, P. G. and Hernandez-Gomez, C. and Higginbotham, A. and Höppner, H. and Husband, R. J. and Hutchinson, T. M. and Hwang, H. and Keen, D. A. and Kim, J. and Koester, P. and Konôpková, Z. and Krygier, A. and Labate, L. and Laso Garcia, A. and Lazicki, A. E. and Lee, Y. and Mason, P. and Masruri, M. and Massani, B. and McBride, E. E. and McHardy, J. D. and McGonegle, D. and McGuire, C. and McWilliams, R. S. and Merkel, S. and Morard, G. and Nagler, B. and Nakatsutsumi, M. and Nguyen-Cong, K. and Norton, A.-M. and Ozaki, N. and Otzen, C. and Peake, D. J. and Pelka, A. and Pereira, K. A. and Phillips, J. P. and Prescher, C. and Preston, T. R. and Randolph, L. and Ravasio, A. and Santamaria-Perez, D. and Savage, D. J. and Schölmerich, M. and Schwinkendorf, J.-P. and Singh, S. and Smith, J. and Smith, R. F. and Spear, J. and Spindloe, C. and Suer, T.-A. and Tang, M. and Toncian, M. and Toncian, T. and Tracy, S. J. and Trapananti, A. and Vennari, C. E. and Vinci, T. and Tyldesley, M. and Vogel, S. C. and Walsh, J. P. S. and Wark, J. S. and Willman, J. T. and Wollenweber, L. and Zastrau, U. and Brambrink, E. and Appel, K. and McMahon, M. I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09035-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {351-355}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The structure of liquid carbon elucidated by in situ X-ray diffraction}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Physical restoration of a painting with a digitally constructed mask. NATURE, 642(8067), 343-350. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Conservation of damaged oil paintings requires manual inpainting of losses1,2, leading to months-long treatments of considerable expense; 70% of paintings in institutional collections are locked away from public view, in part because of treatment cost3,4. Recent advancements in digital image reconstruction have helped to envision treatment results, although without any direct means of achieving them5–8. Here I describe the physically applied digital restoration of a painting, a highly damaged oil-on-panel attributed to the Master of the Prado Adoration from the late fifteenth century. In parallel, 5,612 losses spanning 66,205 mm2 and 57,314 colours were infilled with a reversible laminate mask comprising a colour-accurate bilayer of printed pigments on polymeric films. To ensure the effectiveness of the restoration, ethical principles in painting conservation were implemented quantitatively for digital mask construction, a critically important foundation lacking in the current digital restoration literature. The infill process took 3.5 h, an estimated 66 times faster than conventional inpainting, and the result closely matched the simulation. This approach grants greatly increased foresight and flexibility to conservators, enabling the restoration of countless damaged paintings deemed unworthy of high conservation budgets. A digital restoration technique for damaged paintings was developed, in which a colour-accurate bilayer mask of printed pigments on polymeric films was used, reducing treatment time and cost while adhering to ethical conservation principles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kachkine, Alex}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09045-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {343-350}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Physical restoration of a painting with a digitally constructed mask}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Milli-spinner thrombectomy. NATURE, 642(8067), 336-342. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clot-induced blockage in arteries or veins can cause severe medical conditions1. Mechanical thrombectomy is a minimally invasive technique used to treat ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and peripheral vascular disease2–4 by removing clots through aspiration5, stent retriever6 or cutting mechanisms7. However, current mechanical thrombectomy methods fail to remove clots in 10–30% of patients8–10, especially in the case of large, fibrin-rich clots11. These methods can also rupture and fragment clots12, causing distal emboli and poor outcomes13. To overcome these challenges, we develop the milli-spinner thrombectomy, which uses a simple yet innovative mechanics concept to modify the clot’s microstructure, facilitating its removal. The milli-spinner works by mechanically densifying the clot’s fibrin network and releasing red blood cells through spinning-induced compression and shear forces. It can shrink the clot volume by 95% for easy and fast removal. In vitro tests in pulmonary and cerebral artery flow models and in vivo experiments in swine models demonstrate that the milli-spinner achieves ultrafast clot debulking and high-fidelity revascularization, outperforming aspiration thrombectomy. The milli-spinner thrombectomy directly modifies the clot microstructure to facilitate clot removal, improving mechanical thrombectomy success rates compared with current methods that rely on clot rupture or cutting. This approach offers a promising new direction for mechanical thrombectomy devices, especially for treating ischaemic stroke, pulmonary embolism and peripheral thrombosis. The milli-spinner thrombectomy facilitates fast, complete clot removal by using spinning-induced compression and shear forces to mechanically modify the clot microstructure through densifying the fibrin network and releasing red blood cells, thus reducing clot volume.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chang, Yilong and Wu, Shuai and Li, Qi and Pulli, Benjamin and Salmi, Darren and Yock, Paul and Heit, Jeremy J. and Zhao, Ruike Renee}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09049-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {336-342}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Milli-spinner thrombectomy}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A complementary two-dimensional material-based one instruction set computer. NATURE, 642(8067), 327-335. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Silicon has enabled advancements in semiconductor technology through miniaturization, but scaling challenges necessitate the exploration of new materials1. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their atomic thickness and high carrier mobility, offer a promising alternative2–5. Although significant progress has been made in wafer-scale growth6–8, high-performance field-effect transistors9–20 and circuits based on 2D materials21–23, achieving complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) integration remains a challenge. Here, we present a 2D one instruction set computer based on CMOS technology, leveraging the heterogeneous integration of large-area n-type MoS2 and p-type WSe2 field-effect transistors. By scaling the channel length, incorporating a high-κ gate dielectric and optimizing material growth and device postprocessing, we tailored the threshold voltages for both n- and p-type 2D field-effect transistors, achieving high drive currents and reduced subthreshold leakage. This enabled circuit operation below 3 V with an operating frequency of up to 25 kHz, which was constrained by parasitic capacitances, along with ultra-low power consumption in the picowatt range and a switching energy as low as approximately 100 pJ. Finally, we projected the performance of the one instruction set computer and benchmarked it against state-of-the-art silicon technology using an industry-standard SPICE-compatible BSIM-BULK model. This model was calibrated with experimental data that incorporate device-to-device variations. Although further advances are needed, this work marks a significant milestone in the application of 2D materials to microelectronics. A two-dimensional one instruction set computer has been fabricated based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology by leveraging the heterogeneous integration of large-area n-type MoS2 and p-type WSe2 field-effect transistors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ghosh, Subir and Zheng, Yikai and Rafiq, Musaib and Ravichandran, Harikrishnan and Sun, Yongwen and Chen, Chen and Goswami, Mrinmoy and Sakib, Najam U and Sadaf, Muhtasim Ul Karim and Pannone, Andrew and Ray, Samriddha and Redwing, Joan M. and Yang, Yang and Sahay, Shubham and Das, Saptarshi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08963-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {327-335}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A complementary two-dimensional material-based one instruction set computer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of string breaking on a (2 + 1)D rydberg quantum simulator. NATURE, 642(8067), 321-326. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) describe a broad range of phenomena in condensed matter and particle physics. A prominent example is confinement, responsible for bounding quarks inside hadrons such as protons or neutrons1. When quark–antiquark pairs are separated, the energy stored in the string of gluon fields connecting them grows linearly with their distance, until there is enough energy to create new pairs from the vacuum and break the string. Although these phenomena are ubiquitous in LGTs, simulating the resulting dynamics is a challenging task2. Here we report the observation of string breaking in synthetic quantum matter using a programmable quantum simulator based on neutral atom arrays3–5. We show that a (2 + 1)-dimensional LGT with dynamical matter can be efficiently implemented when the atoms are placed on a Kagome geometry6, with a local U(1) symmetry emerging from the Rydberg blockade7. Long-range Rydberg interactions naturally give rise to a linear confining potential for a pair of charges, allowing us to tune both their masses and the string tension. We experimentally probe string breaking in equilibrium by adiabatically preparing the ground state of the atom array in the presence of defects, distinguishing regions within the confined phase dominated by fluctuating strings or by broken string configurations. Finally, by harnessing local control over the atomic detuning, we quench string states and observe string-breaking dynamics exhibiting a many-body resonance phenomenon. Our work provides opportunities for exploring phenomena in high-energy physics using programmable quantum simulators. A quantum simulation of a (2 + 1)-dimensional lattice gauge theory is carried out on a quantum computer working with neutral atoms trapped by optical tweezers in a Kagome geometry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {González-Cuadra, Daniel and Hamdan, Majd and Zache, Torsten V. and Braverman, Boris and Kornjača, Milan and Lukin, Alexander and Cantú, Sergio H. and Liu, Fangli and Wang, Sheng-Tao and Keesling, Alexander and Lukin, Mikhail D. and Zoller, Peter and Bylinskii, Alexei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09051-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {321-326}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of string breaking on a (2 + 1)D rydberg quantum simulator}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Visualizing dynamics of charges and strings in (2 + 1)D lattice gauge theories. NATURE, 642(8067), 315-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lattice gauge theories (LGTs)1–4 can be used to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials5–7. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging, as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits8–10. Here we investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit that prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create charge excitations with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics by means of a discretized time evolution. As the electric field coupling constant is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the electric field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT, from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement, the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, whereas for strong confinement, transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen11,12. We also demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a new set of techniques for investigating emergent excitations and string dynamics. In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cochran, T. A. and Jobst, B. and Rosenberg, E. and Lensky, Y. D. and Gyawali, G. and Eassa, N. and Will, M. and Szasz, A. and Abanin, D. and Acharya, R. and Aghababaie Beni, L. and Andersen, T. I. and Ansmann, M. and Arute, F. and Arya, K. and Asfaw, A. and Atalaya, J. and Babbush, R. and Ballard, B. and Bardin, J. C. and Bengtsson, A. and Bilmes, A. and Bourassa, A. and Bovaird, J. and Broughton, M. and Browne, D. A. and Buchea, B. and Buckley, B. B. and Burger, T. and Burkett, B. and Bushnell, N. and Cabrera, A. and Campero, J. and Chang, H.-S. and Chen, Z. and Chiaro, B. and Claes, J. and Cleland, A. Y. and Cogan, J. and Collins, R. and Conner, P. and Courtney, W. and Crook, A. L. and Curtin, B. and Das, S. and Demura, S. and De Lorenzo, L. and Di Paolo, A. and Donohoe, P. and Drozdov, I. and Dunsworth, A. and Eickbusch, A. and Elbag, A. Moshe and Elzouka, M. and Erickson, C. and Ferreira, V. S. and Burgos, L. Flores and Forati, E. and Fowler, A. G. and Foxen, B. and Ganjam, S. and Gasca, R. and Genois, É. and Giang, W. and Gilboa, D. and Gosula, R. and Grajales Dau, A. and Graumann, D. and Greene, A. and Gross, J. A. and Habegger, S. and Hansen, M. and Harrigan, M. P. and Harrington, S. D. and Heu, P. and Higgott, O. and Hilton, J. and Huang, H.-Y. and Huff, A. and Huggins, W. and Jeffrey, E. and Jiang, Z. and Jones, C. and Joshi, C. and Juhas, P. and Kafri, D. and Kang, H. and Karamlou, A. H. and Kechedzhi, K. and Khaire, T. and Khattar, T. and Khezri, M. and Kim, S. and Klimov, P. and Kobrin, B. and Korotkov, A. and Kostritsa, F. and Kreikebaum, J. and Kurilovich, V. and Landhuis, D. and Lange-Dei, T. and Langley, B. and Lau, K.-M. and Ledford, J. and Lee, K. and Lester, B. and Le Guevel, L. and Li, W. and Lill, A. T. and Livingston, W. and Locharla, A. and Lundahl, D. and Lunt, A. and Madhuk, S. and Maloney, A. and Mandrà, S. and Martin, L. and Martin, O. and Maxfield, C. and McClean, J. and McEwen, M. and Meeks, S. and Megrant, A. and Miao, K. and Molavi, R. and Molina, S. and Montazeri, S. and Movassagh, R. and Neill, C. and Newman, M. and Nguyen, A. and Nguyen, M. and Ni, C.-H. and Ottosson, K. and Pizzuto, A. and Potter, R. and Pritchard, O. and Quintana, C. and Ramachandran, G. and Reagor, M. and Rhodes, D. and Roberts, G. and Sankaragomathi, K. and Satzinger, K. and Schurkus, H. and Shearn, M. and Shorter, A. and Shutty, N. and Shvarts, V. and Sivak, V. and Small, S. and Smith, W. C. and Springer, S. and Sterling, G. and Suchard, J. and Sztein, A. and Thor, D. and Torunbalci, M. and Vaishnav, A. and Vargas, J. and Vdovichev, S. and Vidal, G. and Vollgraff Heidweiller, C. and Waltman, S. and Wang, S. X. and Ware, B. and White, T. and Wong, K. and Woo, B. W. K. and Xing, C. and Yao, Z. Jamie and Yeh, P. and Ying, B. and Yoo, J. and Yosri, N. and Young, G. and Zalcman, A. and Zhang, Y. and Zhu, N. and Zobrist, N. and Boixo, S. and Kelly, J. and Lucero, E. and Chen, Y. and Smelyanskiy, V. and Neven, H. and Gammon-Smith, A. and Pollmann, F. and Knap, M. and Roushan, P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08999-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {315-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Visualizing dynamics of charges and strings in (2 + 1)D lattice gauge theories}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Computer processors built from 2D materials. NATURE, 642(8067), 312-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {These prototype processors made from atomically thin materials offer a glimpse into a post-silicon-transistor future, but scaling challenges remain. These prototype processors made from atomically thin materials offer a glimpse into a post-silicon-transistor future, but scaling challenges remain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Waltl, Michael and Grasser, Tibor}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01453-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {312-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Computer processors built from 2D materials}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lipid-degrading small molecule kills cancer cells by ferroptosis. NATURE, 642(8067), 311-312. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A molecule designed to activate iron locked up in organelles called lysosomes and thereby induce cell death might offer a way to tackle treatment-resistant cancer. A molecule designed to activate iron locked up in organelles called lysosomes and thereby induce cell death might offer a way to tackle treatment-resistant cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lange, Mike and Olzmann, James A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01337-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {311-312}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lipid-degrading small molecule kills cancer cells by ferroptosis}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Age-related blood condition counteracted with a common diabetes drug. NATURE, 642(8067), 309-311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metformin could reduce people’s risk of certain age-associated blood cancers, but more work is needed to identify who is likely to benefit. Metformin could reduce people’s risk of certain age-associated blood cancers, but more work is needed to identify who is likely to benefit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khabusheva, Elmira and Goodell, Margaret A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01129-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {309-311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Age-related blood condition counteracted with a common diabetes drug}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mathematics in ancient egypt. NATURE, 642(8067), 309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Calculation principles found in a papyrus scroll, and an author shares his love of lichens in this week’s pick from the Nature archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01585-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mathematics in ancient egypt}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Simulation of matter–antimatter creation on quantum platforms. NATURE, 642(8067), 308-309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two-dimensional quantum platforms have simulated a process in particle physics called string breaking that generates matter–antimatter pairs. Two-dimensional quantum platforms have simulated a process in particle physics called string breaking that generates matter–antimatter pairs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Burrello, Michele}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01581-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {308-309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Simulation of matter–antimatter creation on quantum platforms}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain tissue artificially expanded to show how neurons wire together. NATURE, 642(8067), 306-307. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A fluorescence-microscopy method for tracing neuronal connections in the brain could make connectomics studies more widely accessible for neuroscientists. A fluorescence-microscopy method for tracing neuronal connections in the brain could make connectomics studies more widely accessible for neuroscientists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kornfeld, Joergen M. R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01338-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {306-307}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain tissue artificially expanded to show how neurons wire together}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Digitally constructed mask brings a damaged painting back to life. NATURE, 642(8067), 305-306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A damaged painting has been visually restored by digitally reconstructing missing areas of paint and printing them onto a removable mask. A damaged painting has been visually restored by digitally reconstructing missing areas of paint and printing them onto a removable mask.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kutzke, Hartmut}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01582-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {305-306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Digitally constructed mask brings a damaged painting back to life}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reduced investment in universities has multifaceted effects. NATURE, 642(8067), 303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hashiguchi, Akiko}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01809-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reduced investment in universities has multifaceted effects}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Not all clinical data in the united states are fragmented. NATURE, 642(8067), 303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lewis, Enlli}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01810-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Not all clinical data in the united states are fragmented}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Greening nickel extraction requires institutional and financial support. NATURE, 642(8067), 303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Zhangxin Frank}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01811-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Greening nickel extraction requires institutional and financial support}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Making concrete sustainable globally requires technology transfer. NATURE, 642(8067), 303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wen, Chengqian and Xu, Xintao and Guo, Huiping}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01812-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Making concrete sustainable globally requires technology transfer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A message from island leaders: Protect the pacific ocean from deep-sea mining. NATURE, 642(8067), 299-302. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As heads of Pacific island nations, we urge governments worldwide to avoid irreversible environmental damage to the region as well as the needless economic and geopolitical risks. As heads of Pacific island nations, we urge governments worldwide to avoid irreversible environmental damage to the region as well as the needless economic and geopolitical risks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brotherson, Moetai and Whipps Jr, Surangel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01774-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {299-302}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A message from island leaders: Protect the pacific ocean from deep-sea mining}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Yvonne choquet-bruhat obituary: Mathematician who established that einstein’s equations mirror the real world. NATURE, 642(8067), 298. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pioneer of general relativity and gravitational-wave theories saw her work confirmed by observations 65 years later. Pioneer of general relativity and gravitational-wave theories saw her work confirmed by observations 65 years later.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dafermos, Mihalis}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01763-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {298}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Yvonne choquet-bruhat obituary: Mathematician who established that einstein’s equations mirror the real world}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What puzzles people, past and present: Books in brief. NATURE, 642(8067), 297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01800-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What puzzles people, past and present: Books in brief}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do our observations make reality happen?. NATURE, 642(8067), 294-297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Finally answering the most-vexed question in quantum theory might mean redefining what is real. Finally answering the most-vexed question in quantum theory might mean redefining what is real.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ney, Alyssa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01773-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {294-297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do our observations make reality happen?}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How DEI is misunderstood — And the real route to gender equality. NATURE, 642(8067), 292-294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A provocative book explores the barriers that hold women back, why previous diversity, equity and inclusion approaches have failed and how to move forward. A provocative book explores the barriers that hold women back, why previous diversity, equity and inclusion approaches have failed and how to move forward.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Agarwal, Pragya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01772-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {292-294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How DEI is misunderstood — And the real route to gender equality}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to speak to a vaccine sceptic: Research reveals what works. NATURE, 642(8067), 289-291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hesitancy about vaccinations is on the rise, but studies show there are specific ways to address people's questions. Hesitancy about vaccinations is on the rise, but studies show there are specific ways to address people's questions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01771-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {289-291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to speak to a vaccine sceptic: Research reveals what works}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to keep weight off after obesity drugs. NATURE, 642(8067), 286-288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Options are emerging for the tens of millions of people who stop taking GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, cost or availability. Options are emerging for the tens of millions of people who stop taking GLP-1 drugs because of side effects, cost or availability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01770-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {286-288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to keep weight off after obesity drugs}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genomics pioneer fired from firm he founded: ‘It was not easy to domesticate me’. NATURE, 642(8067), 284. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Kári Stefánsson, who last month left the Icelandic genetics company deCODE, spoke to Nature about his legacy. Kári Stefánsson, who last month left the Icelandic genetics company deCODE, spoke to Nature about his legacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01738-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {284}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genomics pioneer fired from firm he founded: ‘It was not easy to domesticate me’}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Web-scraping AI bots cause disruption for scientific databases and journals. NATURE, 642(8067), 281-282. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Automated programs gathering training data for artificial-intelligence tools are overwhelming academic websites. Automated programs gathering training data for artificial-intelligence tools are overwhelming academic websites.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01661-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {281-282}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Web-scraping AI bots cause disruption for scientific databases and journals}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain-reading devices raise ethical dilemmas — Researchers propose protections. NATURE, 642(8067), 280-281. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Delegates to a United Nations meeting on neurotechnology ethics have devised the first set of global guidelines on maintaining users’ privacy. Delegates to a United Nations meeting on neurotechnology ethics have devised the first set of global guidelines on maintaining users’ privacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tjandra, Kristel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01679-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {280-281}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain-reading devices raise ethical dilemmas — Researchers propose protections}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘You’re just not welcome’: Researchers grapple with US plan to revoke chinese student visas. NATURE, 642(8067), 277-278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists are eyeing their legal options in anticipation of new immigration actions. Scientists are eyeing their legal options in anticipation of new immigration actions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gilbert, Natasha}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01746-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {277-278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘You’re just not welcome’: Researchers grapple with US plan to revoke chinese student visas}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solved: The mystery of the evaporating planet. NATURE, 642(8067), 275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An intimate look at a puffy exoplanet and its nearest star has revealed its tragic destiny. An intimate look at a puffy exoplanet and its nearest star has revealed its tragic destiny.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01684-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solved: The mystery of the evaporating planet}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clever cockatoos learn an easy way to quench their thirst. NATURE, 642(8067), 275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some birds master the fine art of manoeuvring beak, feet and body weight to turn on a tap. Some birds master the fine art of manoeuvring beak, feet and body weight to turn on a tap.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01685-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clever cockatoos learn an easy way to quench their thirst}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). To progress, science must be truly global. NATURE, 642(8067), 274. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Building scientific capacity in the global south is key to solving today’s most pressing planetary challenges. Building scientific capacity in the global south is key to solving today’s most pressing planetary challenges.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Knobel, Marcelo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01769-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {274}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {To progress, science must be truly global}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dementia is deadly — The UN needs to take it more seriously. NATURE, 642(8067), 273. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Improved recognition of dementia as a major non-communicable disease by multilateral organizations is crucial, to build awareness and increase funding to tackle this insidious illness. Improved recognition of dementia as a major non-communicable disease by multilateral organizations is crucial, to build awareness and increase funding to tackle this insidious illness.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barbarino, Paola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01768-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {273}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dementia is deadly — The UN needs to take it more seriously}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Close the mathematics gender gap: Huge study prompts urgent call to action. NATURE, 642(8067), 272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers reveal when boys pull ahead of girls in mathematics, sounding an alarm and providing both an opportunity for schools, parents and researchers. Researchers reveal when boys pull ahead of girls in mathematics, sounding an alarm and providing both an opportunity for schools, parents and researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01799-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Close the mathematics gender gap: Huge study prompts urgent call to action}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stop ignoring small-scale fisheries in economic models. NATURE, 642(8067), 271-272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Economic policies are lacking in data on small-scale fisheries. A team of researchers is determined to change that. Economic policies are lacking in data on small-scale fisheries. A team of researchers is determined to change that.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01726-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8067}, pages = {271-272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stop ignoring small-scale fisheries in economic models}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Scienticide’ in argentina sparks huge protest by researchers. NATURE, 642(8067), 282-283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hundreds of activists, some wearing gas masks, took to the streets to denounce the government for slashing science funding. Hundreds of activists, some wearing gas masks, took to the streets to denounce the government for slashing science funding.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {De Ambrosio, Martín and Koop, Fermín}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01688-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8067}, pages = {282-283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Scienticide’ in argentina sparks huge protest by researchers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NIH grant cuts will axe clinical trials abroad — And could leave thousands without care. NATURE, 642(8067), 279-280. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {US agency’s new policy could abruptly end studies of infectious diseases and cancer, leaving researchers scrambling for funds. US agency’s new policy could abruptly end studies of infectious diseases and cancer, leaving researchers scrambling for funds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01721-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8067}, pages = {279-280}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NIH grant cuts will axe clinical trials abroad — And could leave thousands without care}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare ‘ambidextrous’ protein breaks rules of handedness. NATURE, 642(8067), 278-279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most proteins are left-handed, but scientists have found an ancient molecule that works in both mirror-image forms. Most proteins are left-handed, but scientists have found an ancient molecule that works in both mirror-image forms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01674-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8067}, pages = {278-279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare ‘ambidextrous’ protein breaks rules of handedness}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CRISPR helps to show why a boy felt no pain. NATURE, 642(8067), 275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mutation in an enzyme leads to resistance to chronic and acute pain, according to research in mice. Mutation in an enzyme leads to resistance to chronic and acute pain, according to research in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01653-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8067}, pages = {275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CRISPR helps to show why a boy felt no pain}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Missing’ air pollution is tracked to its ephemeral source. NATURE, 642(8067), 275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Discrepancy between models and measurements is resolved by peering into plumes emitted from power plants and other industrial facilities. Discrepancy between models and measurements is resolved by peering into plumes emitted from power plants and other industrial facilities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01663-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8067}, pages = {275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Missing’ air pollution is tracked to its ephemeral source}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Earth’s ambipolar electrostatic field and its role in ion escape to space. NATURE, 642(8066), E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Collinson, Glyn A. and Glocer, Alex and Pfaff, Robert and Barjatya, Aroh and Conway, Rachel and Breneman, Aaron and Clemmons, James and Eparvier, Francis and Michell, Robert and Mitchell, David and Imber, Suzie and Akbari, Hassanali and Davis, Lance and Kavanagh, Andrew and Robertson, Ellen and Swanson, Diana and Xu, Shaosui and Miller, Jacob and Cameron, Timothy and Chornay, Dennis and Uribe, Paulo and Nguyen, Long and Clayton, Robert and Graves, Nathan and Debchoudhury, Shantanab and Valentine, Henry and Ghalib, Ahmed}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09144-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Earth’s ambipolar electrostatic field and its role in ion escape to space}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Soft–hard zwitterionic additives for aqueous halide flow batteries. NATURE, 642(8066), E10. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Choi, Gyohun and Sullivan, Patrick and Lv, Xiu-Liang and Li, Wenjie and Lee, Kwanpyung and Kong, Haoyu and Gessler, Sam and Schmidt, J. R. and Feng, Dawei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09145-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Soft–hard zwitterionic additives for aqueous halide flow batteries}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Inhibitory specificity from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortex. NATURE, 642(8066), E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Bodor, Agnes L. and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Elabbady, Leila and Gamlin, Clare and Kapner, Daniel and Kinn, Sam and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Seshamani, Sharmishtaa and Suckow, Shelby and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Yin, Wenjing and Dorkenwald, Sven and Bae, J. Alexander and Castro, Manuel A. and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kemnitz, Nico and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Mu, Shang and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Silversmith, William and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Reimer, Jacob and Tolias, Andreas S. and Seung, H. Sebastian and Reid, R. Clay and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09133-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Inhibitory specificity from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortex}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic range and precision of hybrid vision sensors. NATURE, 642(8066), E7-E8. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Minhao and Douglas, Rodney and Li, Chenghan and Suess, Andreas and Ryu, Hyunsurk and Posch, Christoph and Chen, Shoushun and Berner, Raphael and Yagi, Tetsuya and Fowler, Boyd and Delbruck, Tobi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08991-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E7-E8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic range and precision of hybrid vision sensors}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: False positives in study of memory-related gene expression. NATURE, 642(8066), E4-E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Wenfei and Liu, Zhihui and Jiang, Xian and Chen, Michelle B. and Dong, Hua and Liu, Jonathan and Südhof, Thomas C. and Quake, Stephen R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08989-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E4-E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: False positives in study of memory-related gene expression}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). False positives in study of memory-related gene expression. NATURE, 642(8066), E1-E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mukamel, Eran A. and Yu, Zhaoxia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08988-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {E1-E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {False positives in study of memory-related gene expression}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Speeding up ginseng growth to aid drug discovery. NATURE, 642(8066), 264. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plant scientist Johan Sukweenadhi uses ‘hairy-root culture’ to improve ginseng yields at the University of Surabaya in Indonesia. Plant scientist Johan Sukweenadhi uses ‘hairy-root culture’ to improve ginseng yields at the University of Surabaya in Indonesia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brazil, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01693-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {264}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Speeding up ginseng growth to aid drug discovery}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complex water networks visualized by cryogenic electron microscopy of RNA. NATURE, 642(8066), 250-259. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The stability and function of biomolecules are directly influenced by their myriad interactions with water1–16. Here we investigated water through cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) on a highly solvated molecule: the Tetrahymena ribozyme. By using segmentation-guided water and ion modelling (SWIM)17,18, an approach combining resolvability and chemical parameters, we automatically modelled and cross-validated water molecules and Mg2+ ions in the ribozyme core, revealing the extensive involvement of water in mediating RNA non-canonical interactions. Unexpectedly, in regions where SWIM does not model ordered water, we observed highly similar densities in both cryo-EM maps. In many of these regions, the cryo-EM densities superimpose with complex water networks predicted by molecular dynamics, supporting their assignment as water and suggesting a biophysical explanation for their elusiveness to conventional atomic coordinate modelling. Our study demonstrates an approach to unveil both rigid and flexible waters that surround biomolecules through cryo-EM map densities, statistical and chemical metrics, and molecular dynamics simulations. Using cryogenic electron microscopy and a modelling approach, complex water networks in a ribozyme are visualized.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kretsch, Rachael C. and Li, Shanshan and Pintilie, Grigore and Palo, Michael Z. and Case, David A. and Das, Rhiju and Zhang, Kaiming and Chiu, Wah}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08855-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {250-259}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complex water networks visualized by cryogenic electron microscopy of RNA}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural basis of lipid transfer by a bridge-like lipid-transfer protein. NATURE, 642(8066), 242-249. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bridge-like lipid-transport proteins (BLTPs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that localize to membrane-contact sites and are thought to mediate the bulk transfer of lipids from a donor membrane, typically the endoplasmic reticulum, to an acceptor membrane, such as that of the cell or an organelle1. Although BLTPs are fundamentally important for a wide array of cellular functions, their architecture, composition and lipid-transfer mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here we present the subunit composition and the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the native LPD-3 BLTP complex isolated from transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. LPD-3 folds into an elongated, rod-shaped tunnel of which the interior is filled with ordered lipid molecules that are coordinated by a track of ionizable residues that line one side of the tunnel. LPD-3 forms a complex with two previously uncharacterized proteins, one of which we have named Spigot and the other of which remains unnamed. Spigot interacts with the N-terminal end of LPD-3 where lipids are expected to enter the tunnel, and experiments in multiple model systems indicate that Spigot has a conserved role in BLTP function. Our LPD-3 complex structural data reveal protein–lipid interactions that suggest a model for how the native LPD-3 complex mediates bulk lipid transport and provides a foundation for mechanistic studies of BLTPs. The LPD-3 complex structure reveals protein–lipid interactions that suggest a model for how the native LPD-3 complex mediates bulk lipid transport and provides a foundation for mechanistic studies of bridge-like lipid-transport proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kang, Yunsik and Lehmann, Katherine S. and Long, Hannah and Jefferson, Amanda and Purice, Maria and Freeman, Marc and Clark, Sarah}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08918-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {242-249}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural basis of lipid transfer by a bridge-like lipid-transfer protein}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting the SHOC2–RAS interaction in RAS-mutant cancers. NATURE, 642(8066), 232-241. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Activating mutations in the rat sarcoma (RAS) genes HRAS, NRAS and KRAS collectively represent the most frequent oncogenic driver in human cancer1. They have previously been considered undruggable, but advances in the past few years have led to the clinical development of agents that target KRAS(G12C) and KRAS(G12D) mutants, yielding promises of therapeutic responses at tolerated doses2. However, clinical agents that selectively target NRAS(Q61*) mutants (* represents ‘any’), the second-most-frequent oncogenic driver in melanoma, are still lacking. Here we identify SHOC2, a component of the SHOC2–MRAS–PP1C complex, as a dependency of RAS(Q61*) tumours in a nucleotide-state-dependent and isoform-agnostic manner. Mechanistically, we found that oncogenic NRAS(Q61R) forms a direct interaction with SHOC2, evidenced by X-ray co-crystal structure. In vitro high-throughput screening enabled the discovery of small molecules that bind to SHOC2 and disrupt the interaction with NRAS(Q61*). Structure-based optimization led to a cellularly active tool compound that shows inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and proliferation in RAS-mutant cancer models, most notably in NRAS(Q61*) settings. These findings provide evidence for a neomorph SHOC2–(canonical)RAS protein interaction that is pharmacologically actionable and relevant to cancer sustenance. Overall, this work provides the concept validation and foundation for developing new therapies at the core of the RAS signalling pathway. A study of dependencies associated with cancer-causing mutations has identified a small molecule that binds to SHOC2 and inhibits RAS signalling in cells carrying NRAS Q61 mutations, a common oncogenic driver in melanoma.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hauseman, Zachary J. and Stauffer, Frédéric and Beyer, Kim S. and Mollé, Sandra and Cavicchioli, Elena and Marchand, Jean-Remy and Fodor, Michelle and Viscomi, Jessica and Dhembi, Anxhela and Katz, Stéphanie and Faggion, Beatrice and Lanter, Mylene and Kerr, Grainne and Schildknecht, Daniela and Handl, Cornelia and Maddalo, Danilo and Pissot Soldermann, Carole and Brady, Jacob and Shrestha, Om and Nguyen, Zachary and Leder, Lukas and Cremosnik, Gregor and Lopez Romero, Sandra and Hassiepen, Ulrich and Stams, Travis and Linder, Markus and Galli, Giorgio G. and Guthy, Daniel A. and King, Daniel A. and Maira, Sauveur-Michel and Thoma, Claudio R. and Ehmke, Veronika and Tordella, Luca}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08931-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {232-241}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting the SHOC2–RAS interaction in RAS-mutant cancers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics. NATURE, 642(8066), 222-231. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human cells consist of a complex hierarchy of components, many of which remain unexplored1,2. Here we construct a global map of human subcellular architecture through joint measurement of biophysical interactions and immunofluorescence images for over 5,100 proteins in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Self-supervised multimodal data integration resolves 275 molecular assemblies spanning the range of 10−8 to 10−5 m, which we validate systematically using whole-cell size-exclusion chromatography and annotate using large language models3. We explore key applications in structural biology, yielding structures for 111 heterodimeric complexes and an expanded Rag–Ragulator assembly. The map assigns unexpected functions to 975 proteins, including roles for C18orf21 in RNA processing and DPP9 in interferon signalling, and identifies assemblies with multiple localizations or cell type specificity. It decodes paediatric cancer genomes4, identifying 21 recurrently mutated assemblies and implicating 102 validated new cancer proteins. The associated Cell Visualization Portal and Mapping Toolkit provide a reference platform for structural and functional cell biology. A global map of human subcellular architecture yields protein complex structures, reveals protein functions, identifies assemblies with multiple localizations or cell-type specificity and decodes paediatric cancer genomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schaffer, Leah V. and Hu, Mengzhou and Qian, Gege and Moon, Kyung-Mee and Pal, Abantika and Soni, Neelesh and Latham, Andrew P. and Pontano Vaites, Laura and Tsai, Dorothy and Mattson, Nicole M. and Licon, Katherine and Bachelder, Robin and Cesnik, Anthony and Gaur, Ishan and Le, Trang and Leineweber, William and Palar, Aji and Pulido, Ernst and Qin, Yue and Zhao, Xiaoyu and Churas, Christopher and Lenkiewicz, Joanna and Chen, Jing and Ono, Keiichiro and Pratt, Dexter and Zage, Peter and Echeverria, Ignacia and Sali, Andrej and Harper, J. Wade and Gygi, Steven P. and Foster, Leonard J. and Huttlin, Edward L. and Lundberg, Emma and Ideker, Trey}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08878-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {222-231}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial mapping of transcriptomic plasticity in metastatic pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 642(8066), 212-221. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Patients with treatment-refractory pancreatic cancer often succumb to systemic metastases1–3; however, the transcriptomic heterogeneity that underlies therapeutic recalcitrance remains understudied, particularly in a spatial context. Here we construct high-resolution maps of lineage states, clonal architecture and the tumour microenvironment (TME) using spatially resolved transcriptomics from 55 samples of primary tumour and metastases (liver, lung and peritoneum) collected from rapid autopsies of 13 people. We observe discernible transcriptomic shifts in cancer-cell lineage states as tumours transition from primary sites to organ-specific metastases, with the most pronounced intra-patient distinctions between liver and lung. Phylogenetic trees constructed from inferred copy number variations in primary and metastatic loci in each patient highlight diverse patient-specific evolutionary trajectories and clonal dissemination. We show that multiple tumour lineage states co-exist in each tissue, including concurrent metastatic foci in the same organ. Agnostic to tissue site, lineage states correlate with distinct TME features, such as the spatial proximity of TGFB1-expressing myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAFs) to aggressive ‘basal-like’ cancer cells, but not to cells in the ‘classical’ or ‘intermediate’ states. These findings were validated through orthogonal and cross-species analyses using mouse tissues and patient-derived organoids. Notably, basal-like cancer cells aligned with myCAFs correlate with plasma-cell exclusion from the tumour milieu, and neighbouring cell analyses suggest that CXCR4–CXCL12 signalling is the underlying basis for observed immune exclusion. Collectively, our findings underscore the profound transcriptomic heterogeneity and microenvironmental dynamics that characterize treatment-refractory pancreatic cancer. Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of primary tumours and metastases from patients with pancreatic cancer provides insight into the evolutionary progression to metastasis, and the variation in clonal architecture within and between individuals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pei, Guangsheng and Min, Jimin and Rajapakshe, Kimal I. and Branchi, Vittorio and Liu, Yunhe and Selvanesan, Benson Chellakkan and Thege, Fredrik and Sadeghian, Dorsay and Zhang, Daiwei and Cho, Kyung Serk and Chu, Yanshuo and Dai, Enyu and Han, Guangchun and Li, Mingyao and Yee, Cassian and Takahashi, Kazuki and Garg, Bharti and Tiriac, Herve and Bernard, Vincent and Semaan, Alexander and Grem, Jean L. and Caffrey, Thomas C. and Burks, Jared K. and Lowy, Andrew M. and Aguirre, Andrew J. and Grandgenett, Paul M. and Hollingsworth, Michael A. and Guerrero, Paola A. and Wang, Linghua and Maitra, Anirban}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08927-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {212-221}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial mapping of transcriptomic plasticity in metastatic pancreatic cancer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbial metabolite drives ageing-related clonal haematopoiesis via ALPK1. NATURE, 642(8066), 201-211. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) involves the gradual expansion of mutant pre-leukaemic haematopoietic cells, which increases with age and confers a risk for multiple diseases, including leukaemia and immune-related conditions1. Although the absolute risk of leukaemic transformation in individuals with CHIP is very low, the strongest predictor of progression is the accumulation of mutant haematopoietic cells2. Despite the known associations between CHIP and increased all-cause mortality, our understanding of environmental and regulatory factors that underlie this process during ageing remains rudimentary. Here we show that intestinal alterations, which can occur with age, lead to systemic dissemination of a microbial metabolite that promotes pre-leukaemic cell expansion. Specifically, ADP-d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose), a biosynthetic bi-product specific to Gram-negative bacteria3–5, is uniquely found in the circulation of older individuals and favours the expansion of pre-leukaemic cells. ADP-heptose is also associated with increased inflammation and cardiovascular risk in CHIP. Mechanistically, ADP-heptose binds to its receptor, ALPK1, triggering transcriptional reprogramming and NF-κB activation that endows pre-leukaemic cells with a competitive advantage due to excessive clonal proliferation. Collectively, we identify that the accumulation of ADP-heptose represents a direct link between ageing and expansion of rare pre-leukaemic cells, suggesting that the ADP-heptose–ALPK1 axis is a promising therapeutic target to prevent progression of CHIP to overt leukaemia and immune-related conditions. ADP-heptose binds to ALPK1, triggering transcriptional reprogramming and NF-κB activation, endowing pre-leukaemic cells with a competitive advantage due to excessive clonal proliferation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Agarwal, Puneet and Sampson, Avery and Hueneman, Kathleen and Choi, Kwangmin and Jakobsen, Niels Asger and Uible, Emma and Ishikawa, Chiharu and Yeung, Jennifer and Bolanos, Lyndsey and Zhao, Xueheng and Setchell, Kenneth D. and Haslam, David B. and Galloway-Pena, Jessica and Byrd, John C. and Vyas, Paresh and Starczynowski, Daniel T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08938-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {201-211}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbial metabolite drives ageing-related clonal haematopoiesis via ALPK1}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genome-wide CRISPR screen in human t cells reveals regulators of FOXP3. NATURE, 642(8066), 191-200. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the master transcription factor FOXP3, have a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance and homeostasis and have the potential to revolutionize cell therapies for autoimmune diseases1–3. Although stimulation of naive CD4+ T cells in the presence of TGFβ and IL-2 can induce FOXP3+ Treg cells in vitro (iTreg cells), the resulting cells are often unstable and have thus far hampered translational efforts4–6. A systematic approach towards understanding the regulatory networks that dictate Treg differentiation could lead to more effective iTreg cell-based therapies. Here we performed a genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screen to catalogue gene regulatory determinants of FOXP3 induction in primary human T cells and characterized their effects at single-cell resolution using Perturb-icCITE-seq. We identify the RBPJ–NCOR repressor complex as a novel, context-specific negative regulator of FOXP3 expression. RBPJ-targeted knockout enhanced iTreg differentiation and function, independent of canonical Notch signalling. Repeated cytokine and T cell receptor signalling stimulation in vitro revealed that RBPJ-deficient iTreg cells exhibit increased phenotypic stability compared with control cells through DNA demethylation of the FOXP3 enhancer CNS2, reinforcing FOXP3 expression. Conversely, overexpression of RBPJ potently suppressed FOXP3 induction through direct modulation of FOXP3 histone acetylation by HDAC3. Finally, RBPJ-ablated human iTreg cells more effectively suppressed xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease than control iTreg cells in a humanized mouse model. Together, our findings reveal novel regulators of FOXP3 and point towards new avenues to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for autoimmune disease. The RBPJ–NCOR repressor complex is identified as a negative regulator of FOXP3 expression through modulation of histone acetylation in induced regulatory T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Kelvin Y. and Kibayashi, Tatsuya and Giguelay, Ambre and Hata, Mayu and Nakajima, Shunsuke and Mikami, Norihisa and Takeshima, Yusuke and Ichiyama, Kenji and Omiya, Ryusuke and Ludwig, Leif S. and Hattori, Kunihiro and Sakaguchi, Shimon}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08795-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {191-200}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genome-wide CRISPR screen in human t cells reveals regulators of FOXP3}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genomic determinants of antigen expression hierarchy in african trypanosomes. NATURE, 642(8066), 182-190. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Antigenic variation is an immune evasion strategy used by many different pathogens. It involves the periodic, non-random switch in the expression of different antigens throughout an infection. How the observed hierarchy in antigen expression is achieved has remained a mystery1,2. A key challenge in uncovering this process has been the inability to track transcriptome changes and potential genomic rearrangements in individual cells during a switch event. Here we report the establishment of a highly sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing approach for the model protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. This approach has revealed genomic rearrangements that occur in individual cells during a switch event. Our data show that following a double-strand break in the transcribed antigen-coding gene—an important trigger for antigen switching—the type of repair mechanism and the resultant antigen expression depend on the availability of a homologous repair template in the genome. When such a template was available, repair proceeded through segmental gene conversion, creating new, mosaic antigen-coding genes. Conversely, in the absence of a suitable template, a telomere-adjacent antigen-coding gene from a different part of the genome was activated by break-induced replication. Our results show the critical role of repair sequence availability in the antigen selection mechanism. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the power of highly sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing methods in detecting genomic rearrangements that drive transcriptional changes at the single-cell level. A highly sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing approach reveals genomic features controlling the order of antigen activation in the model protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Keneskhanova, Zhibek and McWilliam, Kirsty R. and Cosentino, Raúl O. and Barcons-Simon, Anna and Dobrynin, Atai and Smith, Jaclyn E. and Subota, Ines and Mugnier, Monica R. and Colomé-Tatché, Maria and Siegel, T. Nicolai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08720-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {182-190}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genomic determinants of antigen expression hierarchy in african trypanosomes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Automated loss of pulse detection on a consumer smartwatch. NATURE, 642(8066), 174-181. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a time-sensitive emergency that requires prompt identification and intervention: sudden, unwitnessed cardiac arrest is nearly unsurvivable1–3. A cardinal sign of cardiac arrest is sudden loss of pulse4. Automated biosensor detection of unwitnessed cardiac arrest, and dispatch of medical assistance, may improve survivability given the substantial prognostic role of time3,5, but only if the false-positive burden on public emergency medical systems is minimized5–7. Here we show that a multimodal, machine learning-based algorithm on a smartwatch can reach performance thresholds making it deployable at a societal scale. First, using photoplethysmography, we show that wearable photoplethysmography measurements of peripheral pulselessness (induced through an arterial occlusion model) manifest similarly to pulselessness caused by a common cardiac arrest arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation. On the basis of the similarity of the photoplethysmography signal (from ventricular fibrillation or arterial occlusion), we developed and validated a loss of pulse detection algorithm using data from peripheral pulselessness and free-living conditions. Following its development, we evaluated the end-to-end algorithm prospectively: there was 1 unintentional emergency call per 21.67 user-years across two prospective studies; the sensitivity was 67.23% (95% confidence interval of 64.32% to 70.05%) in a prospective arterial occlusion cardiac arrest simulation model. These results indicate an opportunity, deployable at scale, for wearable-based detection of sudden loss of pulse while minimizing societal costs of excess false detections7. A study reports the development and validation of a wrist-worn, consumer wearable-based system that identifies sudden loss of pulse events with a performance profile suitable for societal-scale use.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shah, Kamal and Wang, Anran and Chen, Yiwen and Munjal, Jitender and Chhabra, Sumeet and Stange, Anthony and Wei, Enxun and Phan, Tuan and Giest, Tracy and Hawkins, Beszel and Puppala, Dinesh and Silver, Elsina and Cai, Lawrence and Rajagopalan, Shruti and Shi, Edward and Lee, Yun-Ling and Wimmer, Matt and Rudrapatna, Pramod and Rea, Thomas and Yuen, Shelten and Pathak, Anupam and Patel, Shwetak and Malhotra, Mark and Stogaitis, Marc and Phan, Jeanie and Patel, Bakul and Vasquez, Adam and Fox, Christina and Connell, Alistair and Taylor, Jim and Shreibati, Jacqueline and Miller, David and McDuff, Daniel and Kohli, Pushmeet and Gadh, Tajinder and Sunshine, Jake}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08810-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {174-181}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Automated loss of pulse detection on a consumer smartwatch}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The P-loop NTPase RUVBL2 is a conserved clock component across eukaryotes. NATURE, 642(8066), 165-173. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The eukaryotic circadian clock keeps time by using a transcription–translation feedback loop, which exhibits an architecture that is conserved across a diverse range of organisms, including fungi, plants and animals1. Despite their mechanistic similarity, the molecular components of these clocks indicate a lack of common ancestry2. Our study reveals that RUVBL2, which is a P-loop NTPase enzyme previously shown to affect circadian phase and amplitude as part of mammalian clock super-complexes, influences the circadian period through its remarkably slow ATPase activity, resembling the well-characterized KaiC-based clock in cyanobacteria. A screen of RUVBL2 variants identified arrhythmic, short-period and long-period mutants that altered circadian locomotor activity rhythms following delivery by adeno-associated virus to the murine suprachiasmatic nucleus. Enzymatic assays showed that wild-type RUVBL2 hydrolyses only around 13 ATP molecules a day, a vastly reduced turnover compared with typical ATPases. Notably, physical interactions between RUVBL2 orthologues and core clock proteins in humans, Drosophila and the fungus Neurospora, along with consistent circadian phenotypes of RUVBL2-mutant orthologues across species, reinforce their clock-related function in eukaryotes. Thus, as well as establishing RUVBL2 as a common core component in eukaryotic clocks, our study supports the idea that slow ATPase activity, initially discovered in cyanobacteria, is a shared feature of eukaryotic clocks. A study finds that RUVBL2 is a conserved component of eukaryotic circadian clocks and suggests that slow ATPase activity, which was initially discovered in cyanobacteria, is a shared feature of eukaryotic clocks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liao, Meimei and Liu, Yanqin and Xu, Zhancong and Fang, Mingxu and Yu, Ziqing and Cui, Yufan and Sun, Zhengda and Huo, Ran and Yang, Jieyu and Huang, Fusheng and Liu, Mingming and Zhou, Qin and Song, Xiaocui and Han, Hui and Chen, She and Xu, Xiaodong and Qin, Ximing and He, Qun and Ju, Dapeng and Wang, Tao and Thakkar, Nirav and Hardin, Paul E. and Golden, Susan S. and Zhang, Eric Erquan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08797-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {165-173}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The P-loop NTPase RUVBL2 is a conserved clock component across eukaryotes}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Serotonin and neurotensin inputs in the vCA1 dictate opposing social valence. NATURE, 642(8066), 154-164. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability to evaluate valence of a social agent based on social experience is essential for an animal’s survival in its social group1. Although hippocampal circuits have been implicated in distinguishing novel and familiar conspecifics2–7, it remains unclear how social valence is constructed on the basis of social history and what mechanisms underlie the heightened valence versatility in dynamic relationships. Here we demonstrate that the ventral (v)CA1 integrates serotonin (5-HT) inputs from the dorsal raphe and neurotensin inputs from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) to determine positive or negative valence of conspecific representations. Specifically, during an appetitive social interaction 5-HT is released into the vCA1 and disinhibits pyramidal neurons through 5-HT1B receptors, whereas neurotensin is released during an aversive social interaction and potentiates vCA1 neurons directly through NTR1s. Optogenetic silencing of dorsal raphe 5-HT and PVT neurotensin inputs into the vCA1 impairs positive and negative social valence, respectively, and excitation flexibly switches valence assignment. These results show how aversive and rewarding social experiences are linked to conspecific identity through converging dorsal raphe 5-HT and PVT neurotensin signals in the vCA1 that instruct opposing valence, and represent a synaptic switch for flexible social valence computation. Aversive and rewarding social experiences are linked to conspecific identity through converging dorsal raphe 5-HT and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus neurotensin signals in the vCA1 that instruct opposing valence, representing a synaptic switch for flexible social valence computation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zorab, Julia M. and Li, Huanhuan and Awasthi, Richa and Schinasi, Anna and Cho, Yoonjeong and O’Loughlin, Thomas and Wu, Xiaoting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08809-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {154-164}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Serotonin and neurotensin inputs in the vCA1 dictate opposing social valence}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human assembloid model of the ascending neural sensory pathway. NATURE, 642(8066), 143-153. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Somatosensory pathways convey crucial information about pain, touch, itch and body part movement from peripheral organs to the central nervous system1,2. Despite substantial needs to understand how these pathways assemble and to develop pain therapeutics, clinical translation remains challenging. This is probably related to species-specific features and the lack of in vitro models of the polysynaptic pathway. Here we established a human ascending somatosensory assembloid (hASA), a four-part assembloid generated from human pluripotent stem cells that integrates somatosensory, spinal, thalamic and cortical organoids to model the spinothalamic pathway. Transcriptomic profiling confirmed the presence of key cell types of this circuit. Rabies tracing and calcium imaging showed that sensory neurons connect to dorsal spinal cord neurons, which further connect to thalamic neurons. Following noxious chemical stimulation, calcium imaging of hASA demonstrated a coordinated response. In addition, extracellular recordings and imaging revealed synchronized activity across the assembloid. Notably, loss of the sodium channel NaV1.7, which causes pain insensitivity, disrupted synchrony across hASA. By contrast, a gain-of-function SCN9A variant associated with extreme pain disorder induced hypersynchrony. These experiments demonstrated the ability to functionally assemble the essential components of the human sensory pathway, which could accelerate our understanding of sensory circuits and facilitate therapeutic development. A human ascending somatosensory assembloid model was developed, which integrates multiple organoids to simulate the spinothalamic pathway, demonstrating functional connectivity and responsiveness to stimuli and revealing insights into pain-related genetic mutations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Ji-il and Imaizumi, Kent and Jurjuț, Ovidiu and Kelley, Kevin W. and Wang, Dong and Thete, Mayuri Vijay and Hudacova, Zuzana and Amin, Neal D. and Levy, Rebecca J. and Scherrer, Grégory and Pașca, Sergiu P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08808-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {143-153}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human assembloid model of the ascending neural sensory pathway}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness. NATURE, 642(8066), 133-142. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, but have not been directly compared3. Here we present an open science adversarial collaboration directly juxtaposing integrated information theory (IIT)4,5 and global neuronal workspace theory (GNWT)6–10 via a theory-neutral consortium11–13. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes and interpretation thereof12. Human participants (n = 256) viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography and intracranial electroencephalography. We found information about conscious content in visual, ventrotemporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results align with some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging key tenets of both theories. For IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within the posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in the prefrontal cortex. These challenges extend to other theories of consciousness that share some of the predictions tested here14–17. Beyond challenging the theories, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through principled, theory-driven, collaborative research and highlight the need for a quantitative framework for systematic theory testing and building. Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ferrante, Oscar and Gorska-Klimowska, Urszula and Henin, Simon and Hirschhorn, Rony and Khalaf, Aya and Lepauvre, Alex and Liu, Ling and Richter, David and Vidal, Yamil and Bonacchi, Niccolò and Brown, Tanya and Sripad, Praveen and Armendariz, Marcelo and Bendtz, Katarina and Ghafari, Tara and Hetenyi, Dorottya and Jeschke, Jay and Kozma, Csaba and Mazumder, David R. and Montenegro, Stephanie and Seedat, Alia and Sharafeldin, Abdelrahman and Yang, Shujun and Baillet, Sylvain and Chalmers, David J. and Cichy, Radoslaw M. and Fallon, Francis and Panagiotaropoulos, Theofanis I. and Blumenfeld, Hal and de Lange, Floris P. and Devore, Sasha and Jensen, Ole and Kreiman, Gabriel and Luo, Huan and Boly, Melanie and Dehaene, Stanislas and Koch, Christof and Tononi, Giulio and Pitts, Michael and Mudrik, Liad and Melloni, Lucia}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {133-142}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Picuris pueblo oral history and genomics reveal continuity in US southwest. NATURE, 642(8066), 125-132. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Indigenous groups often encounter significant challenges when asserting ancestral claims and cultural affiliations based on oral histories, particularly in the USA where such narratives have historically been undervalued. Although ancient DNA offers a tool to complement traditional knowledge and address gaps in oral history, longstanding disregard for Indigenous sovereignty and beliefs has understandably led many Indigenous communities to distrust DNA studies1–4. Earlier research often focused on repatriation claims5–7, whereas more recent work has increasingly moved towards enhancing Tribal histories8,9. Here we present a collaborative study initiated by a federally recognized Native American tribe, the sovereign nation of Picuris Pueblo in the Northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico, USA, to address gaps in traditional knowledge and further their understanding of their population history and ancestry. We generated genomes from 16 ancient Picuris individuals and 13 present-day members of Picuris Pueblo, providing genomic data spanning the last millennium. We show genetic continuity between ancient and present-day Picuris, and more broadly with Ancestral Puebloans from Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon10, 275 km to the west. This suggests a firm spatiotemporal link among these Puebloan populations of the North American Southwest. Furthermore, we see no evidence of population decline before European arrival11–13, and no Athabascan ancestry in individuals predating 1500 ce, challenging earlier migration hypotheses14–16. This work prioritizes Indigenous control of genetic data and brings together oral tradition, archaeology, ethnography and genetics. A collaborative study initiated by the sovereign nation of Picuris Pueblo in the Northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico addresses gaps in traditional knowledge and furthers understanding of their population history and ancestry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pinotti, Thomaz and Adler, Michael A. and Mermejo, Richard and Bitz-Thorsen, Julie and McColl, Hugh and Scorrano, Gabriele and Feizabadifarahani, Motahareh and Gandy, Devlin and Boulanger, Matthew and Gaunitz, Charleen and Stenderup, Jesper and Ramsøe, Abigail and Korneliussen, Thorfinn and Demeter, Fabrice and Santos, Fabrício R. and Vinner, Lasse and Sikora, Martin and Meltzer, David J. and Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor and Quanchello, Craig and Willerslev, Eske}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08791-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {125-132}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Picuris pueblo oral history and genomics reveal continuity in US southwest}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The origin of vertebrate teeth and evolution of sensory exoskeletons. NATURE, 642(8066), 119-124. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The earliest record of tooth antecedents and the tissue dentine1,2, an early-vertebrate novelty, has been controversially represented by fragmentary Cambrian fossils identified as Anatolepis heintzi3–5. Anatolepis exoskeletons have the characteristic tubules of dentine that prompted their interpretation as the first precursors of teeth3, known as odontodes. Debates over whether Anatolepis is a legitimate vertebrate6–8 have arisen because of limitations in imaging and the lack of comparative exoskeletal tissues. Here, to resolve this controversy and understand the origin of dental tissues, we synchrotron-scanned diverse extinct and extant vertebrate and invertebrate exoskeletons. We find that the tubules of Anatolepis have been misidentified as dentine tubules and instead represent aglaspidid arthropod sensory sensilla structures9,10. Synchrotron scanning reveals that deep ultrastructural similarities between odontodes and sensory structures also extend to definitive vertebrate tissues. External odontodes of the Ordovician vertebrate Eriptychius11–13 feature large dentine tubules1 that are morphologically convergent with invertebrate sensilla. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that the external odontodes of extant chondrichthyans and teleosts retain extensive innervation suggestive of a sensory function akin to teeth14–16. These patterns of convergence and innervation reveal that dentine evolved as a sensory tissue in the exoskeleton of early vertebrates, a function retained in modern vertebrate teeth16. Middle-Ordovician fossils now represent the oldest known evidence for vertebrate dental tissues. Re-examination of the presumed Cambrian fossil fish Anatolepis reveals previous misidentification of aglaspidid sensory structures as dentine, a vertebrate sensory tissue, showing it to be an arthropod, and shifting the origin of vertebrate hard tissues to the Middle Ordovician.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haridy, Yara and Norris, Sam C. P. and Fabbri, Matteo and Nanglu, Karma and Sharma, Neelima and Miller, James F. and Rivers, Mark and La Riviere, Patrick and Vargas, Phillip and Ortega-Hernández, Javier and Shubin, Neil H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08944-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {119-124}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The origin of vertebrate teeth and evolution of sensory exoskeletons}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-term impact and biological recovery in a deep-sea mining track. NATURE, 642(8066), 112-118. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining is in the exploration phase at present with some groups proposing a move towards extraction within years1. Management of this industry requires evidence of the long-term effects on deep-sea ecosystems2, but the ability of seafloor ecosystems to recover from impacts over decadal scales is poorly understood3. Here we show that, four decades after a test mining experiment that removed nodules, the biological impacts in many groups of organisms are persistent, although populations of several organisms, including sediment macrofauna, mobile deposit feeders and even large-sized sessile fauna, have begun to re-establish despite persistent physical changes at the seafloor. We also reveal that areas affected by plumes from this small-scale test have limited detectable residual sedimentation impacts with some biological assemblages similar in abundance compared to control areas after 44 years. Although some aspects of the modern collector design may cause reduced physical impact compared to this test mining experiment, our results show that mining impacts in the abyssal ocean will be persistent over at least decadal timeframes and communities will remain altered in directly disturbed areas, despite some recolonization. The long-term effects seen in our study provide critical data for effective management of mining activities, if they occur, including minimizing direct impacts and setting aside an effective network of protected areas4,5. Four decades after a test mining experiment that removed nodules, the biological impacts in many groups of organisms persist, although populations of several organisms have begun to re-establish despite persistent physical changes at the seafloor.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Daniel O. B. and Arias, Maria Belen and Van Audenhaege, Loïc and Blackbird, Sabena and Boolukos, Corie and Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe and Copley, Jonathan T. and Dale, Andrew and Evans, Susan and Fleming, Bethany F. M. and Gates, Andrew R. and Grant, Hannah and Hartl, Mark G. J. and Huvenne, Veerle A. I. and Jeffreys, Rachel M. and Josso, Pierre and King, Lucas D. and Simon-Lledó, Erik and Le Bas, Tim and Norman, Louisa and O’Malley, Bryan and Peacock, Thomas and Shimmield, Tracy and Stewart, Eva C. D. and Sweetman, Andrew K. and Wardell, Catherine and Aleynik, Dmitry and Glover, Adrian G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08921-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {112-118}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-term impact and biological recovery in a deep-sea mining track}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Old carbon routed from land to the atmosphere by global river systems. NATURE, 642(8066), 105-111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rivers and streams are an important pathway in the global carbon cycle, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from their water surfaces to the atmosphere1,2. Until now, CO2 and CH4 emitted from rivers were thought to be predominantly derived from recent (sub-decadal) biomass production and, thus, part of ecosystem respiration3–6. Here we combine new and published measurements to create a global database of the radiocarbon content of river dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), CO2 and CH4. Isotopic mass balance of our database suggests that 59 ± 17% of global river CO2 emissions are derived from old carbon (millennial or older), the release of which is linked to river catchment lithology and biome. This previously unrecognized release of old, pre-industrial-aged carbon to the atmosphere from long-term soil, sediment and geologic carbon stores through lateral hydrological routing equates to 1.2 ± 0.3 Pg C year−1, similar in magnitude to terrestrial net ecosystem exchange. A consequence of this flux is a greater than expected net loss of carbon from aged organic matter stores on land. This requires a reassessment of the fate of anthropogenic carbon in terrestrial systems and in global carbon cycle budgets and models. Using a global database of the radiocarbon content of rivers combining new and published measurements, isotopic mass balance suggests that about 60% of river CO2 emissions are derived from millennial or older carbon sources.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dean, Joshua F. and Coxon, Gemma and Zheng, Yanchen and Bishop, Jack and Garnett, Mark H. and Bastviken, David and Galy, Valier and Spencer, Robert G. M. and Tank, Suzanne E. and Tipper, Edward T. and Vonk, Jorien E. and Wallin, Marcus B. and Zhang, Liwei and Evans, Chris D. and Hilton, Robert G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09023-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {105-111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Old carbon routed from land to the atmosphere by global river systems}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dating the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis using la-ce geochronology. NATURE, 642(8066), 99-104. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There is ongoing debate as to when oxygenic photosynthesis evolved on Earth1,2. Geochemical data from ancient sediments indicate localized or ephemeral photosynthetic O2 production before the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) approximately 2.5–2.3 billion years ago (Ga), and currently suggest Archaean origins, approximately 3 Ga or earlier3–9. However, sedimentary records of the early Earth often suffer from preservation issues, and poor control on the timing of oxidation leaves geochemical proxy data for the ancient presence of O2 open to critique10–13. Here, we report rare Earth element data from three different Archaean carbonate platforms preserved in greenstone belts of the northwest Superior Craton (Canada), which were deposited by the activity of marine photosynthetic bacteria 2.87 Ga, 2.85 Ga and 2.78 Ga. All three indicate O2 production before the GOE in the form of significant depletions in cerium (Ce), reflecting oxidative Ce removal from ancient seawater, as occurs today14. Using 138La-138Ce geochronology, we show that La/Ce fractionation, and thus Ce oxidation, occurred at the time of deposition, making these the oldest directly dated Ce anomalies. These results place the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in the Mesoarchaean or earlier and bring an important new perspective on a long-standing debate regarding Earth’s biological and geochemical evolution. 138La-138Ce geochronology shows that La/Ce fractionation, and Ce oxidation, occurred at the time of deposition, placing the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in the Mesoarchaean or earlier.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Patry, Laureline A. and Bonnand, Pierre and Boyet, Maud and Afroz, Munira and Wilmeth, Dylan T. and Ramsay, Brittany and Nonnotte, Philippe and Homann, Martin and Sansjofre, Pierre and Fralick, Philip W. and Lalonde, Stefan V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09009-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {99-104}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dating the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis using la-ce geochronology}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). C-to-N atom swapping and skeletal editing in indoles and benzofurans. NATURE, 642(8066), 92-98. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Skeletal editing comprises the structural reorganization of compounds. Such editing can be achieved through atom swapping, atom insertion, atom deletion or reorganization of the compound’s backbone structure1,2. Conducted at a late stage in drug development campaigns, skeletal editing enables diversification of an existing pharmacophore, enhancing the efficiency of drug development. Instead of constructing a heteroarene classically from basic building blocks, structural variants are readily accessible directly starting from a lead compound or approved pharmacophore. Here we present C to N atom swapping in indoles at the C2 position to give indazoles through oxidative cleavage of the indole heteroarene core and subsequent ring closure. Reactions proceed through ring-opened oximes as intermediates. These ring deconstructed intermediates can also be diverted into benzimidazoles resulting in an overall C to N atom swapping with concomitant skeletal reorganization. The same structural diverting strategies are equally well applicable to benzofurans leading to either benzisoxazoles or benzoxazoles. The compound classes obtained through these methods—indazoles3,4, benzisoxazoles5, benzimidazoles6,7 and benzoxazoles8—are biologically relevant moieties found as substructures in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The procedures introduced substantially enlarge the methods portfolio in the emerging field of skeletal editing. C to N atom swapping in indoles is introduced that gives indazoles through oxidative cleavage of the indole heteroarene core and subsequent ring closure, adding another method to the field of skeletal editing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Zhe and Xu, Pengwei and Guo, Shu-Min and Daniliuc, Constantin G. and Studer, Armido}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09019-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {92-98}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {C-to-N atom swapping and skeletal editing in indoles and benzofurans}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stereoretentive radical cross-coupling. NATURE, 642(8066), 85-91. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Free radicals were first discovered more than 120 years ago by Gomberg1 and the first radical cross-couplings demonstrated by Kochi in the 1970s (ref. 2). In contrast to widely used polar cross-coupling chemistry to forge C(sp2)–C(sp2) bonds (such as Suzuki, Negishi and Kumada), radical cross-coupling is advantageous when applied to the coupling of saturated systems because of the mild conditions used and enhanced chemoselectivity associated with single-electron chemistry. The ability to use ubiquitous carbon-based fragments (such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, amines and olefins) in cross-coupling has greatly simplified access to various complex molecules3–9. Apart from these advantages, enantiospecific coupling reactions involving free radicals are unknown and generally believed to be challenging because of their near-instantaneous racemization (picosecond timescale)10. As a result, controlling the stereochemical outcome of radical cross-coupling can be achieved only on a case-by-case basis using bespoke chiral ligands11 or in a diastereoselective fashion guided by nearby stereocentres12. Here we show how readily accessible enantioenriched sulfonylhydrazides and low loadings of an inexpensive achiral Ni catalyst can be used to solve this challenge, thereby enabling enantiospecific, stereoretentive radical cross-coupling between enantioenriched alkyl fragments and (hetero)aryl halides without exogenous redox chemistry or chiral ligands. Calculations support the intermediacy of a unique Ni-bound diazene-containing transition state with C–C bond formation driven by loss of N2. Readily accessible enantioenriched sulfonylhydrazides and low loadings of an inexpensive achiral Ni catalyst can be used to control the stereochemical outcome of radical cross-coupling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Jiawei and He, Jiayan and Massaro, Luca and Cagan, David A. and Tsien, Jet and Wang, Yu and Attard, Flynn C. and Smith, Jillian E. and Lee, Jason S. and Kawamata, Yu and Baran, Phil S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09011-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {85-91}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stereoretentive radical cross-coupling}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A Nd@C82–polymer interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. NATURE, 642(8066), 78-84. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An important challenge in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the simultaneous attainment of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability. Using polymer interfaces in PSCs can enhance durability by blocking water and oxygen and by suppressing ion interdiffusion, but their electronic shielding poses a challenge for efficient and stable PSCs1–3. Here we report a magnetic endohedral metallofullerene Nd@C82–polymer coupling layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, thereby promoting homogeneous electron extraction and suppressing ion interdiffusion. The Nd@C82–polymer coupling layer in PSCs exhibited a PCE of 26.78% (certified 26.29%) and 23.08% with an aperture area of 0.08 cm2 and 16 cm2 (modules), respectively. The unencapsulated devices retained about 82% of the initial PCE after 2,500 h of continuous 1-sun maximum power point operation at 65 °C. An endohedral metallofullerene–polymer layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Yuexin and Lin, Zhichao and Lv, Shili and Shui, Yuan and Zhu, Wenjing and Zhang, Zuhong and Yang, Wenhan and Zhao, Jinbo and Gu, Hao and Xia, Junmin and Wang, Danning and Du, Fenqi and Zhu, Annan and Liu, Jin and Cai, Hairui and Wang, Bin and Zhang, Nan and Wang, Haibin and Liu, Xiaolong and Liu, Tao and Kong, Chuncai and Zhou, Di and Chen, Shi and Yang, Zhimao and Li, Tao and Ma, Wei and Fang, Guojia and Echegoyen, Luis and Xing, Guichuan and Yang, Shengchun and Yang, Tao and Cai, Wenting and Li, Meng and Huang, Wei and Liang, Chao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08961-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {78-84}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A Nd@C82–polymer interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unconventional solitonic high-temperature superfluorescence from perovskites. NATURE, 642(8066), 71-77. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast thermal dephasing limits macroscopic quantum phenomena to cryogenic conditions1–4 and hinders their use at ambient temperatures5,6. For electronic excitations in condensed media, dephasing is mediated by thermal lattice motion1,7,8. Therefore, taming the lattice influence is essential for creating collective electronic quantum states at high temperatures. Although there are occasional reports of high-Tc quantum effects across different platforms, it is unclear which lattice characteristics and electron–lattice interactions lead to macroscopically coherent electronic states in solids9. Here we studied intensity fluctuations in the macroscopic polarization during the emergence of superfluorescence in a lead halide perovskite10 and showed that spontaneously synchronized polaronic lattice oscillations accompany collective electronic dipole emission. We further developed an effective field model and theoretically confirmed that exciton–lattice interactions lead to a new electronically and structurally entangled coherent extended solitonic state beyond a critical polaron density. The analysis shows a phase transition with two processes happening in tandem: incoherent disordered polaronic lattice deformations establish an order, while macroscopic quantum coherence among excitons simultaneously emerges. Recombination of excitons in this state culminates in superfluorescence at high temperatures. Our study establishes fundamental connections between the transient superfluorescence process observed after the impulsive excitation of perovskites and general equilibrium phase transitions achieved by thermal cooling. By identifying various electron–lattice interactions in the perovskite structure and their respective role in creating collectively coherent electronic effects in solids, our work provides unprecedented insight into the design and development of new materials that exhibit high-temperature macroscopic quantum phenomena. Exciton–lattice interactions suppress thermal noise through vibration isolation, enabling unconventional solitonic superfluorescence at unusually high temperatures in lead halide perovskites.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biliroglu, Melike and Türe, Mustafa and Ghita, Antonia and Kotyrov, Myratgeldi and Qin, Xixi and Seyitliyev, Dovletgeldi and Phonthiptokun, Natchanun and Abdelsamei, Malek and Chai, Jingshan and Su, Rui and Herath, Uthpala and Swan, Anna K. and Temnov, Vasily V. and Blum, Volker and So, Franky and Gundogdu, Kenan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09030-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {71-77}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unconventional solitonic high-temperature superfluorescence from perovskites}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrical switching of a p-wave magnet. NATURE, 642(8066), 64-70. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnetic states with zero magnetization but non-relativistic spin splitting are outstanding candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices. Their electronvolt (eV)-scale spin splitting, ultrafast spin dynamics and nearly vanishing stray fields make them particularly promising for several applications1,2. A variety of such magnetic states with non-trivial spin textures have been identified recently, including even-parity d-wave, g-wave or i-wave altermagnets and odd-parity p-wave magnets3–7. Achieving voltage-based control of the non-uniform spin polarization of these magnetic states is of great interest for realizing energy-efficient and compact devices for information storage and processing8,9. Spin-spiral type II multiferroics are optimal candidates for such voltage-based control, as they exhibit an inversion-symmetry-breaking magnetic order that directly induces ferroelectric polarization, allowing for symmetry-protected cross-control between spin chirality and polar order10–14. Here we combine photocurrent measurements, first-principles calculations and group-theory analysis to provide direct evidence that the spin polarization of the spin-spiral type II multiferroic NiI2 exhibits odd-parity character connected to the spiral chirality. The symmetry-protected coupling between chirality and polar order enables electrical control of a primarily non-relativistic spin polarization. Our findings represent an observation of p-wave magnetism in a spin-spiral type II multiferroic, which may lead to the development of voltage-based switching of non-relativistic spin polarization in compensated magnets. Experimental observations and theoretical analysis provide evidence that the spin polarization of the spin-spiral type II multiferroic NiI2 exhibits p-wave magnetism and its spin chirality is related to ferroelectric polarization, which can be electrically controlled. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Qian and Stavrić, Srdjan and Barone, Paolo and Droghetti, Andrea and Antonenko, Daniil S. and Venderbos, Jörn W. F. and Occhialini, Connor A. and Ilyas, Batyr and Ergeçen, Emre and Gedik, Nuh and Cheong, Sang-Wook and Fernandes, Rafael M. and Picozzi, Silvia and Comin, Riccardo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09034-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {64-70}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrical switching of a p-wave magnet}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bulk superconductivity near 40 k in hole-doped SmNiO2 at ambient pressure. NATURE, 642(8066), 58-63. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O system (the cuprate) in the 30 K range marked a significant breakthrough, which inspired extensive exploration of oxide-based, layered superconductors to identify electron pairing with higher critical temperatures (Tc)1. Despite recent observations of superconductivity in nickel oxide-based compounds (the nickelates), evidence of Cooper pairing above 30 K in a system that is isostructural to the cuprates, but without copper, at ambient pressure and without lattice compression has remained elusive2–5. Here we report superconductivity with a Tc approaching 40 K under ambient pressure in d9−x hole-doped, late rare earth, infinite-layer nickel oxide (Sm-Eu-Ca-Sr)NiO2 thin films with negligible lattice compression, supported by observations of a zero-resistance state at 31 K and the Meissner effect. The material can be synthesized with essentially no Ruddlesden–Popper-type structural defects, exhibiting ultralow resistivity of approximately 0.01 mΩ cm, and with a residual resistivity ratio of up to 10. Our findings demonstrate the potential for achieving high-temperature superconductivity using strongly correlated d-electron metal oxides beyond copper as the building blocks for superconductivity, and offering a promising platform for further exploration and understanding of high-temperature Cooper pairing. Superconductivity at temperatures approaching 40 K for a hole-doped nickel oxide that is isostructural with cuprate superconductors demonstrates the existence of a broader family of materials and potential for achieving higher-temperature superconductivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chow, S. Lin Er and Luo, Zhaoyang and Ariando, A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08893-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {58-63}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bulk superconductivity near 40 k in hole-doped SmNiO2 at ambient pressure}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observing anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas. NATURE, 642(8066), 53-57. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Anyons1,2 are low-dimensional quasiparticles that obey fractional statistics, hence interpolating between bosons and fermions. In two dimensions, they exist as elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall states3–5 and are believed to enable topological quantum computing6,7. One-dimensional anyons have been theoretically proposed, but their experimental realization has proven to be difficult. Here we observed emergent anyonic correlations in a one-dimensional strongly interacting quantum gas, resulting from the phenomenon of spin–charge separation8–10. A mobile impurity provides the necessary spin degree of freedom to engineer anyonic correlations in the charge sector and simultaneously acts as a probe to reveal these correlations. Starting with bosons, we tune the statistical phase to transmute bosons through anyons to fermions and observe an asymmetric momentum distribution11–14, a hallmark of anyonic correlations. Going beyond equilibrium conditions, we observed dynamical fermionization of the anyons15. This study opens the door to the exploration of non-equilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting15–17. Emergent anyonic correlations via spin–charge separation are observed in a one-dimensional strongly interacting quantum gas, enabling the exploration of non-equilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dhar, Sudipta and Wang, Botao and Horvath, Milena and Vashisht, Amit and Zeng, Yi and Zvonarev, Mikhail B. and Goldman, Nathan and Guo, Yanliang and Landini, Manuele and Nägerl, Hanns-Christoph}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09016-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {53-57}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observing anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unexpected clustering pattern in dwarf galaxies challenges formation models. NATURE, 642(8066), 47-52. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The galaxy correlation function serves as a fundamental tool for studying cosmology, galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter. It is well established that more massive, redder and more compact galaxies tend to have stronger clustering in space1,2. These results can be understood in terms of galaxy formation in cold dark matter (CDM) halos of different mass and assembly history. Here we report an unexpectedly strong large-scale clustering for isolated, diffuse and blue dwarf galaxies, comparable to that seen for massive galaxy groups but much stronger than that expected from their halo mass. Our analysis indicates that the strong clustering aligns with the halo assembly bias seen in simulations3 with the standard ΛCDM cosmology only if more diffuse dwarfs formed in low-mass halos of older ages. This pattern is not reproduced by existing models of galaxy evolution in a ΛCDM framework4–6, and our finding provides clues for the search of more viable models. Our results can be explained well by assuming self-interacting dark matter7, suggesting that such a scenario should be considered seriously. Unexpected large-scale clustering of isolated, diffuse and blue dwarf galaxies, comparable to that seen for massive galaxy groups, challenges current models of cosmology and galaxy evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Ziwen and Chen, Yangyao and Rong, Yu and Wang, Huiyuan and Mo, Houjun and Luo, Xiong and Li, Hao}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08965-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {47-52}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unexpected clustering pattern in dwarf galaxies challenges formation models}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Blocking a key node in cancer signalling unlocks therapeutic potential. NATURE, 642(8066), 44-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mutations in RAS enzymes commonly drive cancer. Targeting an overlooked protein complex that works with RAS offers a fresh avenue to cancer therapy. Mutations in RAS enzymes commonly drive cancer. Targeting an overlooked protein complex that works with RAS offers a fresh avenue to cancer therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lavoie, Hugo and Therrien, Marc}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01136-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {44-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Blocking a key node in cancer signalling unlocks therapeutic potential}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The evolutionary origin of sensitive dental structures. NATURE, 642(8066), 42-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fossil data shed light on a debate about when vertebrate dental tissues arose by assigning an early sensory structure to arthropods rather than to vertebrates. Fossil data shed light on a debate about when vertebrate dental tissues arose by assigning an early sensory structure to arthropods rather than to vertebrates.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Houée, Guillaume and Janvier, Philippe}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01139-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {42-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The evolutionary origin of sensitive dental structures}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient carbon released through modern rivers. NATURE, 642(8066), 41-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A global analysis reveals that most carbon dioxide emitted by rivers derives not from modern plant material, as was thought, but from ancient, buried carbon. A global analysis reveals that most carbon dioxide emitted by rivers derives not from modern plant material, as was thought, but from ancient, buried carbon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Li}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01452-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {41-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient carbon released through modern rivers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Underwater kelp forests are losing a turf war. NATURE, 642(8066), 40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In warming coastal seas, a crucial ecosystem is being replaced by ‘turfs’ of red algae, which release chemicals that suppress kelp survival. In warming coastal seas, a crucial ecosystem is being replaced by ‘turfs’ of red algae, which release chemicals that suppress kelp survival.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01692-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Underwater kelp forests are losing a turf war}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbial molecule of ageing gut nudges blood stem cells towards cancer. NATURE, 642(8066), 39-41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The risk of developing blood cancer increases with age. The finding that a molecule from gut bacteria plays a part points to new ways to intervene. The risk of developing blood cancer increases with age. The finding that a molecule from gut bacteria plays a part points to new ways to intervene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jann, Johann-Christoph and Tothova, Zuzana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01137-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {39-41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbial molecule of ageing gut nudges blood stem cells towards cancer}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trade wars could affect food security in low-income nations. NATURE, 642(8066), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Huijie and Si, Bingcheng and Gobezie, Tegbaru and Biswas, Asim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01729-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trade wars could affect food security in low-income nations}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Address the psychological toll of kidney disease. NATURE, 642(8066), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Rongkang and Peng, Lei and Zhang, Shaohua and Wu, Song}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01730-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Address the psychological toll of kidney disease}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). European union’s strict conservation targets should guide global marine policy. NATURE, 642(8066), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Horta e Costa, Barbara and Stephenson, Fabrice and Claudet, Joachim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01731-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {European union’s strict conservation targets should guide global marine policy}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why we should protect the high seas from all extraction, forever. NATURE, 642(8066), 34-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Exploitation of the high seas risks doing irreversible damage to biodiversity, climate stability and ocean equity. A consensus must be built now to save them. Exploitation of the high seas risks doing irreversible damage to biodiversity, climate stability and ocean equity. A consensus must be built now to save them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Roberts, Callum M. and Dyer, Emilia and Earle, Sylvia A. and Forrest, Andrew and Hawkins, Julie P. and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and Meeuwig, Jessica J. and Pauly, Daniel and Pimm, Stuart L. and Sumaila, U. Rashid and Rockström, Johan and Lynas, Mark}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01665-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {34-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why we should protect the high seas from all extraction, forever}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to keep astronauts healthy in deep space. NATURE, 642(8066), 31-33. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Artemis programme and others aim to send humans to the Moon and, eventually, to Mars. Innovations in health care that support the mission crew could also benefit people at home. The Artemis programme and others aim to send humans to the Moon and, eventually, to Mars. Innovations in health care that support the mission crew could also benefit people at home.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Asrar, Farhan M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01691-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {31-33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to keep astronauts healthy in deep space}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The polar regions hold crucial scientific secrets — And the time to study them is running out. NATURE, 642(8066), 29-30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The poles hold 70% of Earth’s fresh water and are crucial to science; what’s unfolding there as the planet warms deserves greater attention. The poles hold 70% of Earth’s fresh water and are crucial to science; what’s unfolding there as the planet warms deserves greater attention.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Macias-Fauria, Marc}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01683-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {29-30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The polar regions hold crucial scientific secrets — And the time to study them is running out}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: Inside the thriving wild-animal markets that could start the next pandemic. NATURE, 642(8066), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Live-animal markets are a natural laboratory for viruses to evolve and spark deadly outbreaks, yet scientists lack support to study the risks they pose. Live-animal markets are a natural laboratory for viruses to evolve and spark deadly outbreaks, yet scientists lack support to study the risks they pose.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiu, Jane}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01690-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: Inside the thriving wild-animal markets that could start the next pandemic}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a mysterious epidemic of kidney disease is killing thousands of young men. NATURE, 642(8066), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Repeated damage from extreme heat over time seems to be a leading factor causing kidneys to fail. Repeated damage from extreme heat over time seems to be a leading factor causing kidneys to fail.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arnold, Carrie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01689-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a mysterious epidemic of kidney disease is killing thousands of young men}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How i’m bringing the voices of local fishers into ocean policies. NATURE, 642(8066), 10. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fishing communities know what sustainability means. They must be at the decision table. Fishing communities know what sustainability means. They must be at the decision table.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gueye, Gaoussou}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01667-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How i’m bringing the voices of local fishers into ocean policies}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Disaster relief needs community trust — Authorities must earn it. NATURE, 642(8066), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Governments and institutions must shift from top-down approaches to collaborations with local communities. Governments and institutions must shift from top-down approaches to collaborations with local communities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rokhideh, Maryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01682-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {6}, number = {8066}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Disaster relief needs community trust — Authorities must earn it}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘I don’t have the bandwidth’: How to juggle dating alongside a PhD. NATURE, 642(8066), 261-262. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Is lasting love more likely if you date only other scientists? How much should you talk about your research on a first date? Researchers lift the lid on their experiences of when science meets affairs of the heart. Is lasting love more likely if you date only other scientists? How much should you talk about your research on a first date? Researchers lift the lid on their experiences of when science meets affairs of the heart.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01388-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {261-262}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘I don’t have the bandwidth’: How to juggle dating alongside a PhD}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US–China tariff war threatens global public health. NATURE, 642(8066), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Sijia and Ma, Jialao}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01728-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US–China tariff war threatens global public health}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A walk down memory lane and other stirring stories: Books in brief. NATURE, 642(8066), 30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01638-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A walk down memory lane and other stirring stories: Books in brief}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The ‘pivot penalty’: Scientists get cited less after switching fields, analysis finds. NATURE, 642(8066), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Massive study of nearly 26 million research papers measures the consequences of striking out in another research area. Massive study of nearly 26 million research papers measures the consequences of striking out in another research area.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lenharo, Mariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01664-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The ‘pivot penalty’: Scientists get cited less after switching fields, analysis finds}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why do hailstones get so big? scientists are chasing storms to find answers. NATURE, 642(8066), 19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Dozens of scientists have descended on the US Great Plains to study hail, which can inflict damage on property and even take lives. Dozens of scientists have descended on the US Great Plains to study hail, which can inflict damage on property and even take lives.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01618-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why do hailstones get so big? scientists are chasing storms to find answers}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the brain spies on the gut: With help from newfound immune cells. NATURE, 642(8066), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The body’s pathogen fighters can act as surveillance forces that ferry information from the gut and fat deposits to the brain. The body’s pathogen fighters can act as surveillance forces that ferry information from the gut and fat deposits to the brain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01655-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the brain spies on the gut: With help from newfound immune cells}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These contact lenses give people infrared vision — Even with their eyes shut. NATURE, 642(8066), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sci-fi-style technology uses nanoparticles to convert infrared light into visible light that humans can see. Sci-fi-style technology uses nanoparticles to convert infrared light into visible light that humans can see.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01630-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These contact lenses give people infrared vision — Even with their eyes shut}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientific conferences are leaving the US amid border fears. NATURE, 642(8066), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some meetings have been put on hold in response to foreign researchers’ travel concerns. Some meetings have been put on hold in response to foreign researchers’ travel concerns.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01636-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientific conferences are leaving the US amid border fears}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Harvard researchers devastated as trump team cuts nearly 1,000 grants. NATURE, 642(8066), 15-16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature talks to scientists about an uncertain future as the US government lays siege to their university. Nature talks to scientists about an uncertain future as the US government lays siege to their university.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01645-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {15-16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Harvard researchers devastated as trump team cuts nearly 1,000 grants}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump’s call for ‘gold-standard science’ has prompted an outcry: Here’s why. NATURE, 642(8066), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Thousands have signed an open letter against the US president’s latest order, anxious about political interference in science and more. Thousands have signed an open letter against the US president’s latest order, anxious about political interference in science and more.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff and Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01668-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump’s call for ‘gold-standard science’ has prompted an outcry: Here’s why}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bed bugs boomed as the world’s first cities did. NATURE, 642(8066), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genomic evidence suggests that the bloodsuckers might have been among the first urban insect pests. Genomic evidence suggests that the bloodsuckers might have been among the first urban insect pests.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01644-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bed bugs boomed as the world’s first cities did}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Forehead ‘e-tattoo’ tracks how hard you’re thinking. NATURE, 642(8066), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Temporary device records eye movement and brain activity to monitor mental strain. Temporary device records eye movement and brain activity to monitor mental strain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01652-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Forehead ‘e-tattoo’ tracks how hard you’re thinking}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The perfect storm for dust storms, thanks to global warming. NATURE, 642(8066), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change is lengthening the gap between snowmelt and vegetation growth. Climate change is lengthening the gap between snowmelt and vegetation growth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01654-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The perfect storm for dust storms, thanks to global warming}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a freezing pond could kick-start life’s self-replication. NATURE, 642(8066), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Freeze–thaw cycles in an icy pond could let an enzyme copy RNA double helices indefinitely — suggesting one way in which evolution could have begun. Freeze–thaw cycles in an icy pond could let an enzyme copy RNA double helices indefinitely — suggesting one way in which evolution could have begun.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01662-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a freezing pond could kick-start life’s self-replication}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Researchers who ‘pivot’ into new fields should not be given a citation penalty. NATURE, 642(8066), 8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic showed the value of changing direction in research. It should be incentivized, encouraged and celebrated. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the value of changing direction in research. It should be incentivized, encouraged and celebrated.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01637-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Researchers who ‘pivot’ into new fields should not be given a citation penalty}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gender equality in research publishing is a responsibility for everyone. NATURE, 642(8066), 7. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A concerted effort is needed to support women in their choice of journal when submitting their manuscript. A concerted effort is needed to support women in their choice of journal when submitting their manuscript.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01614-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8066}, pages = {7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gender equality in research publishing is a responsibility for everyone}, volume = {642}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset. NATURE, 641(8065), E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Liang and Guo, Chen and Zheng, Zhiwei and Dong, Yiyan and Xie, Qifeng and Lv, Zijian and Li, Min and Lu, Yangyang and Guo, Xiaonan and Deng, Rongshan and Liu, Yiqin and Feng, Yirong and Mu, Ruiqi and Zhang, Xuliang and Ma, Huan and Chen, Zhong and Zhang, Zhijun and Dong, Zhaoqi and Yang, Wei and Zhang, Xiangnan and Cui, Yihui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09086-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Microbiota-derived 3-IAA influences chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 641(8065), E12-E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tintelnot, Joseph and Xu, Yang and Lesker, Till R. and Schönlein, Martin and Konczalla, Leonie and Giannou, Anastasios D. and Pelczar, Penelope and Kylies, Dominik and Puelles, Victor G. and Bielecka, Agata A. and Peschka, Manuela and Cortesi, Filippo and Riecken, Kristoffer and Jung, Maximilian and Amend, Lena and Bröring, Tobias S. and Trajkovic-Arsic, Marija and Siveke, Jens T. and Renné, Thomas and Zhang, Danmei and Boeck, Stefan and Strowig, Till and Uzunoglu, Faik G. and Güngör, Cenap and Stein, Alexander and Izbicki, Jakob R. and Bokemeyer, Carsten and Sinn, Marianne and Kimmelman, Alec C. and Huber, Samuel and Gagliani, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08979-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {E12-E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Microbiota-derived 3-IAA influences chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years. NATURE, 641(8065), E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Esper, Jan and Torbenson, Max and Büntgen, Ulf}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09095-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin. NATURE, 641(8065), E10. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vicanolo, Tommaso and Özcan, Alaz and Li, Jackson LiangYao and Huerta-López, Carla and Ballesteros, Iván and Rubio-Ponce, Andrea and Dumitru, Andra C. and Nicolás-Ávila, Jose Ángel and Molina-Moreno, Miguel and Reyes-Gutierrez, Pablo and Johnston, Andrew D. and Martone, Catherine and Greto, Eric and Quílez-Alvarez, Antonio and Calvo, Enrique and Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena and Álvarez-Velez, Rebeca and Chooi, Ming Yao and Kwok, Immanuel and González-Bermúdez, Blanca and Malleret, Benoit and Espinosa, Francisco M. and Zhang, Ming and Wang, Yu-Long and Sun, Dasheng and Zhen Chong, Shu and El-Armouche, Ali and Kim, Kevin K. and Udalova, Irina A. and Greco, Valentina and Garcia, Ricardo and Vázquez, Jesús and Dopazo, Ana and Plaza, Gustavo R. and Alegre-Cebollada, Jorge and Uderhardt, Stefan and Ng, Lai Guan and Hidalgo, Andrés}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09082-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {E10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Parvalbumin-expressing basket-cell network plasticity induced by experience regulates adult learning. NATURE, 641(8065), E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Donato, Flavio and Rompani, Santiago Belluco and Caroni, Pico}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09084-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Parvalbumin-expressing basket-cell network plasticity induced by experience regulates adult learning}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I apply my aquatic-science training to empower tanzania’s seaweed farmers. NATURE, 641(8065), 1346. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amenipa Kyando supports coastal communities to enhance their livelihoods while protecting their environment. Amenipa Kyando supports coastal communities to enhance their livelihoods while protecting their environment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchell Crow, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01577-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1346}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I apply my aquatic-science training to empower tanzania’s seaweed farmers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How artificial intelligence is transforming pathology. NATURE, 641(8065), 1342-1344. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some researchers say that deep-learning ‘foundation’ models will revolutionize the field — but others are not so sure. Some researchers say that deep-learning ‘foundation’ models will revolutionize the field — but others are not so sure.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01576-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1342-1344}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How artificial intelligence is transforming pathology}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists with ADHD speak up: When fire meets focus. NATURE, 641(8065), 1339-1341. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers with the neurodevelopmental condition discuss its peaks and valleys and how they structure their work lives to succeed. Researchers with ADHD discuss its peaks and valleys and how they structure their work lives to succeed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01575-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1339-1341}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists with ADHD speak up: When fire meets focus}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DNA-guided transcription factor interactions extend human gene regulatory code. NATURE, 641(8065), 1329-1338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the same way that the mRNA-binding specificities of transfer RNAs define the genetic code, the DNA-binding specificities of transcription factors (TFs) form the molecular basis of the gene regulatory code1,2. The human gene regulatory code is much more complex than the genetic code, in particular because there are more than 1,600 TFs that commonly interact with each other. TF–TF interactions are required for specifying cell fate and executing cell-type-specific transcriptional programs. Despite this, the landscape of interactions between DNA-bound TFs is poorly defined. Here we map the biochemical interactions between DNA-bound TFs using CAP-SELEX, a method that can simultaneously identify individual TF binding preferences, TF–TF interactions and the DNA sequences that are bound by the interacting complexes. A screen of more than 58,000 TF–TF pairs identified 2,198 interacting TF pairs, 1,329 of which preferentially bound to their motifs arranged in a distinct spacing and/or orientation. We also discovered 1,131 TF–TF composite motifs that were markedly different from the motifs of the individual TFs. In total, we estimate that the screen identified between 18% and 47% of all human TF–TF motifs. The novel composite motifs we found were enriched in cell-type-specific elements, active in vivo and more likely to be formed between developmentally co-expressed TFs. Furthermore, TFs that define embryonic axes commonly interacted with different TFs and bound to distinct motifs, explaining how TFs with a similar specificity can define distinct cell types along developmental axes. A large-scale analysis of DNA-bound transcription factors (TFs) shows how the presence of DNA markedly affects the landscape of TF interactions, and identifies composite motifs that are recognized by complexes of TFs rather than by individual ones.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Zhiyuan and Sokolov, Ilya and Osmala, Maria and Yue, Xue and Bower, Grace and Pett, J. Patrick and Chen, Yinan and Wang, Kai and Cavga, Ayse Derya and Popov, Alexander and Teichmann, Sarah A. and Morgunova, Ekaterina and Kvon, Evgeny Z. and Yin, Yimeng and Taipale, Jussi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08844-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1329-1338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DNA-guided transcription factor interactions extend human gene regulatory code}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plasticity of the mammalian integrated stress response. NATURE, 641(8065), 1319-1328. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An increased level of phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit-α (eIF2α, encoded by EIF2S1; eIF2α-p) coupled with decreased guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eIF2B is a hallmark of the ‘canonical’ integrated stress response (c-ISR)1. It is unclear whether impaired eIF2B activity in human diseases including leukodystrophies2, which occurs in the absence of eIF2α-p induction, is synonymous with the c-ISR. Here we describe a mechanism triggered by decreased eIF2B activity, distinct from the c-ISR, which we term the split ISR (s-ISR). The s-ISR is characterized by translational and transcriptional programs that are different from those observed in the c-ISR. Opposite to the c-ISR, the s-ISR requires eIF4E-dependent translation of the upstream open reading frame 1 and subsequent stabilization of ATF4 mRNA. This is followed by altered expression of a subset of metabolic genes (for example, PCK2), resulting in metabolic rewiring required to maintain cellular bioenergetics when eIF2B activity is attenuated. Overall, these data demonstrate a plasticity of the mammalian ISR, whereby the loss of eIF2B activity in the absence of eIF2α-p induction activates the eIF4E–ATF4–PCK2 axis to maintain energy homeostasis. A study describes the split integrated stress response, a cellular stress response mechanism characterized by reduced eIF2B activity without eIF2α phosphorylation, which activates the eIF4E–ATF4–PCK2 axis, enabling metabolic reprogramming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chien-Wen and Papadopoli, David and Szkop, Krzysztof J. and Guan, Bo-Jhih and Alzahrani, Mohammed and Wu, Jing and Jobava, Raul and Asraf, Mais M. and Krokowski, Dawid and Vourekas, Anastasios and Merrick, William C. and Komar, Anton A. and Koromilas, Antonis E. and Gorospe, Myriam and Payea, Matthew J. and Wang, Fangfang and Clayton, Benjamin L. L. and Tesar, Paul J. and Schaffer, Ashleigh and Miron, Alexander and Bederman, Ilya and Jankowsky, Eckhard and Vogel, Christine and Valášek, Leoš Shivaya and Dinman, Jonathan D. and Zhang, Youwei and Tirosh, Boaz and Larsson, Ola and Topisirovic, Ivan and Hatzoglou, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08794-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1319-1328}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plasticity of the mammalian integrated stress response}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cell cycle duration determines oncogenic transformation capacity. NATURE, 641(8065), 1309-1318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oncogenic mutations are widespread in normal human tissues1. Similarly, in murine chimeras, cells carrying an oncogenic lesion contribute normal cells to adult tissues without causing cancer2–4. How lineages that escape cancer via normal development differ from the minority that succumb is unclear. Tumours exhibit characteristic cancer hallmarks; we therefore searched for hallmarks that differentiate cancer-prone lineages from resistant lineages. Here we show that total cell cycle duration (Tc) predicts transformation susceptibility across multiple tumour types. Cancer-prone Rb- and p107-deficient retina (Rb is also known as Rb1 and p107 is also known as Rbl1) exhibited defects in apoptosis, senescence, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, DNA repair, polarity and proliferation. Perturbing the SKP2–p27–CDK2/CDK1 axis could block cancer without affecting these hallmarks. Thus, cancer requires more than the presence of its hallmarks. Notably, every tumour-suppressive mutation that we tested increased Tc, and the Tc of the cell of origin of retinoblastoma cells was half that of resistant lineages. Tc also differentiated the cell of origin in Rb−/− pituitary cancer. In lung, loss of Rb and p53 (also known as Trp53) transforms neuroendocrine cells, whereas KrasG12D or BrafV600E mutations transform alveolar type 2 cells5–7. The shortest Tc consistently identified the cell of origin, regardless of mutation timing. Thus, relative Tc is a hallmark of initiation that distinguishes cancer-prone from cancer-resistant lineages in several settings, explaining how mutated cells escape transformation without inducing apoptosis, senescence or immune surveillance. Total cell cycle duration is a key hallmark of cancer initiation, and determines whether defects in apoptosis, senescence, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, DNA repair, polarity and proliferation lead to cancer development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Danian and Lu, Suying and Huang, Katherine and Pearson, Joel D. and Pacal, Marek and Peidis, Phillipos and McCurdy, Sean and Yu, Tao and Sangwan, Monika and Nguyen, Angela and Monnier, Philippe P. and Schramek, Daniel and Zhu, Liang and Santamaria, David and Barbacid, Mariano and Akeno, Nagako and Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A. and Bremner, Rod}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08935-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1309-1318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cell cycle duration determines oncogenic transformation capacity}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clinically relevant clot resolution via a thromboinflammation-on-a-chip. NATURE, 641(8065), 1298-1308. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Thromboinflammation occurs in various diseases, leading to life-threatening microvascular occlusion with resulting end-organ failure1–4. Importantly, how microvascular thromboinflammation resolves remains poorly understood due to the small size-scale of microvasculature and the long duration (weeks to months) of this process. Here we introduce a hydrogel-based thromboinflammation-on-a-chip model with long-term culture capabilities to model microvascular thromboinflammation and monitor clot resolution over clinically and physiologically relevant timescales (up to months). Using this system, we mapped out the distinct temporal phases of clot resolution in microvascular thromboinflammation. Using multiplexed RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with our thromboinflammation-on-a-chip model, we observed that inflammation shifts the endothelium fibrinolytic balance to favour thrombosis and pinpointed neutrophil elastase as a double-edged sword that induces clot resolution but also tissue damage. We then investigated the mechanisms of potential therapeutic agents that either prevent microvascular thrombosis or accelerate clot resolution. Specifically, we observed that, in thromboinflammation, (1) early tissue plasminogen activator administration within 3 h directly improves endothelial barrier function; (2) prophylactic defibrotide and enoxaparin suppress microvascular thromboinflammation through endothelium-mediated mechanisms; and (3) combining enoxaparin with crizanlizumab reduces microvascular occlusion and protects endothelial function in sickle cell disease. These data introduce a paradigm in investigating the underlying mechanisms of thromboinflammatory clot resolution and conducting drug discovery thereof. In thromboinflammation, early tissue plasminogen activator administration directly improves endothelial barrier function, prophylactic defibrotide and enoxaparin suppress microvascular thromboinflammation through endothelium-mediated mechanisms and combining enoxaparin with crizanlizumab reduces microvascular occlusion and protects endothelial function in sickle cell disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiu, Yongzhi and Lin, Jessica and Wang, Audrey and Fang, Zhou and Sakurai, Yumiko and Choi, Hyoann and Williams, Evelyn K. and Hardy, Elaissa T. and Maher, Kristin and Coskun, Ahmet F. and Woods, Gary and Lam, Wilbur A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08804-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1298-1308}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clinically relevant clot resolution via a thromboinflammation-on-a-chip}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds. NATURE, 641(8065), 1287-1297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The maintenance of blood glucose, the body’s primary source of energy, is indispensable for overall health and metabolic homeostasis. It is regulated predominantly by the glucagon receptor family which is highly conserved in vertebrates1–4. Compared with other vertebrates, avian blood glucose levels are relatively high5,6, and blood glucose regulatory mechanisms in birds have remained unclear. Here we show that high hepatic expression of the avian glucagon receptor (GCGR) in association with constitutively active Gs signalling is dependent on the interaction of different domains. In vivo experiments showed that expression of constitutively active GCGR in hepatic cells led to correspondingly high blood glucose, rapid hepatic lipid utilization and high metabolic rates via downstream signalling pathway activation in fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Furthermore, we identified a point mutation proximal to the GCGR gene region in chicken that resulted in reduced GCGR mRNA expression and increased body weight. Overexpressing a natural human GCGR variant (HsGCGR(H339R)) with modest constitutive activity in mice demonstrated that high expression of this variant increased blood glucose concentration and reduced body weight. In sum, we find that high expression and constitutive activity of GCGR may have contributed to the evolution of flight in the ancestors of birds. Hepatic expression of constitutively active glucagon receptor may have contributed to the glucose and lipid metabolism and the high metabolic rates that enabled the evolution of flight in birds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Chang and Xiang, Xiangying and Liu, Jian and Huang, Yongjie and Xue, Jingwen and Sun, Qian and Leng, Song and Liu, Shaobo and He, Xuefei and Hu, Peng and Zhan, Xiangjiang and Qiu, Qiang and Yang, Shilong and Brosius, Jürgen and Deng, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08811-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1287-1297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Psychedelic control of neuroimmune interactions governing fear. NATURE, 641(8065), 1276-1286. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuroimmune interactions—signals transmitted between immune and brain cells—regulate many aspects of tissue physiology1, including responses to psychological stress2–5, which can predispose individuals to develop neuropsychiatric diseases6–9. Still, the interactions between haematopoietic and brain-resident cells that influence complex behaviours are poorly understood. Here, we use a combination of genomic and behavioural screens to show that astrocytes in the amygdala limit stress-induced fear behaviour through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Mechanistically, EGFR expression in amygdala astrocytes inhibits a stress-induced, pro-inflammatory signal-transduction cascade that facilitates neuron–glial crosstalk and stress-induced fear behaviour through the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F2 in amygdala neurons. In turn, decreased EGFR signalling and fear behaviour are associated with the recruitment of meningeal monocytes during chronic stress. This set of neuroimmune interactions is therapeutically targetable through the administration of psychedelic compounds, which reversed the accumulation of monocytes in the brain meninges along with fear behaviour. Together with validation in clinical samples, these data suggest that psychedelics can be used to target neuroimmune interactions relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders and potentially other inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory monocytes in the brain meninges promote stress-induced fear behaviour, and the pathways involved can be modulated using psychedelic compounds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chung, Elizabeth N. and Lee, Jinsu and Polonio, Carolina M. and Choi, Joshua and Akl, Camilo Faust and Kilian, Michael and Weiß, Wiebke M. and Gunner, Georgia and Ye, Mingyu and Heo, Tae Hyun and Drake, Sienna S. and Yang, Liu and d’Eca, Catarina R. G. L. and Lee, Joon-Hyuk and Deng, Liwen and Farrenkopf, Daniel and Schüle, Anton M. and Lee, Hong-Gyun and Afolabi, Oreoluwa and Ghaznavi, Sharmin and Smirnakis, Stelios M. and Chiu, Isaac M. and Kuchroo, Vijay K. and Quintana, Francisco J. and Wheeler, Michael A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08880-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1276-1286}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Psychedelic control of neuroimmune interactions governing fear}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). MFSD6 is an entry receptor for enterovirus d68. NATURE, 641(8065), 1268-1275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With the near eradication of poliovirus due to global vaccination campaigns, attention has shifted to other enteroviruses that can cause polio-like paralysis syndrome (now termed acute flaccid myelitis)1–3. In particular, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is believed to be the main driver of epidemic outbreaks of acute flaccid myelitis in recent years4, yet not much is known about EV-D68 host interactions. EV-D68 is a respiratory virus5 but, in rare cases, can spread to the central nervous system to cause severe neuropathogenesis. Here we use genome-scale CRISPR screens to identify the poorly characterized multipass membrane transporter MFSD6 as a host entry factor for EV-D68. Knockout of MFSD6 expression abrogated EV-D68 infection in cell lines and primary cells corresponding to respiratory and neural cells. MFSD6 localized to the plasma membrane and was required for viral entry into host cells. MFSD6 bound directly to EV-D68 particles through its extracellular, third loop (L3). We determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of EV-D68 in a complex with MFSD6 L3, revealing the interaction interface. A decoy receptor, engineered by fusing MFSD6 L3 to Fc, blocked EV-D68 infection of human primary lung epithelial cells and provided near-complete protection in a lethal mouse model of EV-D68 infection. Collectively, our results reveal MFSD6 as an entry receptor for EV-D68, and support the targeting of MFSD6 as a potential mechanism to combat infections by this emerging pathogen with pandemic potential. The multipass membrane transporter MFSD6 localizes to the plasma membrane and acts as a host entry factor for enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) by binding directly to EV-D68 particles through its extracellular, third loop, offering a potential target to combat infections by this emerging pathogen.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Varanese, Lauren and Xu, Lily and Peters, Christine E. and Pintilie, Grigore and Roberts, David S. and Raj, Suyash and Liu, Mengying and Ooi, Yaw Shin and Diep, Jonathan and Qiao, Wenjie and Richards, Christopher M. and Callaway, Jeremy and Bertozzi, Carolyn R. and Jabs, Sabrina and de Vries, Erik and van Kuppeveld, Frank J. M. and Nagamine, Claude M. and Chiu, Wah and Carette, Jan E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08908-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1268-1275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {MFSD6 is an entry receptor for enterovirus d68}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multi-zonal liver organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. NATURE, 641(8065), 1258-1267. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Distinct hepatocyte subpopulations are spatially segregated along the portal–central axis and are critical to understanding metabolic homeostasis and injury in the liver1. Although several bioactive molecules, including ascorbate and bilirubin, have been described as having a role in directing zonal fates, zonal liver architecture has not yet been replicated in vitro2,3. Here, to evaluate hepatic zonal polarity, we developed a self-assembling zone-specific liver organoid by co-culturing ascorbate- and bilirubin-enriched hepatic progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that preconditioned hepatocyte-like cells exhibited zone-specific functions associated with the urea cycle, glutathione synthesis and glutamate synthesis. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of these zonally patterned organoids identifies a hepatoblast differentiation trajectory that dictates periportal, interzonal and pericentral human hepatocytes. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analysis showed that zonal identity is orchestrated by ascorbate- or bilirubin-dependent binding of EP300 to TET1 or HIF1α. Transplantation of the self-assembled zonally patterned human organoids improved survival of immunodeficient rats who underwent bile duct ligation by ameliorating the hyperammonaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia. Overall, this multi-zonal organoid system serves as an in vitro human model to better recapitulate hepatic architecture relevant to liver development and disease. Liver organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells populations grown with ascorbate and bilirubin can be used to recapitulate differential zonal functions of human hepatocytes and for transplantation in animal models of liver dysfunction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reza, Hasan Al and Santangelo, Connie and Iwasawa, Kentaro and Reza, Abid Al and Sekiya, Sachiko and Glaser, Kathryn and Bondoc, Alexander and Merola, Jonathan and Takebe, Takanori}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08850-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1258-1267}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multi-zonal liver organoids from human pluripotent stem cells}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Generation of human adult hepatocyte organoids with metabolic functions. NATURE, 641(8065), 1248-1257. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Proliferating hepatocytes often undergo ductal metaplasia to balance the energy trade-off between cellular functions and replication, hindering the expansion of human adult hepatocytes with functional competency1. Here we demonstrate that the combined activation of Wnt and STAT3 signalling enables long-term self-renewal of human adult hepatocyte organoids. YAP activation facilitates hepatocyte proliferation but commits it towards the biliary duct lineage. By contrast, STAT3 activation by oncostatin M induces hepatocyte proliferation while counteracting ductal metaplasia and maintaining the hepatic identity. Xenotransplanted hepatocyte organoids repopulate the recipient mouse liver and reconstitute the metabolic zonation structure. Upon niche factor removal and hormone supplementation, hepatocyte organoids form cord-like structures with bile canalicular networks and exhibit major liver metabolic functions comparable to those of in vivo hepatocytes. Hepatocyte organoids are amenable to gene editing, prompting functional modelling of inherent metabolic liver diseases. The new culture system offers a promising avenue for developing therapeutic strategies against human liver diseases. The combined activation of Wnt and STAT3 signalling enables long-term self-renewal of human hepatocyte organoids, maintaining hepatic identity, supporting gene editing and offering therapeutic potential for liver disease through enhanced functionality, structure and metabolic competency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Igarashi, Ryo and Oda, Mayumi and Okada, Ryo and Yano, Tomoki and Takahashi, Sirirat and Pastuhov, Strahil and Matano, Mami and Masuda, Norio and Togasaki, Kazuhiro and Ohta, Yuki and Sato, Saeko and Hishiki, Takako and Suematsu, Makoto and Itoh, Manabu and Fujii, Masayuki and Sato, Toshiro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08861-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1248-1257}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Generation of human adult hepatocyte organoids with metabolic functions}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Changes in neurotensin signalling drive hedonic devaluation in obesity. NATURE, 641(8065), 1238-1247. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Calorie-rich foods, particularly those that are high in fat and sugar, evoke pleasure in both humans and animals1. However, prolonged consumption of such foods may reduce their hedonic value, potentially contributing to obesity2–4. Here we investigated this phenomenon in mice on a chronic high-fat diet (HFD). Although these mice preferred high-fat food over regular chow in their home cages, they showed reduced interest in calorie-rich foods in a no-effort setting. This paradoxical decrease in hedonic feeding has been reported previously3–7, but its neurobiological basis remains unclear. We found that in mice on regular diet, neurons in the lateral nucleus accumbens (NAcLat) projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) encoded hedonic feeding behaviours. In HFD mice, this behaviour was reduced and uncoupled from neural activity. Optogenetic stimulation of the NAcLat→VTA pathway increased hedonic feeding in mice on regular diet but not in HFD mice, though this behaviour was restored when HFD mice returned to a regular diet. HFD mice exhibited reduced neurotensin expression and release in the NAcLat→VTA pathway. Furthermore, neurotensin knockout in the NAcLat and neurotensin receptor blockade in the VTA each abolished optogenetically induced hedonic feeding behaviour. Enhancing neurotensin signalling via overexpression normalized aspects of diet-induced obesity, including weight gain and hedonic feeding. Together, our findings identify a neural circuit mechanism that links the devaluation of hedonic foods with obesity. In mice, prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet decreases interest in calorie-rich foods as a result of reduced neurotensin expression and signalling, which uncouples hedonic feeding behaviour linked to neurons projecting from lateral nucleus accumbens to ventral tegmental area.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gazit Shimoni, Neta and Tose, Amanda J. and Seng, Charlotte and Jin, Yihan and Lukacsovich, Tamás and Yang, Hongbin and Verharen, Jeroen P. H. and Liu, Christine and Tanios, Michael and Hu, Eric and Read, Jonathan and Tang, Lilly W. and Lim, Byung Kook and Tian, Lin and Földy, Csaba and Lammel, Stephan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08748-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1238-1247}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Changes in neurotensin signalling drive hedonic devaluation in obesity}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system. NATURE, 641(8065), 1225-1237. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Vision provides animals with detailed information about their surroundings and conveys diverse features such as colour, form and movement across the visual scene. Computing these parallel spatial features requires a large and diverse network of neurons. Consequently, from flies to humans, visual regions in the brain constitute half its volume. These visual regions often have marked structure–function relationships, with neurons organized along spatial maps and with shapes that directly relate to their roles in visual processing. More than a century of anatomical studies have catalogued in detail cell types in fly visual systems1–3, and parallel behavioural and physiological experiments have examined the visual capabilities of flies. To unravel the diversity of a complex visual system, careful mapping of the neural architecture matched to tools for targeted exploration of this circuitry is essential. Here we present a connectome of the right optic lobe from a male Drosophila melanogaster acquired using focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy. We established a comprehensive inventory of the visual neurons and developed a computational framework to quantify their anatomy. Together, these data establish a basis for interpreting how the shapes of visual neurons relate to spatial vision. By integrating this analysis with connectivity information, neurotransmitter identity and expert curation, we classified the approximately 53,000 neurons into 732 types. These types are systematically described and about half are newly named. Finally, we share an extensive collection of split-GAL4 lines matched to our neuron-type catalogue. Overall, this comprehensive set of tools and data unlocks new possibilities for systematic investigations of vision in Drosophila and provides a foundation for a deeper understanding of sensory processing. A connectome of the right optic lobe from a male fruitfly is presented together with an extensive collection of genetic drivers matched to a comprehensive neuron-type catalogue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nern, Aljoscha and Loesche, Frank and Takemura, Shin-ya and Burnett, Laura E. and Dreher, Marisa and Gruntman, Eyal and Hoeller, Judith and Huang, Gary B. and Januszewski, Michał and Klapoetke, Nathan C. and Koskela, Sanna and Longden, Kit D. and Lu, Zhiyuan and Preibisch, Stephan and Qiu, Wei and Rogers, Edward M. and Seenivasan, Pavithraa and Zhao, Arthur and Bogovic, John and Canino, Brandon S. and Clements, Jody and Cook, Michael and Finley-May, Samantha and Flynn, Miriam A. and Hameed, Imran and Fragniere, Alexandra M. C. and Hayworth, Kenneth J. and Hopkins, Gary Patrick and Hubbard, Philip M. and Katz, William T. and Kovalyak, Julie and Lauchie, Shirley A. and Leonard, Meghan and Lohff, Alanna and Maldonado, Charli A. and Mooney, Caroline and Okeoma, Nneoma and Olbris, Donald J. and Ordish, Christopher and Paterson, Tyler and Phillips, Emily M. and Pietzsch, Tobias and Salinas, Jennifer Rivas and Rivlin, Patricia K. and Schlegel, Philipp and Scott, Ashley L. and Scuderi, Louis A. and Takemura, Satoko and Talebi, Iris and Thomson, Alexander and Trautman, Eric T. and Umayam, Lowell and Walsh, Claire and Walsh, John J. and Xu, C. Shan and Yakal, Emily A. and Yang, Tansy and Zhao, Ting and Funke, Jan and George, Reed and Hess, Harald F. and Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E. and Knecht, Christopher and Korff, Wyatt and Plaza, Stephen M. and Romani, Sandro and Saalfeld, Stephan and Scheffer, Louis K. and Berg, Stuart and Rubin, Gerald M. and Reiser, Michael B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08746-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1225-1237}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals. NATURE, 641(8065), 1217-1224. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Osteoarthritis is the third most rapidly growing health condition associated with disability, after dementia and diabetes1. By 2050, the total number of patients with osteoarthritis is estimated to reach 1 billion worldwide2. As no disease-modifying treatments exist for osteoarthritis, a better understanding of disease aetiopathology is urgently needed. Here we perform a genome-wide association study meta-analyses across up to 489,975 cases and 1,472,094 controls, establishing 962 independent associations, 513 of which have not been previously reported. Using single-cell multiomics data, we identify signal enrichment in embryonic skeletal development pathways. We integrate orthogonal lines of evidence, including transcriptome, proteome and epigenome profiles of primary joint tissues, and implicate 700 effector genes. Within these, we find rare coding-variant burden associations with effect sizes that are consistently higher than common frequency variant associations. We highlight eight biological processes in which we find convergent involvement of multiple effector genes, including the circadian clock, glial-cell-related processes and pathways with an established role in osteoarthritis (TGFβ, FGF, WNT, BMP and retinoic acid signalling, and extracellular matrix organization). We find that 10% of the effector genes express a protein that is the target of approved drugs, offering repurposing opportunities, which can accelerate translation. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis combined with multiomics data of osteoarthritis identifies 700 effector genes as well as biological processes with a convergent involvement of multiple effector genes; 10% of these genes express the target of approved drugs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos and Southam, Lorraine and Stefansdottir, Lilja and Boer, Cindy G. and McDonald, Merry-Lynn and Pett, J. Patrick and Park, Young-Chan and Tuerlings, Margo and Mulders, Rick and Barysenka, Andrei and Arruda, Ana Luiza and Tragante, Vinicius and Rocco, Alison and Bittner, Norbert and Chen, Shibo and Horn, Susanne and Srinivasasainagendra, Vinodh and To, Ken and Katsoula, Georgia and Kreitmaier, Peter and Tenghe, Amabel M. M. and Gilly, Arthur and Arbeeva, Liubov and Chen, Lane G. and de Pins, Agathe M. and Dochtermann, Daniel and Henkel, Cecilie and Höijer, Jonas and Ito, Shuji and Lind, Penelope A. and Lukusa-Sawalena, Bitota and Minn, Aye Ko Ko and Mola-Caminal, Marina and Narita, Akira and Nguyen, Chelsea and Reimann, Ene and Silberstein, Micah D. and Skogholt, Anne-Heidi and Tiwari, Hemant K. and Yau, Michelle S. and Yue, Ming and Zhao, Wei and Zhou, Jin J. and Alexiadis, George and Banasik, Karina and Brunak, Søren and Campbell, Archie and Cheung, Jackson T. S. and Dowsett, Joseph and Faquih, Tariq and Faul, Jessica D. and Fei, Lijiang and Fenstad, Anne Marie and Funayama, Takamitsu and Gabrielsen, Maiken E. and Gocho, Chinatsu and Gromov, Kirill and Hansen, Thomas and Hudjashov, Georgi and Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur and Johnson, Jessica S. and Jonsson, Helgi and Kakehi, Saori and Karjalainen, Juha and Kasbohm, Elisa and Lemmelä, Susanna and Lin, Kuang and Liu, Xiaoxi and Loef, Marieke and Mangino, Massimo and McCartney, Daniel and Millwood, Iona Y. and Richman, Joshua and Roberts, Mary B. and Ryan, Kathleen A. and Samartzis, Dino and Shivakumar, Manu and Skou, Søren T. and Sugimoto, Sachiyo and Suzuki, Ken and Takuwa, Hiroshi and Teder-Laving, Maris and Thomas, Laurent and Tomizuka, Kohei and Turman, Constance and Weiss, Stefan and Wu, Tian T. and Zengini, Eleni and Zhang, Yanfei and Ferreira, Manuel Allen Revez and Babis, George and Baras, Aris and Barker, Tyler and Carey, David J. and Cheah, Kathryn S. E. and Chen, Zhengming and Cheung, Jason Pui-Yin and Daly, Mark and de Mutsert, Renée and Eaton, Charles B. and Erikstrup, Christian and Furnes, Ove Nord and Golightly, Yvonne M. and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. and Hailer, Nils P. and Hayward, Caroline and Hochberg, Marc C. and Homuth, Georg and Huckins, Laura M. and Hveem, Kristian and Ikegawa, Shiro and Ishijima, Muneaki and Isomura, Minoru and Jones, Marcus and Kang, Jae H. and Kardia, Sharon L. R. and Kloppenburg, Margreet and Kraft, Peter and Kumahashi, Nobuyuki and Kuwata, Suguru and Lee, Ming Ta Michael and Lee, Phil H. and Lerner, Robin and Li, Liming and Lietman, Steve A. and Lotta, Luca and Lupton, Michelle K. and Mägi, Reedik and Martin, Nicholas G. and McAlindon, Timothy E. and Medland, Sarah E. and Michaëlsson, Karl and Mitchell, Braxton D. and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Morris, Andrew P. and Nabika, Toru and Nagami, Fuji and Nelson, Amanda E. and Ostrowski, Sisse Rye and Palotie, Aarno and Pedersen, Ole Birger and Rosendaal, Frits R. and Sakurai-Yageta, Mika and Schmidt, Carsten Oliver and Sham, Pak Chung and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Smelser, Diane T. and Smith, Jennifer A. and Song, You-qiang and Sørensen, Erik and Tamiya, Gen and Tamura, Yoshifumi and Terao, Chikashi and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Troelsen, Anders and Tsezou, Aspasia and Uchio, Yuji and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Ullum, Henrik and Valdes, Ana M. and van Heel, David A. and Walters, Robin G. and Weir, David R. and Wilkinson, J. Mark and Winsvold, Bendik S. and Yamamoto, Masayuki and Zwart, John-Anker and Stefansson, Kari and Meulenbelt, Ingrid and Teichmann, Sarah A. and van Meurs, Joyce B. J. and Styrkarsdottir, Unnur and Zeggini, Eleftheria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08771-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1217-1224}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Drivers of avian genomic change revealed by evolutionary rate decomposition. NATURE, 641(8065), 1208-1216. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modern birds have diversified into a striking array of forms, behaviours and ecological roles. Analyses of molecular evolutionary rates can reveal the links between genomic and phenotypic change1–4, but disentangling the drivers of rate variation at the whole-genome scale has been difficult. Using comprehensive estimates of traits and evolutionary rates across a family-level phylogeny of birds5,6, we find that genome-wide mutation rates across lineages are predominantly explained by clutch size and generation length, whereas rate variation across genes is driven by the content of guanine and cytosine. Here, to find the subsets of genes and lineages that dominate evolutionary rate variation in birds, we estimated the influence of individual lineages on decomposed axes of gene-specific evolutionary rates. We find that most of the rate variation occurs along recent branches of the tree, associated with present-day families of birds. Additional tests on axes of rate variation show rapid changes in microchromosomes immediately after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition. These apparent pulses of evolution are consistent with major changes in the genetic machineries for meiosis, heart performance, and RNA splicing, surveillance and translation, and correlate with the ecological diversity reflected in increased tarsus length. Collectively, our analyses paint a nuanced picture of avian evolution, revealing that the ancestors of the most diverse lineages of birds underwent major genomic changes related to mutation, gene usage and niche expansion in the early Palaeogene period. Genomic evolutionary rates are decomposed to identify the dominant lineages and genes driving rate variation across the phylogeny of birds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Duchêne, David A. and Chowdhury, Al-Aabid and Yang, Jingyi and Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider and Stiller, Josefin and Feng, Shaohong and Bhatt, Samir and Gilbert, M. Thomas P. and Zhang, Guojie and Tobias, Joseph A. and Ho, Simon Y. W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08777-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1208-1216}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Drivers of avian genomic change revealed by evolutionary rate decomposition}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chicago archaeopteryx informs on the early evolution of the avian bauplan. NATURE, 641(8065), 1201-1207. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Here we report on the nearly complete and uncrushed 14th specimen of Archaeopteryx. Exceptional preservation and preparation guided by micro-computed tomographic data make this one of the best exemplars of this iconic taxon, preserving important data regarding skeletal transformation and plumage evolution in relation to the acquisition of flight during early avian evolution. The ventrolaterally exposed skull reveals a palatal morphology intermediate between troodontids1 and crownward Cretaceous birds2,3. Modifications of the skull reflect the shift towards a less rigid cranial architecture in archaeopterygids from non-avian theropods. The complete vertebral column reveals paired proatlases and a tail longer than previously recognized. Skin traces on the right major digit of the hand suggest that the minor digit was free and mobile distally, contrary to previous interpretations4. The morphology of the foot pads indicates that they were adapted for non-raptorial terrestrial locomotion. Specialized inner secondary feathers called tertials5,6 are observed on both wings. Humeral tertials are absent in non-avian dinosaurs closely related to birds, suggesting that these feathers evolved for flight, creating a continuous aerodynamic surface. These new findings clarify the mosaic of traits present in Archaeopteryx, refine ecological predictions and elucidate the unique evolutionary history of the Archaeopterygidae, providing clues regarding the ancestral avian condition. Analysis of the 'Chicago' Archaeopteryx, a nearly complete and uncrushed specimen, reveals details of the skeleton, soft tissues and plumage of this taxon, providing information on the evolution to avian dinosaur.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Connor, Jingmai and Clark, Alexander and Kuo, Pei-Chen and Kiat, Yosef and Fabbri, Matteo and Shinya, Akiko and Van Beek, Constance and Lu, Jing and Wang, Min and Hu, Han}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08912-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1201-1207}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chicago archaeopteryx informs on the early evolution of the avian bauplan}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution. NATURE, 641(8065), 1193-1200. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The known fossil record of crown-group amniotes begins in the late Carboniferous with the sauropsid trackmaker Notalacerta1,2 and the sauropsid body fossil Hylonomus1–4. The earliest body fossils of crown-group tetrapods are mid-Carboniferous, and the oldest trackways are early Carboniferous5–7. This suggests that the tetrapod crown group originated in the earliest Carboniferous (early Tournaisian), with the amniote crown group appearing in the early part of the late Carboniferous. Here we present new trackway data from Australia that challenge this widely accepted timeline. A track-bearing slab from the Snowy Plains Formation of Victoria, Taungurung Country, securely dated to the early Tournaisian8,9, shows footprints from a crown-group amniote with clawed feet, most probably a primitive sauropsid. This pushes back the likely origin of crown-group amniotes by at least 35–40 million years. We also extend the range of Notalacerta into the early Carboniferous. The Australian tracks indicate that the amniote crown-group node cannot be much younger than the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, and that the tetrapod crown-group node must be located deep within the Devonian; an estimate based on molecular-tree branch lengths suggests an approximate age of early Frasnian for the latter. The implications for the early evolution of tetrapods are profound; all stem-tetrapod and stem-amniote lineages must have originated during the Devonian. It seems that tetrapod evolution proceeded much faster, and the Devonian tetrapod record is much less complete, than has been thought. Analysis of a fossil trackway from the earliest Carboniferous of Australia shows prints of toes with claws, suggesting that the origin of amniotes was at least 35–40 million years earlier than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Long, John A. and Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz and Garvey, Jillian and Clement, Alice M. and Camens, Aaron B. and Eury, Craig A. and Eason, John and Ahlberg, Per E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1193-1200}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thermal asymmetry in the moon’s mantle inferred from monthly tidal response. NATURE, 641(8065), 1188-1192. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Moon undergoes periodic tidal forcing due to its eccentric and oblique orbit around the Earth1. The response to this tidal interaction drives temporal changes in the lunar gravity field and is sensitive to the satellite’s internal structure2–4. We use data from the NASA GRAIL spacecraft5–9 to recover the time-varying lunar gravity field, including a degree-3 gravitational tidal Love number, k3. Here, we report our estimated value of k3 = 0.0163 ± 0.0007, which is about 72% higher than that expected for a spherically symmetric moon10. Such a large k3 can be explained if the elastic shear modulus of the mantle varies by about 2–3% between the nearside and farside4, providing an observational demonstration of lateral heterogeneities in the deep lunar interior. This asymmetric structure suggests preservation of a predominantly thermal anomaly of roughly 100–200 K in the nearside mantle that formed surface mare regions 3–4 billion years ago11 and could influence the spatial distribution of deep moonquakes12. Data from the NASA GRAIL spacecraft recover the lunar gravity field suggesting preservation of a predominantly thermal anomaly in the nearside mantle, which could influence the spatial distribution of deep moonquakes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, R. S. and Berne, A. and Konopliv, A. S. and Keane, J. T. and Matsuyama, I. and Nimmo, F. and Rovira-Navarro, M. and Panning, M. P. and Simons, M. and Stevenson, D. J. and Weber, R. C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08949-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1188-1192}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thermal asymmetry in the moon’s mantle inferred from monthly tidal response}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A foundation model for the earth system. NATURE, 641(8065), 1180-1187. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Reliable forecasting of the Earth system is essential for mitigating natural disasters and supporting human progress. Traditional numerical models, although powerful, are extremely computationally expensive1. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in improving both predictive performance and efficiency2,3, yet their potential remains underexplored in many Earth system domains. Here we introduce Aurora, a large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data. Aurora outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean waves, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather, all at orders of magnitude lower computational cost. With the ability to be fine-tuned for diverse applications at modest expense, Aurora represents a notable step towards democratizing accurate and efficient Earth system predictions. These results highlight the transformative potential of AI in environmental forecasting and pave the way for broader accessibility to high-quality climate and weather information. Aurora, a new large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data, outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean wave dynamics, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bodnar, Cristian and Bruinsma, Wessel P. and Lucic, Ana and Stanley, Megan and Allen, Anna and Brandstetter, Johannes and Garvan, Patrick and Riechert, Maik and Weyn, Jonathan A. and Dong, Haiyu and Gupta, Jayesh K. and Thambiratnam, Kit and Archibald, Alexander T. and Wu, Chun-Chieh and Heider, Elizabeth and Welling, Max and Turner, Richard E. and Perdikaris, Paris}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1180-1187}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A foundation model for the earth system}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). End-to-end data-driven weather prediction. NATURE, 641(8065), 1172-1179. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Weather prediction is critical for a range of human activities, including transportation, agriculture and industry, as well as for the safety of the general public. Machine learning transforms numerical weather prediction (NWP) by replacing the numerical solver with neural networks, improving the speed and accuracy of the forecasting component of the prediction pipeline1–6. However, current models rely on numerical systems at initialization and to produce local forecasts, thereby limiting their achievable gains. Here we show that a single machine learning model can replace the entire NWP pipeline. Aardvark Weather, an end-to-end data-driven weather prediction system, ingests observations and produces global gridded forecasts and local station forecasts. The global forecasts outperform an operational NWP baseline for several variables and lead times. The local station forecasts are skilful for up to ten days of lead time, competing with a post-processed global NWP baseline and a state-of-the-art end-to-end forecasting system with input from human forecasters. End-to-end tuning further improves the accuracy of local forecasts. Our results show that skilful forecasting is possible without relying on NWP at deployment time, which will enable the realization of the full speed and accuracy benefits of data-driven models. We believe that Aardvark Weather will be the starting point for a new generation of end-to-end models that will reduce computational costs by orders of magnitude and enable the rapid, affordable creation of customized models for a range of end users. Aardvark Weather, an end-to-end machine learning model, replaces the entire numerical weather prediction pipeline with a machine learning model, by producing accurate global and local forecasts without relying on numerical solvers, revolutionizing weather prediction with improved speed, accuracy and customization capabilities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allen, Anna and Markou, Stratis and Tebbutt, Will and Requeima, James and Bruinsma, Wessel P. and Andersson, Tom R. and Herzog, Michael and Lane, Nicholas D. and Chantry, Matthew and Hosking, J. Scott and Turner, Richard E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08897-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1172-1179}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {End-to-end data-driven weather prediction}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Radiative forcing reduced by early twenty-first century increase in land albedo. NATURE, 641(8065), 1162-1171. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Surface albedo greatly affects how much energy the Earth absorbs. Intensive human activities and accelerated climate change have altered surface albedo across spatial and temporal scales1–3, yet assessments of the effects of land use or land cover (LULC) and snow variations on land surface albedo are scarce at the global scale. As a result, the global land surface albedo dynamics over recent decades and their corresponding radiative forcing to the climate system remain poorly understood4–9. Here we quantify the individual and combined effects of snow cover dynamics, LULC conversions and non-conversion regions on albedo variations during 2001–2020 and estimate their induced radiative forcing. We show that the negative radiative forcing induced by the global land surface albedo change was −0.142 (−0.158, −0.114) W m−2 over the past two decades. The global snow-free land surface albedo increased by 2.2% (P < 0.001), with a negative radiative forcing of −0.164 (−0.186, −0.138) W m−2 (P < 0.001). The magnitude of this negative forcing is sevenfold larger than the positive forcing induced by snow dynamics, and equivalent to 59.9% of that caused by CO2 emissions from 2011 to 201910. The global radiative forcing due to albedo changes in LULC non-conversion regions is 3.9 to 8.1 times greater than that from LULC conversions. The radiative forcing induced by albedo changes highlights the important role of land surface dynamics in modulating global warming. Effects of snow cover dynamics, land use or land cover conversions and non-conversion regions on albedo variations during 2001–2020 are quantified and their induced radiative forcing estimated, highlighting the role of land surface dynamics in modulating global warming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hou, Zhengyang and Zhang, Liqiang and Peng, Jingjing and Forzieri, Giovanni and Jia, Aolin and Xiao, Zhiqiang and Qu, Ying and Lin, Jintai and Ji, Duoying and Zhu, Zidong and Yao, Xin and Peng, Shuwen and Zhao, Lanpu and Fan, Wenjie and Wu, Zhaocong and Geng, Hao and Wang, Qihao and Zhou, Chenghu and Liu, Suhong and Zhang, Liangpei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08987-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1162-1171}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Radiative forcing reduced by early twenty-first century increase in land albedo}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Encapsulated Co–Ni alloy boosts high-temperature CO2 electroreduction. NATURE, 641(8065), 1156-1161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electrochemical CO2 reduction into chemicals and fuels holds great promise for renewable energy storage and carbon recycling1–3. Although high-temperature CO2 electroreduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells is industrially relevant, current catalysts have modest energy efficiency and a limited lifetime at high current densities, generally below 70% and 200 h, respectively, at 1 A cm−2 and temperatures of 800 °C or higher4–8. Here we develop an encapsulated Co–Ni alloy catalyst using Sm2O3-doped CeO2 that exhibits an energy efficiency of 90% and a lifetime of more than 2,000 h at 1 A cm−2 for high-temperature CO2-to-CO conversion at 800 °C. Its selectivity towards CO is about 100%, and its single-pass yield reaches 90%. We show that the efficacy of our catalyst arises from its unique encapsulated structure and optimized alloy composition, which simultaneously enable enhanced CO2 adsorption, moderate CO adsorption and suppressed metal agglomeration. This work provides an efficient strategy for the design of catalysts for high-temperature reactions that overcomes the typical trade-off between activity and stability and has potential industrial applications. An optimized Co–Ni alloy catalyst encapsulated with Sm2O3-doped CeO2 shows both high activity and stability for high-temperature CO2-to-CO conversion, overcoming the limitations of such catalysts typically used in industrial applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ma, Wenchao and Morales-Vidal, Jordi and Tian, Jiaming and Liu, Meng-Ting and Jin, Seongmin and Ren, Wenhao and Taubmann, Julian and Chatzichristodoulou, Christodoulos and Luterbacher, Jeremy and Chen, Hao Ming and López, Núria and Hu, Xile}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08978-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1156-1161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Encapsulated Co–Ni alloy boosts high-temperature CO2 electroreduction}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hidden states and dynamics of fractional fillings in twisted MoTe2 bilayers. NATURE, 641(8065), 1149-1155. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) effect was recently discovered in twisted MoTe2 (tMoTe2) bilayers1–4. Experiments so far have revealed Chern insulators from hole doping at ν = −1, −2/3, −3/5 and −4/7 (per moiré unit cell)1–6. In parallel, theories predict that, between v = −1 and −3, there exist exotic quantum phases7–15, such as the coveted fractional topological insulators, fractional quantum spin Hall (FQSH) states and non-Abelian fractional states. Here we use transient optical spectroscopy16,17 on tMoTe2 to reveal nearly 20 hidden states at fractional fillings that are absent in static optical sensing or transport measurements. A pump pulse selectively excites charge across the correlated or pseudogaps, leading to the disordering (melting) of correlated states18. A probe pulse detects the subsequent melting and recovery dynamics by means of exciton and trion sensing1,3,19–21. Besides the known states, we observe further fractional fillings between ν = 0 and −1 and a large number of states on the electron doping side (ν > 0). Most importantly, we observe new states at fractional fillings of the Chern bands at ν = −4/3, −3/2, −5/3, −7/3, −5/2 and −8/3. These states are potential candidates for the predicted exotic topological phases7–15. Moreover, we show that melting of correlated states occurs on two distinct timescales, 2–4 ps and 180–270 ps, attributed to electronic and phonon mechanisms, respectively. We discuss the differing dynamics of the electron-doped and hole-doped states from the distinct moiré conduction and valence bands. Transient optical spectroscopy applied to studying twisted MoTe2 for time-domain detection of fractional fillings of Chern bands reveals many hidden states that have not been previously observed and which could host exotic topological phases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Yiping and Choe, Jeongheon and Anderson, Eric and Li, Weijie and Ingham, Julian and Arsenault, Eric A. and Li, Yiliu and Hu, Xiaodong and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Roy, Xavier and Basov, Dmitri and Xiao, Di and Queiroz, Raquel and Hone, James C. and Xu, Xiaodong and Zhu, X.-Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08954-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1149-1155}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hidden states and dynamics of fractional fillings in twisted MoTe2 bilayers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bulk–spatiotemporal vortex correspondence in gyromagnetic zero-index media. NATURE, 641(8065), 1142-1148. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Photonic double-zero-index media, distinguished by concurrently zero-valued permittivity and permeability, exhibit extraordinary properties not found in nature1–8. Notably, the notion of zero index can be substantially expanded by generalizing the constitutive parameters from null scalars to non-reciprocal tensors with non-zero matrix elements but zero determinants9,10. Here we experimentally realize this class of gyromagnetic double-zero-index metamaterials possessing both double-zero-index features and non-reciprocal hallmarks. As an intrinsic property, this metamaterial always emerges at a spin-1/2 Dirac point of a topological phase transition. We discover and demonstrate that a spatiotemporal reflection vortex singularity is always anchored to the Dirac point of the metamaterial, with the vortex charge being determined by the topological invariant leap across the phase transition. This establishes a unique bulk–spatiotemporal vortex correspondence that extends the protected boundary effects into the time domain and characterizes topological phase-transition points, setting it apart from any pre-existing bulk–boundary correspondence. Based on this correspondence, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a mechanism to deterministically generate optical spatiotemporal vortex pulses11,12 with firmly fixed central frequency and momentum, hence showing ultrarobustness. Our findings uncover connections between zero-refractive-index photonics, topological photonics and singular optics, which might enable the manipulation of space-time topological light fields using the inherent topology of extreme-parameter metamaterials. Realization of a gyromagnetic double-zero-index metamaterial results in unconventional optical and topological properties, suitable to be used for the generation of light pulses shaped as a vortex both in time and space.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Ruo-Yang and Cui, Xiaohan and Zeng, Yuan-Song and Chen, Jin and Liu, Wenzhe and Wang, Mudi and Wang, Dongyang and Zhang, Zhao-Qing and Wang, Neng and Wu, Geng-Bo and Chan, C. T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08948-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1142-1148}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bulk–spatiotemporal vortex correspondence in gyromagnetic zero-index media}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quasar radiation transforms the gas in a merging companion galaxy. NATURE, 641(8065), 1137-1141. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quasars, powered by gas accretion onto supermassive black holes1,2, rank among the most energetic objects in the Universe3,4. Although they are thought to be ignited by galaxy mergers5–11 and affect the surrounding gas12–15, observational constraints on both processes remain scarce16–18. Here we describe a major merging system at redshift z ≈ 2.7 and demonstrate that radiation from the quasar in one galaxy directly alters the gas properties in the other galaxy. Our findings reveal that the galaxies, with centroids separated by only a few kiloparsecs and approaching each other at a speed of approximately 550 km s−1, are massive, are forming stars and contain a substantial molecular mass. Yet, dusty molecular gas seen in absorption against the quasar nucleus is highly excited and confined within cloudlets with densities of approximately 105 to 106 cm−3 and sizes of less than 0.02 pc, several orders of magnitude more compact than those observed in intervening (non-quasar) environments. This is also approximately 105 times smaller than currently resolvable through molecular-line emission at high redshifts. We infer that, wherever it is exposed to the quasar radiation, the molecular gas is disrupted, leaving behind surviving dense clouds too small to give birth to new stars. Our results not only underscore the role of major galaxy mergers in triggering quasar activity but also reveal localized negative feedback as a profound alteration of the internal gas structure, which probably hampers star formation. We demonstrate that in a major merging system, radiation from the quasar in one galaxy directly alters the gas properties in the companion galaxy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Balashev, Sergei and Noterdaeme, Pasquier and Gupta, Neeraj and Krogager, Jens-Kristian and Combes, Françoise and López, Sebastián and Petitjean, Patrick and Omont, Alain and Srianand, Raghunathan and Cuellar, Rodrigo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08966-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1137-1141}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quasar radiation transforms the gas in a merging companion galaxy}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structured ionized winds shooting out from a quasar at relativistic speeds. NATURE, 641(8065), 1132-1136. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evidence indicates that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) exist at the centres of most galaxies. Their mass correlates with the galactic bulge mass1, suggesting a coevolution with their host galaxies2, most likely through powerful winds3. X-ray observations have detected highly ionized winds outflowing at sub-relativistic speeds from the accretion disks around SMBHs4,5. However, the limited spectral resolution of present X-ray instruments has left the physical structure and location of the winds poorly understood, hindering accurate estimates of their kinetic power6,7. Here the first X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) observation of the luminous quasar PDS 456 is reported. The high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM enabled the discovery of five discrete velocity components outflowing at 20–30% of the speed of light. This demonstrates that the wind structure is highly inhomogeneous, which probably consists of up to a million clumps. The mass outflow rate is estimated to be 60–300 solar masses per year, with the wind kinetic power exceeding the Eddington luminosity limit. Compared with the galaxy-scale outflows, the kinetic power is more than three orders of magnitude larger, whereas the momentum flux is ten times larger. These estimates disfavour both energy-driven and momentum-driven outflow models. This suggests that such wind activity occurs in less than 10% of the quasar phase and/or that its energy/momentum is not efficiently transferred to the galaxy-scale outflows owing to the clumpiness of the wind and the interstellar medium. Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08968-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1132-1136}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structured ionized winds shooting out from a quasar at relativistic speeds}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The history and future of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. NATURE, 641(8065), 1121-1131. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since the discovery of resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain, this neuroimaging approach has revolutionized the study of neural architecture. Once considered noise, the functional significance of spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations across large-scale brain networks has now been investigated in more than 25,000 publications. In this Review, we provide a historical overview and thoughts regarding potential future directions for resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) research, highlighting the most informative analytic approaches that have been developed to reveal the brain’s intrinsic spatiotemporal organization. We review the collaborative efforts that have led to the widespread use of rsfMRI in neuroscience, with an emphasis on methodological innovations that have been made possible by contributions from electrical and biomedical engineering, physics, mathematics and computer science. We focus on key theoretical and methodological advances that will be necessary for further progress in the field, highlighting the need for further integration with new developments in whole-brain computational modelling, more sophisticated approaches to brain–behaviour mapping, greater mechanistic insights from concurrent measurement of neurophysiology, and greater appreciation of the problem of generalization failure in machine learning applications. We propose that rsfMRI has the potential for even greater clinical relevance when it is fully integrated with population neuroscience and global health initiatives in the service of precision psychiatry. This Review provides an overview of the history of resting-state functional MRI research, which has helped to reveal the spatiotemporal organization of the brain, and discusses how it can contribute further to neuroscience research and precision psychiatry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biswal, Bharat B. and Uddin, Lucina Q.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08953-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1121-1131}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The history and future of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The shaping of terrestrial planets by late accretions. NATURE, 641(8065), 1111-1120. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Terrestrial planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—formed by the accretion of smaller objects. The Earth was probably the latest terrestrial planet to form and reached about 99% of its final mass within about 60–100 Myr after condensation of the first solids in the Solar System. This Review examines the disproportionate role of the last approximately 1% of planetary growth, or late accretion, in controlling the long-term evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets. Late accretion may have been responsible for shaping Earth’s distinctive geophysical and chemical properties and generating pathways conducive to prebiotic chemistry. Differences in the late accretion of a planet may provide a rationale for interpreting the distinct properties of Venus and Earth (for example, tectonism, atmospheric composition, water content), the surface dichotomy of Mars and the high core-to-silicate mass ratio of Mercury. Large collisions and ensuing processes are likely to occur and modulate the evolution of rocky exoplanets as well, and they should be considered in our quest to find Earth-like worlds. Differences in the role of late accretion in the long-term evolution of terrestrial planets are shown to possibly lead to distinct geophysical and chemical properties, as well as pathways conducive to prebiotic chemistry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marchi, Simone and Korenaga, Jun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08970-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1111-1120}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The shaping of terrestrial planets by late accretions}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The cell-division cycle is faster in cell types prone to forming cancer. NATURE, 641(8065), 1108-1109. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some types of cell are more likely than others to give rise to tumours. A rapid cell cycle is a newly identified predictor of cancer susceptibility. Some types of cell are more likely than others to give rise to tumours. A rapid cell cycle is a newly identified predictor of cancer susceptibility.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Matthews, Helen K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01138-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1108-1109}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The cell-division cycle is faster in cell types prone to forming cancer}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How and when north america’s deepest river gorge formed. NATURE, 641(8065), 1107. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of landscape features and of river deposits preserved in caves point to an event 2.1 million years ago that triggered the formation of Hells Canyon. An analysis of landscape features and of river deposits preserved in caves point to an event 2.1 million years ago that triggered the formation of Hells Canyon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01613-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1107}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How and when north america’s deepest river gorge formed}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Psychedelics reduce fear by targeting immune cells that modulate brain cells. NATURE, 641(8065), 1105-1108. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune cells boost stress-linked fear responses by communicating with brain cells. One way that psychedelics lessen such fear is by modulating this interaction. Immune cells boost stress-linked fear responses by communicating with brain cells. One way that psychedelics lessen such fear is by modulating this interaction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Yun and Colonna, Marco}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01133-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1105-1108}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Psychedelics reduce fear by targeting immune cells that modulate brain cells}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Black hole flings out clumps of gas. NATURE, 641(8065), 1104-1105. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Measurements of wind in a luminous galactic core reveal dense pockets of gas — a finding that calls for a rethink of how black holes interact with their host galaxies. Measurements of wind in a luminous galactic core reveal dense pockets of gas — a finding that calls for a rethink of how black holes interact with their host galaxies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bischetti, Manuela}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01421-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1104-1105}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Black hole flings out clumps of gas}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Track record: Unexpectedly early reptile claw prints found. NATURE, 641(8065), 1103-1104. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fossil evidence points to an earlier-than-expected timeline for when reptiles, members of the four-limbed group of animals called tetrapods, began to evolve. Fossil evidence points to an earlier-than-expected timeline for when reptiles, members of the four-limbed group of animals called tetrapods, began to evolve.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sumida, Stuart S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01134-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1103-1104}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Track record: Unexpectedly early reptile claw prints found}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Address academic bullying through structural reform. NATURE, 641(8065), 1101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bell, Steven}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01640-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Address academic bullying through structural reform}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global measles eradication goal is urgently needed. NATURE, 641(8065), 1101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Durrheim, David N. and Andrus, Jon K. and Tabassum, Shahina and Githanga, David and Kojouharova, Mira and Teleb, Nadia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01641-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global measles eradication goal is urgently needed}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Taking common medicines might matter for cancer treatment. NATURE, 641(8065), 1101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mahon, François-Xavier}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01642-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Taking common medicines might matter for cancer treatment}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The forest space age needs eyes on the ground. NATURE, 641(8065), 1101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Phillips, Oliver and Duque, Alvaro and Rodriguez, Lillian and Zo-Bi, Irié Casimir}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01643-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The forest space age needs eyes on the ground}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why space exploration must not be left to a few powerful nations. NATURE, 641(8065), 1098-1100. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Indigenous people and others need a say in space-industry decisions. Here’s how that can happen. Indigenous people and others need a say in space-industry decisions. Here’s how that can happen.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aganaba, Timiebi and Fish, Adam and Hamacher, Duane and Harvey, Alvin and Joinbee, Daniel and Milligan, Anthony and Ojani, Chakad and Smiles, Niiyokamigaabaw Deondre and Swanton, Peter and Neilson, Hilding and Tucker, Brad}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01574-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1098-1100}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why space exploration must not be left to a few powerful nations}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Richard garwin obituary: Designer of the hydrogen bomb who advocated for arms control. NATURE, 641(8065), 1097. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The particle physicist and inventor advised 13 US presidents — whether they asked him to or not. The particle physicist and inventor advised 13 US presidents — whether they asked him to or not.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Finkbeiner, Ann}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01573-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1097}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Richard garwin obituary: Designer of the hydrogen bomb who advocated for arms control}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Powerful and horrifying’ — David attenborough’s latest film is a cry to protect our oceans. NATURE, 641(8065), 1095-1096. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The seas could save us from climate change, but only if we save them first, legendary naturalist and broadcaster argues in a vivid film. The seas could save us from climate change, but only if we save them first, legendary naturalist and broadcaster argues in a vivid film.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simms, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01572-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1095-1096}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Powerful and horrifying’ — David attenborough’s latest film is a cry to protect our oceans}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gripping account of psychology’s cautionary tale is marred by flawed assumptions. NATURE, 641(8065), 1093-1094. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A dissection of the field of ‘social priming’ asks what this controversy can teach us about how to study human behaviour. A dissection of the field of ‘social priming’ asks what this controversy can teach us about how to study human behaviour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Machery, Edouard and Doris, John M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01571-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1093-1094}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gripping account of psychology’s cautionary tale is marred by flawed assumptions}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cancer-fighting immune cells could soon be engineered inside our bodies. NATURE, 641(8065), 1090-1092. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Manufacturing CAR T cells in the laboratory is expensive and time-consuming. An in vivo approach could get the powerful therapy to more people. Manufacturing CAR T cells in the laboratory is expensive and time-consuming. An in vivo approach could get the powerful therapy to more people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Willyard, Cassandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01570-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1090-1092}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cancer-fighting immune cells could soon be engineered inside our bodies}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain drugs can now cross the once impenetrable blood–brain barrier. NATURE, 641(8065), 1086-1088. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {New technologies to shuttle drugs into the brain are showing promise in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and more. New technologies to shuttle drugs into the brain are showing promise in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and more.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abbott, Alison}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01569-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1086-1088}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain drugs can now cross the once impenetrable blood–brain barrier}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NSF plan to slash ‘indirect’ science funding: Will it stick?. NATURE, 641(8065), 1084. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As it awaits a court ruling, the US National Science Foundation has paused its attempt to cap indirect-cost payments on research grants. As it awaits a court ruling, the US National Science Foundation has paused its attempt to cap indirect-cost payments on research grants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01594-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1084}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NSF plan to slash ‘indirect’ science funding: Will it stick?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). World first: Ultra-powerful CRISPR treatment trialled in a person. NATURE, 641(8065), 1083. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune-cell function improved in a teenager whose DNA was altered using prime editing. Immune-cell function improved in a teenager whose DNA was altered using prime editing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01593-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1083}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {World first: Ultra-powerful CRISPR treatment trialled in a person}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science’s ‘Gollum effect’: PhDs bear brunt of territorial behaviour. NATURE, 641(8065), 1082-1083. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Survey respondents at all career stages report colleagues engaging in territorial and possessive behaviours — but early-career researchers are most often affected. Survey respondents at all career stages report colleagues engaging in territorial and possessive behaviours — but early-career researchers are most often affected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01588-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1082-1083}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science’s ‘Gollum effect’: PhDs bear brunt of territorial behaviour}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Single particle acts as a quantum computer to simulate molecules. NATURE, 641(8065), 1081-1082. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A trapped ytterbium ion can be used to model complex changes in the energy levels of organic molecules interacting with light. A trapped ytterbium ion can be used to model complex changes in the energy levels of organic molecules interacting with light.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01591-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1081-1082}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Single particle acts as a quantum computer to simulate molecules}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI linked to explosion of low-quality biomedical research papers. NATURE, 641(8065), 1080-1081. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analysis flags hundreds of studies that seem to follow a template, reporting correlations between complex health conditions and single variables based on publicly available data sets. Analysis flags hundreds of studies that seem to follow a template, reporting correlations between complex health conditions and single variables based on publicly available data sets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01592-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1080-1081}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI linked to explosion of low-quality biomedical research papers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I told AI to make me a protein. here’s what it came up with. NATURE, 641(8065), 1079-1080. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A new crop of artificial-intelligence models allows users to create, manipulate and learn about biology using ordinary language. A new crop of artificial-intelligence models allows users to create, manipulate and learn about biology using ordinary language.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01586-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1079-1080}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I told AI to make me a protein. here’s what it came up with}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US brain drain: Nature’s guide to the initiatives drawing scientists abroad. NATURE, 641(8065), 1077-1079. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In response to US turmoil, premier establishments such as the European Research Council have sweetened incentives to attract talent. In response to US turmoil, premier establishments such as the European Research Council have sweetened incentives to attract talent.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gaind, Nisha and Fieldhouse, Rachel and Naddaf, Miryam and Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01540-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1077-1079}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US brain drain: Nature’s guide to the initiatives drawing scientists abroad}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Explosive volcanoes can bury carbon —a climate boon. NATURE, 641(8065), 1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ash spread by violent eruptions in South American sequester carbon in the soil. Ash spread by violent eruptions in South American sequester carbon in the soil.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01533-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Explosive volcanoes can bury carbon —a climate boon}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t feel the pain — These brain cells help with managing opioid withdrawal. NATURE, 641(8065), 1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neurons in a brain region linked with substance-use disorders can affect how much pain is felt when stopping chronic opioid use. Neurons in a brain region linked with substance-use disorders can affect how much pain is felt when stopping chronic opioid use.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01534-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t feel the pain — These brain cells help with managing opioid withdrawal}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What big eyes this whale has — But not the better to see you with. NATURE, 641(8065), 1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The humpback whale has the whale equivalent of nearsightedness, which puts it at risk of being snarled in fishing gear. The humpback whale has the whale equivalent of nearsightedness, which puts it at risk of being snarled in fishing gear.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01535-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What big eyes this whale has — But not the better to see you with}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Telescope team reads the fine print — From more than a kilometre away. NATURE, 641(8065), 1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A pair of telescopes picking up reflected light achieve a performance 14 times better than a single telescope can manage alone. A pair of telescopes picking up reflected light achieve a performance 14 times better than a single telescope can manage alone.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01536-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Telescope team reads the fine print — From more than a kilometre away}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Europe can capture the US brain drain — If it acts fast. NATURE, 641(8065), 1074. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Countries must cooperate to seize a once-in-a-generation opportunity to become the top destination for scientists. Countries must cooperate to seize a once-in-a-generation opportunity to become the top destination for scientists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mota, Maria M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01567-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1074}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Europe can capture the US brain drain — If it acts fast}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Science saved my life’ — And it must save other at-risk scholars. NATURE, 641(8065), 1073. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The global scientific community must do more to offer safety and support to displaced academics and others. The global scientific community must do more to offer safety and support to displaced academics and others.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Erfani, Encieh}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01568-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1073}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Science saved my life’ — And it must save other at-risk scholars}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). End racism in science: There shouldn’t be any argument about this goal. NATURE, 641(8065), 1071. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Five years after the murder of George Floyd spurred global protests, it is imperative that institutions continue to confront racism and discrimination. Five years after the murder of George Floyd spurred global protests, it is imperative that institutions continue to confront racism and discrimination.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01615-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8065}, pages = {1071}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {End racism in science: There shouldn’t be any argument about this goal}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). People and dogs team up to protect sea turtles in cabo verde. NATURE, 641(8064), 1064. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {João José Mendes de Oliveira and the Turtle Foundation catch poachers with the help of trained dogs. João José Mendes de Oliveira and the Turtle Foundation catch poachers with the help of trained dogs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Noraha, Patricia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01554-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1064}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {People and dogs team up to protect sea turtles in cabo verde}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). #OpenToWork: How laid-off US scientists are coping with shattered careers. NATURE, 641(8064), 1059-1061. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unemployed researchers face some tough career choices as they flood the job market after the Trump administration’s cuts to science. Unemployed researchers face some tough career choices as they flood the job market after the Trump administration’s cuts to science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gewin, Virginia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01553-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1059-1061}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {#OpenToWork: How laid-off US scientists are coping with shattered careers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Oxidation of retromer complex controls mitochondrial translation. NATURE, 641(8064), 1048-1058. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Reactive oxygen species (ROS) underlie human pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration1,2. However, the proteins that sense ROS levels and regulate their production through their cysteine residues remain ill defined. Here, using systematic base-editing and computational screens, we identify cysteines in VPS35, a member of the retromer trafficking complex3, that phenocopy inhibition of mitochondrial translation when mutated. We find that VPS35 underlies a reactive metabolite-sensing pathway that lowers mitochondrial translation to decrease ROS levels. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide oxidizes cysteine residues in VPS35, resulting in retromer dissociation from endosomal membranes and subsequent plasma membrane remodelling. We demonstrate that plasma membrane localization of the retromer substrate SLC7A1 is required to sustain mitochondrial translation. Furthermore, decreasing VPS35 levels or oxidation of its ROS-sensing cysteines confers resistance to ROS-generating chemotherapies, including cisplatin, in ovarian cancer models. Thus, we identify that intracellular ROS levels are communicated to the plasma membrane through VPS35 to regulate mitochondrial translation, connecting cytosolic ROS sensing to mitochondrial ROS production. Systematic base-editing and computational screens identify specific cysteine residues on VPS35 in the retromer complex as key sensors that decrease mitochondrial translation in response to reactive oxygen species signals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Junbing and Ali, Md Yousuf and Chong, Harrison Byron and Tien, Pei-Chieh and Woods, James and Noble, Carolina and Vornbäumen, Tristan and Ordulu, Zehra and Possemato, Anthony P. and Harry, Stefan and Fonticella, Jay Miguel and Fellah, Lina and Harrison, Drew and Ge, Maolin and Khandelwal, Neha and Huang, Yingfei and Chauvin, Maëva and Bischof, Anica Tamara and Hambelton, Grace Marie and Gohar, Magdy Farag and Zhang, Siwen and Choi, MinGyu and Bouberhan, Sara and Oliva, Esther and Mino-Kenudson, Mari and Pavlova, Natalya N. and Lawrence, Michael and Gainor, Justin F. and Beausoleil, Sean A. and Bardeesy, Nabeel and Mostoslavsky, Raul and Pépin, David and Ott, Christopher J. and Liau, Brian and Bar-Peled, Liron}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08756-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1048-1058}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Oxidation of retromer complex controls mitochondrial translation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial multi-omics reveals cell-type-specific nuclear compartments. NATURE, 641(8064), 1037-1047. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mammalian nucleus is compartmentalized by diverse subnuclear structures. These subnuclear structures, marked by nuclear bodies and histone modifications, are often cell-type specific and affect gene regulation and 3D genome organization1–3. Understanding their relationships rests on identifying the molecular constituents of subnuclear structures and mapping their associations with specific genomic loci and transcriptional levels in individual cells, all in complex tissues. Here, we introduce two-layer DNA seqFISH+, which enables simultaneous mapping of 100,049 genomic loci, together with the nascent transcriptome for 17,856 genes and subnuclear structures in single cells. These data enable imaging-based chromatin profiling of diverse subnuclear markers and can capture their changes at genomic scales ranging from 100–200 kilobases to approximately 1 megabase, depending on the marker and DNA locus. By using multi-omics datasets in the adult mouse cerebellum, we showed that repressive chromatin regions are more variable by cell type than are active regions across the genome. We also discovered that RNA polymerase II-enriched foci were locally associated with long, cell-type-specific genes (bigger than 200 kilobases) in a manner distinct from that of nuclear speckles. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that cell-type-specific regions of heterochromatin marked by histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and histone H4 trimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20me3) are enriched at specific genes and gene clusters, respectively, and shape radial chromosomal positioning and inter-chromosomal interactions in neurons and glial cells. Together, our results provide a single-cell high-resolution multi-omics view of subnuclear structures, associated genomic loci and their effects on gene regulation, directly within complex tissues. A genomic barcoding scheme called two-layer DNA seqFISH+ enables the simultaneous mapping of more than 100,000 loci and has been used to identify cell-type-specific subnuclear compartments in the mouse brain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Takei, Yodai and Yang, Yujing and White, Jonathan and Goronzy, Isabel N. and Yun, Jina and Prasad, Meera and Ombelets, Lincoln J. and Schindler, Simone and Bhat, Prashant and Guttman, Mitchell and Cai, Long}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08838-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1037-1047}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial multi-omics reveals cell-type-specific nuclear compartments}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gene-modified pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation. NATURE, 641(8064), 1029-1036. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The shortage of donors is a major challenge for transplantation; however, organs from genetically modified pigs can serve as ideal supplements1,2. Until now, porcine hearts and kidneys have been successively transplanted into humans3–7. In this study, heterotopic auxiliary transplantation was used to donate a six-gene-edited pig liver to a brain-dead recipient. The graft function, haemodynamics, and immune and inflammatory responses of the recipient were monitored over the subsequent 10 days. Two hours after portal vein reperfusion of the xenograft, goldish bile was produced, increasing to 66.5 ml by postoperative day 10. Porcine liver-derived albumin also increased after surgery. Alanine aminotransferase levels remained in the normal range, while aspartate aminotransferase levels increased on postoperative day 1 and then rapidly declined. Blood flow velocity in the porcine hepatic artery and portal and hepatic veins remained at an acceptable level. Although platelet numbers decreased early after surgery, they ultimately returned to normal levels. Histological analyses showed that the porcine liver regenerated capably with no signs of rejection. T cell activity was inhibited by anti-thymocyte globulin administration, and B cell activation increased 3 days after surgery and was then inhibited by rituximab. There were no significant peri-operative changes in immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M levels. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were initially elevated and then quickly declined. The xenograft remained functional until study completion. A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tao, Kai-Shan and Yang, Zhao-Xu and Zhang, Xuan and Zhang, Hong-Tao and Yue, Shu-Qiang and Yang, Yan-Ling and Song, Wen-Jie and Wang, De-Sheng and Liu, Zheng-Cai and Li, Hai-Min and Chen, Yong and Ding, Rui and Sun, Shi-Ren and Yu, Ming and Li, Ji-Peng and Duan, Wei-Xun and Wang, Zhe and Wang, Jing-Wen and Liu, Jia-Yun and Zheng, Min-Wen and Zhang, Xi-Jing and Yin, Wen and Qin, Wei-Jun and Bian, Dong-Mei and Li, Lin and Li, Min and Lin, Zhi-Bin and Xu, Hao and Wei, Dan and Zhang, Hong and Duan, Juan-Li and Pan, Deng-Ke and Dong, Hai-Long and Wang, Lin and Dou, Ke-Feng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08799-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1029-1036}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gene-modified pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). BMAL1–HIF2A heterodimer modulates circadian variations of myocardial injury. NATURE, 641(8064), 1017-1028. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1. Clinical studies have shown that the severity of cardiac injury after myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian pattern, with larger infarcts and poorer outcomes in patients experiencing morning-onset events2–7. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these diurnal variations remain unclear. Here we show that the core circadian transcription factor BMAL17–11 regulates circadian-dependent myocardial injury by forming a transcriptionally active heterodimer with a non-canonical partner—hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A)12–16—in a diurnal manner. To substantiate this finding, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the BMAL1–HIF2A–DNA complex, revealing structural rearrangements within BMAL1 that enable cross-talk between circadian rhythms and hypoxia signalling. BMAL1 modulates the circadian hypoxic response by enhancing the transcriptional activity of HIF2A and stabilizing the HIF2A protein. We further identified amphiregulin (AREG)16,17 as a rhythmic target of the BMAL1–HIF2A complex, critical for regulating daytime variations of myocardial injury. Pharmacologically targeting the BMAL1–HIF2A–AREG pathway provides cardioprotection, with maximum efficacy when aligned with the pathway’s circadian phase. These findings identify a mechanism governing circadian variations of myocardial injury and highlight the therapeutic potential of clock-based pharmacological interventions for treating ischaemic heart disease. The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates circadian-dependent myocardial injury.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ruan, Wei and Li, Tao and Bang, In Hyuk and Lee, Jaewoong and Deng, Wankun and Ma, Xinxin and Luo, Cong and Du, Fang and Yoo, Seung-Hee and Kim, Boyun and Li, Jiwen and Yuan, Xiaoyi and Figarella, Katherine and An, Yu A. and Wang, Yin-Ying and Liang, Yafen and DeBerge, Matthew and Zhang, Dongze and Zhou, Zhen and Wang, Yanyu and Gorham, Joshua M. and Seidman, Jonathan G. and Seidman, Christine E. and Aranki, Sary F. and Nair, Ragini and Li, Lei and Narula, Jagat and Zhao, Zhongming and Gorfe, Alemayehu A. and Muehlschlegel, Jochen D. and Tsai, Kuang-Lei and Eltzschig, Holger K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08898-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1017-1028}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {BMAL1–HIF2A heterodimer modulates circadian variations of myocardial injury}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Macrophages harness hepatocyte glutamate to boost liver regeneration. NATURE, 641(8064), 1005-1016. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Liver regeneration after hepatectomy follows accurate coordination with the body’s specific requirements1–3. However, the molecular mechanisms, factors and particular hepatocyte population influencing its efficiency remain unclear. Here we report on a unique regeneration mechanism involving unconventional RPB5 prefoldin interactor 1 (URI1), which exclusively colocalizes with, binds to and activates glutamine synthase (GS) in pericentral hepatocytes. Genetic GS or URI1 depletion in mouse pericentral hepatocytes increases circulating glutamate levels, accelerating liver regeneration after two-third hepatectomy. Conversely, mouse hepatocytic URI1 overexpression hinders liver restoration, which can be reversed by elevating glutamate through supplementation or genetic GS depletion. Glutamate metabolically reprograms bone-marrow-derived macrophages, stabilizing HIF1α, which transcriptionally activates WNT3 to promote YAP1-dependent hepatocyte proliferation, boosting liver regeneration. GS regulation by URI1 is a mechanism that maintains optimal glutamate levels, probably to spatiotemporally fine-tune liver growth in accordance with the body’s homeostasis and nutrient supply. Accordingly, in acute and chronic injury models, including in cirrhotic mice with low glutamate levels and in early mortality after liver resection, as well as in mice undergoing 90% hepatectomy, glutamate addition enhances hepatocyte proliferation and survival. Furthermore, URI1 and GS expression co-localize in human hepatocytes and correlate with WNT3 in immune cells across liver disease stages. Glutamate supplementation may therefore support liver regeneration, benefiting patients awaiting transplants or recovering from hepatectomy. Glutamate metabolically reprograms bone-marrow-derived macrophages, stabilizing HIF1α, which transcriptionally activates WNT3 to promote YAP1-dependent hepatocyte proliferation, boosting liver regeneration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rigual, María del Mar and Angulo-Aguado, Mariana and Zagorac, Sladjana and Álvarez-Díaz, Ruth and Benítez-Mondéjar, Marta and Yi, Fengming and Martínez-Garay, Carlos and Santos-de-Frutos, Karla and Kim, Eunjeong and Campos-Olivas, Ramón and Djouder, Nabil}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08778-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {1005-1016}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Macrophages harness hepatocyte glutamate to boost liver regeneration}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Histological signatures map anti-fibrotic factors in mouse and human lungs. NATURE, 641(8064), 993-1004. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fibrosis, the replacement of healthy tissue with collagen-rich matrix, can occur following injury in almost every organ1,2. Mouse lungs follow a stereotyped sequence of fibrogenesis-to-resolution after bleomycin injury3, and we reasoned that profiling post-injury histological stages could uncover pro-fibrotic versus anti-fibrotic features with functional value for human fibrosis. Here we quantified spatiotemporally resolved matrix transformations for integration with multi-omic data. First, we charted stepwise trajectories of matrix aberration versus resolution, derived from a high-dimensional set of histological fibre features, that denoted a reversible transition in uniform-to-disordered histological architecture. Single-cell sequencing along these trajectories identified temporally enriched ‘ECM-secreting’ (Csmd1-expressing) and ‘pro-resolving’ (Cd248-expressing) fibroblasts at the respective post-injury stages. Visium-based spatial analysis further suggested divergent matrix architectures and spatial–transcriptional neighbourhoods by fibroblast subtype, identifying distinct fibrotic versus non-fibrotic biomolecular milieu. Critically, pro-resolving fibroblast instillation helped to ameliorate fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, the fibroblast neighbourhood-associated factors SERPINE2 and PI16 functionally modulated human lung fibrosis ex vivo. Spatial phenotyping of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at protein level additionally uncovered analogous fibroblast subtypes and neighbourhoods in human disease. Collectively, these findings establish an atlas of pro- and anti-fibrotic factors that underlie lung matrix architecture and implicate fibroblast-associated biological features in modulating fibrotic progression versus resolution. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of cells and matrix along the fibrotic trajectory in mouse lung identified PI16 as an anti-fibrotic factor with potential for therapeutic application in humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Jason L. and Griffin, Michelle and Yoon, Jung-Ki and Lopez, David M. and Zhu, Yili and Lu, John M. and Mikos, Georgios and Parker, Jennifer B. L. and Mascharak, Shamik and Brenac, Camille and Guardino, Nicholas J. and Abbas, Darren B. and Li, Dayan J. and Valencia, Caleb and Liang, Norah E. and Januszyk, Michael and Chang, Howard Y. and Wan, Derrick C. and Desai, Tushar J. and Longaker, Michael T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08727-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {993-1004}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Histological signatures map anti-fibrotic factors in mouse and human lungs}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Re-adenylation by TENT5A enhances efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. NATURE, 641(8064), 984-992. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the widespread use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, little is known about the metabolism of therapeutic RNAs. Here we use nanopore sequencing1–3 to analyse individual therapeutic mRNA molecules, focusing on their poly(A) tails. We show that the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine4 has a poly(A) tail of around 100 nucleotides, followed by an mΨCmΨAG sequence. In cell lines, mRNA-1273 undergoes rapid degradation initiated by mΨCmΨAG removal, followed by CCR4–NOT-mediated deadenylation. However, in medically relevant preclinical models, particularly in macrophages, mRNA-1273 poly(A) tails are extended to up to 200 nucleotides by the TENT5A poly(A) polymerase5–7, which is induced by the vaccine. Re-adenylation, which stabilizes target mRNAs, is consistently observed in synthetic mRNAs that encode proteins targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, such as ovalbumin or antigens from Zika virus8 or the malaria parasite9. The extent of re-adenylation varies: the BioNTech–Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine10 shows less potent re-adenylation than mRNA-1273, which correlates with a smaller proportion of membrane-associated BNT162b2. This highlights the crucial role of spatial accessibility to ER-resident TENT5A in determining re-adenylation efficiency. In vivo, TENT5A is expressed in immune cells that take up mRNA vaccine, and TENT5A deficiency reduces specific immunoglobulin production for mRNA vaccines after immunization in mice. Overall, our findings reveal a principle for enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic mRNAs, paving the way for improvement. Upon intramuscular administration, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are primarily taken up by macrophages, in which the cellular machinery extends their poly(A) tails, thereby increasing mRNA stability and translation, providing an explanation for the efficacy of these vaccines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Krawczyk, Paweł S. and Mazur, Michał and Orzeł, Wiktoria and Gewartowska, Olga and Jeleń, Sebastian and Antczak, Wiktor and Kasztelan, Karolina and Brouze, Aleksandra and Matylla-Kulińska, Katarzyna and Gumińska, Natalia and Tarkowski, Bartosz and Owczarek, Ewelina P. and Affek, Kamila and Turowski, Paweł and Tudek, Agnieszka and Sroka, Małgorzata and Śpiewla, Tomasz and Kusio-Kobiałka, Monika and Wesołowska, Aleksandra and Nowis, Dominika and Golab, Jakub and Kowalska, Joanna and Jemielity, Jacek and Dziembowski, Andrzej and Mroczek, Seweryn}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08842-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {984-992}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Re-adenylation by TENT5A enhances efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Phase i trial of hES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons for parkinson’s disease. NATURE, 641(8064), 978-983. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with a considerable health and economic burden1. It is characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and a diminished response to symptomatic medical or surgical therapy as the disease progresses2. Cell therapy aims to replenish lost dopaminergic neurons and their striatal projections by intrastriatal grafting. Here, we report the results of an open-label phase I clinical trial (NCT04802733) of an investigational cryopreserved, off-the-shelf dopaminergic neuron progenitor cell product (bemdaneprocel) derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells and grafted bilaterally into the putamen of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Twelve patients were enrolled sequentially in two cohorts—a low-dose (0.9 million cells, n = 5) and a high-dose (2.7 million cells, n = 7) cohort—and all of the participants received one year of immunosuppression. The trial achieved its primary objectives of safety and tolerability one year after transplantation, with no adverse events related to the cell product. At 18 months after grafting, putaminal 18Fluoro-DOPA positron emission tomography uptake increased, indicating graft survival. Secondary and exploratory clinical outcomes showed improvement or stability, including improvement in the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III OFF scores by an average of 23 points in the high-dose cohort. There were no graft-induced dyskinesias. These data demonstrate safety and support future definitive clinical studies. Bilateral grafts of cryopreserved human embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neuron progenitor cells into the putamen of patients with Parkinson’s disease in a phase I clinical trial showed safety, improvements in off-drug motor function and graft survival at 18 months after transplant.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tabar, V. and Sarva, H. and Lozano, A. M. and Fasano, A. and Kalia, S. K. and Yu, K. K. H. and Brennan, C. and Ma, Y. and Peng, S. and Eidelberg, D. and Tomishima, M. and Irion, S. and Stemple, W. and Abid, N. and Lampron, A. and Studer, L. and Henchcliffe, C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08845-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {978-983}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Phase i trial of hES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons for parkinson’s disease}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Phase I/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for parkinson’s disease. NATURE, 641(8064), 971-977. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Parkinson’s disease is caused by the loss of dopamine neurons, causing motor symptoms. Initial cell therapies using fetal tissues showed promise but had complications and ethical concerns1–5. Pluripotent stem (PS) cells emerged as a promising alternative for developing safe and effective treatments6. In this phase I/II trial at Kyoto University Hospital, seven patients (ages 50–69) received bilateral transplantation of dopaminergic progenitors derived from induced PS (iPS) cells. Primary outcomes focused on safety and adverse events, while secondary outcomes assessed motor symptom changes and dopamine production for 24 months. There were no serious adverse events, with 73 mild to moderate events. Patients’ anti-parkinsonian medication doses were maintained unless therapeutic adjustments were required, resulting in increased dyskinesia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no graft overgrowth. Among six patients subjected to efficacy evaluation, four showed improvements in the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III OFF score, and five showed improvements in the ON scores. The average changes of all six patients were 9.5 (20.4%) and 4.3 points (35.7%) for the OFF and ON scores, respectively. Hoehn–Yahr stages improved in four patients. Fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) influx rate constant (Ki) values in the putamen increased by 44.7%, with higher increases in the high-dose group. Other measures showed minimal changes. This trial (jRCT2090220384) demonstrated that allogeneic iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors survived, produced dopamine and did not form tumours, therefore suggesting safety and potential clinical benefits for Parkinson’s disease. After transplantation into the brain of patients with Parkinson’s disease, allogeneic dopaminergic progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells survived, produced dopamine and did not form tumours, therefore suggesting safety and potential clinical benefits for Parkinson’s disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sawamoto, Nobukatsu and Doi, Daisuke and Nakanishi, Etsuro and Sawamura, Masanori and Kikuchi, Takayuki and Yamakado, Hodaka and Taruno, Yosuke and Shima, Atsushi and Fushimi, Yasutaka and Okada, Tomohisa and Kikuchi, Tetsuhiro and Morizane, Asuka and Hiramatsu, Satoe and Anazawa, Takayuki and Shindo, Takero and Ueno, Kentaro and Morita, Satoshi and Arakawa, Yoshiki and Nakamoto, Yuji and Miyamoto, Susumu and Takahashi, Ryosuke and Takahashi, Jun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08700-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {971-977}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Phase I/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for parkinson’s disease}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rapid emergence of latent knowledge in the sensory cortex drives learning. NATURE, 641(8064), 960-970. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rapid learning confers significant advantages on animals in ecological environments. Despite the need for speed, animals appear to only slowly learn to associate rewarded actions with predictive cues1–4. This slow learning is thought to be supported by gradual changes to cue representation in the sensory cortex2,5. However, evidence is growing that animals learn more rapidly than classical performance measures suggest6,7, challenging the prevailing model of sensory cortical plasticity. Here we investigated the relationship between learning and sensory cortical representations. We trained mice on an auditory go/no-go task that dissociated the rapid acquisition of task contingencies (learning) from its slower expression (performance)7. Optogenetic silencing demonstrated that the auditory cortex drives both rapid learning and slower performance gains but becomes dispensable once mice achieve ‘expert’ performance. Instead of enhanced cue representations8, two-photon calcium imaging of auditory cortical neurons throughout learning revealed two higher-order signals that were causal to learning and performance. A reward-prediction signal emerged rapidly within tens of trials, was present after action-related errors early in training, and faded in expert mice. Silencing at the time of this signal impaired rapid learning, suggesting that it serves an associative role. A distinct cell ensemble encoded and controlled licking suppression that drove slower performance improvements. These ensembles were spatially clustered but uncoupled from sensory representations, indicating higher-order functional segregation within auditory cortex. Our results reveal that the sensory cortex manifests higher-order computations that separably drive rapid learning and slower performance improvements, reshaping our understanding of the fundamental role of the sensory cortex. In mice, learning and performance on an auditory task is driven by higher-order signals in the auditory cortex that are no longer required when the mouse has achieved expert-level performance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Drieu, Céline and Zhu, Ziyi and Wang, Ziyun and Fuller, Kylie and Wang, Aaron and Elnozahy, Sarah and Kuchibhotla, Kishore}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08730-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {960-970}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rapid emergence of latent knowledge in the sensory cortex drives learning}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A prospective code for value in the serotonin system. NATURE, 641(8064), 952-959. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The in vivo responses of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons to emotionally salient stimuli are a puzzle1. Existing theories centring on reward2, surprise3, salience4 and uncertainty5 individually account for some aspects of serotonergic activity but not others. Merging ideas from reinforcement learning theory6 with recent insights into the filtering properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus7, here we find a unifying perspective in a prospective code for value. This biological code for near-future reward explains why serotonin neurons are activated by both rewards and punishments3,4,8–13, and why these neurons are more strongly activated by surprising rewards but have no such surprise preference for punishments3,9—observations that previous theories have failed to reconcile. Finally, our model quantitatively predicts in vivo population activity better than previous theories. By reconciling previous theories and establishing a precise connection with reinforcement learning, our work represents an important step towards understanding the role of serotonin in learning and behaviour. Merging ideas from reinforcement learning theory with recent insights into the filtering properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus, a unifying perspective is found explaining why serotonin neurons are activated by both rewards and punishments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Harkin, Emerson F. and Grossman, Cooper D. and Cohen, Jeremiah Y. and Béïque, Jean-Claude and Naud, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08731-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {952-959}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A prospective code for value in the serotonin system}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cold memories control whole-body thermoregulatory responses. NATURE, 641(8064), 942-951. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Environmental thermal challenges trigger the brain to coordinate both autonomic and behavioural responses to maintain optimal body temperature1–4. It is unknown how temperature information is precisely stored and retrieved in the brain and how it is converted into a physiological response. Here we investigated whether memories could control whole-body metabolism by training mice to remember a thermal challenge. Mice were conditioned to associate a context with a specific temperature by combining thermoregulatory Pavlovian conditioning with engram-labelling technology, optogenetics and chemogenetics. We report that if mice are returned to an environment in which they previously experienced a 4 °C cold challenge, they increase their metabolic rates regardless of the actual environmental temperature. Furthermore, we show that mice have increased hypothalamic activity when they are exposed to the cold, and that a specific network emerges between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus during the recall of a cold memory. Both natural retrieval and artificial reactivation of cold-sensitive memory engrams in the hippocampus mimic the physiological responses that are seen during a cold challenge. These ensembles are necessary for cold-memory retrieval. These findings show that retrieval of a cold memory causes whole-body autonomic and behavioural responses that enable mice to maintain thermal homeostasis. Cold-sensitive engrams contribute to learned thermoregulation in mice that are returned to an environment in which they previously experienced a cold challenge, through a network formed between the hippocampus and hypothalamus that enables the recall of cold-related memories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Muñoz Zamora, Andrea and Douglas, Aaron and Conway, Paul B. and Urrieta, Esteban and Moniz, Taylor and O’Leary, James D. and Marks, Lydia and Denny, Christine A. and Ortega-de San Luis, Clara and Lynch, Lydia and Ryan, Tomás J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08902-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {942-951}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cold memories control whole-body thermoregulatory responses}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatially resolved mapping of cells associated with human complex traits. NATURE, 641(8064), 932-941. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Depicting spatial distributions of disease-relevant cells is crucial for understanding disease pathology1,2. Here we present genetically informed spatial mapping of cells for complex traits (gsMap), a method that integrates spatial transcriptomics data with summary statistics from genome-wide association studies to map cells to human complex traits, including diseases, in a spatially resolved manner. Using embryonic spatial transcriptomics datasets covering 25 organs, we benchmarked gsMap through simulation and by corroborating known trait-associated cells or regions in various organs. Applying gsMap to brain spatial transcriptomics data, we reveal that the spatial distribution of glutamatergic neurons associated with schizophrenia more closely resembles that for cognitive traits than that for mood traits such as depression. The schizophrenia-associated glutamatergic neurons were distributed near the dorsal hippocampus, with upregulated expression of calcium signalling and regulation genes, whereas depression-associated glutamatergic neurons were distributed near the deep medial prefrontal cortex, with upregulated expression of neuroplasticity and psychiatric drug target genes. Our study provides a method for spatially resolved mapping of trait-associated cells and demonstrates the gain of biological insights (such as the spatial distribution of trait-relevant cells and related signature genes) through these maps. Integration of spatial transcriptomics data with data from genome-wide association studies enables spatially resolved mapping of cells associated with human diseases and other complex traits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Liyang and Chen, Wenhao and Hou, Junren and Guo, Minmin and Yang, Jian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08757-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {932-941}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatially resolved mapping of cells associated with human complex traits}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High continuity of forager ancestry in the neolithic period of the eastern maghreb. NATURE, 641(8064), 925-931. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ancient DNA from the Mediterranean region has revealed long-range connections and population transformations associated with the spread of food-producing economies1–6. However, in contrast to Europe, genetic data from this key transition in northern Africa are limited, and have only been available from the far western Maghreb (Morocco)1–3. Here we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age through the Neolithic period from Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (around 15,000–7,600 years before present (bp)), showing that this ‘Maghrebi’ ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to around 8,000 years bp, harboured ancestry from European hunter–gatherers, probably reflecting movement in the Early Holocene across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry, together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by around 7,000 years bp) and Levantine groups (by around 6,800 years bp), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean. Ancient DNA from the eastern Maghreb (Tunisia and Algeria) dating between 15,000 and 6,000 years ago shows that this region was far less affected by external gene flow than the rest of the Neolithic Mediterranean, including not only Europe but also the western Maghreb (Morocco).}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lipson, Mark and Ringbauer, Harald and Lucarini, Giulio and Aouadi, Nabiha and Aoudia, Louiza and Belhouchet, Lotfi and Cheronet, Olivia and Dahmani, Ariane-Rym and Genchi, Francesco and La Pastina, Francesco and Lucci, Michaela and de Lumley, Henry and Mansouri, Nabila and Nava, Alessia and Touj, Fatma and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Coppa, Alfredo and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08699-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {925-931}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High continuity of forager ancestry in the neolithic period of the eastern maghreb}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global impoverishment of natural vegetation revealed by dark diversity. NATURE, 641(8064), 917-924. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Anthropogenic biodiversity decline threatens the functioning of ecosystems and the many benefits they provide to humanity1. As well as causing species losses in directly affected locations, human influence might also reduce biodiversity in relatively unmodified vegetation if far-reaching anthropogenic effects trigger local extinctions and hinder recolonization. Here we show that local plant diversity is globally negatively related to the level of anthropogenic activity in the surrounding region. Impoverishment of natural vegetation was evident only when we considered community completeness: the proportion of all suitable species in the region that are present at a site. To estimate community completeness, we compared the number of recorded species with the dark diversity—ecologically suitable species that are absent from a site but present in the surrounding region2. In the sampled regions with a minimal human footprint index, an average of 35% of suitable plant species were present locally, compared with less than 20% in highly affected regions. Besides having the potential to uncover overlooked threats to biodiversity, dark diversity also provides guidance for nature conservation. Species in the dark diversity remain regionally present, and their local populations might be restored through measures that improve connectivity between natural vegetation fragments and reduce threats to population persistence. A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pärtel, Meelis and Tamme, Riin and Carmona, Carlos P. and Riibak, Kersti and Moora, Mari and Bennett, Jonathan A. and Chiarucci, Alessandro and Chytrý, Milan and de Bello, Francesco and Eriksson, Ove and Harrison, Susan and Lewis, Robert John and Moles, Angela T. and Öpik, Maarja and Price, Jodi N. and Amputu, Vistorina and Askarizadeh, Diana and Atashgahi, Zohreh and Aubin, Isabelle and Azcárate, Francisco M. and Barrett, Matthew D. and Bashirzadeh, Maral and Bátori, Zoltán and Beenaerts, Natalie and Bergholz, Kolja and Birkeli, Kristine and Biurrun, Idoia and Blanco-Moreno, José M. and Bloodworth, Kathryn J. and Boisvert-Marsh, Laura and Boldgiv, Bazartseren and Brancalion, Pedro H. S. and Brearley, Francis Q. and Brown, Charlotte and Bueno, C. Guillermo and Buffa, Gabriella and Cahill, James F. and Campos, Juan A. and Cangelmi, Giacomo and Carbognani, Michele and Carcaillet, Christopher and Cerabolini, Bruno E. L. and Chevalier, Richard and Clavel, Jan S. and Costa, José M. and Cousins, Sara A. O. and Čuda, Jan and Dairel, Mariana and Dalle Fratte, Michele and Danilova, Alena and Davison, John and Deák, Balázs and Del Vecchio, Silvia and Dembicz, Iwona and Dengler, Jürgen and Dolezal, Jiri and Domene, Xavier and Dvorsky, Miroslav and Ejtehadi, Hamid and Enrico, Lucas and Epikhin, Dmitrii and Eskelinen, Anu and Essl, Franz and Fan, Gaohua and Fantinato, Edy and Fazlioglu, Fatih and Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo and Ferrara, Arianna and Fidelis, Alessandra and Fischer, Markus and Flagmeier, Maren and Forte, T’ai G. W. and Fraser, Lauchlan H. and Fujinuma, Junichi and Furquim, Fernando F. and Garris, Berle and Garris, Heath W. and Giorgis, Melisa A. and Giusso del Galdo, Gianpietro and González-Robles, Ana and Good, Megan K. and Guardiola, Moisès and Guarino, Riccardo and Guerrero, Irene and Guillemot, Joannès and Güler, Behlül and Guo, Yinjie and Haesen, Stef and Hejda, Martin and Heleno, Ruben H. and Høye, Toke T. and Hrivnák, Richard and Huang, Yingxin and Hunter, John T. and Iakushenko, Dmytro and Ibáñez, Ricardo and Ingerpuu, Nele and Irl, Severin D. H. and Janíková, Eva and Jansen, Florian and Jeltsch, Florian and Jentsch, Anke and Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja and Jõks, Madli and Jouri, Mohammad H. and Karami, Sahar and Katal, Negin and Kelemen, András and Khairullin, Bulat I. and Khuroo, Anzar A. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Konečná, Marie and Kook, Ene and Korell, Lotte and Koroleva, Natalia and Korznikov, Kirill A. and Kozhevnikova, Maria V. and Kozub, Łukasz and Laanisto, Lauri and Lager, Helena and Lanta, Vojtech and Lasagno, Romina G. and Lembrechts, Jonas J. and Li, Liping and Lisner, Aleš and Liu, Houjia and Liu, Kun and Liu, Xuhe and Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban and Ludewig, Kristin and Lukács, Katalin and Luther-Mosebach, Jona and Macek, Petr and Marignani, Michela and Michalet, Richard and Miglécz, Tamás and Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold and Moeys, Karlien and Montesinos, Daniel and Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo and Moysiyenko, Ivan and Mucina, Ladislav and Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam and Murillo, Raytha A. and Nambahu, Sylvia M. and Neuenkamp, Lena and Normand, Signe and Nowak, Arkadiusz and Nuche, Paloma and Oja, Tatjana and Onipchenko, Vladimir G. and Pachedjieva, Kalina L. and Paganeli, Bruno and Peco, Begoña and Peralta, Ana M. L. and Pérez-Haase, Aaron and Peri, Pablo L. and Petraglia, Alessandro and Peyre, Gwendolyn and Plaza-Álvarez, Pedro Antonio and Plue, Jan and Prentice, Honor C. and Prokhorov, Vadim E. and Radujković, Dajana and Rahmanian, Soroor and Reitalu, Triin and Ristow, Michael and Robin, Agnès A. and Robles, Ana Belén and Rodríguez Ginart, Daniel A. and Román, Raúl and Roos, Ruben E. and Rosati, Leonardo and Sádlo, Jiří and Salimbayeva, Karina and Sánchez de Dios, Rut and Sanchir, Khaliun and Sattler, Cornelia and Scasta, John D. and Schmiedel, Ute and Schrader, Julian and Schultz, Nick L. and Sellan, Giacomo and Serra-Diaz, Josep M. and Silan, Giulia and Skálová, Hana and Skobel, Nadiia and Sonkoly, Judit and Štajerová, Kateřina and Svitková, Ivana and Świerszcz, Sebastian and Tanentzap, Andrew J. and Tanentzap, Fallon M. and Tarifa, Rubén and Tejero, Pablo and Tekeev, Dzhamal K. and Tholin, Michael and Thormodsæter, Ruben S. and Tian, Yichen and Tokaryuk, Alla and Tölgyesi, Csaba and Tomaselli, Marcello and Tordoni, Enrico and Török, Péter and Tóthmérész, Béla and Toussaint, Aurèle and Touzard, Blaise and Trindade, Diego P. F. and Tsakalos, James L. and Türkiş, Sevda and Valencia, Enrique and Valerio, Mercedes and Valkó, Orsolya and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad and Vandvik, Vigdis and Villellas, Jesus and Virtanen, Risto and Vítková, Michaela and Vojík, Martin and von Hessberg, Andreas and von Oppen, Jonathan and Wagner, Viktoria and Wan, Ji-Zhong and Wang, Chun-Jing and Wani, Sajad A. and Weiss, Lina and Wevill, Tricia and Xiao, Sa and Zárate Martínez, Oscar and Zobel, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08814-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {917-924}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global impoverishment of natural vegetation revealed by dark diversity}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries. NATURE, 641(8064), 910-916. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The pressures humanity has been placing on the environment have put Earth’s stability at risk. The planetary boundaries framework serves as a method to define a ‘safe operating space for humanity’1,2 and has so far been applied mostly to highlight the currently prevailing unsustainable environmental conditions. The ability to evaluate trends over time, however, can help us explore the consequences of alternative policy decisions and identify pathways for living within planetary boundaries3. Here we use the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment4 to project control variables for eight out of nine planetary boundaries under alternative scenarios to 2050, both with and without strong environmental policy measures. The results show that, with current trends and policies, the situation is projected to worsen to 2050 for all planetary boundaries, except for ozone depletion. Targeted interventions, such as implementing the Paris climate agreement, a shift to a healthier diet, improved food, and water- and nutrient-use efficiency, can effectively reduce the degree of transgression of the planetary boundaries, steering humanity towards a more sustainable trajectory (that is, if they can be implemented based on social and institutional feasibility considerations). However, even in this scenario, several planetary boundaries, including climate change, biogeochemical flows and biodiversity, will remain transgressed in 2050, partly as result of inertia. This means that more-effective policy measures will be needed to ensure we are living well within the planetary boundaries. Current trends imply that we will transgress most of the planetary boundaries by 2050; however, ambitious, urgent and universal action to ameliorate climate change and increase resource efficiency can effectively reduce the degree of transgression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Doelman, Jonathan C. and Schmidt Tagomori, Isabela and Beusen, Arthur H. W. and Cornell, Sarah E. and Röckstrom, Johan and Schipper, Aafke M. and Stehfest, Elke and Ambrosio, Geanderson and van den Berg, Maarten and Bouwman, Lex and Daioglou, Vassilis and Harmsen, Mathijs and Lucas, Paul and van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar and van Zeist, Willem-Jan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08928-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {910-916}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultrahigh-pressure crystallographic passage towards metallic hydrogen. NATURE, 641(8064), 904-909. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The structural evolution of molecular hydrogen H2 under multi-megabar compression and its relation to atomic metallic hydrogen is a key unsolved problem in condensed-matter physics. Although dozens of crystal structures have been proposed by theory1–4, only one, the simple hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure of only spherical disordered H2, has been previously confirmed in experiments5. Through advancing nano-focused synchrotron X-ray probes, here we report the observation of the transition from hcp H2 to a post-hcp structure with a six-fold larger supercell at pressures above 212 GPa, indicating the change of spherical H2 to various ordered configurations. Theoretical calculations based on our XRD results found a time-averaged structure model in the space group $$P\bar{6}2c$$ with alternating layers of spherically disordered H2 and new graphene-like layers consisting of H2 trimers (H6) formed by the association of three H2 molecules. This supercell has not been reported by any previous theoretical study for the post-hcp phase, but is close to a number of theoretical models with mixed-layer structures. The evidence of a structural transition beyond hcp establishes the trend of H2 molecular association towards polymerization at extreme pressures, giving clues about the nature of the molecular-to-atomic transition of metallic hydrogen. Considering the spectroscopic behaviours that show strong vibrational and bending peaks of H2 up to 400 GPa, it would be prudent to speculate the continuation of hydrogen molecular polymerization up to its metallization. The observation of the transition from hcp H2 to a post-hcp structure with a six-fold larger supercell at pressures above 212 GPa is reported, indicating the trend of H2 polymerization through molecular association.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ji, Cheng and Li, Bing and Luo, Jie and Zhao, Yongsheng and Liu, Yuan and Glazyrin, Konstantin and Björling, Alexander and Marçal, Lucas A. B. and Kahnt, Maik and Kalbfleisch, Sebastian and Liu, Wenjun and Gao, Yang and Wang, Junyue and Mao, Wendy L. and Liu, Hanyu and Ma, Yanming and Ding, Yang and Yang, Wenge and Mao, Ho-Kwang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08936-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {904-909}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultrahigh-pressure crystallographic passage towards metallic hydrogen}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unconventional domain tessellations in moiré-of-moiré lattices. NATURE, 641(8064), 896-903. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Imposing incommensurable periodicity on the periodic atomic lattice can lead to complex structural phases consisting of locally periodic structure bounded by topological defects1–8. Twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) is an ideal material platform to study the interplay between different atomic periodicities, which can be tuned by twist angles between the layers, leading to moiré-of-moiré lattices9–26. Interlayer and intralayer interactions between two interfaces in TTG transform this moiré-of-moiré lattice into an intricate network of domain structures at small twist angles, which can harbour exotic electronic behaviours9–26. Here we report a complete structural phase diagram of TTG with atomic-scale lattice reconstruction. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with a new interatomic potential simulation27,28, we show several large-scale moiré lattices, including triangular, kagome and a corner-shared hexagram-shaped domain pattern. Each domain is bounded by a 2D network of domain-wall lattices. In the limit of small twist angles, two competing structural orders—rhombohedral and Bernal stackings—with a slight energy difference cause unconventional lattice reconstruction with spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and nematic instability, highlighting the importance of long-range interlayer interactions across entire van der Waals layers. The diverse tessellation of distinct domains, whose topological network can be tuned by the adjustment of the twist angles, establishes TTG as a platform for exploring the interplay between emerging quantum properties and controllable nontrivial lattices. Examination of a complete structural phase diagram of twisted trilayer graphene shows that several large-scale moiré domain lattices can be formed, the physical properties of which can be tuned by the twist angles between layers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, Daesung and Park, Changwon and Yananose, Kunihiro and Ko, Eunjung and Kim, Byunghyun and Engelke, Rebecca and Zhang, Xi and Davydov, Konstantin and Green, Matthew and Kim, Hyun-Mi and Park, Sang Hwa and Lee, Jae Heon and Kim, Seul-Gi and Kim, Hyeongkeun and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Yang, Sang Mo and Wang, Ke and Kim, Philip and Son, Young-Woo and Yoo, Hyobin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08932-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {896-903}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unconventional domain tessellations in moiré-of-moiré lattices}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of edge and bulk states in a three-site kitaev chain. NATURE, 641(8064), 890-895. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A chain of quantum dots (QDs) in semiconductor–superconductor hybrid systems can form an artificial Kitaev chain hosting Majorana bound states (MBSs)1–3. These zero-energy states are expected to be localized on the edges of the chain4, at the outermost QDs. The remaining QDs, comprising the bulk, are predicted to host an excitation gap that protects the MBSs at the edges from local on-site perturbations. Here we demonstrate this connection between the bulk and edges in a minimal system, by engineering a three-site Kitaev chain in a two-dimensional electron gas. Through direct tunnelling spectroscopy on each site, we show that the appearance of stable zero-bias conductance peaks at the outer QDs is correlated with the presence of an excitation gap in the middle QD. Furthermore, we show that this gap can be controlled by applying a superconducting phase difference between the two hybrid segments and that the MBSs are robust only when the excitation gap is present. We find a close agreement between experiments and the original Kitaev model, thus confirming key predictions for MBSs in a three-site chain. An artificial Kitaev chain is realized by engineering three coupled quantum dots in a two-dimensional electron gas, which enables the manipulation and observation of both the edge and bulk states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {ten Haaf, Sebastiaan L. D. and Zhang, Yining and Wang, Qingzhen and Bordin, Alberto and Liu, Chun-Xiao and Kulesh, Ivan and Sietses, Vincent P. M. and Prosko, Christian G. and Xiao, Di and Thomas, Candice and Manfra, Michael J. and Wimmer, Michael and Goswami, Srijit}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08892-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {890-895}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of edge and bulk states in a three-site kitaev chain}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tunable vacuum-field control of fractional and integer quantum hall phases. NATURE, 641(8064), 884-889. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In quantum mechanics, empty space is not void but is characterized by vacuum-field fluctuations, which underlie phenomena such as the Lamb shift1, spontaneous emission, and the Casimir effect2. Due to their quantitatively small relative contributions in free-space atomic physics, they were traditionally overlooked in solid-state systems. Recently, however, the interplay between electronic correlations and quantum electrodynamical effects in low-dimensional systems has become a rapidly advancing area in condensed matter physics3–5, with substantial implications for quantum materials and device engineering. High-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in the quantum Hall regime6 offer an ideal platform to investigate how vacuum electromagnetic fields affect strongly correlated electronic states. Here we demonstrate that adjusting the coupling strength between a two-dimensional electron gas and the vacuum fields of a hovering split-ring resonator leads to a significant reduction in exchange splitting at odd-integer filling factors, along with an enhancement of fractional quantum Hall gaps at filling factors 4/3, 5/3 and 7/5. Theoretical analysis indicates that these effects stem from an effective long-range attractive interaction mediated by virtual cavity photons in regions with strong vacuum electric field gradients. Our findings uncover a new mechanism by which cavity vacuum fields can reshape electronic correlations in quantum Hall systems, establishing a new approach for manipulating correlated quantum phases in low-dimensional materials and paving the way for engineering tailored many-body interactions in compact devices. Using a system to adjust the strength of cavity vacuum fields penetrating a Hall bar, a study describes the effect of the vacuum field of a cavity on electronic correlations in quantum Hall systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Enkner, Josefine and Graziotto, Lorenzo and Boriçi, Dalin and Appugliese, Felice and Reichl, Christian and Scalari, Giacomo and Regnault, Nicolas and Wegscheider, Werner and Ciuti, Cristiano and Faist, Jérôme}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08894-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {884-889}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tunable vacuum-field control of fractional and integer quantum hall phases}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing. NATURE, 641(8064), 876-883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although holding great promise for low noise, ease of operation and networking1, useful photonic quantum computing has been precluded by the need for beyond-state-of-the-art components, manufactured by the millions2–6. Here we introduce a manufacturable platform7 for quantum computing with photons. We benchmark a set of monolithically integrated silicon-photonics-based modules to generate, manipulate, network and detect heralded photonic qubits, demonstrating dual-rail photonic qubits with 99.98% ± 0.01% state preparation and measurement fidelity, Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) quantum interference between independent photon sources with 99.50% ± 0.25% visibility, two-qubit fusion with 99.22% ± 0.12% fidelity and a chip-to-chip qubit interconnect with 99.72% ± 0.04% fidelity, conditional on photon detection and not accounting for loss. We preview a selection of next-generation technologies: low-loss silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides and components to address loss, as well as fabrication-tolerant photon sources, high-efficiency photon-number-resolving detectors (PNRDs), low-loss chip-to-fibre coupling and barium titanate (BTO) electro-optic phase shifters for high-performance fast switching. A manufacturable platform for quantum computing with photons is introduced and a set of monolithically integrated silicon-photonics-based modules is benchmarked, demonstrating dual-rail photonic qubits with performance close to thresholds required for operation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08820-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {876-883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A manufacturable platform for photonic quantum computing}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Proton transport from the antimatter factory of CERN. NATURE, 641(8064), 871-875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Precision measurements using low-energy antiprotons, exclusively available at the antimatter factory (AMF) of CERN1, offer stringent tests of charge–parity–time (CPT) invariance, which is a fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of particle physics2. These tests have been realized, for example, in antiprotonic helium3 and antihydrogen4. In our cryogenic Penning-trap experiments5, we measure the magnetic moments6,7 and charge-to-mass ratios of protons and antiprotons and now provide the most precise test of CPT invariance in the baryon sector8. Our experiments are limited by magnetic field fluctuations imposed by the decelerators in the AMF; therefore, we are advancing the relocation of antiprotons to dedicated precision laboratories. Here we present the successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the AMF using BASE-STEP9—a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments. We transferred the trapped protons from our experimental area at the AMF onto a truck and transported them across the Meyrin site of CERN, demonstrating autonomous operation without external power for 4 h and loss-free proton relocation. We thereby confirm the feasibility of transferring particles into low-noise laboratories in the vicinity of the AMF and of using a power generator on the truck10 to reach laboratories throughout Europe. This marks the potential start of a new era in precision antimatter research, enabling low-noise measurements of antiprotons, the charged antimatter ions $${\bar{{\rm{H}}}}^{+}$$ 11 and $${\bar{{\rm{H}}}}_{2}^{-}$$ (ref. 12), and other accelerator-produced ions, such as hydrogen-like lead or uranium ions13,14. The successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the antimatter factory of CERN using a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leonhardt, M. and Schweitzer, D. and Abbass, F. and Anjum, K. K. and Arndt, B. and Erlewein, S. and Endoh, S. and Geissler, P. and Imamura, T. and Jäger, J. I. and Latacz, B. M. and Micke, P. and Voelksen, F. and Yildiz, H. and Blaum, K. and Devlin, J. A. and Matsuda, Y. and Ospelkaus, C. and Quint, W. and Soter, A. and Walz, J. and Yamazaki, Y. and Ulmer, S. and Smorra, C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08926-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {871-875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Proton transport from the antimatter factory of CERN}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A retrograde planet in a tight binary star system with a white dwarf. NATURE, 641(8064), 866-870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Close-in companion stars are expected to adversely influence the formation and orbital stability of circumstellar (S-type) planets by tidally truncating protoplanetary discs1–4, impeding mutual accretion of planetesimals5–8 and narrowing dynamically stable regions9. This explains the observed dearth of S-type planets in tight binary star systems10–13. ν Octantis, whose stellar components have a mean separation of 2.6 au, has long been suspected of hosting a circum-primary planet in a retrograde and exceptionally wide orbit that resides midway between the stars14–20. Strong theoretical grounds against its formation and the absence of observational precedents, however, have challenged the reality of the planet. Here we present new radial velocity measurements that consolidate the planet hypothesis. Stable fits to all radial velocity data require the planetary orbit to be retrograde and practically coplanar. We also report the critical discovery from adaptive optics imaging that the companion star is a white dwarf. Our exploration of credible primordial binary orbital settings shows that the minimum separation between the stars was 1.3 au initially, which overlaps the current planetary orbit and makes any scenarios in which the circum-primary planetary orbit formed coevally with the young stars hardly conceivable. The retrograde planet must have originated from a circumbinary orbit or a second-generation protoplanetary disc, showing the role of binary stellar evolution in the formation and evolution of planetary systems. A planet in a retrograde orbit around a star with a close-in white dwarf companion reveals the role of binary stellar evolution in the formation and evolution of planets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cheng, Ho Wan and Trifonov, Trifon and Lee, Man Hoi and Cantalloube, Faustine and Reffert, Sabine and Ramm, David and Quirrenbach, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09006-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {866-870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A retrograde planet in a tight binary star system with a white dwarf}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Large gas inflow driven by a matured galactic bar in the early universe. NATURE, 641(8064), 861-865. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bar structures are present in about half of local disk galaxies1 and play pivotal roles in secular galaxy evolution. Bars impose a non-axisymmetric perturbation on the rotating disk and transport gas inwards to feed the central starburst and, possibly, the activity of the nuclear supermassive black hole2. They are believed to be long-lived structures3,4 and are now identified at redshift z > 2 (refs. 5,6). However, little is known about the onset and effects of bars in the early cosmic epoch because the spectroscopy of distant bars at sufficient resolution is prohibitively expensive. Here we report on a kinematic study of a galactic bar at redshift 2.467, 2.6 billion years after the Big Bang. We observed the carbon monoxide and atomic carbon emission lines of the dusty star-forming galaxy J0107a and found the bar of J0107a has gas distribution and motion in a pattern identical to local bars7–9. At the same time, the bar drives large-scale non-circular motions that dominate over disk rotation, funnelling molecular gas into its centre at a rate of approximately 600 solar masses per year. Our results show that bar-driven dynamical processes and secular evolution were already at play 11.1 billion years ago, powering active star formation amid the gas-rich and far-infrared luminous growth phase in a massive disk galaxy. Gas distribution and motion patterns driven by a galactic bar of the J0107a dusty star-forming galaxy have analogues in local bars, indicating that similar processes of active star formation were already operating 11.1 billion years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Shuo and Kawabe, Ryohei and Umehata, Hideki and Kohno, Kotaro and Tamura, Yoichi and Saito, Toshiki}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08914-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {861-865}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Large gas inflow driven by a matured galactic bar in the early universe}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heart-attack outcomes are worse in the morning when activity of protein duo dips. NATURE, 641(8064), 859-860. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A protein pair that influences how damage to cardiac muscle fluctuates with circadian rhythm could be the key to optimizing heart-attack recovery. A protein pair that influences how damage to cardiac muscle fluctuates with circadian rhythm could be the key to optimizing heart-attack recovery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kupai, Ariana and Peek, Clara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01085-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {859-860}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heart-attack outcomes are worse in the morning when activity of protein duo dips}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dying stars give a second wind to exoplanet formation. NATURE, 641(8064), 858-859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The binary star system ν Octantis has long been considered hostile to planet formation. The discovery of a white dwarf in the system offers an alternative view. The binary star system ν Octantis has long been considered hostile to planet formation. The discovery of a white dwarf in the system offers an alternative view.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sullivan, Kendall}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01445-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {858-859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dying stars give a second wind to exoplanet formation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Memories of a cold place trigger bodily responses to warm up. NATURE, 641(8064), 856-858. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neurons involved in forming memories of a cold environment communicate with the part of the brain that regulates metabolic responses to cold stress. Neurons involved in forming memories of a cold environment communicate with the part of the brain that regulates metabolic responses to cold stress.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Toh, Pamela and Rajbhandari, Abha Karki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01132-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {856-858}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Memories of a cold place trigger bodily responses to warm up}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mother–infant bonds in wild chimpanzees resemble those of humans. NATURE, 641(8064), 856. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The observation of bonding behaviours in wild chimpanzees suggests that some aspects of human attachment have a deep evolutionary origin. The observation of bonding behaviours in wild chimpanzees suggests that some aspects of human attachment have a deep evolutionary origin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01557-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {856}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mother–infant bonds in wild chimpanzees resemble those of humans}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does lightning make trees swish?. NATURE, 641(8064), 855. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Noises in nearby greenery heard before a thunderbolt, and the physics of a peculiar echo made by fences in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01558-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {855}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does lightning make trees swish?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Early barred galaxy raises questions about cosmic evolution. NATURE, 641(8064), 854-855. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Observations of a galaxy from an early period of the Universe’s history reveal a bar-shaped structure and gas dynamics thought not to have been possible at that time. Observations of a galaxy from an early period of the Universe’s history reveal a bar-shaped structure and gas dynamics thought not to have been possible at that time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fisher, Deanne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01444-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {854-855}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Early barred galaxy raises questions about cosmic evolution}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clinical trials test the safety of stem-cell therapy for parkinson’s disease. NATURE, 641(8064), 853-854. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Transplanting dopamine-releasing neurons into the brain is a promising regenerative therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Two clinical trials show that it is safe, but more evidence is needed to prove its effectiveness. Transplanting dopamine-releasing neurons into the brain is a promising regenerative therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Two clinical trials show that it is safe, but more evidence is needed to prove its effectiveness.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Okano, Hideyuki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00688-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {853-854}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clinical trials test the safety of stem-cell therapy for parkinson’s disease}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Data resources must be protected from political interference. NATURE, 641(8064), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Kaili}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01601-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Data resources must be protected from political interference}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI bots threaten online scientific infrastructure. NATURE, 641(8064), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Orr, Michael C. and Ascher, John S. and Pickering, John}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01602-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI bots threaten online scientific infrastructure}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI-generated literature reviews threaten scientific progress. NATURE, 641(8064), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cheng, Xusen and Zhang, Lulu}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01603-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI-generated literature reviews threaten scientific progress}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t forget the lessons of the McCarthy era. NATURE, 641(8064), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jacobs, Jeremy W. and Booth, Garrett S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01604-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t forget the lessons of the McCarthy era}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hurricane risk in a changing climate — The role of uncertainty. NATURE, 641(8064), 848-851. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When it comes to modelling how global warming will affect storms hitting the United States, some factors are better understood than others. When it comes to modelling how global warming will affect storms hitting the United States, some factors are better understood than others.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sobel, Adam H. and Emanuel, Kerry A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01552-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {848-851}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hurricane risk in a changing climate — The role of uncertainty}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mighty microbes — The invisible forces that can save the world. NATURE, 641(8064), 845-846. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A call to arms argues that emerging microbial technologies can not only improve planetary health and preserve biodiversity — but also be the cornerstone of a thriving economy. A call to arms argues that emerging microbial technologies can not only improve planetary health and preserve biodiversity — but also be the cornerstone of a thriving economy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peixoto, Raquel S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01551-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {845-846}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mighty microbes — The invisible forces that can save the world}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How ‘organized looting and plunder’ drove britain’s second scientific revolution. NATURE, 641(8064), 843-844. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Manuscripts and specimens accumulated by the colonial East India Company lie at the roots of modern science and museums. Manuscripts and specimens accumulated by the colonial East India Company lie at the roots of modern science and museums.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baber, Zaheer}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01550-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {843-844}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How ‘organized looting and plunder’ drove britain’s second scientific revolution}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who were the ancient denisovans? fossils reveal secrets about the mysterious humans. NATURE, 641(8064), 840-842. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clues are emerging about the ghostly clan that settled eastern Asia and left a genetic legacy in people today. Clues are emerging about the ghostly clan that settled eastern Asia and left a genetic legacy in people today.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marshall, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01549-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {840-842}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who were the ancient denisovans? fossils reveal secrets about the mysterious humans}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are groundbreaking science discoveries becoming harder to find?. NATURE, 641(8064), 836-839. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are arguing over whether ‘disruptive’ or ‘novel’ science is waning – and how to remedy the problem. Researchers are arguing over whether ‘disruptive’ or ‘novel’ science is waning – and how to remedy the problem.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Matthews, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01548-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {836-839}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are groundbreaking science discoveries becoming harder to find?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Migraine drug is first to tackle debilitating early symptoms. NATURE, 641(8064), 834. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Results from a phase III clinical trial suggest that taking ubrogepant at the first sign of an oncoming migraine can prevent pre-headache fatigue and light sensitivity. Results from a phase III clinical trial suggest that taking ubrogepant at the first sign of an oncoming migraine can prevent pre-headache fatigue and light sensitivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schwaller, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01503-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {834}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Migraine drug is first to tackle debilitating early symptoms}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Renewal of NIH grants linked to more innovative results, study finds. NATURE, 641(8064), 833-834. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Survey of hundreds of scientists’ work suggests that cutting off funding disrupts focus and reduces the novelty of research. Survey of hundreds of scientists’ work suggests that cutting off funding disrupts focus and reduces the novelty of research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01420-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {833-834}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Renewal of NIH grants linked to more innovative results, study finds}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fossil claw marks show reptiles arose much earlier than thought. NATURE, 641(8064), 832-833. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tracks in Australia seem to be the earliest known prints of amniotes — a group that includes reptiles, birds and mammals. Tracks in Australia seem to be the earliest known prints of amniotes — a group that includes reptiles, birds and mammals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aksenfeld, Rita}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01499-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {832-833}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fossil claw marks show reptiles arose much earlier than thought}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US environmental agency halts funding for its main science division. NATURE, 641(8064), 831-832. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {E-mails reveal the stoppage at the US Environmental Protection Agency, which is encouraging workers to resign ahead of a reorganization. E-mails reveal the stoppage at the US Environmental Protection Agency, which is encouraging workers to resign ahead of a reorganization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01487-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {831-832}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US environmental agency halts funding for its main science division}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘AI models are capable of novel research’: OpenAI’s chief scientist on what to expect. NATURE, 641(8064), 830. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Jakub Pachocki, who leads the firm’s development of advanced models, is excited to release an open version to researchers. Jakub Pachocki, who leads the firm’s development of advanced models, is excited to release an open version to researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01485-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {830}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘AI models are capable of novel research’: OpenAI’s chief scientist on what to expect}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US brain drain: The scientists seeking jobs abroad amid trump’s assault on research. NATURE, 641(8064), 828-829. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Five US-based researchers tell Nature why they are exploring career opportunities overseas. Five US-based researchers tell Nature why they are exploring career opportunities overseas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia and Naddaf, Miryam and Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01489-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {828-829}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US brain drain: The scientists seeking jobs abroad amid trump’s assault on research}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DeepMind unveils ‘spectacular’ general-purpose science AI. NATURE, 641(8064), 827-828. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {System improves chip designs and tackles unsolved maths problems, but has not been rolled out to researchers outside the company. System improves chip designs and tackles unsolved maths problems, but has not been rolled out to researchers outside the company.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01523-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {827-828}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DeepMind unveils ‘spectacular’ general-purpose science AI}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A ‘hidden gem’ of the amazon is a frog with odd habits. NATURE, 641(8064), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A newly identified species of poison-dart frog seems to be monogamous, making it a rarity of its kind. A newly identified species of poison-dart frog seems to be monogamous, making it a rarity of its kind.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01418-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A ‘hidden gem’ of the amazon is a frog with odd habits}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atacama sunshine helps to pull water from thin air. NATURE, 641(8064), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A device involving solar panels and a gel produces substantial amounts of water in one of the world’s driest deserts. A device involving solar panels and a gel produces substantial amounts of water in one of the world’s driest deserts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01425-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atacama sunshine helps to pull water from thin air}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How CAR-T cancer therapies could harm the brain. NATURE, 641(8064), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune-system responses to cell therapies produce long-term effects on cognition in mice. Immune-system responses to cell therapies produce long-term effects on cognition in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01426-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How CAR-T cancer therapies could harm the brain}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The world’s richest people have an outsized role in climate extremes. NATURE, 641(8064), 825. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The consumption and investments of the wealthiest 10% contribute disproportionately to the emissions that drive heat waves and drought. The consumption and investments of the wealthiest 10% contribute disproportionately to the emissions that drive heat waves and drought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01427-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {825}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The world’s richest people have an outsized role in climate extremes}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). When the government cancels your research grant, here’s what you can do. NATURE, 641(8064), 824. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mass cancellation of US federal grants marks yet another escalation in political interference in science, but there are ways to keep crucial research going. The mass cancellation of US federal grants marks yet another escalation in political interference in science, but there are ways to keep crucial research going.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fazio, Lisa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01547-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {824}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {When the government cancels your research grant, here’s what you can do}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Philanthropic funders: Team up to jump-start innovative science. NATURE, 641(8064), 823. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Collaborations between privately run foundations provide an opportunity to fund risky science that governments cannot take on. Collaborations between privately run foundations provide an opportunity to fund risky science that governments cannot take on.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Friend, Cynthia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01544-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {823}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Philanthropic funders: Team up to jump-start innovative science}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The path for AI in poor nations does not need to be paved with billions. NATURE, 641(8064), 822. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers in low- and middle-income countries show that home-grown artificial-intelligence technologies can be developed, even without large external investments. Researchers in low- and middle-income countries show that home-grown artificial-intelligence technologies can be developed, even without large external investments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01546-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {822}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The path for AI in poor nations does not need to be paved with billions}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Turning the tide on ocean conservation. NATURE, 641(8064), 821. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The UN Ocean Conference offers a rare opportunity for countries to correct their course on ocean health. The UN Ocean Conference offers a rare opportunity for countries to correct their course on ocean health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01545-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8064}, pages = {821}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Turning the tide on ocean conservation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: IrCLIP-RNP and re-CLIP reveal patterns of dynamic protein assemblies on RNA. NATURE, 641(8063), E8. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ducoli, Luca and Zarnegar, Brian J. and Porter, Douglas F. and Meyers, Robin M. and Miao, Weili and Riley, Nicholas M. and Srinivasan, Suhas and Jackrazi, Leandra V. and Yang, Yen-Yu and Li, Zhouxian and Wang, Yinsheng and Bertozzi, Carolyn R. and Flynn, Ryan A. and Khavari, Paul A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09055-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {E8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: IrCLIP-RNP and re-CLIP reveal patterns of dynamic protein assemblies on RNA}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What language do bats speak? i’m trying to find out. NATURE, 641(8063), 814. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cesária Huó is collecting bat vocalizations to understand how the sounds they make evolve. Cesária Huó is collecting bat vocalizations to understand how the sounds they make evolve.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cebola, Tavares}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01469-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {814}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What language do bats speak? i’m trying to find out}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain tissues, assemble! inside the push to build better brain models. NATURE, 641(8063), 809-812. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With organoids, assembloids and a growing toolkit of bioengineering tricks, scientists are stitching together models of the developing human brain — and pushing the limits of realism and control. With organoids, assembloids and a growing toolkit of bioengineering tricks, scientists are stitching together models of the developing human brain — and pushing the limits of realism and control.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01468-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {809-812}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain tissues, assemble! inside the push to build better brain models}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure and mechanism of the plastid/parasite ATP/ADP translocator. NATURE, 641(8063), 797-804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the principal energy currency of all living cells1,2. Metabolically impaired obligate intracellular parasites, such as the human pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia prowazekii, can acquire ATP from their host cells through a unique ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) translocator, which mediates the import of ATP into and the export of ADP and phosphate out of the parasite cells, thus allowing the exploitation of the energy reserves of host cells (also known as energy parasitism). This type of ATP/ADP translocator also exists in the obligate intracellular endosymbionts of protists and the plastids of plants and algae and has been implicated to play an important role in endosymbiosis3–31. The plastid/parasite type of ATP/ADP translocator is phylogenetically and functionally distinct from the mitochondrial ATP/ADP translocator, and its structure and transport mechanism are still unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of two plastid/parasite types of ATP/ADP translocators in the apo and substrate-bound states. The ATP/ADP-binding pocket is located at the interface between the N and C domains of the translocator, and a conserved asparagine residue within the pocket is critical for substrate specificity. The translocator operates through a rocker-switch alternating access mechanism involving the relative rotation of the two domains as rigid bodies. Our results provide critical insights for understanding ATP translocation across membranes in energy parasitism and endosymbiosis and offer a structural basis for developing drugs against obligate intracellular parasites. ATP/ADP translocators in obligate intracellular parasites and plastids facilitate energy parasitism and endosymbiosis by mediating ATP import and ADP export, with their cryo-EM structures and mechanisms revealed, providing insights for drug development against intracellular pathogens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lin, Huajian and Huang, Jian and Li, Tianming and Li, Wenjuan and Wu, Yutong and Yang, Tianjiao and Nian, Yuwei and Lin, Xiang and Wang, Jiangqin and Wang, Ruiying and Zhao, Xiaohui and Su, Nannan and Zhang, Jinru and Wu, Xudong and Fan, Minrui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08743-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {797-804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure and mechanism of the plastid/parasite ATP/ADP translocator}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glutamate gating of AMPA-subtype iGluRs at physiological temperatures. NATURE, 641(8063), 788-796. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate most excitatory neurotransmission1. iGluRs are gated by glutamate, where on glutamate binding, they open their ion channels to enable cation influx into postsynaptic neurons, initiating signal transduction1,2. The structural mechanics of how glutamate gating occurs in full-length iGluRs is not well understood. Here, using the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid subtype iGluR (AMPAR), we identify the glutamate-gating mechanism. AMPAR activation by glutamate is augmented at physiological temperatures. By preparing AMPARs for cryogenic-electron microscopy at these temperatures, we captured the glutamate-gating mechanism. Activation by glutamate initiates ion channel opening that involves all ion channel helices hinging away from the pore axis in a motif that is conserved across all iGluRs. Desensitization occurs when the local dimer pairs decouple and enables closure of the ion channel below through restoring the channel hinges and refolding the channel gate. Our findings define how glutamate gates iGluRs, provide foundations for therapeutic design and demonstrate how physiological temperatures can alter iGluR function. Physiological temperatures augment activation of glutamate receptors, which enables the structural basis of neuronal excitation to be elucidated.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kumar Mondal, Anish and Carrillo, Elisa and Jayaraman, Vasanthi and Twomey, Edward C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08770-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {788-796}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glutamate gating of AMPA-subtype iGluRs at physiological temperatures}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Histone h1 deamidation facilitates chromatin relaxation for DNA repair. NATURE, 641(8063), 779-787. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The formation of accessible chromatin around DNA double-strand breaks is essential for their efficient repair1. Although the linker histone H1 is known to facilitate higher-order chromatin compaction2,3, the mechanisms by which H1 modifications regulate chromatin relaxation in response to DNA damage are unclear. Here we show that CTP synthase 1 (CTPS1)-catalysed deamidation of H1 asparagine residues 76 and 77 triggers the sequential acetylation of lysine 75 following DNA damage, and this dual modification of H1 is associated with chromatin opening. Mechanistically, the histone acetyltransferase p300 showed a preference for deamidated H1 as a substrate, establishing H1 deamidation as a prerequisite for subsequent acetylation. Moreover, high expression of CTPS1 was associated with resistance to cancer radiotherapy, in both mouse xenograft models and clinical cohorts. These findings provide new insights into how linker histones regulate dynamic chromatin alterations in the DNA damage response. Insights into how the linker histone H1 promotes chromatin alterations and allows repair of DNA damage are described.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tian, Yuan and Feng, Tingting and Zhang, Jun and Meng, Qingren and Zhan, Wenxin and Tang, Ming and Liu, Chaohua and Li, Mengyan and Tao, Wenhui and Shu, Yuxin and Zhang, Yu and Chen, Feng and Takeda, Shunichi and Zhu, Qian and Lu, Xiaopeng and Zhu, Wei-Guo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08835-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {779-787}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Histone h1 deamidation facilitates chromatin relaxation for DNA repair}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). IrCLIP-RNP and re-CLIP reveal patterns of dynamic protein assemblies on RNA. NATURE, 641(8063), 769-778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control varied processes, including RNA splicing, stability, transport and translation1–3. Dysfunctional RNA–RBP interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of human disease1,4,5; however, characterizing the nature and dynamics of multiprotein assemblies on RNA has been challenging. Here, to address this, non-isotopic ligation-based ultraviolet-light-induced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation6 was combined with mass spectrometry (irCLIP-RNP) to identify RNA-dependent associated proteins (RDAPs) co-bound to RNA with any RBP of interest. irCLIP-RNP defined landscapes of multimeric protein assemblies on RNA, revealing patterns of RBP–RNA associations, including cell-type-selective combinatorial relationships between RDAPs and primary RBPs. irCLIP-RNP also defined dynamic RDAP remodelling in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), revealing that EGF-induced recruitment of UPF1 adjacent to HNRNPC promotes splicing surveillance of cell proliferation mRNAs. To identify the RNAs simultaneously co-bound by multiple studied RBPs, a sequential immunoprecipitation irCLIP (Re-CLIP) method was also developed. Re-CLIP confirmed binding relationships observed in irCLIP-RNP and identified HNRNPC and UPF1 RBP co-binding on RND3 and DDX3X mRNAs. irCLIP-RNP and Re-CLIP provide a framework to identify and characterize dynamic RNA–protein assemblies in living cells. EGF-induced recruitment of UPF1 adjacent to HNRNPC induces splicing surveillance of cell proliferation mRNAs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ducoli, Luca and Zarnegar, Brian J. and Porter, Douglas F. and Meyers, Robin M. and Miao, Weili and Riley, Nicholas M. and Srinivasan, Suhas and Jackrazi, Leandra V. and Yang, Yen-Yu and Li, Zhouxian and Wang, Yinsheng and Bertozzi, Carolyn R. and Flynn, Ryan A. and Khavari, Paul A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08787-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {769-778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {IrCLIP-RNP and re-CLIP reveal patterns of dynamic protein assemblies on RNA}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An ultrasensitive method for detection of cell-free RNA. NATURE, 641(8063), 759-768. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sensitive methods for detection of cell-free RNA (cfRNA) could facilitate non-invasive gene expression profiling and monitoring of diseases1–6. Here we describe RARE-seq (random priming and affinity capture of cfRNA fragments for enrichment analysis by sequencing), a method optimized for cfRNA analysis. We demonstrate that platelet contamination can substantially confound cfRNA analyses and develop an approach to overcome it. In analytical validations, we find RARE-seq to be approximately 50-fold more sensitive for detecting tumour-derived cfRNA than whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), with a limit of detection of 0.05%. To explore clinical utility, we profiled 437 plasma samples from 369 individuals with cancer or non-malignant conditions and controls. Detection of non-small-cell lung cancer expression signatures in cfRNA increased with stage (6 out of 20 (30%) in stage I; 5 out of 8 (63%) in stage II; 10 out of 15 (67%) in stage III; 80 out of 96 (83% sensitivity) in stage IV at 95% specificity) and RARE-seq was more sensitive than tumour-naive circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis. In patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer who developed resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we detected both histological transformation and mutation-based resistance mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate the potential utility of RARE-seq for determination of tissue of origin, assessing benign pulmonary conditions and tracking response to mRNA vaccines. These results highlight the potential value of ultrasensitive cfRNA analysis and provide proof of concept for diverse clinical applications. A method, RARE-seq, for sensitive detection of cell-free RNAs in blood is demonstrated to have diverse clinical applications including diagnosing and characterizing human cancers, and tracking response to RNA therapeutics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nesselbush, Monica C. and Luca, Bogdan A. and Jeon, Young-Jun and Jabara, Isabel and Meador, Catherine B. and Garofalo, Andrea and Binkley, Michael S. and Hui, Angela B. and van ‘t Erve, Iris and Xu, Nova and Shi, William Y. and Liu, Kevin J. and Sugio, Takeshi and Kastelowitz, Noah and Hamilton, Emily G. and Liu, Chih Long and Olsen, Mari and Bonilla, Rene F. and Wang, Yi Peng and Jiang, Alice and Lau, Brianna and Eichholz, Jordan and Banwait, Mandeep and Schroers-Martin, Joseph and Boegeholz, Jan and King, Daniel A. and Luikart, Helen and Esfahani, Mohammad S. and Mehrmohamadi, Mahya and Stehr, Henning and Raclin, Tyler and Tibshirani, Robert and Khush, Kiran and Srinivas, Sandy and Yu, Helena and Rogers, Angela J. and Nair, Viswam S. and Isbell, James M. and Li, Bob T. and Piotrowska, Zofia and Sequist, Lecia V. and Hata, Aaron N. and Neal, Joel W. and Wakelee, Heather A. and Gentles, Andrew J. and Alizadeh, Ash A. and Diehn, Maximilian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08834-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {759-768}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An ultrasensitive method for detection of cell-free RNA}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity. NATURE, 641(8063), 749-758. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) powers brain activity1,2, and mitochondrial defects are linked to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders3,4. To understand the basis of brain activity and behaviour, there is a need to define the molecular energetic landscape of the brain5–10. Here, to bridge the scale gap between cognitive neuroscience and cell biology, we developed a physical voxelization approach to partition a frozen human coronal hemisphere section into 703 voxels comparable to neuroimaging resolution (3 × 3 × 3 mm). In each cortical and subcortical brain voxel, we profiled mitochondrial phenotypes, including OXPHOS enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA and volume density, and mitochondria-specific respiratory capacity. We show that the human brain contains diverse mitochondrial phenotypes driven by both topology and cell types. Compared with white matter, grey matter contains >50% more mitochondria. Moreover, the mitochondria in grey matter are biochemically optimized for energy transformation, particularly among recently evolved cortical brain regions. Scaling these data to the whole brain, we created a backwards linear regression model that integrates several neuroimaging modalities11 to generate a brain-wide map of mitochondrial distribution and specialization. This model predicted mitochondrial characteristics in an independent brain region of the same donor brain. This approach and the resulting MitoBrainMap of mitochondrial phenotypes provide a foundation for exploring the molecular energetic landscape that enables normal brain function. This resource also relates to neuroimaging data and defines the subcellular basis for regionalized brain processes relevant to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. All data are available at http://humanmitobrainmap.bcblab.com . The ability to physically partition the human brain at a spatial resolution comparable to neuroimaging methods enabled the development of a brain-wide atlas of mitochondrial content, specialization and enzymatic oxidation and phosphorylation activities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mosharov, Eugene V. and Rosenberg, Ayelet M. and Monzel, Anna S. and Osto, Corey A. and Stiles, Linsey and Rosoklija, Gorazd B. and Dwork, Andrew J. and Bindra, Snehal and Junker, Alex and Zhang, Ya and Fujita, Masashi and Mariani, Madeline B. and Bakalian, Mihran and Sulzer, David and De Jager, Philip L. and Menon, Vilas and Shirihai, Orian S. and Mann, J. John and Underwood, Mark D. and Boldrini, Maura and Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel and Picard, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08740-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {749-758}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin. NATURE, 641(8063), 740-748. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Defence from environmental threats is provided by physical barriers that confer mechanical protection and prevent the entry of microorganisms1. If microorganisms overcome those barriers, however, innate immune cells use toxic chemicals to kill the invading cells2,3. Here we examine immune diversity across tissues and identify a population of neutrophils in the skin that expresses a broad repertoire of proteins and enzymes needed to build the extracellular matrix. In the naive skin, these matrix-producing neutrophils contribute to the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, reinforce its mechanical properties and promote barrier function. After injury, these neutrophils build ‘rings’ of matrix around wounds, which shield against foreign molecules and bacteria. This structural program relies on TGFβ signalling; disabling the TGFβ receptor in neutrophils impaired ring formation around wounds and facilitated bacterial invasion. We infer that the innate immune system has evolved diverse strategies for defence, including one that physically shields the host from the outside world. A population of neutrophils in the skin produces extracellular matrix, providing a defence strategy by reinforcing the barrier properties of the skin and helping to block the entry of pathogens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vicanolo, Tommaso and Özcan, Alaz and Li, Jackson LiangYao and Huerta-López, Carla and Ballesteros, Iván and Rubio-Ponce, Andrea and Dumitru, Andra C. and Nicolás-Ávila, Jose Ángel and Molina-Moreno, Miguel and Reyes-Gutierrez, Pablo and Johnston, Andrew D. and Martone, Catherine and Greto, Eric and Quílez-Alvarez, Antonio and Calvo, Enrique and Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena and Álvarez-Velez, Rebeca and Chooi, Ming Yao and Kwok, Immanuel and González-Bermúdez, Blanca and Malleret, Benoit and Espinosa, Francisco M. and Zhang, Ming and Wang, Yu-Long and Sun, Dasheng and Zhen Chong, Shu and El-Armouche, Ali and Kim, Kevin K. and Udalova, Irina A. and Greco, Valentina and Garcia, Ricardo and Vázquez, Jesús and Dopazo, Ana and Plaza, Gustavo R. and Alegre-Cebollada, Jorge and Uderhardt, Stefan and Ng, Lai Guan and Hidalgo, Andrés}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08741-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {740-748}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Haploid facultative parthenogenesis in sunflower sexual reproduction. NATURE, 641(8063), 732-739. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Flowering plant sexual reproduction requires double fertilization, yielding embryo and endosperm seed compartments: the latter supports embryo growth and seed germination. In an experiment to generate haploid embryos through inhibition of pollen phospholipase activity in sunflower (Helianthus annus), we serendipitously discovered that emasculated sunflowers spontaneously form parthenogenic haploid seed. Exploration of genetic, chemical and environmental factors demonstrated that a specific genotype background enabled high parthenogenesis and that full spectrum high-intensity light supplementation boosted parthenogenesis, yielding hundreds of haploid seeds per head. Induction of doubled haploid plants can greatly accelerate plant breeding efficiency; however, despite successful engineering of haploid induction in many crops, few reported systems are commercially scalable1. Here we report efficient methods of chemical emasculation and genome doubling to produce fertile plants and enable a scalable sunflower doubled haploid system. Spontaneous parthenogenesis in sunflower has been used to develop a scalable doubled haploid breeding system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lv, Jian and Liang, Dawei and Bumann, Eric and Mirleau Thebaud, Virginie and Jin, Huaibing and Li, Changbao and Paris, Clemence and Dan, Yinghui and Li, Chao and Cui, Ruijie and Chen, Xianxia and Szwerdszarf, David and Wittich, Peter and Clegg, Bobby and Tassara, Agustin and Dan, Hongmei and Tian, Xiaolong and Liu, Zhiqiang and Cai, Wen and Sun, Bin and Carter, Jared and Drayton, Paul and Bock, Federico and Kelliher, Timothy}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08798-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {732-739}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Haploid facultative parthenogenesis in sunflower sexual reproduction}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Immune checkpoint TIM-3 regulates microglia and alzheimer’s disease. NATURE, 641(8063), 718-731. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain and have pivotal roles in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation1,2. This study investigates the function of the immune-checkpoint molecule TIM-3 (encoded by HAVCR2) in microglia. TIM-3 was recently identified as a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease3, and it can induce T cell exhaustion4. However, its specific function in brain microglia remains unclear. We demonstrate in mouse models that TGFβ signalling induces TIM-3 expression in microglia. In turn, TIM-3 interacts with SMAD2 and TGFBR2 through its carboxy-terminal tail, which enhances TGFβ signalling by promoting TGFBR-mediated SMAD2 phosphorylation, and this process maintains microglial homeostasis. Genetic deletion of Havcr2 in microglia leads to increased phagocytic activity and a gene-expression profile consistent with the neurodegenerative microglial phenotype (MGnD), also referred to as disease-associated microglia (DAM). Furthermore, microglia-targeted deletion of Havcr2 ameliorates cognitive impairment and reduces amyloid-β pathology in 5×FAD mice (a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease). Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed a subpopulation of MGnD microglia in Havcr2-deficient 5×FAD mice characterized by increased pro-phagocytic and anti-inflammatory gene expression alongside reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression. These transcriptomic changes were corroborated by single-cell RNA sequencing data across most microglial clusters in Havcr2-deficient 5×FAD mice. Our findings reveal that TIM-3 mediates microglia homeostasis through TGFβ signalling and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting microglial TIM-3 in Alzheimer’s disease. The immune-checkpoint molecule TIM-3 regulates microglial homeostasis, and its microglial-specific deletion reduced cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kimura, Kimitoshi and Subramanian, Ayshwarya and Yin, Zhuoran and Khalilnezhad, Ahad and Wu, Yufan and He, Danyang and Dixon, Karen O. and Chitta, Udbhav Kasyap and Ding, Xiaokai and Adhikari, Niraj and Guzchenko, Isabell and Zhang, Xiaoming and Tang, Ruihan and Pertel, Thomas and Myers, Samuel A. and Aastha, Aastha and Nomura, Masashi and Eskandari-Sedighi, Ghazaleh and Singh, Vasundhara and Liu, Lei and Lambden, Conner and Kleemann, Kilian L. and Gupta, Neha and Barry, Jen-Li and Durao, Ana and Cheng, Yiran and Silveira, Sebastian and Zhang, Huiyuan and Suhail, Aamir and Delorey, Toni and Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit and Freeman, Gordon J. and Selkoe, Dennis J. and Weiner, Howard L. and Blurton-Jones, Mathew and Cruchaga, Carlos and Regev, Aviv and Suvà, Mario L. and Butovsky, Oleg and Kuchroo, Vijay K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08852-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {718-731}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Immune checkpoint TIM-3 regulates microglia and alzheimer’s disease}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Basis functions for complex social decisions in dorsomedial frontal cortex. NATURE, 641(8063), 707-717. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Navigating social environments is a fundamental challenge for the brain. It has been established that the brain solves this problem, in part, by representing social information in an agent-centric manner; knowledge about others’ abilities or attitudes is tagged to individuals such as ‘oneself’ or the ‘other’1–6. This intuitive approach has informed the understanding of key nodes in the social parts of the brain, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)7–9. However, the patterns or combinations in which individuals might interact with one another is as important as the identities of the individuals. Here, in four studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging, behavioural experiments and a social group decision-making task, we show that the dmPFC and ACC represent the combinatorial possibilities for social interaction afforded by a given situation, and that they do so in a compressed format resembling the basis functions used in spatial, visual and motor domains10–12. The basis functions align with social interaction types, as opposed to individual identities. Our results indicate that there are deep analogies between abstract neural coding schemes in the visual and motor domain and the construction of our sense of social identity. A study combining group decision-making tasks with fMRI shows that the brain’s dorsomedial prefrontal cortex uses basis functions, similar to those in the visual, motor and spatial domains, to represent patterns of social interaction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wittmann, Marco K. and Lin, Yongling and Pan, Deng and Braun, Moritz N. and Dickson, Cormac and Spiering, Lisa and Luo, Shuyi and Harbison, Caroline and Abdurahman, Ayat and Hamilton, Sorcha and Faber, Nadira S. and Khalighinejad, Nima and Lockwood, Patricia L. and Rushworth, Matthew F. S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08705-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {707-717}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Basis functions for complex social decisions in dorsomedial frontal cortex}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Natural behaviour is learned through dopamine-mediated reinforcement. NATURE, 641(8063), 699-706. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many natural motor skills, such as speaking or locomotion, are acquired through a process of trial-and-error learning over the course of development. It has long been hypothesized, motivated by observations in artificial learning experiments, that dopamine has a crucial role in this process. Dopamine in the basal ganglia is thought to guide reward-based trial-and-error learning by encoding reward prediction errors1, decreasing after worse-than-predicted reward outcomes and increasing after better-than-predicted ones. Our previous work in adult zebra finches—in which we changed the perceived song quality with distorted auditory feedback—showed that dopamine in Area X, the singing-related basal ganglia, encodes performance prediction error: dopamine is suppressed after worse-than-predicted (distorted syllables) and activated after better-than-predicted (undistorted syllables) performance2. However, it remains unknown whether the learning of natural behaviours, such as developmental vocal learning, occurs through dopamine-based reinforcement. Here we tracked song learning trajectories in juvenile zebra finches and used fibre photometry3 to monitor concurrent dopamine activity in Area X. We found that dopamine was activated after syllable renditions that were closer to the eventual adult version of the song, compared with recent renditions, and suppressed after renditions that were further away. Furthermore, the relationship between dopamine and song fluctuations revealed that dopamine predicted the future evolution of song, suggesting that dopamine drives behaviour. Finally, dopamine activity was explained by the contrast between the quality of the current rendition and the recent history of renditions—consistent with dopamine’s hypothesized role in encoding prediction errors in an actor–critic reinforcement-learning model4,5. Reinforcement-learning algorithms6 have emerged as a powerful class of model to explain learning in reward-based laboratory tasks, as well as for driving autonomous learning in artificial intelligence7. Our results suggest that complex natural behaviours in biological systems can also be acquired through dopamine-mediated reinforcement learning. Studies in zebra finches show that dopamine has a key role as a reinforcement signal in the trial-and-error process of learning that underlies complex natural behaviours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kasdin, Jonathan and Duffy, Alison and Nadler, Nathan and Raha, Arnav and Fairhall, Adrienne L. and Stachenfeld, Kimberly L. and Gadagkar, Vikram}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08729-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {699-706}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Natural behaviour is learned through dopamine-mediated reinforcement}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dual neuromodulatory dynamics underlie birdsong learning. NATURE, 641(8063), 690-698. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although learning in response to extrinsic reinforcement is theorized to be driven by dopamine signals that encode the difference between expected and experienced rewards1,2, skills that enable verbal or musical expression can be learned without extrinsic reinforcement. Instead, spontaneous execution of these skills is thought to be intrinsically reinforcing3,4. Whether dopamine signals similarly guide learning of these intrinsically reinforced behaviours is unknown. In juvenile zebra finches learning from an adult tutor, dopamine signalling in a song-specialized basal ganglia region is required for successful song copying, a spontaneous, intrinsically reinforced process5. Here we show that dopamine dynamics in the song basal ganglia faithfully track the learned quality of juvenile song performance on a rendition-by-rendition basis. Furthermore, dopamine release in the basal ganglia is driven not only by inputs from midbrain dopamine neurons classically associated with reinforcement learning but also by song premotor inputs, which act by means of local cholinergic signalling to elevate dopamine during singing. Although both cholinergic and dopaminergic signalling are necessary for juvenile song learning, only dopamine tracks the learned quality of song performance. Therefore, dopamine dynamics in the basal ganglia encode performance quality during self-directed, long-term learning of natural behaviours. Dopamine release in the basal ganglia of the zebra finch is driven by neurons associated with reinforcement learning and by cholinergic signalling, and tracks performance quality during long-term learning of its song.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qi, Jiaxuan and Schreiner, Drew C. and Martinez, Miles and Pearson, John and Mooney, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08694-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {690-698}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dual neuromodulatory dynamics underlie birdsong learning}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse. NATURE, 641(8063), 681-689. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Haematopoietic stem cells maintain blood production throughout life1. Although extensively characterized using the laboratory mouse, little is known about clonal selection and population dynamics of the haematopoietic stem cell pool during murine ageing. We isolated stem cells and progenitors from young and old mice, identifying 221,890 somatic mutations genome-wide in 1,845 single-cell-derived colonies. Mouse stem cells and progenitors accrue approximately 45 somatic mutations per year, a rate only approximately threefold greater than human progenitors despite the vastly different organismal sizes and lifespans. Phylogenetic patterns show that stem and multipotent progenitor cell pools are established during embryogenesis, after which they independently self-renew in parallel over life, evenly contributing to differentiated progenitors and peripheral blood. The stem cell pool grows steadily over the mouse lifespan to about 70,000 cells, self-renewing about every 6 weeks. Aged mice did not display the profound loss of clonal diversity characteristic of human haematopoietic ageing. However, targeted sequencing showed small, expanded clones in the context of murine ageing, which were larger and more numerous following haematological perturbations, exhibiting a selection landscape similar to humans. Our data illustrate both conserved features of population dynamics of blood and distinct patterns of age-associated somatic evolution in the short-lived mouse. Isolating and studying haematopoietic stem cells in young and aged mice demonstrates evolutionary processes related to blood production and provides a framework for interpreting future work using laboratory mice to study stem cell ageing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kapadia, Chiraag D. and Williams, Nicholas and Dawson, Kevin J. and Watson, Caroline and Yousefzadeh, Matthew J. and Le, Duy and Nyamondo, Kudzai and Kodavali, Sreeya and Cagan, Alex and Waldvogel, Sarah and Zhang, Xiaoyan and De La Fuente, Josephine and Leongamornlert, Daniel and Mitchell, Emily and Florez, Marcus A. and Sosnowski, Krzysztof and Aguilar, Rogelio and Martell, Alejandra and Guzman, Anna and Harrison, David and Niedernhofer, Laura J. and King, Katherine Y. and Campbell, Peter J. and Blundell, Jamie and Goodell, Margaret A. and Nangalia, Jyoti}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08625-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {681-689}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A jurassic acanthocephalan illuminates the origin of thorny-headed worms. NATURE, 641(8063), 674-680. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms), characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis with hooks, are a diverse endoparasitic group that infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates1. Although long regarded as a separate phylum, they have several putative sister taxa based on morphological features, including Platyhelminthes (flatworms)2, Priapulida (penis worms)3 and Rotifera (wheel animals)4. Molecular phylogenies have instead recovered them within rotifers5–10, suggesting acanthocephalans are derived from free-living worms with a jaw apparatus (Gnathifera). Their only fossil record is Late Cretaceous eggs11, contributing limited palaeontological information to deciphering their early evolution. Here we describe an acanthocephalan body fossil, Juracanthocephalus daohugouensis gen. et. sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou biota of China. Juracanthocephalus shows unambiguous acanthocephalan characteristics, for example a hooked proboscis, a bursa, as well as a jaw apparatus with discrete elements that is typical of other gnathiferans. Juracanthocephalus shares features with Seisonidea (an epizoic member of Rotifera) and Acanthocephala, bridging the evolutionary gap between jawed rotifers and the obligate parasitic, jawless acanthocephalans. Our results reveal previously unrecognized ecological and morphological diversity in ancient Acanthocephala and highlight the significance of transitional fossils, revealing the origins of this highly enigmatic group of living organisms. An acanthocephalan body fossil, Juracanthocephalus daohugouensis, is described from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou biota of China, showing previously unrecognized diversity in ancient Acanthocephala and the origins of this group of living organisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Luo, Cihang and Parry, Luke A. and Boudinot, Brendon E. and Wang, Shengyu and Jarzembowski, Edmund A. and Zhang, Haichun and Wang, Bo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08830-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {674-680}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A jurassic acanthocephalan illuminates the origin of thorny-headed worms}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Leaf absorption contributes to accumulation of microplastics in plants. NATURE, 641(8063), 666-673. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plant absorption is important for the entry of many pollutants into food chains. Although terrestrial microplastics (MPs) can be absorbed by the roots1,2, their upward translocation is slow1. Meanwhile, atmospheric MPs are widely present3,4, but strong evidence on their direct absorption by plants is still lacking. Here, analyses using mass spectrometry detection show the widespread occurrence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) polymers and oligomers in plant leaves, and identify that their levels increase with atmospheric concentrations and the leaf growth duration. The concentrations of PET and PS polymers can reach up to 104 ng per g dry weight in leaves at the high-pollution areas studied, such as the Dacron factory and a landfill site, and 102–103 ng per g dry weight of PET and PS can be detected in the open-air-grown leafy vegetables. Nano-sized PET and PS particles in the leaves were visually detected by hyperspectral imaging and atomic force microscopy–infrared spectroscopy. Absorption of the proactively exposed non-labelled, fluorescently labelled or europium-labelled plastic particles by maize (Zea mays L.) leaves through stomatal pathways, as well as their translocation to the vascular tissue through the apoplastic pathway, and accumulation in trichomes was identified using hyperspectral imaging, confocal microscopy and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrate that the absorption and accumulation of atmospheric MPs by plant leaves occur widely in the environment, and this should not be neglected when assessing the exposure of humans and other organisms to environmental MPs. Absorption and accumulation of atmospheric microplastics by plant leaves occurs widely in the environment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Ye and Zhang, Junjie and Xu, Li and Li, Ruoqi and Zhang, Rui and Li, Mengxi and Ran, Chunmei and Rao, Ziyu and Wei, Xing and Chen, Mingli and Wang, Lu and Li, Zhiwanxin and Xue, Yining and Peng, Chu and Liu, Chunguang and Sun, Hongwen and Xing, Baoshan and Wang, Lei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08831-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {666-673}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Leaf absorption contributes to accumulation of microplastics in plants}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trends in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric methane. NATURE, 641(8063), 660-665. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Methane is an important greenhouse gas1 and its atmospheric concentration has almost tripled since pre-industrial times2–4. Atmospheric methane mixing ratios vary seasonally, with the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) having decreased in northern high latitudes and increased in the subtropics and tropics since the 1980s5,6. These opposing SCA trends can help understanding of long-term changes in the global methane budget, as methane emissions and sinks have opposing effects on the SCA5. However, trends in the methane SCA have not yet been explored in detail5,6. Here we use a suite of atmospheric transport model simulations and attribute the observed trends in the seasonal amplitude of methane to changes in emissions and the atmospheric sink from reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). We find that the decreasing amplitude in the northern high latitudes is mainly caused by an increase in natural emissions (such as wetlands) owing to a warmer climate, adding evidence to previous studies suggesting a positive climate feedback7–9. In contrast, the enhanced methane amplitude in the subtropics and tropics is mainly attributed to strengthened OH oxidation. Our results provide independent evidence for an increase in tropospheric OH concentration10,11 of 10 ± 1% since 1984, which together with an increasing atmospheric methane concentration suggests a 21 ± 1% increase in the atmospheric methane sink. Model simulations show that the observed trends in the seasonal amplitude of methane can be attributed to changes in emissions and the atmospheric sink from reaction with the hydroxyl radical.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Gang and Shen, Lu and Ciais, Philippe and Lin, Xin and Hauglustaine, Didier and Lan, Xin and Turner, Alexander J. and Xi, Yi and Zhu, Yu and Peng, Shushi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08900-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {660-665}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trends in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric methane}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Past warm intervals inform the future south asian summer monsoon. NATURE, 641(8063), 653-659. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the future, monsoon rainfall over densely populated South Asia is expected to increase, even as monsoon circulation weakens1–3. By contrast, past warm intervals were marked by both increased rainfall and a strengthening of monsoon circulation4–6, posing a challenge to understanding the response of the South Asian summer monsoon to warming. Here we show consistent South Asian summer monsoon changes in the mid-Pliocene, Last Interglacial, mid-Holocene and future scenarios, characterized by an overall increase in monsoon rainfall, a weakening of the monsoon trough-like circulation over the Bay of Bengal and a strengthening of the monsoon circulation over the northern Arabian Sea, as revealed by a compilation of proxy records and climate simulations. Increased monsoon rainfall is thermodynamically dominated by atmospheric moisture following the rich-get-richer paradigm, and dynamically dominated by the monsoon circulation driven by the enhanced land warming in subtropical western Eurasia and northern Africa. The coherent response of monsoon dynamics across warm climates reconciles past strengthening with future weakening, reinforcing confidence in future projections. Further prediction of South Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall by physics-based regression models using past information agrees well with climate model projections, with spatial correlation coefficients of approximately 0.8 and 0.7 under the high-emissions scenario. These findings underscore the promising potential of past analogues, bolstered by palaeoclimate reconstruction, in improving future South Asian summer monsoon projections. Proxy records and climate simulations show that in past warm intervals, the South Asian summer monsoon was characterized by an increase in monsoon rainfall, and weakening and strengthening of different parts of the monsoon circulation, consistent with future projections.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Linqiang and Zhou, Tianjun and Guo, Zhun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08956-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {653-659}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Past warm intervals inform the future south asian summer monsoon}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Strategic atom replacement enables regiocontrol in pyrazole alkylation. NATURE, 641(8063), 646-652. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pyrazoles are heterocycles commonly found as key substructures in agrochemicals and medicinally active compounds alike1,2. Despite their pervasiveness, established methods fall notably short in delivering complex pyrazoles selectively due to issues of differentiation during either assembly or N-functionalization3. This is a direct consequence of a dominant synthetic strategy that attempts to control selectivity-determining bonds between poorly differentiated starting materials. To overcome this longstanding challenge, we here describe a prototypical example of an alternative conceptual approach, ‘strategic atom replacement’, in which we synthesize N-alkyl pyrazoles from isothiazoles. The net forward transformation is a ‘swap’ of the isothiazole sulfur atom with a nitrogen atom and its associated alkyl fragment to deliver the alkylated pyrazole4,5. Linking the two azoles is an orphaned heterocycle class, 1,2,3-thiadiazine-S-oxides, whose synthetic potential has yet to be tapped6. By proceeding through these unusual heterocycles, the typical selectivity and separation challenges associated with exclusively bond-based pyrazole preparations are circumvented, and even minimally differentiated peripheral substituents can be discriminated to afford isomerically pure products. A prototypical example of a ‘strategic atom replacement’ approach enables synthesis of N-alkyl pyrazoles from isothiazoles by swapping the sulfur atom with a nitrogen atom and its associated alkyl fragment to deliver the alkylated pyrazole.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fanourakis, Alexander and Ali, Yahia and Chen, Liao and Kelly, Patrick Q. and Bracken, Abigail J. and Kelly, Christopher B. and Levin, Mark D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08951-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {646-652}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Strategic atom replacement enables regiocontrol in pyrazole alkylation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Wireless transmission of internal hazard signals in li-ion batteries. NATURE, 641(8063), 639-645. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a critical role as power sources across diverse applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable-energy-storage systems1. However, there is growing concern about the safety of integrated LIB systems, with reports of up to 9,486 incidents between 2020 and 2024 (ref. 2). To ensure the safe application of commercial LIBs, it is essential to capture internal signals that enable early failure diagnosis and warning. Monitoring non-uniform temperature and strain distributions within the jelly-roll structures of the battery provides a promising approach to achieving this goal3,4. Here we propose a miniaturized and low-power-consumption system capable of accurate sensing and wireless transmission of internal temperature and strain signals inside LIBs, with negligible influence on its performance. The acquisition of internal temperature signals and the area ratio between initial internal-short-circuited regions and battery electrodes enables quantitative analysis of thermal fusing and thermal runaway phenomena, leading to the evaluation of the intensity of battery thermal runaway and recognition of thermal abuse behaviours. This work provides a foundation for designing next-generation smart LIBs with safety warning and failure positioning capabilities. A miniaturized and low-power-consumption system is designed to allow the accurate sensing and wireless transmission of internal temperature and strain signals inside lithium-ion batteries with negligible influence on their performance, improving their safety.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fan, Jinbao and Liu, Chenchen and Li, Na and Yang, Le and Yang, Xiao-Guang and Dou, Bowen and Hou, Shujuan and Feng, Xuning and Jiang, Hanqing and Li, Hong and Song, Wei-Li and Sun, Lei and Chen, Hao-Sen and Gao, Huajian and Fang, Daining}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08785-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {639-645}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Wireless transmission of internal hazard signals in li-ion batteries}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superconductivity and spin canting in spin–orbit-coupled trilayer graphene. NATURE, 641(8063), 632-638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide flat-band systems show similar phase diagrams, replete with magnetic1–5 and superconducting6–11 phases. An abiding question has been whether magnetic ordering competes with superconductivity or facilitates pairing. For example, recent studies of Bernal bilayer graphene in the presence of enhanced spin–orbit coupling show a substantial increase in the observed domain and critical temperature Tc of superconducting states12–14; however, the mechanism for this enhancement remains unknown. Here we show that introducing spin–orbit coupling in rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG) by substrate proximity effect generates new superconducting pockets for both electron and hole doping, with maximal Tc ≈ 300 mK, which is three times larger than in RTG encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride. Using local magnetometry, we show that superconductivity straddles a transition between a spin-canted state with a finite in-plane magnetic moment and a state with complete spin–valley locking. This transition is reproduced in our Hartree–Fock calculations, in which this transition is driven by the competition between spin–orbit coupling and the carrier-density-tuned Hund’s interaction. Our experiment suggests that the enhancement of superconductivity by spin–orbit coupling is driven by a quantitative change in the canting angle rather than a change in the ground state symmetry. These results align with a recently proposed mechanism for the enhancement of superconductivity15, in which fluctuations in the spin-canting order contribute to the pairing interaction. Introducing spin–orbit coupling by substrate proximity effect leads to an enhancement of superconducting phases in rhombohedral trilayer graphene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Patterson, Caitlin L. and Sheekey, Owen I. and Arp, Trevor B. and Holleis, Ludwig F. W. and Koh, Jin Ming and Choi, Youngjoon and Xie, Tian and Xu, Siyuan and Guo, Yi and Stoyanov, Hari and Redekop, Evgeny and Zhang, Canxun and Babikyan, Grigory and Gong, David and Zhou, Haoxin and Cheng, Xiang and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Huber, Martin E. and Jin, Chenhao and Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne and Alicea, Jason and Young, Andrea F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08863-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {632-638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superconductivity and spin canting in spin–orbit-coupled trilayer graphene}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin–orbit-coupled bilayer graphene. NATURE, 641(8063), 625-631. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The relative twist angle between layers of near-lattice-matched van der Waals materials is critical for the emergent phenomena associated with moiré flat bands1–3. However, the concept of angle rotation control is not exclusive to moiré superlattices in which electrons directly experience a twist-angle-dependent periodic potential. Instead, it can also be used to induce programmable symmetry-breaking perturbations with the goal of stabilizing desired correlated states. Here we experimentally demonstrate ‘moiréless’ twist-tuning of superconductivity together with other correlated orders in Bernal bilayer graphene proximitized by tungsten diselenide. The precise alignment between the two materials systematically controls the strength of induced Ising spin–orbit coupling (SOC), profoundly altering the phase diagram. As Ising SOC is increased, superconductivity onsets at a higher displacement field and features a higher critical temperature, reaching up to 0.5 K. Within the main superconducting dome and in the strong Ising SOC limit, we find an unusual phase transition characterized by a nematic redistribution of holes among trigonally warped Fermi pockets and enhanced resilience to in-plane magnetic fields. The superconducting behaviour is theoretically compatible with the prominent role of interband interactions between symmetry-breaking Fermi pockets. Moreover, we identify two additional superconducting regions, one of which descends from an inter-valley coherent normal state and shows a Pauli-limit violation ratio exceeding 40, among the highest for all known superconductors4–7. Our results provide insights into ultraclean graphene superconductors and underscore the potential of utilizing moiréless-twist engineering across a wide range of van der Waals heterostructures. The superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene that emerges from the spin–orbit coupling induced by proximal tungsten diselenide can be tuned by modulating the twist angle between the two materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Yiran and Shavit, Gal and Ma, Huiyang and Han, Youngjoon and Siu, Chi Wang and Mukherjee, Ankan and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Hsieh, David and Lewandowski, Cyprian and von Oppen, Felix and Oreg, Yuval and Nadj-Perge, Stevan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08959-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {625-631}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin–orbit-coupled bilayer graphene}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superconducting gap of H3S measured by tunnelling spectroscopy. NATURE, 641(8063), 619-624. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Several hydrogen-rich superconductors have been found to show unprecedentedly high critical temperatures1–4, stimulating investigations into the nature of the superconductivity in these materials. Although their macroscopic superconducting properties are established1,5–7, microscopic insights into the pairing mechanism remains unclear. Here we characterize the superconducting gap structure in the high-temperature superconductor H3S and its deuterium counterpart D3S by performing tunnelling spectroscopy measurements. The tunnelling spectra reveal that H3S and D3S both have a fully gapped structure, which could be well described by a single s-wave Dynes model, with gap values 2Δ of approximately 60 meV and 44 meV, respectively. Furthermore, we observed gap features of another likely H-depleted HxS superconducting phase in a poorly synthesized hydrogen sulfide sample. Our work offers direct experimental evidence for superconductivity in the hydrogen-rich superconductor H3S from a microscopic perspective. It validates the phonon-mediated mechanism of superconducting pairing and provides a foundation for further understanding the origins of high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen-rich compounds. Characterizing the superconducting gap structure in the high-temperature superconductor H3S by means of tunnelling spectroscopy reveals that it, as well as D3S, has a fully gapped structure, confirming the phonon-mediated mechanism of superconducting pairing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Du, Feng and Drozdov, Alexander P. and Minkov, Vasily S. and Balakirev, Fedor F. and Kong, Panpan and Smith, G. Alexander and Yan, Jiafeng and Shen, Bin and Gegenwart, Philipp and Eremets, Mikhail I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08895-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {619-624}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superconducting gap of H3S measured by tunnelling spectroscopy}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum error correction of qudits beyond break-even. NATURE, 641(8063), 612-618. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hilbert space dimension is a key resource for quantum information processing1,2. Not only is a large overall Hilbert space an essential requirement for quantum error correction, but a large local Hilbert space can also be advantageous for realizing gates and algorithms more efficiently3–7. As a result, there has been considerable experimental effort in recent years to develop quantum computing platforms using qudits (d-dimensional quantum systems with d > 2) as the fundamental unit of quantum information8–19. Just as with qubits, quantum error correction of these qudits will be necessary in the long run, but so far, error correction of logical qudits has not been demonstrated experimentally. Here we report the experimental realization of an error-corrected logical qutrit (d = 3) and ququart (d = 4), which was achieved with the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill bosonic code20. Using a reinforcement learning agent21,22, we optimized the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qutrit (ququart) as a ternary (quaternary) quantum memory and achieved beyond break-even error correction with a gain of 1.82 ± 0.03 (1.87 ± 0.03). This work represents a novel way of leveraging the large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator to realize hardware-efficient quantum error correction. Quantum error correction of a logical qutrit and ququart were experimentally realized beyond the break-even point with the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill bosonic code.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brock, Benjamin L. and Singh, Shraddha and Eickbusch, Alec and Sivak, Volodymyr V. and Ding, Andy Z. and Frunzio, Luigi and Girvin, Steven M. and Devoret, Michel H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08899-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {612-618}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum error correction of qudits beyond break-even}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Water ice in the debris disk around HD 181327. NATURE, 641(8063), 608-611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Debris disks are exoplanetary systems that contain planets, minor bodies (asteroids, Kuiper belt objects, comets and so on) and micrometre-sized debris dust1. Because water ice is the most common frozen volatile, it plays an essential role in the formation of planets2,3 and minor bodies. Although water ice has been commonly found in Kuiper belt objects and comets in the Solar System4, no definitive evidence for water ice in debris disks has been obtained to date1. Here we report the discovery of water ice in the HD 181327 debris disk using the near-infrared spectrograph onboard the James Webb Space Telescope. We detected the solid-state broad absorption feature of water ice at 3 µm including a distinct Fresnel peak at 3.1 µm, which is indicative of large, crystalline water-ice particles. Gradients in the water-ice feature as a function of stellocentric distance reveal a dynamic environment in which water ice is destroyed and replenished. We estimated the water-ice mass fractions as ranging from 0.1% at approximately 85 au to 21% at approximately 113 au, indicating the presence of a water-ice reservoir in the HD 181327 disk beyond the snow line. The icy bodies that release water ice in HD 181327 are probably the extra-solar counterparts of water-ice-rich Kuiper belt objects in our Solar System. The James Webb Space Telescope has detected water ice in the cold debris disk (analogous to the Kuiper belt) around the star HD 181327.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Chen and Chen, Christine H. and Lisse, Carey M. and Hines, Dean C. and Beck, Tracy and Betti, Sarah K. and Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí and Ingebretsen, Carl and Worthen, Kadin and Gáspár, András and Wolff, Schuyler G. and Bolin, Bryce T. and Pueyo, Laurent and Perrin, Marshall D. and Stansberry, John A. and Leisenring, Jarron M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08920-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {608-611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Water ice in the debris disk around HD 181327}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emergence of Calabi–Yau manifolds in high-precision black-hole scattering. NATURE, 641(8063), 603-607. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When two massive objects (black holes, neutron stars or stars) in our universe fly past each other, their gravitational interactions deflect their trajectories1,2. The gravitational waves emitted in the related bound-orbit system—the binary inspiral—are now routinely detected by gravitational-wave observatories3. Theoretical physics needs to provide high-precision templates to make use of unprecedented sensitivity and precision of the data from upcoming gravitational-wave observatories4. Motivated by this challenge, several analytical and numerical techniques have been developed to approximately solve this gravitational two-body problem. Although numerical relativity is accurate5–7, it is too time-consuming to rapidly produce large numbers of gravitational-wave templates. For this, approximate analytical results are also required8–15. Here we report on a new, highest-precision analytical result for the scattering angle, radiated energy and recoil of a black hole or neutron star scattering encounter at the fifth order in Newton’s gravitational coupling G, assuming a hierarchy in the two masses. This is achieved by modifying state-of-the-art techniques for the scattering of elementary particles in colliders to this classical physics problem in our universe. Our results show that mathematical functions related to Calabi–Yau (CY) manifolds, 2n-dimensional generalizations of tori, appear in the solution to the radiated energy in these scatterings. We anticipate that our analytical results will allow the development of a new generation of gravitational-wave models, for which the transition to the bound-state problem through analytic continuation and strong-field resummation will need to be performed. A new, highest-precision analytical result for solving the gravitational two-body problem of black hole or neutron star scattering reveals the emergence of Calabi–Yau manifolds in the solution to the radiated energy in these encounters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Driesse, Mathias and Jakobsen, Gustav Uhre and Klemm, Albrecht and Mogull, Gustav and Nega, Christoph and Plefka, Jan and Sauer, Benjamin and Usovitsch, Johann}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08984-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {603-607}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emergence of Calabi–Yau manifolds in high-precision black-hole scattering}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). North america’s birds are declining where they should be thriving. NATURE, 641(8063), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The steepest drops in number are seen in areas that host the largest populations — a trend observed for more than 80% of bird species across the continent. The steepest drops in number are seen in areas that host the largest populations — a trend observed for more than 80% of bird species across the continent.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01443-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {North america’s birds are declining where they should be thriving}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Airborne microplastics enter plant leaves and end up in our food. NATURE, 641(8063), 601-602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evidence for a previously overlooked route for microplastics to enter crops and reach plant tissues has implications for ecology and human health. Evidence for a previously overlooked route for microplastics to enter crops and reach plant tissues has implications for ecology and human health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peijnenburg, Willie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00909-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {601-602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Airborne microplastics enter plant leaves and end up in our food}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Highly sensitive method captures rare RNAs in blood to search for disease. NATURE, 641(8063), 599-600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A method for examining RNAs in blood samples offers a clinical tool to detect and monitor cancer and to assess immune responses to vaccination. A method for examining RNAs in blood samples offers a clinical tool to detect and monitor cancer and to assess immune responses to vaccination.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rounge, Trine B. and Paulsen, Jonas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01127-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {599-600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Highly sensitive method captures rare RNAs in blood to search for disease}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Black hole fly-by modelled with landmark precision. NATURE, 641(8063), 598-599. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A prediction of the gravitational waves produced by interacting black holes achieves high precision and demonstrates the link between general relativity and geometry. A prediction of the gravitational waves produced by interacting black holes achieves high precision and demonstrates the link between general relativity and geometry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Zhengwen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01339-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {598-599}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Black hole fly-by modelled with landmark precision}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sunflower ‘virgin births’ enable accelerated crop breeding. NATURE, 641(8063), 596-598. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery that sunflower seeds can develop without fertilization reveals a pathway to accelerate improvement of this crop — and potentially others. The discovery that sunflower seeds can develop without fertilization reveals a pathway to accelerate improvement of this crop — and potentially others.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Todesco, Marco and Rieseberg, Loren H.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00904-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {596-598}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sunflower ‘virgin births’ enable accelerated crop breeding}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earth’s climatic past illuminates future south asian monsoon patterns. NATURE, 641(8063), 595-596. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of warm periods in Earth’s history helps to clarify an apparent anomaly in projections of the future behaviour of the South Asian summer monsoon. An analysis of warm periods in Earth’s history helps to clarify an apparent anomaly in projections of the future behaviour of the South Asian summer monsoon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pausata, Francesco S. R. and Tharammal, Thejna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01340-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {595-596}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earth’s climatic past illuminates future south asian monsoon patterns}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China needs to deal with discarded electric-vehicle batteries. NATURE, 641(8063), 594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sinha, Avik and Wu, Jing and Sheraz, Muhammad and Qin, Quande}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01508-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China needs to deal with discarded electric-vehicle batteries}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Empower communities to fight climate change at grassroots level. NATURE, 641(8063), 594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhong, Yifan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01509-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Empower communities to fight climate change at grassroots level}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Loss and damage fund’ for climate change needs broader remit. NATURE, 641(8063), 594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ryan, Casey M. and Staver, A. Carla}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01510-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Loss and damage fund’ for climate change needs broader remit}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do universities serve their community?. NATURE, 641(8063), 594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Murphy, Brian T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01511-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do universities serve their community?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US researchers must stand up to protect freedoms, not just funding. NATURE, 641(8063), 592-593. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Curtailment of freedoms and disregard for the rule of law in the United States is destroying the ability of science to serve the nation’s, and the world’s, interests. Researchers can take action. Curtailment of freedoms and disregard for the rule of law in the United States is destroying the ability of science to serve the nation’s, and the world’s, interests. Researchers can take action.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leifer, Andrew M. and Liu, Andrea J. and Nagel, Sidney R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01466-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {592-593}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US researchers must stand up to protect freedoms, not just funding}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The scars of war last for centuries: How we understand collective trauma needs to change. NATURE, 641(8063), 589-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers looking to study the social ramifications of mass traumas must not overlook the histories of affected communities in the search for healing. Researchers looking to study the social ramifications of mass traumas must not overlook the histories of affected communities in the search for healing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sangalang, Cindy C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01467-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {589-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The scars of war last for centuries: How we understand collective trauma needs to change}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A pope, a polymath and plucky women: Books in brief. NATURE, 641(8063), 587. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01419-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {587}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A pope, a polymath and plucky women: Books in brief}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why bad philosophy is stopping progress in physics. NATURE, 641(8063), 585-587. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Theoretical physicists are in thrall to a misguided mindset that allows viable ideas to be advanced only by overturning what already exists. Theoretical physicists are in thrall to a misguided mindset that allows viable ideas to be advanced only by overturning what already exists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rovelli, Carlo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01465-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {585-587}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why bad philosophy is stopping progress in physics}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hunting extreme microbes that redefine the limits of life. NATURE, 641(8063), 583-584. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An adventurous survey of inhospitable habitats unearths extraordinary organisms that pose challenging research questions. An adventurous survey of inhospitable habitats unearths extraordinary organisms that pose challenging research questions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Teske, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01464-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {583-584}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hunting extreme microbes that redefine the limits of life}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How political attacks could crush the mRNA vaccine revolution. NATURE, 641(8063), 580-582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Drug makers are scrambling to navigate an ‘existential threat’ to a once-celebrated technology. Drug makers are scrambling to navigate an ‘existential threat’ to a once-celebrated technology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01462-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {580-582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How political attacks could crush the mRNA vaccine revolution}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is it OK for AI to write science papers? nature survey shows researchers are split. NATURE, 641(8063), 574-578. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Poll of 5,000 researchers finds contrasting views on when it’s acceptable to involve AI and what needs to be disclosed. Poll of 5,000 researchers finds contrasting views on when it’s acceptable to involve AI and what needs to be disclosed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01463-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {574-578}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is it OK for AI to write science papers? nature survey shows researchers are split}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Second chance’: Convicted US chemist charles lieber moves to chinese university. NATURE, 641(8063), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Former Harvard scientist convicted of making false statements says he wants to do research that benefits humanity — and cannot do that in the United States. Former Harvard scientist convicted of making false statements says he wants to do research that benefits humanity — and cannot do that in the United States.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01410-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Second chance’: Convicted US chemist charles lieber moves to chinese university}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How climate change will burden our children: Data reveal a lifetime of extreme heat. NATURE, 641(8063), 571-572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Young people will be exposed to a number of heatwaves that no one would have experienced in pre-industrial times. Young people will be exposed to a number of heatwaves that no one would have experienced in pre-industrial times.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biever, Celeste}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01417-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {571-572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How climate change will burden our children: Data reveal a lifetime of extreme heat}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Revealed: The unusual mathematics that gives rose petals their shape. NATURE, 641(8063), 570-571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Petals’ pointy edges rely on a type of geometric feedback never before seen in nature. Petals’ pointy edges rely on a type of geometric feedback never before seen in nature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01394-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {570-571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Revealed: The unusual mathematics that gives rose petals their shape}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Blood of man who’s had 200 snake bites helps make a potent antivenom. NATURE, 641(8063), 569-570. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Treatment combines existing drug with antibodies from hyper-immune reptile collector, raising both hopes and ethical concerns. Treatment combines existing drug with antibodies from hyper-immune reptile collector, raising both hopes and ethical concerns.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01325-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {569-570}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Blood of man who’s had 200 snake bites helps make a potent antivenom}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI scientist ‘team’ joins the search for extraterrestrial life. NATURE, 641(8063), 568-569. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The collaborative system generated more than 100 hypotheses relating to the origins of life in the Universe. The collaborative system generated more than 100 hypotheses relating to the origins of life in the Universe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biever, Celeste}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01364-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {568-569}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI scientist ‘team’ joins the search for extraterrestrial life}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Controversial geoengineering projects to test earth-cooling tech funded by UK agency. NATURE, 641(8063), 567-568. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Advanced Research and Invention Agency is investing £57 million to study climate-manipulating technologies, but says it is taking a cautious approach. The Advanced Research and Invention Agency is investing £57 million to study climate-manipulating technologies, but says it is taking a cautious approach.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Callaghan, Jonathan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01389-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {567-568}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Controversial geoengineering projects to test earth-cooling tech funded by UK agency}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump proposes unprecedented budget cuts to US science. NATURE, 641(8063), 565-566. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Huge reductions, if enacted, could have ‘catastrophic’ effects on US competitiveness and the scientific pipeline, critics say. Huge reductions, if enacted, could have ‘catastrophic’ effects on US competitiveness and the scientific pipeline, critics say.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff and Garisto, Dan and Kozlov, Max and Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01397-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {565-566}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump proposes unprecedented budget cuts to US science}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s dementia incidence is rising fast ― outpacing the global average. NATURE, 641(8063), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Public-health measures to curb high blood-sugar levels, smoking and obesity could help to rein in the trend. Public-health measures to curb high blood-sugar levels, smoking and obesity could help to rein in the trend.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01384-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s dementia incidence is rising fast ― outpacing the global average}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Forever’ molecules arrange themselves into cell-like structures. NATURE, 641(8063), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {At sufficiently high concentrations, some of the compounds called per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances self-organize into two-layered membranes. At sufficiently high concentrations, some of the compounds called per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances self-organize into two-layered membranes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01385-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Forever’ molecules arrange themselves into cell-like structures}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How korea’s female divers have adapted to cold plunges. NATURE, 641(8063), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Haenyeo divers of the Korean island of Jeju have a genetic variant linked to pain tolerance, as do other people living on Jeju. The Haenyeo divers of the Korean island of Jeju have a genetic variant linked to pain tolerance, as do other people living on Jeju.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01386-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How korea’s female divers have adapted to cold plunges}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rice paddies produce food for billions ― and lots of methane. NATURE, 641(8063), 563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Just five nations account for more than three-quarters of the emissions of this potent greenhouse gas that stem from rice cultivation. Just five nations account for more than three-quarters of the emissions of this potent greenhouse gas that stem from rice cultivation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01387-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rice paddies produce food for billions ― and lots of methane}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). My PhD adviser was fired and i was collateral damage. i learnt how to build resilience into graduate school. NATURE, 641(8063), 561. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Students and institutions should treat PhD degrees as they would a job. Students and institutions should treat PhD degrees as they would a job.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dennis, Donovan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01461-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {561}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {My PhD adviser was fired and i was collateral damage. i learnt how to build resilience into graduate school}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nature project to encourage early-career researchers in peer review is working. NATURE, 641(8063), 560. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Science stands to benefit from a project in which experienced academics and early-career researchers co-review studies. Science stands to benefit from a project in which experienced academics and early-career researchers co-review studies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01460-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {560}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nature project to encourage early-career researchers in peer review is working}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do look up: How science and international cooperation closed the ozone hole. NATURE, 641(8063), 559-560. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Forty years ago this month, scientists reported that human activities had punctured Earth’s protective ozone layer. What happened next offers a masterclass in international science-diplomacy. Forty years ago this month, scientists reported that human activities had punctured Earth’s protective ozone layer. What happened next offers a masterclass in international science-diplomacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01459-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8063}, pages = {559-560}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do look up: How science and international cooperation closed the ozone hole}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: A melanocyte lineage program confers resistance to MAP kinase pathway inhibition. NATURE, 641(8062), E7. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Johannessen, Cory M. and Johnson, Laura A. and Piccioni, Federica and Townes, Aisha and Frederick, Dennie T. and Donahue, Melanie K. and Narayan, Rajiv and Flaherty, Keith T. and Wargo, Jennifer A. and Root, David E. and Garraway, Levi A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09027-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: A melanocyte lineage program confers resistance to MAP kinase pathway inhibition}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: Essential roles of PI(3)K–p110β in cell growth, metabolism and tumorigenesis. NATURE, 641(8062), E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Shidong and Liu, Zhenning and Zhang, Sen and Liu, Pixu and Zhang, Lei and Lee, Sang Hyun and Zhang, Jing and Signoretti, Sabina and Loda, Massimo and Roberts, Thomas M. and Zhao, Jean J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09026-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: Essential roles of PI(3)K–p110β in cell growth, metabolism and tumorigenesis}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Oncolytic virus VG161 in refractory hepatocellular carcinoma. NATURE, 641(8062), E5. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shen, Yinan and Bai, Xueli and Zhang, Qi and Liang, Xingmei and Jin, Xinyan and Zhao, Zeda and Song, Wei and Tan, Qian and Zhao, Ronghua and Jia, William and Gu, Shanzhi and Shi, Guoming and Zheng, Ziwei and Wei, Guyue and Wang, Youlei and Fang, Tian and Li, Yuwei and Wang, Zijun and Yang, Zifan and Guo, Sida and Lin, Danni and Wei, Fang and Wang, Lei and Sun, Xiaoli and Qin, Aijun and Xie, Longshen and Qiu, Yeting and Bao, Wenqing and Rahimian, Shah and Singh, Manu and Murad, Yanal and Shang, Jianying and Chu, Min and Huang, Maoliang and Ding, Jun and Chen, Wei and Ye, Yufu and Chen, Yiwen and Li, Xiang and Liang, Tingbo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09022-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E5}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Oncolytic virus VG161 in refractory hepatocellular carcinoma}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Global influence of soil texture on ecosystem water limitation. NATURE, 641(8062), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wankmüller, Fabian J. P. and Delval, Louis and Lehmann, Peter and Baur, Martin J. and Cecere, Andrea and Wolf, Sebastian and Or, Dani and Javaux, Mathieu and Carminati, Andrea}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08975-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Global influence of soil texture on ecosystem water limitation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Structure of the human dopamine transporter in complex with cocaine. NATURE, 641(8062), E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nielsen, Jeppe C. and Salomon, Kristine and Kalenderoglou, Iris E. and Bargmeyer, Sarah and Pape, Tillmann and Shahsavar, Azadeh and Loland, Claus J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08976-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Structure of the human dopamine transporter in complex with cocaine}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Continued atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes. NATURE, 641(8062), E2. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baker, J. A. and Bell, M. J. and Jackson, L. C. and Vallis, G. K. and Watson, A. J. and Wood, R. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08977-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {E2}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Continued atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I climb mountains in search of sustainable agricultural systems. NATURE, 641(8062), 552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Jiraporn Inthasan studies soils in Thailand’s plantations to identify farming methods that best absorb carbon. Jiraporn Inthasan studies soils in Thailand’s plantations to identify farming methods that best absorb carbon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchell Crow, James}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01355-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I climb mountains in search of sustainable agricultural systems}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Walking in two worlds: How an indigenous computer scientist is using AI to preserve threatened languages. NATURE, 641(8062), 548-550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Michael Running Wolf leads artificial-intelligence initiatives to revive lost languages and empower Indigenous people. Michael Running Wolf leads artificial-intelligence initiatives to revive lost languages and empower Indigenous people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01354-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {548-550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Walking in two worlds: How an indigenous computer scientist is using AI to preserve threatened languages}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can germany rein in its academic bullying problem?. NATURE, 641(8062), 545-547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers and administrators are exploring ways to restructure a rigid hierarchy that can breed power abuses. Researchers and administrators are exploring ways to restructure a rigid hierarchy that can breed power abuses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gewin, Virginia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01207-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {545-547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can germany rein in its academic bullying problem?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). GluA2-containing AMPA receptors form a continuum of ca2+-permeable channels. NATURE, 641(8062), 537-544. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain is mediated by cation-selective AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors (AMPARs)1. AMPARs are critical for the learning and memory mechanisms of Hebbian plasticity2 and glutamatergic synapse homeostasis3, with recent work establishing that AMPAR missense mutations can cause autism and intellectual disability4–7. AMPARs have been grouped into two functionally distinct tetrameric assemblies based on the inclusion or exclusion of the GluA2 subunit that determines Ca2+ permeability through RNA editing8,9. GluA2-containing AMPARs are the most abundant in the central nervous system and considered to be Ca2+ impermeable10. Here we show this is not the case. Contrary to conventional understanding, GluA2-containing AMPARs form a continuum of polyamine-insensitive ion channels with varying degrees of Ca2+ permeability. Their ability to transport Ca2+ is shaped by the subunit composition of AMPAR tetramers as well as the spatial orientation of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins and cornichon auxiliary subunits. Ca2+ crosses the ion-conduction pathway by docking to an extracellular binding site that helps funnel divalent ions into the pore selectivity filter. The dynamic range in Ca2+ permeability, however, arises because auxiliary subunits primarily modify the selectivity filter. Taken together, our work proposes a broader role for AMPARs in Ca2+ signalling in the mammalian brain and offers mechanistic insight into the pathogenic nature of missense mutations. GluA2-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are not Ca2+ impermeable, and their ability to transport Ca2+ is shaped by the subunit composition of AMPAR tetramers as well as the orientation of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins and cornichon auxiliary subunits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miguez-Cabello, Federico and Wang, Xin-tong and Yan, Yuhao and Brake, Niklas and Alexander, Ryan P. D. and Perozzo, Amanda M. and Khadra, Anmar and Bowie, Derek}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08736-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {537-544}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {GluA2-containing AMPA receptors form a continuum of ca2+-permeable channels}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural dynamics of human fatty acid synthase in the condensing cycle. NATURE, 641(8062), 529-536. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Long-chain fatty acids are the building blocks of fat in human bodies. In mammals, fatty acid synthase (FASN) contains multiple enzymatic domains to catalyse all chemical reactions needed for de novo fatty acid synthesis1. Although the chemical reactions carried out by these enzymatic domains are well defined, how the dimeric FASN with an open architecture continuously catalyses such reactions to synthesize a complete fatty acid remains elusive. Here, using a strategy of tagging and purifying endogenous FASN in HEK293T cells for single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies, we characterized the structural dynamics of endogenous human FASN. We captured conformational snapshots of various functional substates in the condensing cycle and developed a procedure to analyse the particle distribution landscape of FASN with different orientations between its condensing and modifying wings. Together, our findings reveal that FASN function does not require a large rotational motion between its two main functional domains during the condensing cycle, and that the catalytic reactions in the condensing cycle carried out by the two monomers are unsynchronized. Our data thus provide a new composite view of FASN dynamics during the fatty acid synthesis condensing cycle. A study examines functional human endogenous fatty acid synthase and characterizes its structural dynamics using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, providing insights into its dynamics during the fatty acid synthesis condensing cycle.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Choi, Wooyoung and Li, Chengmin and Chen, Yifei and Wang, YongQiang and Cheng, Yifan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08782-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {529-536}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural dynamics of human fatty acid synthase in the condensing cycle}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. NATURE, 641(8062), 520-528. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mammalian fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme is a dynamic multienzyme that belongs to the megasynthase family. In mammals, a single gene encodes six catalytically active domains and a flexibly tethered acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain that shuttles intermediates between active sites for fatty acid biosynthesis1. FASN is an essential enzyme in mammalian development through the role that fatty acids have in membrane formation, energy storage, cell signalling and protein modifications. Thus, FASN is a promising target for treatment of a large variety of diseases including cancer, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and viral and parasite infections2,3. The multi-faceted mechanism of FASN and the dynamic nature of the protein, in particular of the ACP, have made it challenging to understand at the molecular level. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human FASN in a multitude of conformational states with NADPH and NADP+ plus acetoacetyl-CoA present, including structures with the ACP stalled at the dehydratase (DH) and enoyl-reductase (ER) domains. We show that FASN activity in vitro and de novo lipogenesis in cells is inhibited by mutations at the ACP–DH and ACP–ER interfaces. Together, these studies provide new molecular insights into the dynamic nature of FASN and the ACP shuttling mechanism, with implications for developing improved FASN-targeted therapeutics. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the structures of mammalian fatty acid synthase reveal how the acyl carrier protein dynamically shuttles intermediates between selected active sites.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schultz, Kollin and Costa-Pinheiro, Pedro and Gardner, Lauren and Pinheiro, Laura V. and Ramirez-Solis, Julio and Gardner, Sarah M. and Wellen, Kathryn E. and Marmorstein, Ronen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {520-528}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The RAD52 double-ring remodels replication forks restricting fork reversal. NATURE, 641(8062), 512-519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human RAD52 is a multifunctional DNA repair protein involved in several cellular events that support genome stability, including protection of stalled DNA replication forks from excessive degradation1–4. In its gatekeeper role, RAD52 binds to and stabilizes stalled replication forks during replication stress, protecting them from reversal by SMARCAL1 motor3. The structural and molecular mechanism of the RAD52-mediated fork protection remains elusive. Here, using P1 nuclease sensitivity, biochemical and single-molecule analyses, we show that RAD52 dynamically remodels replication forks through its strand exchange activity. The presence of the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA at the fork modulates the kinetics of the strand exchange without impeding the reaction outcome. Mass photometry and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy show that the replication fork promotes a unique nucleoprotein structure containing head-to-head arrangement of two undecameric RAD52 rings with an extended positively charged surface that accommodates all three arms of the replication fork. We propose that the formation and continuity of this surface is important for the strand exchange reaction and for competition with SMARCAL1. A head-to-head double-ring complex of the human multifunctional DNA repair protein RAD52 mediates protection of stalled replication forks during replication stress, protecting them from reversal by SMARCAL1 motor.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Honda, Masayoshi and Razzaghi, Mortezaali and Gaur, Paras and Malacaria, Eva and Marozzi, Giorgia and Di Biagi, Ludovica and Aiello, Francesca Antonella and Paintsil, Emeleeta A. and Stanfield, Andrew J. and Deppe, Bailey J. and Gakhar, Lokesh and Schnicker, Nicholas J. and Spies, M. Ashley and Pichierri, Pietro and Spies, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08753-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {512-519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The RAD52 double-ring remodels replication forks restricting fork reversal}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Oncolytic virus VG161 in refractory hepatocellular carcinoma. NATURE, 641(8062), 503-511. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a life-threatening malignancy with limited therapeutic options following the failure of second-line treatments1,2. Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells, releasing neoantigens and stimulating systemic antitumour immunity3, offering a potential therapeutic option. Here we present the results of a multicentre phase 1 clinical trial evaluating VG161, an engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus that expresses IL-12, IL-15, IL-15Rα and a PD-1–PD-L1-blocking fusion protein4, for safety and efficacy in patients with advanced liver cancer. VG161 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities observed, and it demonstrated promising efficacy by reshaping the tumour immune microenvironment and re-sensitizing tumours that were previously resistant to systemic treatments. Notably, we also found that patients who had previously been sensitive to checkpoint inhibitor therapy showed enhanced efficacy with VG161 treatment. Furthermore, we developed an efficacy-prediction model based on differentially expressed genes, which successfully identified patients who were likely to benefit from VG161 and predicted prolonged overall survival. These findings position VG161 as a promising third-line therapeutic option for refractory hepatocellular carcinoma. This provides a new avenue for treatment and advances the field of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapies. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04806464 . Results of a multicentre phase 1 clinical trial evaluating treatment with the engineered herpes simplex virus VG161 in advanced liver cancer indicate a good safety profile and promising efficacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shen, Yinan and Bai, Xueli and Zhang, Qi and Liang, Xingmei and Jin, Xinyan and Zhao, Zeda and Song, Wei and Tan, Qian and Zhao, Ronghua and Jia, William and Gu, Shanzhi and Shi, Guoming and Zheng, Ziwei and Wei, Guyue and Wang, Youlei and Fang, Tian and Li, Yuwei and Wang, Zijun and Yang, Zifan and Guo, Sida and Lin, Danni and Wei, Fang and Wang, Lei and Sun, Xiaoli and Qin, Aijun and Xie, Longshen and Qiu, Yeting and Bao, Wenqing and Rahimian, Shah and Singh, Manu and Murad, Yanal and Shang, Jianying and Chu, Min and Huang, Maoliang and Ding, Jun and Chen, Wei and Ye, Yufu and Chen, Yiwen and Li, Xiang and Liang, Tingbo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08717-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {503-511}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Oncolytic virus VG161 in refractory hepatocellular carcinoma}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Regulated somatic hypermutation enhances antibody affinity maturation. NATURE, 641(8062), 495-502. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Germinal centres are specialized microenvironments where B cells undergo affinity maturation. B cells expressing antibodies whose affinity is improved by somatic hypermutation are selected for expansion by limiting numbers of T follicular helper cells. Cell division is accompanied by mutation of the immunoglobulin genes, at what is believed to be a fixed rate of around 1 × 10−3 per base pair per cell division1. As mutagenesis is random, the probability of acquiring deleterious mutations outweighs the probability of acquiring affinity-enhancing mutations. This effect might be heightened, and even become counterproductive, in B cells that express high-affinity antibodies and undergo the greatest number of cell divisions2. Here we experimentally examine a theoretical model that explains how affinity maturation could be optimized by varying the rate of somatic hypermutation such that cells that express higher-affinity antibodies divide more but mutate less per division. Data obtained from mice immunized with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines or a model antigen align with the theoretical model and show that cells producing high-affinity antibodies shorten the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and reduce their mutation rates. We propose that these mechanisms safeguard high-affinity B cell lineages and enhance the outcomes of antibody affinity maturation. Germinal centre B cells modify their mutation rate to preserve high-affinity receptors, thereby safeguarding high-affinity B cell lineages and enhancing the outcomes of antibody affinity maturation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Merkenschlager, Julia and Pyo, Andrew G. T. and Silva Santos, Gabriela S. and Schaefer-Babajew, Dennis and Cipolla, Melissa and Hartweger, Harald and Gitlin, Alexander D. and Wingreen, Ned S. and Nussenzweig, Michel C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08728-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {495-502}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Regulated somatic hypermutation enhances antibody affinity maturation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transient silencing of hypermutation preserves b cell affinity during clonal bursting. NATURE, 641(8062), 486-494. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the course of antibody affinity maturation, germinal centre (GC) B cells mutate their immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain genes in a process known as somatic hypermutation (SHM)1–4. Panels of mutant B cells with different binding affinities for antigens are then selected in a Darwinian manner, which leads to a progressive increase in affinity among the population5. As with any Darwinian process, rare gain-of-fitness mutations must be identified and common loss-of-fitness mutations avoided6. Progressive acquisition of mutations therefore poses a risk during large proliferative bursts7, when GC B cells undergo several cell cycles in the absence of affinity-based selection8–13. Using a combination of in vivo mouse experiments and mathematical modelling, here we show that GCs achieve this balance by strongly suppressing SHM during clonal-burst-type expansion, so that a large fraction of the progeny generated by these bursts does not deviate from their ancestral genotype. Intravital imaging and image-based cell sorting of a mouse strain carrying a reporter of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity showed that B cells that are actively undergoing proliferative bursts lack the transient CDK2low ‘G0-like’ phase of the cell cycle in which SHM takes place. We propose a model in which inertially cycling B cells mostly delay SHM until the G0-like phase that follows their final round of division in the GC dark zone, thus maintaining affinity as they clonally expand in the absence of selection. B cell germinal centres achieve a balance between clonal expansion and sequence diversification by suppressing somatic hypermutation during proliferative clonal bursts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pae, Juhee and Schwan, Niklas and Ottino-Loffler, Bertrand and DeWitt, William S. and Garg, Amar and Bortolatto, Juliana and Vora, Ashni A. and Shen, Jin-Jie and Hobbs, Alvaro and Castro, Tiago B. R. and Mesin, Luka and Matsen, Frederick A. and Meyer-Hermann, Michael and Victora, Gabriel D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08687-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {486-494}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transient silencing of hypermutation preserves b cell affinity during clonal bursting}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sensing ceramides by CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 to aggravate atherosclerosis. NATURE, 641(8062), 476-485. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent evidence has shown that increased levels of circulating long-chain ceramides predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease independently of cholesterol1,2. Although targeting ceramide signalling may provide therapeutic benefits beyond the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia, the underlying mechanism by which circulating ceramides aggravate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Here we examine whether circulating long-chain ceramides activate membrane G-protein-coupled receptors to exacerbate atherosclerosis. We perform a systematic screen that combines G-protein-signalling quantification, bioinformatic analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor expression and functional examination of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results suggest that CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 are potential endogenous receptors of C16:0 ceramide-induced inflammasome activation in both endothelial cells and macrophages. Inhibition of CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 genetically or pharmacologically alleviates ceramide-induced atherosclerosis aggravation. Moreover, increased ceramide levels correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. Notably, CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 deficiency mitigates chronic-kidney-disease-aggravated atherosclerosis in mice without affecting cholesterol or ceramide levels. Structural analyses of ceramide–CYSLTR2–Gq complexes reveal that both C16:0 and C20:0 ceramides bind in an inclined channel-like ligand-binding pocket on CYSLTR2. We further reveal an unconventional mechanism underlying ceramide-induced CYSLTR2 activation and the CYSLTR2–Gq interface. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular mechanisms of how long-chain ceramides initiate transmembrane Gq and inflammasome signalling through direct binding to CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 receptors. Therefore, blocking these signals may provide a new therapeutic potential to treat atherosclerosis-related diseases. CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 are identified as endogenous ceramide receptors, and inhibition of these ameliorates atherosclerosis, particularly in chronic-kidney-disease-associated cardiovascular disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Siting and Lin, Hui and Wang, Jiale and Rui, Jingyu and Wang, Tengwei and Cai, Zeyu and Huang, Shenming and Gao, Yanxiang and Ma, Tianfeng and Fan, Rui and Dai, Rongbo and Li, Zhiqing and Jia, Yiting and Chen, Qiang and He, HaoMing and Tan, Jiaai and Zhu, Shirong and Gu, Rui and Dong, Zhigang and Li, Meihong and Xie, Enmin and Fu, Yi and Zheng, Jingang and Jiang, Changtao and Sun, Jinpeng and Kong, Wei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08792-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {476-485}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sensing ceramides by CYSLTR2 and P2RY6 to aggravate atherosclerosis}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic cytoskeletal regulation of cell shape supports resilience of lymphatic endothelium. NATURE, 641(8062), 465-475. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lymphatic capillaries continuously take up interstitial fluid and adapt to resulting changes in vessel calibre1–3. The mechanisms by which the permeable monolayer of loosely connected lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs)4 maintains mechanical stability remain elusive. Here we identify dynamic cytoskeletal regulation of LEC shape, induced by isotropic stretch, as crucial for the integrity and function of dermal lymphatic capillaries. We found that the oak leaf-shaped LECs showed a spectrum of VE-cadherin-based junctional configurations at the lobular intercellular interface and a unique cytoskeletal organization, with microtubules at concave regions and F-actin at convex lobes. Multispectral and longitudinal intravital imaging of capillary LEC shape and actin revealed dynamic remodelling of cellular overlaps in vivo during homeostasis and in response to interstitial fluid volume increase. Akin to puzzle cells of the plant epidermis5,6, LEC shape was controlled by Rho GTPase CDC42-regulated cytoskeletal dynamics, enhancing monolayer stability. Moreover, cyclic isotropic stretch increased cellular overlaps and junction curvature in primary LECs. Our findings indicate that capillary LEC shape results from continuous remodelling of cellular overlaps that maintain vessel integrity while preserving permeable cell–cell contacts compatible with vessel expansion and fluid uptake. We propose a bellows-like fluid propulsion mechanism, in which fluid-induced lumen expansion and shrinkage of LEC overlaps are countered by actin-based lamellipodia-like overlap extension to aid vessel constriction. Dynamic cytoskeletal regulation of lymphatic endothelial cell shape, induced by isotropic stretch and crucial for dermal lymphatic capillary function, is identified and found to result from continuous remodelling of cellular overlaps that maintain vessel integrity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schoofs, Hans and Daubel, Nina and Schnabellehner, Sarah and Grönloh, Max L. B. and Palacios Martínez, Sebastián and Halme, Aleksi and Marks, Amanda M. and Jeansson, Marie and Barcos, Sara and Brakebusch, Cord and Benedito, Rui and Engelhardt, Britta and Vestweber, Dietmar and Gaengel, Konstantin and Linsenmeier, Fabian and Schürmann, Sebastian and Saharinen, Pipsa and van Buul, Jaap D. and Friedrich, Oliver and Smith, Richard S. and Majda, Mateusz and Mäkinen, Taija}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08724-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {465-475}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic cytoskeletal regulation of cell shape supports resilience of lymphatic endothelium}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bifidobacteria support optimal infant vaccine responses. NATURE, 641(8062), 456-464. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1–4; however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy, vaginally born, term infants from birth to 15 months, using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination. Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age. Blood from infants exposed to neonatal antibiotics had an inflammatory transcriptional profile before vaccination; in addition, faecal metagenomics showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium species in these infants at the time of vaccination, which was correlated with reduced vaccine antibody titres 6 months later. In preclinical models, responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were strongly dependent on an intact microbiota but could be restored in germ-free mice by administering a consortium of Bifidobacterium species or a probiotic already widely used in neonatal units. Our data suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on vaccine immunogenicity. Neonatal antibiotic use is shown to reduce immune response to infant vaccines, accompanied by reduced abundance of Bifidobacteria in the gut microbiota, with experiments in mice indicating that probiotic therapy could be beneficial.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ryan, Feargal J. and Clarke, Michelle and Lynn, Miriam A. and Benson, Saoirse C. and McAlister, Sonia and Giles, Lynne C. and Choo, Jocelyn M. and Rossouw, Charné and Ng, Yan Yung and Semchenko, Evgeny A. and Richard, Alyson and Leong, Lex E. X. and Taylor, Steven L. and Blake, Stephen J. and Mugabushaka, Joyce I. and Walker, Mary and Wesselingh, Steve L. and Licciardi, Paul V. and Seib, Kate L. and Tumes, Damon J. and Richmond, Peter and Rogers, Geraint B. and Marshall, Helen S. and Lynn, David J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08796-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {456-464}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bifidobacteria support optimal infant vaccine responses}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolution of temperature preference in flies of the genus drosophila. NATURE, 641(8062), 447-455. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The preference for a particular thermal range is a key determinant of the distribution of animal species. However, we know little on how temperature preference behaviour evolves during the colonization of new environments. Here we show that at least two distinct neurobiological mechanisms drive the evolution of temperature preference in flies of the genus Drosophila. Fly species from mild climates (D. melanogaster and D. persimilis) avoid both innocuous and noxious heat, and we show that the thermal activation threshold of the molecular heat receptor Gr28b.d precisely matches species-specific thresholds of behavioural heat avoidance. We find that desert-dwelling D. mojavensis are instead actively attracted to innocuous heat. Notably, heat attraction is also mediated by Gr28b.d (and by the antennal neurons that express it) and matches its threshold of heat activation. Rather, the switch in valence from heat aversion to attraction correlates with specific changes in thermosensory input to the lateral horn, the main target of central thermosensory pathways and a region of the fly brain implicated in the processing of innate valence1–5. Together, our results demonstrate that, in Drosophila, the adaptation to different thermal niches involves changes in thermal preference behaviour, and that this can be accomplished using distinct neurobiological solutions, ranging from shifts in the activation threshold of peripheral thermosensory receptor proteins to a substantial change in the way temperature valence is processed in the brain. A study using flies of the genus Drosophila adapted to life in diverse thermal environments shows how evolution has shaped temperature preference by acting on both molecular heat receptors and thermosensory circuits in the flies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Capek, Matthew and Arenas, Oscar M. and Alpert, Michael H. and Zaharieva, Emanuela E. and Méndez-González, Iván D. and Simões, José Miguel and Gil, Hamin and Acosta, Aldair and Su, Yuqing and Para, Alessia and Gallio, Marco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08682-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {447-455}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolution of temperature preference in flies of the genus drosophila}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A natural experiment on the effect of herpes zoster vaccination on dementia. NATURE, 641(8062), 438-446. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neurotropic herpesviruses may be implicated in the development of dementia1–5. Moreover, vaccines may have important off-target immunological effects6–9. Here we aim to determine the effect of live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccination on the occurrence of dementia diagnoses. To provide causal as opposed to correlational evidence, we take advantage of the fact that, in Wales, eligibility for the zoster vaccine was determined on the basis of an individual’s exact date of birth. Those born before 2 September 1933 were ineligible and remained ineligible for life, whereas those born on or after 2 September 1933 were eligible for at least 1 year to receive the vaccine. Using large-scale electronic health record data, we first show that the percentage of adults who received the vaccine increased from 0.01% among patients who were merely 1 week too old to be eligible, to 47.2% among those who were just 1 week younger. Apart from this large difference in the probability of ever receiving the zoster vaccine, individuals born just 1 week before 2 September 1933 are unlikely to differ systematically from those born 1 week later. Using these comparison groups in a regression discontinuity design, we show that receiving the zoster vaccine reduced the probability of a new dementia diagnosis over a follow-up period of 7 years by 3.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6–7.1, P = 0.019), corresponding to a 20.0% (95% CI = 6.5–33.4) relative reduction. This protective effect was stronger among women than men. We successfully confirm our findings in a different population (England and Wales’s combined population), with a different type of data (death certificates) and using an outcome (deaths with dementia as primary cause) that is closely related to dementia, but less reliant on a timely diagnosis of dementia by the healthcare system10. Through the use of a unique natural experiment, this study provides evidence of a dementia-preventing or dementia-delaying effect from zoster vaccination that is less vulnerable to confounding and bias than the existing associational evidence. Using a natural experiment that avoids common bias concerns, this study finds that the live-attenuated shingles vaccine reduced the probability of a new dementia diagnosis within a follow-up period of 7 years by approximately one-fifth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eyting, Markus and Xie, Min and Michalik, Felix and Heß, Simon and Chung, Seunghun and Geldsetzer, Pascal}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08800-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {438-446}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A natural experiment on the effect of herpes zoster vaccination on dementia}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset. NATURE, 641(8062), 427-437. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chronic stress remodels brain homeostasis, in which persistent change leads to depressive disorders1. As a key modulator of brain homeostasis2, it remains elusive whether and how brain autophagy is engaged in stress dynamics. Here we discover that acute stress activates, whereas chronic stress suppresses, autophagy mainly in the lateral habenula (LHb). Systemic administration of distinct antidepressant drugs similarly restores autophagy function in the LHb, suggesting LHb autophagy as a common antidepressant target. Genetic ablation of LHb neuronal autophagy promotes stress susceptibility, whereas enhancing LHb autophagy exerts rapid antidepressant-like effects. LHb autophagy controls neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and plasticity by means of on-demand degradation of glutamate receptors. Collectively, this study shows a causal role of LHb autophagy in maintaining emotional homeostasis against stress. Disrupted LHb autophagy is implicated in the maladaptation to chronic stress, and its reversal by autophagy enhancers provides a new antidepressant strategy. Acute stress activates autophagy in the lateral habenula, whereas chronic stress suppresses it, with this autophagy having a causal role in maintaining emotional homeostasis against stress, and its restoration through autophagy enhancers offers a novel antidepressant strategy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Liang and Guo, Chen and Zheng, Zhiwei and Dong, Yiyan and Xie, Qifeng and Lv, Zijian and Li, Min and Lu, Yangyang and Guo, Xiaonan and Deng, Rongshan and Liu, Yiqin and Feng, Yirong and Mu, Ruiqi and Zhang, Xuliang and Ma, Huan and Chen, Zhong and Zhang, Zhijun and Dong, Zhaoqi and Yang, Wei and Zhang, Xiangnan and Cui, Yihui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08807-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {427-437}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stress dynamically modulates neuronal autophagy to gate depression onset}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The contribution of de novo coding mutations to meningomyelocele. NATURE, 641(8062), 419-426. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Meningomyelocele (also known as spina bifida) is considered to be a genetically complex disease resulting from a failure of the neural tube to close. Individuals with meningomyelocele display neuromotor disability and frequent hydrocephalus, requiring ventricular shunting. A few genes have been proposed to contribute to disease susceptibility, but beyond that it remains unexplained1. We postulated that de novo mutations under purifying selection contribute to the risk of developing meningomyelocele2. Here we recruited a cohort of 851 meningomyelocele trios who required shunting at birth and 732 control trios, and found that de novo likely gene disruption or damaging missense mutations occurred in approximately 22.3% of subjects, with 28% of such variants estimated to contribute to disease risk. The 187 genes with damaging de novo mutations collectively define networks including actin cytoskeleton and microtubule-based processes, Netrin-1 signalling and chromatin-modifying enzymes. Gene validation demonstrated partial or complete loss of function, impaired signalling and defective closure of the neural tube in Xenopus embryos. Our results indicate that de novo mutations make key contributions to meningomyelocele risk, and highlight critical pathways required for neural tube closure in human embryogenesis. Exome sequencing of 851 trios from more than 2,500 individuals finds 187 genes with de novo mutations that contribute to meningomyelocele (spina bifida) and highlights critical pathways required for neural tube closure.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ha, Yoo-Jin Jiny and Nisal, Ashna and Tang, Isaac and Lee, Chanjae and Jhamb, Ishani and Wallace, Cassidy and Howarth, Robyn and Schroeder, Sarah and Vong, Keng Ioi and Meave, Naomi and Jiwani, Fiza and Barrows, Chelsea and Lee, Sangmoon and Jiang, Nan and Patel, Arzoo and Bagga, Krisha and Banka, Niyati and Friedman, Liana and Blanco, Francisco A. and Yu, Seyoung and Rhee, Soeun and Jeong, Hui Su and Plutzer, Isaac and Major, Michael B. and Benoit, Béatrice and Poüs, Christian and Heffner, Caleb and Kibar, Zoha and Bot, Gyang Markus and Northrup, Hope and Au, Kit Sing and Strain, Madison and Ashley-Koch, Allison E. and Finnell, Richard H. and Le, Joan T. and Meltzer, Hal S. and Araujo, Camila and Machado, Helio R. and Stevenson, Roger E. and Yurrita, Anna and Mumtaz, Sara and Ahmed, Awais and Khara, Mulazim Hussain and Mutchinick, Osvaldo M. and Medina-Bereciartu, José Ramón and Hildebrandt, Friedhelm and Melikishvili, Gia and Marwan, Ahmed I. and Capra, Valeria and Noureldeen, Mahmoud M. and Salem, Aida M. S. and Issa, Mahmoud Y. and Zaki, Maha S. and Xu, Libin and Lee, Ji Eun and Shin, Donghyuk and Alkelai, Anna and Shuldiner, Alan R. and Kingsmore, Stephen F. and Murray, Stephen A. and Gee, Heon Yung and Miller, W. Todd and Tolias, Kimberley F. and Wallingford, John B. and Kim, Sangwoo and Gleeson, Joseph G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08676-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {419-426}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The contribution of de novo coding mutations to meningomyelocele}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complete sequencing of ape genomes. NATURE, 641(8062), 401-418. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The most dynamic and repetitive regions of great ape genomes have traditionally been excluded from comparative studies1–3. Consequently, our understanding of the evolution of our species is incomplete. Here we present haplotype-resolved reference genomes and comparative analyses of six ape species: chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang. We achieve chromosome-level contiguity with substantial sequence accuracy (<1 error in 2.7 megabases) and completely sequence 215 gapless chromosomes telomere-to-telomere. We resolve challenging regions, such as the major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin loci, to provide in-depth evolutionary insights. Comparative analyses enabled investigations of the evolution and diversity of regions previously uncharacterized or incompletely studied without bias from mapping to the human reference genome. Such regions include newly minted gene families in lineage-specific segmental duplications, centromeric DNA, acrocentric chromosomes and subterminal heterochromatin. This resource serves as a comprehensive baseline for future evolutionary studies of humans and our closest living ape relatives. Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yoo, DongAhn and Rhie, Arang and Hebbar, Prajna and Antonacci, Francesca and Logsdon, Glennis A. and Solar, Steven J. and Antipov, Dmitry and Pickett, Brandon D. and Safonova, Yana and Montinaro, Francesco and Luo, Yanting and Malukiewicz, Joanna and Storer, Jessica M. and Lin, Jiadong and Sequeira, Abigail N. and Mangan, Riley J. and Hickey, Glenn and Monfort Anez, Graciela and Balachandran, Parithi and Bankevich, Anton and Beck, Christine R. and Biddanda, Arjun and Borchers, Matthew and Bouffard, Gerard G. and Brannan, Emry and Brooks, Shelise Y. and Carbone, Lucia and Carrel, Laura and Chan, Agnes P. and Crawford, Juyun and Diekhans, Mark and Engelbrecht, Eric and Feschotte, Cedric and Formenti, Giulio and Garcia, Gage H. and de Gennaro, Luciana and Gilbert, David and Green, Richard E. and Guarracino, Andrea and Gupta, Ishaan and Haddad, Diana and Han, Junmin and Harris, Robert S. and Hartley, Gabrielle A. and Harvey, William T. and Hiller, Michael and Hoekzema, Kendra and Houck, Marlys L. and Jeong, Hyeonsoo and Kamali, Kaivan and Kellis, Manolis and Kille, Bryce and Lee, Chul and Lee, Youngho and Lees, William and Lewis, Alexandra P. and Li, Qiuhui and Loftus, Mark and Loh, Yong Hwee Eddie and Loucks, Hailey and Ma, Jian and Mao, Yafei and Martinez, Juan F. I. and Masterson, Patrick and McCoy, Rajiv C. and McGrath, Barbara and McKinney, Sean and Meyer, Britta S. and Miga, Karen H. and Mohanty, Saswat K. and Munson, Katherine M. and Pal, Karol and Pennell, Matt and Pevzner, Pavel A. and Porubsky, David and Potapova, Tamara and Ringeling, Francisca R. and Rocha, Joana L. and Ryder, Oliver A. and Sacco, Samuel and Saha, Swati and Sasaki, Takayo and Schatz, Michael C. and Schork, Nicholas J. and Shanks, Cole and Smeds, Linnéa and Son, Dongmin R. and Steiner, Cynthia and Sweeten, Alexander P. and Tassia, Michael G. and Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise and Torres-González, Edmundo and Trivedi, Mihir and Wei, Wenjie and Wertz, Julie and Yang, Muyu and Zhang, Panpan and Zhang, Shilong and Zhang, Yang and Zhang, Zhenmiao and Zhao, Sarah A. and Zhu, Yixin and Jarvis, Erich D. and Gerton, Jennifer L. and Rivas-González, Iker and Paten, Benedict and Szpiech, Zachary A. and Huber, Christian D. and Lenz, Tobias L. and Konkel, Miriam K. and Yi, Soojin V. and Canzar, Stefan and Watson, Corey T. and Sudmant, Peter H. and Molloy, Erin and Garrison, Erik and Lowe, Craig B. and Ventura, Mario and O’Neill, Rachel J. and Koren, Sergey and Makova, Kateryna D. and Phillippy, Adam M. and Eichler, Evan E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08816-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {401-418}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complete sequencing of ape genomes}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The global human impact on biodiversity. NATURE, 641(8062), 395-400. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human activities drive a wide range of environmental pressures, including habitat change, pollution and climate change, resulting in unprecedented effects on biodiversity1,2. However, despite decades of research, generalizations on the dimensions and extent of human impacts on biodiversity remain ambiguous. Mixed views persist on the trajectory of biodiversity at the local scale3 and even more so on the biotic homogenization of biodiversity across space4,5. We compiled 2,133 publications covering 97,783 impacted and reference sites, creating an unparallelled dataset of 3,667 independent comparisons of biodiversity impacts across all main organismal groups, habitats and the five most predominant human pressures1,6. For all comparisons, we quantified three key measures of biodiversity to assess how these human pressures drive homogenization and shifts in composition of biological communities across space and changes in local diversity, respectively. We show that human pressures distinctly shift community composition and decrease local diversity across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Yet, contrary to long-standing expectations, there is no clear general homogenization of communities. Critically, the direction and magnitude of biodiversity changes vary across pressures, organisms and scales at which they are studied. Our exhaustive global analysis reveals the general impact and key mediating factors of human pressures on biodiversity and can benchmark conservation strategies. Key measures of biodiversity were quantified and found to be affected by human pressures that shifted community composition and decreased local diversity across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Keck, François and Peller, Tianna and Alther, Roman and Barouillet, Cécilia and Blackman, Rosetta and Capo, Eric and Chonova, Teofana and Couton, Marjorie and Fehlinger, Lena and Kirschner, Dominik and Knüsel, Mara and Muneret, Lucile and Oester, Rebecca and Tapolczai, Kálmán and Zhang, Heng and Altermatt, Florian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08752-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {395-400}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The global human impact on biodiversity}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pacific hotspots reveal a Louisville–Ontong java nui tectonic link. NATURE, 641(8062), 388-394. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Volcanic hotspots are thought to form by melting in an upwelling mantle plume head followed by melting of the plume tail. Plate motion then generates an age-progressive volcanic track originating from a large igneous province to a currently active hotspot. The most voluminous large igneous province, the approximately 120-million-year-old Ontong Java Nui Plateau (OJP-Nui) in the mid-Pacific, however, lacks an obvious volcanic track. Although the Louisville hotspot track was originally proposed as a candidate, limited constraints for Pacific absolute plate and plume motion before 80 million years ago (Ma) suggest a mismatch1. Existing Pacific models rely on age–distance data from the continuous Hawai‘i–Emperor and Louisville tracks, but their tracks older than approximately 80 Ma are subducted. Elsewhere on the Pacific Plate, only discontinuous seamount tracks that formed before 80 Ma are documented2–7. Currently, models require approximately 1,200 kilometres of latitudinal motion to link the Louisville plume to the OJP-Nui1, but palaeolatitude estimates from about 70 Ma to today remain within error of its present location8,9, suggesting that any substantial Louisville plume motion occurred earlier. Here, through a combination of geochemistry and geochronology9–14, we demonstrate that Samoa and Rurutu–Arago are the longest-lived Pacific hotspots, traceable to more than 100 Ma before subducting into the Mariana Trench. These tracks better constrain plate rotation between 80 Ma and 100 Ma, allowing us to update Pacific absolute plate motion models and link the Louisville volcanic track to OJP-Nui without requiring major plume motion. Geochemistry and geochronology show that Samoa and Rurutu–Arago are the longest-lived Pacific hotspots, providing better constraints on plate rotation and support for a link between the Louisville volcanic track and the Ontong Java Nui Plateau.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Konter, J. G. and Finlayson, V. A. and Konrad, K. and Jackson, M. G. and Koppers, A. A. P. and Wessel, P. and Beethe, S. and Bizimis, M. and Alverson, A. and Kelley, C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08889-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {388-394}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pacific hotspots reveal a Louisville–Ontong java nui tectonic link}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below axial volcano. NATURE, 641(8062), 380-387. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Beneath oceanic spreading centres, the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) acts as a permeability barrier that focuses the delivery of melt from deep within the mantle towards the spreading axis1. At intermediate-spreading to fast-spreading ridge crests, the multichannel seismic reflection technique has imaged a nearly flat, 1–2-km-wide axial magma lens (AML)2 that defines the uppermost section of the LAB3, but the nature of the LAB deeper into the crust has been more elusive, with some clues gained from tomographic images, providing only a diffuse view of a wider halo of lower-velocity material seated just beneath the AML4. Here we present 3D seismic reflection images of the LAB extending deep (5–6 km) into the crust beneath Axial volcano, located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb–Eickelberg hotspot. The 3D shape of the LAB, which is coincident with a thermally controlled magma assimilation front, focuses hotspot-related and mid-ocean-spreading-centre-related magmatism towards the centre of the volcano, controlling both eruption and hydrothermal processes and the chemical composition of erupted lavas5. In this context, the LAB can be viewed as the upper surface of a ‘magma domain’, a volume within which melt bodies reside (replacing the concept of a single ‘magma reservoir’)6. Our discovery of a funnel-shaped, crustal LAB suggests that thermally controlled magma assimilation could be occurring along this surface at other volcanic systems, such as Iceland. 3D seismic reflection images of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath Axial volcano show a magma assimilation front that focuses magmatism towards the centre of the volcano, controlling both eruption and hydrothermal processes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kent, G. M. and Arnulf, A. F. and Singh, S. C. and Carton, H. and Harding, A. J. and Saustrup, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08865-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {380-387}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below axial volcano}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes. NATURE, 641(8062), 374-379. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change1. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 °C pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations. Climate models, impact models and demographic data are used to estimate the number of people projected to experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to extreme climate events across multiple dimensions, including birth year, warming scenario and vulnerability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Grant, Luke and Vanderkelen, Inne and Gudmundsson, Lukas and Fischer, Erich and Seneviratne, Sonia I. and Thiery, Wim}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08907-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {374-379}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction. NATURE, 641(8062), 365-373. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nickel is a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 20401–4, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced5–7. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production. A one-step process using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction is used to extract nickel from low-grade ore and create high-grade ferronickel alloys, providing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly method for obtaining nickel.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Manzoor, U. and Mujica Roncery, L. and Raabe, D. and Souza Filho, I. R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08901-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {365-373}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant al alloys. NATURE, 641(8062), 358-364. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and hinders their use in a hydrogen economy1–3. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE4, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al3(Mg, Sc)2/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al3(Mg, Sc)2 on the surface of Al3Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10 nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al3Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al3(Mg, Sc)2. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7 ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production. A size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys achieves a high-density dispersion of both fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al3(Mg, Sc)2/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jiang, Shengyu and Xu, Yuantao and Wang, Ruihong and Chen, Xinren and Guan, Chaoshuai and Peng, Yong and Liu, Fuzhu and Wang, Mingxu and Liu, Xu and Zhang, Shaoyou and Tian, Genqi and Jin, Shenbao and Wang, Huiyuan and Toda, Hiroyuki and Jin, Xuejun and Liu, Gang and Gault, Baptiste and Sun, Jun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08879-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {358-364}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant al alloys}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs. NATURE, 641(8062), 352-357. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metal-halide perovskites are promising light-emitter candidates for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs)1–8. Achieving high brightness and efficiency simultaneously in pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is an ongoing goal9,10. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbI3-xBrx emitters have excellent carrier transport capability and high colour purity, which could allow efficient and ultrabright pure-red PeLEDs. However, such devices are prone to efficiency roll-off, resulting in low efficiency and low brightness under high current density. Here, by using electrically excited transient absorption spectroscopy, we discovered the efficiency roll-off was induced by hole leakage. Therefore, we developed a CsPbI3-xBrx intragrain heterostructure containing narrow bandgap emitters and wide bandgap barriers to confine the injected carriers. The wide bandgap barrier was incorporated by introducing strongly bonding molecules into the [PbX6]4− framework to expand the 3D CsPbI3-xBrx lattice. This strategy resulted in bright and efficient pure-red PeLEDs, with a high brightness of 24,600 cd m−2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.2% and low efficiency roll-off, maintaining a 10.5% external quantum efficiency at a high luminance of 22,670 cd m−2. To increase the efficiency, brightness and stability of next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the microstructure of CsPbI3-xBrx metal-halide perovskite, a good pure-red emitter, was altered to fix hole leakage, which was identified as decreasing efficiencies in overworked LEDs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Yong-Hui and Li, Bo and Wang, Zi-Jian and Tai, Xiao-Lin and Ding, Guan-Jie and Li, Zi-Du and Xu, Huaiyu and Hao, Jing-Ming and Song, Kuang-Hui and Feng, Li-Zhe and Hu, Ya-Lan and Yin, Yi-Chen and Zhu, Bai-Sheng and Zhang, Guozhen and Ju, Huanxin and Zheng, Guanhaojie and Hu, Wei and Lin, Yue and Fan, Fengjia and Yao, Hong-Bin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08867-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {352-357}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum twisting microscopy of phonons in twisted bilayer graphene. NATURE, 641(8062), 345-351. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The coupling between electrons and phonons is one of the fundamental interactions in solids, underpinning a wide range of phenomena, such as resistivity, heat conductivity and superconductivity. However, direct measurements of this coupling for individual phonon modes remain a substantial challenge. In this work, we introduce a new technique for mapping phonon dispersions and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in van der Waals (vdW) materials. By generalizing the quantum twisting microscope1 (QTM) to cryogenic temperatures, we demonstrate its capability to map not only electronic dispersions through elastic momentum-conserving tunnelling but also phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling. Crucially, the inelastic tunnelling strength provides a direct and quantitative measure of the momentum and mode-resolved EPC. We use this technique to measure the phonon spectrum and EPC of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with twist angles larger than 6°. Notably, we find that, unlike standard acoustic phonons, whose coupling to electrons diminishes as their momentum tends to zero, TBG exhibits a low-energy mode whose coupling increases with decreasing twist angle. We show that this unusual coupling arises from the modulation of the interlayer tunnelling by a layer-antisymmetric ‘phason’ mode of the moiré system. The technique demonstrated here opens the way for examining a large variety of other neutral collective modes that couple to electronic tunnelling, including plasmons2, magnons3 and spinons4 in quantum materials. Generalization of a quantum twisting microscope to cryogenic temperatures in twisted bilayer graphene shows the ability to map phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling and reveals an angle-dependent coupling between electrons and phonons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Birkbeck, J. and Xiao, J. and Inbar, A. and Taniguchi, T. and Watanabe, K. and Berg, E. and Glazman, L. and Guinea, F. and von Oppen, F. and Ilani, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08881-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {345-351}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum twisting microscopy of phonons in twisted bilayer graphene}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An asymmetric fission island driven by shell effects in light fragments. NATURE, 641(8062), 339-344. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nuclear fission leads to the splitting of a nucleus into two fragments1,2. Studying the distribution of the masses and charges of the fragments is essential for establishing the fission mechanisms and refining the theoretical models3,4. It has value for our understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis5,6, in which the fission of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios is pivotal for determining astrophysical abundances and understanding the origin of the elements7 and for energy applications8,9. Although the asymmetric distribution of fragments is well understood for actinides (elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers from 89 to 103) based on shell effects10, symmetric fission governs the scission process for lighter elements. However, unexpected asymmetric splits have been observed in neutron-deficient exotic nuclei11, prompting extensive further investigations. Here we present measurements of the charge distributions of fission fragments for 100 exotic fissioning systems, 75 of which have never been measured, and establish a connection between the neutron-deficient sub-lead region and the well-understood actinide region. These new data comprehensively map the asymmetric fission island and provide clear evidence for the role played by the deformed Z = 36 proton shell of the light fragment in the fission of sub-lead nuclei. Our dataset will help constrain the fission models used to estimate the fission properties of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios for which experimental data are unavailable. Measurements of fission fragments for 100 fissioning systems are used to map an asymmetric fission island, providing evidence for the role played by the deformation induced by a closed 36-proton shell.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Morfouace, P. and Taieb, J. and Chatillon, A. and Audouin, L. and Blanchon, G. and Bernard, R. N. and Dubray, N. and Pillet, N. and Regnier, D. and Alvarez-Pol, H. and Amjad, F. and André, P. and Authelet, G. and Atar, L. and Aumann, T. and Benlliure, J. and Boretzky, K. and Bott, L. and Brecelj, T. and Caesar, C. and Carpentier, P. and Casarejos, E. and Cederkäll, J. and Corsi, A. and Cortina-Gil, D. and Cvetinović, A. and Filippo, E. De and Dickel, T. and Feijoo, M. and Fonseca, L. M. and Galaviz, D. and García-Jiménez, G. and Gasparic, I. and Geraci, E. I. and Gernhäuser, R. and Gnoffo, B. and Göbel, K. and Graña-González, A. and Haettner, E. and Hartig, A.-L. and Heil, M. and Heinz, A. and Hensel, T. and Holl, M. and Hornung, C. and Horvat, A. and Jedele, A. and Malenica, D. Jelavic and Jenegger, T. and Ji, L. and Johansson, H. T. and Jonson, B. and Jurado, B. and Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N. and Kazantseva, E. and Kelic-Heil, A. and Kiselev, O. A. and Klenze, P. and Knöbel, R. and Körper, D. and Kostyleva, D. and Kröll, T. and Kuzminchuk, N. and Laurent, B. and Lihtar, I. and Litvinov, Yu. A. and Löher, B. and Martorana, N. S. and Mauss, B. and Morales, S. Murillo and Mücher, D. and Mukha, I. and Nacher, E. and Obertelli, A. and Pagano, E. V. and Panin, V. and Park, J. and Paschalis, S. and Petri, M. and Pietri, S. and Pirrone, S. and Politi, G. and Ponnath, L. and Revel, A. and Rhee, H.-B. and Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. L. and Rose, L. and Rossi, D. and Roy, P. and Russotto, P. and Scheidenberger, C. and Scheit, H. and Simon, H. and Storck-Dutine, S. and Stott, A. and Sun, Y. L. and Sürder, C. and Tanaka, Y. K. and Taniuchi, R. and Tengblad, O. and Tisma, I. and Törnqvist, H. T. and Trimarchi, M. and Velardita, S. and Vesic, J. and Voss, B. and Wamers, F. and Weick, H. and Wienholtz, F. and Zhao, J. and Zhukov, M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08882-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {339-344}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An asymmetric fission island driven by shell effects in light fragments}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Using life cycle assessment to drive innovation for sustainable cool clouds. NATURE, 641(8062), 331-338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Addressing climate change requires accelerating the development of sustainable alternatives to energy- and water-intensive technologies, particularly for rapidly growing infrastructure such as data centres and cloud1. Here we present a life cycle assessment study examining the impacts of advanced cooling technologies on cloud infrastructure, from virtual machines to server architecture, data centre buildings and the grid. Life cycle assessment is important for early-stage design decisions, enhancing sustainability outcomes alongside feasibility and cost analysis2. We discuss constructing a life cycle assessment for a complex cloud ecosystem (including software, chips, servers and data centre buildings), analysing how different advanced cooling technologies interact with this ecosystem and evaluating each technology from a sustainability perspective to provide adoption guidelines. Life cycle assessment quantifies the benefits of advanced cooling methods, such as cold plates and immersion cooling, in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (15–21%), energy demand (15–20%) and blue water consumption (31–52%) in data centres. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the transformative potential of life cycle assessment in driving sustainable innovation across resource-intensive technologies. A life cycle assessment study is used to examine the impacts of advanced cooling technologies on cloud infrastructure, from virtual machines to server architecture, data centre buildings and the grid.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alissa, Husam and Nick, Teresa and Raniwala, Ashish and Arribas Herranz, Alberto and Frost, Kali and Manousakis, Ioannis and Lio, Kari and Warrier, Brijesh and Oruganti, Vaidehi and DiCaprio, T. J. and Oseen-Senda, Kathryn and Ramakrishnan, Bharath and Gupta, Naval and Bianchini, Ricardo and Kleewein, Jim and Belady, Christian and Fontoura, Marcus and Sinistore, Julie and Natarajan, Mukunth and Johnson, Lauren and Mealing, VeeAnder and Arshi, Praneet and Frieze, Madeline}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08832-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {331-338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Using life cycle assessment to drive innovation for sustainable cool clouds}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections. NATURE, 641(8062), 321-330. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Beginning with Edward Jenner’s discovery of the smallpox vaccine, the ever-expanding repertoire of vaccines against pathogens has saved many lives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a revolutionary mRNA injectable vaccine emerged that effectively controlled the severity of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This vaccine induced potent antigen-specific neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, but was limited in its ability to prevent viral invasion at the respiratory surfaces. Nasal vaccines have attracted attention as a potential strategy to combat respiratory infections and prepare for future pandemics. Input from disciplines such as microbiology, biomaterials, bioengineering and chemistry have complemented the immunology to create innovative delivery systems. This approach to vaccine delivery has yielded nasal vaccines that induce secretory IgA as well as serum IgG antibodies, which are expected to prevent pathogen invasion, thereby diminishing transmission and disease severity. For a nasal vaccine to be successful, the complexity of the relevant anatomical, physiological and immunological properties, including the proximity of the central nervous system to the nasal cavity, must be considered. In this Review, we discuss past and current efforts as well as future directions for developing safe and effective nasal vaccines for the prevention of respiratory infections. This Review provides an overview of progress and future directions in the development of nasally administered vaccines for respiratory infections.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kiyono, Hiroshi and Ernst, Peter B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08910-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {321-330}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Avian vandals demolish spring flowers. NATURE, 641(8062), 319. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hungry house-sparrows destroy primroses and bees dance to direct others to sweetness, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01341-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {319}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Avian vandals demolish spring flowers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Could the shingles vaccine help to prevent dementia?. NATURE, 641(8062), 318-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Large-scale analyses of electronic health data suggest that the herpes zoster vaccine could protect against dementia — but it’s not yet clear how. Large-scale analyses of electronic health data suggest that the herpes zoster vaccine could protect against dementia — but it’s not yet clear how.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jena, Anupam B.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00861-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {318-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Could the shingles vaccine help to prevent dementia?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chronic stress drives depression by disrupting cellular housekeeping. NATURE, 641(8062), 317-318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Boosting the recycling process known as autophagy — impaired in the brain during prolonged stress — has the potential to restore normal neuronal activity and treat depression. Boosting the recycling process known as autophagy — impaired in the brain during prolonged stress — has the potential to restore normal neuronal activity and treat depression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Corona, Alberto and Kenny, Paul J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00910-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {317-318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chronic stress drives depression by disrupting cellular housekeeping}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Searching for dark photons in the sun’s atmosphere. NATURE, 641(8062), 315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Satellite observations of solar radiation have narrowed down the possible properties of dark photons — a proposed dark-matter particle. Satellite observations of solar radiation have narrowed down the possible properties of dark photons — a proposed dark-matter particle.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Skipper, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01335-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Searching for dark photons in the sun’s atmosphere}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Climate risk for younger generations is set to soar. NATURE, 641(8062), 315-316. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis shows that large fractions of future generations will be exposed to extreme climate events that would occur only once every 10,000 years in the absence of global warming. An analysis shows that large fractions of future generations will be exposed to extreme climate events that would occur only once every 10,000 years in the absence of global warming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gualdi, Rosanna and Muttarak, Raya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01336-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {315-316}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Climate risk for younger generations is set to soar}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complete ape genomes offer a close-up view of human evolution. NATURE, 641(8062), 313-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists have fully sequenced the genomes of six living ape species, enabling long-awaited comparisons of hard-to-assemble genomic regions. Scientists have fully sequenced the genomes of six living ape species, enabling long-awaited comparisons of hard-to-assemble genomic regions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kuderna, Lukas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00912-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {313-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complete ape genomes offer a close-up view of human evolution}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Next CERN collider has community input. NATURE, 641(8062), 311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fountas, Costas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01403-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Next CERN collider has community input}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In science-for-policy design, one size doesn’t fit all. NATURE, 641(8062), 311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Scharfbillig, Mario and Almeida, Mara and Krieger, Kristian and Melchor, Lorenzo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01404-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In science-for-policy design, one size doesn’t fit all}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). USAID’s shutdown: A crisis for sub-saharan africa. NATURE, 641(8062), 311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonçalves, Mauer and Lopes Ribeiro Junior, Howard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01405-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {USAID’s shutdown: A crisis for sub-saharan africa}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Manage releases of ‘forever chemicals’ in lab waste. NATURE, 641(8062), 311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Kehan and Zhang, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01406-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Manage releases of ‘forever chemicals’ in lab waste}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Want to supercharge your science? turn to technicians. NATURE, 641(8062), 308-310. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To foster research excellence, institutions should value both researchers and technicians — and facilitate collaborations between them. To foster research excellence, institutions should value both researchers and technicians — and facilitate collaborations between them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Narayanamurti, Venkatesh and Currall, Steven C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01353-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {308-310}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Want to supercharge your science? turn to technicians}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why the green-technology race might not save the planet. NATURE, 641(8062), 305-308. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The emerging global competition for green innovation, markets and investments might boost prosperity without improving environmental sustainability. The emerging global competition for green innovation, markets and investments might boost prosperity without improving environmental sustainability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barbier, Edward}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01352-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {305-308}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why the green-technology race might not save the planet}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Whale earwax, fungal fertilizer and chocolate emissions: Exhibition explores biodiversity research. NATURE, 641(8062), 303-304. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Natural History Museum’s new gallery, Fixing our Broken Planet, examines Earth’s changing ecosystems and how to protect them. The Natural History Museum’s new gallery, Fixing our Broken Planet, examines Earth’s changing ecosystems and how to protect them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simms, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01351-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {303-304}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Whale earwax, fungal fertilizer and chocolate emissions: Exhibition explores biodiversity research}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How protein-slayer drugs could beat some of the cruellest cancers. NATURE, 641(8062), 300-302. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Momentum is building for PROTAC treatments that eliminate disease-causing proteins, including those responsible for difficult-to-treat childhood cancers. Momentum is building for PROTAC treatments that eliminate disease-causing proteins, including those responsible for difficult-to-treat childhood cancers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garber, Ken}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01350-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {300-302}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How protein-slayer drugs could beat some of the cruellest cancers}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Supportive? addictive? abusive? how AI companions affect our mental health. NATURE, 641(8062), 296-298. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studies suggest benefits as well as harms from digital companion apps — but scientists worry about long-term dependency. Studies suggest benefits as well as harms from digital companion apps — but scientists worry about long-term dependency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adam, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01349-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {296-298}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Supportive? addictive? abusive? how AI companions affect our mental health}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Storm of seizures in a baby’s brain calms after trial therapy. NATURE, 641(8062), 285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The treatment, which aimed to block production of a mutant protein, reduced the frequency of infant’s seizures, but did not improve neurological impairments. The treatment, which aimed to block production of a mutant protein, reduced the frequency of infant’s seizures, but did not improve neurological impairments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01322-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Storm of seizures in a baby’s brain calms after trial therapy}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cuts to US science will take a generation to repair — Leaders must speak up now. NATURE, 641(8062), 284. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {There’s no mystery to innovation and economic growth; the US must nurture its scientists or find out the hard way. There’s no mystery to innovation and economic growth; the US must nurture its scientists or find out the hard way.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lubell, Michael S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01348-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {284}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cuts to US science will take a generation to repair — Leaders must speak up now}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why china needs to review its approach to research evaluation. NATURE, 641(8062), 283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The country’s publication policies should balance the need to promote science locally with the benefits of disseminating research internationally. The country’s publication policies should balance the need to promote science locally with the benefits of disseminating research internationally.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Yuxin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01347-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why china needs to review its approach to research evaluation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Time for adults to finally act like adults on climate change. NATURE, 641(8062), 282. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A report detailing how climate inaction will consign people born today to a lifetime of weather extremes must awaken a sense of responsibility. A report detailing how climate inaction will consign people born today to a lifetime of weather extremes must awaken a sense of responsibility.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01380-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {282}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Time for adults to finally act like adults on climate change}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Make science more collegial: Why the time for ‘adversarial collaboration’ has come. NATURE, 641(8062), 281-282. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bringing together proponents of rival theories to test their ideas against each other can advance science — but only if all sides can accept that they might be wrong. Bringing together proponents of rival theories to test their ideas against each other can advance science — but only if all sides can accept that they might be wrong.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01379-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8062}, pages = {281-282}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Make science more collegial: Why the time for ‘adversarial collaboration’ has come}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). COVID vaccine works faster with both doses in the same arm. NATURE, 641(8062), 294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quick immune responses could be key to establishing herd immunity in future pandemics. Quick immune responses could be key to establishing herd immunity in future pandemics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01326-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {COVID vaccine works faster with both doses in the same arm}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Huge reproducibility project fails to validate dozens of biomedical studies. NATURE, 641(8062), 293-294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Unique reproducibility effort in Brazil focuses on common methods rather than a single field ― and prompts call for reform. Unique reproducibility effort in Brazil focuses on common methods rather than a single field ― and prompts call for reform.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01266-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {293-294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Huge reproducibility project fails to validate dozens of biomedical studies}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Major european institutes join race to save US science data. NATURE, 641(8062), 292-293. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the administration of US President Donald Trump slashes budgets, crucial data sets on climate and other subjects could disappear. As the administration of US President Donald Trump slashes budgets, crucial data sets on climate and other subjects could disappear.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01309-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {292-293}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Major european institutes join race to save US science data}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science sleuths flag hundreds of papers that use AI without disclosing it. NATURE, 641(8062), 290-291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Telltale signs of chatbot use are scattered through the scholarly literature — and, in some cases, have disappeared without a trace. Telltale signs of chatbot use are scattered through the scholarly literature — and, in some cases, have disappeared without a trace.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01180-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {290-291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science sleuths flag hundreds of papers that use AI without disclosing it}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump team’s science cuts threaten tenure hopes for early-career academics. NATURE, 641(8062), 288-289. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As funding dries up, US universities will need to reconsider traditional tenure requirements. As funding dries up, US universities will need to reconsider traditional tenure requirements.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dattaro, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01267-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {288-289}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump team’s science cuts threaten tenure hopes for early-career academics}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Canada’s election: What mark carney’s win means for science. NATURE, 641(8062), 287-288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In turbulent economic times, the prime minister’s Liberal party has promised funding to attract research talent to Canada. In turbulent economic times, the prime minister’s Liberal party has promised funding to attract research talent to Canada.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01343-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {287-288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Canada’s election: What mark carney’s win means for science}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One of the world’s richest lithium deposits began inside a mega-volcano. NATURE, 641(8062), 285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lithium that pooled in a volcanic caldera in the western United States had no way out, thanks to a lack of rivers. Lithium that pooled in a volcanic caldera in the western United States had no way out, thanks to a lack of rivers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01273-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One of the world’s richest lithium deposits began inside a mega-volcano}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). For these bats, eavesdropping is a valuable learnt skill. NATURE, 641(8062), 285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Over time, young fringe-lipped bats learn how to distinguish the calls of palatable frogs from those of toxic ones. Over time, young fringe-lipped bats learn how to distinguish the calls of palatable frogs from those of toxic ones.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01323-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {For these bats, eavesdropping is a valuable learnt skill}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tattoo-making tools used by ancient maya revealed. NATURE, 641(8062), 285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The stone fragments had been discovered inside ‘Handprint Cave’ in Belize alongside other artefacts suggestive of ritual use. The stone fragments had been discovered inside ‘Handprint Cave’ in Belize alongside other artefacts suggestive of ritual use.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01324-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8062}, pages = {285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tattoo-making tools used by ancient maya revealed}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts. NATURE, 641(8061), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chunfei and Förster, Michael W. and Shcheka, Svyatoslav S. and Ezad, Isra S. and Shea, Joshua J. and Liu, Yongsheng and Jacob, Dorrit E. and Foley, Stephen F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08911-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structures and mechanism of the human mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. NATURE, 641(8061), 258-265. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein complex that is essential for the uptake of pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix as the primary carbon source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle1,2. Here we present six cryo-electron microscopy structures of human MPC in three states: three structures in the intermembrane space (IMS)-open state, obtained in different conditions; a structure of pyruvate-treated MPC in the occluded state; and two structures in the matrix-facing state, bound with the inhibitor UK5099 or with an inhibitory nanobody on the matrix side. MPC is a heterodimer consisting of MPC1 and MPC2, with the transmembrane domain adopting pseudo-C2 symmetry. Approximate rigid-body movements occur between the IMS-open state and the occluded state, whereas structural changes, mainly on the matrix side, facilitate the transition between the occluded state and the matrix-facing state, revealing an alternating access mechanism during pyruvate transport. In the UK5099-bound structure, the inhibitor fits well and interacts extensively with a pocket that opens to the matrix side. Our findings provide key insights into the mechanisms that underlie MPC-mediated substrate transport, and shed light on the recognition and inhibition of MPC by UK5099, which will facilitate the future development of drugs that target MPC. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human mitochondrial pyruvate carrier provide insights into its architecture, substrate transport mechanism and inhibition by the drug UK5099, with implications for the development of treatments for various metabolic diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liang, Jiaming and Shi, Junhui and Song, Ailong and Lu, Meihua and Zhang, Kairan and Xu, Meng and Huang, Gaoxingyu and Lu, Peilong and Wu, Xudong and Ma, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08873-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {258-265}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structures and mechanism of the human mitochondrial pyruvate carrier}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and its inhibition mechanism. NATURE, 641(8061), 250-257. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) governs the entry of pyruvate—a central metabolite that bridges cytosolic glycolysis with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation—into the mitochondrial matrix1–5. It thus serves as a pivotal metabolic gatekeeper and has fundamental roles in cellular metabolism. Moreover, MPC is a key target for drugs aimed at managing diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative diseases4–6. However, despite MPC’s critical roles in both physiology and medicine, the molecular mechanisms underlying its transport function and how it is inhibited by drugs have remained largely unclear. Here our structural findings on human MPC define the architecture of this vital transporter, delineate its substrate-binding site and translocation pathway, and reveal its major conformational states. Furthermore, we explain the binding and inhibition mechanisms of MPC inhibitors. Our findings provide the molecular basis for understanding MPC’s function and pave the way for the development of more-effective therapeutic reagents that target MPC. Structural findings define the architecture of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, delineate its substrate-binding site and translocation pathway, and reveal its major conformational states, providing the molecular basis for understanding its function and inhibition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Zheng and Zhang, Jianxiu and Xu, Yan and Fine, Eve J. and Suomivuori, Carl-Mikael and Dror, Ron O. and Feng, Liang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08667-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {250-257}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and its inhibition mechanism}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural dynamics of DNA unwinding by a replicative helicase. NATURE, 641(8061), 240-249. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hexameric helicases are nucleotide-driven molecular machines that unwind DNA to initiate replication across all domains of life. Despite decades of intensive study, several critical aspects of their function remain unresolved1: the site and mechanism of DNA strand separation, the mechanics of unwinding propagation, and the dynamic relationship between nucleotide hydrolysis and DNA movement. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that the simian virus 40 large tumour antigen (LTag) helicase assembles in the form of head-to-head hexamers at replication origins, melting DNA at two symmetrically positioned sites to establish bidirectional replication forks. Through continuous heterogeneity analysis2, we characterize the conformational landscape of LTag on forked DNA under catalytic conditions, demonstrating coordinated motions that drive DNA translocation and unwinding. We show that the helicase pulls the tracking strand through DNA-binding loops lining the central channel, while directing the non-tracking strand out of the rear, in a cyclic process. ATP hydrolysis functions as an ‘entropy switch’, removing blocks to translocation rather than directly powering DNA movement. Our structures show the allosteric couplings between nucleotide turnover and subunit motions that enable DNA unwinding while maintaining dedicated exit paths for the separated strands. These findings provide a comprehensive model for replication fork establishment and progression that extends from viral to eukaryotic systems. More broadly, they introduce fundamental principles of the mechanism by which ATP-dependent enzymes achieve efficient mechanical work through entropy-driven allostery. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of DNA helicases in various conformations provide insight into an ATP-hydrolysis-dependent ‘entropy switch’ that drives unwinding of DNA for replication, with probable conservation across viral and eukaryotic systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shahid, Taha and Danazumi, Ammar U. and Tehseen, Muhammad and Alhudhali, Lubna and Clark, Alice R. and Savva, Christos G. and Hamdan, Samir M. and De Biasio, Alfredo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08766-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {240-249}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural dynamics of DNA unwinding by a replicative helicase}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sleep pressure accumulates in a voltage-gated lipid peroxidation memory. NATURE, 641(8061), 232-239. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels contain cytoplasmically exposed β-subunits1–5 whose aldo-keto reductase activity6–8 is required for the homeostatic regulation of sleep9. Here we show that Hyperkinetic, the β-subunit of the KV1 channel Shaker in Drosophila7, forms a dynamic lipid peroxidation memory. Information is stored in the oxidation state of Hyperkinetic’s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor, which changes when lipid-derived carbonyls10–13, such as 4-oxo-2-nonenal or an endogenous analogue generated by illuminating a membrane-bound photosensitizer9,14, abstract an electron pair. NADP+ remains locked in the active site of KVβ until membrane depolarization permits its release and replacement with NADPH. Sleep-inducing neurons15–17 use this voltage-gated oxidoreductase cycle to encode their recent lipid peroxidation history in the collective binary states of their KVβ subunits; this biochemical memory influences—and is erased by—spike discharges driving sleep. The presence of a lipid peroxidation sensor at the core of homeostatic sleep control16,17 suggests that sleep protects neuronal membranes against oxidative damage. Indeed, brain phospholipids are depleted of vulnerable polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains after enforced waking, and slowing the removal of their carbonylic breakdown products increases the demand for sleep. Sleep-inducing neurons in Drosophila rely on Hyperkinetic, the β-subunit of the KV1 channel Shaker, to monitor sleep need by translating lipid peroxidation events into changes in the oxidation state of a stably bound NADPH cofactor.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rorsman, H. Olof and Müller, Max A. and Liu, Patrick Z. and Sanchez, Laura Garmendia and Kempf, Anissa and Gerbig, Stefanie and Spengler, Bernhard and Miesenböck, Gero}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08734-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {232-239}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sleep pressure accumulates in a voltage-gated lipid peroxidation memory}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma. NATURE, 641(8061), 222-231. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma (GBM) infiltrates the brain and can be synaptically innervated by neurons, which drives tumour progression1,2. Synaptic inputs onto GBM cells identified so far are largely short range and glutamatergic3,4. The extent of GBM integration into the brain-wide neuronal circuitry remains unclear. Here we applied rabies virus-mediated and herpes simplex virus-mediated trans-monosynaptic tracing5,6 to systematically investigate circuit integration of human GBM organoids transplanted into adult mice. We found that GBM cells from multiple patients rapidly integrate into diverse local and long-range neural circuits across the brain. Beyond glutamatergic inputs, we identified various neuromodulatory inputs, including synapses between basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and GBM cells. Acute acetylcholine stimulation induces long-lasting elevation of calcium oscillations and transcriptional reprogramming of GBM cells into a more motile state via the metabotropic CHRM3 receptor. CHRM3 activation promotes GBM cell motility, whereas its downregulation suppresses GBM cell motility and prolongs mouse survival. Together, these results reveal the striking capacity for human GBM cells to rapidly and robustly integrate into anatomically diverse neuronal networks of different neurotransmitter systems. Our findings further support a model in which rapid connectivity and transient activation of upstream neurons may lead to a long-lasting increase in tumour fitness. A study leveraging transsynaptic tracing demonstrates rapid and extensive integration of human glioblastoma organoids into the mouse brain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Yusha and Wang, Xin and Zhang, Daniel Y. and Zhang, Zhijian and Bhattarai, Janardhan P. and Wang, Yingqi and Park, Kristen H. and Dong, Weifan and Hung, Yun-Fen and Yang, Qian and Zhang, Feng and Rajamani, Keerthi and Mu, Shang and Kennedy, Benjamin C. and Hong, Yan and Galanaugh, Jamie and Sambangi, Abhijeet and Kim, Sang Hoon and Wheeler, Garrett and Gonçalves, Tiago and Wang, Qing and Geschwind, Daniel H and Kawaguchi, Riki and Viaene, Angela N. and Helbig, Ingo and Kessler, Sudha K. and Hoke, Ahmet and Wang, Huadong and Xu, Fuqiang and Binder, Zev A. and Isaac Chen, H. and Pai, Emily Ling-Lin and Stone, Sara and Nasrallah, MacLean P. and Christian, Kimberly M. and Fuccillo, Marc and Toni, Nicolas and Wu, Zhuhao and Cheng, Hwai-Jong and O’Rourke, Donald M. and Ma, Minghong and Ming, Guo-li and Song, Hongjun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08634-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {222-231}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Granzyme k activates the entire complement cascade. NATURE, 641(8061), 211-221. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Granzymes are a family of serine proteases that are mainly expressed by CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and innate-like lymphocytes1. Although their primary function is thought to be the induction of cell death in virally infected cells and tumours, accumulating evidence indicates that some granzymes can elicit inflammation by acting on extracellular substrates1. We previously found that most tissue CD8+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovium, and in inflamed organs for some other diseases, express granzyme K (GZMK)2, a tryptase-like protease with poorly defined function. Here, we show that GZMK can activate the complement cascade by cleaving the C2 and C4 proteins. The nascent C4b and C2b fragments form a C3 convertase that cleaves C3, enabling the assembly of a C5 convertase that cleaves C5. The resulting convertases generate all the effector molecules of the complement cascade: the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, the opsonins C4b and C3b, and the membrane attack complex. In rheumatoid arthritis synovium, GZMK is enriched in regions with abundant complement activation, and fibroblasts are the main producers of complement proteins that serve as substrates for GZMK-mediated complement activation. Furthermore, Gzmk-deficient mice are significantly protected from inflammatory disease, exhibiting reduced arthritis and dermatitis, with concomitant decreases in complement activation. Our findings describe the discovery of a previously unidentified mechanism of complement activation that is driven entirely by lymphocyte-derived GZMK. Given the widespread abundance of GZMK-expressing T cells in tissues in chronic inflammatory diseases, GZMK-mediated complement activation is likely to be an important contributor to tissue inflammation in multiple disease contexts. A study finds that a protease called granzyme K can activate the entire complement cascade, explaining how it can drive destructive inflammation in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Donado, Carlos A. and Theisen, Erin and Zhang, Fan and Nathan, Aparna and Fairfield, Madison L. and Rupani, Karishma Vijay and Jones, Dominique and Johannes, Kellsey P. and Raychaudhuri, Soumya and Dwyer, Daniel F. and Jonsson, A. Helena and Brenner, Michael B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08713-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {211-221}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Granzyme k activates the entire complement cascade}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). STING agonist-based ER-targeting molecules boost antigen cross-presentation. NATURE, 641(8061), 202-210. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {CD8+ T cell immune responses are critical for combating infectious diseases and tumours1–3. Antigen cross-presentation, primarily occurring at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of dendritic cells, is essential for protein-based vaccines to induce CD8+ T cell responses4. Current efforts have focused on antigen delivery at the tissue and cellular levels, whereas subcellular delivery has been limited to facilitating antigen escape from lysosomes into the cytosol. In the absence of a small-sized high-affinity ER-targeting molecule, the importance of the ‘last mile’ from the cytosol to the ER remains elusive. Here we developed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist-based ER-targeting molecules (SABER), which effectively deliver antigens to the ER and cluster key machinery in cross-presentation to form microreactors by folding the ER membrane. Conjugation of SABER to various antigens substantially enhances the induction of CD8+ T cell immune responses to tumour neoantigens and conserved viral epitopes, far exceeding that achieved by mixtures of antigens with STING agonists or conventional adjuvants. SABER also retains a potent adjuvant effect, effectively enhancing the ability of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. This study provides a high-affinity ER-targeting delivery system and vaccine adjuvant, demonstrating that precise subcellular delivery targeting the last mile of cross-presentation can lead to a qualitative leap. STING agonist-based endoplasmic reticulum-targeting molecules can be conjugated directly onto antigens to deliver them to the cross-presentation pathway, improving CD8+ T cell responses against tumours and viruses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Xiafeng and Huang, Zhangping and Xing, Lixiao and Shang, Liru and Jiang, Juan and Deng, Caiguanxi and Yu, Wei and Peng, Lin and Yang, Hao and Zheng, Xiaohong and Liu, Xinmin and Yang, Haolan and Chen, Yixin and Li, Yongyong and Liu, Jing and Xie, Xi and Xu, Wei and Xia, Xiaojun and Liu, Zezhong and Liu, Wanli and Jiang, Shibo and Zeng, Yingyue and Lu, Lu and Wang, Ji}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08758-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {202-210}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {STING agonist-based ER-targeting molecules boost antigen cross-presentation}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prohormone cleavage prediction uncovers a non-incretin anti-obesity peptide. NATURE, 641(8061), 192-201. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Peptide hormones, a class of pharmacologically active molecules, have a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis. Prohormone convertase 1/3 (also known as PCSK1/3) represents a key enzymatic mechanism in peptide processing, as exemplified with the therapeutic target glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)1,2. However, the full spectrum of peptides generated by PCSK1 and their functional roles remain largely unknown. Here we use computational drug discovery to systematically map more than 2,600 previously uncharacterized human proteolytic peptide fragments cleaved by prohormone convertases, enabling the identification of novel bioactive peptides. Using this approach, we identified a 12-mer peptide, BRINP2-related peptide (BRP). When administered pharmacologically, BRP reduces food intake and exhibits anti-obesity effects in mice and pigs without inducing nausea or aversion. Mechanistically, BRP administration triggers central FOS activation and acts independently of leptin, GLP-1 receptor and melanocortin 4 receptor. Together, these data introduce a method to identify new bioactive peptides and establish pharmacologically that BRP may be useful for therapeutic modulation of body weight. Computational drug discovery is used to identify a 12-mer peptide derived from BRINP2 with potent anti-obesity effects that are independent of leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and melanocortin 4 receptor.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Coassolo, Laetitia and B. Danneskiold-Samsøe, Niels and Nguyen, Quennie and Wiggenhorn, Amanda and Zhao, Meng and Wang, David Cheng-Hao and Toomer, David and Lone, Jameel and Wei, Yichao and Patel, Aayan and Liparulo, Irene and Kavi, Deniz and Wat, Lianna W. and Reghupaty, Saranya Chidambaranathan and Kim, Julie Jae and Asemi, Tina and Bielczyk-Maczynska, Ewa and Li, Veronica L. and Moya-Garzon, Maria Dolores and Krentz, Nicole A. J. and Stahl, Andreas and Chou, Danny Hung-Chieh and Luo, Liqun and Svensson, Katrin J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08683-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {192-201}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prohormone cleavage prediction uncovers a non-incretin anti-obesity peptide}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brief antibiotic use drives human gut bacteria towards low-cost resistance. NATURE, 641(8061), 182-191. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the relationship between antibiotic use and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance is vital for effective antibiotic stewardship. Yet, animal models and in vitro experiments poorly replicate real-world conditions1. To explain how resistance evolves in vivo, we exposed 60 human participants to ciprofloxacin and used longitudinal stool samples and a new computational method to assemble the genomes of 5,665 populations of commensal bacterial species within participants. Analysis of 2.3 million polymorphic sequence variants revealed 513 populations that underwent selective sweeps. We found convergent evolution focused on DNA gyrase and evidence of dispersed selective pressure at other genomic loci. Roughly 10% of susceptible bacterial populations evolved towards resistance through sweeps that involved substitutions at a specific amino acid in gyrase. The evolution of gyrase was associated with large populations that decreased in relative abundance during exposure. Sweeps persisted for more than 10 weeks in most cases and were not projected to revert within a year. Targeted amplification showed that gyrase mutations arose de novo within the participants and exhibited no measurable fitness cost. These findings revealed that brief ciprofloxacin exposure drives the evolution of resistance in gut commensals, with mutations persisting long after exposure. This study underscores the capacity of the human gut to promote the evolution of resistance and identifies key genomic and ecological factors that shape bacterial adaptation in vivo. Brief ciprofloxacin exposure in humans drives antibiotic resistance evolution in gut bacteria through selective sweeps, particularly involving DNA gyrase mutations, which persist long after exposure and demonstrate the human gutʼs capacity to promote resistance evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yaffe, Eitan and Dethlefsen, Les and Patankar, Arati V. and Gui, Chen and Holmes, Susan and Relman, David A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08781-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {182-191}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brief antibiotic use drives human gut bacteria towards low-cost resistance}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice. NATURE, 641(8061), 173-181. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Crop production faces persistent threats from insect-vector-borne viral diseases1,2. Recent advancements have revealed the intricate immune mechanisms that plants deploy against viral pathogens3–8. However, the molecular mechanisms through which plant hosts recognize viral infections and initiate antiviral defence at disease onset have not been elucidated. Here, through the natural infection of rice by inoculation with insect vectors carrying the natural forms of viruses, we show that viral coat proteins are perceived by the RING1–IBR–RING2-type ubiquitin ligase (RBRL), initiating the first step of the natural antiviral response in rice. RBRL subsequently targets an adaptor protein of the transcriptional repression complex of the jasmonate pathway, NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ 3 (NINJA3), for degradation through the ubiquitination system, inducing jasmonate signalling and activating downstream antiviral defence. We further show that this phenomenon is a universal molecular mechanism used by rice plants to perceive viral infections and initiate antiviral signalling cascades. This approach is important not only for obtaining a deeper understanding of virus–host interactions but also for further disease resistance breeding. Viral coat proteins are perceived by the RING1–IBR–RING2-type ubiquitin ligase, initiating the first step of the natural antiviral response in rice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Yu and Yang, Jialin and Sun, Xi and Li, Jiahao and Cao, Xiaoqiang and Yao, Shengze and Han, Yanhong and Chen, Changtian and Du, Linlin and Li, Shuo and Ji, Yinghua and Zhou, Tong and Wang, He and Han, Jia-jia and Wang, Wenming and Wei, Chunhong and Xie, Qi and Yang, Zhirui and Li, Yi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08706-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {173-181}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain-wide presynaptic networks of functionally distinct cortical neurons. NATURE, 641(8061), 162-172. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Revealing the connectivity of functionally identified individual neurons is necessary to understand how activity patterns emerge and support behaviour. Yet the brain-wide presynaptic wiring rules that lay the foundation for the functional selectivity of individual neurons remain largely unexplored. Cortical neurons, even in primary sensory cortex, are heterogeneous in their selectivity, not only to sensory stimuli but also to multiple aspects of behaviour. Here, to investigate presynaptic connectivity rules underlying the selectivity of pyramidal neurons to behavioural state1–10 in primary somatosensory cortex (S1), we used two-photon calcium imaging, neuropharmacology, single-cell-based monosynaptic input tracing and optogenetics. We show that behavioural state-dependent activity patterns are stable over time. These are minimally affected by direct neuromodulatory inputs and are driven primarily by glutamatergic inputs. Analysis of brain-wide presynaptic networks of individual neurons with distinct behavioural state-dependent activity profiles revealed that although behavioural state-related and behavioural state-unrelated neurons shared a similar pattern of local inputs within S1, their long-range glutamatergic inputs differed. Individual cortical neurons, irrespective of their functional properties, received converging inputs from the main S1-projecting areas. Yet neurons that tracked behavioural state received a smaller proportion of motor cortical inputs and a larger proportion of thalamic inputs. Optogenetic suppression of thalamic inputs reduced behavioural state-dependent activity in S1, but this activity was not externally driven. Our results reveal distinct long-range glutamatergic inputs as a substrate for preconfigured network dynamics associated with behavioural state. Behavioural-state-dependent pyramidal neurons have a distinct pattern of long-range glutamatergic inputs, with a larger proportion of thalamic versus motor cortex inputs compared with non-behaviour-dependent neurons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Inácio, Ana R. and Lam, Ka Chun and Zhao, Yuan and Pereira, Francisco and Gerfen, Charles R. and Lee, Soohyun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08631-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {162-172}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain-wide presynaptic networks of functionally distinct cortical neurons}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A subcortical switchboard for perseverative, exploratory and disengaged states. NATURE, 641(8061), 151-161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To survive in dynamic environments with uncertain resources, animals must adapt their behaviour flexibly, choosing strategies such as persevering with a current choice, exploring alternatives or disengaging altogether. Previous studies have mainly investigated how forebrain regions represent choice costs and values as well as optimal strategies during such decisions1–5. However, the neural mechanisms by which the brain implements alternative behavioural strategies such as persevering, exploring or disengaging remain poorly understood. Here we identify a neural hub that is critical for flexible switching between behavioural strategies, the median raphe nucleus (MRN). Using cell-type-specific optogenetic manipulations, fibre photometry and circuit tracing in mice performing diverse instinctive and learnt behaviours, we found that the main cell types of the MRN—GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-expressing), glutamatergic (VGluT2+) and serotonergic neurons—have complementary functions and regulate perseverance, exploration and disengagement, respectively. Suppression of MRN GABAergic neurons—for instance, through inhibitory input from lateral hypothalamus, which conveys strong positive valence to the MRN—leads to perseverative behaviour. By contrast, activation of MRN VGluT2+ neurons drives exploration. Activity of serotonergic MRN neurons is necessary for general task engagement. Input from the lateral habenula that conveys negative valence suppresses serotonergic MRN neurons, leading to disengagement. These findings establish the MRN as a central behavioural switchboard that is uniquely positioned to flexibly control behavioural strategies. These circuits thus may also have an important role in the aetiology of major mental pathologies such as depressive or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Behavioural experiments in mice demonstrate that GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-expressing), glutamatergic and serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus have distinct and complementary functions in regulating decision-making resulting in flexible behavioural strategies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahmadlou, Mehran and Shirazi, Maryam Yasamin and Zhang, Pan and Rogers, Isaac L. M. and Dziubek, Julia and Young, Margaret and Hofer, Sonja B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08672-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {151-161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A subcortical switchboard for perseverative, exploratory and disengaged states}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA from the green sahara reveals ancestral north african lineage. NATURE, 641(8061), 144-150. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although it is one of the most arid regions today, the Sahara Desert was a green savannah during the African Humid Period (AHP) between 14,500 and 5,000 years before present, with water bodies promoting human occupation and the spread of pastoralism in the middle Holocene epoch1. DNA rarely preserves well in this region, limiting knowledge of the Sahara’s genetic history and demographic past. Here we report ancient genomic data from the Central Sahara, obtained from two approximately 7,000-year-old Pastoral Neolithic female individuals buried in the Takarkori rock shelter in southwestern Libya. The majority of Takarkori individuals’ ancestry stems from a previously unknown North African genetic lineage that diverged from sub-Saharan African lineages around the same time as present-day humans outside Africa and remained isolated throughout most of its existence. Both Takarkori individuals are closely related to ancestry first documented in 15,000-year-old foragers from Taforalt Cave, Morocco2, associated with the Iberomaurusian lithic industry and predating the AHP. Takarkori and Iberomaurusian-associated individuals are equally distantly related to sub-Saharan lineages, suggesting limited gene flow from sub-Saharan to Northern Africa during the AHP. In contrast to Taforalt individuals, who have half the Neanderthal admixture of non-Africans, Takarkori shows ten times less Neanderthal ancestry than Levantine farmers, yet significantly more than contemporary sub-Saharan genomes. Our findings suggest that pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into a deeply divergent, isolated North African lineage that had probably been widespread in Northern Africa during the late Pleistocene epoch. Pastoralism spread through cultural diffusion into the Green Sahara, where an isolated, distinct North African ancestry persisted.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Salem, Nada and van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S. and Sümer, Arev Pelin and Vai, Stefania and Hübner, Alexander and Peter, Benjamin and Bianco, Raffaela A. and Lari, Martina and Modi, Alessandra and Al-Faloos, Mohamed Faraj Mohamed and Turjman, Mustafa and Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil and Tafuri, Mary Anne and Manzi, Giorgio and Rotunno, Rocco and Prüfer, Kay and Ringbauer, Harald and Caramelli, David and di Lernia, Savino and Krause, Johannes}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08793-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {144-150}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA from the green sahara reveals ancestral north african lineage}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hunter-gatherer sea voyages extended to remotest mediterranean islands. NATURE, 641(8061), 137-143. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Maltese archipelago is a small island chain that is among the most remote in the Mediterranean. Humans were not thought to have reached and inhabited such small and isolated islands until the regional shift to Neolithic lifeways, around 7.5 thousand years ago (ka)1. In the standard view, the limited resources and ecological vulnerabilities of small islands, coupled with the technological challenges of long-distance seafaring, meant that hunter-gatherers were either unable or unwilling to make these journeys2–4. Here we describe chronological, archaeological, faunal and botanical data that support the presence of Holocene hunter-gatherers on the Maltese islands. At this time, Malta’s geographical configuration and sea levels approximated those of the present day, necessitating seafaring distances of around 100 km from Sicily, the closest landmass. Occupations began at around 8.5 ka and are likely to have lasted until around 7.5 ka. These hunter-gatherers exploited land animals, but were also able to take advantage of marine resources and avifauna, helping to sustain these groups on a small island. Our discoveries document the longest yet-known hunter-gatherer sea crossings in the Mediterranean, raising the possibility of unknown, precocious connections across the wider region. Archaeological discoveries from Malta suggest that humans were present on the Maltese islands from around 8,500 years ago, providing evidence that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers made sea crossings as long as 100 km.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Scerri, Eleanor M. L. and Blinkhorn, James and Groucutt, Huw S. and Stewart, Mathew and Candy, Ian and Allué, Ethel and Burguet-Coca, Aitor and Currás, Andrés and Carleton, W. Christopher and Lindauer, Susanne and Spengler, Robert and Boxleitner, Kseniia and Asciak, Gillian and Colucci, Margherita and Gauci, Ritienne and Hatton, Amy and Kutowsky, Johanna and Maier, Andreas and Mata-González, Mario and Mifsud, Nicolette and Niang, Khady and Roberts, Patrick and de Giorgio, Joshua and Xerri, Rochelle and Vella, Nicholas C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08780-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {137-143}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hunter-gatherer sea voyages extended to remotest mediterranean islands}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Canopy functional trait variation across earth’s tropical forests. NATURE, 641(8061), 129-136. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tropical forest canopies are the biosphere’s most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy1,2. However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tropical forest biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either a singular or a small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties3. This situation arises, in part, from a lack of understanding about how and why the functional properties of tropical forest canopies vary geographically4. Here, by combining field-collected data from more than 1,800 vegetation plots and tree traits with satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate and soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural and chemical functional traits of trees, and use this to compute and map the functional diversity of tropical forests. Our findings reveal that the tropical Americas, Africa and Asia tend to occupy different portions of the total functional trait space available across tropical forests. Tropical American forests are predicted to have 40% greater functional richness than tropical African and Asian forests. Meanwhile, African forests have the highest functional divergence—32% and 7% higher than that of tropical American and Asian forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions for further data collection, which would refine and improve these maps. Our predictions represent a ground-based and remotely enabled global analysis of how and why the functional traits of tropical forest canopies vary across space. Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús and Rifai, Sami W. and Deng, Xiongjie and ter Steege, Hans and Thomson, Eleanor and Corral-Rivas, Jose Javier and Guimaraes, Aretha Franklin and Muller, Sandra and Klipel, Joice and Fauset, Sophie and Resende, Angelica F. and Wallin, Göran and Joly, Carlos A. and Abernethy, Katharine and Adu-Bredu, Stephen and Alexandre Silva, Celice and de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida and Almeida, Danilo R. A. and Alvarez-Davila, Esteban and Asner, Gregory P. and Baker, Timothy R. and Benchimol, Maíra and Bentley, Lisa Patrick and Berenguer, Erika and Blanc, Lilian and Bonal, Damien and Bordin, Kauane and Borges de Lima, Robson and Both, Sabine and Cabezas Duarte, Jaime and Cardoso, Domingos and de Lima, Haroldo C. and Cavalheiro, Larissa and Cernusak, Lucas A. and dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina C. and da Silva Zanzini, Antonio Carlos and da Silva, Ricardo José and dos Santos Alves da Silva, Robson and de Andrade Iguatemy, Mariana and De Sousa Oliveira, Tony César and Dechant, Benjamin and Derroire, Géraldine and Dexter, Kyle G. and Rodrigues, Domingos J. and Espírito-Santo, Mário and Silva, Letícia Fernandes and Domingues, Tomas Ferreira and Ferreira, Joice and Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni and Girardin, Cécile A. J. and Hérault, Bruno and Jeffery, Kathryn J. and Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy, Sreejith and Kavidapadinjattathil Sivadasan, Arunkumar and Klitgaard, Bente and Laurance, William F. and Dan, Maurício Lima and Magnusson, William E. and Campos-Filho, Eduardo Malta and Manoel dos Santos, Rubens and Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto and Silveira, Marcos and Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur and Martin, Roberta E. and Vieira, Daniel Luis Mascia and Metzker, Thiago and Milliken, William and Moonlight, Peter and Moraes de Seixas, Marina Maria and Morandi, Paulo S. and Muscarella, Robert and Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe and Nyirambangutse, Brigitte and Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira and Oliveras Menor, Imma and Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Pablo José and Pereira de Oliveira, Cinthia and Pereira Zanzini, Lucas and Peres, Carlos A. and Punjayil, Vignesh and Quesada, Carlos A. and Réjou-Méchain, Maxime and Riutta, Terhi and Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo and Rosa, Clarissa and Salinas, Norma and Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton and Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes and Shenkin, Alexander and Silva Rodrigues, Priscyla Maria and Figueiredo, Axa Emanuelle Simões and Garcia, Queila Souza and Spósito, Tereza and Storck-Tonon, Danielle and Sullivan, Martin J. P. and Svátek, Martin and Vieira Santiago, Wagner Tadeu and Arn Teh, Yit and Theruvil Parambil Sivan, Prasad and Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade and Veenendaal, Elmar and Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir and Dago, Marie Ruth and Traoré, Soulemane and Patacca, Marco and Badouard, Vincyane and de Padua Chaves e Carvalho, Samuel and White, Lee J. T. and Zhang-Zheng, Huanyuan and Zibera, Etienne and Zwerts, Joeri Alexander and Burslem, David F. R. P. and Silman, Miles and Chave, Jérôme and Enquist, Brian J. and Barlow, Jos and Phillips, Oliver L. and Coomes, David A. and Malhi, Yadvinder}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08663-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {129-136}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Canopy functional trait variation across earth’s tropical forests}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Effects of glacial forcing on lithospheric motion and ridge spreading. NATURE, 641(8061), 122-128. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glacial cycles significantly influenced Earth’s surface processes throughout the Quaternary, impacting the climate, sea level, and seismic and magmatic activity1–3. However, the effects of glaciation and deglaciation (that is, glacial forcing) on lithospheric motion are unknown. To study these effects, we formulated high-resolution numerical models with realistic lithospheric structures, including weak plate margins, lithospheric thickness variations and crustal structure. Our results show that glacial forcing significantly altered lithospheric motion and the spreading rates of mid-ocean ridges situated near major ice sheets in the last glacial cycle. For example, deglaciation-induced motion in the North American plate had a rotational part that was up to around 25% of its tectonic plate motion over 10,000-year timescales. The deglaciation in Greenland and Fennoscandia caused up to 40% fluctuations in the spreading rates of the Iceland Ridge between 12,000 and 6,000 years ago, which may explain the Holocene volcanism in Iceland. Our modelling also indicates increased (decreased) rates of global sea-floor production during the deglaciation (glaciation) periods with implications for mantle degassing rates. These results underscore the critical dynamic interplay between glacial cycles, lithospheric motion, ridge spreading and climate during ice ages. Realistic-lithosphere numerical models suggest glacial forcing in the last glacial cycle notably affected plate motions and mid-ocean-ridge spreading rates near major ice sheets, with implications for modern polar deglaciation enhancing magmatism and markedly impacting climate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yuan, Tao and Zhong, Shijie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08846-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {122-128}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Effects of glacial forcing on lithospheric motion and ridge spreading}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Generalizing arene C–H alkylations by radical–radical cross-coupling. NATURE, 641(8061), 112-121. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The efficient and modular diversification of molecular scaffolds, particularly for the synthesis of diverse molecular libraries, remains a notable challenge in drug optimization campaigns1–3. The late-stage introduction of alkyl fragments is especially desirable due to the high sp3 character and structural versatility of these motifs4. Given their prevalence in molecular frameworks, C(sp2)–H bonds serve as attractive targets for diversification, although this process often requires difficult prefunctionalization or lengthy de novo syntheses. Traditionally, direct alkylations of arenes are achieved by using Friedel–Crafts reaction conditions with strong Brønsted or Lewis acids5,6. However, these methods suffer from poor functional group tolerance and low selectivity, limiting their broad implementation in late-stage functionalization and drug optimization campaigns. Here we report the application of a new strategy for the selective coupling of differently hybridized radical species, which we term ‘dynamic orbital selection’. This mechanistic model overcomes common limitations of Friedel–Crafts alkylations via the in situ formation of two distinct radical species, which are subsequently differentiated by a copper-based catalyst on the basis of their respective binding properties. As a result, we demonstrate here a general and highly modular reaction for the direct alkylation of native arene C–H bonds using abundant and benign alcohols and carboxylic acids as the alkylating agents. Ultimately, this solution overcomes the synthetic challenges associated with the introduction of complex alkyl groups into highly sophisticated drug scaffolds in a late-stage fashion, thereby granting access to vast new chemical space. Based on the generality of the underlying coupling mechanism, ‘dynamic orbital selection’ is expected to be a broadly applicable coupling platform for further challenging transformations involving two distinct radical species. Using the concept of dynamic orbital selection distinct organic radical species can be differentiated, enabling direct coupling of aromatics with alcohols or carboxylic acids.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Großkopf, Johannes and Gopatta, Chawanansaya and Martin, Robert T. and Haseloer, Alexander and MacMillan, David W. C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08887-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {112-121}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Generalizing arene C–H alkylations by radical–radical cross-coupling}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metal-centred planar [15]annulenes. NATURE, 641(8061), 106-111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of ferrocene1 heralded the advent of modern organometallic chemistry. Characterized by the π-coordination of a metal by one or two planar annulene anions, ferrocenes and their analogues2–4 exemplify the archetype of out-of-plane annulene metal complexes. By contrast, the integration of metal within the annulene core to form in-plane annulene metal complexes featuring metal–carbon σ bonds has been obstructed not only by the synthetic difficulty and the non-planarity of annulenes with appropriate internal dimensions, but also by the difficulty of embedding the metal. These challenges have prevented the isolation of such in-plane annulene metal complexes. Here we report the preparation of three metal-centred planar [15]annulene frameworks. The most symmetrical fragment has D5h symmetry, with the metal centre shared by five identical five-membered rings. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that metal d orbitals participate in conjugation with these five-membered rings, rendering all of them aromatic. The overall framework bears a loose structural and spectroscopic analogy to metallo-expanded porphyrins with multiple aza donors5, which thus provides a nexus between annulene chemistry and classic heteroatom-based coordination chemistry. The present systems display high stability and are easily functionalized. We thus suggest that metal-centred planar annulenes could emerge as promising building blocks for materials science. An aromatic metallo-annulene, comprising a 15-carbon macrocycle enclosing an osmium complex, with the metal residing within the plane of the macrocycle is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Binbin and Chen, Dafa and Ruan, Kaidong and Luo, Ming and Cai, Yuanting and Qiu, Jia and Zhou, Wenhao and Cao, Bula and Lin, Zhenyang and Sessler, Jonathan L. and Xia, Haiping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08841-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {106-111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metal-centred planar [15]annulenes}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atomic lift-off of epitaxial membranes for cooling-free infrared detection. NATURE, 641(8061), 98-105. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent breakthroughs in ultrathin, single-crystalline, freestanding complex oxide systems have sparked industry interest in their potential for next-generation commercial devices1,2. However, the mass production of these ultrathin complex oxide membranes has been hindered by the challenging requirement of inserting an artificial release layer between the epilayers and substrates3,4. Here we introduce a technique that achieves atomic precision lift-off of ultrathin membranes without artificial release layers to facilitate the high-throughput production of scalable, ultrathin, freestanding perovskite systems. Leveraging both theoretical insights and empirical evidence, we have identified the pivotal role of lead in weakening the interface. This insight has led to the creation of a universal exfoliation strategy that enables the production of diverse ultrathin perovskite membranes less than 10 nm. Our pyroelectric membranes demonstrate a record-high pyroelectric coefficient of 1.76 × 10−2 C m−2 K−1, attributed to their exceptionally low thickness and freestanding nature. Moreover, this method offers an approach to manufacturing cooling-free detectors that can cover the full far-infrared spectrum, marking a notable advancement in detector technology5. Atomic precision lift-off of ultrathin membranes without artificial release layers can be achieved to facilitate the high-throughput production of scalable, ultrathin, single-crystalline, freestanding perovskite systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Xinyuan and Ericksen, Owen and Lee, Sangho and Akl, Marx and Song, Min-Kyu and Lan, Haihui and Pal, Pratap and Suh, Jun Min and Lindemann, Shane and Ryu, Jung-El and Shao, Yanjie and Zheng, Xudong and Han, Ne Myo and Bhatia, Bikram and Kim, Hyunseok and Kum, Hyun S. and Chang, Celesta S. and Shi, Yunfeng and Eom, Chang-Beom and Kim, Jeehwan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08874-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {98-105}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atomic lift-off of epitaxial membranes for cooling-free infrared detection}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Subnanosecond flash memory enabled by 2D-enhanced hot-carrier injection. NATURE, 641(8061), 90-97. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The pursuit of non-volatile memory with program speeds below one nanosecond, beyond the capabilities of non-volatile flash and high-speed volatile static random-access memory, remains a longstanding challenge in the field of memory technology1. Utilizing fundamental physics innovation enabled by advanced materials, series of emerging memories2–5 are being developed to overcome the speed bottleneck of non-volatile memory. As the most extensively applied non-volatile memory, the speed of flash is limited by the low efficiency of the electric-field-assisted program, with reported speeds6–10 much slower than sub-one nanosecond. Here we report a two-dimensional Dirac graphene-channel flash memory based on a two-dimensional-enhanced hot-carrier-injection mechanism, supporting both electron and hole injection. The Dirac channel flash shows a program speed of 400 picoseconds, non-volatile storage and robust endurance over 5.5 × 106 cycles. Our results confirm that the thin-body channel can optimize the horizontal electric-field (Ey) distribution, and the improved Ey-assisted program efficiency increases the injection current to 60.4 pA μm−1 at |VDS| = 3.7 V. We also find that the two-dimensional semiconductor tungsten diselenide has two-dimensional-enhanced hot-hole injection, but with different injection behaviour. This work demonstrates that the speed of non-volatile flash memory can exceed that of the fastest volatile static random-access memory with the same channel length. A two-dimensional Dirac graphene-channel flash memory based on a two-dimensional-enhanced hot-carrier-injection mechanism that supports both electron and hole injection is used to make devices with a subnanosecond program speed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiang, Yutong and Wang, Chong and Liu, Chunsen and Wang, Tanjun and Jiang, Yongbo and Wang, Yang and Wang, Shuiyuan and Zhou, Peng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08839-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {90-97}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Subnanosecond flash memory enabled by 2D-enhanced hot-carrier injection}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Driven bright solitons on a mid-infrared laser chip. NATURE, 641(8061), 83-89. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the continuing progress in integrated optical frequency comb technology1, compact sources of short, bright pulses in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3 to 12 μm so far remain beyond reach. The state-of-the-art ultrafast pulse emitters in the mid-infrared are complex, bulky and inefficient systems based on the downconversion of near-infrared or visible pulsed laser sources. Here we show a purely DC-driven semiconductor laser chip that generates 1-ps solitons at the centre wavelength of 8.3 μm at GHz repetition rates. The soliton generation scheme is akin to that of passive nonlinear Kerr resonators2. It relies on a fast bistability in active nonlinear laser resonators, unlike traditional passive mode-locking, which relies on saturable absorbers3, or active mode-locking by gain modulation in semiconductor lasers4. Monolithic integration of all components—drive laser, active ring resonator, coupler and pump filter—enables turnkey generation of bright solitons that remain robust for hours of continuous operation without active stabilization. Such devices can be readily produced at industrial laser foundries using standard fabrication protocols. Our work unifies the physics of active and passive microresonator frequency combs while simultaneously establishing a technology for nonlinear integrated photonics in the mid-infrared5. New fully integrated semiconductor laser architectures are shown to be able to generate bright and background-free picosecond solitons at GHz repetition rates in the mid-infrared range.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kazakov, Dmitry and Letsou, Theodore P. and Piccardo, Marco and Columbo, Lorenzo L. and Brambilla, Massimo and Prati, Franco and Dal Cin, Sandro and Beiser, Maximilian and Opačak, Nikola and Ratra, Pawan and Pushkarsky, Michael and Caffey, David and Day, Timothy and Lugiato, Luigi A. and Schwarz, Benedikt and Capasso, Federico}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08853-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {83-89}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Driven bright solitons on a mid-infrared laser chip}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electric-field-induced domain walls in wurtzite ferroelectrics. NATURE, 641(8061), 76-82. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Wurtzite ferroelectrics have transformative potential for next-generation microelectronics. A comprehensive understanding of their ferroelectric properties and domain energetics is crucial for tailoring their ferroelectric characteristics and exploiting their functional properties in practical devices. Despite burgeoning interest, the exact configurations and electronic structures of domain walls in wurtzite ferroelectrics remain elusive. Here we explain the atomic configurations and electronic properties of electric-field-induced domain walls in ferroelectric ScGaN. By combining transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations, a charged domain wall with a buckled two-dimensional hexagonal phase is revealed. Density functional theory calculations confirm that such domain-wall structures further give rise to unprecedented mid-gap states within the forbidden band. Quantitative analysis unveils a universal charge-compensation mechanism stabilizing antipolar domain walls in ferroelectric materials, in which the polarization discontinuity at the 180° domain wall is compensated by the unbonded valence electrons. Furthermore, the reconfigurable conductivity of these domain walls is experimentally demonstrated, showcasing their potential for ultrascaled device applications. Experimental and theoretical exploration of domain walls forming in wurtzite ferroelectrics following the application of electric fields demonstrates their reconfigurable conductivity as well as tunability, showing potential for use in ultrascaled devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Ding and Wang, Danhao and Molla, Mahlet and Liu, Yujie and Yang, Samuel and Yuan, Shuaishuai and Liu, Jiangnan and Hu, Mingtao and Wu, Yuanpeng and Ma, Tao and Sun, Kai and Guo, Hong and Kioupakis, Emmanouil and Mi, Zetian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08812-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {76-82}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electric-field-induced domain walls in wurtzite ferroelectrics}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous hall effect under spin flips and flops. NATURE, 641(8061), 70-75. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The interplay between nontrivial band topology and layered antiferromagnetism in MnBi2Te4 has opened a new avenue for exploring topological phases of matter1–4. The quantum anomalous Hall effect5 and axion insulator state6 have been observed in odd and even number layers of MnBi2Te4, and the quantum metric nonlinear Hall effect7,8 has been shown to exist in this topological antiferromagnet. The rich and complex antiferromagnetic spin dynamics in MnBi2Te4 is expected to generate new quantum anomalous Hall phenomena that are absent in conventional ferromagnetic topological insulators, but experimental observations are still unknown. Here we fabricate a device of 7-septuple-layer MnBi2Te4 covered with an AlOx capping layer, which enables the investigation of antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous Hall effect over wide parameter spaces. By tuning the gate voltage and perpendicular magnetic field, we uncover a cascade of quantum phase transitions that can be attributed to the influence of complex spin configurations on edge state transport. Furthermore, we find that an in-plane magnetic field enhances both the coercive field and the exchange gap of the surface state, in contrast to that in the ferromagnetic quantum anomalous Hall state. Combined with numerical simulations, we propose that these peculiar features arise from the spin flip and flop transitions that are inherent to a van der Waals antiferromagnet. The versatile tunability of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in MnBi2Te4 paves the way for potential applications in topological antiferromagnetic spintronics9,10. A new device based on 7-septuple-layer MnBi2Te4 covered with an AlOx capping layer enables the investigation of antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous Hall effect over wide parameter spaces.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lian, Zichen and Wang, Yongchao and Wang, Yongqian and Dong, Wen-Han and Feng, Yang and Dong, Zehao and Ma, Mangyuan and Yang, Shuai and Xu, Liangcai and Li, Yaoxin and Fu, Bohan and Li, Yuetan and Jiang, Wanjun and Xu, Yong and Liu, Chang and Zhang, Jinsong and Wang, Yayu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08860-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {70-75}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous hall effect under spin flips and flops}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of the axion quasiparticle in 2D MnBi2Te4. NATURE, 641(8061), 62-69. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The axion is a hypothetical fundamental particle that is conjectured to correspond to the coherent oscillation of the θ field in quantum chromodynamics1,2. Its existence would solve multiple fundamental questions, including the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics and dark matter, but the axion has never been detected. Electrodynamics of condensed-matter systems can also give rise to a similar θ, so far studied as a static, quantized value to characterize the topology of materials3–5. Coherent oscillation of θ in condensed matter has been proposed to lead to physics directly analogous to the high-energy axion particle—the dynamical axion quasiparticle (DAQ)6–23. Here we report the observation of the DAQ in MnBi2Te4. By combining a two-dimensional electronic device with ultrafast pump–probe optics, we observe a coherent oscillation of θ at about 44 gigahertz, which is uniquely induced by its out-of-phase antiferromagnetic magnon. This represents direct evidence for the presence of the DAQ, which in two-dimensional MnBi2Te4 is found to arise from the magnon-induced coherent modulation of the Berry curvature. The DAQ also has implications in light–matter interaction and coherent antiferromagnetic spintronics24, as it might lead to axion polaritons and electric control of ultrafast spin polarization6,15–20. Finally, the DAQ could be used to detect axion particles21–23. We estimate the detection frequency range and sensitivity in the millielectronvolt regime, which has so far been poorly explored. The dynamical axion quasiparticle, which is directly analogous to the hypothetical fundamental axion particle, is observed in two-dimensional MnBi2Te4, and has implications for quantum chromodynamics, cosmology and string theory.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiu, Jian-Xiang and Ghosh, Barun and Schütte-Engel, Jan and Qian, Tiema and Smith, Michael and Yao, Yueh-Ting and Ahn, Junyeong and Liu, Yu-Fei and Gao, Anyuan and Tzschaschel, Christian and Li, Houchen and Petrides, Ioannis and Bérubé, Damien and Dinh, Thao and Huang, Tianye and Liebman, Olivia and Been, Emily M. and Blawat, Joanna M. and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Fong, Kin Chung and Lin, Hsin and Orth, Peter P. and Narang, Prineha and Felser, Claudia and Chang, Tay-Rong and McDonald, Ross and McQueeney, Robert J. and Bansil, Arun and Martin, Ivar and Ni, Ni and Ma, Qiong and Marsh, David J. E. and Vishwanath, Ashvin and Xu, Su-Yang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08862-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {62-69}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of the axion quasiparticle in 2D MnBi2Te4}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The distribution of subsurface microplastics in the ocean. NATURE, 641(8061), 51-61. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Marine plastic pollution is a global issue, with microplastics (1 µm–5 mm) dominating the measured plastic count1,2. Although microplastics can be found throughout the oceanic water column3,4, most studies collect microplastics from surface waters (less than about 50-cm depth) using net tows5. Consequently, our understanding of the microplastics distribution across ocean depths is more limited. Here we synthesize depth-profile data from 1,885 stations collected between 2014 and 2024 to provide insights into the distribution and potential transport mechanisms of subsurface (below about 50-cm depth, which is not usually sampled by traditional practices3,6) microplastics throughout the oceanic water column. We find that the abundances of microplastics range from 10−4 to 104 particles per cubic metre. Microplastic size affects their distribution; the abundance of small microplastics (1 µm to 100 µm) decreases gradually with depth, indicating a more even distribution and longer lifespan in the water column compared with larger microplastics (100 µm to 5,000 µm) that tend to concentrate at the stratified layers. Mid-gyre accumulation zones extend into the subsurface ocean but are concentrated in the top 100 m and predominantly consist of larger microplastics. Our analysis suggests that microplastics constitute a measurable fraction of the total particulate organic carbon, increasing from 0.1% at 30 m to 5% at 2,000 m. Although our study establishes a global benchmark, our findings underscore that the lack of standardization creates substantial uncertainties, making it challenging to advance our comprehension of the distribution of microplastics and its impact on the oceanic environment. Global data collected between 2014 and 2024 provide insights into the distribution and potential transport mechanisms of subsurface microplastics throughout the oceanic water column.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Shiye and Kvale, Karin F. and Zhu, Lixin and Zettler, Erik R. and Egger, Matthias and Mincer, Tracy J. and Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. and Lebreton, Laurent and Niemann, Helge and Nakajima, Ryota and Thiel, Martin and Bos, Ryan P. and Galgani, Luisa and Stubbins, Aron}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08818-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {51-61}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The distribution of subsurface microplastics in the ocean}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Twenty years of genome-wide association studies. NATURE, 641(8061), 47-49. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A powerful and unbiased way to identify links between genetic variants and biological traits has changed scientists’ understanding of complex diseases and how to treat them. The first robust association between a genetic variant and disease risk.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Southam, Lorraine and Zeggini, Eleftheria}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01128-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {47-49}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Twenty years of genome-wide association studies}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hunter-gatherers journeyed by sea to malta. NATURE, 641(8061), 46-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evidence reveals that people reached Malta 8,500 years ago. Hunter-gatherers made the long trip there 1,000 years before agricultural societies arrived. Evidence reveals that people reached Malta 8,500 years ago. Hunter-gatherers made the long trip there 1,000 years before agricultural societies arrived.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gaffney, Dylan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00913-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {46-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hunter-gatherers journeyed by sea to malta}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crucial meeting: Molecule helps vaccine to interact with killer t cells. NATURE, 641(8061), 44-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Vaccines containing peptides called antigens are bad at stimulating key immune cells called killer T cells. A molecule now enables antigens to encounter these T cells. Vaccines containing peptides called antigens are bad at stimulating key immune cells called killer T cells. A molecule now enables antigens to encounter these T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wilson, John T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00900-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {44-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crucial meeting: Molecule helps vaccine to interact with killer t cells}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metal-cored molecule is the first of its kind. NATURE, 641(8061), 43-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A new class of organometallic compound has been made that has a distinctive geometry and electronic structure — with potential for catalysis and materials science. A new class of organometallic compound has been made that has a distinctive geometry and electronic structure — with potential for catalysis and materials science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Musgrave, Rebecca}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01135-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {43-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metal-cored molecule is the first of its kind}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare ancient DNA from sahara opens a window on the region’s verdant past. NATURE, 641(8061), 41-43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sequencing of 7,000-year-old human genomes from when the Sahara Desert was green suggest that pastoralism spread through cultural exchange, not large-scale migration. Sequencing of 7,000-year-old human genomes from when the Sahara Desert was green suggest that pastoralism spread through cultural exchange, not large-scale migration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prendergast, Mary}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00755-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {41-43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare ancient DNA from sahara opens a window on the region’s verdant past}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Eugenics is on the rise again: Human geneticists must take a stand. NATURE, 641(8061), 37-38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists must push back against the threat of rising white nationalism and the dangerous and pseudoscientific ideas of eugenics. Scientists must push back against the threat of rising white nationalism and the dangerous and pseudoscientific ideas of eugenics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wojcik, Genevieve L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01297-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {37-38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Eugenics is on the rise again: Human geneticists must take a stand}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why we need to measure people’s well-being — Lessons from a global survey. NATURE, 641(8061), 34-36. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Greater insights into what makes people happy, secure and hopeful will make for a better world. Greater insights into what makes people happy, secure and hopeful will make for a better world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {VanderWeele, Tyler J. and Johnson, Byron R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01254-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {5}, number = {8061}, pages = {34-36}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why we need to measure people’s well-being — Lessons from a global survey}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A forensic investigator of glacier change. NATURE, 641(8061), 274. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Jemma Wadham analyses the ever-changing glaciers of the Arctic. Jemma Wadham analyses the ever-changing glaciers of the Arctic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bhambra, Raveena}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01300-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {274}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A forensic investigator of glacier change}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The do’s and don’ts of scientific image editing. NATURE, 641(8061), 270-271. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acceptable image-editing practices are partly a matter of common sense. But researchers say journals and funders could help scientists by standardizing policies. Acceptable image-editing practices are partly a matter of common sense. But researchers say journals and funders could help scientists by standardizing policies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reardon, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01299-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {270-271}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The do’s and don’ts of scientific image editing}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). My fight to unlock cannabis and psychedelic drugs for use in medical research. NATURE, 641(8061), 267-269. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Physician Sue Sisley battles to study cannabis and psilocybin mushrooms for pain, addiction and PTSD. Physician Sue Sisley battles to study cannabis and psilocybin mushrooms for pain, addiction and PTSD.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berghaus, Robin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01298-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {267-269}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {My fight to unlock cannabis and psychedelic drugs for use in medical research}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Preserve access to crucial climate data. NATURE, 641(8061), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Añel, Juan A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01328-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Preserve access to crucial climate data}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cell classification should be based on more than just DNA. NATURE, 641(8061), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lopes Ribeiro Junior, Howard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01329-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cell classification should be based on more than just DNA}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Debris from rockets is polluting the caribbean. NATURE, 641(8061), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ambrose, Kristal K. and Walker, Tony R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01330-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Debris from rockets is polluting the caribbean}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The use of AI in peer review could undermine science. NATURE, 641(8061), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xames, Md Doulotuzzaman}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01327-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The use of AI in peer review could undermine science}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The lunatic is on the grass: Books in brief. NATURE, 641(8061), 33. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01232-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The lunatic is on the grass: Books in brief}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the world’s largest language family spread — And why others go extinct. NATURE, 641(8061), 31-33. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Three books that take on the history of languages have something for everyone. Three books that take on the history of languages have something for everyone.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01296-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {31-33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the world’s largest language family spread — And why others go extinct}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will US science survive trump 2.0?. NATURE, 641(8061), 26-30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {President Donald Trump and his administration have gutted science agencies, terminated research programmes and cancelled billions of dollars in grants to universities. What are the long-term impacts for the United States and the world? President Donald Trump and his administration have gutted science agencies, terminated research programmes and cancelled billions of dollars in grants to universities. What are the long-term impacts for the United States and the world?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff and Garisto, Dan and Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01295-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {26-30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will US science survive trump 2.0?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump blew up the global fight against AIDS. can it recover?. NATURE, 641(8061), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An ambitious plan to stop the global threat of AIDS has been derailed. But many are hopeful that progress can be salvaged. An ambitious plan to stop the global threat of AIDS has been derailed. But many are hopeful that progress can be salvaged.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bajaj, Simar S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01294-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump blew up the global fight against AIDS. can it recover?}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Century-old genetics mystery of mendel’s peas finally solved. NATURE, 641(8061), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers pinpoint the genes responsible for the final three pea traits studied by the famed citizen scientist. Researchers pinpoint the genes responsible for the final three pea traits studied by the famed citizen scientist.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01269-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Century-old genetics mystery of mendel’s peas finally solved}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Totally broken’: How trump 2.0 has paralysed work at US science agencies. NATURE, 641(8061), 18-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers who spoke to Nature say they don’t have the money or staff to do fieldwork or process samples. Researchers who spoke to Nature say they don’t have the money or staff to do fieldwork or process samples.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01245-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {18-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Totally broken’: How trump 2.0 has paralysed work at US science agencies}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 25 million deaths: What could happen if the US ends global health funding. NATURE, 641(8061), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Models estimate the ginormous potential impact of foreign-aid cuts. Models estimate the ginormous potential impact of foreign-aid cuts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01191-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {25 million deaths: What could happen if the US ends global health funding}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brand-new colour created by tricking human eyes with laser. NATURE, 641(8061), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ‘off-the-charts saturated’ greenish hue — called olo — has been seen by only five study participants. The ‘off-the-charts saturated’ greenish hue — called olo — has been seen by only five study participants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01252-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brand-new colour created by tricking human eyes with laser}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Invasion of the ‘journal snatchers’: The firms that buy science publications and turn them rogue. NATURE, 641(8061), 15-16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study finds dozens of journals that have hiked their fees and started churning out papers after being acquired by small, recently formed companies. Study finds dozens of journals that have hiked their fees and started churning out papers after being acquired by small, recently formed companies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh Chawla, Dalmeet}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01198-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {15-16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Invasion of the ‘journal snatchers’: The firms that buy science publications and turn them rogue}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inside the quest to digitally unroll ancient scrolls burnt by vesuvius. NATURE, 641(8061), 13-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mission to decipher Herculaneum scrolls using high-resolution scanning and artificial intelligence scales up rapidly. Mission to decipher Herculaneum scrolls using high-resolution scanning and artificial intelligence scales up rapidly.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marchant, Jo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01087-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {13-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inside the quest to digitally unroll ancient scrolls burnt by vesuvius}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Martian rock hints at ancient dense atmosphere. NATURE, 641(8061), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbonate mineral is long-sought evidence of conditions that supported liquid water. Carbonate mineral is long-sought evidence of conditions that supported liquid water.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01255-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Martian rock hints at ancient dense atmosphere}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A front-line antiviral drug disappoints against worrisome monkeypox strain. NATURE, 641(8061), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tecovirimat, which has been approved to treat mpox, was no better than a placebo in a large trial. Tecovirimat, which has been approved to treat mpox, was no better than a placebo in a large trial.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01268-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A front-line antiviral drug disappoints against worrisome monkeypox strain}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why US police shootings are so deadly ― and why some police forces do better. NATURE, 641(8061), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two studies show the extent of gunshot wounds inflicted by police and link certain police-department policies with a lower death toll. Two studies show the extent of gunshot wounds inflicted by police and link certain police-department policies with a lower death toll.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01271-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why US police shootings are so deadly ― and why some police forces do better}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Tatooine’-like planet orbits two stars ― but at a weird angle. NATURE, 641(8061), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Like the Star Wars planet, a distant world follows a path around two stars, both of them small, cool bodies called brown dwarfs. Like the Star Wars planet, a distant world follows a path around two stars, both of them small, cool bodies called brown dwarfs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01272-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Tatooine’-like planet orbits two stars ― but at a weird angle}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Academia needs a more honest, scientific approach to DEI. NATURE, 641(8061), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Universities must be frank about barriers to equity, devise clear metrics for what they are trying to achieve and measure progress transparently. Universities must be frank about barriers to equity, devise clear metrics for what they are trying to achieve and measure progress transparently.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {West, Keon}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01240-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Academia needs a more honest, scientific approach to DEI}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Historic pandemic treaty is a triumph in a world being torn apart. NATURE, 641(8061), 8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Global agreement on a pandemic preparedness plan came against all the odds. Now all parties must follow good intentions with concrete actions. Global agreement on a pandemic preparedness plan came against all the odds. Now all parties must follow good intentions with concrete actions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01307-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Historic pandemic treaty is a triumph in a world being torn apart}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The end of AIDS is in sight: Don’t abandon PEPFAR now. NATURE, 641(8061), 7-8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The US administration should clear up the confusion over the future of a widely admired AIDS fund and push for Congress to reauthorize it. The US administration should clear up the confusion over the future of a widely admired AIDS fund and push for Congress to reauthorize it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01308-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8061}, pages = {7-8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The end of AIDS is in sight: Don’t abandon PEPFAR now}, volume = {641}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Recapitulation of premature ageing with iPSCs from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. NATURE, 640(8060), E34. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Guang-Hui and Barkho, Basam Z. and Ruiz, Sergio and Diep, Dinh and Qu, Jing and Yang, Sheng-Lian and Panopoulos, Athanasia D. and Suzuki, Keiichiro and Kurian, Leo and Walsh, Christopher and Thompson, James and Boue, Stephanie and Fung, Ho Lim and Sancho-Martinez, Ignacio and Zhang, Kun and Yates III, John and Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08924-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {E34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Recapitulation of premature ageing with iPSCs from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 unlikely but not unexpected. NATURE, 640(8060), E33. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Terhaar, Jens and Burger, Friedrich A. and Vogt, Linus and Frölicher, Thomas L. and Stocker, Thomas F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08923-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {E33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 unlikely but not unexpected}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor. NATURE, 640(8060), E32. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jafferis, Daniel and Zlokapa, Alexander and Lykken, Joseph D. and Kolchmeyer, David K. and Davis, Samantha I. and Lauk, Nikolai and Neven, Hartmut and Spiropulu, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08788-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {E32}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sowing solutions: My quest to save kenya’s maize from a devastating invader. NATURE, 640(8060), 1120. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Henry Sila Nzioki has developed a weed-killing fungus to improve food security. Henry Sila Nzioki has developed a weed-killing fungus to improve food security.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01242-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1120}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sowing solutions: My quest to save kenya’s maize from a devastating invader}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Which programming language should i use? a guide for early-career researchers. NATURE, 640(8060), 1116-1117. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Computer scientists and bioinformaticians address four key questions to help rookie coders to make the right choice. Computer scientists and bioinformaticians address four key questions to help rookie coders to make the right choice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Perkel, Jeffrey M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01241-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1116-1117}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Which programming language should i use? a guide for early-career researchers}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Norway set to scrap mandatory language training for foreign postdocs and PhD students. NATURE, 640(8060), 1113-1114. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers jubilant over swift ministerial response to rule they say would hamper international recruitment. Researchers jubilant over swift ministerial response to rule they say would hamper international recruitment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00994-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1113-1114}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Norway set to scrap mandatory language training for foreign postdocs and PhD students}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). BRCA2 prevents PARPi-mediated PARP1 retention to protect RAD51 filaments. NATURE, 640(8060), 1103-1111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The tumour-suppressor protein BRCA2 has a central role in homology-directed DNA repair by enhancing the formation of RAD51 filaments on resected single-stranded DNA generated at double-stranded DNA breaks and stimulating RAD51 activity1,2. Individuals with BRCA2 mutations are predisposed to cancer; however, BRCA2-deficient tumours are often responsive to targeted therapy with PARP inhibitors (PARPi)3–6. The mechanism by which BRCA2 deficiency renders cells sensitive to PARPi but with minimal toxicity in cells heterozygous for BRCA2 mutations remains unclear. Here we identify a previously unknown role of BRCA2 that is directly linked to the effect of PARP1 inhibition. Using biochemical and single-molecule approaches, we demonstrate that PARPi-mediated PARP1 retention on a resected DNA substrate interferes with RAD51 filament stability and impairs RAD51-mediated DNA strand exchange. Full-length BRCA2 protects RAD51 filaments and counteracts the instability conferred by PARPi-mediated retention by preventing the binding of PARP1 to DNA. Extending these findings to a cellular context, we use quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy to show that BRCA2 prevents PARPi-induced PARP1 retention at homologous-recombination repair sites. By contrast, BRCA2-deficient cells exhibit increased PARP1 retention at these lesions in response to PARPi. These results provide mechanistic insights into the role of BRCA2 in maintaining RAD51 stability and protecting homologous-recombination repair sites by mitigating PARPi-mediated PARP1 retention. The tumour-suppressor protein BRCA2 is discovered to have a previously undescribed role in maintaining genomic integrity and the sensitivity of PARP1 inhibitors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lahiri, Sudipta and Hamilton, George and Moore, Gemma and Goehring, Liana and Huang, Tony T. and Jensen, Ryan B. and Rothenberg, Eli}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08749-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1103-1111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {BRCA2 prevents PARPi-mediated PARP1 retention to protect RAD51 filaments}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Comprehensive interrogation of synthetic lethality in the DNA damage response. NATURE, 640(8060), 1093-1102. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The DNA damage response (DDR) is a multifaceted network of pathways that preserves genome stability1,2. Unravelling the complementary interplay between these pathways remains a challenge3,4. Here we used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screening to comprehensively map the genetic interactions required for survival during normal human cell homeostasis across all core DDR genes. We captured known interactions and discovered myriad new connections that are available online. We defined the molecular mechanism of two of the strongest interactions. First, we found that WDR48 works with USP1 to restrain PCNA degradation in FEN1/LIG1-deficient cells. Second, we found that SMARCAL1 and FANCM directly unwind TA-rich DNA cruciforms, preventing catastrophic chromosome breakage by the ERCC1–ERCC4 complex. Our data yield fundamental insights into genome maintenance, provide a springboard for mechanistic investigations into new connections between DDR factors and pinpoint synthetic vulnerabilities that could be exploited in cancer therapy. Combinatorial CRISPRi screening was used to map genetic interactions in DNA damage response pathways, revealing known and new connections, including the roles of WDR48 and USP1 in preventing under-replication and SMARCAL1 and FANCM in remodelling persistent cruciform DNA structures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fielden, John and Siegner, Sebastian M. and Gallagher, Danielle N. and Schröder, Markus S. and Dello Stritto, Maria Rosaria and Lam, Simon and Kobel, Lena and Schlapansky, Moritz F. and Jackson, Stephen P. and Cejka, Petr and Jost, Marco and Corn, Jacob E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08815-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1093-1102}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Comprehensive interrogation of synthetic lethality in the DNA damage response}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolutionary fingerprints of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. NATURE, 640(8060), 1083-1092. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mesenchymal plasticity has been extensively described in advanced epithelial cancers; however, its functional role in malignant progression is controversial1–5. The function of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell plasticity in tumour heterogeneity and clonal evolution is poorly understood. Here we clarify the contribution of EMT to malignant progression in pancreatic cancer. We used somatic mosaic genome engineering technologies to trace and ablate malignant mesenchymal lineages along the EMT continuum. The experimental evidence clarifies the essential contribution of mesenchymal lineages to pancreatic cancer evolution. Spatial genomic analysis, single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of EMT clarifies its contribution to the emergence of genomic instability, including events of chromothripsis. Genetic ablation of mesenchymal lineages robustly abolished these mutational processes and evolutionary patterns, as confirmed by cross-species analysis of pancreatic and other human solid tumours. Mechanistically, we identified that malignant cells with mesenchymal features display increased chromatin accessibility, particularly in the pericentromeric and centromeric regions, in turn resulting in delayed mitosis and catastrophic cell division. Thus, EMT favours the emergence of genomic-unstable, highly fit tumour cells, which strongly supports the concept of cell-state-restricted patterns of evolution, whereby cancer cell speciation is propagated to progeny within restricted functional compartments. Restraining the evolutionary routes through ablation of clones capable of mesenchymal plasticity, and extinction of the derived lineages, halts the malignant potential of one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer. Malignant cells with mesenchymal features display increased chromatin accessibility, particularly in the pericentromeric and centromeric regions, in turn resulting in delayed mitosis and catastrophic cell division.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Perelli, Luigi and Zhang, Li and Mangiameli, Sarah and Giannese, Francesca and Mahadevan, Krishnan K. and Peng, Fuduan and Citron, Francesca and Khan, Hania and Le, Courtney and Gurreri, Enrico and Carbone, Federica and Russell, Andrew J. C. and Soeung, Melinda and Lam, Truong Nguyen Anh and Lundgren, Sebastian and Marisetty, Sujay and Zhu, Cihui and Catania, Desiree and Mohamed, Alaa M. T. and Feng, Ningping and Augustine, Jithesh Jose and Sgambato, Alessandro and Tortora, Giampaolo and Draetta, Giulio F. and Tonon, Giovanni and Futreal, Andrew and Giuliani, Virginia and Carugo, Alessandro and Viale, Andrea and Kim, Michael P. and Heffernan, Timothy P. and Wang, Linghua and Kalluri, Raghu and Cittaro, Davide and Chen, Fei and Genovese, Giannicola}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08671-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1083-1092}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolutionary fingerprints of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Programs, origins and immunomodulatory functions of myeloid cells in glioma. NATURE, 640(8060), 1072-1082. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gliomas are incurable malignancies notable for having an immunosuppressive microenvironment with abundant myeloid cells, the immunomodulatory phenotypes of which remain poorly defined1. Here we systematically investigate these phenotypes by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, chromatin accessibility, spatial transcriptomics and glioma organoid explant systems. We discovered four immunomodulatory expression programs: microglial inflammatory and scavenger immunosuppressive programs, which are both unique to primary brain tumours, and systemic inflammatory and complement immunosuppressive programs, which are also expressed by non-brain tumours. The programs are not contingent on myeloid cell type, developmental origin or tumour mutational state, but instead are driven by microenvironmental cues, including tumour hypoxia, interleukin-1β, TGFβ and standard-of-care dexamethasone treatment. Their relative expression can predict immunotherapy response and overall survival. By associating the respective programs with mediating genomic elements, transcription factors and signalling pathways, we uncover strategies for manipulating myeloid-cell phenotypes. Our study provides a framework to understand immunomodulation by myeloid cells in glioma and a foundation for the development of more-effective immunotherapies. A study of myeloid cells in gliomas, a type of brain tumour, used a factor-based computational framework to reveal four immunomodulatory gene-expression programs that are expressed across myeloid cell types, driven by microenvironmental cues and predictive of therapeutic response.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miller, Tyler E. and El Farran, Chadi A. and Couturier, Charles P. and Chen, Zeyu and D’Antonio, Joshua P. and Verga, Julia and Villanueva, Martin A. and Gonzalez Castro, L. Nicolas and Tong, Yuzhou Evelyn and Saadi, Tariq Al and Chiocca, Andrew N. and Zhang, Yuanyuan and Fischer, David S. and Heiland, Dieter Henrik and Guerriero, Jennifer L. and Petrecca, Kevin and Suva, Mario L. and Shalek, Alex K. and Bernstein, Bradley E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08633-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1072-1082}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Programs, origins and immunomodulatory functions of myeloid cells in glioma}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). VDAC2 loss elicits tumour destruction and inflammation for cancer therapy. NATURE, 640(8060), 1062-1071. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tumour cells often evade immune pressure exerted by CD8+ T cells or immunotherapies through mechanisms that are largely unclear1,2. Here, using complementary in vivo and in vitro CRISPR–Cas9 genetic screens to target metabolic factors, we established voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) as an immune signal-dependent checkpoint that curtails interferon-γ (IFNγ)-mediated tumour destruction and inflammatory reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment. Targeting VDAC2 in tumour cells enabled IFNγ-induced cell death and cGAS–STING activation, and markedly improved anti-tumour effects and immunotherapeutic responses. Using a genome-scale genetic interaction screen, we identified BAK as the mediator of VDAC2-deficiency-induced effects. Mechanistically, IFNγ stimulation increased BIM, BID and BAK expression, with VDAC2 deficiency eliciting uncontrolled IFNγ-induced BAK activation and mitochondrial damage. Consequently, mitochondrial DNA was aberrantly released into the cytosol and triggered robust activation of cGAS–STING signalling and type I IFN response. Importantly, co-deletion of STING signalling components dampened the therapeutic effects of VDAC2 depletion in tumour cells, suggesting that targeting VDAC2 integrates CD8+ T cell- and IFNγ-mediated adaptive immunity with a tumour-intrinsic innate immune-like response. Together, our findings reveal VDAC2 as a dual-action target to overcome tumour immune evasion and establish the importance of coordinately destructing and inflaming tumours to enable efficacious cancer immunotherapy. VDAC2 deficiency elicits uncontrolled IFNγ-induced BAK activation and mitochondrial damage for improved cancer therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yuan, Sujing and Sun, Renqiang and Shi, Hao and Chapman, Nicole M. and Hu, Haoran and Guy, Cliff and Rankin, Sherri and KC, Anil and Palacios, Gustavo and Meng, Xiaoxi and Sun, Xiang and Zhou, Peipei and Yang, Xiaoyang and Gottschalk, Stephen and Chi, Hongbo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08732-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1062-1071}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {VDAC2 loss elicits tumour destruction and inflammation for cancer therapy}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Aspirin prevents metastasis by limiting platelet TXA2 suppression of t cell immunity. NATURE, 640(8060), 1052-1061. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from primary tumours to distant organs and is the cause of 90% of cancer deaths globally1,2. Metastasizing cancer cells are uniquely vulnerable to immune attack, as they are initially deprived of the immunosuppressive microenvironment found within established tumours3. There is interest in therapeutically exploiting this immune vulnerability to prevent recurrence in patients with early cancer at risk of metastasis. Here we show that inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), including aspirin, enhance immunity to cancer metastasis by releasing T cells from suppression by platelet-derived thromboxane A2 (TXA2). TXA2 acts on T cells to trigger an immunosuppressive pathway that is dependent on the guanine exchange factor ARHGEF1, suppressing T cell receptor-driven kinase signalling, proliferation and effector functions. T cell-specific conditional deletion of Arhgef1 in mice increases T cell activation at the metastatic site, provoking immune-mediated rejection of lung and liver metastases. Consequently, restricting the availability of TXA2 using aspirin, selective COX-1 inhibitors or platelet-specific deletion of COX-1 reduces the rate of metastasis in a manner that is dependent on T cell-intrinsic expression of ARHGEF1 and signalling by TXA2 in vivo. These findings reveal a novel immunosuppressive pathway that limits T cell immunity to cancer metastasis, providing mechanistic insights into the anti-metastatic activity of aspirin and paving the way for more effective anti-metastatic immunotherapies. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 releases T cells from immunosuppression by platelet-derived thromboxane A2, thereby enhancing the immune response against metastasis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Jie and Yamashita-Kanemaru, Yumi and Morris, Benjamin I. and Contursi, Annalisa and Trajkovski, Daniel and Xu, Jingru and Patrascan, Ilinca and Benson, Jayme and Evans, Alexander C. and Conti, Alberto G. and Al-Deka, Aws and Dahmani, Layla and Avdic-Belltheus, Adnan and Zhang, Baojie and Okkenhaug, Hanneke and Whiteside, Sarah K. and Imianowski, Charlotte J. and Wesolowski, Alexander J. and Webb, Louise V. and Puccio, Simone and Tacconelli, Stefania and Bruno, Annalisa and Di Berardino, Sara and De Michele, Alessandra and Welch, Heidi C. E. and Yu, I-Shing and Lin, Shu-Wha and Mitra, Suman and Lugli, Enrico and van der Weyden, Louise and Okkenhaug, Klaus and Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh and Patrignani, Paola and Adams, David J. and Roychoudhuri, Rahul}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08626-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1052-1061}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Aspirin prevents metastasis by limiting platelet TXA2 suppression of t cell immunity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Characterization of single neurons reprogrammed by pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 640(8060), 1042-1051. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The peripheral nervous system (PNS) orchestrates organ function in health and disease. Most cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), are infiltrated by PNS neurons, and this contributes to the complex tumour microenvironment (TME)1,2. However, neuronal cell bodies reside in various PNS ganglia, far from the tumour mass. Thus, cancer-innervating or healthy-organ-innervating neurons are lacking in current tissue-sequencing datasets. To molecularly characterize pancreas- and PDAC-innervating neurons at single-cell resolution, we developed Trace-n-Seq. This method uses retrograde tracing of axons from tissues to their respective ganglia, followed by single-cell isolation and transcriptomic analysis. By characterizing more than 5,000 individual sympathetic and sensory neurons, with about 4,000 innervating PDAC or healthy pancreas, we reveal novel neuronal cell types and molecular networks that are distinct to the pancreas, pancreatitis, PDAC or melanoma metastasis. We integrate single-cell datasets of innervating neurons and the TME to establish a neuron–cancer–microenvironment interactome, delineate cancer-driven neuronal reprogramming and generate a pancreatic-cancer nerve signature. Pharmacological denervation induces a pro-inflammatory TME and increases the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. The taxane nab-paclitaxel causes intratumoral neuropathy, which attenuates PDAC growth and, in combination with sympathetic denervation, results in synergistic tumour regression. Our multi-dimensional data provide insights into the networks and functions of PDAC-innervating neurons, and support the inclusion of denervation in future therapies. A technique that combines retrograde axon tracing with single-cell transcriptomics is used to characterize neurons innervating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and healthy pancreas, providing insight into the role of neural connections in cancer progression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thiel, Vera and Renders, Simon and Panten, Jasper and Dross, Nicolas and Bauer, Katharina and Azorin, Daniel and Henriques, Vanessa and Vogel, Vanessa and Klein, Corinna and Leppä, Aino-Maija and Barriuso Ortega, Isabel and Schwickert, Jonas and Ourailidis, Iordanis and Mochayedi, Julian and Mallm, Jan-Philipp and Müller-Tidow, Carsten and Monyer, Hannah and Neoptolemos, John and Hackert, Thilo and Stegle, Oliver and Odom, Duncan T. and Offringa, Rienk and Stenzinger, Albrecht and Winkler, Frank and Sprick, Martin and Trumpp, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08735-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1042-1051}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Characterization of single neurons reprogrammed by pancreatic cancer}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. NATURE, 640(8060), 1031-1041. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Given the high recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post-resection1–3, improved early identification of patients at high risk for post-resection recurrence would help to improve patient outcomes and prioritize healthcare resources4–6. Here we observed a spatial and HCC recurrence-associated distribution of natural killer (NK) cells in the invasive front and tumour centre from 61 patients. Using extreme gradient boosting and inverse-variance weighting, we developed the tumour immune microenvironment spatial (TIMES) score based on the spatial expression patterns of five biomarkers (SPON2, ZFP36L2, ZFP36, VIM and HLA-DRB1) to predict HCC recurrence risk. The TIMES score (hazard ratio = 88.2, P < 0.001) outperformed current standard tools for patient risk stratification including the TNM and BCLC systems. We validated the model in 231 patients from five multicentred cohorts, achieving a real-world accuracy of 82.2% and specificity of 85.7%. The predictive power of these biomarkers emerged through the integration of their spatial distributions, rather than individual marker expression levels alone. In vivo models, including NK cell-specific Spon2-knockout mice, revealed that SPON2 enhances IFNγ secretion and NK cell infiltration at the invasive front. Our study introduces TIMES, a publicly accessible tool for predicting HCC recurrence risk, offering insights into its potential to inform treatment decisions for early-stage HCC. A publicly accessible tool—the TIMES score—for predicting the risk of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is revealed, providing mechanistic insights into the prognostic patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Gengjie and He, Peiqi and Dai, Tianli and Goh, Denise and Wang, Jiabei and Sun, Mengyuan and Wee, Felicia and Li, Fuling and Lim, Jeffrey Chun Tatt and Hao, Shuxia and Liu, Yao and Lim, Tony Kiat Hon and Ngo, Nye-Thane and Tao, Qingping and Wang, Wei and Umar, Ahitsham and Nashan, Björn and Zhang, Yongchang and Ding, Chen and Yeong, Joe and Liu, Lianxin and Sun, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08668-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1031-1041}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A broad-spectrum lasso peptide antibiotic targeting the bacterial ribosome. NATURE, 640(8060), 1022-1030. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lasso peptides (biologically active molecules with a distinct structurally constrained knotted fold) are natural products that belong to the class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides1–3. Lasso peptides act on several bacterial targets4,5, but none have been reported to inhibit the ribosome, one of the main targets of antibiotics in the bacterial cell6,7. Here we report the identification and characterization of the lasso peptide antibiotic lariocidin and its internally cyclized derivative lariocidin B, produced by Paenibacillus sp. M2, which has broad-spectrum activity against a range of bacterial pathogens. We show that lariocidins inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the ribosome and interfering with protein synthesis. Structural, genetic and biochemical data show that lariocidins bind at a unique site in the small ribosomal subunit, where they interact with the 16S ribosomal RNA and aminoacyl-tRNA, inhibiting translocation and inducing miscoding. Lariocidin is unaffected by common resistance mechanisms, has a low propensity for generating spontaneous resistance, shows no toxicity to human cells, and has potent in vivo activity in a mouse model of Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Our identification of ribosome-targeting lasso peptides uncovers new routes towards the discovery of alternative protein-synthesis inhibitors and offers a novel chemical scaffold for the development of much-needed antibacterial drugs. A new lasso peptide antibiotic exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis, is unaffected by common resistance mechanisms and shows no toxicity towards human cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jangra, Manoj and Travin, Dmitrii Y. and Aleksandrova, Elena V. and Kaur, Manpreet and Darwish, Lena and Koteva, Kalinka and Klepacki, Dorota and Wang, Wenliang and Tiffany, Maya and Sokaribo, Akosiererem and Coombes, Brian K. and Vázquez-Laslop, Nora and Polikanov, Yury S. and Mankin, Alexander S. and Wright, Gerard D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08723-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1022-1030}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A broad-spectrum lasso peptide antibiotic targeting the bacterial ribosome}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pathogenesis of bovine H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in macaques. NATURE, 640(8060), 1017-1021. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since early 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the USA with spillover into several mammalian species1–6. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was first detected in dairy cows in Texas, USA, and continues to circulate on dairy farms in many states7,8. Milk production and quality are diminished in infected dairy cows, with high virus titres in milk raising concerns of exposure to mammals including humans through consumption9–12. Here we investigated routes of infection with bovine HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human infection13. We show that intranasal or intratracheal inoculation of macaques could cause systemic infection resulting in mild and severe respiratory disease, respectively. By contrast, infection by the orogastric route resulted in limited infection and seroconversion of macaques that remained subclinical. Routes of infection with bovine highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in cynomolgus macaques are investigated, and in contrast to orogastric inoculation, intranasal or intratracheal inoculation could cause systemic infection resulting in mild and severe respiratory disease, respectively.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rosenke, Kyle and Griffin, Amanda and Kaiser, Franziska and Altynova, Ekaterina and Mukesh, Reshma and Bushmaker, Trenton and Flagg, Meaghan and Tipih, Thomas and Goldin, Kerry and Wickenhagen, Arthur and Williamson, Brandi N. and Gallogly, Shane and Leventhal, Shanna S. and Lutterman, Tessa and Okumura, Atsushi and Lewis, Matthew C. and Kanakabandi, Kishore and Martens, Craig and Yinda, Kwe C. and Rao, Deepashri and Smith, Brian J. and Shaia, Carl and Saturday, Greg and Hanley, Patrick and van Doremalen, Neeltje and de Wit, Emmie and Munster, Vincent J. and Feldmann, Heinz}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08609-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1017-1021}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pathogenesis of bovine H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in macaques}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling. NATURE, 640(8060), 1011-1016. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The phytohormone auxin (Aux) is a principal endogenous developmental signal in plants. It mediates transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical signalling mechanism. TIR1/AFB auxin receptors are F-box subunits of an ubiquitin ligase complex; after auxin perception, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors and ubiquitinate them for degradation, thus enabling the activation of auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors1–3. Here we revise this paradigm by showing that without TIR1 adenylate cyclase (AC) activity4, auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs is not sufficient to mediate the transcriptional auxin response. Abolishing the TIR1 AC activity does not affect auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs but renders TIR1 non-functional in mediating transcriptional reprogramming and auxin-regulated development, including shoot, root, root hair growth and lateral root formation. Transgenic plants show that local cAMP production in the vicinity of the Aux/IAA–ARF complex by unrelated AC enzymes bypasses the need for auxin perception and is sufficient to induce ARF-mediated transcription. These discoveries revise the canonical model of auxin signalling and establish TIR1/AFB-produced cAMP as a second messenger essential for transcriptional reprograming. cAMP produced by the TIR1/AFB receptors of the main endogenous developmental plant hormone auxin acts as a true second messenger, revising the established paradigm of transcriptional auxin signalling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Huihuang and Qi, Linlin and Zou, Minxia and Lu, Mengting and Kwiatkowski, Mateusz and Pei, Yuanrong and Jaworski, Krzysztof and Friml, Jiří}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1011-1016}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A hypothalamic circuit underlying the dynamic control of social homeostasis. NATURE, 640(8060), 1000-1010. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Social grouping increases survival in many species, including humans1,2. By contrast, social isolation generates an aversive state (‘loneliness’) that motivates social seeking and heightens social interaction upon reunion3–5. The observed rebound in social interaction triggered by isolation suggests a homeostatic process underlying the control of social need, similar to physiological drives such as hunger, thirst or sleep3,6. In this study, we assessed social responses in several mouse strains, among which FVB/NJ mice emerged as highly, and C57BL/6J mice as moderately, sensitive to social isolation. Using both strains, we uncovered two previously uncharacterized neuronal populations in the hypothalamic preoptic nucleus that are activated during either social isolation or social rebound and orchestrate the behaviour display of social need and social satiety, respectively. We identified direct connectivity between these two populations and with brain areas associated with social behaviour, emotional state, reward and physiological needs and showed that mice require touch to assess the presence of others and fulfil their social need. These data show a brain-wide neural system underlying social homeostasis and provide significant mechanistic insights into the nature and function of circuits controlling instinctive social need and for the understanding of healthy and diseased brain states associated with social context. New data on brain-wide circuits centred around two interconnected hypothalamic neuron populations provide significant mechanistic insights into the emergence of social need during social isolation and the satiation of social need during social reunion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Ding and Rahman, Mostafizur and Johnson, Autumn and Amo, Ryunosuke and Tsutsui-Kimura, Iku and Sullivan, Zuri A. and Pena, Nicolai and Talay, Mustafa and Logeman, Brandon L. and Finkbeiner, Samantha and Qian, Lechen and Choi, Seungwon and Capo-Battaglia, Athena and Abdus-Saboor, Ishmail and Ginty, David D. and Uchida, Naoshige and Watabe-Uchida, Mitsuko and Dulac, Catherine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08617-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {1000-1010}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A hypothalamic circuit underlying the dynamic control of social homeostasis}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Comparative characterization of human accelerated regions in neurons. NATURE, 640(8060), 991-999. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human accelerated regions (HARs) are conserved genomic loci that have experienced rapid nucleotide substitutions following the divergence from chimpanzees1,2. HARs are enriched in candidate regulatory regions near neurodevelopmental genes, suggesting their roles in gene regulation3. However, their target genes and functional contributions to human brain development remain largely uncharacterized. Here we elucidate the cis-regulatory functions of HARs in human and chimpanzee induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-induced excitatory neurons. Using genomic4 and chromatin looping information, we prioritized 20 HARs and their chimpanzee orthologues for functional characterization via single-cell CRISPR interference, and demonstrated their species-specific gene regulatory functions. Our findings reveal diverse functional outcomes of HAR-mediated cis-regulation in human neurons, including attenuated NPAS3 expression by altering the binding affinities of multiple transcription factors in HAR202 and maintaining iPS cell pluripotency and neuronal differentiation capacities through the upregulation of PUM2 by 2xHAR.319. Finally, we used prime editing to demonstrate differential enhancer activity caused by several HAR26;2xHAR.178 variants. In particular, we link one variant in HAR26;2xHAR.178 to elevated SOCS2 expression and increased neurite outgrowth in human neurons. Thus, our study sheds new light on the endogenous gene regulatory functions of HARs and their potential contribution to human brain evolution. The cis-regulatory functions of human accelerated regions of genomic loci and their potential contribution to human brain evolution are revealed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cui, Xiekui and Yang, Han and Cai, Charles and Beaman, Cooper and Yang, Xiaoyu and Liu, Hongjiang and Ren, Xingjie and Amador, Zachary and Jones, Ian R. and Keough, Kathleen C. and Zhang, Meng and Fair, Tyler and Abnousi, Armen and Mishra, Shreya and Ye, Zhen and Hu, Ming and Pollen, Alex A. and Pollard, Katherine S. and Shen, Yin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08622-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {991-999}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Comparative characterization of human accelerated regions in neurons}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Timing and trajectory of BCR::ABL1-driven chronic myeloid leukaemia. NATURE, 640(8060), 982-990. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mutation of some genes drives uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer. The Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) provided the very first such genetic link to cancer1,2. However, little is known about the trajectory to CML, the rate of BCR::ABL1 clonal expansion and how this affects disease. Using whole-genome sequencing of 1,013 haematopoietic colonies from nine patients with CML aged 22 to 81 years, we reconstruct phylogenetic trees of haematopoiesis. Intronic breaks in BCR and ABL1 were not always observed, and out-of-frame exonic breakpoints in BCR, requiring exon skipping to derive BCR::ABL1, were also noted. Apart from ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations, extra myeloid gene mutations were mostly present in wild-type cells. We inferred explosive growth attributed to BCR::ABL1 commencing 3–14 years (confidence interval 2–16 years) before diagnosis, with annual growth rates exceeding 70,000% per year. Mutation accumulation was higher in BCR::ABL1 cells with shorter telomere lengths, reflecting their excessive cell divisions. Clonal expansion rates inversely correlated with the time to diagnosis. BCR::ABL1 in the general population mirrored CML incidence, and advanced and/or blast phase CML was characterized by subsequent genomic evolution. These data highlight the oncogenic potency of BCR::ABL1 fusion and contrast with the slow and sequential clonal trajectories of most cancers. Explosive growth is attributed to the BCR::ABL1 gene 3–14 years before diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia, highlighting the oncogenic potency of gene fusion and the slow and sequential trajectories of most other cancers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kamizela, Aleksandra E. and Leongamornlert, Daniel and Williams, Nicholas and Wang, Xin and Nyamondo, Kudzai and Dawson, Kevin and Spencer Chapman, Michael and Guo, Jing and Lee, Joe and Mane, Karim and Milne, Kate and Green, Anthony R. and Chevassut, Timothy and Campbell, Peter J. and Ellinor, Patrick T. and Huntly, Brian J. P. and Baxter, E. Joanna and Nangalia, Jyoti}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08817-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {982-990}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Timing and trajectory of BCR::ABL1-driven chronic myeloid leukaemia}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A robustly rooted tree of eukaryotes reveals their excavate ancestry. NATURE, 640(8060), 974-981. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) depicts the relationships among all eukaryotic organisms; its root represents the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) from which all extant complex lifeforms are descended1. Locating this root is crucial for reconstructing the features of LECA, both as the endpoint of eukaryogenesis and the start point for the evolution of the myriad complex traits underpinning the diversification of living eukaryotes. However, the position of the root remains contentious due to pervasive phylogenetic artefacts stemming from inadequate evolutionary models, poor taxon sampling and limited phylogenetic signal1. Here we estimate the root of the eToL with unprecedented resolution on the basis of a new, much larger, dataset of mitochondrial proteins that includes all known eukaryotic supergroups. Our analyses of a 100 taxon × 93 protein dataset with state-of-the-art phylogenetic models and an extensive evaluation of alternative hypotheses show that the eukaryotic root lies between two multi-supergroup assemblages: ‘Opimoda+’ and ‘Diphoda+’. This position is consistently supported across different models and robustness analyses. Notably, groups containing ‘typical excavates’ are placed on both sides of the root, suggesting the complex features of the ‘excavate’ cell architecture trace back to LECA. This study sheds light on the ancestral cells from which extant eukaryotes arose and provides a crucial framework for investigating the origin and evolution of canonical eukaryotic features. The root of the eukaryote Tree of Life is estimated from a new, larger dataset of mitochondrial proteins including all known eukaryotic supergroups, showing it lies between two multi-supergroup assemblages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Williamson, Kelsey and Eme, Laura and Baños, Hector and McCarthy, Charley G. P. and Susko, Edward and Kamikawa, Ryoma and Orr, Russell J. S. and Muñoz-Gómez, Sergio A. and Minh, Bui Quang and Simpson, Alastair G. B. and Roger, Andrew J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08709-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {974-981}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A robustly rooted tree of eukaryotes reveals their excavate ancestry}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and coexistence in forests. NATURE, 640(8060), 967-973. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The search for simple principles that underlie the spatial structure and dynamics of plant communities is a long-standing challenge in ecology1–6. In particular, the relationship between species coexistence and the spatial distribution of plants is challenging to resolve in species-rich communities7–9. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of 720 tree species in 21 large forest plots and their consequences for species coexistence. We show that species with low abundance tend to be more spatially aggregated than more abundant species. Moreover, there is a latitudinal gradient in the strength of this negative aggregation–abundance relationship that increases from tropical to temperate forests. We suggest, in line with recent work10, that latitudinal gradients in animal seed dispersal11 and mycorrhizal associations12–14 may jointly generate this pattern. By integrating the observed spatial patterns into population models8, we derive the conditions under which species can invade from low abundance in terms of spatial patterns, demography, niche overlap and immigration. Evaluation of the spatial-invasion condition for the 720 tree species analysed suggests that temperate and tropical forests both meet the invasion criterion to a similar extent but through contrasting strategies conditioned by their spatial patterns. Our approach opens up new avenues for the integration of observed spatial patterns into ecological theory and underscores the need to understand the interaction among spatial patterns at the neighbourhood scale and multiple ecological processes in greater detail. A unified framework is presented that integrates observed spatial patterns of individual trees in forests with ecological processes into a novel coexistence theory.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wiegand, Thorsten and Wang, Xugao and Fischer, Samuel M. and Kraft, Nathan J. B. and Bourg, Norman A. and Brockelman, Warren Y. and Cao, Guanghong and Cao, Min and Chanthorn, Wirong and Chu, Chengjin and Davies, Stuart and Ediriweera, Sisira and Gunatilleke, C. V. Savitri and Gunatilleke, I. A. U. Nimal and Hao, Zhanqing and Howe, Robert and Jiang, Mingxi and Jin, Guangze and Kress, W. John and Li, Buhang and Lian, Juyu and Lin, Luxiang and Liu, Feng and Ma, Keping and McShea, William and Mi, Xiangcheng and Myers, Jonathan A. and Nathalang, Anuttara and Orwig, David A. and Shen, Guochun and Su, Sheng-Hsin and Sun, I-Fang and Wang, Xihua and Wolf, Amy and Yan, Enrong and Ye, Wanhui and Zhu, Yan and Huth, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08604-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {967-973}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and coexistence in forests}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A sharp volatile-rich cap to the yellowstone magmatic system. NATURE, 640(8060), 962-966. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The stability of hazardous volcanic systems is strongly influenced by the uppermost magma storage depth and volatile exsolution1–3. Despite abundant evidence for an upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone caldera4–7, its depth and the properties at its top have not been well constrained. New controlled-source seismic imaging illuminates a sharp reflective cap of the magma reservoir approximately 3.8 km beneath the northeastern caldera. Magma ascent to such low pressure is expected to drive volatile exsolution and potentially localized accumulation of bubbles near the top of the reservoir8,9, but this process typically remains hidden in contemporary volcanic systems. P-wave and P-to-S-wave reflections from the sharp top of the Yellowstone magma reservoir indicate that a mixture of supercritical fluid and magma fills the pore space at the cap of the approximately 3–8-km-deep low-shear-velocity layer imaged by seismic tomography6,7. The results are consistent with partial retention of bubbles exsolved from an upper crustal reservoir with ongoing magma supply from a volatile-enriched mantle source. Bubble accumulation can eventually lead to reservoir instability2,8, but the bubble volume fraction seismically estimated at the top of the reservoir today is lower than typical estimates of pre-eruptive conditions for rhyolites1,10,11, and measurements of the hydrothermal system document high fluxes of magmatic volatiles escaping to the surface12–15. We infer that the magma reservoir is in a stable state of efficient bubble ascent into the hydrothermal system on the basis of estimates that it is a crystal-rich (less than 30% porosity) reservoir for which dynamic modelling favours channelized bubble escape that prevents instability8. Seismic reflection imaging beneath the northeastern Yellowstone caldera reveals a sharp boundary at about 3.8 km depth, which is inferred to result from a mixture of supercritical fluid and magma filling the pore space.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Duan, Chenglong and Song, Wenkai and Schmandt, Brandon and Farrell, Jamie and Lumley, David and Fischer, Tobias and Worthington, Lindsay Lowe and Lin, Fan-Chi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08775-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {962-966}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A sharp volatile-rich cap to the yellowstone magmatic system}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Recurrent humid phases in arabia over the past 8 million years. NATURE, 640(8060), 954-961. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Saharo-Arabian Desert is one of the largest biogeographical barriers on Earth, impeding dispersals between Africa and Eurasia, including movements of past hominins. Recent research suggests that this barrier has been in place since at least 11 million years ago1. In contrast, fossil evidence from the late Miocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch suggests the episodic presence within the Saharo-Arabian Desert interior of water-dependent fauna (for example, crocodiles, equids, hippopotamids and proboscideans)2–6, sustained by rivers and lakes7,8 that are largely absent from today’s arid landscape. Although numerous humid phases occurred in southern Arabia during the past 1.1 million years9, little is known about Arabia’s palaeoclimate before this time. Here, based on a climatic record from desert speleothems, we show recurrent humid intervals in the central Arabian interior over the past 8 million years. Precipitation during humid intervals decreased and became more variable over time, as the monsoon’s influence weakened, coinciding with enhanced Northern Hemisphere polar ice cover during the Pleistocene. Wetter conditions likely facilitated mammalian dispersals between Africa and Eurasia, with Arabia acting as a key crossroads for continental-scale biogeographic exchanges. A climatic record from desert speleothems shows that the central Arabian interior experienced recurrent humid intervals over the past 8 million years, which likely facilitated mammalian dispersals between Africa and Eurasia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Markowska, Monika and Vonhof, Hubert B. and Groucutt, Huw S. and Breeze, Paul S. and Drake, Nick and Stewart, Mathew and Albert, Richard and Andrieux, Eric and Blinkhorn, James and Boivin, Nicole and Budsky, Alexander and Clark-Wilson, Richard and Fleitmann, Dominik and Gerdes, Axel and Martin, Ashley N. and Martínez-García, Alfredo and Nicholson, Samuel L. and Price, Gilbert J. and Scerri, Eleanor M. L. and Scholz, Denis and Vanwezer, Nils and Weber, Michael and Alsharekh, Abdullah M. and Al Omari, Abdul Aziz and Al-Mufarreh, Yahya S. A. and Al-Jibreen, Faisal and Alqahtani, Mesfer and Al-Shanti, Mahmoud and Zalmout, Iyad and Petraglia, Michael D. and Haug, Gerald H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08859-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {954-961}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Recurrent humid phases in arabia over the past 8 million years}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transforming ceria into 2D clusters enhances catalytic activity. NATURE, 640(8060), 947-953. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ceria nanoparticles supported on alumina are widely used in various catalytic reactions, particularly in conjunction with platinum group metals (PGMs)1–9. Here we found that treating these catalysts at temperatures between 750 and about 1,000 °C in the presence of CO and NO in steam (reactive treatment under reducing atmosphere) leads to the dispersion of ceria nanoparticles into high-density 2D (roughly one atomic layer thin) CexOy domains, as confirmed by microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These domains, which densely cover the alumina, exhibit substantially enhanced oxygen mobility and storage capacity, facilitating easier extraction of oxygen and the formation of Ce3+ sites and oxygen vacancies. As a result, these catalysts—whether with or without PGMs, such as Rh and Pt—show improved activity for several industrially important catalytic reactions, including NO and N2O reduction, as well as CO and NO oxidation, even after exposure to harsh ageing conditions. This study shows a catalyst architecture with superior redox properties under conditions that typically cause sintering, offering a pathway to more efficient metal–ceria catalysts for enhanced general catalysis. Treatment of supported ceria nanoparticles at high temperature in gasoline vehicle exhaust/steam results in their dispersion into atomically thin oxide domains with enhanced oxygen mobility and storage capacity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khivantsev, Konstantin and Pham, Hien and Engelhard, Mark H. and Aleksandrov, Hristiyan A. and Kovarik, Libor and Bowden, Mark and Li, Xiaohong Shari and Tian, Jinshu and Koleva, Iskra Z. and Song, Inhak and Hu, Wenda and Wei, Xinyi and Sun, Yipeng and Tran, Pascaline and Graham, Trent R. and Jiang, Dong and Dean, David P. and Breckner, Christian J. and Miller, Jeffrey T. and Vayssilov, Georgi N. and Szanyi, János and Datye, Abhaya and Wang, Yong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08684-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {947-953}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transforming ceria into 2D clusters enhances catalytic activity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Negative thermal expansion and oxygen-redox electrochemistry. NATURE, 640(8060), 941-946. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Structural disorder within materials gives rise to fascinating phenomena, attributed to the intricate interplay of their thermodynamic and electrochemical properties1,2. Oxygen-redox (OR) electrochemistry offers a breakthrough in capacity limits, while inducing structural disorder with reduced electrochemical reversibility3–5. The conventional explanation for the thermal expansion of solids relies on the Grüneisen relationship, linking the expansion coefficient to the anharmonicity of the crystal lattice6. However, this paradigm may not be applicable to OR materials due to the unexplored dynamic disorder–order transition in such systems7,8. Here we reveal the presence of negative thermal expansion with a large coefficient value of −14.4(2) × 10−6 °C−1 in OR active materials, attributing this to thermally driven disorder–order transitions. The modulation of OR behaviour not only enables precise control over the thermal expansion coefficient of materials, but also establishes a pragmatic framework for the design of functional materials with zero thermal expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reinstatement of structural disorder within the material can also be accomplished through the electrochemical driving force. By adjusting the cut-off voltages, evaluation of the discharge voltage change indicates a potential for nearly 100% structure recovery. This finding offers a pathway for restoring OR active materials to their pristine state through operando electrochemical processes, presenting a new mitigation strategy to address the persistent challenge of voltage decay. Using operando electrochemical processes, we found a way to restore oxygen-redox active materials exhibiting structural and voltage decay to their pristine state, providing a framework for the design of functional materials with zero thermal expansion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiu, Bao and Zhou, Yuhuan and Liang, Haoyan and Zhang, Minghao and Gu, Kexin and Zeng, Tao and Zhou, Zhou and Wen, Wen and Miao, Ping and He, Lunhua and Xiao, Yinguo and Burke, Sven and Liu, Zhaoping and Meng, Ying Shirley}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08765-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {941-946}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Negative thermal expansion and oxygen-redox electrochemistry}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Modular chiral origami metamaterials. NATURE, 640(8060), 931-940. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metamaterials with multimodal deformation mechanisms resemble machines1,2, especially when endowed with autonomous functionality. A representative architected assembly, with tunable chirality, converts linear motion into rotation3. These chiral metamaterials with a machine-like dual modality have potential use in areas such as wave manipulation4, optical activity related to circular polarization5 and chiral active fluids6. However, the dual motions are essentially coupled and cannot be independently controlled. Moreover, they are restricted to small deformation, that is, strain ≤2%, which limits their applications. Here we establish modular chiral metamaterials, consisting of auxetic planar tessellations and origami-inspired columnar arrays, with decoupled actuation. Under single-degree-of-freedom actuation, the assembly twists between 0° and 90°, contracts in-plane up to 25% and shrinks out-of-plane more than 50%. Using experiments and simulations, we show that the deformation of the assembly involves in-plane twist and contraction dominated by the rotating-square tessellations and out-of-plane shrinkage dominated by the tubular Kresling origami arrays. Moreover, we demonstrate two distinct actuation conditions: twist with free translation and linear displacement with free rotation. Our metamaterial is built on a highly modular assembly, which enables reprogrammable instability, local chirality control, tunable loading capacity and scalability. Our concept provides routes towards multimodal, multistable and reprogrammable machines, with applications in robotic transformers, thermoregulation, mechanical memories in hysteresis loops, non-commutative state transition and plug-and-play functional assemblies for energy absorption and information encryption. A versatile origami-inspired modular chiral mechanical metamaterial structure facilitates dual-mode actuation, converting compression into rotational motion and torsion into extension or compression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Tuo and Dang, Xiangxin and Manos, Konstantinos and Zang, Shixi and Mandal, Jyotirmoy and Chen, Minjie and Paulino, Glaucio H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08851-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {931-940}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Modular chiral origami metamaterials}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Giant electrocaloric effect in high-polar-entropy perovskite oxides. NATURE, 640(8060), 924-930. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Materials with a high electrocaloric effect (ECE)1,2 tend to favour a disordered yet easily tunable polar structure. Perovskite ferroelectrics3 stand out as ideal candidates owing to their high dielectric responses and reasonable thermal conductivity. The introduction of multielement atomic distortions induces a high-polar-entropy state4 that notably increases the ECE by effectively overcoming the constraints imposed by highly ordered, polar-correlated perovskite structures. Here we developed a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric with strong polar disorder through targeted multielement substitution at both the A and B sites of the perovskite, effectively distorting the lattice structure and inducing a variety of nanoscale polar configurations, polymorphic polar variants and non-polar regions. A combination of these multielement-induced features led to an increased density of interfaces, significantly enhancing the polar entropy. Remarkably, a high ECE for an entropy change of about 15 J kg−1 K−1 under a 10 MV m−1 field is observed for the material across a broad temperature range exceeding 60 °C. The formation of ultrafine, dispersed, multiphase lattice configurations leads to high-polar-entropy ferroelectric oxides with a high ECE and a long lifetime of over 1 million cycles that are suitable for manufacturing multilayer ceramic capacitors for practical electrocaloric refrigeration applications. Targeted multielement substitution of a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric perovskite distorts the lattice structure and induces strong polar disorder, leading to high-polar-entropy ferroelectric oxides with a high electrocaloric effect and long lifetime.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Du, Feihong and Yang, Tiannan and Hao, Hua and Li, Shangshu and Xu, Chenhang and Yao, Tian and Song, Zhiwu and Shen, Jiahe and Bai, Chenyun and Luo, Ruhong and Han, Donglin and Li, Qiang and Zheng, Shanyu and Zhang, Yingjing and Lin, Yezhan and Ma, Zhenhua and Chen, Haotian and Guo, Chenyu and Feng, Jiawang and Zhong, Shengyi and Mai, Ruilin and Hou, Guodong and Qiu, Haixin and Xie, Meng and Chen, Xin and Yuan, Yakun and Qian, Dong and Xiang, Dao and Chen, Xuefeng and Fu, Zhengqian and Wang, Genshui and Liu, Hanxing and Chen, Jiangping and Meng, Guang and Zhu, Xiangyang and Chen, Long-Qing and Zhang, Shujun and Qian, Xiaoshi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08768-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {924-930}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Giant electrocaloric effect in high-polar-entropy perovskite oxides}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultra-broadband optical amplification using nonlinear integrated waveguides. NATURE, 640(8060), 918-923. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Four-wave mixing is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that can be used for wideband low-noise optical amplification and wavelength conversion. It has been extensively investigated for applications in communications1, computing2, metrology3, imaging4 and quantum optics5. With its advantages of small footprint, large nonlinearity and dispersion-engineering capability, optical integrated waveguides are excellent candidates for realizing high-gain and large-bandwidth four-wave mixing for which anomalous dispersion is a key condition. Various waveguides based on, for example, silicon, aluminium gallium arsenide and nonlinear glass have been studied6–10, but suffer from considerable gain and bandwidth reductions, as conventional design approaches for anomalous dispersion result in multi-mode operation. We present a methodology for fabricating nonlinear waveguides with simultaneous single-mode operation and anomalous dispersion for ultra-broadband operation and high-efficiency four-wave mixing. Although we implemented this in silicon nitride waveguides, the design approach can be used with other platforms as well. By using higher-order dispersion, we achieved unprecedented amplification bandwidths of more than 300 nm in these ultra-low-loss integrated waveguides. Penalty-free all-optical wavelength conversion of 100 Gbit s−1 data in a single optical channel of over 200 nm was realized. These single-mode dispersion-engineered nonlinear waveguides could become practical building blocks in various nonlinear photonics applications. An integrated optical parametric amplifier with an ultra-wide bandwidth was implemented using geometrically optimized low-loss nonlinear rib silicon nitride waveguides including the demonstration of broadband all-optical wavelength conversion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Ping and Shekhawat, Vijay and Girardi, Marcello and He, Zonglong and Torres-Company, Victor and Andrekson, Peter A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08824-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {918-923}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultra-broadband optical amplification using nonlinear integrated waveguides}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-distance coherent quantum communications in deployed telecom networks. NATURE, 640(8060), 911-917. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent advances in quantum communications have underscored the crucial role of optical coherence in developing quantum networks. This resource, which is fundamental to the phase-based architecture of the quantum internet1, has enabled the only successful demonstrations of multi-node quantum networks2–4 and substantially extended the range of quantum key distribution (QKD)5. However, the scalability of coherence-based quantum protocols remains uncertain owing to the specialized hardware required, such as ultra-stable optical cavities and cryogenic photon detectors. Here we implement the coherence-based twin-field QKD protocol over a 254-kilometre commercial telecom network spanning between Frankfurt and Kehl, Germany, achieving encryption key distribution at 110 bits per second. Our results are enabled by a scalable approach to optical coherence distribution, supported by a practical system architecture and non-cryogenic single-photon detection aided by off-band phase stabilization. Our results demonstrate repeater-like quantum communication in an operational network setting, doubling the distance for practical real-world QKD implementations without cryogenic cooling. In addition, to our knowledge, we realized one of the largest QKD networks featuring measurement-device-independent properties6. Our research aligns the requirements of coherence-based quantum communication with the capabilities of existing telecommunication infrastructure, which is likely to be useful to the future of high-performance quantum networks, including the implementation of advanced quantum communication protocols, quantum repeaters, quantum sensing networks and distributed quantum computing7. A twin-field quantum key distribution protocol based on optical coherence is deployed over a 254-kilometre commercial telecom network, demonstrating that coherence-based quantum communication can be aligned with existing telecommunication infrastructure.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pittaluga, Mirko and Lo, Yuen San and Brzosko, Adam and Woodward, Robert I. and Scalcon, Davide and Winnel, Matthew S. and Roger, Thomas and Dynes, James F. and Owen, Kim A. and Juárez, Sergio and Rydlichowski, Piotr and Vicinanza, Domenico and Roberts, Guy and Shields, Andrew J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08801-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {911-917}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-distance coherent quantum communications in deployed telecom networks}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Active energy compression of a laser-plasma electron beam. NATURE, 640(8060), 907-910. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Radio-frequency (RF) accelerators providing high-quality relativistic electron beams are an important resource enabling many areas of science, as well as industrial and medical applications. Two decades ago, laser-plasma accelerators1 that support orders of magnitude higher electric fields than those provided by modern RF cavities produced quasi-monoenergetic electron beams for the first time2–4. Since then, high-brightness electron beams at gigaelectronvolt (GeV) beam energy and competitive beam properties have been demonstrated from only centimetre-long plasmas5–9, a substantial advantage over the hundreds of metres required by RF-cavity-based accelerators. However, despite the considerable progress, the comparably large energy spread and the fluctuation (jitter) in beam energy still effectively prevent laser-plasma accelerators from driving real-world applications. Here we report the generation of a laser-plasma electron beam using active energy compression, resulting in a performance so far only associated with modern RF-based accelerators. Using a magnetic chicane, the electron bunch is first stretched longitudinally to imprint an energy correlation, which is then removed with an active RF cavity. The resulting energy spread and energy jitter are reduced by more than an order of magnitude to below the permille level, meeting the acceptance criteria of a modern synchrotron, thereby opening the path to a compact storage ring injector and other applications. A laser-plasma electron beam generated using active energy compression demonstrates reduction in energy spread and jitter by an order of magnitude to below the permille level, comparable with modern radio-frequency accelerators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Winkler, P. and Trunk, M. and Hübner, L. and Martinez de la Ossa, A. and Jalas, S. and Kirchen, M. and Agapov, I. and Antipov, S. A. and Brinkmann, R. and Eichner, T. and Ferran Pousa, A. and Hülsenbusch, T. and Palmer, G. and Schnepp, M. and Schubert, K. and Thévenet, M. and Walker, P. A. and Werle, C. and Leemans, W. P. and Maier, A. R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08772-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {907-910}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Active energy compression of a laser-plasma electron beam}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evidence of star cluster migration and merger in dwarf galaxies. NATURE, 640(8060), 902-906. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are the densest stellar systems in the Universe. These clusters can be found at the centre of all galaxy types but tend to favour galaxies of intermediate stellar mass around 109M⊙ (refs. 1,2). At present, two main processes are under debate to explain their formation: in situ star formation from gas infall3 and migration and merging of globular clusters (GCs) caused by dynamical friction4. Studies5–9 of NSC stellar populations suggest that the former predominates in massive galaxies, whereas the latter prevails in dwarf galaxies, and both contribute equally at intermediate mass. However, until now, no ongoing merger of GCs has been observed to confirm this scenario. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of five dwarf galaxies with complex nuclear regions, characterized by multiple nuclei and tidal tails, using high-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope. These structures have been reproduced in complementary N-body simulations, supporting the interpretation that they result from migrating and merging of star clusters. The small detection rate and short simulated timescales (below 100 Myr) of this process may explain why this has not been observed previously. This study highlights the need for large surveys with high resolution to fully map the migration scenario steps. High-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope show evidence of star cluster migration and merger in dwarf galaxies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Poulain, Mélina and Smith, Rory and Duc, Pierre-Alain and Marleau, Francine R. and Habas, Rebecca and Durrell, Patrick R. and Fensch, Jérémy and Lim, Sungsoon and Müller, Oliver and Paudel, Sanjaya and Sánchez-Janssen, Rubén}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08783-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {902-906}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evidence of star cluster migration and merger in dwarf galaxies}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability. NATURE, 640(8060), 893-901. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Will it ever be possible to sue anyone for damaging the climate? Twenty years after this question was first posed, we argue that the scientific case for climate liability is closed. Here we detail the scientific and legal implications of an ‘end-to-end’ attribution that links fossil fuel producers to specific damages from warming. Using scope 1 and 3 emissions data from major fossil fuel companies, peer-reviewed attribution methods and advances in empirical climate economics, we illustrate the trillions in economic losses attributable to the extreme heat caused by emissions from individual companies. Emissions linked to Chevron, the highest-emitting investor-owned company in our data, for example, very likely caused between US $791 billion and $3.6 trillion in heat-related losses over the period 1991–2020, disproportionately harming the tropical regions least culpable for warming. More broadly, we outline a transparent, reproducible and flexible framework that formalizes how end-to-end attribution could inform litigation by assessing whose emissions are responsible and for which harms. Drawing quantitative linkages between individual emitters and particularized harms is now feasible, making science no longer an obstacle to the justiciability of climate liability claims. A transparent and reproducible scientific framework is introduced to formalize how trillions in economic losses are attributable to the extreme heat caused by emissions from fossil fuel companies, which could inform climate liability claims.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callahan, Christopher W. and Mankin, Justin S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08751-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {893-901}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A wetter ancient arabia could have enabled easier intercontinental species dispersal. NATURE, 640(8060), 890-891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recurrent humid phases in Arabia over the past seven million years could have influenced how species, including human ancestors, moved between continents. Recurrent humid phases in Arabia over the past seven million years could have influenced how species, including human ancestors, moved between continents.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bibi, Faysal}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00905-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {890-891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A wetter ancient arabia could have enabled easier intercontinental species dispersal}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pinpointing neurons that hinder cancer treatment. NATURE, 640(8060), 889-890. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pancreatic tumours hijack neuronal signalling mechanisms to boost cancer growth. A technology to identify and profile mouse neurons that connect the spinal cord to pancreatic cancer might improve treatment of this disease. Method to identify neurons associated with pancreatic cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Demir, Ihsan Ekin and Demir, Elke}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00501-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {889-890}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pinpointing neurons that hinder cancer treatment}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lasso-shaped molecule is a new type of broad-spectrum antibiotic. NATURE, 640(8060), 887-889. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A natural antibacterial molecule shows clinical promise. Its unusual binding site is on an excellent target: protein-synthesis machinery known as the ribosome. A natural antibacterial molecule shows clinical promise. Its unusual binding site is on an excellent target: protein-synthesis machinery known as the ribosome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Silver, Lynn L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00901-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {887-889}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lasso-shaped molecule is a new type of broad-spectrum antibiotic}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Top of the crops: Rice scientists seek to meet global food demands. NATURE, 640(8060), 887. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Work from the International Rice Research Institute to develop high-yield rice that survives deep waters, and a holistic view of physiology, in this week’s dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00917-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {887}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Top of the crops: Rice scientists seek to meet global food demands}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Liver cancer recurrence predicted by immune-cell location and gene expression. NATURE, 640(8060), 885-887. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune cells called natural killer cells can target and eliminate tumours. The gene expression and spatial distribution of the immune cells in the tumour microenvironment indicates whether liver cancer will recur after surgery. Immune cells called natural killer cells can target and eliminate tumours. The gene expression and spatial distribution of the immune cells in the tumour microenvironment indicates whether liver cancer will recur after surgery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schürch, Christian M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00734-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {885-887}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Liver cancer recurrence predicted by immune-cell location and gene expression}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Shapeshifting origami material shrinks when twisted. NATURE, 640(8060), 884-885. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An origami-inspired ‘metamaterial’ has been engineered to have properties not found in natural materials — enabling it to undergo large, reversible deformations. An origami-inspired ‘metamaterial’ has been engineered to have properties not found in natural materials — enabling it to undergo large, reversible deformations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Klocke, Philip and Howell, Larry L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01131-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {884-885}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Shapeshifting origami material shrinks when twisted}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lung signals drive cancer-associated blood clots. NATURE, 640(8060), 883-884. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fatal blood clots can arise in people who have cancer. The discovery of a cue that underlies these clots offers a therapeutic target and a way to assess clot risk. Fatal blood clots can arise in people who have cancer. The discovery of a cue that underlies these clots offers a therapeutic target and a way to assess clot risk.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Correia, Ana Luísa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01130-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {883-884}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lung signals drive cancer-associated blood clots}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Defend scientific integrity and academic freedom. NATURE, 640(8060), 881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kogevinas, Manolis and Pollarolo, Giulia and Barouki, Robert}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01224-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Defend scientific integrity and academic freedom}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The global assault on universities is an attack on democracy. NATURE, 640(8060), 881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Regilme, Salvador Santino}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01260-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The global assault on universities is an attack on democracy}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Europe must become a research epicentre as US system gets undermined. NATURE, 640(8060), 881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rubartelli, Anna and Poli, Valeria and Mattaj, Iain and Sitia, Roberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01261-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Europe must become a research epicentre as US system gets undermined}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trade tariffs could worsen deforestation in south america. NATURE, 640(8060), 881. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Antonelli, Alexandre and Chater, Caspar and Strassburg, Bernardo and Balmford, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01262-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {881}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trade tariffs could worsen deforestation in south america}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Richard fortey obituary: Palaeontologist, author and TV presenter who traced continents through fossils. NATURE, 640(8060), 880. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The fossil expert found love at first sight with trilobites. The fossil expert found love at first sight with trilobites.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Briggs, Derek E. G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01231-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {880}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Richard fortey obituary: Palaeontologist, author and TV presenter who traced continents through fossils}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Neck deep in overdiagnosis: Books in brief. NATURE, 640(8060), 879. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01073-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {879}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Neck deep in overdiagnosis: Books in brief}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How india rewrote the rules of space travel when it launched its first satellite. NATURE, 640(8060), 877-879. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fifty years ago, a spacecraft designed and built by young Indian scientists redefined what a low-income country could achieve. Fifty years ago, a spacecraft designed and built by young Indian scientists redefined what a low-income country could achieve.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sharma, Pranav}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01235-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {877-879}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How india rewrote the rules of space travel when it launched its first satellite}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why politicians manipulate statistics — And what to do about it. NATURE, 640(8060), 875-877. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the playbook that those in power use to twist numbers, and how they make others complicit, is only becoming more important in the post-truth world. Understanding the playbook that those in power use to twist numbers, and how they make others complicit, is only becoming more important in the post-truth world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forsberg, Ole J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01234-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {875-877}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why politicians manipulate statistics — And what to do about it}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Three ways to cool earth by pulling carbon from the sky. NATURE, 640(8060), 872-874. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With the world set to blow past its temperature targets, efforts are growing to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. With the world set to blow past its temperature targets, efforts are growing to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01233-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {872-874}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Three ways to cool earth by pulling carbon from the sky}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pig livers for people: US regulator greenlights first safety trial. NATURE, 640(8060), 870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Four people with liver failure will be connected to an external organ from genetically modified pigs. Four people with liver failure will be connected to an external organ from genetically modified pigs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fieldhouse, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01209-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pig livers for people: US regulator greenlights first safety trial}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Mind blowing’: Quantum computer untangles the mathematics of knots. NATURE, 640(8060), 869-870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Algorithms for studying knots and other topological objects could have a quantum advantage. Algorithms for studying knots and other topological objects could have a quantum advantage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01094-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {869-870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Mind blowing’: Quantum computer untangles the mathematics of knots}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Five key climate and space projects on trump’s chopping block. NATURE, 640(8060), 865-867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Leaked budget documents indicate which research programmes are at risk of losing their funding in 2026. Leaked budget documents indicate which research programmes are at risk of losing their funding in 2026.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra and Garisto, Dan and Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01217-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {865-867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Five key climate and space projects on trump’s chopping block}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How trump 2.0 is slashing NIH-backed research — In charts. NATURE, 640(8060), 863-865. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature analyses which fields of science and US states are being hit hardest by grant terminations. Nature analyses which fields of science and US states are being hit hardest by grant terminations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max and Ryan, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01099-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {863-865}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How trump 2.0 is slashing NIH-backed research — In charts}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Roses are red — But their ancestors were yellow. NATURE, 640(8060), 861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A genomic analysis of 84 species in the genus Rosa traces the evolutionary history of the beloved flower. A genomic analysis of 84 species in the genus Rosa traces the evolutionary history of the beloved flower.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01107-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Roses are red — But their ancestors were yellow}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mystery of medieval manuscripts revealed by ancient DNA. NATURE, 640(8060), 861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biomolecular analysis shows that unusual book coverings are made of sealskin, hinting at far-flung trade networks. Biomolecular analysis shows that unusual book coverings are made of sealskin, hinting at far-flung trade networks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01108-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mystery of medieval manuscripts revealed by ancient DNA}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Liquids in a glass recover a graceful shape even after being shaken. NATURE, 640(8060), 861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oil and water contained in a cylinder with magnetic nickel particles form the shape of a Grecian urn. Oil and water contained in a cylinder with magnetic nickel particles form the shape of a Grecian urn.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01109-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Liquids in a glass recover a graceful shape even after being shaken}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Print, melt, repeat: 3D-printing formula yields sturdy objects time after time. NATURE, 640(8060), 861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Complex shapes made of a specially formulated resin are easily recycled into other, equally durable objects. Complex shapes made of a specially formulated resin are easily recycled into other, equally durable objects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01110-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Print, melt, repeat: 3D-printing formula yields sturdy objects time after time}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Arctic researchers need to find ways to keep working together. NATURE, 640(8060), 859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Geopolitical events must not stall crucial research in the fastest-warming place on Earth. Geopolitical events must not stall crucial research in the fastest-warming place on Earth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Christensen, Torben R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01239-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Arctic researchers need to find ways to keep working together}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Kidney disease is a worldwide killer. treat it that way. NATURE, 640(8060), 858. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The international community has a golden opportunity to start reining in the escalating, mostly ignored global burden of chronic kidney disease. The international community has a golden opportunity to start reining in the escalating, mostly ignored global burden of chronic kidney disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01237-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {858}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Kidney disease is a worldwide killer. treat it that way}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientific naming conventions should keep in step with contemporary science. NATURE, 640(8060), 857. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A three-part Nature Podcast series explores the importance of scientific naming conventions — and talks to researchers looking at how to make them more inclusive. A three-part Nature Podcast series explores the importance of scientific naming conventions — and talks to researchers looking at how to make them more inclusive.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01238-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8060}, pages = {857}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientific naming conventions should keep in step with contemporary science}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Showing ‘ability’ in ‘disability’ — How i mastered interviews while using a wheelchair. NATURE, 640(8060), 1114-1115. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Learning how to influence the way people see me when I enter a room has been key to boosting my confidence in job interviews. Learning how to influence the way people see me when I enter a room has been key to boosting my confidence in job interviews.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Krok, Emilia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00559-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8060}, pages = {1114-1115}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Showing ‘ability’ in ‘disability’ — How i mastered interviews while using a wheelchair}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Controlled patterning of crystalline domains by frontal polymerization. NATURE, 640(8059), E31. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Paul, Justine E. and Gao, Yuan and Go, Yoo Kyung and Rodriguez Koett, Luis E. and Sharma, Anisha and Chen, Manxin and Lessard, Jacob J. and Topkaya, Tolga and Leal, Cecilia and Moore, Jeffrey S. and Geubelle, Philippe H. and Sottos, Nancy R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08934-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Controlled patterning of crystalline domains by frontal polymerization}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in amazon’s upper troposphere. NATURE, 640(8059), E30. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Curtius, Joachim and Heinritzi, Martin and Beck, Lisa J. and Pöhlker, Mira L. and Tripathi, Nidhi and Krumm, Bianca E. and Holzbeck, Philip and Nussbaumer, Clara M. and Hernández Pardo, Lianet and Klimach, Thomas and Barmpounis, Konstantinos and Andersen, Simone T. and Bardakov, Roman and Bohn, Birger and Cecchini, Micael A. and Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre and Dauhut, Thibaut and Dienhart, Dirk and Dörich, Raphael and Edtbauer, Achim and Giez, Andreas and Hartmann, Antonia and Holanda, Bruna A. and Joppe, Philipp and Kaiser, Katharina and Keber, Timo and Klebach, Hannah and Krüger, Ovid O. and Kürten, Andreas and Mallaun, Christian and Marno, Daniel and Martinez, Monica and Monteiro, Carolina and Nelson, Carolina and Ort, Linda and Raj, Subha S. and Richter, Sarah and Ringsdorf, Akima and Rocha, Fabio and Simon, Mario and Sreekumar, Sreedev and Tsokankunku, Anywhere and Unfer, Gabriela R. and Valenti, Isabella D. and Wang, Nijing and Zahn, Andreas and Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel and Albrecht, Rachel I. and Andreae, Meinrat O. and Artaxo, Paulo and Crowley, John N. and Fischer, Horst and Harder, Hartwig and Herdies, Dirceu L. and Machado, Luiz A. T. and Pöhlker, Christopher and Pöschl, Ulrich and Possner, Anna and Pozzer, Andrea and Schneider, Johannes and Williams, Jonathan and Lelieveld, Jos}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08906-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in amazon’s upper troposphere}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A. j. eisfeld et al. reply. NATURE, 640(8059), E28-E29. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eisfeld, Amie J. and Biswas, Asim and Guan, Lizheng and Gu, Chunyang and Maemura, Tadashi and Trifkovic, Sanja and Wang, Tong and Babujee, Lavanya and Dahn, Randall and Halfmann, Peter J. and Barnhardt, Tera and Neumann, Gabriele and Suzuki, Yasuo and Thompson, Alexis and Swinford, Amy K. and Dimitrov, Kiril M. and Poulsen, Keith and Kawaoka, Yoshihiro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08823-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E28-E29}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A. j. eisfeld et al. reply}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Receptor-binding specificity of a bovine influenza a virus. NATURE, 640(8059), E21-E27. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chopra, Pradeep and Ray, Sean D. and Page, Caroline K. and Shepard, Justin D. and Kandeil, Ahmed and Jeevan, Trushar and Bowman, Andrew S. and Ellebedy, Ali H. and Webby, Richard J. and de Vries, Robert P. and Tompkins, S. Mark and Boons, Geert-Jan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08822-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E21-E27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Receptor-binding specificity of a bovine influenza a virus}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bovine H5N1 binds poorly to human-type sialic acid receptors. NATURE, 640(8059), E18-E20. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Santos, Jefferson J. S. and Wang, Shengyang and McBride, Ryan and Adams, Lorin and Harvey, Ruth and Zhao, Yan and Wrobel, Antoni G. and Gamblin, Steven and Skehel, John and Lewis, Nicola S. and Paulson, James C. and Hensley, Scott E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08821-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E18-E20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bovine H5N1 binds poorly to human-type sialic acid receptors}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Natively expressed AcrIII-1 does not function as an anti-CRISPR protein. NATURE, 640(8059), E15-E17. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Athukoralage, Januka S. and McMahon, Stephen A. and Zhang, Changyi and Grüschow, Sabine and Graham, Shirley and Krupovic, Mart and Whitaker, Rachel J. and Gloster, Tracey M. and White, Malcolm F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08650-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E15-E17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Natively expressed AcrIII-1 does not function as an anti-CRISPR protein}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Natively expressed AcrIII-1 does not function as an anti-CRISPR protein. NATURE, 640(8059), E8-E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Martínez-Alvarez, Laura and Stickel, Dominic and Salegi-Díez, Andrea and Bhoobalan-Chitty, Yuvaraj and Shen, Wen Zhong and Peng, Xu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08649-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {E8-E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Natively expressed AcrIII-1 does not function as an anti-CRISPR protein}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Understanding bones from the remote wilderness of wyoming. NATURE, 640(8059), 850. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Digging in overlooked regions has opened up a world of discovery for palaeontologist David Lovelace. Digging in overlooked regions has opened up a world of discovery for palaeontologist David Lovelace.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Austin, Alexia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01148-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {850}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Understanding bones from the remote wilderness of wyoming}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Should i return to my home country after my PhD abroad?. NATURE, 640(8059), 847-848. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A graduate student from southeast Asia, now based in a European country and missing her homeland, agonizes over her next career move. A graduate student from southeast Asia, now based in a European country and missing her homeland, agonizes over her next career move.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rochmyaningsih, Dyna}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01147-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {847-848}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Should i return to my home country after my PhD abroad?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chanoclavine synthase operates by an NADPH-independent superoxide mechanism. NATURE, 640(8059), 840-846. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More than ten ergot alkaloids comprising both natural and semi-synthetic products are used to treat various diseases1,2. The central C ring forms the core pharmacophore for ergot alkaloids, giving them structural similarity to neurotransmitters, thus enabling their modulation of neurotransmitter receptors3. The haem catalase chanoclavine synthase (EasC) catalyses the construction of this ring through complex radical oxidative cyclization4. Unlike canonical catalases, which catalyse H2O2 disproportionation5,6, EasC and its homologues represent a broader class of catalases that catalyse O2-dependent radical reactions4,7. We have elucidated the structure of EasC by cryo-electron microscopy, revealing a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) (NADPH)-binding pocket and a haem pocket common to all haem catalases, with a unique homodimeric architecture that is, to our knowledge, previously unobserved. The substrate prechanoclavine unprecedentedly binds in the NADPH-binding pocket, instead of the previously suspected haem-binding pocket, and two pockets were connected by a slender tunnel. Contrary to the established mechanisms, EasC uses superoxide rather than the more generally used transient haem iron–oxygen complexes (such as compounds I, II and III)8,9, to mediate substrate transformation through superoxide-mediated cooperative catalysis of the two distant pockets. We propose that this reactive oxygen species mechanism could be widespread in metalloenzyme-catalysed reactions. The unique structure and mechanism of chanoclavine synthase (EasC), a haem catalase that uses superoxide for substrate transformation in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, are revealed in this study, challenging established catalase mechanisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chun-Chi and Yu, Zhi-Pu and Liu, Ziwei and Yao, Yongpeng and Hagedoorn, Peter-Leon and Schmitz, Rob Alexander and Yang, Lujia and Yu, Lu and Liu, Aokun and Sheng, Xiang and Su, Hao and Ma, Yaqing and Wang, Te and Huang, Jian-Wen and Zhang, Lilan and Yan, Juzhang and Bao, Jinping and Cui, Chengsen and Li, Xian and Shen, Panpan and Zhang, Wuyuan and Min, Jian and Wang, Chang-Yun and Guo, Rey-Ting and Gao, Shu-Shan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08670-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {840-846}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chanoclavine synthase operates by an NADPH-independent superoxide mechanism}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genome-coverage single-cell histone modifications for embryo lineage tracing. NATURE, 640(8059), 828-839. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Substantial epigenetic resetting during early embryo development from fertilization to blastocyst formation ensures zygotic genome activation and leads to progressive cellular heterogeneities1–3. Mapping single-cell epigenomic profiles of core histone modifications that cover each individual cell is a fundamental goal in developmental biology. Here we develop target chromatin indexing and tagmentation (TACIT), a method that enabled genome-coverage single-cell profiling of seven histone modifications across mouse early embryos. We integrated these single-cell histone modifications with single-cell RNA sequencing data to chart a single-cell resolution epigenetic landscape. Multimodal chromatin-state annotations showed that the onset of zygotic genome activation at the early two-cell stage already primes heterogeneities in totipotency. We used machine learning to identify totipotency gene regulatory networks, including stage-specific transposable elements and putative transcription factors. CRISPR activation of a combination of these identified transcription factors induced totipotency activation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Together with single-cell co-profiles of multiple histone modifications, we developed a model that predicts the earliest cell branching towards the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm in latent multimodal space and identifies regulatory elements and previously unknown lineage-specifying transcription factors. Our work provides insights into single-cell epigenetic reprogramming, multimodal regulation of cellular lineages and cell-fate priming during mouse pre-implantation development. Two new methods, target chromatin indexing and tagmentation (TACIT) and combined TACIT (CoTACIT), enabled single-cell profiling of the epigenome and lineage tracing from mouse zygotes to blastocysts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Min and Yue, Yanzhu and Chen, Xubin and Xian, Kexin and Dong, Chao and Shi, Ming and Xiong, Haiqing and Tian, Kang and Li, Yuzhe and Zhang, Qiangfeng Cliff and He, Aibin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08656-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {828-839}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genome-coverage single-cell histone modifications for embryo lineage tracing}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Overlapping nuclear import and export paths unveiled by two-colour MINFLUX. NATURE, 640(8059), 821-827. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nucleocytoplasmic exchange, catalysing a massive flux of protein and nucleic acid material in both directions1. Distinct trafficking pathways for import and export would be an elegant solution to avoid unproductive collisions and opposing movements. However, the three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale spatiotemporal dynamics of macromolecules traversing the NPC remains challenging to visualize on the timescale of millisecond-scale transport events. Here we used 3D MINFLUX2 to identify the nuclear pore scaffold and then to simultaneously monitor both nuclear import and nuclear export, thereby establishing that both transport processes occur in overlapping regions of the central pore. Whereas translocation-arrested import complexes bound at the pore periphery, tracks of translocating complexes within the central pore region revealed a preference for an approximately 40- to 50-nm diameter annulus with minimal circumferential movement, indicating activity-dependent confinement within the permeability barrier. Movement within the pore was approximately 1,000-fold slower than in solution and was interspersed with pauses, indicating a highly restricted environment with structural constraints and/or transient binding events during transport. These results demonstrate that high spatiotemporal precision with reduced photobleaching is a major advantage of MINFLUX tracking, and that the NPC permeability barrier is divided into annular rings with distinct functional properties. High spatiotemporal precision tracking using 3D MINFLUX shows that nuclear import and export occur in overlapping regions of the central pore, providing insight into transport across the nuclear pore complex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sau, Abhishek and Schnorrenberg, Sebastian and Huang, Ziqiang and Bandyopadhyay, Debolina and Sharma, Ankith and Gürth, Clara-Marie and Dave, Sandeep and Musser, Siegfried M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08738-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {821-827}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Overlapping nuclear import and export paths unveiled by two-colour MINFLUX}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). MYC ecDNA promotes intratumour heterogeneity and plasticity in PDAC. NATURE, 640(8059), 811-820. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intratumour heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity drive tumour progression and therapy resistance1,2. Oncogene dosage variation contributes to cell-state transitions and phenotypic heterogeneity3, thereby providing a substrate for somatic evolution. Nonetheless, the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity are still poorly understood. Here we show that extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a major source of high-level focal amplification in key oncogenes and a major contributor of MYC heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We demonstrate that ecDNAs drive varying levels of MYC dosage, depending on their regulatory landscape, enabling cancer cells to rapidly and reversibly adapt to microenvironmental changes. In the absence of selective pressure, a high ecDNA copy number imposes a substantial fitness cost on PDAC cells. We also show that MYC dosage affects cell morphology and dependence of cancer cells on stromal niche factors. Our work provides a detailed analysis of ecDNAs in PDAC and describes a new genetic mechanism driving MYC heterogeneity in PDAC. In a model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, extrachromosomal DNAs are shown to be a source of high-level focal amplification driving MYC heterogeneity and phenotypic adaptation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fiorini, Elena and Malinova, Antonia and Schreyer, Daniel and Pasini, Davide and Bevere, Michele and Alessio, Giorgia and Rosa, Diego and D’Agosto, Sabrina and Azzolin, Luca and Milite, Salvatore and Andreani, Silvia and Lupo, Francesca and Veghini, Lisa and Grimaldi, Sonia and Pedron, Serena and Castellucci, Monica and Nourse, Craig and Salvia, Roberto and Malleo, Giuseppe and Ruzzenente, Andrea and Guglielmi, Alfredo and Milella, Michele and Lawlor, Rita T. and Luchini, Claudio and Agostini, Antonio and Carbone, Carmine and Pilarsky, Christian and Sottoriva, Andrea and Scarpa, Aldo and Tuveson, David A. and Bailey, Peter and Corbo, Vincenzo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08721-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {811-820}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {MYC ecDNA promotes intratumour heterogeneity and plasticity in PDAC}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nociceptive neurons promote gastric tumour progression via a CGRP–RAMP1 axis. NATURE, 640(8059), 802-810. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer cells have been shown to exploit neurons to modulate their survival and growth, including through the establishment of neural circuits within the central nervous system1–3. Here we report a distinct pattern of cancer–nerve interactions between the peripheral nervous system and gastric cancer. In multiple mouse models of gastric cancer, nociceptive nerves demonstrated the greatest degree of nerve expansion in an NGF-dependent manner. Neural tracing identified CGRP+ peptidergic neurons as the primary gastric sensory neurons. Three-dimensional co-culture models showed that sensory neurons directly connect with gastric cancer spheroids. Chemogenetic activation of sensory neurons induced the release of calcium into the cytoplasm of cancer cells, promoting tumour growth and metastasis. Pharmacological ablation of sensory neurons or treatment with CGRP inhibitors suppressed tumour growth and extended survival. Depolarization of gastric tumour membranes through in vivo optogenetic activation led to enhanced calcium flux in jugular nucleus complex and CGRP release, defining a cancer cell–peptidergic neuronal circuit. Together, these findings establish the functional connectivity between cancer and sensory neurons, identifying this pathway as a potential therapeutic target. Functional connectivity between gastric cancer cells and sensory neurons offers a potential therapeutic target.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhi, Xiaofei and Wu, Feijing and Qian, Jin and Ochiai, Yosuke and Lian, Guodong and Malagola, Ermanno and Zheng, Biyun and Tu, Ruhong and Zeng, Yi and Kobayashi, Hiroki and Xia, Zhangchuan and Wang, Ruizhi and Peng, Yueqing and Shi, Qiongyu and Chen, Duan and Ryeom, Sandra W. and Wang, Timothy C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08591-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {802-810}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nociceptive neurons promote gastric tumour progression via a CGRP–RAMP1 axis}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). HIV immune evasin nef enhances allogeneic CAR t cell potency. NATURE, 640(8059), 793-801. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a genetically engineered therapy that is highly effective against B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma1. However, the length and cost of personalized manufacturing limits access and leaves patients vulnerable to disease progression. Allogeneic cell therapies have the potential to increase patient access and improve treatment outcomes but are limited by immune rejection2,3. To devise a strategy to protect allogeneic CAR T cells from host immune cells, we turned to lymphotropic viruses that have evolved integrated mechanisms for immune escape of virus-infected lymphocytes4. We find that viral evasins that partially reduce human leukocyte antigen class I expression can shelter CAR T cells from mismatched CD8+ T cells without triggering ‘missing-self’ rejection by natural killer cells. However, this protection alone is insufficient to sustain effective allogeneic CAR T cell therapy. HIV-1 Nef uniquely also acts through the serine/threonine kinase Pak2 to abate activation-induced cell death and promote survival of CAR T cells in vivo. Thus, virus-like immune escape can harness several mechanisms that act in concert to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic CAR T cells. HIV-1 immune evasin Nef reduces activation-induced cell death and promotes survival of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells; thus, virus-like immune escape enhances therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic CAR T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Perica, Karlo and Kotchetkov, Ivan S. and Mansilla-Soto, Jorge and Ehrich, Fiona and Herrera, Kevin and Shi, Yuzhe and Dobrin, Anton and Gönen, Mithat and Sadelain, Michel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08657-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {793-801}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {HIV immune evasin nef enhances allogeneic CAR t cell potency}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Precursors of exhausted t cells are pre-emptively formed in acute infection. NATURE, 640(8059), 782-792. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {T cell exhaustion limits effector T cell function in chronic infection and tumours1,2. The development of these hypofunctional T cells and of their precursors was considered to require stimulatory conditions that are met only after persistent exposure to antigen and inflammation. Here we show, however, that similar T cell populations exist in the early phase of acute infections1,2. At that stage, the early developing TCF1+ precursor population exhibits an unexpected diversity; it includes precursors of normal memory T cells, but also cells with phenotypic, gene-expression and epigenetic profiles that resemble those of precursors of exhausted T cells found in chronic infections. We show that high ligand affinity promotes and PD-1 signalling restricts the development of these precursors. Although the exhausted precursors are at first found frequently, they decline without being completely lost in infections that the immune system resolves. We therefore conclude that precursor T cells with at least two distinct phenotypes are pre-emptively generated irrespective of the outcome of an infection. T cell exhaustion was thought to be strictly associated only with chronic infections and tumours, but it turns out that acute infections also generate a subset of precursor T cells with exhaustion-like phenotypes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chu, Talyn and Wu, Ming and Hoellbacher, Barbara and de Almeida, Gustavo P. and Wurmser, Christine and Berner, Jacqueline and Donhauser, Lara V. and Gerullis, Ann-Katrin and Lin, Siran and Cepeda-Mayorga, J. Diego and Kilb, Iman I. and Bongers, Lukas and Toppeta, Fabio and Strobl, Philipp and Youngblood, Ben and Schulz, Anna M. and Zippelius, Alfred and Knolle, Percy A. and Heinig, Matthias and Hackstein, Carl-Philipp and Zehn, Dietmar}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08451-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {782-792}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Precursors of exhausted t cells are pre-emptively formed in acute infection}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An early precursor CD8+ t cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection. NATURE, 640(8059), 772-781. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8+ T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also have a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy1–10. These PD-1+TCF-1+TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells (also known as precursors of exhausted T cells8,9) have a distinct program that enables them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation. Here, using the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, we find that virus-specific stem-like CD8+ T cells are generated early (day 5) during chronic infection, suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of the infection outcome. Indeed, we find that nearly identical populations of stem-like CD8+ T cells were generated early during acute or chronic LCMV infection, and that antigen was essential for maintaining the stem-like phenotype. We performed reciprocal adoptive transfer experiments to determine the fate of these early stem-like CD8+ T cells after viral clearance versus persistence. After transfer of day 5 stem-like CD8+ T cells from chronically infected mice into acutely infected mice, these cells downregulated canonical markers of the chronic stem-like CD8+ T cells and expressed markers (CD127 and CD62L) associated with central memory CD8+ T cells. Reciprocally, when day 5 stem-like cells from acutely infected mice were transferred into chronically infected mice, these CD8+ T cells functioned like chronic resource cells and responded effectively to PD-1 therapy. These findings highlight the ability of these early PD-1+TCF-1+TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells to adapt their differentiation trajectory to either an acute or a chronic viral infection. Importantly, our study shows that the host is prepared a priori to deal with a potential chronic infection. Stem-like CD8+ T cells specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are generated early during chronic infection, suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of the infection outcome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McManus, Daniel T. and Valanparambil, Rajesh M. and Medina, Christopher B. and Scharer, Christopher D. and McGuire, Donald J. and Sobierajska, Ewelina and Hu, Yinghong and Chang, Daniel Y. and Wieland, Andreas and Lee, Judong and Nasti, Tahseen H. and Hashimoto, Masao and Ross, James L. and Prokhnevska, Nataliya and Cardenas, Maria A. and Gill, Amanda L. and Clark, Elisa C. and Abadie, Kathleen and Kumar, Arjun J. and Kaye, Jonathan and Au-Yeung, Byron B. and Kueh, Hao Yuan and Kissick, Haydn T. and Ahmed, Rafi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08562-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {772-781}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An early precursor CD8+ t cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). TGFβ links EBV to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. NATURE, 640(8059), 762-771. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a subset of children and adolescents, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a severe acute hyperinflammatory shock1 termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at four to eight weeks after infection. MIS-C is characterized by a specific T cell expansion2 and systemic hyperinflammation3. The pathogenesis of MIS-C remains largely unknown. Here we show that acute MIS-C is characterized by impaired reactivation of virus-reactive memory T cells, which depends on increased serum levels of the cytokine TGFβ resembling those that occur during severe COVID-19 (refs. 4,5). This functional impairment in T cell reactivity is accompanied by the presence of TGFβ-response signatures in T cells, B cells and monocytes along with reduced antigen-presentation capabilities of monocytes, and can be reversed by blocking TGFβ. Furthermore, T cell receptor repertoires of patients with MIS-C exhibit expansion of T cells expressing TCRVβ21.3, resembling Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-reactive T cell clones capable of eliminating EBV-infected B cells. Additionally, serum TGFβ in patients with MIS-C can trigger EBV reactivation, which is reversible with TGFβ blockade. Clinically, the TGFβ-induced defect in T cell reactivity correlates with a higher EBV seroprevalence in patients with MIS-C compared with age-matched controls, along with the occurrence of EBV reactivation. Our findings establish a connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 sequelae in children, in which impaired T cell cytotoxicity triggered by TGFβ overproduction leads to EBV reactivation and subsequent hyperinflammation. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection results from increased serum levels of TGFβ, which impairs the reactivation of virus-specific T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goetzke, Carl Christoph and Massoud, Mona and Frischbutter, Stefan and Guerra, Gabriela Maria and Ferreira-Gomes, Marta and Heinrich, Frederik and von Stuckrad, Anne Sae Lim and Wisniewski, Sebastian and Licha, Jan Robin and Bondareva, Marina and Ehlers, Lisa and Khaldi-Plassart, Samira and Javouhey, Etienne and Pons, Sylvie and Trouillet-Assant, Sophie and Ozsurekci, Yasemin and Zhang, Yu and Poli, Maria Cecilia and Discepolo, Valentina and Lo Vecchio, Andrea and Sahin, Bengü and Verboom, Murielle and Hallensleben, Michael and Heuhsen, Anja Isabelle and Astudillo, Camila and Espinosa, Yazmin and Vial Cox, Maria Cecilia and Dobbs, Kerry and Delmonte, Ottavia M. and Montealegre Sanchez, Gina A. and Magliocco, Mary and Barron, Karyl and Danielson, Jeffrey and Petrov, Lev and Unterwalder, Nadine and Sawitzki, Birgit and Matz, Mareen and Lehmann, Katrin and Gratopp, Alexander and von Bernuth, Horst and Burkhardt, Lisa-Marie and Wiese, Niklas and Peter, Lena and Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael and Amini, Leila and Maurer, Marcus and Roehmel, Jobst Fridolin and Gewurz, Benjamin E. and Yonker, Lael M. and Witkowski, Mario and Kruglov, Andrey and Mall, Marcus Alexander and Su, Helen C. and Ozen, Seza and Radbruch, Andreas and Belot, Alexandre and Durek, Pawel and Kallinich, Tilmann and Mashreghi, Mir-Farzin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08697-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {762-771}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {TGFβ links EBV to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hepatic stellate cells control liver zonation, size and functions via R-spondin 3. NATURE, 640(8059), 752-761. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have a central pathogenetic role in the development of liver fibrosis. However, their fibrosis-independent and homeostatic functions remain poorly understood1–5. Here we demonstrate that genetic depletion of HSCs changes WNT activity and zonation of hepatocytes, leading to marked alterations in liver regeneration, cytochrome P450 metabolism and injury. We identify R-spondin 3 (RSPO3), an HSC-enriched modulator of WNT signalling, as responsible for these hepatocyte-regulatory effects of HSCs. HSC-selective deletion of Rspo3 phenocopies the effects of HSC depletion on hepatocyte gene expression, zonation, liver size, regeneration and cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification, and exacerbates alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. RSPO3 expression decreases with HSC activation and is inversely associated with outcomes in patients with alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. These protective and hepatocyte-regulating functions of HSCs via RSPO3 resemble the R-spondin-expressing stromal niche in other organs and should be integrated into current therapeutic concepts. Hepatic stellate cells regulate hepatocyte functions via R-spondin 3.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sugimoto, Atsushi and Saito, Yoshinobu and Wang, Guanxiong and Sun, Qiuyan and Yin, Chuan and Lee, Ki Hong and Geng, Yana and Rajbhandari, Presha and Hernandez, Celine and Steffani, Marcella and Qie, Jingran and Savage, Thomas and Goyal, Dhruv M. and Ray, Kevin C. and Neelakantan, Taruna V. and Yin, Deqi and Melms, Johannes and Lehrich, Brandon M. and Yasaka, Tyler M. and Liu, Silvia and Oertel, Michael and Lan, Tian and Guillot, Adrien and Peiseler, Moritz and Filliol, Aveline and Kanzaki, Hiroaki and Fujiwara, Naoto and Ravi, Samhita and Izar, Benjamin and Brosch, Mario and Hampe, Jochen and Remotti, Helen and Argemi, Josepmaria and Sun, Zhaoli and Kendall, Timothy J. and Hoshida, Yujin and Tacke, Frank and Fallowfield, Jonathan A. and Blockley-Powell, Storm K. and Haeusler, Rebecca A. and Steinman, Jonathan B. and Pajvani, Utpal B. and Monga, Satdarshan P. and Bataller, Ramon and Masoodi, Mojgan and Arpaia, Nicholas and Lee, Youngmin A. and Stockwell, Brent R. and Augustin, Hellmut G. and Schwabe, Robert F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08677-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {752-761}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hepatic stellate cells control liver zonation, size and functions via R-spondin 3}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A polyene macrolide targeting phospholipids in the fungal cell membrane. NATURE, 640(8059), 743-751. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The global spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungi presents a serious threat to human health, necessitating the discovery of antifungals with unique modes of action1. However, conventional activity-based screening for previously undescribed antibiotics has been hampered by the high-frequency rediscovery of known compounds and the lack of new antifungal targets2. Here we report the discovery of a polyene antifungal antibiotic, mandimycin, using a phylogeny-guided natural-product discovery platform. Mandimycin is biosynthesized by the mand gene cluster, has evolved in a distinct manner from known polyene macrolide antibiotics and is modified with three deoxy sugars. It has demonstrated potent and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity against a wide range of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens in both in vitro and in vivo settings. In contrast to known polyene macrolide antibiotics that target ergosterol, mandimycin has a unique mode of action that involves targeting various phospholipids in fungal cell membranes, resulting in the release of essential ions from fungal cells. This unique ability to bind multiple targets gives it robust fungicidal activity as well as the capability to evade resistance. The identification of mandimycin using the phylogeny-guided natural-product discovery strategy represents an important advancement in uncovering antimicrobial compounds with distinct modes of action, which could be developed to combat multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. Mandimycin, a polyene macrolide, exhibits strong antifungal activity and possesses a mode of action that is distinct from other compounds of this class.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Deng, Qisen and Li, Yinchuan and He, Wenyan and Chen, Tao and Liu, Nan and Ma, Lingman and Qiu, Zhixia and Shang, Zhuo and Wang, Zongqiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08678-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {743-751}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A polyene macrolide targeting phospholipids in the fungal cell membrane}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Topological segregation of stress sensors along the gut crypt–villus axis. NATURE, 640(8059), 732-742. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The crypt–villus structure of the small intestine serves as an essential protective barrier. The integrity of this barrier is monitored by the complex sensory system of the gut, in which serotonergic enterochromaffin (EC) cells play an important part1,2. These rare sensory epithelial cells surveil the mucosal environment for luminal stimuli and transmit signals both within and outside the gut3–6. However, whether EC cells in crypts and villi detect different stimuli or produce distinct physiological responses is unknown. Here we address these questions by developing a reporter mouse model to quantitatively measure the release and propagation of serotonin from EC cells in live intestines. Crypt EC cells exhibit a tonic low-level mode that activates epithelial serotonin 5-HT4 receptors to modulate basal ion secretion and a stimulus-induced high-level mode that activates 5-HT3 receptors on sensory nerve fibres. Both these modes can be initiated by the irritant receptor TRPA1, which is confined to crypt EC cells. The activation of TRPA1 by luminal irritants is enhanced when the protective mucus layer is compromised. Villus EC cells also signal damage through a distinct mechanism, whereby oxidative stress activates TRPM2 channels, which leads to the release of both serotonin and ATP and consequent excitation of sensory nerve fibres. This topological segregation of EC cell functionality along the mucosal architecture constitutes a mechanism for the surveillance, maintenance and protection of gut integrity under diverse physiological conditions. Serotonergic enterochromaffin cells of the intestine exhibit distinct sensory, secretory and physiological properties depending on their location within the complex crypt–villus architecture of the gut.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Touhara, Kouki K. and Rossen, Nathan D. and Deng, Fei and Castro, Joel and Harrington, Andrea M. and Chu, Tifany and Garcia-Caraballo, Sonia and Brizuela, Mariana and O’Donnell, Tracey and Xu, Jinhao and Cil, Onur and Brierley, Stuart M. and Li, Yulong and Julius, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08581-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {732-742}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Topological segregation of stress sensors along the gut crypt–villus axis}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit. NATURE, 640(8059), 722-731. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chronic stress can change how we learn and, thus, how we make decisions1–5. Here we investigated the neuronal circuit mechanisms that enable this. Using a multifaceted systems neuroscience approach in male and female mice, we reveal a dual-pathway, amygdala–striatal neuronal circuit architecture by which a recent history of chronic stress disrupts the action–outcome learning underlying adaptive agency and promotes the formation of inflexible habits. We found that the projection from the basolateral amygdala to the dorsomedial striatum is activated by rewarding events to support the action–outcome learning needed for flexible, goal-directed decision-making. Chronic stress attenuates this to disrupt action–outcome learning and, therefore, agency. Conversely, the projection from the central amygdala to the dorsomedial striatum mediates habit formation. Following stress, this pathway is progressively recruited to learning to promote the premature formation of inflexible habits. Thus, stress exerts opposing effects on two amygdala–striatal pathways to disrupt agency and promote habit. These data provide neuronal circuit insights into how chronic stress shapes learning and decision-making, and help understanding of how stress can lead to the disrupted decision-making and pathological habits that characterize substance use disorders and mental health conditions. Adaptive decision-making often requires an understanding of our agency in a situation; however, chronic stress can disrupt agency and promote inflexible, habitual behaviour by turning off a brain pathway needed for agency and activating one that promotes habit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Giovanniello, Jacqueline R. and Paredes, Natalie and Wiener, Anna and Ramírez-Armenta, Kathia and Oragwam, Chukwuebuka and Uwadia, Hanniel O. and Yu, Abigail L. and Lim, Kayla and Pimenta, Jenna S. and Vilchez, Gabriela E. and Nnamdi, Gift and Wang, Alicia and Sehgal, Megha and Reis, Fernando MCV and Sias, Ana C. and Silva, Alcino J. and Adhikari, Avishek and Malvaez, Melissa and Wassum, Kate M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08580-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {722-731}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Integrated analysis of the complete sequence of a macaque genome. NATURE, 640(8059), 714-721. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are pivotal in biomedical and evolutionary research1–3. However, their genomic complexity and interspecies genetic differences remain unclear4. Here, we present a complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans5,6. We also characterize 93 large-scale genomic differences between macaques and humans at a single-base-pair resolution, highlighting their impact on gene regulation in primate evolution. Using ten long-read macaque genomes, hundreds of short-read macaque genomes and full-length transcriptome data, we identified roughly 2 Mbp of fixed-genetic variants, roughly 240 Mbp of complex loci, 16.76 Mbp genetic differentiation regions and 110 alternative splice events, potentially associated with various phenotypic differences between the two macaque species. In summary, the integrated genetic analysis enhances understanding of lineage-specific phenotypes, adaptation and primate evolution, thereby improving their biomedical applications in human disease research. A complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans, is presented, enhancing understanding of lineage-specific phenotypes, adaptation and primate evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Shilong and Xu, Ning and Fu, Lianting and Yang, Xiangyu and Ma, Kaiyue and Li, Yamei and Yang, Zikun and Li, Zhengtong and Feng, Yu and Jiang, Xinrui and Han, Junmin and Hu, Ruixing and Zhang, Lu and Lian, Da and de Gennaro, Luciana and Paparella, Annalisa and Ryabov, Fedor and Meng, Dan and He, Yaoxi and Wu, Dongya and Yang, Chentao and Mao, Yuxiang and Bian, Xinyan and Lu, Yong and Antonacci, Francesca and Ventura, Mario and Shepelev, Valery A. and Miga, Karen H. and Alexandrov, Ivan A. and Logsdon, Glennis A. and Phillippy, Adam M. and Su, Bing and Zhang, Guojie and Eichler, Evan E. and Lu, Qing and Shi, Yongyong and Sun, Qiang and Mao, Yafei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08596-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {714-721}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Integrated analysis of the complete sequence of a macaque genome}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The earliest human face of western europe. NATURE, 640(8059), 707-713. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Who the first inhabitants of Western Europe were, what their physical characteristics were, and when and where they lived are some of the pending questions in the study of the settlement of Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene epoch. The available palaeoanthropological information from Western Europe is limited and confined to the Iberian Peninsula1,2. Here we present most of the midface of a hominin found at the TE7 level of the Sima del Elefante site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), dated to between 1.4 million and 1.1 million years ago. This fossil (ATE7-1) represents the earliest human face of Western Europe identified thus far. Most of the morphological features of the midface of this hominin are primitive for the Homo clade and they do not display the modern-like aspect exhibited by Homo antecessor found at the neighbouring Gran Dolina site, also in the Sierra de Atapuerca, and dated to between 900,000 and 800,000 years ago3. Furthermore, ATE7-1 is more derived in the nasoalveolar region than the Dmanisi and other roughly contemporaneous hominins. On the basis of the available evidence, it is reasonable to assign the new human remains from TE7 level to Homo aff. erectus. From the archaeological, palaeontological and palaeoanthropological information obtained in the lower levels of the Sima del Elefante and Gran Dolina sites4–8, we suggest a turnover in the human population in Europe at the end of the Early Pleistocene. A Homo aff. erectus individual dated to 1.4 million to 1.1 million years ago found at Sima del Elefante (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) does not display the modern-human-like aspect of Homo antecessor found at the neighbouring Gran Dolina site (900,000–800,000 years ago).}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huguet, Rosa and Rodríguez-Álvarez, Xosé Pedro and Martinón-Torres, María and Vallverdú, Josep and López-García, Juan Manuel and Lozano, Marina and Terradillos-Bernal, Marcos and Expósito, Isabel and Ollé, Andreu and Santos, Elena and Saladié, Palmira and de Lombera-Hermida, Arturo and Moreno-Ribas, Elena and Martín-Francés, Laura and Allué, Ethel and Núñez-Lahuerta, Carmen and van der Made, Jan and Galán, Julia and Blain, Hugues-Alexandre and Cáceres, Isabel and Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio and Bargalló, Amèlia and Mosquera, Marina and Parés, Josep Maria and Marín, Juan and Pineda, Antonio and Lordkipanidze, David and Margveslashvili, Ann and Arsuaga, Juan Luis and Carbonell, Eudald and Bermúdez de Castro, José María}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08681-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {707-713}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The earliest human face of western europe}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Species turnover does not rescue biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. NATURE, 640(8059), 702-706. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Habitat fragmentation generally reduces biodiversity at the patch scale (α diversity)1. However, there is ongoing debate about whether such negative effects can be alleviated at the landscape scale (γ diversity) if among-patch diversity (β diversity) increases as a result of fragmentation2–6. This controversial view has not been rigorously tested. Here we use a dataset of 4,006 taxa across 37 studies from 6 continents to test the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity across scales by explicitly comparing continuous and fragmented landscapes. We find that fragmented landscapes consistently have both lower α diversity and lower γ diversity. Although fragmented landscapes did tend to have higher β diversity, this did not translate into higher γ diversity. Our findings refute claims that habitat fragmentation can increase biodiversity at landscape scales, and emphasize the need to restore habitat and increase connectivity to minimize biodiversity loss at ever-increasing scales. An analysis of habitat fragmentation using a dataset of more than 4,000 species worldwide shows that fragmentation reduces biodiversity at all scales, and that increases in β diversity do not compensate for the loss of α diversity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonçalves-Souza, Thiago and Chase, Jonathan M. and Haddad, Nick M. and Vancine, Maurício H. and Didham, Raphael K. and Melo, Felipe L. P. and Aizen, Marcelo A. and Bernard, Enrico and Chiarello, Adriano G. and Faria, Deborah and Gibb, Heloise and de Lima, Marcelo G. and Magnago, Luiz F. S. and Mariano-Neto, Eduardo and Nogueira, André A. and Nemésio, André and Passamani, Marcelo and Pinho, Bruno X. and Rocha-Santos, Larissa and Rodrigues, Rodolpho C. and Safar, Nathalia Vieira Hissa and Santos, Bráulio A. and Soto-Werschitz, Alejandra and Tabarelli, Marcelo and Uehara-Prado, Marcio and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. and Vieira, Simone and Sanders, Nathan J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08688-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {702-706}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Species turnover does not rescue biodiversity in fragmented landscapes}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Seismic imaging of a basaltic lesser antilles slab from ancient tectonics. NATURE, 640(8059), 697-701. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {At subduction zones, lithospheric material descends through the upper mantle to the mantle transition zone (MTZ), where it may continue to sink into the lower mantle or stagnate1,2. Several factors may be important in influencing this flow, including chemical heterogeneity3–5. However, tight constraints on these mantle flows and the exact factors that affect them have proved challenging. We use P-to-S receiver functions to image the subducting slab and the MTZ beneath the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. We image a singular, superdeep (>700 km) 660-km discontinuity over a 200-km-wide zone within the slab, accompanied by nearby double 660 discontinuity phases (normal and superdeep). Combined geodynamic and waveform modelling shows that this observation cannot be explained by temperature effects in typical mantle compositions but requires a large basalt-rich chemical anomaly, strongest in the location of the singular, deep 660. The inferred basalt signature is near the proposed location of a subducted extinct spreading ridge6,7, where basalt is probably present in greater proportions. Our finding suggests that past tectonic events impart chemical heterogeneity into slabs, and the heterogeneities, in turn, may affect the inherent tendency of the slab to sink. Imaging of the mantle transition zone beneath the Lesser Antilles shows a basalt-rich region within the subducting slab near the proposed location of a subducted extinct spreading ridge, implying ancient tectonics play a role in influencing slab trajectories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Xusong and Xie, Yujiang and Rychert, Catherine A. and Harmon, Nicholas and Goes, Saskia and Rietbrock, Andreas and Lynch, Lloyd}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08754-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {697-701}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Seismic imaging of a basaltic lesser antilles slab from ancient tectonics}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Wide-swath satellite altimetry unveils global submesoscale ocean dynamics. NATURE, 640(8059), 691-696. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ocean submesoscale (1–100 km) processes and their substantial impact on Earth’s climate system have been increasingly emphasized in recent decades by high-resolution numerical models and regional observations1–11. However, the dynamics and energy associated with these processes, including submesoscale eddies and nonlinear internal waves, have never been observed from a global perspective. Where, when and how much do these submesoscale processes contribute to the large-scale ocean circulation and climate system? Here we show data from the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite12 that not only confirm the characteristics of submesoscale eddies and waves but also suggest that their potential impacts on ocean energetics, the marine ecosystem, atmospheric weather and Earth’s climate system are much larger than anticipated. SWOT ushers in a new era of global ocean observing, placing submesoscale ocean dynamics as a critical element of the Earth’s climate system. Data from the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite reveal the characteristics of submesoscale eddies and waves and suggest that their potential impacts on overall ocean circulation is much larger than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Archer, Matthew and Wang, Jinbo and Klein, Patrice and Dibarboure, Gerald and Fu, Lee-Lueng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08722-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {691-696}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Wide-swath satellite altimetry unveils global submesoscale ocean dynamics}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). σ-bond insertion reactions of two strained diradicaloids. NATURE, 640(8059), 683-690. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The development of new synthetic methodologies is instrumental for enabling the discovery of new medicines. The methods that provide efficient access to structural alternatives for aromatic compounds (that is, saturated arene bioisosteres) have become highly coveted1–4. The incorporation of these bioisosteres typically leads to favourable drug-like properties and represents an emerging field of research. Here we report a new synthetic method that furnishes a coveted motif, the bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold5,6, using mild reaction conditions and an operationally simple protocol. The methodology proceeds through the uncommon coupling of two strained fragments: transiently generated cyclic allenes and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, which possess considerable strain energies of about 30 kcal mol−1 (ref. 7) and about 60 kcal mol−1 (ref. 6), respectively. The reaction is thought to proceed by a σ-bond insertion through a diradical pathway. However, rather than requiring an external stimulus to generate radical species, reactivity is thought to arise as a result of innate diradical character present in each reactant. This diradicaloid character8, an underused parameter in reaction design, arises from the severe geometric distortions of each reactant. Our studies provide a means to access functionalized bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes of value for drug discovery, underscore how geometric distortion of reactants can be used to enable uncommon modes of reactivity and should encourage the further exploration and strategic use of diradicaloids in chemical synthesis. A new synthetic method provides a coveted motif, the bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold, using the uncommon coupling of two strained diradicaloid fragments: transiently generated cyclic allenes and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tena Meza, Arismel and Rivera, Christina A. and Shao, Huiling and Kelleghan, Andrew V. and Houk, K. N. and Garg, Neil K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08745-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {683-690}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {σ-bond insertion reactions of two strained diradicaloids}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Supramolecular docking structure determination of alkyl-bearing molecules. NATURE, 640(8059), 676-682. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Numerous natural products and drugs contain flexible alkyl chains. The resulting conformational motion can create challenges in obtaining single crystals and thus determining their molecular structures by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD)1–11. Here we demonstrate that by using pillar[5]arene-incorporated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and taking advantage of pillar[5]arene−alkyl chain host−guest recognition12–15, it is possible to reduce this motion and bring order to alkyl-chain-containing molecules as the result of docking within accessible pillar[5]arene units present in an overall MOF. This has allowed the single-crystal structures of 48 alkyl-chain-containing molecules, including 6 natural products, 2 approved drugs and 18 custom-made compounds collected from 16 research groups, to be determined using standard SCXRD instrumentation. The structures of alkyl-chain-containing molecules derived from crude reaction products can also be determined directly by SCXRD analyses without further purification. The simplicity, high efficiency and apparent generality of the present pillar[5]arene-incorporated MOF-based supramolecular docking approach suggest that it could emerge as a new tool for the analyses of natural products and drugs that might not be amenable to traditional SCXRD-based structure determination. A metal–organic framework (MOF)–pillar[5]arene hybrid can bind small molecules with long alkyl chains, such that single-crystal structures of the host–guest complexes can be obtained and therefore small molecular structures determined.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Yitao and Shi, Le and Xu, Lei and Ying, Jiale and Miao, Xiaohe and Hua, Bin and Chen, Zhijie and Sessler, Jonathan L. and Huang, Feihe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08833-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {676-682}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Supramolecular docking structure determination of alkyl-bearing molecules}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metal–support frontier orbital interactions in single-atom catalysis. NATURE, 640(8059), 668-675. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with maximized metal use and discrete energy levels hold promise for broad applications in heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, environmental science and biomedicine1–7. The activity and stability of SACs are governed by the pair of metal–adsorbate and metal–support interactions8–10. However, the understanding of these interactions with their catalytic performance in nature is challenging. Correlations of activity with the charge state of metal atoms have frequently reached controversial conclusions11–15. Here we report that the activity of palladium (Pd1) SACs exhibits a linear scaling relationship with the positions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of oxide supports across 14 types of semiconductor. Elevation of the LUMO position by reducing the support particle size to a few nanometres boosts a record high activity along with excellent stability in the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene. We show that the elevated LUMO of support reduces its energy gap with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of Pd1 atoms, which promotes Pd1–support orbital hybridizations for high stability and further amends the LUMO of anchored Pd1 atoms to enhance Pd1–adsorbate interactions for high activity. These findings are consistent with the frontier molecular orbital theory and provide a general descriptor for the rational selection of metal–support pairs with predictable activity. The acetylene hydrogenation activity and stability of a palladium single-atom catalyst are both controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxide support.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Xianxian and Wen, Zhilin and Gu, Qingqing and Jiao, Long and Jiang, Hai-Long and Lv, Haifeng and Wang, Hengwei and Ding, Jiani and Lyons, Mason P. and Chang, Alvin and Feng, Zhenxing and Chen, Si and Lin, Yue and Xu, Xiaoyan and Du, Pengfei and Xu, Wenlong and Sun, Mei and Li, Yin and Yang, Bing and Zhang, Tao and Wu, Xiaojun and Lu, Junling}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08747-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {668-675}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metal–support frontier orbital interactions in single-atom catalysis}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of plastic ice VII by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. NATURE, 640(8059), 662-667. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Water is the third most abundant molecule in the universe and a key component in the interiors of icy moons, giant planets and Uranus- and Neptune-like exoplanets1–3. Owing to its distinct molecular structure and flexible hydrogen bonds that readily adapt to a wide range of pressures and temperatures, water forms numerous crystalline and amorphous phases4–6. Most relevant for the high pressures and temperatures of planetary interiors is ice VII (ref. 4), and simulations have identified along its melting curve the existence of a so-called plastic phase7–12 in which individual molecules occupy fixed positions as in a solid yet are able to rotate as in a liquid. Such plastic ice has not yet been directly observed in experiments. Here we present quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements, conducted at temperatures between 450 and 600 K and pressures up to 6 GPa, that reveal the existence of a body-centred cubic structure, as found in ice VII, with water molecules showing picosecond rotational dynamics typical for liquid water. Comparison with molecular dynamics simulations indicates that this plastic ice VII does not conform to a free rotor phase but rather shows rapid orientational jumps, as observed in jump-rotor plastic crystals13,14. We anticipate that our observation of plastic ice VII will affect our understanding of the geodynamics of icy planets and the differentiation processes of large icy moons. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements show the existence of a body-centred cubic structure, similar to that of ice VII, where water molecules exhibit picosecond rotational dynamic and rapid orientational jumps characteristic of liquid water.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rescigno, Maria and Toffano, Alberto and Ranieri, Umbertoluca and Andriambariarijaona, Leon and Gaal, Richard and Klotz, Stefan and Koza, Michael Marek and Ollivier, Jacques and Martelli, Fausto and Russo, John and Sciortino, Francesco and Teixeira, Jose and Bove, Livia Eleonora}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08750-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {662-667}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of plastic ice VII by quasi-elastic neutron scattering}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A RISC-V 32-bit microprocessor based on two-dimensional semiconductors. NATURE, 640(8059), 654-661. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recently the quest for post-silicon semiconductors has escalated owing to the inherent limitations of conventional bulk semiconductors, which are plagued by issues such as drain-induced barrier lowering, interfacial-scattering-induced mobility degradation and a constrained current on/off ratio determined by semiconductor bandwidth. These challenges have prompted the search for more advanced materials, with atomic-layer-thick two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors emerging as a potential solution. Following over a decade of research advances, recent developments1–3 in wafer-scale growth and device fabrication have led to breakthroughs in 2D semiconductor electronics. However, the level of integration remains constrained to a few hundred transistors. We describe a reduced instruction set computing architecture (RISC-V) microprocessor capable of executing standard 32-bit instructions on 5,900 MoS2 transistors and a complete standard cell library based on 2D semiconductor technology. The library contains 25 types of logic units. In alignment with advances in silicon integrated circuits, we also co-optimized the process flow and design of the 2D logic circuits. Our combined manufacturing and design methodology has overcome the significant challenges associated with wafer-scale integration of 2D circuits and enabled a pioneering prototype of an MoS2 microprocessor that exemplifies the potential of 2D integrated-circuit technology beyond silicon. A RISC-V microprocessor capable of executing standard 32-bit instructions has been designed with 5,900 MoS2 transistors and a complete standard cell library based on 2D semiconductor technology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ao, Mingrui and Zhou, Xiucheng and Kong, Xinjie and Gou, Saifei and Chen, Sifan and Dong, Xiangqi and Zhu, Yuxuan and Sun, Qicheng and Zhang, Zhejia and Zhang, Jinshu and Zhang, Qiran and Hu, Yan and Sheng, Chuming and Wang, Kaixuan and Wang, Shuiyuan and Wan, Jing and Han, Jun and Bao, Wenzhong and Zhou, Peng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08759-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {654-661}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A RISC-V 32-bit microprocessor based on two-dimensional semiconductors}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mastering diverse control tasks through world models. NATURE, 640(8059), 647-653. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Developing a general algorithm that learns to solve tasks across a wide range of applications has been a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence. Although current reinforcement-learning algorithms can be readily applied to tasks similar to what they have been developed for, configuring them for new application domains requires substantial human expertise and experimentation1,2. Here we present the third generation of Dreamer, a general algorithm that outperforms specialized methods across over 150 diverse tasks, with a single configuration. Dreamer learns a model of the environment and improves its behaviour by imagining future scenarios. Robustness techniques based on normalization, balancing and transformations enable stable learning across domains. Applied out of the box, Dreamer is, to our knowledge, the first algorithm to collect diamonds in Minecraft from scratch without human data or curricula. This achievement has been posed as a substantial challenge in artificial intelligence that requires exploring farsighted strategies from pixels and sparse rewards in an open world3. Our work allows solving challenging control problems without extensive experimentation, making reinforcement learning broadly applicable. A general reinforcement-learning algorithm, called Dreamer, outperforms specialized expert algorithms across diverse tasks by learning a model of the environment and improving its behaviour by imagining future scenarios.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hafner, Danijar and Pasukonis, Jurgis and Ba, Jimmy and Lillicrap, Timothy}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08744-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {647-653}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mastering diverse control tasks through world models}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ambient-pressure superconductivity onset above 40 k in (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 films. NATURE, 640(8059), 641-646. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) bilayer nickelate superconductors under high pressure has opened a new chapter in high-transition-temperature superconductivity1–8. However, the high-pressure conditions and presence of impurity phases have hindered comprehensive investigations into their superconducting properties and potential applications. Here we report ambient-pressure superconductivity onset above the McMillan limit (40 K) in RP bilayer nickelate epitaxial thin films. Three-unit-cell-thick La2.85Pr0.15Ni2O7 pure-phase single-crystal films are grown using the gigantic-oxidative atomic layer-by-layer epitaxy on SrLaAlO4 substrates9. Resistivity measurements and magnetic field responses indicate onset transition temperature of 45 K. The transition to zero resistance shows characteristics consistent with a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) behaviour, with TBKT = 9 K. The Meissner diamagnetic effect is observed at 8 K by using a mutual inductance setup, in agreement with the BKT-like transition. In- and out-of-plane critical magnetic fields show anisotropy. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray reciprocal space mappings reveal that the RP bilayer nickelate films adopt a tetragonal phase under roughly 2% coherent epitaxial compressive strain in the NiO2 planes relative to the bulk. Our findings pave the way for comprehensive investigations of nickelate superconductors under ambient pressure conditions and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperatures through strain engineering in heterostructures. Ambient-pressure superconductivity onset above the McMillan limit in bilayer nickelate epitaxial thin films is reported, paving the way for comprehensive investigations of superconductors and for exploring superconductivity at higher transition temperatures in heterostructures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Guangdi and Lv, Wei and Wang, Heng and Nie, Zihao and Chen, Yaqi and Li, Yueying and Huang, Haoliang and Chen, Wei-Qiang and Sun, Yu-Jie and Xue, Qi-Kun and Chen, Zhuoyu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08755-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {641-646}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ambient-pressure superconductivity onset above 40 k in (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 films}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Near-field photon entanglement in total angular momentum. NATURE, 640(8059), 634-640. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Photons can carry angular momentum, which is conventionally attributed to two constituents—spin angular momentum (SAM), which is an intrinsic property related to the polarization, and orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is related to the photon spatial distribution. In paraxial optics, these two forms of angular momentum are separable1, such that entanglement can be induced between the SAM and the OAM of a single photon2,3 or of different photons in a multi-photon state4. In nanophotonic systems, however, the SAM and the OAM of a photon are inseparable5,6, so only the total angular momentum (TAM) serves as a good quantum number7–9. Here we present the observation of non-classical correlations between two photons in the near-field regime, giving rise to entanglement related to the TAM. We entangle those nanophotonic states by coupling photon pairs to plasmonic modes and use quantum imaging techniques10,11 to measure their correlations. We observe that entanglement in TAM leads to a completely different structure of quantum correlations of photon pairs, compared with entanglement related to the two constituent angular momenta. This work paves the way for on-chip quantum information processing using the TAM of photons as the encoding property for quantum information. Non-classical correlations between two photons in the near-field regime give rise to entanglement in their total angular momentum, leading to a completely different structure of quantum correlations of photon pairs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kam, Amit and Tsesses, Shai and Ilin, Yigal and Cohen, Kobi and Lumer, Yaakov and Fridman, Lior and Lotan, Stav and Patsyk, Anatoly and Nemirovsky-Levy, Liat and Orenstein, Meir and Segev, Mordechai and Bartal, Guy}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08761-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {634-640}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Near-field photon entanglement in total angular momentum}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Towards multimodal foundation models in molecular cell biology. NATURE, 640(8059), 623-633. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The rapid advent of high-throughput omics technologies has created an exponential growth in biological data, often outpacing our ability to derive molecular insights. Large-language models have shown a way out of this data deluge in natural language processing by integrating massive datasets into a joint model with manifold downstream use cases. Here we envision developing multimodal foundation models, pretrained on diverse omics datasets, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and spatial profiling. These models are expected to exhibit unprecedented potential for characterizing the molecular states of cells across a broad continuum, thereby facilitating the creation of holistic maps of cells, genes and tissues. Context-specific transfer learning of the foundation models can empower diverse applications from novel cell-type recognition, biomarker discovery and gene regulation inference, to in silico perturbations. This new paradigm could launch an era of artificial intelligence-empowered analyses, one that promises to unravel the intricate complexities of molecular cell biology, to support experimental design and, more broadly, to profoundly extend our understanding of life sciences. The development of multimodal foundation models, pretrained on diverse omics datasets, to unravel the intricate complexities of molecular cell biology is envisioned.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cui, Haotian and Tejada-Lapuerta, Alejandro and Brbić, Maria and Saez-Rodriguez, Julio and Cristea, Simona and Goodarzi, Hani and Lotfollahi, Mohammad and Theis, Fabian J. and Wang, Bo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08710-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {623-633}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Towards multimodal foundation models in molecular cell biology}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The growing memristor industry. NATURE, 640(8059), 613-622. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. The status and prospects of the memristor industry are analysed and the obstacles and pathways to their implementation are discussed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lanza, Mario and Pazos, Sebastian and Aguirre, Fernando and Sebastian, Abu and Le Gallo, Manuel and Alam, Syed M. and Ikegawa, Sumio and Yang, J. Joshua and Vianello, Elisa and Chang, Meng-Fan and Molas, Gabriel and Naveh, Ishai and Ielmini, Daniele and Liu, Ming and Roldan, Juan B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08733-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {613-622}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The growing memristor industry}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biodiversity declines across fragmented forests. NATURE, 640(8059), 610-611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A global analysis of species in fragmented-forest landscapes reveals species losses in fragments, and that the changes in species composition across fragments is not enough to benefit biodiversity over entire landscapes. Assessing the effect of forest fragmentation on biodiversity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fletcher Jr, Robert J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00672-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {610-611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biodiversity declines across fragmented forests}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Early air-pollution activists fight against city smoke. NATURE, 640(8059), 610. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A 250,000-year-old footprint preserved in ash, and the effect of a polluted atmosphere on health and the economy, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00918-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {610}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Early air-pollution activists fight against city smoke}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SWOT satellite provides a finer view of climate-driving ocean dynamics. NATURE, 640(8059), 609-610. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High-resolution observations of ocean topography from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission reveal that small surface structures have a larger-than-expected impact on the ocean’s total energy budget. High-resolution observations of ocean topography from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission reveal that small surface structures have a larger-than-expected impact on the ocean’s total energy budget.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Carli, Elisa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00820-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {609-610}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SWOT satellite provides a finer view of climate-driving ocean dynamics}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Live-cell super-resolution microscopy reveals how molecules enter and exit the nucleus. NATURE, 640(8059), 607-608. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nuclear pore complex is the gateway to the nucleus of cells. Now an in vivo imaging technique can track the way in which molecules move through this complex. The nuclear pore complex is the gateway to the nucleus of cells. Now an in vivo imaging technique can track the way in which molecules move through this complex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rieger, Bernd and Berrevoets, Enya S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00804-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {607-608}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Live-cell super-resolution microscopy reveals how molecules enter and exit the nucleus}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). New antifungal breaks the mould. NATURE, 640(8059), 606-607. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A bacterium makes a molecule that kills drug-resistant fungi in an unusual way — by targeting various phospholipid molecules in membranes. A bacterium makes a molecule that kills drug-resistant fungi in an unusual way — by targeting various phospholipid molecules in membranes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maji, Arun and Burke, Martin D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00801-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {606-607}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {New antifungal breaks the mould}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Docking stations in porous crystals unlock elusive molecular structures. NATURE, 640(8059), 604-605. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Porous crystals have been engineered to trap ‘oily’ molecules — enabling X-ray structures to be determined for these compounds that defy standard crystallographic analysis. Porous crystals have been engineered to trap ‘oily’ molecules — enabling X-ray structures to be determined for these compounds that defy standard crystallographic analysis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Hongyi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00911-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {604-605}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Docking stations in porous crystals unlock elusive molecular structures}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tiger turnaround as populations grow in india. NATURE, 640(8059), 603-604. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tiger numbers in India are starting to rebound after decades of being perilously low. This recovery offers lessons for conserving other rare animals. Tiger numbers in India are starting to rebound after decades of being perilously low. This recovery offers lessons for conserving other rare animals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Laurance, William F. and Ramakrishnan, Uma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01027-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {603-604}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tiger turnaround as populations grow in india}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Africa CDC must become financially independent. NATURE, 640(8059), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Evaborhene, Nelson Aghogho and Oga, Jessica and Udokanma, Echezona}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01201-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Africa CDC must become financially independent}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists must regain trust. NATURE, 640(8059), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {De keersmaecker, Jonas and Van Bavel, Jay J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01202-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists must regain trust}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Discussions of technologies’ societal impacts are still too limited. NATURE, 640(8059), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitra, Sparky}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01203-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Discussions of technologies’ societal impacts are still too limited}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ensuring that conferences are inclusive requires diverse organizers. NATURE, 640(8059), 602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven and Biana, Hazel T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01204-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ensuring that conferences are inclusive requires diverse organizers}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the united states became a science superpower — And how quickly it could crumble. NATURE, 640(8059), 599-601. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {US global dominance in science was no accident, but a product of a far-seeing partnership between public and private sectors to boost innovation and economic growth. US global dominance in science was no accident, but a product of a far-seeing partnership between public and private sectors to boost innovation and economic growth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Blank, Steve}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01146-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {599-601}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the united states became a science superpower — And how quickly it could crumble}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘I’m touching space’: The fascinating insights meteorites can bring us. NATURE, 640(8059), 597-598. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two books discuss how these space rocks are entwined with science, commerce, policy and life. Two books discuss how these space rocks are entwined with science, commerce, policy and life.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Russell, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01144-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {597-598}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘I’m touching space’: The fascinating insights meteorites can bring us}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The dangerous fantasies driving the quest for super-intelligent AI. NATURE, 640(8059), 595-596. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More Everything Forever dissects the techno-utopian vision gripping Silicon Valley and Washington DC. More Everything Forever dissects the techno-utopian vision gripping Silicon Valley and Washington DC.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lanier, Jaron}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01145-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {595-596}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The dangerous fantasies driving the quest for super-intelligent AI}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science’s golden oldies: The decades-old research papers still heavily cited today. NATURE, 640(8059), 593-594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis for Nature reveals the studies that appear most in the reference lists of current publications. An analysis for Nature reveals the studies that appear most in the reference lists of current publications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Van Noorden, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01126-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {593-594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science’s golden oldies: The decades-old research papers still heavily cited today}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These are the most-cited research papers of all time. NATURE, 640(8059), 591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some studies have received hundreds of thousands of citations, Nature’s updated analysis shows. Some studies have received hundreds of thousands of citations, Nature’s updated analysis shows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Van Noorden, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01124-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These are the most-cited research papers of all time}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: The most-cited papers of the twenty-first century. NATURE, 640(8059), 588-592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A Nature analysis reveals the 25 highest-cited papers published this century and explores why they are breaking records. A Nature analysis reveals the 25 highest-cited papers published this century and explores why they are breaking records.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen and Ledford, Heidi and Hutson, Matthew and Van Noorden, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01125-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {588-592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: The most-cited papers of the twenty-first century}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Japan’s big bet on stem-cell therapies might soon pay off with medical breakthroughs. NATURE, 640(8059), 584-587. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Induced pluripotent stem cells are being tested to treat blindness, paralysis, Parkinson’s disease and more. Approvals might be around the corner. Induced pluripotent stem cells are being tested to treat blindness, paralysis, Parkinson’s disease and more. Approvals might be around the corner.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01143-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {584-587}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Japan’s big bet on stem-cell therapies might soon pay off with medical breakthroughs}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What makes us human? milestone ape genomes promise clues. NATURE, 640(8059), 582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA sequences for chimpanzees, orangutan and more will help scientists to determine what sets humans apart from other apes. DNA sequences for chimpanzees, orangutan and more will help scientists to determine what sets humans apart from other apes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01079-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What makes us human? milestone ape genomes promise clues}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Obesity-drug pioneers and 13,508 physicists win US$3-million breakthrough prizes. NATURE, 640(8059), 580-581. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Advances recognized by science’s most lucrative awards include Large Hadron Collider experiments and groundbreaking weight-loss treatments. Advances recognized by science’s most lucrative awards include Large Hadron Collider experiments and groundbreaking weight-loss treatments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Merali, Zeeya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01038-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {580-581}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Obesity-drug pioneers and 13,508 physicists win US$3-million breakthrough prizes}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mental-health crisis plagues PhDs — These evidence-led initiatives offer help. NATURE, 640(8059), 579-580. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Communities of researchers worldwide are taking on the toxic research cultures that drive poor psychological health among academics. Communities of researchers worldwide are taking on the toxic research cultures that drive poor psychological health among academics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schwaller, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01083-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {579-580}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mental-health crisis plagues PhDs — These evidence-led initiatives offer help}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will AI improve your life? here’s what 4,000 researchers think. NATURE, 640(8059), 577-578. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists working on artificial intelligence are more confident than the public that the technology will benefit people. Scientists working on artificial intelligence are more confident than the public that the technology will benefit people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schwaller, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01123-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {577-578}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will AI improve your life? here’s what 4,000 researchers think}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does US science have a future in antarctica? trump cuts threaten to cancel fieldwork and more. NATURE, 640(8059), 576-577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Funding for the National Science Foundation, which finances research at US bases on the icy continent, has already been reduced, and the agency faces steeper cuts soon. Funding for the National Science Foundation, which finances research at US bases on the icy continent, has already been reduced, and the agency faces steeper cuts soon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01055-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {576-577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does US science have a future in antarctica? trump cuts threaten to cancel fieldwork and more}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An animal source of mpox emerges — And it’s a squirrel. NATURE, 640(8059), 575-576. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers solve the mystery of a disease outbreak through long-term surveillance of wildlife in Africa. Researchers solve the mystery of a disease outbreak through long-term surveillance of wildlife in Africa.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qiu, Jane}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00990-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {575-576}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An animal source of mpox emerges — And it’s a squirrel}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We’ve misunderstood uranus all these years. NATURE, 640(8059), 573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hubble Space Telescope data show that the time taken for the planet to revolve around its axis is almost half a minute longer than was thought. Hubble Space Telescope data show that the time taken for the planet to revolve around its axis is almost half a minute longer than was thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01074-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We’ve misunderstood uranus all these years}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Top quarks spotted at mega-detector could reveal clues to early universe. NATURE, 640(8059), 573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Heaviest known elementary particles and their antimatter counterparts are detected after nuclear smash-ups at the Large Hadron Collider. Heaviest known elementary particles and their antimatter counterparts are detected after nuclear smash-ups at the Large Hadron Collider.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01075-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Top quarks spotted at mega-detector could reveal clues to early universe}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These 4,200-year-old cymbals show music’s far-reaching power. NATURE, 640(8059), 573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {People from modern Pakistan imported their musical technology all the way to what is now Oman. People from modern Pakistan imported their musical technology all the way to what is now Oman.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01076-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These 4,200-year-old cymbals show music’s far-reaching power}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Allergic reactions flare in the gut after cuts to the skin, mouse research shows. NATURE, 640(8059), 573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Damage done to the skin can increase the risk of an allergic reaction in other organs. Damage done to the skin can increase the risk of an allergic reaction in other organs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01077-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Allergic reactions flare in the gut after cuts to the skin, mouse research shows}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t believe the hype — Quantum tech can’t yet solve real-world problems. NATURE, 640(8059), 572. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Investors and the public should know what quantum devices can and, more importantly, can’t do. Investors and the public should know what quantum devices can and, more importantly, can’t do.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arrow, Joan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01142-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {572}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t believe the hype — Quantum tech can’t yet solve real-world problems}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The fight to keep big tech in check: Digital researchers are in ‘David and goliath’ battle. NATURE, 640(8059), 571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Resource constraints hobble analyses of how digital technologies affect mental health, and take a huge toll on the scientists working to make the online world safer. Resource constraints hobble analyses of how digital technologies affect mental health, and take a huge toll on the scientists working to make the online world safer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Orben, Amy}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01141-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The fight to keep big tech in check: Digital researchers are in ‘David and goliath’ battle}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t rush promising stem-cell therapies. NATURE, 640(8059), 570. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Potential treatments need to be subject to the highest standards of safety and efficacy. Potential treatments need to be subject to the highest standards of safety and efficacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01176-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {570}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t rush promising stem-cell therapies}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High time to tackle drug-resistant fungal infections. NATURE, 640(8059), 569. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To combat long-overlooked fungal pathogens, researchers and regulators must embrace innovative science and policy. To combat long-overlooked fungal pathogens, researchers and regulators must embrace innovative science and policy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01177-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8059}, pages = {569}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High time to tackle drug-resistant fungal infections}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: A metagenomic ‘dark matter’ enzyme catalyses oxidative cellulose conversion. NATURE, 640(8058), E7. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Santos, Clelton A. and Morais, Mariana A. B. and Mandelli, Fernanda and Lima, Evandro A. and Miyamoto, Renan Y. and Higasi, Paula M. R. and Araujo, Evandro A. and Paixão, Douglas A. A. and Junior, Joaquim M. and Motta, Maria L. and Streit, Rodrigo S. A. and Morão, Luana G. and Silva, Claudio B. C. and Wolf, Lucia D. and Terrasan, Cesar R. F. and Bulka, Nathalia R. and Diogo, Jose A. and Fuzita, Felipe J. and Colombari, Felippe M. and Santos, Camila R. and Rodrigues, Priscila T. and Silva, Daiane B. and Grisel, Sacha and Bernardes, Juliana S. and Terrapon, Nicolas and Lombard, Vincent and Filho, Antonio J. C. and Henrissat, Bernard and Bissaro, Bastien and Berrin, Jean-Guy and Persinoti, Gabriela F. and Murakami, Mario T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08872-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {E7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: A metagenomic ‘dark matter’ enzyme catalyses oxidative cellulose conversion}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data. NATURE, 640(8058), E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shumailov, Ilia and Shumaylov, Zakhar and Zhao, Yiren and Papernot, Nicolas and Anderson, Ross and Gal, Yarin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08905-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Heritable polygenic editing: The next frontier in genomic medicine?. NATURE, 640(8058), E5. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Visscher, Peter M. and Gyngell, Christopher and Yengo, Loic and Savulescu, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08904-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {E5}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Heritable polygenic editing: The next frontier in genomic medicine?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Spatially resolved multiomics of human cardiac niches. NATURE, 640(8058), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kanemaru, Kazumasa and Cranley, James and Muraro, Daniele and Miranda, Antonio M. A. and Ho, Siew Yen and Wilbrey-Clark, Anna and Patrick Pett, Jan and Polanski, Krzysztof and Richardson, Laura and Litvinukova, Monika and Kumasaka, Natsuhiko and Qin, Yue and Jablonska, Zuzanna and Semprich, Claudia I. and Mach, Lukas and Dabrowska, Monika and Richoz, Nathan and Bolt, Liam and Mamanova, Lira and Kapuge, Rakeshlal and Barnett, Sam N. and Perera, Shani and Talavera-López, Carlos and Mulas, Ilaria and Mahbubani, Krishnaa T. and Tuck, Liz and Wang, Lu and Huang, Margaret M. and Prete, Martin and Pritchard, Sophie and Dark, John and Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh and Patel, Minal and Clatworthy, Menna R. and Hübner, Norbert and Chowdhury, Rasheda A. and Noseda, Michela and Teichmann, Sarah A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08886-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Spatially resolved multiomics of human cardiac niches}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Studying seabirds with a cactus as a research assistant. NATURE, 640(8058), 562. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ecologist Cecilia Soldatini tracks the movements of magnificent frigatebirds. Ecologist Cecilia Soldatini tracks the movements of magnificent frigatebirds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mellone, Ugo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01070-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {562}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Studying seabirds with a cactus as a research assistant}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Where do proteins go in cells? next-generation methods map the molecules’ hidden lives. NATURE, 640(8058), 556-560. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Spatial proteomics is helping biologists to uncover how cells work by mapping where proteins operate. Spatial proteomics is helping biologists to uncover how cells work by mapping where proteins operate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Remmel, Ariana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01045-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {556-560}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Where do proteins go in cells? next-generation methods map the molecules’ hidden lives}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI for research: The ultimate guide to choosing the right tool. NATURE, 640(8058), 555-557. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Curious about using artificial intelligence to boost your research? Here are the programs you shouldn’t miss. Curious about using artificial intelligence to boost your research? Here are the programs you shouldn’t miss.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01069-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {555-557}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI for research: The ultimate guide to choosing the right tool}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extensive mutual influences of SMC complexes shape 3D genome folding. NATURE, 640(8058), 543-553. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mammalian genomes are folded through the distinct actions of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes, which include the chromatin loop-extruding cohesin (extrusive cohesin), the sister chromatid cohesive cohesin and the mitotic chromosome-associated condensins1–3. Although these complexes function at different stages of the cell cycle, they exist together on chromatin during the G2-to-M phase transition, when the genome structure undergoes substantial reorganization1,2. Yet, how the different SMC complexes affect each other and how their interactions orchestrate the dynamic folding of the three-dimensional genome remain unclear. Here we engineered all possible cohesin and condensin configurations on mitotic chromosomes to delineate the concerted, mutually influential action of SMC complexes. We show that condensin disrupts the binding of extrusive cohesin at CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) sites, thereby promoting the disassembly of interphase topologically associating domains (TADs) and loops during mitotic progression. Conversely, extrusive cohesin impedes condensin-mediated mitotic chromosome spiralization. Condensin reduces peaks of cohesive cohesin, whereas cohesive cohesin antagonizes condensin-mediated longitudinal shortening of mitotic chromosomes. The presence of both extrusive and cohesive cohesin synergizes these effects and inhibits mitotic chromosome condensation. Extrusive cohesin positions cohesive cohesin at CTCF-binding sites. However, cohesive cohesin by itself cannot be arrested by CTCF molecules and is insufficient to establish TADs or loops. Moreover, it lacks loop-extrusion capacity, which indicates that cohesive cohesin has nonoverlapping functions with extrusive cohesin. Finally, cohesive cohesin restricts chromatin loop expansion mediated by extrusive cohesin. Collectively, our data describe a three-way interaction among major SMC complexes that dynamically modulates chromatin architecture during cell cycle progression. Orthogonal acute inducible degradation cell lines are used to delineate the mechanisms of how extrusive cohesin, cohesive cohesin and condensin interact to remodel chromosome architecture from interphase to mitosis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Han and Shu, Lirong and Qin, Shiyi and Lyu, Fangxuan and Liu, Fuhai and Lin, En and Xia, Sijian and Wang, Baiyue and Wang, Manzhu and Shan, Fengnian and Lin, Yinzhi and Zhang, Lin and Gu, Yufei and Blobel, Gerd A. and Huang, Kai and Zhang, Haoyue}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08638-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {543-553}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extensive mutual influences of SMC complexes shape 3D genome folding}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cooperative nutrient scavenging is an evolutionary advantage in cancer. NATURE, 640(8058), 534-542. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The survival of malignant cells within tumours is often seen as depending on ruthless competition for nutrients and other resources1,2. Although competition is certainly critical for tumour evolution and cancer progression, cooperative interactions within tumours are also important, albeit poorly understood3,4. Cooperative populations at all levels of biological organization risk extinction if their population size falls below a critical tipping point5,6. Here we examined whether cooperation among tumour cells may be a potential therapeutic target. We identified a cooperative mechanism that enables tumour cells to proliferate under the amino acid-deprived conditions found in the tumour microenvironment. Disruption of this mechanism drove cultured tumour populations to the critical extinction point and resulted in a marked reduction in tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that tumour cells collectively digest extracellular oligopeptides through the secretion of aminopeptidases. The resulting free amino acids benefit both aminopeptidase-secreting cells and neighbouring cells. We identified CNDP2 as the key enzyme that hydrolyses these peptides extracellularly, and loss of this aminopeptidase prevents tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. These data show that cooperative scavenging of nutrients is key to survival in the tumour microenvironment and reveal a targetable cancer vulnerability. Nutrient-starved tumour cells cooperate by secreting aminopeptidases that digest oligopeptides in the microenvironment, creating a shared pool of free amino acids.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guzelsoy, Gizem and Elorza, Setiembre D. and Ros, Manon and Schachtner, Logan T. and Hayashi, Makiko and Hobson-Gutierrez, Spencer and Rundstrom, Parker and Brunner, Julia S. and Pillai, Ray and Walkowicz, William E. and Finley, Lydia W. S. and Deforet, Maxime and Papagiannakopoulos, Thales and Carmona-Fontaine, Carlos}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08588-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {534-542}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cooperative nutrient scavenging is an evolutionary advantage in cancer}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Macrophages recycle phagocytosed bacteria to fuel immunometabolic responses. NATURE, 640(8058), 524-533. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Macrophages specialize in phagocytosis, a cellular process that eliminates extracellular matter, including microorganisms, through internalization and degradation1,2. Despite the critical role of phagocytosis during bacterial infection, the fate of phagocytosed microbial cargo and its impact on the host cell are poorly understood. In this study, we show that ingested bacteria constitute an alternative nutrient source that skews immunometabolic host responses. By tracing stable isotope-labelled bacteria, we found that phagolysosomal degradation of bacteria provides carbon atoms and amino acids that are recycled into various metabolic pathways, including glutathione and itaconate biosynthesis, and satisfies the bioenergetic needs of macrophages. Metabolic recycling of microbially derived nutrients is regulated by the nutrient-sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex C1 and is intricately tied to microbial viability. Dead bacteria, as opposed to live bacteria, are enriched in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, sustain the cellular adenosine monophosphate pool and subsequently activate adenosine monophosphate protein kinase to inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex C1. Consequently, killed bacteria strongly fuel metabolic recycling and support macrophage survival but elicit decreased reactive oxygen species production and reduced interleukin-1β secretion compared to viable bacteria. These results provide a new insight into the fate of engulfed microorganisms and highlight a microbial viability-associated metabolite that triggers host metabolic and immune responses. Our findings hold promise for shaping immunometabolic intervention for various immune-related pathologies. Phagocytosed bacteria can serve as an alternative nutrient source for macrophages, influencing their metabolic and immune responses through the recycling of microbial components, with the process regulated by nutrient-sensing mechanisms and bacterial viability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lesbats, Juliette and Brillac, Aurélia and Reisz, Julie A. and Mukherjee, Parnika and Lhuissier, Charlène and Fernández-Monreal, Mónica and Dupuy, Jean-William and Sequeira, Angèle and Tioli, Gaia and De La Calle Arregui, Celia and Pinson, Benoît and Wendisch, Daniel and Rousseau, Benoît and Efeyan, Alejo and Sander, Leif Erik and D’Alessandro, Angelo and Garaude, Johan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08629-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {524-533}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Macrophages recycle phagocytosed bacteria to fuel immunometabolic responses}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A coronavirus assembly inhibitor that targets the viral membrane protein. NATURE, 640(8058), 514-523. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The coronavirus membrane protein (M) is the main organizer of coronavirus assembly1–3. Here, we report on an M-targeting molecule, CIM-834, that blocks the assembly of SARS-CoV-2. CIM-834 was obtained through high-throughput phenotypic antiviral screening followed by medicinal-chemistry efforts and target elucidation. CIM-834 inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (including a broad panel of variants) and SARS-CoV. In SCID mice and Syrian hamsters intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2, oral treatment reduced lung viral titres to nearly undetectable levels, even (as shown in mice) when treatment was delayed until 24 h before the end point. Treatment of infected hamsters prevented transmission to untreated sentinels. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that virion assembly is completely absent in cells treated with CIM-834. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reveals that CIM-834 binds and stabilizes the M protein in its short form, thereby preventing the conformational switch to the long form, which is required for successful particle assembly. In conclusion, we have discovered a new druggable target in the replication cycle of coronaviruses and a small molecule that potently inhibits it. High-throughput screening and hit optimization have led to the development of a small molecule, CIM-834, that targets the SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein and blocks assembly of the virus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Laporte, Manon and Jochmans, Dirk and Bardiot, Dorothée and Desmarets, Lowiese and Debski-Antoniak, Oliver J. and Mizzon, Giulia and Abdelnabi, Rana and Leyssen, Pieter and Chiu, Winston and Zhang, Zhikuan and Nomura, Norimichi and Boland, Sandro and Ohto, Umeharu and Stahl, Yannick and Wuyts, Jurgen and De Jonghe, Steven and Stevaert, Annelies and van Hemert, Martijn J. and Bontes, Brenda W. and Wanningen, Patrick and Groenewold, G. J. Mirjam and Zegar, Aneta and Owczarek, Katarzyna and Joshi, Sanjata and Koukni, Mohamed and Arzel, Philippe and Klaassen, Hugo and Vanherck, Jean-Christophe and Vandecaetsbeek, Ilse and Cremers, Niels and Donckers, Kim and Francken, Thibault and Van Buyten, Tina and Rymenants, Jasper and Schepers, Joost and Pyrc, Krzysztof and Hilgenfeld, Rolf and Dubuisson, Jean and Bosch, Berend-Jan and Van Kuppeveld, Frank and Eydoux, Cecilia and Decroly, Etienne and Canard, Bruno and Naesens, Lieve and Weynand, Birgit and Snijder, Eric J. and Belouzard, Sandrine and Shimizu, Toshiyuki and Bartenschlager, Ralf and Hurdiss, Daniel L. and Marchand, Arnaud and Chaltin, Patrick and Neyts, Johan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08773-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {514-523}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A coronavirus assembly inhibitor that targets the viral membrane protein}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor targeting the membrane protein. NATURE, 640(8058), 506-513. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The membrane (M) protein of betacoronaviruses is well conserved and has a key role in viral assembly1,2. Here we describe the identification of JNJ-9676, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting the coronavirus M protein. JNJ-9676 demonstrates in vitro nanomolar antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and sarbecovirus strains from bat and pangolin zoonotic origin. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined a binding pocket of JNJ-9676 formed by the transmembrane domains of the M protein dimer. Compound binding stabilized the M protein dimer in an altered conformational state between its long and short forms, preventing the release of infectious virus. In a pre-exposure Syrian golden hamster model, JNJ-9676 (25 mg per kg twice per day) showed excellent efficacy, illustrated by a significant reduction in viral load and infectious virus in the lung by 3.5 and 4 log10-transformed RNA copies and 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) per mg lung, respectively. Histopathology scores at this dose were reduced to the baseline. In a post-exposure hamster model, JNJ-9676 was efficacious at 75 mg per kg twice per day even when added at 48 h after infection, when peak viral loads were observed. The M protein is an attractive antiviral target to block coronavirus replication, and JNJ-9676 represents an interesting chemical series towards identifying clinical candidates addressing the current and future coronavirus pandemics. JNJ-9676—a small-molecule inhibitor targeting coronavirus M protein that shows excellent efficacy in Syrian golden hamster models—binds to and stabilizes the M protein dimer in an altered conformational state between its long and short forms, preventing the release of infectious virus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Van Damme, Ellen and Abeywickrema, Pravien and Yin, Yanting and Xie, Jiexiong and Jacobs, Sofie and Mann, Mandeep Kaur and Doijen, Jordi and Miller, Robyn and Piassek, Madison and Marsili, Simone and Subramanian, Murali and Gottlieb, Leah and Abdelnabi, Rana and Van Gool, Michiel and Van den Broeck, Nick and De Pauw, Ines and Diels, Annick and Vermeulen, Peter and Temmerman, Koen and Scobey, Trevor and Mattocks, Melissa and Schäfer, Alexandra and Jochmans, Dirk and De Jonghe, Steven and Leyssen, Pieter and Chiu, Winston and Diosa Toro, Mayra and Zwaagstra, Marleen and Leijs, Anouk A. and De Gruyter, Heidi L. M. and Buyck, Christophe and Van Den Heede, Klaas and Jacobs, Frank and Van den Eynde, Christel and Thijs, Laura and Raeymaekers, Valerie and Miller, Seth and Del Rosario, Amanda and Neyts, Johan and Peeters, Danielle and Baric, Ralph S. and van Kuppeveld, Frank J. M. and Snijder, Eric J. and van Hemert, Martijn J. and Monshouwer, Mario and Sharma, Sujata and Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra and Koul, Anil and Van Loock, Marnix}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08651-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {506-513}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor targeting the membrane protein}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Connectomics of predicted sst transcriptomic types in mouse visual cortex. NATURE, 640(8058), 497-505. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between them1. Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology2,3, electrophysiology4, transcriptomic expression5,6, connectivity7–9 or a combination of such modalities10–12. The Patch-seq technique enables the characterization of morphology, electrophysiology and transcriptomic properties from individual cells13–15. These properties were integrated to define 28 inhibitory, morpho-electric-transcriptomic (MET) cell types in mouse visual cortex16, which do not include synaptic connectivity. Conversely, large-scale electron microscopy (EM) enables morphological reconstruction and a near-complete description of a neuron’s local synaptic connectivity, but does not include transcriptomic or electrophysiological information. Here, we leveraged morphological information from Patch-seq to predict the transcriptomically defined cell subclass and/or MET-type of inhibitory neurons within a large-scale EM dataset. We further analysed Martinotti cells—a somatostatin (Sst)-positive17 morphological cell type18,19—which were classified successfully into Sst MET-types with distinct axon myelination and synaptic output connectivity patterns. We demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell types across experimental modalities, enabling further comparison of connectivity to gene expression and electrophysiology. We observe unique connectivity rules for predicted Sst cell types. The authors use Patch-seq and electron microscopy datasets to relate synaptic connectivity to the transcriptomic cell type of different types of inhibitory neuron.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gamlin, Clare R. and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Mallory, Matthew and Elabbady, Leila and Gouwens, Nathan and Williams, Grace and Mukora, Alice and Dalley, Rachel and Bodor, Agnes L. and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Joyce, Emily and Kapner, Daniel and Kinn, Sam and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Seshamani, Sharmishtaa and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Yin, Wenjing and Nicovich, Philip R. and Bae, J. Alexander and Castro, Manuel A. and Dorkenwald, Sven and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kemnitz, Nico and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Mu, Shang and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Silversmith, William and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Yu, Szi-chieh and Berg, Jim and Jarsky, Tim and Lee, Brian and Seung, H. Sebastian and Zeng, Hongkui and Reid, R. Clay and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico and Sorensen, Staci A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08805-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {497-505}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Connectomics of predicted sst transcriptomic types in mouse visual cortex}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NEURD offers automated proofreading and feature extraction for connectomics. NATURE, 640(8058), 487-496. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {We are in the era of millimetre-scale electron microscopy volumes collected at nanometre resolution1,2. Dense reconstruction of cellular compartments in these electron microscopy volumes has been enabled by recent advances in machine learning3–6. Automated segmentation methods produce exceptionally accurate reconstructions of cells, but post hoc proofreading is still required to generate large connectomes that are free of merge and split errors. The elaborate 3D meshes of neurons in these volumes contain detailed morphological information at multiple scales, from the diameter, shape and branching patterns of axons and dendrites, down to the fine-scale structure of dendritic spines. However, extracting these features can require substantial effort to piece together existing tools into custom workflows. Here, building on existing open source software for mesh manipulation, we present Neural Decomposition (NEURD), a software package that decomposes meshed neurons into compact and extensively annotated graph representations. With these feature-rich graphs, we automate a variety of tasks such as state-of-the-art automated proofreading of merge errors, cell classification, spine detection, axonal-dendritic proximities and other annotations. These features enable many downstream analyses of neural morphology and connectivity, making these massive and complex datasets more accessible to neuroscience researchers. Neural Decomposition (NEURD) is a software package that decomposes neuronal data from high-resolution electron microscopy volumes into feature-rich graph representations to facilitate analysis for neuroscience research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Celii, Brendan and Papadopoulos, Stelios and Ding, Zhuokun and Fahey, Paul G. and Wang, Eric and Papadopoulos, Christos and Kunin, Alexander B. and Patel, Saumil and Bae, J. Alexander and Bodor, Agnes L. and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Castro, Manuel A. and Cobos, Erick and Dorkenwald, Sven and Elabbady, Leila and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kapner, Dan and Kemnitz, Nico and Kinn, Sam and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Mu, Shang and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Silversmith, William and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Yu, Szi-chieh and Yin, Wenjing and Xenes, Daniel and Kitchell, Lindsey M. and Rivlin, Patricia K. and Rose, Victoria A. and Bishop, Caitlyn A. and Wester, Brock and Froudarakis, Emmanouil and Walker, Edgar Y. and Sinz, Fabian and Seung, H. Sebastian and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico and Reid, R. Clay and Pitkow, Xaq and Tolias, Andreas S. and Reimer, Jacob}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08660-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {487-496}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NEURD offers automated proofreading and feature extraction for connectomics}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Perisomatic ultrastructure efficiently classifies cells in mouse cortex. NATURE, 640(8058), 478-486. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mammalian neocortex contains a highly diverse set of cell types. These cell types have been mapped systematically using a variety of molecular, electrophysiological and morphological approaches1–4. Each modality offers new perspectives on the variation of biological processes underlying cell-type specialization. Cellular-scale electron microscopy provides dense ultrastructural examination and an unbiased perspective on the subcellular organization of brain cells, including their synaptic connectivity and nanometre-scale morphology. In data that contain tens of thousands of neurons, most of which have incomplete reconstructions, identifying cell types becomes a clear challenge for analysis5. Here, to address this challenge, we present a systematic survey of the somatic region of all cells in a cubic millimetre of cortex using quantitative features obtained from electron microscopy. This analysis demonstrates that the perisomatic region is sufficient to identify cell types, including types defined primarily on the basis of their connectivity patterns. We then describe how this classification facilitates cell-type-specific connectivity characterization and locating cells with rare connectivity patterns in the dataset. An analysis demonstrates that quantitative measurements of perisomatic ultrastructure features of neurons can be used to categorize them into cell types.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Elabbady, Leila and Seshamani, Sharmishtaa and Mu, Shang and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Bodor, Agnes L. and Bae, J. Alexander and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Castro, Manuel A. and Dorkenwald, Sven and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kapner, Dan and Kemnitz, Nico and Kinn, Sam and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Silversmith, William and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Yin, Wenjing and Yu, Szi-chieh and Seung, H. Sebastian and Reid, R. Clay and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico and Collman, Forrest}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07765-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {478-486}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Perisomatic ultrastructure efficiently classifies cells in mouse cortex}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types. NATURE, 640(8058), 470-477. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The complexity of neural circuits makes it challenging to decipher the brain’s algorithms of intelligence. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning have produced models that accurately simulate brain activity, enhancing our understanding of the brain’s computational objectives and neural coding. However, it is difficult for such models to generalize beyond their training distribution, limiting their utility. The emergence of foundation models1 trained on vast datasets has introduced a new artificial intelligence paradigm with remarkable generalization capabilities. Here we collected large amounts of neural activity from visual cortices of multiple mice and trained a foundation model to accurately predict neuronal responses to arbitrary natural videos. This model generalized to new mice with minimal training and successfully predicted responses across various new stimulus domains, such as coherent motion and noise patterns. Beyond neural response prediction, the model also accurately predicted anatomical cell types, dendritic features and neuronal connectivity within the MICrONS functional connectomics dataset2. Our work is a crucial step towards building foundation models of the brain. As neuroscience accumulates larger, multimodal datasets, foundation models will reveal statistical regularities, enable rapid adaptation to new tasks and accelerate research. A foundation model trained on neural activity of visual cortex from multiple mice accurately predicts responses to video stimuli and cell types, dendritic features and connectivity within the MICrONS functional connectomics dataset.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Eric Y. and Fahey, Paul G. and Ding, Zhuokun and Papadopoulos, Stelios and Ponder, Kayla and Weis, Marissa A. and Chang, Andersen and Muhammad, Taliah and Patel, Saumil and Ding, Zhiwei and Tran, Dat and Fu, Jiakun and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Reid, R. Clay and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico and Franke, Katrin and Ecker, Alexander S. and Reimer, Jacob and Pitkow, Xaq and Sinz, Fabian H. and Tolias, Andreas S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08829-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {470-477}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Functional connectomics reveals general wiring rule in mouse visual cortex. NATURE, 640(8058), 459-469. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the relationship between circuit connectivity and function is crucial for uncovering how the brain computes. In mouse primary visual cortex, excitatory neurons with similar response properties are more likely to be synaptically connected1–8; however, broader connectivity rules remain unknown. Here we leverage the millimetre-scale MICrONS dataset to analyse synaptic connectivity and functional properties of neurons across cortical layers and areas. Our results reveal that neurons with similar response properties are preferentially connected within and across layers and areas—including feedback connections—supporting the universality of ‘like-to-like’ connectivity across the visual hierarchy. Using a validated digital twin model, we separated neuronal tuning into feature (what neurons respond to) and spatial (receptive field location) components. We found that only the feature component predicts fine-scale synaptic connections beyond what could be explained by the proximity of axons and dendrites. We also discovered a higher-order rule whereby postsynaptic neuron cohorts downstream of presynaptic cells show greater functional similarity than predicted by a pairwise like-to-like rule. Recurrent neural networks trained on a simple classification task develop connectivity patterns that mirror both pairwise and higher-order rules, with magnitudes similar to those in MICrONS data. Ablation studies in these recurrent neural networks reveal that disrupting like-to-like connections impairs performance more than disrupting random connections. These findings suggest that these connectivity principles may have a functional role in sensory processing and learning, highlighting shared principles between biological and artificial systems. The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ding, Zhuokun and Fahey, Paul G. and Papadopoulos, Stelios and Wang, Eric Y. and Celii, Brendan and Papadopoulos, Christos and Chang, Andersen and Kunin, Alexander B. and Tran, Dat and Fu, Jiakun and Ding, Zhiwei and Patel, Saumil and Ntanavara, Lydia and Froebe, Rachel and Ponder, Kayla and Muhammad, Taliah and Bae, J. Alexander and Bodor, Agnes L. and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Castro, Manuel A. and Cobos, Erick and Dorkenwald, Sven and Elabbady, Leila and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kapner, Dan and Kemnitz, Nico and Kinn, Sam and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Mu, Shang and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Silversmith, William and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Yin, Wenjing and Yu, Szi-chieh and Yatsenko, Dimitri and Froudarakis, Emmanouil and Sinz, Fabian and Josić, Krešimir and Rosenbaum, Robert and Seung, H. Sebastian and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico and Reid, R. Clay and Walker, Edgar Y. and Pitkow, Xaq and Reimer, Jacob and Tolias, Andreas S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08840-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {459-469}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Functional connectomics reveals general wiring rule in mouse visual cortex}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Inhibitory specificity from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortex. NATURE, 640(8058), 448-458. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mammalian cortex features a vast diversity of neuronal cell types, each with characteristic anatomical, molecular and functional properties1. Synaptic connectivity shapes how each cell type participates in the cortical circuit, but mapping connectivity rules at the resolution of distinct cell types remains difficult. Here we used millimetre-scale volumetric electron microscopy2 to investigate the connectivity of all inhibitory neurons across a densely segmented neuronal population of 1,352 cells spanning all layers of mouse visual cortex, producing a wiring diagram of inhibition with more than 70,000 synapses. Inspired by classical neuroanatomy, we classified inhibitory neurons based on targeting of dendritic compartments and developed an excitatory neuron classification based on dendritic reconstructions with whole-cell maps of synaptic input. Single-cell connectivity showed a class of disinhibitory specialist that targets basket cells. Analysis of inhibitory connectivity onto excitatory neurons found widespread specificity, with many interneurons exhibiting differential targeting of spatially intermingled subpopulations. Inhibitory targeting was organized into ‘motif groups’, diverse sets of cells that collectively target both perisomatic and dendritic compartments of the same excitatory targets. Collectively, our analysis identified new organizing principles for cortical inhibition and will serve as a foundation for linking contemporary multimodal neuronal atlases with the cortical wiring diagram. Using volumetric electron microscopy, the authors map and analyze the structure of cortical inhibition with synaptic resolution across a column of visual cortex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schneider-Mizell, Casey M. and Bodor, Agnes L. and Brittain, Derrick and Buchanan, JoAnn and Bumbarger, Daniel J. and Elabbady, Leila and Gamlin, Clare and Kapner, Daniel and Kinn, Sam and Mahalingam, Gayathri and Seshamani, Sharmishtaa and Suckow, Shelby and Takeno, Marc and Torres, Russel and Yin, Wenjing and Dorkenwald, Sven and Bae, J. Alexander and Castro, Manuel A. and Halageri, Akhilesh and Jia, Zhen and Jordan, Chris and Kemnitz, Nico and Lee, Kisuk and Li, Kai and Lu, Ran and Macrina, Thomas and Mitchell, Eric and Mondal, Shanka Subhra and Mu, Shang and Nehoran, Barak and Popovych, Sergiy and Silversmith, William and Turner, Nicholas L. and Wong, William and Wu, Jingpeng and Reimer, Jacob and Tolias, Andreas S. and Seung, H. Sebastian and Reid, R. Clay and Collman, Forrest and da Costa, Nuno Maçarico}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07780-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {448-458}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Inhibitory specificity from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortex}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Functional connectomics spanning multiple areas of mouse visual cortex. NATURE, 640(8058), 435-447. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the brain requires understanding neurons’ functional responses to the circuit architecture shaping them. Here we introduce the MICrONS functional connectomics dataset with dense calcium imaging of around 75,000 neurons in primary visual cortex (VISp) and higher visual areas (VISrl, VISal and VISlm) in an awake mouse that is viewing natural and synthetic stimuli. These data are co-registered with an electron microscopy reconstruction containing more than 200,000 cells and 0.5 billion synapses. Proofreading of a subset of neurons yielded reconstructions that include complete dendritic trees as well the local and inter-areal axonal projections that map up to thousands of cell-to-cell connections per neuron. Released as an open-access resource, this dataset includes the tools for data retrieval and analysis1,2. Accompanying studies describe its use for comprehensive characterization of cell types3–6, a synaptic level connectivity diagram of a cortical column4, and uncovering cell-type-specific inhibitory connectivity that can be linked to gene expression data4,7. Functionally, we identify new computational principles of how information is integrated across visual space8, characterize novel types of neuronal invariances9 and bring structure and function together to uncover a general principle for connectivity between excitatory neurons within and across areas10,11. Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08790-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {435-447}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Functional connectomics spanning multiple areas of mouse visual cortex}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Convergent vocal representations in parrot and human forebrain motor networks. NATURE, 640(8058), 427-434. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cortical networks for the production of spoken language in humans are organized by phonetic features1,2, such as articulatory parameters3,4 and vocal pitch5,6. Previous research has failed to find an equivalent forebrain representation in other species7–11. To investigate whether this functional organization is unique to humans, here we performed population recordings in the vocal production circuitry of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), a small parrot that can generate flexible vocal output12–15, including mimicked speech sounds16. Using high-density silicon probes17, we measured the song-related activity of a forebrain region, the central nucleus of the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which directly projects to brainstem phonatory motor neurons18–20. We found that AAC neurons form a functional vocal motor map that reflects the spectral properties of ongoing vocalizations. We did not observe this organizing principle in the corresponding forebrain circuitry of the zebra finch, a songbird capable of more limited vocal learning21. We further demonstrated that the AAC represents the production of distinct vocal features (for example, harmonic structure and broadband energy). Furthermore, we discovered an orderly representation of vocal pitch at the population level, with single neurons systematically selective for different frequency values. Taken together, we have uncovered a functional representation in a vertebrate brain that displays unprecedented commonalities with speech-related motor cortices in humans. This work therefore establishes the parrot as an important animal model for investigating speech motor control and for developing therapeutic solutions for addressing a range of communication disorders22,23. Using advanced brain-recording techniques, parrots were found to have a brain organization for vocal control similar to humans, making them an important model for studying speech and for developing potential treatments for communication disorders.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Zetian and Long, Michael A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08695-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {427-434}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Convergent vocal representations in parrot and human forebrain motor networks}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The somatic mutation landscape of normal gastric epithelium. NATURE, 640(8058), 418-426. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The landscapes of somatic mutation in normal cells inform us about the processes of mutation and selection operative throughout life, providing insight into normal ageing and the earliest stages of cancer development1. Here, by whole-genome sequencing of 238 microdissections2 from 30 individuals, including 18 with gastric cancer, we elucidate the developmental trajectories of normal and malignant gastric epithelium. We find that gastric glands are units of monoclonal cell populations that accrue roughly 28 somatic single-nucleotide variants per year, predominantly attributable to endogenous mutational processes. In individuals with gastric cancer, metaplastic glands often show elevated mutation burdens due to acceleration of mutational processes linked to proliferation and oxidative damage. Unusually for normal cells, gastric epithelial cells often carry recurrent trisomies of specific chromosomes, which are highly enriched in a subset of individuals. Surveying 829 polyclonal gastric microbiopsies by targeted sequencing, we find somatic ‘driver’ mutations in a distinctive repertoire of known cancer genes, including ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, CTNNB1 and KDM6A. The prevalence of mutant clones increases with age to occupy roughly 8% of the gastric epithelial lining by age 60 years and is significantly increased by the presence of severe chronic inflammation. Our findings provide insights into intrinsic and extrinsic influences on somatic evolution in the gastric epithelium in healthy, precancerous and malignant states. Whole-gene sequencing of microdissected gastric glands from individuals with and without gastric cancer reveals distinct patterns of somatic mutations and provides insights into influences on the somatic evolution of the gastric epithelium.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Coorens, Tim H. H. and Collord, Grace and Jung, Hyungchul and Wang, Yichen and Moore, Luiza and Hooks, Yvette and Mahbubani, Krishnaa and Law, Simon Y. K. and Yan, Helen H. N. and Yuen, Siu Tsan and Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh and Campbell, Peter J. and Martincorena, Iñigo and Leung, Suet Yi and Stratton, Michael R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08708-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {418-426}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The somatic mutation landscape of normal gastric epithelium}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Leveraging a phased pangenome for haplotype design of hybrid potato. NATURE, 640(8058), 408-417. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The tetraploid genome and clonal propagation of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)1,2 dictate a slow, non-accumulative breeding mode of the most important tuber crop. Transitioning potato breeding to a seed-propagated hybrid system based on diploid inbred lines has the potential to greatly accelerate its improvement3. Crucially, the development of inbred lines is impeded by manifold deleterious variants; explaining their nature and finding ways to eliminate them is the current focus of hybrid potato research4–10. However, most published diploid potato genomes are unphased, concealing crucial information on haplotype diversity and heterozygosity11–13. Here we develop a phased potato pangenome graph of 60 haplotypes from cultivated diploids and the ancestral wild species, and find evidence for the prevalence of transposable elements in generating structural variants. Compared with the linear reference, the graph pangenome represents a broader diversity (3,076 Mb versus 742 Mb). Notably, we observe enhanced heterozygosity in cultivated diploids compared with wild ones (14.0% versus 9.5%), indicating extensive hybridization during potato domestication. Using conservative criteria, we identify 19,625 putatively deleterious structural variants (dSVs) and reveal a biased accumulation of deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (dSNPs) around dSVs in coupling phase. Based on the graph pangenome, we computationally design ideal potato haplotypes with minimal dSNPs and dSVs. These advances provide critical insights into the genomic basis of clonal propagation and will guide breeders to develop a suite of promising inbred lines. A phased pangenome of potato constructed from 60 wild and cultivated haplotypes shows that substantial hybridization occurred during domestication and enables identification of many putative deleterious variants, providing a basis for the design of improved inbred lines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cheng, Lin and Wang, Nan and Bao, Zhigui and Zhou, Qian and Guarracino, Andrea and Yang, Yuting and Wang, Pei and Zhang, Zhiyang and Tang, Dié and Zhang, Pingxian and Wu, Yaoyao and Zhou, Yao and Zheng, Yi and Hu, Yong and Lian, Qun and Ma, Zhaoxu and Lassois, Ludivine and Zhang, Chunzhi and Lucas, William J. and Garrison, Erik and Stein, Nils and Städler, Thomas and Zhou, Yongfeng and Huang, Sanwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08476-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {408-417}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Leveraging a phased pangenome for haplotype design of hybrid potato}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Humans in africa’s wet tropical forests 150 thousand years ago. NATURE, 640(8058), 402-407. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Humans emerged across Africa shortly before 300 thousand years ago (ka)1–3. Although this pan-African evolutionary process implicates diverse environments in the human story, the role of tropical forests remains poorly understood. Here we report a clear association between late Middle Pleistocene material culture and a wet tropical forest in southern Côte d’Ivoire, a region of present-day rainforest. Twinned optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating methods constrain the onset of human occupations at Bété I to around 150 ka, linking them with Homo sapiens. Plant wax biomarker, stable isotope, phytolith and pollen analyses of associated sediments all point to a wet forest environment. The results represent the oldest yet known clear association between humans and this habitat type. The secure attribution of stone tool assemblages with the wet forest environment demonstrates that Africa’s forests were not a major ecological barrier for H. sapiens as early as around 150 ka. The identification of tools dated to the time of Homo sapiens associated with microfloral evidence of wet tropical forests indicates that West African forests were occupied by humans much earlier in human evolution than previously thought.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ben Arous, Eslem and Blinkhorn, James A. and Elliott, Sarah and Kiahtipes, Christopher A. and N’zi, Charles D. and Bateman, Mark D. and Duval, Mathieu and Roberts, Patrick and Patalano, Robert and Blackwood, Alexander F. and Niang, Khady and Kouamé, Eugénie Affoua and Lebato, Edith and Hallett, Emily and Cerasoni, Jacopo N. and Scott, Erin and Ilgner, Jana and Alonso Escarza, Maria Jesús and Guédé, Francois Yodé and Scerri, Eleanor M. L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08613-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {402-407}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Humans in africa’s wet tropical forests 150 thousand years ago}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species. NATURE, 640(8058), 395-401. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trees are an important carbon sink as they accumulate biomass through photosynthesis1. Identifying tree species that grow fast is therefore commonly considered to be essential for effective climate change mitigation through forest planting. Although species characteristics are key information for plantation design and forest management, field studies often fail to detect clear relationships between species functional traits and tree growth2. Here, by consolidating four independent datasets and classifying the acquisitive and conservative species based on their functional trait values, we show that acquisitive tree species, which are supposedly fast-growing species, generally grow slowly in field conditions. This discrepancy between the current paradigm and field observations is explained by the interactions with environmental conditions that influence growth. Acquisitive species require moist mild climates and fertile soils, conditions that are generally not met in the field. By contrast, conservative species, which are supposedly slow-growing species, show generally higher realized growth due to their ability to tolerate unfavourable environmental conditions. In general, conservative tree species grow more steadily than acquisitive tree species in non-tropical forests. We recommend planting acquisitive tree species in areas where they can realize their fast-growing potential. In other regions, where environmental stress is higher, conservative tree species have a larger potential to fix carbon in their biomass. Under field conditions, acquisitive tree species generally grow slowly, whereas conservative species show generally higher realized growth, owing to their ability to tolerate unfavourable environmental conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Augusto, L. and Borelle, R. and Boča, A. and Bon, L. and Orazio, C. and Arias-González, A. and Bakker, M. R. and Gartzia-Bengoetxea, N. and Auge, H. and Bernier, F. and Cantero, A. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Correia, A. H. and De Schrijver, A. and Diez-Casero, J. J. and Eisenhauer, N. and Fotelli, M. N. and Gâteblé, G. and Godbold, D. L. and Gomes-Caetano-Ferreira, M. and Gundale, M. J. and Jactel, H. and Koricheva, J. and Larsson, M. and Laudicina, V. A. and Legout, A. and Martín-García, J. and Mason, W. L. and Meredieu, C. and Mereu, S. and Montgomery, R. A. and Musch, B. and Muys, B. and Paillassa, E. and Paquette, A. and Parker, J. D. and Parker, W. C. and Ponette, Q. and Reynolds, C. and Rozados-Lorenzo, M. J. and Ruiz-Peinado, R. and Santesteban-Insausti, X. and Scherer-Lorenzen, M. and Silva-Pando, F. J. and Smolander, A. and Spyroglou, G. and Teixeira-Barcelos, E. B. and Vanguelova, E. I. and Verheyen, K. and Vesterdal, L. and Charru, M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08692-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {395-401}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Formation and composition of earth’s hadean protocrust. NATURE, 640(8058), 390-394. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although Earth, together with other terrestrial planets, must have had an early-formed protocrust, the chemical composition of this crust has received little attention. The protocrust was extracted from an extensive magma ocean formed by accretion and melting of asteroidal bodies1. Both experimental and chronological data suggest that the silicate melt ascending from this magma ocean formed in equilibrium with, or after, metal was extracted to form Earth’s core. Here we show that a protocrust formed under these conditions would have had incompatible (with respect to silicate minerals) trace-element characteristics remarkably similar to those of the current average continental crust. This has major implications for subsequent planetary evolution. Many geochemical arguments for when and how plate tectonics began implicitly assume that subduction is required to produce the continental trace-element signature. These arguments are severely compromised if this signature was already a feature of the Hadean protocrust. A modelling study shows that the trace-element composition of Earth’s Hadean protocrust is similar to that of the current average continental crust, severely compromising geochemical arguments for when and how plate tectonics began.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Turner, Simon and Wood, Bernard and Johnson, Tim and O’Neill, Craig and Bourdon, Bernard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08719-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {390-394}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Formation and composition of earth’s hadean protocrust}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deconstruction of rubber via C–H amination and aza-cope rearrangement. NATURE, 640(8058), 384-389. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Limited strategies exist for chemical recycling of commodity diene polymers, like those found in tyres1–3. Here we apply C–H amination and backbone rearrangement of polymers to deconstruct these materials into precursors for epoxy resins. Specifically, we develop a sulfur diimide reagent4,5 that enables up to about 35% allylic amination of diene polymers and rubber. Then, we apply the cationic 2-aza-Cope rearrangement to deconstruct aminated diene polymers. In a model system, we see molecular weight reduction from 58,100 to approximately 400 g mol−1, and aminated post-consumer rubber is deconstructed over 6 hours into soluble amine-functionalized polymers, which can be utilized to prepare epoxy thermosets with similar stiffnesses to commercial bisphenol A-derived resins6. Altogether, this work demonstrates the power of C–H amination and backbone rearrangement to enable chemical recycling of post-consumer materials. Deconstruction of rubber is achieved using C–H amination and aza-Cope rearrangement to provide precursors for epoxy resins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Towell, Sydney E. and Ratushnyy, Maxim and Cooke, Lauren S. and Lewis, Geoffrey M. and Zhukhovitskiy, Aleksandr V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08716-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {384-389}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deconstruction of rubber via C–H amination and aza-cope rearrangement}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A non-contact wearable device for monitoring epidermal molecular flux. NATURE, 640(8058), 375-383. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Existing wearable technologies rely on physical coupling to the body to establish optical1,2, fluidic3,4, thermal5,6 and/or mechanical7,8 measurement interfaces. Here we present a class of wearable device platforms that instead relies on physical decoupling to define an enclosed chamber immediately adjacent to the skin surface. Streams of vapourized molecular substances that pass out of or into the skin alter the properties of the microclimate defined in this chamber in ways that can be precisely quantified using an integrated collection of wireless sensors. A programmable, bistable valve dynamically controls access to the surrounding environment, thereby creating a transient response that can be quantitatively related to the inward and outward fluxes of the targeted species by analysing the time-dependent readings from the sensors. The systems reported here offer unique capabilities in measuring the flux of water vapour, volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide from various locations on the body, each with distinct relevance to clinical care and/or exposure to hazardous vapours. Studies of healing processes associated with dermal wounds in models of healthy and diabetic mice and of responses in models using infected wounds reveal characteristic flux variations that provide important insights, particularly in scenarios in which the non-contact operation of the devices avoids potential damage to fragile tissues. A non-contact wearable device that defines and modulates a microclimate adjacent to the skin can measure incoming and outgoing streams of vapourized substances, offering valuable insights into physiological health, wound healing and environmental exposures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shin, Jaeho and Song, Joseph Woojin and Flavin, Matthew Thomas and Cho, Seunghee and Li, Shupeng and Tan, Ansen and Pyun, Kyung Rok and Huang, Aaron G and Wang, Huifeng and Jeong, Seongmin and Madsen, Kenneth E. and Trueb, Jacob and Kim, Mirae and Nguyen, Katelynn and Yang, Angela and Hsu, Yaching and Sung, Winnie and Lee, Jiwon and Phyo, Sooyeol and Kim, Ji-Hoon and Banks, Anthony and Chang, Jan-Kai and Paller, Amy S. and Huang, Yonggang and Ameer, Guillermo A. and Rogers, John A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08825-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {375-383}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A non-contact wearable device for monitoring epidermal molecular flux}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Universal photonic artificial intelligence acceleration. NATURE, 640(8058), 368-374. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Over the past decade, photonics research has explored accelerated tensor operations, foundational to artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning1–4, as a path towards enhanced energy efficiency and performance5–14. The field is centrally motivated by finding alternative technologies to extend computational progress in a post-Moore’s law and Dennard scaling era15–19. Despite these advances, no photonic chip has achieved the precision necessary for practical AI applications, and demonstrations have been limited to simplified benchmark tasks. Here we introduce a photonic AI processor that executes advanced AI models, including ResNet3 and BERT20,21, along with the Atari deep reinforcement learning algorithm originally demonstrated by DeepMind22. This processor achieves near-electronic precision for many workloads, marking a notable entry for photonic computing into competition with established electronic AI accelerators23 and an essential step towards developing post-transistor computing technologies. A photonic processor capable of running advanced artificial intelligence models with near-electronic precision is introduced, marking a substantial step towards post-transistor computing technologies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ahmed, Sufi R. and Baghdadi, Reza and Bernadskiy, Mikhail and Bowman, Nate and Braid, Ryan and Carr, Jim and Chen, Chen and Ciccarella, Pietro and Cole, Matthew and Cooke, John and Desai, Kishor and Dorta, Carlos and Elmhurst, Jonathan and Gardiner, Bryce and Greenwald, Elliot and Gupta, Shashank and Husbands, Parry and Jones, Brian and Kopa, Anthony and Lee, Ho John and Madhavan, Arulselvan and Mendrela, Adam and Moore, Nicholas and Nair, Lakshmi and Om, Aditya and Patel, Subie and Patro, Rutayan and Pellowski, Rob and Radhakrishnani, Esha and Sane, Sandeep and Sarkis, Nicholas and Stadolnik, Joe and Tymchenko, Mykhailo and Wang, Gongyu and Winikka, Kurt and Wleklinski, Alexandra and Zelman, Josh and Ho, Richard and Jain, Ritesh and Basumallik, Ayon and Bunandar, Darius and Harris, Nicholas C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08854-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {368-374}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Universal photonic artificial intelligence acceleration}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency. NATURE, 640(8058), 361-367. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Integrated photonics, particularly silicon photonics, have emerged as cutting-edge technology driven by promising applications such as short-reach communications, autonomous driving, biosensing and photonic computing1–4. As advances in AI lead to growing computing demands, photonic computing has gained considerable attention as an appealing candidate. Nonetheless, there are substantial technical challenges in the scaling up of integrated photonics systems to realize these advantages, such as ensuring consistent performance gains in upscaled integrated device clusters, establishing standard designs and verification processes for complex circuits, as well as packaging large-scale systems. These obstacles arise primarily because of the relative immaturity of integrated photonics manufacturing and the scarcity of advanced packaging solutions involving photonics. Here we report a large-scale integrated photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 photonic components. The accelerator is designed to deliver standard linear matrix multiply–accumulate (MAC) functions, enabling computing with high speed up to 1 GHz frequency and low latency as small as 3 ns per cycle. Logic, memory and control functions that support photonic matrix MAC operations were designed into a cointegrated electronics chip. To seamlessly integrate the electronics and photonics chips at the commercial scale, we have made use of an innovative 2.5D hybrid advanced packaging approach. Through the development of this accelerator system, we demonstrate an ultralow computation latency for heuristic solvers of computationally hard Ising problems whose performance greatly relies on the computing latency. A large-scale photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 components integrated on a single chip to process MAC operations is described, demonstrating ultralow latency and reduced computing time compared with a commercially available GPU.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hua, Shiyue and Divita, Erwan and Yu, Shanshan and Peng, Bo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Su, Zhan and Chen, Zhang and Bai, Yanfei and Zou, Jinghui and Zhu, Yunpeng and Xu, Yelong and Lu, Cheng-kuan and Di, Yuemiao and Chen, Hui and Jiang, Lushan and Wang, Lijie and Ou, Longwu and Zhang, Chaohong and Chen, Junjie and Zhang, Wen and Zhu, Hongyan and Kuang, Weijun and Wang, Long and Meng, Huaiyu and Steinman, Maurice and Shen, Yichen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {361-367}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fluctuating magnetism and pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene. NATURE, 640(8058), 355-360. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnetism typically arises from the effect of exchange interactions on highly localized fermionic wavefunctions in f- and d-atomic orbitals. By contrast, in rhombohedral multilayer graphene (RMG), magnetism—manifesting as spontaneous polarization into one or more spin and valley flavours1–7—originates from itinerant electrons near a Van Hove singularity. Here we show experimentally that the electronic entropy in this system indicates signatures typically associated with disordered local magnetic moments, unexpected for electrons in a fully itinerant metal. Specifically, we find a contribution ΔS ≈ 1 kB per charge carrier that begins at the Curie temperature and survives more than one order of magnitude in temperature. First-order phase transitions show an isospin ‘Pomeranchuk effect’ in which the fluctuating moment phase is entropically favoured over the nearby symmetric Fermi liquid8,9. Our results imply that, despite the itinerant nature of the electron wavefunctions, the spin and valley polarization of individual electrons is decoupled, a phenomenon typically associated with localized moments, as happens, for example, in solid 3He (ref. 10). Transport measurements, surprisingly, show a finite-temperature resistance minimum in the fluctuating moment regime, which we attribute to the interplay of fluctuating magnetic moments and electron–phonon scattering. Our results highlight the universality of soft isospin modes to two-dimensional flat-band systems. Itinerant magnetism in rhombohedral multilayer graphene shows a large excess entropy from magnetic fluctuations above its critical temperature—typically only associated with local moments—which implies the decoupling of charge and isospin degrees of freedom, and results in the isospin Pomeranchuk effect.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Holleis, Ludwig and Xie, Tian and Xu, Siyuan and Zhou, Haoxin and Patterson, Caitlin L. and Panigrahi, Archisman and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Levitov, Leonid S. and Jin, Chenhao and Berg, Erez and Young, Andrea F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08725-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {355-360}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fluctuating magnetism and pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Unconventional magnons in collinear magnets dictated by spin space groups. NATURE, 640(8058), 349-354. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Magnonic systems provide a fertile playground for bosonic topology1, for example, Dirac2–6 and Weyl7,8 magnons, leading to a variety of exotic phenomena such as charge-free topologically protected boundary modes6,7, the magnon thermal Hall effect9 and the magnon spin Nernst effect10. However, their understanding has been hindered by the absence of fundamental symmetry descriptions of magnetic geometries and spin Hamiltonians primarily governed by isotropic Heisenberg interactions. The ensuing magnon dispersions enable gapless magnon band nodes that go beyond the scenario of representation theory of the magnetic space groups11,12, thus referred to as unconventional magnons. Here we developed spin space group13–17 theory to elucidate collinear magnetic configurations, classifying the 1,421 collinear spin space groups into 4 types, constructing their band representations and providing a comprehensive tabulation of unconventional magnons, such as duodecuple points, octuple nodal lines and charge-4 octuple points. On the basis of the MAGNDATA database18, we identified 498 collinear magnets with unconventional magnons, among which more than 200 magnon band structures were obtained by using first-principles calculations and linear spin wave theory. In addition, we evaluated the influence of the spin–orbit-coupling-induced exchange interaction in these magnets and found that more than 80 per cent are predominantly governed by the Heisenberg interactions, indicating that the spin space group serves as an ideal framework for describing magnon band nodes in most 3d, 4d and half-filled 4f collinear magnets. Spin space group theory is applied to identify more than 200 collinear magnets with unconventional magnons; high-throughput calculations with spin–orbit coupling find that most of these unconventional magnets are dictated by the Heisenberg exchange interaction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Xiaobing and Liu, Yuntian and Liu, Pengfei and Yu, Yutong and Ren, Jun and Li, Jiayu and Zhang, Ao and Liu, Qihang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08715-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {349-354}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Unconventional magnons in collinear magnets dictated by spin space groups}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Certified randomness using a trapped-ion quantum processor. NATURE, 640(8058), 343-348. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although quantum computers can perform a wide range of practically important tasks beyond the abilities of classical computers1,2, realizing this potential remains a challenge. An example is to use an untrusted remote device to generate random bits that can be certified to contain a certain amount of entropy3. Certified randomness has many applications but is impossible to achieve solely by classical computation. Here we demonstrate the generation of certifiably random bits using the 56-qubit Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion quantum computer accessed over the Internet. Our protocol leverages the classical hardness of recent random circuit sampling demonstrations4,5: a client generates quantum ‘challenge’ circuits using a small randomness seed, sends them to an untrusted quantum server to execute and verifies the results of the server. We analyse the security of our protocol against a restricted class of realistic near-term adversaries. Using classical verification with measured combined sustained performance of 1.1 × 1018 floating-point operations per second across multiple supercomputers, we certify 71,313 bits of entropy under this restricted adversary and additional assumptions. Our results demonstrate a step towards the practical applicability of present-day quantum computers. Certifiably random bits can be generated using the 56-qubit Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion quantum computer accessed over the Internet.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Minzhao and Shaydulin, Ruslan and Niroula, Pradeep and DeCross, Matthew and Hung, Shih-Han and Kon, Wen Yu and Cervero-Martín, Enrique and Chakraborty, Kaushik and Amer, Omar and Aaronson, Scott and Acharya, Atithi and Alexeev, Yuri and Berg, K. Jordan and Chakrabarti, Shouvanik and Curchod, Florian J. and Dreiling, Joan M. and Erickson, Neal and Foltz, Cameron and Foss-Feig, Michael and Hayes, David and Humble, Travis S. and Kumar, Niraj and Larson, Jeffrey and Lykov, Danylo and Mills, Michael and Moses, Steven A. and Neyenhuis, Brian and Eloul, Shaltiel and Siegfried, Peter and Walker, James and Lim, Charles and Pistoia, Marco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08737-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {343-348}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Certified randomness using a trapped-ion quantum processor}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Acoustic modes in m67 cluster stars trace deepening convective envelopes. NATURE, 640(8058), 338-342. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Acoustic oscillations in stars are sensitive to stellar interiors1. Frequency differences between overtone modes—large separations—probe stellar density2, whereas differences between low-degree modes—small separations—probe the sound-speed gradient in the energy-generating core of main-sequence Sun-like stars3, and hence their ages. At later phases of stellar evolution, characterized by inert cores, small separations are believed to lose much of their power to probe deep interiors and become proportional to large separations4,5. Here we present evidence of a rapidly evolving convective zone as stars evolve from the subgiant phase into red giants. By measuring acoustic oscillations in 27 stars from the open cluster M67, we observe deviations of proportionality between small and large separations, which are caused by the influence of the bottom of the convective envelope. These deviations become apparent as the convective envelope penetrates deep into the star during subgiant and red giant evolutions, eventually entering an ultradeep regime that leads to the red-giant-branch luminosity bump. The tight sequence of cluster stars, free of large spreads in ages and fundamental properties, is essential for revealing the connection between the observed small separations and the chemical discontinuities occurring at the bottom of the convective envelope. We use this sequence to show that combining large and small separations can improve estimations of the masses and ages of field stars well after the main sequence. Measuring acoustic oscillations in 27 stars within the M67 cluster presents evidence of a rapidly evolving convective zone as stars evolve from subgiants to red giants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reyes, Claudia and Stello, Dennis and Ong, Joel and Lindsay, Christopher and Hon, Marc and Bedding, Timothy R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08760-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {338-342}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Acoustic modes in m67 cluster stars trace deepening convective envelopes}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Intersectional analysis for science and technology. NATURE, 640(8058), 329-337. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intersectionality describes interdependent systems of inequality related to sex, gender, race, age, class and other socio-political dimensions. By focusing on the compounded effects of social categories, intersectional analysis can enhance the accuracy and experimental efficiency of science. Here we extend intersectional approaches that were predominantly developed in the humanities, social sciences and public health to the fields of natural science and technology, where this type of analysis is less established. Informed by diverse global and disciplinary examples—from enhancing facial recognition for diverse user bases to mitigating the disproportionate impact of climate change on marginalized populations—we extract methods to demonstrate how quantitative intersectional analysis functions throughout the research process, from strategic considerations for establishing research priorities to formulating research questions, collecting and analysing data and interpreting results. Our goal is to offer a set of guidelines for researchers, peer-reviewed journals and funding agencies that facilitate systematic integration of intersectional analysis into relevant domains of science and technology. Precision in research best guides effective social and environmental policy aimed at achieving global equity and sustainability. This Perspective offers a guide for researchers, peer-reviewed journals and funding agencies to make quantitative intersectional approaches a standard part of science and technology research design, where relevant, in efforts to enhance precision in science, and ultimately global equity and environmental sustainability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nielsen, Mathias Wullum and Gissi, Elena and Heidari, Shirin and Horton, Richard and Nadeau, Kari C. and Ngila, Dorothy and Noble, Safiya Umoja and Paik, Hee Young and Tadesse, Girmaw Abebe and Zeng, Eddy Y. and Zou, James and Schiebinger, Londa}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08774-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {329-337}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Intersectional analysis for science and technology}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bird brains help scientists to unveil the secrets of speech. NATURE, 640(8058), 326-327. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neural recordings from parrots and songbirds reveal the ways in which vocal production is encoded in the brain, highlighting remarkable similarities between how parrots and humans learn to produce sounds. Neural underpinnings of vocalization in zebra finches and budgerigars.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Neunuebel, Joshua}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00680-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {326-327}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bird brains help scientists to unveil the secrets of speech}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What is the best type of tree to use for forest restoration?. NATURE, 640(8058), 325-326. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In forest experiments, tree species capable of high rates of photosynthesis grow more slowly than species with lower maximum rates of photosynthesis — with implications for tree-planting projects. In forest experiments, tree species capable of high rates of photosynthesis grow more slowly than species with lower maximum rates of photosynthesis — with implications for tree-planting projects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zuidema, Pieter A. and Lohbeck, Madelon}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00802-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {325-326}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What is the best type of tree to use for forest restoration?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Photonic chips provide a processing boost for AI. NATURE, 640(8058), 323-325. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Computer processors that exploit both electricity and light could improve the performance of artificial-intelligence systems while consuming less energy. Hybrid electronic–photonic processors boost AI performance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rizzo, Anthony}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00907-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {323-325}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Photonic chips provide a processing boost for AI}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mutations that accrue through life set the stage for stomach cancer. NATURE, 640(8058), 322-323. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Comprehensive maps of mutations in healthy and diseased gastric tissue give clues about how cancer arises and could inform early-detection strategies. Comprehensive maps of mutations in healthy and diseased gastric tissue give clues about how cancer arises and could inform early-detection strategies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Oddy, Callum and Jansen, Marnix}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00803-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {322-323}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mutations that accrue through life set the stage for stomach cancer}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Skin wound healing measured remotely through molecular flux. NATURE, 640(8058), 321-322. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A non-contact wearable device measures the skin’s ‘microclimate’ for continuous, real-time monitoring of wounds and wound healing. Non-contact monitoring of the skin’s ‘microclimate’ aids wound healing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Kellen and Gurtner, Geoffrey C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00906-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {321-322}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Skin wound healing measured remotely through molecular flux}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cannabis studies were informing fundamental neuroscience in the 1970s. NATURE, 640(8058), 320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research on cannabis was hotting up 50 years ago, and accessible lectures on the physics of matter from Nobel laureate William Bragg, in this week’s dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00916-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cannabis studies were informing fundamental neuroscience in the 1970s}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A map of neural signals and circuits traces the logic of brain computation. NATURE, 640(8058), 319-321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A large consortium of scientists adds functional data to neuronal wiring maps, seeking to crack the computational circuitry of the mouse brain. A large consortium of scientists adds functional data to neuronal wiring maps, seeking to crack the computational circuitry of the mouse brain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Petkova, Mariela D. and Schuhknecht, Gregor F. P.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00908-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {319-321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A map of neural signals and circuits traces the logic of brain computation}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Europe needs to step up on epidemic preparedness. NATURE, 640(8058), 318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ewbank, Jonathan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01040-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Europe needs to step up on epidemic preparedness}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The US is against the world on sustainable development. NATURE, 640(8058), 318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lafortune, Guillaume and Sachs, Jeffrey D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01041-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The US is against the world on sustainable development}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Europe must grasp chance to become a scientific powerhouse. NATURE, 640(8058), 318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {MacGregor, Oskar and Lamb, Maurice}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01042-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Europe must grasp chance to become a scientific powerhouse}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Countries must consider their global footprint when using natural resources. NATURE, 640(8058), 318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Plagányi, Éva}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01043-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Countries must consider their global footprint when using natural resources}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science’s big problem is a loss of influence, not a loss of trust. NATURE, 640(8058), 314-317. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evidence shows that science and scientists remain highly trusted. But genuine scientific voices are not shouting loud enough over the noise to hold sway. Evidence shows that science and scientists remain highly trusted. But genuine scientific voices are not shouting loud enough over the noise to hold sway.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Larson, Heidi J. and Bersoff, David M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01068-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {314-317}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science’s big problem is a loss of influence, not a loss of trust}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why an overreliance on AI-driven modelling is bad for science. NATURE, 640(8058), 312-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Without clear protocols to catch errors, artificial intelligence’s growing role in science could do more harm than good. Without clear protocols to catch errors, artificial intelligence’s growing role in science could do more harm than good.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Narayanan, Arvind and Kapoor, Sayash}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01067-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {312-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why an overreliance on AI-driven modelling is bad for science}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The life aquatic: This board game lets you dip into marine ecology. NATURE, 640(8058), 309-310. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Finspan is visually stunning and brilliantly captures the intricacies of the ocean’s ecosystems. Finspan is visually stunning and brilliantly captures the intricacies of the ocean’s ecosystems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chuang, Angela and Schwery, Orlando}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01066-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {309-310}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The life aquatic: This board game lets you dip into marine ecology}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbial warfare brought us CRISPR. what big breakthroughs could be next?. NATURE, 640(8058), 306-308. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gene editing and many other useful biotechnology tools came from studies of bacteria fighting off viral invaders. But scientists have only begun to unlock the secrets of this ancient arms race. Gene editing and many other useful biotechnology tools came from studies of bacteria fighting off viral invaders. But scientists have only begun to unlock the secrets of this ancient arms race.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dance, Amber}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01065-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {306-308}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbial warfare brought us CRISPR. what big breakthroughs could be next?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cells are swapping their mitochondria. what does this mean for our health?. NATURE, 640(8058), 302-304. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are studying why the energy factories are moving between cells and whether the process can be harnessed to treat cancer and other diseases. Researchers are studying why the energy factories are moving between cells and whether the process can be harnessed to treat cancer and other diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01064-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {302-304}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cells are swapping their mitochondria. what does this mean for our health?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How europe aims to woo US scientists and protect academic freedom. NATURE, 640(8058), 300. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The European Union’s new research chief Ekaterina Zaharieva speaks to Nature about attracting disaffected US scientists and cutting grant bureaucracy. The European Union’s new research chief Ekaterina Zaharieva speaks to Nature about attracting disaffected US scientists and cutting grant bureaucracy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Matthews, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01002-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {300}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How europe aims to woo US scientists and protect academic freedom}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deadly myanmar earthquake was probably a rare rupture, scientists say. NATURE, 640(8058), 296-297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Supershear’ quake moved fast and far, amplifying the damage and human toll. ‘Supershear’ quake moved fast and far, amplifying the damage and human toll.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00997-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {296-297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deadly myanmar earthquake was probably a rare rupture, scientists say}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘One of the darkest days’: NIH purges agency leadership amid mass lay-offs. NATURE, 640(8058), 293-294. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In shock move, four institute directors at the US biomedical agency are removed from their posts. In shock move, four institute directors at the US biomedical agency are removed from their posts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01016-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {293-294}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘One of the darkest days’: NIH purges agency leadership amid mass lay-offs}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Revealed: Where rare and giant starfish hide from an enigmatic killer. NATURE, 640(8058), 291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The sunflower star, which can be bigger than a hubcap, escapes a wasting disease by hunkering down in fjords. The sunflower star, which can be bigger than a hubcap, escapes a wasting disease by hunkering down in fjords.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00970-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Revealed: Where rare and giant starfish hide from an enigmatic killer}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solar cells made of moon dust could power up a lunar base. NATURE, 640(8058), 291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lunar soil processed to form ‘moonglass’ allows the creation of efficient, radiation-resistant solar panels. Lunar soil processed to form ‘moonglass’ allows the creation of efficient, radiation-resistant solar panels.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00971-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solar cells made of moon dust could power up a lunar base}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). El niños that linger are becoming less of a rarity. NATURE, 640(8058), 291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Multi-year episodes of the climatic pattern are much more frequent now than they were seven millennia ago. Multi-year episodes of the climatic pattern are much more frequent now than they were seven millennia ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00972-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {El niños that linger are becoming less of a rarity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What if human blood were toxic to mosquitoes? a drug can make it so. NATURE, 640(8058), 291. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A single dose of the drug nitisinone could render a person’s blood lethal to mosquitoes for five days, modelling suggests. A single dose of the drug nitisinone could render a person’s blood lethal to mosquitoes for five days, modelling suggests.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00973-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {291}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What if human blood were toxic to mosquitoes? a drug can make it so}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Now is not the time for despair’ — How scientists can take a stand against political interference. NATURE, 640(8058), 290. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lessons from environmental and other social movements can help researchers to protect scientific integrity from attack. Lessons from environmental and other social movements can help researchers to protect scientific integrity from attack.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tormos-Aponte, Fernando}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01062-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {290}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Now is not the time for despair’ — How scientists can take a stand against political interference}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why more AI researchers should collaborate with governments. NATURE, 640(8058), 289. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Academics can drive policy innovation — but they must shift their focus from publishing papers to creating practical products. Academics can drive policy innovation — but they must shift their focus from publishing papers to creating practical products.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ibrahim, Mohamed}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01063-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {289}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why more AI researchers should collaborate with governments}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Asilomar conference took courage and foresight — Today, inclusivity would also be crucial. NATURE, 640(8058), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The 50th anniversary of a landmark biosafety conference is an opportunity to ensure its spirit lives on in today’s scientists. The 50th anniversary of a landmark biosafety conference is an opportunity to ensure its spirit lives on in today’s scientists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01009-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Asilomar conference took courage and foresight — Today, inclusivity would also be crucial}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why it’s time the united nations is led by a woman. NATURE, 640(8058), 287-288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With efforts towards gender equality stalling, voting in a first female head of the UN would provide powerful representation for half the world’s population — and be good for all of it. With efforts towards gender equality stalling, voting in a first female head of the UN would provide powerful representation for half the world’s population — and be good for all of it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01008-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8058}, pages = {287-288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why it’s time the united nations is led by a woman}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 75% of US scientists who answered nature poll consider leaving. NATURE, 640(8058), 298-299. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More than 1,600 readers answered our poll; many said they were looking for jobs in Europe and Canada. More than 1,600 readers answered our poll; many said they were looking for jobs in Europe and Canada.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00938-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8058}, pages = {298-299}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {75% of US scientists who answered nature poll consider leaving}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AlphaFold is running out of data — So drug firms are building their own version. NATURE, 640(8058), 297-298. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Thousands of 3D protein structures locked up in big-pharma vaults will be used to create a new AI tool that won’t be open to academics. Thousands of 3D protein structures locked up in big-pharma vaults will be used to create a new AI tool that won’t be open to academics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00868-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8058}, pages = {297-298}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AlphaFold is running out of data — So drug firms are building their own version}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain implant translates thoughts to speech in an instant. NATURE, 640(8058), 295-296. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Improvements to brain–computer interfaces are bringing the technology closer to natural conversational speed. Improvements to brain–computer interfaces are bringing the technology closer to natural conversational speed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01001-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8058}, pages = {295-296}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain implant translates thoughts to speech in an instant}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can trauma from violence be genetically inherited? scientists debate syria refugee study. NATURE, 640(8058), 294-295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study finds genetic imprints in three generations of Syrian refugees. Researchers urge caution in interpreting findings and call for replication. Study finds genetic imprints in three generations of Syrian refugees. Researchers urge caution in interpreting findings and call for replication.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00937-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8058}, pages = {294-295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can trauma from violence be genetically inherited? scientists debate syria refugee study}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT. NATURE, 640(8057), E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08836-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Endocytosis in the axon initial segment maintains neuronal polarity. NATURE, 640(8057), E2. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eichel, Kelsie and Uenaka, Takeshi and Belapurkar, Vivek and Lu, Rui and Cheng, Shouqiang and Pak, Joseph S. and Taylor, Caitlin A. and Südhof, Thomas C. and Malenka, Robert and Wernig, Marius and Özkan, Engin and Perrais, David and Shen, Kang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08837-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {E2}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Endocytosis in the axon initial segment maintains neuronal polarity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: B-cell-specific checkpoint molecules that regulate anti-tumour immunity. NATURE, 640(8057), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bod, Lloyd and Kye, Yoon-Chul and Shi, Jingwen and Torlai Triglia, Elena and Schnell, Alexandra and Fessler, Johannes and Ostrowski, Stephen M. and Von-Franque, Max Y. and Kuchroo, Juhi R. and Barilla, Rocky M. and Zaghouani, Sarah and Christian, Elena and Delorey, Toni Marie and Mohib, Kanishka and Xiao, Sheng and Slingerland, Nadine and Giuliano, Christopher J. and Ashenberg, Orr and Li, Zhaorong and Rothstein, David M. and Fisher, David E. and Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit and Sharpe, Arlene H. and Quintana, Francisco J. and Apetoh, Lionel and Regev, Aviv and Kuchroo, Vijay K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08858-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: B-cell-specific checkpoint molecules that regulate anti-tumour immunity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cryptic pocket in CB1 drives peripheral and functional selectivity. NATURE, 640(8057), 265-273. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The current opioid overdose epidemic highlights the urgent need to develop safer and more effective treatments for chronic pain1. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is a promising non-opioid target for pain relief, but its clinical use has been limited by centrally mediated psychoactivity and tolerance. We overcame both issues by designing peripherally restricted CB1 agonists that minimize arrestin recruitment. We achieved these goals by computationally designing positively charged derivatives of the potent CB1 agonist MDMB-Fubinaca2. We designed these ligands to occupy a cryptic pocket identified through molecular dynamics simulations—an extended binding pocket that opens rarely and leads to the conserved signalling residue D2.50 (ref. 3). We used structure determination, pharmacological assays and molecular dynamics simulations to verify the binding modes of these ligands and to determine the molecular mechanism by which they achieve this dampening of arrestin recruitment. Our lead ligand, VIP36, is highly peripherally restricted and demonstrates notable efficacy in three mouse pain models, with 100-fold dose separation between analgesic efficacy and centrally mediated side effects. VIP36 exerts analgesic efficacy through peripheral CB1 receptors and shows limited analgesic tolerance. These results show how targeting a cryptic pocket in a G-protein-coupled receptor can lead to enhanced peripheral selectivity, biased signalling, desired in vivo pharmacology and reduced adverse effects. This has substantial implications for chronic pain treatment but could also revolutionize the design of drugs targeting other G-protein-coupled receptors. A peripherally restricted CB1 agonist (VIP36) targeting a cryptic receptor pocket was developed, showing high efficacy in mouse pain models with minimal side effects and tolerance, potentially revolutionizing chronic pain treatment and GPCR drug design.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rangari, Vipin Ashok and O’Brien, Evan S. and Powers, Alexander S. and Slivicki, Richard A. and Bertels, Zachariah and Appourchaux, Kevin and Aydin, Deniz and Ramos-Gonzalez, Nokomis and Mwirigi, Juliet and Lin, Li and Mangutov, Elizaveta and Sobecks, Briana L. and Awad-Agbaria, Yaseen and Uphade, Manoj B. and Aguilar, Jhoan and Peddada, Teja Nikhil and Shiimura, Yuki and Huang, Xi-Ping and Folarin-Hines, Jakayla and Payne, Maria and Kalathil, Anirudh and Varga, Balazs R. and Kobilka, Brian K. and Pradhan, Amynah A. and Cameron, Michael D. and Kumar, Kaavya Krishna and Dror, Ron O. and Gereau, Robert W. and Majumdar, Susruta}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08618-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {265-273}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cryptic pocket in CB1 drives peripheral and functional selectivity}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The conserved HIV-1 spacer peptide 2 triggers matrix lattice maturation. NATURE, 640(8057), 258-264. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The virus particles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are released in an immature, non-infectious form. Proteolytic cleavage of the main structural polyprotein Gag into functional domains induces rearrangement into mature, infectious virions. In immature virus particles, the Gag membrane-binding domain, MA, forms a hexameric protein lattice that undergoes structural transition, following cleavage, into a distinct, mature MA lattice1. The mechanism of MA lattice maturation is unknown. Here we show that released spacer peptide 2 (SP2), a conserved peptide of unknown function situated about 300 residues downstream of MA, binds MA to induce structural maturation. By high-resolution in-virus structure determination of MA, we show that MA does not bind lipid into a side pocket as previously thought1, but instead binds SP2 as an integral part of the protein–protein interfaces that stabilize the mature lattice. Analysis of Gag cleavage site mutants showed that SP2 release is required for MA maturation, and we demonstrate that SP2 is sufficient to induce maturation of purified MA on lipid monolayers in vitro. SP2-triggered MA maturation correlated with faster fusion of virus with target cells. Our results reveal a new, unexpected interaction between two HIV-1 components, provide a high-resolution structure of mature MA, establish the trigger of MA structural maturation and assign function to the SP2 peptide. A study reports that the structural maturation of the matrix domain of the Gag protein of HIV-1 is induced by the proteolytic release and binding of the spacer peptide SP2.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stacey, James C. V. and Hrebík, Dominik and Nand, Elizabeth and Shetty, Snehith Dyavari and Qu, Kun and Boicu, Marius and Anders-Össwein, Maria and Uchil, Pradeep D. and Dick, Robert A. and Mothes, Walther and Kräusslich, Hans-Georg and Müller, Barbara and Briggs, John A. G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08624-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {258-264}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The conserved HIV-1 spacer peptide 2 triggers matrix lattice maturation}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). De novo design of transmembrane fluorescence-activating proteins. NATURE, 640(8057), 249-257. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The recognition of ligands by transmembrane proteins is essential for the exchange of materials, energy and information across biological membranes. Progress has been made in the de novo design of transmembrane proteins1–6, as well as in designing water-soluble proteins to bind small molecules7–12, but de novo design of transmembrane proteins that tightly and specifically bind to small molecules remains an outstanding challenge13. Here we present the accurate design of ligand-binding transmembrane proteins by integrating deep learning and energy-based methods. We designed pre-organized ligand-binding pockets in high-quality four-helix backbones for a fluorogenic ligand, and generated a transmembrane span using gradient-guided hallucination. The designer transmembrane proteins specifically activated fluorescence of the target fluorophore with mid-nanomolar affinity, exhibiting higher brightness and quantum yield compared to those of enhanced green fluorescent protein. These proteins were highly active in the membrane fraction of live bacterial and eukaryotic cells following expression. The crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the designer protein–ligand complexes were very close to the structures of the design models. We showed that the interactions between ligands and transmembrane proteins within the membrane can be accurately designed. Our work paves the way for the creation of new functional transmembrane proteins, with a wide range of applications including imaging, ligand sensing and membrane transport. A study describes the design of de novo ligand-binding transmembrane proteins, demonstrating their specific binding and activation of fluorogenic ligands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Jingyi and Liang, Mingfu and Sun, Ke and Wei, Yu and Guo, Ruiying and Zhang, Lijing and Shi, Junhui and Ma, Dan and Hu, Qi and Huang, Gaoxingyu and Lu, Peilong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08598-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {249-257}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {De novo design of transmembrane fluorescence-activating proteins}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Endogenous DNA damage at sites of terminated transcripts. NATURE, 640(8057), 240-248. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA damage promotes mutations that fuel cancer, ageing and neurodegenerative diseases1–3, but surprisingly, the causes and types of damage remain largely unknown. There are three identified mechanisms that damage DNA during transcription: collision of RNA polymerase (RNAP) with the DNA-replication machinery head-on and co-directionally4–6, and R-loop-induced DNA breakage7–10. Here we identify novel DNA damage reaction intermediates11,12 and uncover a fourth transcription-related source of DNA damage: endogenous DNA damage at sites of terminated transcripts. We engineered proteins to capture single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends with 3′ polarity in bacterial and human cells. In Escherichia coli, spontaneous 3′-ssDNA-end foci were unexpectedly frequent, at one or more per cell division, and arose via two identifiable pathways, both of which were dependent on DNA replication. A pathway associated with double-strand breaks was suppressed by overexpression of replicative DNA polymerase (pol) III, suggesting competition between pol III and DNA damage-promoting proteins. Mapping of recurrent 3′-ssDNA-ends identified distinct 3′-ssDNA-end-hotspots, mostly unrelated to double-strand breaks, next to the 5′-CCTTTTTT transcription-terminator-like sequence. These 3′-ssDNA-termini coincide with RNA 3′-termini identified by DirectRNA sequencing13 or simultaneous 5′ and 3′ end RNA sequencing (SEnd-seq)14 and were prevented by a mutant RNAP that reads through terminators. Our findings reveal that transcription termination or pausing can promote DNA damage and subsequent genomic instability. Transcription termination or pausing during DNA replication in bacteria and humans results in DNA damage with exposed 3′ single-stranded DNA ends and mutations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Jingjing and Perren, Jullian O. and Rogers, Cody M. and Nimer, Sadeieh and Wen, Alice X. and Halliday, Jennifer A. and Fitzgerald, Devon M. and Mei, Qian and Nehring, Ralf B. and Crum, Mary and Kozmin, Stanislav G. and Xia, Jun and Cooke, Matthew B. and Zhai, Yin and Bates, David and Li, Lei and Hastings, P. J. and Artsimovitch, Irina and Herman, Christophe and Sung, Patrick M. and Miller, Kyle M. and Rosenberg, Susan M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08578-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {240-248}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Endogenous DNA damage at sites of terminated transcripts}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crypt density and recruited enhancers underlie intestinal tumour initiation. NATURE, 640(8057), 231-239. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oncogenic mutations that drive colorectal cancer can be present in healthy intestines for long periods without overt consequence1,2. Mutation of Apc, the most common initiating event in conventional adenomas3, activates Wnt signalling, thus conferring fitness on mutant intestinal stem cells (ISCs)4,5. Apc mutations may occur in ISCs that arise by routine self-renewal or by dedifferentiation of their progeny. Although ISCs of these different origins are fundamentally similar6,7, it is unclear whether both generate tumours equally well in uninjured intestines. It is also unknown whether cis-regulatory elements are substantively modulated upon Wnt hyperactivation or as a feature of subsequent tumours. Here we show in two mouse models that adenomas are not an obligatory outcome of Apc deletion in either ISC source, but require proximity of mutant intestinal crypts. Reduced crypt density abrogates, and aggregation of mutant colonic crypts augments, adenoma formation. Moreover, adenoma-resident ISCs open chromatin at thousands of enhancers that are inaccessible in Apc-null ISCs that are not associated with adenomas. These cis elements explain adenoma-selective gene activity and persist, with little further expansion of the repertoire, as other oncogenic mutations accumulate. Thus, cooperativity between neighbouring mutant crypts and new accessibility at specific enhancers are key steps early in intestinal tumorigenesis. Mouse models of colorectal cancer show that adenoma formation following deletion of Apc is dependent on a proximity effect of mutant crypts and increased chromosome accessibility at specific enhancers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gaynor, Liam and Singh, Harshabad and Tie, Guodong and Badarinath, Krithika and Madha, Shariq and Mancini, Andrew and Bhattacharya, Swarnabh and Hoshino, Mikio and de Sauvage, Frederic J. and Murata, Kazutaka and Jadhav, Unmesh and Shivdasani, Ramesh A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08573-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {231-239}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crypt density and recruited enhancers underlie intestinal tumour initiation}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RUNX2 promotes fibrosis via an alveolar-to-pathological fibroblast transition. NATURE, 640(8057), 221-230. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A hallmark of pulmonary fibrosis is the aberrant activation of lung fibroblasts into pathological fibroblasts that produce excessive extracellular matrix1–3. Thus, the identification of key regulators that promote the generation of pathological fibroblasts can inform the development of effective countermeasures against disease progression. Here we use two mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis to show that LEPR+ fibroblasts that arise during alveologenesis include SCUBE2+ alveolar fibroblasts as a major constituent. These alveolar fibroblasts in turn contribute substantially to CTHRC1+POSTN+ pathological fibroblasts. Genetic ablation of POSTN+ pathological fibroblasts attenuates fibrosis. Comprehensive analyses of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data reveal that RUNX2 is a key regulator of the expression of fibrotic genes. Consistently, conditional deletion of Runx2 with LeprcreERT2 or Scube2creERT2 reduces the generation of pathological fibroblasts, extracellular matrix deposition and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, LEPR+ cells that include SCUBE2+ alveolar fibroblasts are a key source of pathological fibroblasts, and targeting Runx2 provides a potential treatment option for pulmonary fibrosis. The use of two mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis helped the identification of the transcription factor RUNX2 as a regulator of the transition of alveolar fibroblasts to pathological fibroblasts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fang, Yinshan and Chung, Sanny S. W. and Xu, Le and Xue, Chenyi and Liu, Xue and Jiang, Dianhua and Li, Rongbo and Korogi, Yohei and Yuan, Ke and Saqi, Anjali and Hibshoosh, Hanina and Huang, Yuefeng and Lin, Chyuan-Sheng and Tsukui, Tatsuya and Sheppard, Dean and Sun, Xin and Que, Jianwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08542-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {221-230}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RUNX2 promotes fibrosis via an alveolar-to-pathological fibroblast transition}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Macrophages protect against sensory axon loss in peripheral neuropathy. NATURE, 640(8057), 212-220. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes, which is strongly associated with obesity1, causing sensory loss and, in some patients, neuropathic pain2,3. Although the onset and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is linked with dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia4, the contribution of inflammation to peripheral neuropathy pathogenesis has not been investigated. Here we used a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHFD), which induces obesity and prediabetic metabolic changes, to study the onset of peripheral neuropathy. Mice fed the HFHFD developed persistent heat hypoalgesia after 3 months, but a reduction in epidermal skin nerve fibre density manifested only at 6 months. Using single-cell sequencing, we found that CCR2+ macrophages infiltrate the sciatic nerves of HFHFD-fed mice well before axonal degeneration is detectable. These infiltrating macrophages share gene expression similarities with nerve-crush-induced macrophages5 and express neurodegeneration-associated microglial marker genes6, although there is no axon loss or demyelination. Inhibiting the macrophage recruitment by genetically or pharmacologically blocking CCR2 signalling resulted in more severe heat hypoalgesia and accelerated skin denervation, as did deletion of Lgals3, a gene expressed in recruited macrophages. Recruitment of macrophages into the peripheral nerves of obese prediabetic mice is, therefore, neuroprotective, delaying terminal sensory axon degeneration by means of galectin 3. Potentiating and sustaining early neuroprotective immune responses in patients could slow or prevent peripheral neuropathy. A study in a mouse model of obesity and prediabetes demonstrates that recruitment of macrophages to nerves has a protective role in diet-induced peripheral neuropathy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hakim, Sara and Jain, Aakanksha and Adamson, Stuart S. and Petrova, Veselina and Indajang, Jonathan and Kim, Hyoung Woo and Kawaguchi, Riki and Wang, Qing and Duran, Elif S. and Nelson, Drew and Greene, Caitlin A. and Rasmussen, Jenae and Woolf, Clifford J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08535-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {212-220}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Macrophages protect against sensory axon loss in peripheral neuropathy}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Systems-level design principles of metabolic rewiring in an animal. NATURE, 640(8057), 203-211. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The regulation of metabolism is vital to any organism and can be achieved by transcriptionally activating or repressing metabolic genes1–3. Although many examples of transcriptional metabolic rewiring have been reported4, a systems-level study of how metabolism is rewired in response to metabolic perturbations is lacking in any animal. Here we apply Worm Perturb-Seq (WPS)—a high-throughput method combining whole-animal RNA-interference and RNA-sequencing5—to around 900 metabolic genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We derive a metabolic gene regulatory network (mGRN) in which 385 perturbations are connected to 9,414 genes by more than 110,000 interactions. The mGRN has a highly modular structure in which 22 perturbation clusters connect to 44 gene expression programs. The mGRN reveals different modes of transcriptional rewiring from simple reaction and pathway compensation to rerouting and more complex network coordination. Using metabolic network modelling, we identify a design principle of transcriptional rewiring that we name the compensation–repression (CR) model. The CR model explains most transcriptional responses in metabolic genes and reveals a high level of compensation and repression in five core metabolic functions related to energy and biomass. We provide preliminary evidence that the CR model may also explain transcriptional metabolic rewiring in human cells. Systems-level Worm Perturb-Seq of metabolic genes reveals design principles of transcriptional metabolic rewiring, many of which can be explained by a compensation–repression model.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Xuhang and Zhang, Hefei and Hodder, Thomas and Wang, Wen and Myers, Chad L. and Yilmaz, L. Safak and Walhout, Albertha J. M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08636-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {203-211}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Systems-level design principles of metabolic rewiring in an animal}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A systems-level, semi-quantitative landscape of metabolic flux in c. elegans. NATURE, 640(8057), 194-202. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metabolic flux, or the rate of metabolic reactions, is one of the most fundamental metrics describing the status of metabolism in living organisms. However, measuring fluxes across the entire metabolic network remains nearly impossible, especially in multicellular organisms. Computational methods based on flux balance analysis have been used with genome-scale metabolic network models to predict network-level flux wiring1–6. However, such approaches have limited power because of the lack of experimental constraints. Here, we introduce a strategy that infers whole-animal metabolic flux wiring from transcriptional phenotypes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Using a large-scale Worm Perturb-Seq (WPS) dataset for roughly 900 metabolic genes7, we show that the transcriptional response to metabolic gene perturbations can be integrated with the metabolic network model to infer a highly constrained, semi-quantitative flux distribution. We discover several features of adult C. elegans metabolism, including cyclic flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, lack of de novo purine synthesis flux and the primary use of amino acids and bacterial RNA as a tricarboxylic acid cycle carbon source, all of which we validate by stable isotope tracing. Our strategy for inferring metabolic wiring based on transcriptional phenotypes should be applicable to a variety of systems, including human cells. A strategy is introduced that infers whole-animal metabolic flux wiring from transcriptional phenotypes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and several features in its adult metabolism are discovered that are validated by stable isotope tracing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Hefei and Li, Xuhang and Tseyang, L. Tenzin and Giese, Gabrielle E. and Wang, Hui and Yao, Bo and Zhang, Jingyan and Neve, Rachel L. and Shank, Elizabeth A. and Spinelli, Jessica B. and Yilmaz, L. Safak and Walhout, Albertha J. M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08635-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {194-202}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A systems-level, semi-quantitative landscape of metabolic flux in c. elegans}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient genomes reveal a deep history of treponema pallidum in the americas. NATURE, 640(8057), 186-193. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most notably, syphilis1. Debates on a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself have weighed evidence for the ‘Columbian hypothesis’2, which argues for an American origin, against that for the ‘pre-Columbian hypothesis’3, which argues for the presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. Although molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies4, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved owing to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse palaeogenomic data that are currently available. Here we explore this evolutionary history through analyses of five pre- and peri-contact ancient treponemal genomes from the Americas that represent ancient relatives of the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (syphilis), T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (yaws) and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum (bejel) lineages. Our data indicate unexplored diversity and an emergence of T. pallidum that post-dates human occupation in the Americas. Together, these results support an American origin for all T. pallidum characterized at the genomic level, both modern and ancient. Analyses of five treponemal genomes representing ancient relatives of Treponema pallidum suggest that this pathogen originated in the Americas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barquera, Rodrigo and Sitter, T. Lesley and Kirkpatrick, Casey L. and Ramirez, Darío A. and Kocher, Arthur and Spyrou, Maria A. and Couoh, Lourdes R. and Talavera-González, Jorge A. and Castro, Mario and von Hunnius, Tanya and Guevara, Evelyn K. and Hamilton, W. Derek and Roberts, Patrick and Scott, Erin and Fabra, Mariana and Da Peña, Gabriela V. and Pacheco, Aryel and Rodriguez, Mónica and Aspillaga, Eugenio and Tiliakou, Anthi and Nelson, Elizabeth A. and Giffin, Karen L. and Bianco, Raffaela A. and Rohrlach, Adam B. and de los Ángeles García Martínez, María and Ballesteros Solís, Fabiola A. and Sajantila, Antti and Saunders, Shelley R. and Nores, Rodrigo and Herbig, Alexander and Krause, Johannes and Bos, Kirsten I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08515-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {186-193}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient genomes reveal a deep history of treponema pallidum in the americas}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fine-scale patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread from identical pathogen sequences. NATURE, 640(8057), 176-185. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pathogen genomics can provide insights into underlying infectious disease transmission patterns1,2, but new methods are needed to handle modern large-scale pathogen genome datasets and realize this full potential3–5. In particular, genetically proximal viruses should be highly informative about transmission events as genetic proximity indicates epidemiological linkage. Here we use pairs of identical sequences to characterize fine-scale transmission patterns using 114,298 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected through Washington State (USA) genomic sentinel surveillance with associated age and residence location information between March 2021 and December 2022. This corresponds to 59,660 sequences with another identical sequence in the dataset. We find that the location of pairs of identical sequences is highly consistent with expectations from mobility and social contact data. Outliers in the relationship between genetic and mobility data can be explained by SARS-CoV-2 transmission between postcodes with male prisons, consistent with transmission between prison facilities. We find that transmission patterns between age groups vary across spatial scales. Finally, we use the timing of sequence collection to understand the age groups driving transmission. Overall, this study improves our ability to use large pathogen genome datasets to understand the determinants of infectious disease spread. The analysis of pairs of identical SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences enables characterization of transmission patterns between geographies and age groups.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tran-Kiem, Cécile and Paredes, Miguel I. and Perofsky, Amanda C. and Frisbie, Lauren A. and Xie, Hong and Kong, Kevin and Weixler, Amelia and Greninger, Alexander L. and Roychoudhury, Pavitra and Peterson, JohnAric M. and Delgado, Andrew and Halstead, Holly and MacKellar, Drew and Dykema, Philip and Gamboa, Luis and Frazar, Chris D. and Ryke, Erica and Stone, Jeremy and Reinhart, David and Starita, Lea and Thibodeau, Allison and Yun, Cory and Aragona, Frank and Black, Allison and Viboud, Cécile and Bedford, Trevor}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08637-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {176-185}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fine-scale patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread from identical pathogen sequences}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Learning produces an orthogonalized state machine in the hippocampus. NATURE, 640(8057), 165-175. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cognitive maps confer animals with flexible intelligence by representing spatial, temporal and abstract relationships that can be used to shape thought, planning and behaviour. Cognitive maps have been observed in the hippocampus1, but their algorithmic form and learning mechanisms remain obscure. Here we used large-scale, longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging to record activity from thousands of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus while mice learned to efficiently collect rewards from two subtly different linear tracks in virtual reality. Throughout learning, both animal behaviour and hippocampal neural activity progressed through multiple stages, gradually revealing improved task representation that mirrored improved behavioural efficiency. The learning process involved progressive decorrelations in initially similar hippocampal neural activity within and across tracks, ultimately resulting in orthogonalized representations resembling a state machine capturing the inherent structure of the task. This decorrelation process was driven by individual neurons acquiring task-state-specific responses (that is, ‘state cells’). Although various standard artificial neural networks did not naturally capture these dynamics, the clone-structured causal graph, a hidden Markov model variant, uniquely reproduced both the final orthogonalized states and the learning trajectory seen in animals. The observed cellular and population dynamics constrain the mechanisms underlying cognitive map formation in the hippocampus, pointing to hidden state inference as a fundamental computational principle, with implications for both biological and artificial intelligence. Insight into the algorithmic form and learning principles underlying cognitive maps in the hippocampus is provided.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Weinan and Winnubst, Johan and Natrajan, Maanasa and Lai, Chongxi and Kajikawa, Koichiro and Bast, Arco and Michaelos, Michalis and Gattoni, Rachel and Stringer, Carsen and Flickinger, Daniel and Fitzgerald, James E. and Spruston, Nelson}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08548-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {165-175}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Learning produces an orthogonalized state machine in the hippocampus}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global modules robustly emerge from local interactions and smooth gradients. NATURE, 640(8057), 155-164. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modular structure and function are ubiquitous in biology, from the organization of animal brains and bodies to the scale of ecosystems. However, the mechanisms of modularity emergence from non-modular precursors remain unclear. Here we introduce the principle of peak selection, a process by which purely local interactions and smooth gradients can drive the self-organization of discrete global modules. The process combines strengths of the positional and Turing pattern-formation mechanisms into a model for morphogenesis. Applied to the grid-cell system of the brain, peak selection results in the self-organization of functionally distinct modules with discretely spaced spatial periods. Applied to ecological systems, it results in discrete multispecies niches and synchronous spawning across geographically distributed coral colonies. The process exhibits self-scaling with system size and ‘topological robustness’1, which renders module emergence and module properties insensitive to most parameters. Peak selection ameliorates the fine-tuning requirement for continuous attractor dynamics in single grid-cell modules and it makes a detail-independent prediction that grid module period ratios should approximate adjacent integer ratios, providing a highly accurate match to the available data. Predictions for grid cells at the transcriptional, connectomic and physiological levels promise to elucidate the interplay of molecules, connectivity and function emergence in brains. The principle of peak selection is described, by which local interactions and smooth gradients drive self-organization of discrete global modules.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khona, Mikail and Chandra, Sarthak and Fiete, Ila}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08541-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {155-164}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global modules robustly emerge from local interactions and smooth gradients}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A compendium of human gene functions derived from evolutionary modelling. NATURE, 640(8057), 146-154. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A comprehensive, computable representation of the functional repertoire of all macromolecules encoded within the human genome is a foundational resource for biology and biomedical research. The Gene Ontology Consortium has been working towards this goal by generating a structured body of information about gene functions, which now includes experimental findings reported in more than 175,000 publications for human genes and genes in experimentally tractable model organisms1,2. Here, we describe the results of a large, international effort to integrate all of these findings to create a representation of human gene functions that is as complete and accurate as possible. Specifically, we apply an expert-curated, explicit evolutionary modelling approach to all human protein-coding genes. This approach integrates available experimental information across families of related genes into models that reconstruct the gain and loss of functional characteristics over evolutionary time. The models and the resulting set of 68,667 integrated gene functions cover approximately 82% of human protein-coding genes. The functional repertoire reveals a marked preponderance of molecular regulatory functions, and the models provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human gene functions. We show that our set of descriptions of functions can improve the widely used genomic technique of Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. The experimental evidence for each functional characteristic is recorded, thereby enabling the scientific community to help review and improve the resource, which we have made publicly available. Evolutionary modelling and expert review are applied to integrate experimentally supported knowledge accumulated in the Gene Ontology knowledgebase to create a draft human gene ‘functionome’.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Feuermann, Marc and Mi, Huaiyu and Gaudet, Pascale and Muruganujan, Anushya and Lewis, Suzanna E. and Ebert, Dustin and Mushayahama, Tremayne and Thomas, Paul D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08592-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {146-154}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A compendium of human gene functions derived from evolutionary modelling}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solanum pan-genetics reveals paralogues as contingencies in crop engineering. NATURE, 640(8057), 135-145. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pan-genomics and genome-editing technologies are revolutionizing breeding of global crops1,2. A transformative opportunity lies in exchanging genotype-to-phenotype knowledge between major crops (that is, those cultivated globally) and indigenous crops (that is, those locally cultivated within a circumscribed area)3–5 to enhance our food system. However, species-specific genetic variants and their interactions with desirable natural or engineered mutations pose barriers to achieving predictable phenotypic effects, even between related crops6,7. Here, by establishing a pan-genome of the crop-rich genus Solanum8 and integrating functional genomics and pan-genetics, we show that gene duplication and subsequent paralogue diversification are major obstacles to genotype-to-phenotype predictability. Despite broad conservation of gene macrosynteny among chromosome-scale references for 22 species, including 13 indigenous crops, thousands of gene duplications, particularly within key domestication gene families, exhibited dynamic trajectories in sequence, expression and function. By augmenting our pan-genome with African eggplant cultivars9 and applying quantitative genetics and genome editing, we dissected an intricate history of paralogue evolution affecting fruit size. The loss of a redundant paralogue of the classical fruit size regulator CLAVATA3 (CLV3)10,11 was compensated by a lineage-specific tandem duplication. Subsequent pseudogenization of the derived copy, followed by a large cultivar-specific deletion, created a single fused CLV3 allele that modulates fruit organ number alongside an enzymatic gene controlling the same trait. Our findings demonstrate that paralogue diversifications over short timescales are underexplored contingencies in trait evolvability. Exposing and navigating these contingencies is crucial for translating genotype-to-phenotype relationships across species. Gene duplication and subsequent paralogue diversification are major obstacles to genotype-to-phenotype predictability.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Benoit, Matthias and Jenike, Katharine M. and Satterlee, James W. and Ramakrishnan, Srividya and Gentile, Iacopo and Hendelman, Anat and Passalacqua, Michael J. and Suresh, Hamsini and Shohat, Hagai and Robitaille, Gina M. and Fitzgerald, Blaine and Alonge, Michael and Wang, Xingang and Santos, Ryan and He, Jia and Ou, Shujun and Golan, Hezi and Green, Yumi and Swartwood, Kerry and Karavolias, Nicholas G. and Sierra, Gina P. and Orejuela, Andres and Roda, Federico and Goodwin, Sara and McCombie, W. Richard and Kizito, Elizabeth B. and Gagnon, Edeline and Knapp, Sandra and Särkinen, Tiina E. and Frary, Amy and Gillis, Jesse and Van Eck, Joyce and Schatz, Michael C. and Lippman, Zachary B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08619-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {135-145}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solanum pan-genetics reveals paralogues as contingencies in crop engineering}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Systematic bone tool production at 1.5 million years ago. NATURE, 640(8057), 130-134. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent evidence indicates that the emergence of stone tool technology occurred before the appearance of the genus Homo1 and may potentially be traced back deep into the primate evolutionary line2. Conversely, osseous technologies are apparently exclusive of later hominins from approximately 2 million years ago (Ma)3,4, whereas the earliest systematic production of bone tools is currently restricted to European Acheulean sites 400–250 thousand years ago5,6. Here we document an assemblage of bone tools shaped by knapping found within a single stratigraphic horizon at Olduvai Gorge dated to 1.5 Ma. Large mammal limb bone fragments, mostly from hippopotamus and elephant, were shaped to produce various tools, including massive elongated implements. Before our discovery, bone artefact production in pre-Middle Stone Age African contexts was widely considered as episodic, expedient and unrepresentative of early Homo toolkits. However, our results demonstrate that at the transition between the Oldowan and the early Acheulean, East African hominins developed an original cultural innovation that entailed a transfer and adaptation of knapping skills from stone to bone. By producing technologically and morphologically standardized bone tools, early Acheulean toolmakers unravelled technological repertoires that were previously thought to have appeared routinely more than 1 million years later. Bone tools shaped by knapping found within Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania precede any other evidence of systematic bone tool production by more than 1 million years.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {de la Torre, Ignacio and Doyon, Luc and Benito-Calvo, Alfonso and Mora, Rafael and Mwakyoma, Ipyana and Njau, Jackson K. and Peters, Renata F. and Theodoropoulou, Angeliki and d’Errico, Francesco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08652-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {130-134}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Systematic bone tool production at 1.5 million years ago}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global engineering effects of soil invertebrates on ecosystem functions. NATURE, 640(8057), 120-129. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The biogenic structures produced by termites, ants and earthworms provide key functions across global ecosystems1,2. However, little is known about the drivers of the soil engineering effects caused by these small but important invertebrates3 at the global scale. Here we show, on the basis of a meta-analysis of 12,975 observations from 1,047 studies on six continents, that all three taxa increase soil macronutrient content, soil respiration and soil microbial and plant biomass compared with reference soils. The effect of termites on soil respiration and plant biomass, and the effect of earthworms on soil nitrogen and phosphorus content, increase with mean annual temperature and peak in the tropics. By contrast, the effects of ants on soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus, plant biomass and survival rate peak at mid-latitude ecosystems that have the lowest primary productivity. Notably, termites and ants increase plant growth by alleviating plant phosphorus limitation in the tropics and nitrogen limitation in temperate regions, respectively. Our study highlights the important roles of these invertebrate taxa in global biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions. Given the importance of these soil-engineering invertebrates, biogeochemical models should better integrate their effects, especially on carbon fluxes and nutrient cycles. A meta-analysis of more than 1,000 studies reveals the global ecosystem functions provided by termites, ants and earthworms as they improve soil quality by making biogenic structures such as termite mounds, ant hills and earthworm casts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Donghao and Du, Enzai and Eisenhauer, Nico and Mathieu, Jérome and Chu, Chengjin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08594-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {120-129}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global engineering effects of soil invertebrates on ecosystem functions}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Solidification of earth’s mantle led inevitably to a basal magma ocean. NATURE, 640(8057), 114-119. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One of the main interpretations of deep-rooted geophysical structures in the mantle1 is that they stem from the top-down solidification of the primitive basal magma ocean of Earth above the core2–6. However, it remains debated whether solids first formed at the bottom of the mantle, solidifying upward, or above the melts, solidifying downward. Here we show that gravitational segregation of dense, iron-rich melts from lighter, iron-poor solids drives mantle evolution, regardless of where melting curves and geotherms intersect. This process results in the accumulation of iron-oxide-rich melts above the core, forming a basal magma ocean. We numerically model mantle solidification using a new multiphase fluid dynamics approach that integrates melting phase relations and geochemical models. This enables estimating the compositional signature and spatial distribution of primordial geochemical reservoirs, which may be directly linked to the isotopic anomalies measured in Archean rocks7–11. We find that a substantial amount of solids is produced at the surface of the planet, not at depth, injecting geochemical signatures of shallow silicate fractionation in the deep mantle. This work could serve as a foundation for re-examining the intricate interplay between mantle dynamics, petrology and geochemistry during the first thousand million years of the evolution of rocky planets. As the early Earth solidified, gravitational segregation of dense, iron-rich melts drove mantle evolution, injecting geochemical signatures of shallow silicate fractionation into the deep mantle and inevitably forming a basal magma ocean.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Boukaré, Charles-Édouard and Badro, James and Samuel, Henri}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08701-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {114-119}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Solidification of earth’s mantle led inevitably to a basal magma ocean}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Photoinduced copper-catalysed deracemization of alkyl halides. NATURE, 640(8057), 107-113. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Deracemization is an emerging strategy for generating enantioenriched compounds wherein the two enantiomers of a readily available racemic starting material are transformed into a single enantiomer, typically through the action of a light-induced catalyst1,2. Excellent proof of principle for this potentially powerful approach to asymmetric catalysis has been described3–8; nevertheless, substantial challenges have not yet been addressed, including the exploitation of carbon–heteroatom (rather than only carbon–hydrogen and carbon–carbon) bond cleavage to achieve deracemization, as well as the development of processes that provide broad classes of useful enantioenriched compounds and tetrasubstituted stereocentres. Here we describe a straightforward method that addresses these challenges, using a chiral copper catalyst, generated in situ from commercially available components, to achieve the photoinduced deracemization of tertiary (and secondary) alkyl halides through carbon–halogen bond cleavage. Mechanistic studies (including the independent synthesis of postulated intermediates, photophysical, spectroscopic and reactivity studies, and density functional theory calculations) provide support for the key steps and intermediates in our proposed catalytic cycle, as well as insight into the origin of enantioselectivity. A chiral copper catalyst, generated in situ from commercially available components, can be used to achieve photoinduced deracemization of alkyl halides through carbon–halogen bond cleavage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhong, Feng and Li, Renhe and Mai, Binh Khanh and Liu, Peng and Fu, Gregory C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08784-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {107-113}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Photoinduced copper-catalysed deracemization of alkyl halides}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Phosphate-enabled mechanochemical PFAS destruction for fluoride reuse. NATURE, 640(8057), 100-106. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent, bioaccumulative and anthropogenic pollutants that have attracted the attention of the public and private sectors because of their adverse impact on human health1. Although various technologies have been deployed to degrade PFASs with a focus on non-polymeric functionalized compounds (perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid)2–4, a general PFAS destruction method coupled with fluorine recovery for upcycling is highly desirable. Here we disclose a protocol that converts multiple classes of PFAS, including the fluoroplastics polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, into high-value fluorochemicals. To achieve this, PFASs were reacted with potassium phosphate salts under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions, a mineralization process enabling fluorine recovery as KF and K2PO3F for fluorination chemistry. The phosphate salts can be recovered for reuse, implying no detrimental impact on the phosphorus cycle. Therefore, PFASs are not only destructible but can now contribute to a sustainable circular fluorine economy. This study highlights a protocol that converts various perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including fluoroplastics, into valuable fluorochemicals through a solvent-free mechanochemical process, thereby enabling fluorine recovery and contributing to a sustainable circular fluorine economy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Long and Chen, Zijun and Goult, Christopher A. and Schlatzer, Thomas and Paton, Robert S. and Gouverneur, Véronique}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08698-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {100-106}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Phosphate-enabled mechanochemical PFAS destruction for fluoride reuse}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Catalytic allylation of native hexoses and pentoses in water with indium. NATURE, 640(8057), 94-99. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbohydrates are an abundant, inexpensive and renewable biomass feedstock that could be a cornerstone for sustainable chemical manufacturing, but scalable and environmentally friendly methods that leverage these feedstocks are lacking. For example, 1-allyl sorbitol is the foundational building block for the polypropylene clarifying agent Millad NX 8000, which is produced on the multi-metric ton scale annually, but the manufacturing process at present requires superstoichiometric amounts of tin1,2. The NX 8000 additives dominate about 80% of the global clarified polypropylene market3 and are used in concentrations of 0.01–1% during polypropylene production to improve its transparency and resistance to high temperatures, translating to 300–30,000 metric tons annually. The market volume of polypropylene in 2022 was approximately 79.01 million metric tons (MMT), with demand expected to rise by nearly 33% to 105 MMT by 2030 (ref. 4). The cost and sustainability benefits of clarified polypropylene are driving this demand, necessitating more clarifying agents5. Here we report a high-yielding allylation of unprotected carbohydrates in water using a catalytic amount of indium metal and either allylboronic acid or the pinacol ester (allylBpin) as donors. Aldohexoses, aminohexoses, ketohexoses and aldopentoses are all allylated in high yield under mild conditions and the indium metal is recoverable and reusable with no loss of catalytic activity. Leveraging these features, this process was translated to a scalable continuous synthesis of 1-allyl sorbitol in flow6 with high yield and productivity through Bayesian optimization of reaction parameters. A longstanding challenge in organic synthesis—the catalytic allylation of unprotected saccharides in an aqueous medium, a key step for the synthesis of Millad NX 8000—is achieved through a simple and efficient indium-catalysed nucleophilic allylation using a three-carbon-unit allylboronic acid or its pinacol ester.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adak, Tapas and Menard, Travis and Albritton, Matthew and Florit, Federico and Burke, Martin D. and Jensen, Klavs F. and Denmark, Scott E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08690-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {94-99}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Catalytic allylation of native hexoses and pentoses in water with indium}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Water structure and electric fields at the interface of oil droplets. NATURE, 640(8057), 87-93. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Interfacial water exhibits rich and complex behaviour1, playing an important part in chemistry, biology, geology and engineering. However, there is still much debate on the fundamental properties of water at hydrophobic interfaces, such as orientational ordering, the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide, improper hydrogen bonds and the presence of large electric fields2–5. This controversy arises from the challenges in measuring interfacial systems, even with the most advanced experimental techniques and theoretical approaches available. Here we report on an in-solution, interface-selective Raman spectroscopy method using multivariate curve resolution6,7 to probe hexadecane-in-water emulsions, aided by a monomer-field theoretical model for Raman spectroscopy8. Our results indicate that oil–water emulsion interfaces can exhibit reduced tetrahedral order and weaker hydrogen bonding, along with a substantial population of free hydroxyl groups that experience about 95 cm−1 redshift in their stretching mode compared with planar oil–water interfaces. Given the known electrostatic zeta potential characteristic of oil droplets9, we propose the existence of a strong electric field (about 50–90 MV cm−1) emanating from the oil phase. This field is inferred indirectly but supported by control experiments and theoretical estimates. These observations are either absent or opposite in the molecular hydrophobic interface formed by small solutes or at planar oil–water interfaces. Instead, water structural disorder and enhanced electric fields emerge as unique features of the mesoscale interface in oil–water emulsions, potentially contributing to the accelerated chemical reactivity observed at hydrophobic–water interfaces10–13. Raman spectroscopy measurements of water at the interface with oil droplets show a perturbed hydrogen-bond network and evidence for a strong interfacial electric field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Lixue and LaCour, R. Allen and Qian, Naixin and Heindel, Joseph P. and Lang, Xiaoqi and Zhao, Ruoqi and Head-Gordon, Teresa and Min, Wei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08702-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {87-93}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Water structure and electric fields at the interface of oil droplets}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic systems for electrotherapy. NATURE, 640(8057), 77-86. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Temporary pacemakers are essential for the care of patients with short-lived bradycardia in post-operative and other settings1–4. Conventional devices require invasive open-heart surgery or less invasive endovascular surgery, both of which are challenging for paediatric and adult patients5–8. Other complications9–11 include risks of infections, lacerations and perforations of the myocardium, and of displacements of external power supplies and control systems. Here we introduce a millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an onboard power supply and a wireless, optical control mechanism with generalized capabilities in electrotherapy and specific application opportunities in temporary cardiac pacing. The extremely small sizes of these devices enable minimally invasive implantation, including percutaneous injection and endovascular delivery. Experimental studies demonstrate effective pacing in mouse, rat, porcine, canine and human cardiac models at both single-site and multi-site locations. Pairing with a skin-interfaced wireless device allows autonomous, closed-loop operation upon detection of arrhythmias. Further work illustrates opportunities in combining these miniaturized devices with other medical implants, with an example of arrays of pacemakers for individual or collective use on the frames of transcatheter aortic valve replacement systems, to provide unique solutions that address risks for atrioventricular block following surgeries. This base technology can be readily adapted for a broad range of additional applications in electrotherapy, such as nerve and bone regeneration, wound therapy and pain management. A millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an onboard power supply and a wireless, optical control mechanism is developed for general applications in electrotherapy and specific uses in temporary cardiac pacing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Yamin and Rytkin, Eric and Zeng, Liangsong and Kim, Jong Uk and Tang, Lichao and Zhang, Haohui and Mikhailov, Aleksei and Zhao, Kaiyu and Wang, Yue and Ding, Li and Lu, Xinyue and Lantsova, Anastasia and Aprea, Elena and Jiang, Gengming and Li, Shupeng and Seo, Seung Gi and Wang, Tong and Wang, Jin and Liu, Jiayang and Gu, Jianyu and Liu, Fei and Bailey, Keith and Li, Yat Fung Larry and Burrell, Amy and Pfenniger, Anna and Ardashev, Andrey and Yang, Tianyu and Liu, Naijia and Lv, Zengyao and Purwanto, Nathan S. and Ying, Yue and Lu, Yinsheng and Hoepfner, Claire and Melisova, Altynai and Gong, Jiarui and Jeong, Jinheon and Choi, Junhwan and Hou, Alex and Nolander, Rachel and Bai, Wubin and Jin, Sung Hun and Ma, Zhenqiang and Torkelson, John M. and Huang, Yonggang and Ouyang, Wei and Arora, Rishi K. and Efimov, Igor R. and Rogers, John A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08726-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {77-86}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic systems for electrotherapy}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synaptic and neural behaviours in a standard silicon transistor. NATURE, 640(8057), 69-76. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hardware implementations of artificial neural networks (ANNs)—the most advanced of which are made of millions of electronic neurons interconnected by hundreds of millions of electronic synapses—have achieved higher energy efficiency than classical computers in some small-scale data-intensive computing tasks1. State-of-the-art neuromorphic computers, such as Intel’s Loihi2 or IBM’s NorthPole3, implement ANNs using bio-inspired neuron- and synapse-mimicking circuits made of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, at least 18 per neuron and six per synapse. Simplifying the structure and size of these two building blocks would enable the construction of more sophisticated, larger and more energy-efficient ANNs. Here we show that a single CMOS transistor can exhibit neural and synaptic behaviours if biased in a specific (unconventional) manner. By connecting one additional CMOS transistor in series, we build a versatile 2-transistor-cell that exhibits adjustable neuro-synaptic response (which we named neuro-synaptic random access memory cell, or NS-RAM cell). This electronic performance comes with a yield of 100% and an ultra-low device-to-device variability, owing to the maturity of the silicon CMOS platform used—no materials or devices alien to the CMOS process are required. These results represent a short-term solution for the implementation of efficient ANNs and an opportunity in terms of CMOS circuit design and optimization for artificial intelligence applications. A standard commercial CMOS FET can exhibit synaptic-like long-term potentiation and depression or neuron-like leaky-integrate-and-fire and adaptive frequency-bursting behaviour when biased in a specific but unconventional way.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pazos, Sebastian and Zhu, Kaichen and Villena, Marco A. and Alharbi, Osamah and Zheng, Wenwen and Shen, Yaqing and Yuan, Yue and Ping, Yue and Lanza, Mario}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08742-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {69-76}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synaptic and neural behaviours in a standard silicon transistor}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Downscaling micro- and nano-perovskite LEDs. NATURE, 640(8057), 62-68. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many technological breakthroughs in electronics and photonics were made possible by downscaling—the process of making elementary devices smaller in size1–5. The downsizing of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on III–V semiconductors led to micro-LEDs5–12, an ‘ultimate technology’ for displays. However, micro-LEDs are costly to produce and they exhibit severe efficiency losses when the pixel sizes are reduced to about 10 μm or less, hindering their potential in commercial applications. Here we show the downscaling of an emerging class of LEDs based on perovskite semiconductors to below the conventional size limits. Micro- and nano-perovskite LEDs (micro-PeLEDs/nano-PeLEDs) with characteristic pixel lengths from hundreds of micrometres down to about 90 nm are demonstrated, through a localized contact fabrication scheme that prevents non-radiative losses at the pixel boundaries. For our near-infrared (NIR) and green micro-PeLEDs, average external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) are maintained at around 20% across a wide range of pixel lengths (650 to 3.5 μm), exhibiting minimum performance reduction on downsizing. Our nano-PeLEDs with characteristic pixel lengths down to about 90 nm represent the smallest LEDs reported, enabling a record-high pixel density of 127,000 pixels per inch (PPI) among all classes of LED arrays. Our demonstration showcases the strength of micro- and nano-PeLEDs as a next-generation light-source technology with unprecedented compactness and scalability. A process based on perovskite semiconductors is described to downscale micro-LEDs and nano-LEDs to below the conventional size limits, demonstrating average external quantum efficiencies maintained at around 20% across a wide range of pixel lengths.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lian, Yaxiao and Wang, Yaxin and Yuan, Yucai and Ren, Zhixiang and Tang, Weidong and Liu, Zhe and Xing, Shiyu and Ji, Kangyu and Yuan, Bo and Yang, Yichen and Gao, Yuxiang and Zhang, Shiang and Zhou, Ke and Zhang, Gan and Stranks, Samuel D. and Zhao, Baodan and Di, Dawei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08685-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {62-68}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Downscaling micro- and nano-perovskite LEDs}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cooper-pair density modulation state in an iron-based superconductor. NATURE, 640(8057), 55-61. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Superconducting (SC) states that break space-group symmetries of the underlying crystal can exhibit nontrivial spatial modulation of the order parameter. Previously, such states were intimately associated with the breaking of translational symmetry1,2, resulting in the density-wave orders3–8, with wavelengths spanning several unit cells9–19. However, a related basic concept has long been overlooked20: when only intra-unit-cell symmetries of the space group are broken, the SC states can show a distinct type of nontrivial modulation preserving long-range lattice translation. Here we refer to this new concept as the pair density modulation (PDM) and report the first observation of a PDM state in exfoliated thin flakes of the iron-based superconductor FeTe0.55Se0.45. Using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), we discover robust SC gap modulation with the wavelength corresponding to the lattice periodicity and the amplitude exceeding 30% of the gap average. Notably, we find that the observed modulation originates from the large difference in SC gaps on the two nominally equivalent iron sublattices. The experimental findings, backed up by model calculations, suggest that, in contrast to the density-wave orders, the PDM state is driven by the interplay of sublattice symmetry breaking and a peculiar nematic distortion specific to the thin flakes. Our results establish new frontiers for exploring the intertwined orders in strong-correlated electronic systems and open a new chapter for iron-based superconductors. Pair density modulation, an unusual superconducting state whose superconducting gap is modulated by the wavelength corresponding to the lattice periodicity, is described and observed in exfoliated thin flakes of the iron-based superconductor FeTe0.55Se0.45.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kong, Lingyuan and Papaj, Michał and Kim, Hyunjin and Zhang, Yiran and Baum, Eli and Li, Hui and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Gu, Genda and Lee, Patrick A. and Nadj-Perge, Stevan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08703-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {55-61}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cooper-pair density modulation state in an iron-based superconductor}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microsatellite-based real-time quantum key distribution. NATURE, 640(8057), 47-54. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A quantum network1–3 provides an infrastructure that connects quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing and communication capabilities. A quantum satellite constellation offers a solution to facilitate the quantum network on a global scale4,5. The Micius satellite has verified the feasibility of satellite quantum communications6–9; however, scaling up quantum satellite constellations is challenging, requiring small lightweight satellites, portable ground stations and real-time secure key exchange. Here we tackle these challenges and report the development of a quantum microsatellite capable of performing space-to-ground quantum key distribution using portable ground stations. The microsatellite payload weighs approximately 23 kilograms, and the portable ground station weighs about 100 kilograms, representing reductions by more than 1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Using this set-up, we demonstrate satellite-based quantum key distribution with multiple ground stations and achieve the sharing of up to 1.07 million bits of secure keys during a single satellite pass. In addition, we multiplex bidirectional satellite–ground optical communication with quantum communication, enabling key distillation and secure communication in real time. Also, a secret key, enabling one-time pad encryption of images, is created between China and South Africa at locations separated by over 12,900 kilometres on Earth. The compact quantum payload can be readily assembled on existing space stations10,11 or small satellites12, paving the way for a satellite-constellation-based quantum and classical network for widespread real-life applications. A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Yang and Cai, Wen-Qi and Ren, Ji-Gang and Wang, Chao-Ze and Yang, Meng and Zhang, Liang and Wu, Hui-Ying and Chang, Liang and Wu, Jin-Cai and Jin, Biao and Xue, Hua-Jian and Li, Xue-Jiao and Liu, Hui and Yu, Guang-Wen and Tao, Xue-Ying and Chen, Ting and Liu, Chong-Fei and Luo, Wen-Bin and Zhou, Jie and Yong, Hai-Lin and Li, Yu-Huai and Li, Feng-Zhi and Jiang, Cong and Chen, Hao-Ze and Wu, Chao and Tong, Xin-Hai and Xie, Si-Jiang and Zhou, Fei and Liu, Wei-Yue and Ismail, Yaseera and Petruccione, Francesco and Liu, Nai-Le and Li, Li and Xu, Feihu and Cao, Yuan and Yin, Juan and Shu, Rong and Wang, Xiang-Bin and Zhang, Qiang and Wang, Jian-Yu and Liao, Sheng-Kai and Peng, Cheng-Zhi and Pan, Jian-Wei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08739-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {47-54}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microsatellite-based real-time quantum key distribution}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Designer cannabinoids could be the key to pain relief without adverse effects. NATURE, 640(8057), 45-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Current approaches to pain relief are falling short. Chemically modifying a synthetic cannabinoid could enable scientists to capitalize on the body’s natural pain-killing pathway without evoking drug tolerance or psychoactivity. A modified CB1-receptor agonist for analgesia without adverse effects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Greig, Iain R. and Ross, Ruth A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00546-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {45-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Designer cannabinoids could be the key to pain relief without adverse effects}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genus-wide plant pangenome could inform next-generation crop design. NATURE, 640(8057), 44-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A compilation of genomes from species in the genus Solanum could help scientists to blend the best aspects of productive staple crops and genetically diverse but under-studied indigenous crops. A pangenome for the genus Solanum.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kamal, Nadia and Spannagl, Manuel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00544-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {44-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genus-wide plant pangenome could inform next-generation crop design}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How seahorses and pipefish inspired the design of a boat propeller. NATURE, 640(8057), 43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Why really good trombones sound the way they do, and the peculiar motion of creatures in the ocean, in this week’s dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00915-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How seahorses and pipefish inspired the design of a boat propeller}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light wins uphill battle to solve enduring problem in organic synthesis. NATURE, 640(8057), 42-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mirror-image isomer blends have been converted into a single isomer by a light-activated copper catalyst — a challenging reaction that prevents the waste of materials. Mirror-image isomer blends have been converted into a single isomer by a light-activated copper catalyst — a challenging reaction that prevents the waste of materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fan, Wenzheng and Liu, Guosheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00902-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {42-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light wins uphill battle to solve enduring problem in organic synthesis}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The early origins of bone-tool manufacturing traditions by hominins 1.5 million years ago. NATURE, 640(8057), 40-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Excavations at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, reveal evidence of the systematic use of animal bones as a raw material for prehistoric tools. Excavations at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, reveal evidence of the systematic use of animal bones as a raw material for prehistoric tools.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mirazón Lahr, Marta}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00545-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {40-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The early origins of bone-tool manufacturing traditions by hominins 1.5 million years ago}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the atlantic jet stream has changed in 600 years — And what it means for weather. NATURE, 640(8057), 39-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A multi-century climate record suggests that current Atlantic jet-stream variations are not the cause of an increase in extreme weather events. A multi-century climate record suggests that current Atlantic jet-stream variations are not the cause of an increase in extreme weather events.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dannenberg, Matthew P. and Wise, Erika K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00871-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {39-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the atlantic jet stream has changed in 600 years — And what it means for weather}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The global scientific community must keep studying LGBT+ health. NATURE, 640(8057), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonçalves, Cláudia C. and Williams, Lana J. and Yung, Alison R. and Lin, Ashleigh}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00985-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The global scientific community must keep studying LGBT+ health}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Action needed to mitigate effects of slashing USAID. NATURE, 640(8057), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allam, Zaheer and Cheshmehzangi, Ali}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01005-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Action needed to mitigate effects of slashing USAID}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Minerals will shape future geopolitical order. NATURE, 640(8057), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baranowski, Mariusz and Jabkowski, Piotr and Kammen, Daniel M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01006-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Minerals will shape future geopolitical order}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China has already taken steps to reduce retractions of papers from its hospitals. NATURE, 640(8057), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Gong Jie and Zhou, Ya Bin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-01007-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China has already taken steps to reduce retractions of papers from its hospitals}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The full lethal impact of massive cuts to international food aid. NATURE, 640(8057), 35-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The sudden withdrawal of almost half of global funding for nutrition suddenly will have dire consequences for decades. The sudden withdrawal of almost half of global funding for nutrition suddenly will have dire consequences for decades.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Osendarp, Saskia and Ruel, Marie and Udomkesmalee, Emorn and Tessema, Masresha and Haddad, Lawrence}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00898-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {35-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The full lethal impact of massive cuts to international food aid}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Six roadblocks to net zero — And how to get around them. NATURE, 640(8057), 31-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Overcoming these obstacles in carbon markets can speed up decarbonization. Overcoming these obstacles in carbon markets can speed up decarbonization.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Joppa, Lucas and Willmott, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00935-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {31-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Six roadblocks to net zero — And how to get around them}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Do smartphones and social media really harm teens’ mental health?. NATURE, 640(8057), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are debating the strength of evidence connecting technology to surging rates of adolescent mental illness. But they have some clear advice for parents. Researchers are debating the strength of evidence connecting technology to surging rates of adolescent mental illness. But they have some clear advice for parents.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00933-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Do smartphones and social media really harm teens’ mental health?}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to get rid of toxic ‘forever chemical’ pollution. NATURE, 640(8057), 22-24. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Regulatory efforts to purge PFASs from drinking water have led to a rush for technologies that can capture and destroy the chemicals. Regulatory efforts to purge PFASs from drinking water have led to a rush for technologies that can capture and destroy the chemicals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lim, XiaoZhi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00932-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {22-24}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to get rid of toxic ‘forever chemical’ pollution}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superpowers want to control critical mineral supplies — Local communities need a stronger say. NATURE, 640(8057), 10. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As governments fight to regulate access to materials important for many technologies, the people mining them are left behind. As governments fight to regulate access to materials important for many technologies, the people mining them are left behind.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arezki, Rabah}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00931-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superpowers want to control critical mineral supplies — Local communities need a stronger say}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A brain drain would impoverish the united states and diminish world science. NATURE, 640(8057), 8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Europe is advertising itself as a destination for embattled US scientists. It seems many are considering leaving. Europe is advertising itself as a destination for embattled US scientists. It seems many are considering leaving.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00992-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A brain drain would impoverish the united states and diminish world science}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are screens harming teens? what scientists can do to find answers. NATURE, 640(8057), 7-8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The fierce debate about smartphones and adolescent mental health rests on conflicting science. Researchers and technology companies must work to improve it. The fierce debate about smartphones and adolescent mental health rests on conflicting science. Researchers and technology companies must work to improve it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00991-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {4}, number = {8057}, pages = {7-8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are screens harming teens? what scientists can do to find answers}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Deep dive: How i use robots to survey coral reefs. NATURE, 640(8057), 280. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Marine ecologist Gemma Galbraith builds remotely operated vehicles and uses them to assess how coral reefs are being affected by climate change. Marine ecologist Gemma Galbraith builds remotely operated vehicles and uses them to assess how coral reefs are being affected by climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Forrester, Nikki}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00936-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {280}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Deep dive: How i use robots to survey coral reefs}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to know whether a conference is right for you. NATURE, 640(8057), 275-277. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Some low-profile meetings are helpful for parts of the scientific community. Others look like more of a cash grab. Some low-profile meetings are helpful for parts of the scientific community. Others look like more of a cash grab.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00903-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {275-277}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to know whether a conference is right for you}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Style over substance? what birds’ mating behaviours reveal about sexual selection. NATURE, 640(8057), 29-30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An exploration of weird and wonderful birds across the world sometimes takes theories of sexual selection to the extreme — but entertains throughout. An exploration of weird and wonderful birds across the world sometimes takes theories of sexual selection to the extreme — but entertains throughout.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Coulson, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00934-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {29-30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Style over substance? what birds’ mating behaviours reveal about sexual selection}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mathematician who reshaped theory of symmetry wins abel prize. NATURE, 640(8057), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Masaki Kashiwara is the first Japanese person to be awarded the most prestigious prize in mathematics. Masaki Kashiwara is the first Japanese person to be awarded the most prestigious prize in mathematics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00949-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mathematician who reshaped theory of symmetry wins abel prize}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). New antibiotic that kills drug-resistant bacteria discovered in technician’s garden. NATURE, 640(8057), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The molecule targets bacteria in a way that other drugs don’t. The molecule targets bacteria in a way that other drugs don’t.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00945-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {New antibiotic that kills drug-resistant bacteria discovered in technician’s garden}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Paralysed man stands again after receiving ‘reprogrammed’ stem cells. NATURE, 640(8057), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Another man also regained some movement, but two others experienced minimal improvement. Another man also regained some movement, but two others experienced minimal improvement.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00863-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Paralysed man stands again after receiving ‘reprogrammed’ stem cells}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: NIH to cut grants for COVID research, documents reveal. NATURE, 640(8057), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studies on climate change and South Africa are also on the latest list of grants to be terminated, according to updated documents obtained by Nature. Studies on climate change and South Africa are also on the latest list of grants to be terminated, according to updated documents obtained by Nature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00954-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: NIH to cut grants for COVID research, documents reveal}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pregnancy’s true toll on the body: Huge birth study paints most detailed picture yet. NATURE, 640(8057), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data from 300,000 births reveal how essential biological measurements are altered by carrying and delivering a baby. Data from 300,000 births reveal how essential biological measurements are altered by carrying and delivering a baby.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biever, Celeste}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00959-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pregnancy’s true toll on the body: Huge birth study paints most detailed picture yet}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does sharing first authorship on a paper carry a penalty? what the research says. NATURE, 640(8057), 15-16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study dispels myth that order of names in a paper’s author list dictates perception of success. Study dispels myth that order of names in a paper’s author list dictates perception of success.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Else, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00869-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {15-16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does sharing first authorship on a paper carry a penalty? what the research says}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meet ‘qudits’: More complex cousins of qubits boost quantum computing. NATURE, 640(8057), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Working with multi-dimensional entities could make calculations more efficient and reduce errors. Working with multi-dimensional entities could make calculations more efficient and reduce errors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00939-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meet ‘qudits’: More complex cousins of qubits boost quantum computing}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Anxiety is palpable’: Detention of researchers at US border spurs travel worries. NATURE, 640(8057), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Several high-profile incidents in the past month have scientists on edge. Several high-profile incidents in the past month have scientists on edge.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi and Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00859-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Anxiety is palpable’: Detention of researchers at US border spurs travel worries}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Life-giving oxygen is wafting out of lakes worldwide. NATURE, 640(8057), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Machine-learning method shows declining oxygen levels in thousands of lakes as their waters warm. Machine-learning method shows declining oxygen levels in thousands of lakes as their waters warm.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00876-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Life-giving oxygen is wafting out of lakes worldwide}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A superbug rose to the top after gaining a chemical weapon. NATURE, 640(8057), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A newfound ability to produce an antibiotic helped a strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to take over a hospital. A newfound ability to produce an antibiotic helped a strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to take over a hospital.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00877-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A superbug rose to the top after gaining a chemical weapon}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient shackles testify to brutality of egypt’s gold mines. NATURE, 640(8057), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Greek engineers who moved to Egypt in the fourth century BC might have imported the devices. Greek engineers who moved to Egypt in the fourth century BC might have imported the devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00878-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient shackles testify to brutality of egypt’s gold mines}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The best foods for healthy ageing ― and the worst. NATURE, 640(8057), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study of more than 100,000 people supports your parents’ advice: eat your veggies. Study of more than 100,000 people supports your parents’ advice: eat your veggies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00879-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The best foods for healthy ageing ― and the worst}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Open source’ AI isn’t truly open — Here’s how researchers can reclaim the term. NATURE, 640(8057), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many firms are misusing the ‘open source’ label. The scientific community, which relies on transparency and replicability, must resist this trend. Many firms are misusing the ‘open source’ label. The scientific community, which relies on transparency and replicability, must resist this trend.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maffulli, Stefano}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00930-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8057}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Open source’ AI isn’t truly open — Here’s how researchers can reclaim the term}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Observation of nagaoka polarons in a Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator. NATURE, 639(8056), E23. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lebrat, Martin and Xu, Muqing and Kendrick, Lev Haldar and Kale, Anant and Gang, Youqi and Seetharaman, Pranav and Morera, Ivan and Khatami, Ehsan and Demler, Eugene and Greiner, Markus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08819-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {E23}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Observation of nagaoka polarons in a Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Classification with a disordered dopant atom network in silicon. NATURE, 639(8056), E22. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Tao and van Gelder, Jeroen and van de Ven, Bram and Amitonov, Sergey V. and de Wilde, Bram and Ruiz Euler, Hans-Christian and Broersma, Hajo and Bobbert, Peter A. and Zwanenburg, Floris A. and van der Wiel, Wilfred G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08803-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {E22}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Classification with a disordered dopant atom network in silicon}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Transforming a head direction signal into a goal-oriented steering command. NATURE, 639(8056), E21. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Westeinde, Elena A. and Kellogg, Emily and Dawson, Paul M. and Lu, Jenny and Hamburg, Lydia and Midler, Benjamin and Druckmann, Shaul and Wilson, Rachel I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08245-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {E21}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Transforming a head direction signal into a goal-oriented steering command}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity. NATURE, 639(8056), E20. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pinsky, Malin L. and Hillebrand, Helmut and Chase, Jonathan M. and Antão, Laura H. and Hirt, Myriam R. and Brose, Ulrich and Burrows, Michael T. and Gauzens, Benoit and Rosenbaum, Benjamin and Blowes, Shane A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08857-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {E20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reviving the biodiversity around an ancient palace. NATURE, 639(8056), 1110. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Juan Ramón Fernández Cardenete tends the Alhambra’s many water features and gardens. Juan Ramón Fernández Cardenete tends the Alhambra’s many water features and gardens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mellone, Ugo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00921-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1110}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reviving the biodiversity around an ancient palace}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA function follows form – Why is it so hard to predict?. NATURE, 639(8056), 1106-1108. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {AlphaFold’s highly accurate structural models transformed protein biology,but RNA lags behind. AlphaFold’s highly accurate structural models transformed protein biology,but RNA lags behind.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00920-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1106-1108}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA function follows form – Why is it so hard to predict?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Shaking up earthquake safety in nepal with a folk song. NATURE, 639(8056), 1103-1105. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Geophysicist Shiba Subedi combines science and songwriting to raise awareness and debunk earthquake myths. Geophysicist Shiba Subedi combines science and songwriting to raise awareness and debunk earthquake myths.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bolakhe, Saugat}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00919-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1103-1105}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Shaking up earthquake safety in nepal with a folk song}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure and mechanism of the zorya anti-phage defence system. NATURE, 639(8056), 1093-1101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Zorya is a recently identified and widely distributed bacterial immune system that protects bacteria from viral (phage) infections. Three Zorya subtypes have been identified, each containing predicted membrane-embedded ZorA–ZorB (ZorAB) complexes paired with soluble subunits that differ among Zorya subtypes, notably ZorC and ZorD in type I Zorya systems1,2. Here we investigate the molecular basis of Zorya defence using cryo-electron microscopy, mutagenesis, fluorescence microscopy, proteomics and functional studies. We present cryo-electron microscopy structures of ZorAB and show that it shares stoichiometry and features of other 5:2 inner membrane ion-driven rotary motors. The ZorA5B2 complex contains a dimeric ZorB peptidoglycan-binding domain and a pentameric α-helical coiled-coil tail made of ZorA that projects approximately 70 nm into the cytoplasm. We also characterize the structure and function of the soluble Zorya components ZorC and ZorD, finding that they have DNA-binding and nuclease activity, respectively. Comprehensive functional and mutational analyses demonstrate that all Zorya components work in concert to protect bacterial cells against invading phages. We provide evidence that ZorAB operates as a proton-driven motor that becomes activated after sensing of phage invasion. Subsequently, ZorAB transfers the phage invasion signal through the ZorA cytoplasmic tail to recruit and activate the soluble ZorC and ZorD effectors, which facilitate the degradation of the phage DNA. In summary, our study elucidates the foundational mechanisms of Zorya function as an anti-phage defence system. Zorya uses a membrane-anchored H+-driven rotary motor ZorAB to sense phage invasion and to recruit the intracellular effectors ZorC and ZorD that execute anti-phage defence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hu, Haidai and Popp, Philipp F. and Hughes, Thomas C. D. and Roa-Eguiara, Aritz and Rutbeek, Nicole R. and Martin, Freddie J. O. and Hendriks, Ivo Alexander and Payne, Leighton J. and Yan, Yumeng and Humolli, Dorentina and Klein-Sousa, Victor and Songailiene, Inga and Wang, Yong and Nielsen, Michael Lund and Berry, Richard M. and Harms, Alexander and Erhardt, Marc and Jackson, Simon A. and Taylor, Nicholas M. I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08493-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1093-1101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure and mechanism of the zorya anti-phage defence system}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mechanism for local attenuation of DNA replication at double-strand breaks. NATURE, 639(8056), 1084-1092. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) disrupt the continuity of the genome, with consequences for malignant transformation. Massive DNA damage can elicit a cellular checkpoint response that prevents cell proliferation1,2. However, how highly aggressive cancer cells, which can tolerate widespread DNA damage, respond to DSBs alongside continuous chromosome duplication is unknown. Here we show that DSBs induce a local genome maintenance mechanism that inhibits replication initiation in DSB-containing topologically associating domains (TADs) without affecting DNA synthesis at other genomic locations. This process is facilitated by mediators of replication and DSBs (MRDs). In normal and cancer cells, MRDs include the TIMELESS–TIPIN complex and the WEE1 kinase, which actively dislodges the TIMELESS–TIPIN complex from replication origins adjacent to DSBs and prevents initiation of DNA synthesis at DSB-containing TADs. Dysregulation of MRDs, or disruption of 3D chromatin architecture by dissolving TADs, results in inadvertent replication in damaged chromatin and increased DNA damage in cancer cells. We propose that the intact MRD cascade precedes DSB repair to prevent genomic instability, which is otherwise observed when replication is forced, or when genome architecture is challenged, in the presence of DSBs3–5. These observations reveal a previously unknown vulnerability in the DNA replication machinery that may be exploited to therapeutically target cancer cells. DNA double-strand breaks induce local genome maintenance and inhibition of replication initiation at nearby topologically associating domains without affecting global DNA synthesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sebastian, Robin and Sun, Eric G. and Fedkenheuer, Michael and Fu, Haiqing and Jung, SeolKyoung and Thakur, Bhushan L. and Redon, Christophe E. and Pegoraro, Gianluca and Tran, Andy D. and Gross, Jacob M. and Mosavarpour, Sara and Kusi, Nana Afua and Ray, Anagh and Dhall, Anjali and Pongor, Lorinc S. and Casellas, Rafael and Aladjem, Mirit I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08557-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1084-1092}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mechanism for local attenuation of DNA replication at double-strand breaks}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A metagenomic ‘dark matter’ enzyme catalyses oxidative cellulose conversion. NATURE, 639(8056), 1076-1083. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The breakdown of cellulose is one of the most important reactions in nature1,2 and is central to biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals3. However, the microfibrillar organization of cellulose and its complex interactions with other components of the plant cell wall poses a major challenge for enzymatic conversion4. Here, by mining the metagenomic ‘dark matter’ (unclassified DNA with unknown function) of a microbial community specialized in lignocellulose degradation, we discovered a metalloenzyme that oxidatively cleaves cellulose. This metalloenzyme acts on cellulose through an exo-type mechanism with C1 regioselectivity, resulting exclusively in cellobionic acid as a product. The crystal structure reveals a catalytic copper buried in a compact jelly-roll scaffold that features a flattened cellulose binding site. This metalloenzyme exhibits a homodimeric configuration that enables in situ hydrogen peroxide generation by one subunit while the other is productively interacting with cellulose. The secretome of an engineered strain of the fungus Trichoderma reesei expressing this metalloenzyme boosted the glucose release from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass under industrially relevant conditions, demonstrating its biotechnological potential. This discovery modifies the current understanding of bacterial redox enzymatic systems devoted to overcoming biomass recalcitrance5–7. Furthermore, it enables the conversion of agro-industrial residues into value-added bioproducts, thereby contributing to the transition to a sustainable and bio-based economy. A metalloenzyme capable of oxidatively cleaving cellulose, found in a microbial community specialized in lignocellulose degradation, could enable sustainable biofuel production.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Santos, Clelton A. and Morais, Mariana A. B. and Mandelli, Fernanda and Lima, Evandro A. and Miyamoto, Renan Y. and Higasi, Paula M. R. and Araujo, Evandro A. and Paixão, Douglas A. A. and Junior, Joaquim M. and Motta, Maria L. and Streit, Rodrigo S. A. and Morão, Luana G. and Silva, Claudio B. C. and Wolf, Lucia D. and Terrasan, Cesar R. F. and Bulka, Nathalia R. and Diogo, Jose A. and Fuzita, Felipe J. and Colombari, Felippe M. and Santos, Camila R. and Rodrigues, Priscila T. and Silva, Daiane B. and Grisel, Sacha and Bernardes, Juliana S. and Terrapon, Nicolas and Lombard, Vincent and Filho, Antonio J. C. and Henrissat, Bernard and Bissaro, Bastien and Berrin, Jean-Guy and Persinoti, Gabriela F. and Murakami, Mario T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08553-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1076-1083}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A metagenomic ‘dark matter’ enzyme catalyses oxidative cellulose conversion}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Plasmodium blood stage development requires the chromatin remodeller Snf2L. NATURE, 639(8056), 1069-1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The complex life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum involves several major differentiation stages, each requiring strict control of gene expression. Fundamental changes in chromatin structure and epigenetic modifications during life cycle progression suggest a central role for these mechanisms in regulating the transcriptional program of malaria parasite development1–6. P. falciparum chromatin is distinct from other eukaryotes, with an extraordinarily high AT content (>80%)7 and highly divergent histones resulting in atypical DNA packaging properties8. Moreover, the chromatin remodellers that are critical for shaping chromatin structure are not conserved and are unexplored in P. falciparum. Here we identify P. falciparum Snf2L (PfSnf2L, encoded by PF3D7_1104200) as an ISWI-related ATPase that actively repositions P. falciparum nucleosomes in vitro. Our results demonstrate that PfSnf2L is essential, regulating both asexual development and sexual differentiation. PfSnf2L globally controls just-in-time transcription by spatiotemporally determining nucleosome positioning at the promoters of stage-specific genes. The unique sequence and functional properties of PfSnf2L led to the identification of an inhibitor that specifically kills P. falciparum and phenocopies the loss of correct gene expression timing. The inhibitor represents a new class of antimalarial transmission-blocking drugs, inhibiting gametocyte formation. Plasmodium falciparum Snf2L is an ISWI-related ATPase that actively repositions P. falciparum nucleosomes in vivo.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Watzlowik, Maria Theresia and Silberhorn, Elisabeth and Das, Sujaan and Singhal, Ritwik and Venugopal, Kannan and Holzinger, Simon and Stokes, Barbara and Schadt, Ella and Sollelis, Lauriane and Bonnell, Victoria A. and Gow, Matthew and Klingl, Andreas and Marti, Matthias and Llinás, Manuel and Meissner, Markus and Längst, Gernot}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08595-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1069-1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Plasmodium blood stage development requires the chromatin remodeller Snf2L}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses in diffuse midline gliomas. NATURE, 639(8056), 1060-1068. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the leading cause of brain cancer-related death. HGGs include clinically, anatomically and molecularly distinct subtypes that stratify into diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), such as H3K27M-altered diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, and hemispheric HGGs, such as IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Neuronal activity drives glioma progression through paracrine signalling1,2 and neuron-to-glioma synapses3–6. Glutamatergic AMPA receptor-dependent synapses between neurons and glioma cells have been demonstrated in paediatric3 and adult4 high-grade gliomas, and early work has suggested heterogeneous glioma GABAergic responses7. However, neuron-to-glioma synapses mediated by neurotransmitters other than glutamate remain understudied. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, in vivo optogenetics and patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models, we identified functional, tumour-promoting GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses mediated by GABAA receptors in DMGs. GABAergic input has a depolarizing effect on DMG cells due to NKCC1 chloride transporter function and consequently elevated intracellular chloride concentration in DMG malignant cells. As membrane depolarization increases glioma proliferation3,6, we found that the activity of GABAergic interneurons promotes DMG proliferation in vivo. The benzodiazepine lorazepam enhances GABA-mediated signalling, increases glioma proliferation and growth, and shortens survival in DMG patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models. By contrast, only minimal depolarizing GABAergic currents were found in hemispheric HGGs and lorazepam did not influence the growth rate of hemispheric glioblastoma xenografts. Together, these findings uncover growth-promoting GABAergic synaptic communication between GABAergic neurons and H3K27M-altered DMG cells, underscoring a tumour subtype-specific mechanism of brain cancer neurophysiology. Functional, tumour-promoting GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses in diffuse midline gliomas are identified.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barron, Tara and Yalçın, Belgin and Su, Minhui and Byun, Youkyeong Gloria and Gavish, Avishai and Shamardani, Kiarash and Xu, Haojun and Ni, Lijun and Soni, Neeraj and Mehta, Vilina and Maleki Jahan, Samin and Kim, Yoon Seok and Taylor, Kathryn R. and Keough, Michael B. and Quezada, Michael A. and Geraghty, Anna C. and Mancusi, Rebecca and Vo, Linh Thuy and Castañeda, Enrique Herrera and Woo, Pamelyn J. and Petritsch, Claudia K. and Vogel, Hannes and Kaila, Kai and Monje, Michelle}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08579-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1060-1068}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses in diffuse midline gliomas}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clonal driver neoantigen loss under EGFR TKI and immune selection pressures. NATURE, 639(8056), 1052-1059. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neoantigen vaccines are under investigation for various cancers, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancers1,2. We tracked the phylogenetic history of an EGFR mutant lung cancer treated with erlotinib, osimertinib, radiotherapy and a personalized neopeptide vaccine (NPV) targeting ten somatic mutations, including EGFR exon 19 deletion (ex19del). The ex19del mutation was clonal, but is likely to have appeared after a whole-genome doubling (WGD) event. Following osimertinib and NPV treatment, loss of the ex19del mutation was identified in a progressing small-cell-transformed liver metastasis. Circulating tumour DNA analyses tracking 467 somatic variants revealed the presence of this EGFR wild-type clone before vaccination and its expansion during osimertinib/NPV therapy. Despite systemic T cell reactivity to the vaccine-targeted ex19del neoantigen, the NPV failed to halt disease progression. The liver metastasis lost vaccine-targeted neoantigens through chromosomal instability and exhibited a hostile microenvironment, characterized by limited immune infiltration, low CXCL9 and elevated M2 macrophage levels. Neoantigens arising post-WGD were more likely to be absent in the progressing liver metastasis than those occurring pre-WGD, suggesting that prioritizing pre-WGD neoantigens may improve vaccine design. Data from the TRACERx 421 cohort3 provide evidence that pre-WGD mutations better represent clonal variants, and owing to their presence at multiple copy numbers, are less likely to be lost in metastatic transition. These data highlight the power of phylogenetic disease tracking and functional T cell profiling to understand mechanisms of immune escape during combination therapies. We show the evolution of a case of EGFR mutant lung cancer treated with a combination of erlotinib, osimertinib, radiotherapy and a personalized neopeptide vaccine targeting somatic mutations, including EGFR exon 19 deletion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Al Bakir, Maise and Reading, James L. and Gamble, Samuel and Rosenthal, Rachel and Uddin, Imran and Rowan, Andrew and Przewrocka, Joanna and Rogers, Amber and Wong, Yien Ning Sophia and Bentzen, Amalie K. and Veeriah, Selvaraju and Ward, Sophia and Garnett, Aaron T. and Kalavakur, Paula and Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos and Puttick, Clare and Huebner, Ariana and Cook, Daniel E. and Moore, David A. and Abbosh, Chris and Hiley, Crispin T. and Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina and Watkins, Thomas B. K. and Petkovic, Marina and Schwarz, Roland F. and Gálvez-Cancino, Felipe and Litchfield, Kevin and Meldgaard, Peter and Sorensen, Boe Sandahl and Madsen, Line Bille and Jäger, Dirk and Forster, Martin D. and Arkenau, Tobias and Domingo-Vila, Clara and Tree, Timothy I. M. and Kadivar, Mohammad and Hadrup, Sine Reker and Chain, Benny and Quezada, Sergio A. and McGranahan, Nicholas and Swanton, Charles}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08586-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1052-1059}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clonal driver neoantigen loss under EGFR TKI and immune selection pressures}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ t cells in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 639(8056), 1042-1051. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A fundamental challenge for cancer vaccines is to generate long-lived functional T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Here we find that mRNA–lipoplex vaccines against somatic mutation-derived neoantigens may solve this challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a lethal cancer with few mutations. At an extended 3.2-year median follow-up from a phase 1 trial of surgery, atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitory antibody), autogene cevumeran1 (individualized neoantigen vaccine with backbone-optimized uridine mRNA–lipoplex nanoparticles) and modified (m) FOLFIRINOX (chemotherapy) in patients with PDAC, we find that responders with vaccine-induced T cells (n = 8) have prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS; median not reached) compared with non-responders without vaccine-induced T cells (n = 8; median RFS 13.4 months; P  =  0.007). In responders, autogene cevumeran induces CD8+ T cell clones with an average estimated lifespan of 7.7 years (range 1.5 to roughly 100 years), with approximately 20% of clones having latent multi-decade lifespans that may outlive hosts. Eighty-six percent of clones per patient persist at substantial frequencies approximately 3 years post-vaccination, including clones with high avidity to PDAC neoepitopes. Using PhenoTrack, a novel computational strategy to trace single T cell phenotypes, we uncover that vaccine-induced clones are undetectable in pre-vaccination tissues, and assume a cytotoxic, tissue-resident memory-like T cell state up to three years post-vaccination with preserved neoantigen-specific effector function. Two responders recurred and evidenced fewer vaccine-induced T cells. Furthermore, recurrent PDACs were pruned of vaccine-targeted cancer clones. Thus, in PDAC, autogene cevumeran induces de novo CD8+ T cells with multiyear longevity, substantial magnitude and durable effector functions that may delay PDAC recurrence. Adjuvant mRNA–lipoplex neoantigen vaccines may thus solve a pivotal obstacle for cancer vaccination. In a phase 1 trial, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who were treated with surgery and bespoke neoantigen mRNA vaccines combined with anti-PD-L1 and chemotherapy exhibited marked long-lived persistence of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell clones, which correlated with prolonged recurrence-free survival at a 3.2-year follow-up.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sethna, Zachary and Guasp, Pablo and Reiche, Charlotte and Milighetti, Martina and Ceglia, Nicholas and Patterson, Erin and Lihm, Jayon and Payne, George and Lyudovyk, Olga and Rojas, Luis A. and Pang, Nan and Ohmoto, Akihiro and Amisaki, Masataka and Zebboudj, Abderezak and Odgerel, Zagaa and Bruno, Emmanuel M. and Zhang, Siqi Linsey and Cheng, Charlotte and Elhanati, Yuval and Derhovanessian, Evelyna and Manning, Luisa and Müller, Felicitas and Rhee, Ina and Yadav, Mahesh and Merghoub, Taha and Wolchok, Jedd D. and Basturk, Olca and Gönen, Mithat and Epstein, Andrew S. and Momtaz, Parisa and Park, Wungki and Sugarman, Ryan and Varghese, Anna M. and Won, Elizabeth and Desai, Avni and Wei, Alice C. and D’Angelica, Michael I. and Kingham, T. Peter and Soares, Kevin C. and Jarnagin, William R. and Drebin, Jeffrey and O’Reilly, Eileen M. and Mellman, Ira and Sahin, Ugur and Türeci, Özlem and Greenbaum, Benjamin D. and Balachandran, Vinod P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08508-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1042-1051}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ t cells in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cell-autonomous innate immunity by proteasome-derived defence peptides. NATURE, 639(8056), 1032-1041. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For decades, antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I for T cell-mediated immunity has been considered the primary function of proteasome-derived peptides1,2. However, whether the products of proteasomal degradation play additional parts in mounting immune responses remains unknown. Antimicrobial peptides serve as a first line of defence against invading pathogens before the adaptive immune system responds. Although the protective function of antimicrobial peptides across numerous tissues is well established, the cellular mechanisms underlying their generation are not fully understood. Here we uncover a role for proteasomes in the constitutive and bacterial-induced generation of defence peptides that impede bacterial growth both in vitro and in vivo by disrupting bacterial membranes. In silico prediction of proteome-wide proteasomal cleavage identified hundreds of thousands of potential proteasome-derived defence peptides with cationic properties that may be generated en route to degradation to act as a first line of defence. Furthermore, bacterial infection induces changes in proteasome composition and function, including PSME3 recruitment and increased tryptic-like cleavage, enhancing antimicrobial activity. Beyond providing mechanistic insights into the role of proteasomes in cell-autonomous innate immunity, our study suggests that proteasome-cleaved peptides may have previously overlooked functions downstream of degradation. From a translational standpoint, identifying proteasome-derived defence peptides could provide an untapped source of natural antibiotics for biotechnological applications and therapeutic interventions in infectious diseases and immunocompromised conditions. Proteasomal degradation of cellular proteins generate defence peptides constitutively and in response to bacterial infection. Such peptides might provide a source of natural antibiotics that could lead to biotechnology applications and therapeutic interventions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goldberg, Karin and Lobov, Arseniy and Antonello, Paola and Shmueli, Merav D. and Yakir, Idan and Weizman, Tal and Ulman, Adi and Sheban, Daoud and Laser, Einav and Kramer, Matthias P. and Shteinvil, Ronen and Chen, Guoyun and Ibraheem, Angham and Sysoeva, Vera and Fishbain-Yoskovitz, Vered and Mohapatra, Gayatree and Abramov, Anat and Shimshi, Sandy and Ogneva, Kseniia and Nandy, Madhurima and Amidror, Sivan and Bootz-Maoz, Hadar and Kuo, Shanny H. and Dezorella, Nili and Kacen, Assaf and Javitt, Aaron and Lau, Gee W. and Yissachar, Nissan and Hayouka, Zvi and Merbl, Yifat}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08615-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1032-1041}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cell-autonomous innate immunity by proteasome-derived defence peptides}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-omicron. NATURE, 639(8056), 1024-1031. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved over short timescales, leading to the emergence of more transmissible variants such as Alpha and Delta1–3. The arrival of the Omicron variant marked a major shift, introducing numerous extra mutations in the spike gene compared with earlier variants1,2. These evolutionary changes have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on immune evasion, disease severity and the effectiveness of vaccines and treatments1,3. In this epidemiological study, we identified two distinct patterns in the protective effect of natural infection against reinfection in the Omicron versus pre-Omicron eras. Before Omicron, natural infection provided strong and durable protection against reinfection, with minimal waning over time. However, during the Omicron era, protection was robust only for those recently infected, declining rapidly over time and diminishing within a year. These results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 immune protection is shaped by a dynamic interaction between host immunity and viral evolution, leading to contrasting reinfection patterns before and after Omicron’s first wave. This shift in patterns suggests a change in evolutionary pressures, with intrinsic transmissibility driving adaptation pre-Omicron and immune escape becoming dominant post-Omicron, underscoring the need for periodic vaccine updates to sustain immunity. Two distinct patterns in the protective effect of natural infection against reinfection in the Omicron variant versus pre-Omicron eras show that SARS-CoV-2 immune protection is shaped by dynamic interaction between host immunity and viral evolution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chemaitelly, Hiam and Ayoub, Houssein H. and Coyle, Peter and Tang, Patrick and Hasan, Mohammad R. and Yassine, Hadi M. and Al Thani, Asmaa A. and Al-Kanaani, Zaina and Al-Kuwari, Einas and Jeremijenko, Andrew and Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan and Latif, Ali Nizar and Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad and Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F. and Nasrallah, Gheyath K. and Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith and Butt, Adeel A. and Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid and Al-Thani, Mohamed H. and Al-Khal, Abdullatif and Bertollini, Roberto and Abu-Raddad, Laith J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08511-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1024-1031}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-omicron}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clonal candida auris and ESKAPE pathogens on the skin of residents of nursing homes. NATURE, 639(8056), 1016-1023. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat associated with increased morbidity, mortality and financial burden in nursing homes and other healthcare settings1. Residents of nursing homes are at increased risk of pathogen colonization and infection owing to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and fungi. Nursing homes act as reservoirs, amplifiers and disseminators of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare networks and across geographical regions2. Here we investigate the genomic epidemiology of the emerging, multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen Candida auris in a ventilator-capable nursing home. Coupling strain-resolved metagenomics with isolate sequencing, we report skin colonization and clonal spread of C. auris on the skin of nursing home residents and throughout a metropolitan region. We also report that most Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Entobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogens and other high-priority pathogens (including Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii) are shared in a nursing home. Integrating microbiome and clinical microbiology data, we detect carbapenemase genes at multiple skin sites on residents identified as carriers of these genes. We analyse publicly available shotgun metagenomic samples (stool and skin) collected from residents with varying medical conditions living in seven other nursing homes and provide additional evidence of previously unappreciated bacterial strain sharing. Taken together, our data suggest that skin is a reservoir for colonization by C. auris and ESKAPE pathogens and their associated antimicrobial-resistance genes. Analyses of strain-resolved metagenomics with isolate sequencing data of skin samples from residents at nursing homes suggest that skin is a reservoir for Candida auris and other multidrug-resistant bacterial species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Proctor, Diana M. and Sansom, Sarah E. and Deming, Clay and Conlan, Sean and Blaustein, Ryan A. and Atkins, Thomas K. and Dangana, Thelma and Fukuda, Christine and Thotapalli, Lahari and Kong, Heidi H. and Lin, Michael Y. and Hayden, Mary K. and Segre, Julia A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08608-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1016-1023}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clonal candida auris and ESKAPE pathogens on the skin of residents of nursing homes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A crucial role for the cortical amygdala in shaping social encounters. NATURE, 639(8056), 1006-1015. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aggression is an evolutionarily conserved behaviour that controls social hierarchies and protects valuable resources. In mice, aggressive behaviour can be broken down into an appetitive phase, which involves approach and investigation, and a consummatory phase, which involves biting, kicking and wrestling1. Here, by performing an unsupervised weighted correlation network analysis on whole-brain FOS expression in mice, we identify a cluster of brain regions, including hypothalamic and amygdalar subregions and olfactory cortical regions, that are highly co-activated in male but not in female aggressors. The posterolateral cortical amygdala (COApl)—an extended olfactory structure—was found to be a hub region, on the basis of the number and strength of correlations with other regions in the cluster. Our data also show that oestrogen receptor 1 (Esr1)-expressing cells in the COApl (COAplEsr1) exhibit increased activity during attack behaviour and during bouts of investigation that precede an attack, in male mice only. Chemogenetic or optogenetic inhibition of COAplEsr1 cells in male aggressors reduces aggression and increases pro-social investigation without affecting social reward and reinforcement behaviour. We further show that COAplEsr1 projections to the ventromedial hypothalamus and central amygdala are necessary for these behaviours. Collectively, these data suggest that, in aggressive males, COAplEsr1 cells respond specifically to social stimuli, thereby enhancing their salience and promoting attack behaviour. The posterolateral cortical amygdala and other connected brain regions have a key role in mediating the transition from investigative to aggressive behaviour in male mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aubry, Antonio V. and Durand-de Cuttoli, Romain and Karpman, Elizabeth and Fisher-Foye, Rachel L. and Parise, Lyonna F. and Cathomas, Flurin and Burnett, C. Joseph and Yang, Yewon and Yuan, Chongzhen and LaBanca, Alexa R. and Chan, Kenny L. and Winston, Kion T. and Lin, Hsiao-yun and Dackour, Farah and Tavallaei, Arman A. and Alvarez, Johana and Nishioka, Tadaaki and Morishita, Hirofumi and Froemke, Robert C. and Li, Long and Russo, Scott J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08540-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {1006-1015}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A crucial role for the cortical amygdala in shaping social encounters}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Left–right-alternating theta sweeps in entorhinal–hippocampal maps of space. NATURE, 639(8056), 995-1005. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are elements of a neural map of self position1–5. For these cells to benefit navigation, their representation must be dynamically related to the surrounding locations2. A candidate mechanism for linking places along an animal’s path has been described for place cells, in which the sequence of spikes in each cycle of the hippocampal theta oscillation encodes a trajectory from the animal’s current location towards upcoming locations6–8. In mazes that bifurcate, such trajectories alternately traverse the two upcoming arms when the animal approaches the choice point9,10, raising the possibility that the trajectories express available forward paths encoded on previous trials10. However, to bridge the animal’s path with the wider environment, beyond places previously or subsequently visited, an experience-independent spatial sampling mechanism might be required. Here we show in freely moving rats that in individual theta cycles, ensembles of grid cells and place cells encode a position signal that sweeps linearly outwards from the animal’s location into the ambient environment, with sweep direction alternating stereotypically between left and right across successive theta cycles. These sweeps are accompanied by, and aligned with, a similarly alternating directional signal in a discrete population of parasubiculum cells that have putative connections to grid cells via conjunctive grid × direction cells. Sweeps extend into never-visited locations that are inaccessible to the animal. Sweeps persist during REM sleep. The sweep directions can be explained by an algorithm that maximizes the cumulative coverage of the surrounding manifold space. The sustained and unconditional expression of theta-patterned left–right-alternating sweeps in the entorhinal–hippocampal positioning system provides an efficient ‘look around’ mechanism for sampling locations beyond the travelled path. A study in rats proposes a mechanism for how the brain maps the surrounding environment, including places it has never seen, by alternating left and right forward sweeps in successive theta cycles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vollan, Abraham Z. and Gardner, Richard J. and Moser, May-Britt and Moser, Edvard I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08527-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {995-1005}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Left–right-alternating theta sweeps in entorhinal–hippocampal maps of space}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glycocalyx dysregulation impairs blood–brain barrier in ageing and disease. NATURE, 639(8056), 985-994. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is highly specialized to protect the brain from harmful circulating factors in the blood and maintain brain homeostasis1,2. The brain endothelial glycocalyx layer, a carbohydrate-rich meshwork composed primarily of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids that coats the BBB lumen, is a key structural component of the BBB3,4. This layer forms the first interface between the blood and brain vasculature, yet little is known about its composition and roles in supporting BBB function in homeostatic and diseased states. Here we find that the brain endothelial glycocalyx is highly dysregulated during ageing and neurodegenerative disease. We identify significant perturbation in an underexplored class of densely O-glycosylated proteins known as mucin-domain glycoproteins. We demonstrate that ageing- and disease-associated aberrations in brain endothelial mucin-domain glycoproteins lead to dysregulated BBB function and, in severe cases, brain haemorrhaging in mice. Finally, we demonstrate that we can improve BBB function and reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in aged mice by restoring core 1 mucin-type O-glycans to the brain endothelium using adeno-associated viruses. Cumulatively, our findings provide a detailed compositional and structural mapping of the ageing brain endothelial glycocalyx layer and reveal important consequences of ageing- and disease-associated glycocalyx dysregulation on BBB integrity and brain health. Disruption of mucin-domain glycoprotein expression and function in the endothelial glycocalyx are associated with ageing and Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysregulated blood–brain barrier function.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shi, Sophia M. and Suh, Ryan J. and Shon, D. Judy and Garcia, Francisco J. and Buff, Josephine K. and Atkins, Micaiah and Li, Lulin and Lu, Nannan and Sun, Bryan and Luo, Jian and To, Ning-Sum and Cheung, Tom H. and McNerney, M. Windy and Heiman, Myriam and Bertozzi, Carolyn R. and Wyss-Coray, Tony}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08589-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {985-994}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glycocalyx dysregulation impairs blood–brain barrier in ageing and disease}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Measuring racial educational disparities over time amongst top achievers. NATURE, 639(8056), 976-984. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Educational disparities remain a key contributor to increasing social and wealth inequalities. To address this, researchers and policymakers have focused on average differences between racial groups or differences among students who are falling behind1. This focus potentially leads to educational triage, diverting resources away from high-achieving students, including those from racial minorities2,3. Here we focus on the ‘racial excellence gap’—the difference in the likelihood that students from racial minorities (Black and Hispanic) reach the highest levels of academic achievement compared with their non-minority (white and Asian) peers. There is a shortage of evidence that systematically measures the magnitude of the excellence gap and how it evolves4,5. Using longitudinal, statewide, administrative data, we document eight facts regarding the excellence gap from third grade (typically ages 8–9) to high school (typically ages 14–18), link the stability of excellence gaps and student backgrounds, and assess the efficacy of public policies. We show that excellence gaps in maths and reading are evident by the third grade and grow slightly over time, especially for female students. About one third of the gap is explained by a student’s socioeconomic status, and about one tenth is explained by the school environment. Top-achieving racial minority students are also less likely to persist in excellence as they progress through school. Moreover, state accountability policies that direct additional resources to reduce non-race-based inequality6 had minimal effects on the racial excellence gaps. Documenting these patterns is an important step towards eliminating excellence gaps and removing the ‘racial glass ceiling’. Data from Michigan, USA, systematically document that comparatively fewer students from racial minorities excel in maths and reading, and that this gap grows as students progress through school.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Karna, Uditi and Lee, Min Sok and List, John A. and Simon, Andrew and Uchida, Haruka}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08536-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {976-984}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Measuring racial educational disparities over time amongst top achievers}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder. NATURE, 639(8056), 968-975. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease1. Despite high heritability (60–80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown2. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.8 million controls), combining clinical, community and self-reported samples. We identified 298 genome-wide significant loci in the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, a fourfold increase over previous findings3, and identified an ancestry-specific association in the East Asian cohort. Integrating results from fine-mapping and other variant-to-gene mapping approaches identified 36 credible genes in the aetiology of bipolar disorder. Genes prioritized through fine-mapping were enriched for ultra-rare damaging missense and protein-truncating variations in cases with bipolar disorder4, highlighting convergence of common and rare variant signals. We report differences in the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder depending on the source of patient ascertainment and on bipolar disorder subtype (type I or type II). Several analyses implicate specific cell types in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, including GABAergic interneurons and medium spiny neurons. Together, these analyses provide additional insights into the genetic architecture and biological underpinnings of bipolar disorder. Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Connell, Kevin S. and Koromina, Maria and van der Veen, Tracey and Boltz, Toni and David, Friederike S. and Yang, Jessica Mei Kay and Lin, Keng-Han and Wang, Xin and Coleman, Jonathan R. I. and Mitchell, Brittany L. and McGrouther, Caroline C. and Rangan, Aaditya V. and Lind, Penelope A. and Koch, Elise and Harder, Arvid and Parker, Nadine and Bendl, Jaroslav and Adorjan, Kristina and Agerbo, Esben and Albani, Diego and Alemany, Silvia and Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney and Als, Thomas D. and Andlauer, Till F. M. and Antoniou, Anastasia and Ask, Helga and Bass, Nicholas and Bauer, Michael and Beins, Eva C. and Bigdeli, Tim B. and Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker and Boks, Marco P. and Børte, Sigrid and Bosch, Rosa and Brum, Murielle and Brumpton, Ben M. and Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie and Budde, Monika and Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas and Byerley, William and Cabana-Domínguez, Judit and Cairns, Murray J. and Carpiniello, Bernardo and Casas, Miquel and Cervantes, Pablo and Chatzinakos, Chris and Chen, Hsi-Chung and Clarence, Tereza and Clarke, Toni-Kim and Claus, Isabelle and Coombes, Brandon and Corfield, Elizabeth C. and Cruceanu, Cristiana and Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo and Czerski, Piotr M. and Dafnas, Konstantinos and Dale, Anders M. and Dalkner, Nina and Degenhardt, Franziska and DePaulo, J. Raymond and Djurovic, Srdjan and Drange, Ole Kristian and Escott-Price, Valentina and Fanous, Ayman H. and Fellendorf, Frederike T. and Ferrier, I. Nicol and Forty, Liz and Frank, Josef and Frei, Oleksandr and Freimer, Nelson B. and Fullard, John F. and Garnham, Julie and Gizer, Ian R. and Gordon, Scott D. and Gordon-Smith, Katherine and Greenwood, Tiffany A. and Grove, Jakob and Guzman-Parra, José and Ha, Tae Hyon and Hahn, Tim and Haraldsson, Magnus and Hautzinger, Martin and Havdahl, Alexandra and Heilbronner, Urs and Hellgren, Dennis and Herms, Stefan and Hickie, Ian B. and Hoffmann, Per and Holmans, Peter A. and Huang, Ming-Chyi and Ikeda, Masashi and Jamain, Stéphane and Johnson, Jessica S. and Jonsson, Lina and Kalman, Janos L. and Kamatani, Yoichiro and Kennedy, James L. and Kim, Euitae and Kim, Jaeyoung and Kittel-Schneider, Sarah and Knowles, James A. and Kogevinas, Manolis and Kranz, Thorsten M. and Krebs, Kristi and Kushner, Steven A. and Lavebratt, Catharina and Lawrence, Jacob and Leber, Markus and Lee, Heon-Jeong and Liao, Calwing and Lucae, Susanne and Lundberg, Martin and MacIntyre, Donald J. and Maier, Wolfgang and Maihofer, Adam X. and Malaspina, Dolores and Manchia, Mirko and Maratou, Eirini and Martinsson, Lina and Mattheisen, Manuel and McGregor, Nathaniel W. and McInnis, Melvin G. and McKay, James D. and Medeiros, Helena and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Millischer, Vincent and Morris, Derek W. and Moutsatsou, Paraskevi and Mühleisen, Thomas W. and O’Donovan, Claire and Olsen, Catherine M. and Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia and Papiol, Sergi and Pardiñas, Antonio F. and Park, Hye Youn and Perry, Amy and Pfennig, Andrea and Pisanu, Claudia and Potash, James B. and Quested, Digby and Rapaport, Mark H. and Regeer, Eline J. and Rice, John P. and Rivera, Margarita and Schulte, Eva C. and Senner, Fanny and Shadrin, Alexey and Shilling, Paul D. and Sigurdsson, Engilbert and Sindermann, Lisa and Sirignano, Lea and Siskind, Dan and Slaney, Claire and Sloofman, Laura G. and Smeland, Olav B. and Smith, Daniel J. and Sobell, Janet L. and Soler Artigas, Maria and Stein, Dan J. and Stein, Frederike and Su, Mei-Hsin and Sung, Heejong and Świątkowska, Beata and Terao, Chikashi and Tesfaye, Markos and Tesli, Martin and Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. and Thorp, Jackson G. and Toma, Claudio and Tondo, Leonardo and Tooney, Paul A. and Tsai, Shih-Jen and Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini and Vawter, Marquis P. and Vedder, Helmut and Vreeker, Annabel and Walters, James T. R. and Winsvold, Bendik S. and Witt, Stephanie H. and Won, Hong-Hee and Ye, Robert and Young, Allan H. and Zandi, Peter P. and Zillich, Lea and Adolfsson, Rolf and Alda, Martin and Alfredsson, Lars and Backlund, Lena and Baune, Bernhard T. and Bellivier, Frank and Bengesser, Susanne and Berrettini, Wade H. and Biernacka, Joanna M. and Boehnke, Michael and Børglum, Anders D. and Breen, Gerome and Carr, Vaughan J. and Catts, Stanley and Cichon, Sven and Corvin, Aiden and Craddock, Nicholas and Dannlowski, Udo and Dikeos, Dimitris and Etain, Bruno and Ferentinos, Panagiotis and Frye, Mark and Fullerton, Janice M. and Gawlik, Micha and Gershon, Elliot S. and Goes, Fernando S. and Green, Melissa J. and Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria and Hauser, Joanna and Henskens, Frans A. and Hjerling-Leffler, Jens and Hougaard, David M. and Hveem, Kristian and Iwata, Nakao and Jones, Ian and Jones, Lisa A. and Kahn, René S. and Kelsoe, John R. and Kircher, Tilo and Kirov, George and Kuo, Po-Hsiu and Landén, Mikael and Leboyer, Marion and Li, Qingqin S. and Lissowska, Jolanta and Lochner, Christine and Loughland, Carmel and Luykx, Jurjen J. and Martin, Nicholas G. and Mathews, Carol A. and Mayoral, Fermin and McElroy, Susan L. and McIntosh, Andrew M. and McMahon, Francis J. and Medland, Sarah E. and Melle, Ingrid and Milani, Lili and Mitchell, Philip B. and Morken, Gunnar and Mors, Ole and Mortensen, Preben Bo and Müller-Myhsok, Bertram and Myers, Richard M. and Myung, Woojae and Neale, Benjamin M. and Nievergelt, Caroline M. and Nordentoft, Merete and Nöthen, Markus M. and Nurnberger, John I. and O’Donovan, Michael C. and Oedegaard, Ketil J. and Olsson, Tomas and Owen, Michael J. and Paciga, Sara A. and Pantelis, Christos and Pato, Carlos N. and Pato, Michele T. and Patrinos, George P. and Pawlak, Joanna M. and Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni and Reif, Andreas and Reininghaus, Eva Z. and Ribasés, Marta and Rietschel, Marcella and Ripke, Stephan and Rouleau, Guy A. and Roussos, Panos and Saito, Takeo and Schall, Ulrich and Schalling, Martin and Schofield, Peter R. and Schulze, Thomas G. and Scott, Laura J. and Scott, Rodney J. and Serretti, Alessandro and Smoller, Jordan W. and Squassina, Alessio and Stahl, Eli A. and Stefansson, Hreinn and Stefansson, Kari and Stordal, Eystein and Streit, Fabian and Sullivan, Patrick F. and Turecki, Gustavo and Vaaler, Arne E. and Vieta, Eduard and Vincent, John B. and Waldman, Irwin D. and Weickert, Cynthia S. and Weickert, Thomas W. and Werge, Thomas and Whiteman, David C. and Zwart, John-Anker and Edenberg, Howard J. and McQuillin, Andrew and Forstner, Andreas J. and Mullins, Niamh and Di Florio, Arianna and Ophoff, Roel A. and Andreassen, Ole A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08468-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {968-975}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolutionary lability of a key innovation spurs rapid diversification. NATURE, 639(8056), 962-967. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rates of lineage diversification vary considerably across the tree of life, often as a result of evolutionary innovations1–5. Although the ability to produce new traits can vary between clades and may drive ecological transitions6–9, the impact of differences in the pace at which innovations evolve at macroevolutionary scales has been overlooked. Complex teeth are one innovation that contributed to the evolutionary success of major vertebrate lineages10–12. Here we show that evolutionary lability of tooth complexity, but not complexity itself, spurs rapid diversification across ray-finned fishes. Speciation rates are five times higher when transitions between simple and complex teeth occur rapidly. We find that African cichlids are unique among all fishes; they are dominated by lineages that transition between simple and complex teeth at unparalleled rates. This innovation interacted with the ecological versatility of complex teeth to spur rapid adaptive radiations in lakes Malawi, Victoria and Barombi Mbo. The marked effect on diversification stems from the tight association of tooth complexity with microhabitat and diet. Our results show that phylogenetic variation in how innovations evolve can have a stronger effect on patterns of diversification than the innovation itself. Investigating the impact of innovations from this new perspective will probably implicate more traits in causing heterogeneous diversification rates across the tree of life. A study shows that the rapid diversification of cichlids in African lakes is driven by their ability to evolve between having simple or complex teeth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peoples, Nick and Burns, Michael D. and Mihalitsis, Michalis and Wainwright, Peter C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08612-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {962-967}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolutionary lability of a key innovation spurs rapid diversification}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Vulnerability of amphibians to global warming. NATURE, 639(8056), 954-961. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrates, yet their resilience to rising temperatures remains poorly understood1,2. This is primarily because knowledge of thermal tolerance is taxonomically and geographically biased3, compromising global climate vulnerability assessments. Here we used a phylogenetically informed data-imputation approach to predict the heat tolerance of 60% of amphibian species and assessed their vulnerability to daily temperature variations in thermal refugia. We found that 104 out of 5,203 species (2%) are currently exposed to overheating events in shaded terrestrial conditions. Despite accounting for heat-tolerance plasticity, a 4 °C global temperature increase would create a step change in impact severity, pushing 7.5% of species beyond their physiological limits. In the Southern Hemisphere, tropical species encounter disproportionally more overheating events, while non-tropical species are more susceptible in the Northern Hemisphere. These findings challenge evidence for a general latitudinal gradient in overheating risk4–6 and underscore the importance of considering climatic variability in vulnerability assessments. We provide conservative estimates assuming access to cool shaded microenvironments. Thus, the impacts of global warming will probably exceed our projections. Our microclimate-explicit analyses demonstrate that vegetation and water bodies are critical in buffering amphibians during heat waves. Immediate action is needed to preserve and manage these microhabitat features. A 4 °C global temperature increase would push 7.5% of amphibian species beyond their physiological limits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pottier, Patrice and Kearney, Michael R. and Wu, Nicholas C. and Gunderson, Alex R. and Rej, Julie E. and Rivera-Villanueva, A. Nayelli and Pollo, Pietro and Burke, Samantha and Drobniak, Szymon M. and Nakagawa, Shinichi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08665-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {954-961}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Vulnerability of amphibians to global warming}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sliding and healing of frictional interfaces that appear stationary. NATURE, 639(8056), 947-953. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Frictional interfaces are found in systems ranging from biological joints to earthquake faults. When and how these interfaces slide is a fundamental problem in geosciences and engineering1–20. It is believed that there exists a threshold shear force, called static friction, below which the interface is stationary4,10, despite many studies suggesting that this concept is outdated1,21–28. By contrast, rate-and-state friction formulations1,26,27 predict that interfaces are always sliding29, but this feature is often considered an artefact that calls for modifications30. Here we show that nominally stationary interfaces subjected to constant shear and normal loads, with a driving force that is notably below the classically defined static friction for which creep is known to occur9,27–29, are sliding, but with diminishingly small rates down to 10−12 m s−1. Our precise measurements directly at the interface are enabled by digital image correlation18,31,32. This behaviour contradicts classical models of friction but confirms the prediction of rate-and-state friction1,26,27. The diminishing slip rates of nominally stationary interfaces reflect interface healing, which would manifest itself in higher peak friction in subsequent slip events15,27,33, such as earthquakes and landslides, substantially modifying their nucleation and propagation and hence their hazard3,12,13,34. Digital image correlation measurements show that nominally stationary interfaces subjected to constant shear and normal loads are sliding at extremely small rates, confirming the predictions of rate-and-state friction formulations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sirorattanakul, Krittanon and Larochelle, Stacy and Rubino, Vito and Lapusta, Nadia and Rosakis, Ares J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08673-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {947-953}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sliding and healing of frictional interfaces that appear stationary}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 unlikely but not unexpected. NATURE, 639(8056), 942-946. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Global ocean surface temperatures were at record levels for more than a year from April 2023 onwards, exceeding the previous record in 2015–2016 by 0.25 °C on average between April 2023 and March 20241. The nearly global extent and unprecedented intensity of this event prompted questions about how exceptional it was and whether climate models can represent such record-shattering jumps in surface ocean temperatures2. Here we construct observation-based synthetic time series to show that a jump in global sea surface temperatures that breaks the previous record by at least 0.25 °C is a 1-in-512-year event under the current long-term warming trend (1-in-205-year to 1-in-1,185-year event; 95% confidence interval). Without a global warming trend, such an event would have been practically impossible. Using 270 simulations from a wide range of fully coupled climate models, we show that these models successfully simulate such record-shattering jumps in global ocean surface temperatures, underpinning the models’ usefulness in understanding the characteristics, drivers and consequences of such events. These model simulations suggest that the record-shattering jump in surface ocean temperatures in 2023–2024 was an extreme event after which surface ocean temperatures are expected to revert to the expected long-term warming trend. Observations and climate models suggest that the global sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 was not unexpected and would have been nearly impossible without anthropogenic warming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Terhaar, Jens and Burger, Friedrich A. and Vogt, Linus and Frölicher, Thomas L. and Stocker, Thomas F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08674-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {942-946}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 unlikely but not unexpected}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Adaptive locomotion of active solids. NATURE, 639(8056), 935-941. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Active systems composed of energy-generating microscopic constituents are a promising platform to create autonomous functional materials1–16 that can, for example, locomote through complex and unpredictable environments. Yet coaxing these energy sources into useful mechanical work has proved challenging. Here we engineer active solids based on centimetre-scale building blocks that perform adaptive locomotion. These prototypes exhibit a non-variational form of elasticity characterized by odd moduli8,12,17, whose magnitude we predict from microscopics using coarse-grained theories and which we validate experimentally. When interacting with an external environment, these active solids spontaneously undergo limit cycles of shape changes, which naturally lead to locomotion such as rolling and crawling. The robustness of the locomotion is rooted in an emergent feedback loop between the active solid and the environment, which is mediated by elastic deformations and stresses. As a result, our active solids are able to accelerate, adjust their gaits and locomote through a variety of terrains with a similar performance to more complex control strategies implemented by neural networks. Our work establishes active solids as a bridge between materials and robots and suggests decentralized strategies to control the nonlinear dynamics of biological systems8,18–22, soft materials5,6,9,11,12,23–25 and driven nanomechanical devices7,26–30. The development of active solids based on centimetre-scale building blocks incorporating odd elasticity shows that they can spontaneously undergo limit cycles of shape changes, leading to adaptive locomotion such as rolling and crawling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Veenstra, Jonas and Scheibner, Colin and Brandenbourger, Martin and Binysh, Jack and Souslov, Anton and Vitelli, Vincenzo and Coulais, Corentin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08646-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {935-941}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Adaptive locomotion of active solids}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An ultra-broadband photonic-chip-based parametric amplifier. NATURE, 639(8056), 928-934. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Optical amplification, crucial for modern communication, primarily relies on erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs)1,2. Yet, EDFAs only cover a portion of the low-loss spectrum of optical fibres. This has motivated the development of amplifiers operating beyond the erbium gain window. Pioneering work on optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs)3,4 using intrinsic third-order optical nonlinearity has led to demonstrations of increased channel capacity. OPAs offer high gain, can reach the 3-dB quantum limit for phase-preserving amplifiers and exhibit unidirectional operation. However, power requirements for highly nonlinear fibres3,5–8 or bulk waveguides9,10 have impeded their adoption. By contrast, OPAs based on integrated photonic circuits offer the advantages of substantially increased mode confinement and optical nonlinearity but have been limited in bandwidth11,12. We overcome this challenge by using low-loss gallium phosphide-on-silicon dioxide13–15 photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and attain up to 35 dB of parametric gain with waveguides only a few centimetres long in a compact footprint of 0.25 square millimetres. Fibre-to-fibre net gain exceeding 10 dB across an ultra-broad bandwidth of approximately 140 nm (that is, 17 THz) is achieved, with a threefold increase in the gain window compared with C-band EDFAs. We further demonstrate a high dynamic range for input signals, spanning six orders of magnitude, while maintaining a low noise figure. We exploit these performance characteristics to amplify coherent communication signals. This marks, to our knowledge, the first ultra-broadband, high-gain, continuous-wave amplification in a photonic chip, opening up new capabilities for next-generation integrated photonics. An optical parametric amplifier based on integrated photonic circuits fabricated using low-loss gallium phosphide-on-silicon dioxide demonstrates improved bandwidth and gain performance over state-of-the-art erbium-doped fibre amplifiers while maintaining a low noise figure.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kuznetsov, Nikolai and Nardi, Alberto and Riemensberger, Johann and Davydova, Alisa and Churaev, Mikhail and Seidler, Paul and Kippenberg, Tobias J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08666-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {928-934}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An ultra-broadband photonic-chip-based parametric amplifier}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Down-converted photon pairs in a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator. NATURE, 639(8056), 922-927. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC)1 are central to many quantum applications2–6. SPDC is typically performed in non-centrosymmetric systems7 with an inherent second-order nonlinearity (χ(2))8–10. We demonstrate strong narrowband SPDC with an on-chip rate of 0.8 million pairs per second in Si3N4. Si3N4 is the pre-eminent material for photonic integration and also exhibits the lowest waveguide loss (which is essential for integrated quantum circuits). However, being amorphous, silicon nitride lacks an intrinsic χ(2), which limits its role in photonic quantum devices. We enabled SPDC in Si3N4 by combining strong light-field enhancement inside a high optical Q-factor microcavity with an optically induced space-charge field. We present narrowband photon pairs with a high spectral brightness. The quantum nature of the down-converted photon pairs is verified through coincidence measurements. This light source, based on Si3N4 integrated photonics technology, unlocks new avenues for quantum systems on a chip. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion was used to generate narrowband photon pairs with a high spectral brightness in a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Bohan and Yuan, Zhiquan and Williams, James and Jin, Warren and Beckert, Adrian and Xie, Tian and Guo, Joel and Feshali, Avi and Paniccia, Mario and Faraon, Andrei and Bowers, John and Marandi, Alireza and Vahala, Kerry}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08662-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {922-927}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Down-converted photon pairs in a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hyperbolic phonon-polariton electroluminescence in 2D heterostructures. NATURE, 639(8056), 915-921. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Phonon polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the coherent coupling of photons with optical phonons in polar dielectrics1. Owing to their exceptional ability to confine electric fields to deep-subwavelength scales with low loss, they are uniquely poised to enable a suite of applications beyond the reach of conventional photonics, such as subdiffraction imaging2 and near-field energy transfer3–5. The conventional approach to exciting phonon polaritons through optical methods, however, involves costly light sources along with near-field schemes6,7, and generally leads to low excitation efficiency owing to substantial momentum mismatch between phonon polaritons and free-space photons. Here we demonstrate that under proper conditions, phonon polaritons can be excited all-electrically by drifting charge carriers. Specifically, in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphene heterostructures, by electrically driving charge carriers in ultrahigh-mobility graphene out of equilibrium, we observe bright electroluminescence of hBN’s hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) at mid-infrared frequencies, which shows a temperature and carrier density dependence distinct from black-body thermal emission. Moreover, the carrier density dependence of the HPhP electroluminescence spectra reveals that HPhP electroluminescence can arise from both interband transition and intraband Cherenkov radiation8 of charge carriers in graphene. The HPhP electroluminescence offers avenues for realizing electrically pumped mid-infrared and terahertz phonon-polariton light sources. All-electrical excitation of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride by drifting charge carriers in nearby graphene results in electroluminescence at mid-infrared frequencies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Qiushi and Esin, Iliya and Li, Cheng and Chen, Chen and Han, Guanyu and Liu, Song and Edgar, James H. and Zhou, Selina and Demler, Eugene and Refael, Gil and Xia, Fengnian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08686-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {915-921}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hyperbolic phonon-polariton electroluminescence in 2D heterostructures}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electroluminescence and energy transfer mediated by hyperbolic polaritons. NATURE, 639(8056), 909-914. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Under high electrical current, some materials can emit electromagnetic radiation beyond incandescence. This phenomenon, referred to as electroluminescence, leads to the efficient emission of visible photons and is the basis of domestic lighting devices (for example, light-emitting diodes)1,2. In principle, electroluminescence can lead to mid-infrared emission of confined light–matter excitations called phonon polaritons3,4, resulting from the coupling of photons with crystal lattice vibrations (optical phonons). In particular, phonon polaritons arising in the van der Waals crystal hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) present hyperbolic dispersion, which enhances light–matter coupling5,6. For this reason, electroluminescence of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) has been proposed as an explanation for the peculiar radiative energy transfer within hBN-encapsulated graphene transistors7,8. However, as HPhPs are locally confined, they are inaccessible in the far field, and as such, any hint of electroluminescence has been based on indirect electronic signatures and has yet to be confirmed by direct observation. Here we demonstrate far-field mid-infrared (wavelength approximately 6.5 μm) electroluminescence of HPhPs excited by strongly biased high-mobility graphene within a van der Waals heterostructure, and we quantify the associated radiative energy transfer through the material. The presence of HPhPs is revealed by far-field mid-infrared spectroscopy owing to their elastic scattering at discontinuities in the heterostructure. The resulting radiative flux is quantified by mid-infrared pyrometry of the substrate receiving the energy. This radiative energy transfer is also shown to be reduced in hBN with nanoscale inhomogeneities, demonstrating the central role of the electromagnetic environment in this process. Far-field mid-infrared spectroscopy reveals both the electroluminescence of hyperbolic phonon polaritons of hexagonal boron nitride excited by strongly biased graphene, and the associated radiative energy transfer through the material.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abou-Hamdan, Loubnan and Schmitt, Aurélien and Bretel, Rémi and Rossetti, Sylvio and Tharrault, Marin and Mele, David and Pierret, Aurélie and Rosticher, Michael and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Maestre, Camille and Journet, Catherine and Toury, Bérangère and Garnier, Vincent and Steyer, Philippe and Edgar, James H. and Janzen, Eli and Berroir, Jean-Marc and Fève, Gwendal and Ménard, Gerbold and Plaçais, Bernard and Voisin, Christophe and Hugonin, Jean-Paul and Bailly, Elise and Vest, Benjamin and Greffet, Jean-Jacques and Bouchon, Patrick and De Wilde, Yannick and Baudin, Emmanuel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08627-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {909-914}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electroluminescence and energy transfer mediated by hyperbolic polaritons}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Vertical structure of an exoplanet’s atmospheric jet stream. NATURE, 639(8056), 902-908. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultra-hot Jupiters, an extreme class of planets not found in our Solar System, provide a unique window into atmospheric processes. The extreme temperature contrasts between their day and night sides pose a fundamental climate puzzle: how is energy distributed? To address this, we must observe the three-dimensional structure of these atmospheres, particularly their vertical circulation patterns that can serve as a testbed for advanced global circulation models, for example, in ref. 1. Here we show a notable shift in atmospheric circulation in an ultra-hot Jupiter: a unilateral flow from the hot star-facing side to the cooler space-facing side of the planet sits below an equatorial super-rotational jet stream. By resolving the vertical structure of atmospheric dynamics, we move beyond integrated global snapshots of the atmosphere, enabling more accurate identification of flow patterns and allowing for a more nuanced comparison to models. Global circulation models based on first principles struggle to replicate the observed circulation pattern2 underscoring a critical gap between theoretical understanding of atmospheric flows and observational evidence. This work serves as a testbed to develop more comprehensive models applicable beyond our Solar System as we prepare for the next generation of giant telescopes. Ultra-hot Jupiters provide a unique window into atmospheric processes and this in-depth study enables integrated global snapshots of the atmosphere and more accurate identification of flow patterns, thus allowing for better comparison to models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Seidel, Julia V. and Prinoth, Bibiana and Pino, Lorenzo and dos Santos, Leonardo A. and Chakraborty, Hritam and Parmentier, Vivien and Sedaghati, Elyar and Wardenier, Joost P. and Farret Jentink, Casper and Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa and Allart, Romain and Ehrenreich, David and Lendl, Monika and Roccetti, Giulia and Damasceno, Yuri and Bourrier, Vincent and Lillo-Box, Jorge and Hoeijmakers, H. Jens and Pallé, Enric and Santos, Nuno and Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro and Sousa, Sergio G. and Tabernero, Hugo M. and Pepe, Francesco A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08664-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {902-908}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Vertical structure of an exoplanet’s atmospheric jet stream}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Witnessing the onset of reionization through lyman-α emission at redshift 13. NATURE, 639(8056), 897-901. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cosmic reionization began when ultraviolet (UV) radiation produced in the first galaxies began illuminating the cold, neutral gas that filled the primordial Universe1,2. Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have shown that surprisingly UV-bright galaxies were in place beyond redshift z = 14, when the Universe was less than 300 Myr old3–5. Smooth turnovers of their UV continua have been interpreted as damping-wing absorption of Lyman-α (Ly-α), the principal hydrogen transition6–9. However, spectral signatures encoding crucial properties of these sources, such as their emergent radiation field, largely remain elusive. Here we report spectroscopy from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES10) of a galaxy at redshift z = 13.0 that reveals a singular, bright emission line unambiguously identified as Ly-α, as well as a smooth turnover. We observe an equivalent width of EWLy-α > 40 Å (rest frame), previously only seen at z < 9 where the intervening intergalactic medium becomes increasingly ionized11. Together with an extremely blue UV continuum, the unexpected Ly-α emission indicates that the galaxy is a prolific producer and leaker of ionizing photons. This suggests that massive, hot stars or an active galactic nucleus have created an early reionized region to prevent complete extinction of Ly-α, thus shedding new light on the nature of the earliest galaxies and the onset of reionization only 330 Myr after the Big Bang. Spectroscopy from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey of a galaxy at redshift 13 shows a singular, bright emission line identified as Lyman-α, suggesting the onset of reionization only 330 Myr after the Big Bang.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witstok, Joris and Jakobsen, Peter and Maiolino, Roberto and Helton, Jakob M. and Johnson, Benjamin D. and Robertson, Brant E. and Tacchella, Sandro and Cameron, Alex J. and Smit, Renske and Bunker, Andrew J. and Saxena, Aayush and Sun, Fengwu and Alberts, Stacey and Arribas, Santiago and Baker, William M. and Bhatawdekar, Rachana and Boyett, Kristan and Cargile, Phillip A. and Carniani, Stefano and Charlot, Stéphane and Chevallard, Jacopo and Curti, Mirko and Curtis-Lake, Emma and D’Eugenio, Francesco and Eisenstein, Daniel J. and Hainline, Kevin N. and Jones, Gareth C. and Kumari, Nimisha and Maseda, Michael V. and Pérez-González, Pablo G. and Rinaldi, Pierluigi and Scholtz, Jan and Übler, Hannah and Williams, Christina C. and Willmer, Christopher N. A. and Willott, Chris and Zhu, Yongda}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08779-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {897-901}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Witnessing the onset of reionization through lyman-α emission at redshift 13}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multimodal generative AI for medical image interpretation. NATURE, 639(8056), 888-896. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Accurately interpreting medical images and generating insightful narrative reports is indispensable for patient care but places heavy burdens on clinical experts. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially in an area that we refer to as multimodal generative medical image interpretation (GenMI), create opportunities to automate parts of this complex process. In this Perspective, we synthesize progress and challenges in developing AI systems for generation of medical reports from images. We focus extensively on radiology as a domain with enormous reporting needs and research efforts. In addition to analysing the strengths and applications of new models for medical report generation, we advocate for a novel paradigm to deploy GenMI in a manner that empowers clinicians and their patients. Initial research suggests that GenMI could one day match human expert performance in generating reports across disciplines, such as radiology, pathology and dermatology. However, formidable obstacles remain in validating model accuracy, ensuring transparency and eliciting nuanced impressions. If carefully implemented, GenMI could meaningfully assist clinicians in improving quality of care, enhancing medical education, reducing workloads, expanding specialty access and providing real-time expertise. Overall, we highlight opportunities alongside key challenges for developing multimodal generative AI that complements human experts for reliable medical report writing. This Perspective describes how recent advances in artificial intelligence could be used to automate medical image interpretation to complement human expertise and empower physicians and patients.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rao, Vishwanatha M. and Hla, Michael and Moor, Michael and Adithan, Subathra and Kwak, Stephen and Topol, Eric J. and Rajpurkar, Pranav}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08675-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {888-896}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multimodal generative AI for medical image interpretation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The other climate crisis. NATURE, 639(8056), 877-887. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As Earth warms, regional climate signals are accumulating. Some signals, for example, land warming more than the ocean and the Arctic warming the most, were expected and successfully predicted. Underlying this success was the application of physical laws under the assumption that large and small spatial scales are well separated. This established what we call the standard approach, climate science’s dominant paradigm. With additional warming, however, discrepancies between real-world signals and expectations based on this standard approach are piling up, especially at regional scales. At the same time, disruptive computational approaches are advancing new paradigms. Philosophers of science characterize situations where accumulating discrepancies (anomalies) and disruptions lead to a loss of confidence in the dominant paradigm as a ‘crisis’. Here we articulate what we consider to be the dominant paradigm, or standard approach, and the discrepancies and disruptions that have emerged in recent years. The policy implications of a purported crisis are discussed, as well as paths forward, crisis or no crisis. These paths include using signals to test assumptions and processes driving a warming Earth for the first time, developing testable hypotheses, and revitalizing conceptual thinking by filling gaps across climate-system components and spatial scales. The standard approach of climate science is showing signs of a crisis owing to the emergence of discrepancies and disruptions in recent years; this Perspective discusses the policy implications and the paths forward.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shaw, Tiffany A. and Stevens, Bjorn}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08680-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {877-887}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The other climate crisis}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fossilized dinosaur cells that defied the ravages of time — 20 years since a key discovery. NATURE, 639(8056), 875-876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The 2005 finding of cells and blood vessels in dinosaur bone launched a systematic search for fossil remnants of biomolecules, creating innovations in methods and applications. The 2005 finding of cells and blood vessels in dinosaur bone launched a systematic search for fossil remnants of biomolecules, creating innovations in methods and applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wiemann, Jasmina}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00733-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {875-876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fossilized dinosaur cells that defied the ravages of time — 20 years since a key discovery}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why is my cello howling?. NATURE, 639(8056), 875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A musician’s query as to the origin of a warped ‘wolf’ tone, and a review of a book by physicist Marie Curie, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00914-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why is my cello howling?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nursing-home residents’ skin is a source of transmitted harmful and drug-resistant microbes. NATURE, 639(8056), 873-875. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genomic sequencing has revealed that individual strains of life-threatening, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Candida auris fungi reside on human skin and can be commonly transmitted between residents of nursing homes. How harmful antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Candida auris fungi spread.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Meara, Teresa R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00306-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {873-875}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nursing-home residents’ skin is a source of transmitted harmful and drug-resistant microbes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Protein waste turned into antibiotics as a defence strategy of human cells. NATURE, 639(8056), 872-873. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As well as degrading proteins, the proteosome surprisingly also functions in human defence against bacterial infection. By changing how proteins are cleaved, this system generates antibiotic peptides on demand. Proteasome cleavage changes during infection to generate antibiotics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Clausen, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00514-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {872-873}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Protein waste turned into antibiotics as a defence strategy of human cells}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A lighthouse galaxy shines unexpectedly through the fog of the cosmic dawn. NATURE, 639(8056), 870-872. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultraviolet light from a galaxy observed when the Universe was just 330 million years old has intriguing implications for understanding how the first generations of stars and black holes were formed. Ancient UV light illuminates how galaxies and black holes first formed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Trenti, Michele}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00899-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {870-872}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A lighthouse galaxy shines unexpectedly through the fog of the cosmic dawn}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolutionary flexibility to gain or lose tooth complexity sparks fish diversification. NATURE, 639(8056), 869-870. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Why are some species more likely to diversify than others? For the largest group of vertebrates, ray-finned fishes, the ability to evolve by transitioning back and forth between simple and complex teeth fuelled their diversification. Evolutionary insights about how ray-finned fishes diversified.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ngoepe, Nare}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00541-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {869-870}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolutionary flexibility to gain or lose tooth complexity sparks fish diversification}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to get more women into mining. NATURE, 639(8056), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Linqi and Li, Xibing and Dong, Longjun and Yu, Haoxuan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00925-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to get more women into mining}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Give grants to female scientists in war zones. NATURE, 639(8056), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tsybuliak, Natalia and Suchikova, Yana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00926-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Give grants to female scientists in war zones}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lesotho matters. NATURE, 639(8056), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mokoena-Mokhali, Nthabiseng and Senyane, Liteboho and Stewart, Brian and Mitchell, Peter}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00927-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lesotho matters}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lessons from portugal on effects of cutting research funding. NATURE, 639(8056), 867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Veldhoen, Marc and Barata, João T. and Figueiredo, Luisa M. and Azzalin, Claus M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00928-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lessons from portugal on effects of cutting research funding}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbes can capture carbon and degrade plastic — Why aren’t we using them more?. NATURE, 639(8056), 864-866. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Interventions involving bacteria or fungi could help to sequester greenhouse gases, create more sustainable products and clean up pollution — in ways that are economically viable and safe. Interventions involving bacteria or fungi could help to sequester greenhouse gases, create more sustainable products and clean up pollution — in ways that are economically viable and safe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rappuoli, Rino and Nguyen, Nguyen K. and Bloom, David E. and Brooke, Charles and Burckhardt, Rachel M. and Dangour, Alan D. and Egamberdieva, Dilfuza and Gronvall, Gigi K. and Lawley, Trevor D. and Lennon, Jay T. and Morhard, Ryan and Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila and Peixoto, Raquel and Silver, Pamela A. and Stein, Lisa Y.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00875-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {864-866}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbes can capture carbon and degrade plastic — Why aren’t we using them more?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glaciers are not just blocks of ice — Plans to save them mustn’t overlook their hidden life. NATURE, 639(8056), 861-863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As glaciers begin to disappear, technological fixes to slow or halt ice melt are emerging. But regulations are urgently required before these fixes are used widely. As glaciers begin to disappear, technological fixes to slow or halt ice melt are emerging. But regulations are urgently required before these fixes are used widely.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Battin, Tom J. and van Wijngaarden, Albert and Sattler, Birgit and Anesio, Alexandre M. and Cook, Joseph and Huss, Matthias and Edwards, Arwyn}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00897-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {861-863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glaciers are not just blocks of ice — Plans to save them mustn’t overlook their hidden life}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The expanding universe — Do ongoing tensions leave room for new physics?. NATURE, 639(8056), 858-860. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One century after Edwin Hubble revealed his astonishing discovery of a cosmos beyond the Milky Way, the most precise measurements still can’t agree on how fast galaxies are moving. One century after Edwin Hubble revealed his astonishing discovery of a cosmos beyond the Milky Way, the most precise measurements still can’t agree on how fast galaxies are moving.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Freedman, Wendy}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00896-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {858-860}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The expanding universe — Do ongoing tensions leave room for new physics?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fasting for weight loss is all the rage: What are the health benefits?. NATURE, 639(8056), 855-857. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intermittent fasting has gained a following, in part because of tantalizing hints that it can boost cognition, fend off cancer and even slow ageing. Intermittent fasting has gained a following, in part because of tantalizing hints that it can boost cognition, fend off cancer and even slow ageing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fleming, Nic}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00895-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {855-857}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fasting for weight loss is all the rage: What are the health benefits?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI is transforming peer review — And many scientists are worried. NATURE, 639(8056), 852-854. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence software is increasingly involved in reviewing papers, provoking interest and unease. Artificial intelligence software is increasingly involved in reviewing papers, provoking interest and unease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00894-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {852-854}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI is transforming peer review — And many scientists are worried}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Immune cells ‘bandage’ wounds with bacteria-trapping goo. NATURE, 639(8056), 850. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cells called neutrophils form gooey rings around sites where skin is punctured, study in mice shows. Cells called neutrophils form gooey rings around sites where skin is punctured, study in mice shows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00796-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {850}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Immune cells ‘bandage’ wounds with bacteria-trapping goo}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Is dark energy getting weaker? fresh data bolster shock finding. NATURE, 639(8056), 849. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Physicists had long assumed that the elusive force has constant strength. But the latest results from a project to map the Universe’s expansion challenge this idea. Physicists had long assumed that the elusive force has constant strength. But the latest results from a project to map the Universe’s expansion challenge this idea.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00837-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {849}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Is dark energy getting weaker? fresh data bolster shock finding}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Man survives with titanium heart for 100 days — A world first. NATURE, 639(8056), 848-849. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The device, to be tested in more people, could be used as a temporary measure for those waiting for a donor organ. The device, to be tested in more people, could be used as a temporary measure for those waiting for a donor organ.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00782-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {848-849}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Man survives with titanium heart for 100 days — A world first}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Catchy, clear, concise: Three-part phrases boost research paper citations. NATURE, 639(8056), 847-848. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Memorable ‘tripartite’ phrases in titles make studies more likely to be read and cited. Memorable ‘tripartite’ phrases in titles make studies more likely to be read and cited.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh Chawla, Dalmeet}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00771-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {847-848}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Catchy, clear, concise: Three-part phrases boost research paper citations}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Measles is surging in the US: How bad could it get?. NATURE, 639(8056), 846-847. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers flag groups that should get an extra dose of measles vaccine as case numbers continue to rise in Texas and neighbouring states. Researchers flag groups that should get an extra dose of measles vaccine as case numbers continue to rise in Texas and neighbouring states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00786-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {846-847}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Measles is surging in the US: How bad could it get?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NIH has cut one mRNA-vaccine grant. will more follow?. NATURE, 639(8056), 844-845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Concern rises among researchers after agency officials ask for a list of projects funded to study the jabs. Concern rises among researchers after agency officials ask for a list of projects funded to study the jabs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00828-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {844-845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NIH has cut one mRNA-vaccine grant. will more follow?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light pollution threatens fleet of world-class telescopes in atacama desert. NATURE, 639(8056), 843-844. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The effects of a proposed green-energy facility in Chile could be devastating for some of the most powerful instruments available to astronomers. The effects of a proposed green-energy facility in Chile could be devastating for some of the most powerful instruments available to astronomers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00397-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {843-844}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light pollution threatens fleet of world-class telescopes in atacama desert}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Iguanas reached fiji by floating 8,000 kilometres across the sea. NATURE, 639(8056), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Genomic analysis suggests that the ancestors of lizards on Fiji today rafted from North America some 30 million years ago. Genomic analysis suggests that the ancestors of lizards on Fiji today rafted from North America some 30 million years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00767-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Iguanas reached fiji by floating 8,000 kilometres across the sea}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Food-industry waste finds a second life as bioplastic. NATURE, 639(8056), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The protein keratin, the principle ingredient of wool and feathers, can be repurposed as strong, flexible plastic. The protein keratin, the principle ingredient of wool and feathers, can be repurposed as strong, flexible plastic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00768-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Food-industry waste finds a second life as bioplastic}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ship-pollution cuts have an electrifying effect: Less lightning at sea. NATURE, 639(8056), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A crackdown on sulfur in ship fuel is linked to a steep drop in thunderclouds in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. A crackdown on sulfur in ship fuel is linked to a steep drop in thunderclouds in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00769-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ship-pollution cuts have an electrifying effect: Less lightning at sea}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Drugs that target ‘zombie’ cells soothe an aching back. NATURE, 639(8056), 841. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research on mice show promise for agents that attack senescent cells, which contribute to the degradation of spinal discs. Research on mice show promise for agents that attack senescent cells, which contribute to the degradation of spinal discs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00770-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {841}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Drugs that target ‘zombie’ cells soothe an aching back}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Empower families to lead the design of their ageing loved ones’ health care. NATURE, 639(8056), 840. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rather than assuming that relatives of older people will step up to fill systemic gaps in health care, communities need research and policies that align with families’ existing routines. Rather than assuming that relatives of older people will step up to fill systemic gaps in health care, communities need research and policies that align with families’ existing routines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ali, Shahmir H.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00893-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {840}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Empower families to lead the design of their ageing loved ones’ health care}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Climate change will send home insurance spiralling. here’s how to control costs. NATURE, 639(8056), 839. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Insurers rely on sophisticated catastrophe modelling to estimate risk exposure — and as climate risks are rising, so are the costs for protection. Insurers rely on sophisticated catastrophe modelling to estimate risk exposure — and as climate risks are rising, so are the costs for protection.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {St. George, Scott}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00892-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {839}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Climate change will send home insurance spiralling. here’s how to control costs}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Track gender ratios in research to keep countries, institutions and publishers accountable. NATURE, 639(8056), 838. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature Index data reveal how countries and fields differ in gender equity in research. Nature Index data reveal how countries and fields differ in gender equity in research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00891-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {838}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Track gender ratios in research to keep countries, institutions and publishers accountable}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What CERN does next matters for science and for international cooperation. NATURE, 639(8056), 837-838. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The world’s largest particle-physics laboratory is approaching a pivotal moment in its history. The world’s largest particle-physics laboratory is approaching a pivotal moment in its history.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00787-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8056}, pages = {837-838}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What CERN does next matters for science and for international cooperation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How i connect colombia’s remote communities to safer water. NATURE, 639(8055), 830. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Alba Graciela Ávila Bernal’s research focuses on power-storage technologies, but she also builds custom probes to test water quality. Alba Graciela Ávila Bernal’s research focuses on power-storage technologies, but she also builds custom probes to test water quality.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hedley, Esme}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00799-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {830}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How i connect colombia’s remote communities to safer water}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How researchers can work fairly with indigenous and local knowledge. NATURE, 639(8055), 825-827. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists around the world are recognizing that their research method isn’t the only way. Scientists around the world are recognizing that their research method isn’t the only way.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allan, Oscar}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00798-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {825-827}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How researchers can work fairly with indigenous and local knowledge}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular basis of vitamin-K-driven γ-carboxylation at the membrane interface. NATURE, 639(8055), 816-824. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues enables Ca2+-mediated membrane assembly of protein complexes that support broad physiological functions, including haemostasis, calcium homeostasis, immune response and endocrine regulation1–4. Modulating γ-carboxylation levels provides prevalent treatments for haemorrhagic and thromboembolic diseases5. This unique post-translational modification requires vitamin K hydroquinone (KH2) to drive highly demanding reactions6 catalysed by the membrane-integrated γ-carboxylase (VKGC). Here, to decipher the underlying mechanisms, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VKGC in unbound form, with KH2 and four haemostatic and non-haemostatic proteins possessing propeptides and glutamate-rich domains in different carboxylation states. VKGC recognizes substrate proteins through knob-and-hole interactions with propeptides, thereby bringing tethered glutamate-containing segments for processive carboxylation within a large chamber that provides steric control. Propeptide binding also triggers a global conformational change to signal VKGC activation. Through sequential deprotonation and KH2 epoxidation, VKGC generates a free hydroxide ion as an exceptionally strong base that is required to deprotonate the γ-carbon of glutamate for CO2 addition. The diffusion of this superbase—protected and guided by a sealed hydrophobic tunnel—elegantly resolves the challenge of coupling KH2 epoxidation to γ-carboxylation across the membrane interface. These structural insights and extensive functional experiments advance membrane enzymology and propel the development of treatments for γ-carboxylation disorders. Cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal the mechanisms underlying multiple-substrate specificity, coupling of epoxidation with carboxylation and allosteric motions during VKGC catalysis, offering potential strategies for targeting haemostatic and non-haemostatic disorders associated with defects in γ-carboxylation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cao, Qing and Ammerman, Aaron and Saimi, Mierxiati and Lin, Zongtao and Shen, Guomin and Chen, Huaping and Sun, Jie and Chai, Mengqi and Liu, Shixuan and Hsu, Fong-Fu and Krezel, Andrzej M. and Gross, Michael L. and Xu, Jinbin and Garcia, Benjamin A. and Liu, Bin and Li, Weikai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08648-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {816-824}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular basis of vitamin-K-driven γ-carboxylation at the membrane interface}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure and mechanism of vitamin-K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase. NATURE, 639(8055), 808-815. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is the sole identified enzyme that uses vitamin K (VK) as a cofactor in humans. This protein catalyses the oxidation of VK hydroquinone to convert specific glutamate residues to γ-carboxyglutamate residues in VK-dependent proteins (VDPs), which are involved in various essential biological processes and diseases1–3. However, the working mechanism of GGCX remains unclear. Here we report three cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human GGCX: in the apo state, bound to osteocalcin (a VDP) and bound to VK. The propeptide of the VDP binds to the lumenal domain of GGCX, which stabilizes transmembrane helices 6 and 7 of GGCX to create the VK-binding pocket. After binding of VK, residue Lys218 in GGCX mediates the oxidation of VK hydroxyquinone, which leads to the deprotonation of glutamate residues and the construction of γ-carboxyglutamate residues. Our structural observations and results from binding and cell biological assays and molecular dynamics simulations show that a cholesterol molecule interacts with the transmembrane helices of GGCX to regulate its protein levels in cells. Together, these results establish a link between cholesterol metabolism and VK-dependent pathways. Structural and cellular assays and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the mechanism of action of γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which involves cholesterol and vitamin K.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Rong and Chen, Baozhi and Elghobashi-Meinhardt, Nadia and Tie, Jian-Ke and Ayala, Alyssa and Zhou, Ning and Qi, Xiaofeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08484-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {808-815}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure and mechanism of vitamin-K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In vitro reconstitution of meiotic DNA double-strand-break formation. NATURE, 639(8055), 800-807. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Spo11 complex catalyses the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), initiating meiotic recombination—a process that is essential for fertility and genetic diversity1,2. Although the function of Spo11 has been known for 27 years, previous efforts to reconstitute DSB formation in vitro have been unsuccessful. Here we biochemically characterize the mouse SPO11–TOP6BL protein complex, and show that this complex cleaves DNA and covalently attaches to the 5′ terminus of DNA breaks in vitro. Using a point-mutation strategy, we reveal that Mg2+ is essential for the DNA-cleavage activity of this complex in vitro, as confirmed by knock-in mice carrying a point mutation in SPO11 that disrupts its binding to Mg2+, thereby abolishing DSB formation. However, the activity of the SPO11 complex is ATP-independent. We also present evidence that the mouse SPO11 complex is biochemically distinct from the ancestral topoisomerase VI. Our findings establish a mechanistic framework for understanding the first steps of meiotic recombination. The in vitro characterization of a key event in the early stages of meiosis—the induction of double-strand DNA breaks by the SPO11–TOP6BL complex—provides insight into the catalytic mechanism and evolution of SPO11.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tang, Xinzhe and Hu, Zetao and Ding, Jian and Wu, Meixia and Guan, Pin and Song, Yawei and Yin, Yue and Wu, Wei and Ma, Jinbiao and Huang, Ying and Tong, Ming-Han}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08551-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {800-807}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In vitro reconstitution of meiotic DNA double-strand-break formation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SPO11 dimers are sufficient to catalyse DNA double-strand breaks in vitro. NATURE, 639(8055), 792-799. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {SPO11 initiates meiotic recombination through the induction of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)1,2, but this catalytic activity has never been reconstituted in vitro3,4. Here, using Mus musculus SPO11, we report a biochemical system that recapitulates all the hallmarks of meiotic DSB formation. We show that SPO11 catalyses break formation in the absence of any partners and remains covalently attached to the 5′ broken strands. We find that target site selection by SPO11 is influenced by the sequence, bendability and topology of the DNA substrate, and provide evidence that SPO11 can reseal single-strand DNA breaks. In addition, we show that SPO11 is monomeric in solution and that cleavage requires dimerization for the reconstitution of two hybrid active sites. SPO11 and its partner TOP6BL form a 1:1 complex that catalyses DNA cleavage with an activity similar to that of SPO11 alone. However, this complex binds DNA ends with higher affinity, suggesting a potential role after cleavage. We propose a model in which additional partners of SPO11 required for DSB formation in vivo assemble biomolecular condensates that recruit SPO11–TOP6BL, enabling dimerization and cleavage. Our work establishes SPO11 dimerization as the fundamental mechanism that controls the induction of meiotic DSBs. A biochemical system recapitulates the hallmarks of meiotic double-strand break formation, with mouse SPO11 catalysing break formation in the absence of any partners and remaining covalently attached to 5′ broken strands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Oger, Cédric and Claeys Bouuaert, Corentin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08574-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {792-799}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SPO11 dimers are sufficient to catalyse DNA double-strand breaks in vitro}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reconstitution of SPO11-dependent double-strand break formation. NATURE, 639(8055), 784-791. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Meiotic recombination starts with SPO11 generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)1. SPO11 is critical for meiosis in most species, but it generates dangerous DSBs with mutagenic2 and gametocidal3 potential. Cells must therefore utilize the beneficial functions of SPO11 while minimizing its risks4—how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we report reconstitution of DNA cleavage in vitro with purified recombinant mouse SPO11 bound to TOP6BL. SPO11–TOP6BL complexes are monomeric (1:1) in solution and bind tightly to DNA, but dimeric (2:2) assemblies cleave DNA to form covalent 5′ attachments that require SPO11 active-site residues, divalent metal ions and SPO11 dimerization. SPO11 can also reseal DNA that it has nicked. Structure modelling with AlphaFold 3 suggests that DNA is bent prior to cleavage5. In vitro cleavage displays a sequence bias that partially explains DSB site preferences in vivo. Cleavage is inefficient on complex DNA substrates, partly because SPO11 is readily trapped in DSB-incompetent (presumably monomeric) binding states that exchange slowly. However, cleavage is improved with substrates that favour dimer assembly or by artificially dimerizing SPO11. Our results inform a model in which intrinsically weak dimerization restrains SPO11 activity in vivo, making it exquisitely dependent on accessory proteins that focus and control DSB formation. Reconstitution of recombinantly expressed SPO11–TOP6BL complex recapitulates its DNA cleavage function and together with structural modelling and biochemical experiments, provides insights into the regulation and mechanism of SPO11 activity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zheng, Zhi and Zheng, Lyuqin and Arter, Meret and Liu, Kaixian and Yamada, Shintaro and Ontoso, David and Kim, Soonjoung and Keeney, Scott}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08601-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {784-791}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reconstitution of SPO11-dependent double-strand break formation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dual regulation of mitochondrial fusion by Parkin–PINK1 and OMA1. NATURE, 639(8055), 776-783. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mitochondrial stress pathways protect mitochondrial health from cellular insults1–8. However, their role under physiological conditions is largely unknown. Here, using 18 single, double and triple whole-body and tissue-specific knockout and mutant mice, along with systematic mitochondrial morphology analysis, untargeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing, we discovered that the synergy between two stress-responsive systems—the ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin and the metalloprotease OMA1—safeguards mitochondrial structure and genome by mitochondrial fusion, mediated by the outer membrane GTPase MFN1 and the inner membrane GTPase OPA1. Whereas the individual loss of Parkin or OMA1 does not affect mitochondrial integrity, their combined loss results in small body size, low locomotor activity, premature death, mitochondrial abnormalities and innate immune responses. Thus, our data show that Parkin and OMA1 maintain a dual regulatory mechanism that controls mitochondrial fusion at the two membranes, even in the absence of extrinsic stress. We find that, in mice, although the individual loss of Parkin or OMA1 does not affect mitochondrial integrity, their combined loss results in small body size, low locomotor activity, premature death, mitochondrial abnormalities and innate immune responses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yamada, Tatsuya and Ikeda, Arisa and Murata, Daisuke and Wang, Hu and Zhang, Cissy and Khare, Pratik and Adachi, Yoshihiro and Ito, Fumiya and Quirós, Pedro M. and Blackshaw, Seth and López-Otín, Carlos and Langer, Thomas and Chan, David C. and Le, Anne and Dawson, Valina L. and Dawson, Ted M. and Iijima, Miho and Sesaki, Hiromi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08590-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {776-783}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dual regulation of mitochondrial fusion by Parkin–PINK1 and OMA1}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Intrinsic electrical activity drives small-cell lung cancer progression. NATURE, 639(8055), 765-775. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Elevated or ectopic expression of neuronal receptors promotes tumour progression in many cancer types1,2; neuroendocrine (NE) transformation of adenocarcinomas has also been associated with increased aggressiveness3. Whether the defining neuronal feature, namely electrical excitability, exists in cancer cells and impacts cancer progression remains mostly unexplored. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an archetypal example of a highly aggressive NE cancer and comprises two major distinct subpopulations: NE cells and non-NE cells4,5. Here we show that NE cells, but not non-NE cells, are excitable, and their action potential firing directly promotes SCLC malignancy. However, the resultant high ATP demand leads to an unusual dependency on oxidative phosphorylation in NE cells. This finding contrasts with the properties of most cancer cells reported in the literature, which are non-excitable and rely heavily on aerobic glycolysis. Additionally, we found that non-NE cells metabolically support NE cells, a process akin to the astrocyte–neuron metabolite shuttle6. Finally, we observed drastic changes in the innervation landscape during SCLC progression, which coincided with increased intratumoural heterogeneity and elevated neuronal features in SCLC cells, suggesting an induction of a tumour-autonomous vicious cycle, driven by cancer cell-intrinsic electrical activity, which confers long-term tumorigenic capability and metastatic potential. Electrical excitability in neuroendocrine SCLC cells promotes tumour progression through action potential firing, increasing ATP demand and oxidative phosphorylation dependency, whereas non-neuroendocrine cells provide metabolic support, driving a tumour-autonomous cycle that enhances tumorigenesis and metastasis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peinado, Paola and Stazi, Marco and Ballabio, Claudio and Margineanu, Michael-Bogdan and Li, Zhaoqi and Colón, Caterina I. and Hsieh, Min-Shu and Pal Choudhuri, Shreoshi and Stastny, Victor and Hamilton, Seth and Le Marois, Alix and Collingridge, Jodie and Conrad, Linus and Chen, Yinxing and Ng, Sheng Rong and Magendantz, Margaret and Bhutkar, Arjun and Chen, Jin-Shing and Sahai, Erik and Drapkin, Benjamin J. and Jacks, Tyler and Vander Heiden, Matthew G. and Kopanitsa, Maksym V. and Robinson, Hugh P. C. and Li, Leanne}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08575-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {765-775}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Intrinsic electrical activity drives small-cell lung cancer progression}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human-correlated genetic models identify precision therapy for liver cancer. NATURE, 639(8055), 754-764. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide1,2. HCC occurs typically from a background of chronic liver disease, caused by a spectrum of predisposing conditions. Tumour development is driven by the expansion of clones that accumulate progressive driver mutations3, with hepatocytes the most likely cell of origin2. However, the landscape of driver mutations in HCC is broadly independent of the underlying aetiologies4. Despite an increasing range of systemic treatment options for advanced HCC, outcomes remain heterogeneous and typically poor. Emerging data suggest that drug efficacies depend on disease aetiology and genetic alterations5,6. Exploring subtypes in preclinical models with human relevance will therefore be essential to advance precision medicine in HCC7. Here we generated a suite of genetically driven immunocompetent in vivo and matched in vitro HCC models. Our models represent multiple features of human HCC, including clonal origin, histopathological appearance and metastasis. We integrated transcriptomic data from the mouse models with human HCC data and identified four common human–mouse subtype clusters. The subtype clusters had distinct transcriptomic characteristics that aligned with the human histopathology. In a proof-of-principle analysis, we verified response to standard-of-care treatment and used a linked in vitro–in vivo pipeline to identify a promising therapeutic candidate, cladribine, that has not previously been linked to HCC treatment. Cladribine acts in a highly effective subtype-specific manner in combination with standard-of-care therapy. As proof of principle, an analysis using a suite of human-aligned immunocompetent mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma identifies a promising therapeutic candidate, cladribine, which acts in a highly effective subtype-specific manner in combination with standard-of-care therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Müller, Miryam and May, Stephanie and Hall, Holly and Kendall, Timothy J. and McGarry, Lynn and Blukacz, Lauriane and Nuciforo, Sandro and Georgakopoulou, Anastasia and Jamieson, Thomas and Phinichkusolchit, Narisa and Dhayade, Sandeep and Suzuki, Toshiyasu and Huguet-Pradell, Júlia and Powley, Ian R. and Officer-Jones, Leah and Pennie, Rachel L. and Esteban-Fabró, Roger and Gris-Oliver, Albert and Pinyol, Roser and Skalka, George L. and Leslie, Jack and Hoare, Matthew and Sprangers, Joep and Malviya, Gaurav and Mackintosh, Agata and Johnson, Emma and McCain, Misti and Halpin, John and Kiourtis, Christos and Nixon, Colin and Clark, Graeme and Clark, William and Shaw, Robin and Hedley, Ann and Drake, Thomas M. and Tan, Ee Hong and Neilson, Matt and Murphy, Daniel J. and Lewis, David Y. and Reeves, Helen L. and Le Quesne, John and Mann, Derek A. and Carlin, Leo M. and Blyth, Karen and Llovet, Josep M. and Heim, Markus H. and Sansom, Owen J. and Miller, Crispin J. and Bird, Thomas G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08585-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {754-764}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human-correlated genetic models identify precision therapy for liver cancer}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). IL-27 elicits a cytotoxic CD8+ t cell program to enforce tumour control. NATURE, 639(8055), 746-753. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Although cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) are essential for anti-tumour immunity, they are frequently dysfunctional in tumours1. Cytokines that sustain CTL activity are attractive for cancer immunotherapy, but avoiding inflammatory toxicity remains a challenge for their clinical use2. Here we show that expression of a CTL signature is strongly associated with IL27 expression in human and mouse tumours. In mice, IL-27 acts directly on tumour-specific CTLs to promote their persistence and effector function in the tumour microenvironment. Moreover, treatment with inducible IL-27 overexpression or a half-life-extended IL-27 protein in vivo is well tolerated, induces regression of established tumours, drives an enhanced cytotoxic program in anti-tumour CTLs and synergizes with PD-L1 blockade. In patients with cancer who were treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, high expression of IL-27 correlates with a favourable clinical response, and IL-27 supports human CTL function during chronic antigen stimulation ex vivo. Our data demonstrate that endogenous IL-27 is essential for anti-tumour immunity and that IL-27 receptor agonism can safely improve anti-tumour T cell responses alone or in combination with PD-L1 blockade. IL-27 promotes tumour control by preventing dysfunction and enhancing cytotoxicity of tumour-specific CD8+ T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bréart, Béatrice and Williams, Katherine and Krimm, Stellanie and Wong, Tiffany and Kayser, Brandon D. and Wang, Lifen and Cheng, Eric and Cruz Tleugabulova, Mayra and Bouziat, Romain and Lu, Tianshi and Yuen, Kobe and Firmino, Natalie S. and Bravo, Daniel D. and Roels, Juliette and Bhakta, Atish and Bevers, Jack and Lehoux, Isabelle and Gutierrez, Alan and Chestnut, Yajun and Klementowicz, Joanna E. and Arenzana, Teresita L. and Akhmetzyanova, Ilseyar and Dixon, Elizabeth and Chen, Min and Tasneem, Kazi and Yadav, Rajbharan and Koeppen, Hartmut and Oh, Soyoung A. and Delamarre, Lélia and Huang, Haochu and Lim, Shion A. and Nakamura, Gerald and Wang, Jianyong and Gao, Chan and Corpuz, Racquel and Müller, Sören and West, Nathaniel R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08510-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {746-753}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {IL-27 elicits a cytotoxic CD8+ t cell program to enforce tumour control}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Precise modelling of mitochondrial diseases using optimized mitoBEs. NATURE, 639(8055), 735-745. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The development of animal models is crucial for studying and treating mitochondrial diseases. Here we optimized adenine and cytosine deaminases to reduce off-target effects on the transcriptome and the mitochondrial genome, improving the accuracy and efficiency of our newly developed mitochondrial base editors (mitoBEs)1. Using these upgraded mitoBEs (version 2 (v2)), we targeted 70 mouse mitochondrial DNA mutations analogous to human pathogenic variants2, establishing a foundation for mitochondrial disease mouse models. Circular RNA-encoded mitoBEs v2 achieved up to 82% editing efficiency in mice without detectable off-target effects in the nuclear genome. The edited mitochondrial DNA persisted across various tissues and was maternally inherited, resulting in F1 generation mice with mutation loads as high as 100% and some mice exhibiting editing only at the target site. By optimizing the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) binding site, we developed a single-base-editing mouse model for the mt-Nd5 A12784G mutation. Phenotypic evaluations led to the creation of mouse models for the mt-Atp6 T8591C and mt-Nd5 A12784G mutations, exhibiting phenotypes corresponding to the reduced heart rate seen in Leigh syndrome and the vision loss characteristic of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, respectively. Moreover, the mt-Atp6 T8591C mutation proved to be more deleterious than mt-Nd5 A12784G, affecting embryonic development and rapidly diminishing through successive generations. These upgraded mitoBEs offer a highly efficient and precise strategy for constructing mitochondrial disease models, laying a foundation for further research in this field. A study reports optimized mitochondrial base editors with reduced off-target effects to facilitate the generation of mouse models of human mitochondrial diseases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Xiaoxue and Zhang, Xue and Ren, Jiwu and Li, Jiayi and Wei, Xiaoxu and Yu, Ying and Yi, Zongyi and Wei, Wensheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08469-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {735-745}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Precise modelling of mitochondrial diseases using optimized mitoBEs}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CARD domains mediate anti-phage defence in bacterial gasdermin systems. NATURE, 639(8055), 727-734. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) and pyrin domains are important facilitators of inflammasome activity and pyroptosis1. Following pathogen recognition by nucleotide binding-domain, leucine-rich, repeat-containing (NLR) proteins, CARDs recruit and activate caspases, which, in turn, activate gasdermin pore-forming proteins to induce pyroptotic cell death2. Here we show that CARD domains are present in defence systems that protect bacteria against phage. The bacterial CARD domain is essential for protease-mediated activation of certain bacterial gasdermins, which promote cell death once phage infection is recognized. We further show that multiple anti-phage defence systems use CARD domains to activate a variety of cell death effectors, and that CARD domains mediate protein–protein interactions in these systems. We find that these systems are triggered by a conserved immune-evasion protein used by phages to overcome the bacterial defence system RexAB3, demonstrating that phage proteins inhibiting one defence system can activate another. Our results suggest that CARD domains represent an ancient component of innate immune systems conserved from bacteria to humans, and that CARD-dependent activation of gasdermins is shared in organisms across the tree of life. Caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) are present in defence systems that protect bacteria against phage, where the bacterial CARD domain is essential for protease-mediated activation of bacterial gasdermins that promote cell death.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wein, Tanita and Millman, Adi and Lange, Katharina and Yirmiya, Erez and Hadary, Romi and Garb, Jeremy and Melamed, Sarah and Amitai, Gil and Dym, Orly and Steinruecke, Felix and Hill, Aidan B. and Kranzusch, Philip J. and Sorek, Rotem}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08498-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {727-734}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CARD domains mediate anti-phage defence in bacterial gasdermin systems}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An opponent striatal circuit for distributional reinforcement learning. NATURE, 639(8055), 717-726. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Machine learning research has achieved large performance gains on a wide range of tasks by expanding the learning target from mean rewards to entire probability distributions of rewards—an approach known as distributional reinforcement learning (RL)1. The mesolimbic dopamine system is thought to underlie RL in the mammalian brain by updating a representation of mean value in the striatum2, but little is known about whether, where and how neurons in this circuit encode information about higher-order moments of reward distributions3. Here, to fill this gap, we used high-density probes (Neuropixels) to record striatal activity from mice performing a classical conditioning task in which reward mean, reward variance and stimulus identity were independently manipulated. In contrast to traditional RL accounts, we found robust evidence for abstract encoding of variance in the striatum. Chronic ablation of dopamine inputs disorganized these distributional representations in the striatum without interfering with mean value coding. Two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetics revealed that the two major classes of striatal medium spiny neurons—D1 and D2—contributed to this code by preferentially encoding the right and left tails of the reward distribution, respectively. We synthesize these findings into a new model of the striatum and mesolimbic dopamine that harnesses the opponency between D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons4–9 to reap the computational benefits of distributional RL. D1- and D2-expressing striatal neurons encode separate parts of a learned reward distribution, paralleling modern approaches in machine learning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lowet, Adam S. and Zheng, Qiao and Meng, Melissa and Matias, Sara and Drugowitsch, Jan and Uchida, Naoshige}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08488-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {717-726}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An opponent striatal circuit for distributional reinforcement learning}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A comprehensive spatio-cellular map of the human hypothalamus. NATURE, 639(8055), 708-716. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The hypothalamus is a brain region that plays a key role in coordinating fundamental biological functions1. However, our understanding of the underlying cellular components and neurocircuitries have, until recently, emerged primarily from rodent studies2,3. Here we combine single-nucleus sequencing of 433,369 human hypothalamic cells with spatial transcriptomics, generating a comprehensive spatio-cellular transcriptional map of the hypothalamus, the ‘HYPOMAP’. Although conservation of neuronal cell types between humans and mice, as based on transcriptomic identity, is generally high, there are notable exceptions. Specifically, there are significant disparities in the identity of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and in the expression levels of G-protein-coupled receptors between the two species that carry direct implications for currently approved obesity treatments. Out of the 452 hypothalamic cell types, we find that 291 neuronal clusters are significantly enriched for expression of body mass index (BMI) genome-wide association study genes. This enrichment is driven by 426 ‘effector’ genes. Rare deleterious variants in six of these (MC4R, PCSK1, POMC, CALCR, BSN and CORO1A) associate with BMI at population level, and CORO1A has not been linked previously to BMI. Thus, HYPOMAP provides a detailed atlas of the human hypothalamus in a spatial context and serves as an important resource to identify new druggable targets for treating a wide range of conditions, including reproductive, circadian and metabolic disorders. HYPOMAP integrates single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic data to create a comprehensive spatio-cellular map of the human hypothalamus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tadross, John A. and Steuernagel, Lukas and Dowsett, Georgina K. C. and Kentistou, Katherine A. and Lundh, Sofia and Porniece, Marta and Klemm, Paul and Rainbow, Kara and Hvid, Henning and Kania, Katarzyna and Polex-Wolf, Joseph and Knudsen, Lotte Bjerre and Pyke, Charles and Perry, John R. B. and Lam, Brian Y. H. and Brüning, Jens C. and Yeo, Giles S. H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08504-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {708-716}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A comprehensive spatio-cellular map of the human hypothalamus}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complete human recombination maps. NATURE, 639(8055), 700-707. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Human recombination maps are a valuable resource for association and linkage studies and crucial for many inferences of population history and natural selection. Existing maps1–5 are based solely on cross-over (CO) recombination, omitting non-cross-overs (NCOs)—the more common form of recombination6—owing to the difficulty in detecting them. Using whole-genome sequence data in families, we estimate the number of NCOs transmitted from parent to offspring and derive complete, sex-specific recombination maps including both NCOs and COs. Mothers have fewer but longer NCOs than fathers, and oocytes accumulate NCOs in a non-regulated fashion with maternal age. Recombination, primarily NCO, is responsible for 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 1.3–2.3) and 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 9.0–13.6) of paternal and maternal de novo mutations, respectively, and may drive the increase in de novo mutations with maternal age. NCOs are substantially more prominent than COs in centromeres, possibly to avoid large-scale genomic changes that may cause aneuploidy. Our results demonstrate that NCOs highlight to a much greater extent than COs the differences in the meiotic process between the sexes, in which maternal NCOs may reflect the safeguarding of oocytes from infancy until ovulation. Complete human recombination maps are presented that enable exploration of both cross-over and non-cross-over events during meiosis, with the potential to provide insight into the causes of aneuploidies and pregnancy loss.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Palsson, Gunnar and Hardarson, Marteinn T. and Jonsson, Hakon and Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur and Stefansson, Olafur A. and Eggertsson, Hannes P. and Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A. and Olason, Pall I. and Gylfason, Arnaldur and Masson, Gisli and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Sulem, Patrick and Helgason, Agnar and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. and Halldorsson, Bjarni V. and Stefansson, Kari}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08450-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {700-707}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complete human recombination maps}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genome duplication in a long-term multicellularity evolution experiment. NATURE, 639(8055), 691-699. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is widespread across eukaryotes and can promote adaptive evolution1–4. However, given the instability of newly formed polyploid genomes5–7, understanding how WGDs arise in a population, persist, and underpin adaptations remains a challenge. Here, using our ongoing Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment (MuLTEE)8, we show that diploid snowflake yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) under selection for larger multicellular size rapidly evolve to be tetraploid. From their origin within the first 50 days of the experiment, tetraploids persisted for the next 950 days (nearly 5,000 generations, the current leading edge of our experiment) in 10 replicate populations, despite being genomically unstable. Using synthetic reconstruction, biophysical modelling and counter-selection, we found that tetraploidy evolved because it confers immediate fitness benefits under this selection, by producing larger, longer cells that yield larger clusters. The same selective benefit also maintained tetraploidy over long evolutionary timescales, inhibiting the reversion to diploidy that is typically seen in laboratory evolution experiments. Once established, tetraploidy facilitated novel genetic routes for adaptation, having a key role in the evolution of macroscopic multicellular size via the origin of evolutionarily conserved aneuploidy. These results provide unique empirical insights into the evolutionary dynamics and impacts of WGD, showing how it can initially arise due to its immediate adaptive benefits, be maintained by selection and fuel long-term innovations by creating additional dimensions of heritable genetic variation. In the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment, diploid yeast evolve to be tetraploid under selection for larger multicellular size, revealing how whole-genome duplication can arise due to its immediate benefits, persist under selection, and fuel long-term innovations via aneuploidy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tong, Kai and Datta, Sayantan and Cheng, Vivian and Haas, Daniella J. and Gourisetti, Saranya and Yopp, Harley L. and Day, Thomas C. and Lac, Dung T. and Khalil, Ahmad S. and Conlin, Peter L. and Bozdag, G. Ozan and Ratcliff, William C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08689-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {691-699}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genome duplication in a long-term multicellularity evolution experiment}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Repurposing of a gill gene regulatory program for outer-ear evolution. NATURE, 639(8055), 682-690. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How new structures emerge during evolution has long fascinated biologists. An example is how the diminutive bones of the mammalian middle ear arose from ancestral fish jawbones1. By contrast, the evolutionary origin of the outer ear, another mammalian innovation, remains a mystery, partly because it is supported by non-mineralized elastic cartilage, which is rarely recovered in fossils. Whether the outer ear arose de novo or through the reuse of ancestral developmental programs has remained unknown. Here we show that the outer ear shares gene regulatory programs with the gills of fishes and amphibians for both its initial outgrowth and the later development of the elastic cartilage. Comparative single-nucleus multiomics of the human outer ear and zebrafish gills reveals conserved gene expression and putative enhancers enriched for common transcription factor binding motifs. This is reflected by the transgenic activity of human outer-ear enhancers in gills, and of fish gill enhancers in the outer ear. Furthermore, single-cell multiomics of the cartilaginous book gills of horseshoe crabs reveals a developmental program shared with the distal-less homeobox (DLX)-mediated gill program of vertebrates, with a book-gill distal-less enhancer driving expression in zebrafish gills. We propose that elements of an invertebrate gill program were reutilized in vertebrates to generate first gills and then the outer ear. A study on the evolutionary origin of the mammalian outer ear finds that it shares genetic programs with the gills of fishes and amphibians, indicating that elements of an ancestral gill have been reused.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thiruppathy, Mathi and Teubner, Lauren and Roberts, Ryan R. and Lasser, Micaela C. and Moscatello, Alessandra and Chen, Ya-Wen and Hochstim, Christian and Ruffins, Seth and Sarkar, Arijita and Tassey, Jade and Evseenko, Denis and Lozito, Thomas P. and Willsey, Helen Rankin and Gillis, J. Andrew and Crump, J. Gage}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08577-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {682-690}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Repurposing of a gill gene regulatory program for outer-ear evolution}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Children’s arithmetic skills do not transfer between applied and academic mathematics. NATURE, 639(8055), 673-681. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many children from low-income backgrounds worldwide fail to master school mathematics1; however, some children extensively use mental arithmetic outside school2,3. Here we surveyed children in Kolkata and Delhi, India, who work in markets (n = 1,436), to investigate whether maths skills acquired in real-world settings transfer to the classroom and vice versa. Nearly all these children used complex arithmetic calculations effectively at work. They were also proficient in solving hypothetical market maths problems and verbal maths problems that were anchored to concrete contexts. However, they were unable to solve arithmetic problems of equal or lesser complexity when presented in the abstract format typically used in school. The children’s performance in market maths problems was not explained by memorization, access to help, reduced stress with more familiar formats or high incentives for correct performance. By contrast, children with no market-selling experience (n = 471), enrolled in nearby schools, showed the opposite pattern. These children performed more accurately on simple abstract problems, but only 1% could correctly answer an applied market maths problem that more than one third of working children solved (β = 0.35, s.e.m. = 0.03; 95% confidence interval = 0.30–0.40, P < 0.001). School children used highly inefficient written calculations, could not combine different operations and arrived at answers too slowly to be useful in real-life or in higher maths. These findings highlight the importance of educational curricula that bridge the gap between intuitive and formal maths. Children who learn maths working in markets and children who learn maths only from school were both unable to transfer their skills to new contexts, highlighting a need to reconsider how maths is taught in school.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Banerjee, Abhijit V. and Bhattacharjee, Swati and Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra and Duflo, Esther and Ganimian, Alejandro J. and Rajah, Kailash and Spelke, Elizabeth S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08502-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {673-681}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Children’s arithmetic skills do not transfer between applied and academic mathematics}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Increasing hourly heavy rainfall in austria reflected in flood changes. NATURE, 639(8055), 667-672. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate change is expected to increase heavy rainfall with concomitant increases in flooding1. Causes of increased heavy rainfall include the higher water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns2, which may translate into future heavy rainfall increases in most of Europe3. However, gathering evidence on the time evolution of past changes has been hampered by data limitations and measurement uncertainties, in particular for short rainfall durations, such as 1 h. Here we show an 8% increase in daily and 15% increase in hourly heavy rainfall over the last four decades by analysing a new dataset comprising 883 stations in Austria from 1900 to 2023. These increases are fully consistent between two independent networks and occurred after a retarding phase between 1960 and 1980. Hourly heavy rainfall changes are aligned with temperature increases with the sensitivity of a 7% increase per 1 °C of warming, in line with Clausius–Clapeyron scaling. Daily heavy rainfall changes, however, are aligned with atmospheric circulation indices with little correlation to air temperature, which suggests a bigger role of atmospheric circulation modes than previously thought. The daily heavy rainfall changes are remarkably consistent with observed flood increases of about 8% in large catchments. The hourly heavy rainfall changes are similarly consistent with flood changes in small catchments, although the flood increase is stronger (25% over the last four decades). Climate adaptation measures in flood management may therefore be more pressing for rivers draining smaller catchment areas than for large rivers. Long-term increases in heavy daily and hourly precipitation in Austria from different climatic mechanisms emphasize the need for flood management adaptation, especially in smaller catchments affected by the increased hourly rainfall.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Haslinger, Klaus and Breinl, Korbinian and Pavlin, Lovrenc and Pistotnik, Georg and Bertola, Miriam and Olefs, Marc and Greilinger, Marion and Schöner, Wolfgang and Blöschl, Günter}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08647-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {667-672}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Increasing hourly heavy rainfall in austria reflected in flood changes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High temporal variability not trend dominates mediterranean precipitation. NATURE, 639(8055), 658-666. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {State-of-the-art climate models project a substantial decline in precipitation for the Mediterranean region in the future1. Supporting this notion, several studies based on observed precipitation data spanning recent decades have suggested a decrease in Mediterranean precipitation2–4, with some attributing a large fraction of this change to anthropogenic influences3,5. Conversely, certain researchers have underlined that Mediterranean precipitation exhibits considerable spatiotemporal variability driven by atmospheric circulation patterns6,7 maintaining stationarity over the long term8,9. These conflicting perspectives underscore the need for a comprehensive assessment of precipitation changes in this region, given the profound social, economic and environmental implications. Here we show that Mediterranean precipitation has largely remained stationary from 1871 to 2020, albeit with significant multi-decadal and interannual variability. This conclusion is based on the most comprehensive dataset available for the region, encompassing over 23,000 stations across 27 countries. While trends can be identified for some periods and subregions, our findings attribute these trends primarily to atmospheric dynamics, which would be mostly linked to internal variability. Furthermore, our assessment reconciles the observed precipitation trends with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 model simulations, neither of which indicate a prevailing past precipitation trend in the region. The implications of our results extend to environmental, agricultural and water resources planning in one of the world’s prominent climate change hotspots10. Our assessment of a 27-country weather station dataset in the Mediterranean region revealed long-term stability in precipitation over 150 years, along with substantial short-term variability on annual to decadal scales driven by atmospheric circulation; these findings align with the precipitation trends seen in CMIP6 models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M. and Tramblay, Yves and Reig, Fergus and González-Hidalgo, José C. and Beguería, Santiago and Brunetti, Michele and Kalin, Ksenija Cindrić and Patalen, Leonardo and Kržič, Aleksandra and Lionello, Piero and Lima, Miguel M. and Trigo, Ricardo M. and El-Kenawy, Ahmed M. and Eddenjal, Ali and Türkes, Murat and Koutroulis, Aristeidis and Manara, Veronica and Maugeri, Maurizio and Badi, Wafae and Mathbout, Shifa and Bertalanič, Renato and Bocheva, Lilia and Dabanli, Ismail and Dumitrescu, Alexandru and Dubuisson, Brigitte and Sahabi-Abed, Salah and Abdulla, Fayez and Fayad, Abbas and Hodzic, Sabina and Ivanov, Mirjana and Radevski, Ivan and Peña-Angulo, Dhais and Lorenzo-Lacruz, Jorge and Domínguez-Castro, Fernando and Gimeno-Sotelo, Luis and García-Herrera, Ricardo and Franquesa, Magí and Halifa-Marín, Amar and Adell-Michavila, Maria and Noguera, Ivan and Barriopedro, David and Garrido-Perez, Jose M. and Azorin-Molina, Cesar and Andres-Martin, Miguel and Gimeno, Luis and Nieto, Raquel and Llasat, Maria Carmen and Markonis, Yannis and Selmi, Rabeb and Ben Rached, Soumaya and Radovanović, Slavica and Soubeyroux, Jean-Michel and Ribes, Aurélien and Saidi, Mohamed Elmehdi and Bataineh, Siham and El Khalki, El Mahdi and Robaa, Sayed and Boucetta, Amina and Alsafadi, Karam and Mamassis, Nikos and Mohammed, Safwan and Fernández-Duque, Beatriz and Cheval, Sorin and Moutia, Sara and Stevkov, Aleksandra and Stevkova, Silvana and Luna, M. Yolanda and Potopová, Vera}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08576-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {658-666}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High temporal variability not trend dominates mediterranean precipitation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global sea-level rise in the early holocene revealed from north sea peats. NATURE, 639(8055), 652-657. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rates of relative sea-level rise during the final stage of the last deglaciation, the early Holocene, are key to understanding future ice melt and sea-level change under a warming climate1. Data about these rates are scarce2, and this limits insight into the relative contributions of the North American and Antarctic ice sheets to global sea-level rise during the early Holocene. Here we present an early Holocene sea-level curve based on 88 sea-level data points (13.7–6.2 thousand years ago (ka)) from the North Sea (Doggerland3,4). After removing the pattern of regional glacial isostatic adjustment caused by the melting of the Eurasian Ice Sheet, the residual sea-level signal highlights two phases of accelerated sea-level rise. Meltwater sourced from the North American and Antarctic ice sheets drove these two phases, peaking around 10.3 ka and 8.3 ka with rates between 8 mm yr−1 and 9 mm yr−1. Our results also show that global mean sea-level rise between 11 ka and 3 ka amounted to 37.7 m (2σ range, 29.3–42.2 m), reconciling the mismatch that existed between estimates of global mean sea-level rise based on ice-sheet reconstructions and previously limited early Holocene sea-level data. With its broad spatiotemporal coverage, the North Sea dataset provides critical constraints on the patterns and rates of the late-stage deglaciation of the North American and Antarctic ice sheets, improving our understanding of the Earth-system response to climate change. An early Holocene sea-level curve based on data from the North Sea reveals two phases of accelerated sea-level rise owing to meltwater from the North American and Antarctic ice sheets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hijma, Marc P. and Bradley, Sarah L. and Cohen, Kim M. and van der Wal, Wouter and Barlow, Natasha L. M. and Blank, Bas and Frechen, Manfred and Hennekam, Rick and van Heteren, Sytze and Kiden, Patrick and Mavritsakis, Antonis and Meijninger, Bart M. L. and Reichart, Gert-Jan and Reinhardt, Lutz and Rijsdijk, Kenneth F. and Vink, Annemiek and Busschers, Freek S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08769-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {652-657}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global sea-level rise in the early holocene revealed from north sea peats}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fingerprinting the recovery of antarctic ozone. NATURE, 639(8055), 646-651. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Antarctic ozone ‘hole’ was discovered in 1985 (ref. 1) and man-made ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are its primary cause2. Following reductions of ODSs under the Montreal Protocol3, signs of ozone recovery have been reported, based largely on observations and broad yet compelling model–data comparisons4. Although such approaches are highly valuable, they do not provide rigorous statistical detection of the temporal and spatial structure of Antarctic ozone recovery in the presence of internal climate variability. Here we apply pattern-based detection and attribution methods as used in climate-change studies5–11 to separate anthropogenically forced ozone responses from internal variability, relying on trend pattern information as a function of month and height. The analysis uses satellite observations together with single-model and multi-model ensemble simulations to identify and quantify the month–height Antarctic ozone recovery ‘fingerprint’12. We demonstrate that the data and simulations show compelling agreement in the fingerprint pattern of the ozone response to decreasing ODSs since 2005. We also show that ODS forcing has enhanced ozone internal variability during the austral spring, influencing detection of forced responses and their time of emergence. Our results provide robust statistical and physical evidence that actions taken under the Montreal Protocol to reduce ODSs are indeed resulting in the beginning of Antarctic ozone recovery, defined as increases in ozone consistent with expected month–height patterns. Pattern-based detection and attribution methods that make use of trend pattern information as a function of month and height provide evidence that reduction of ozone-depleting substances has resulted in the beginning of Antarctic ozone recovery.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Peidong and Solomon, Susan and Santer, Benjamin D. and Kinnison, Douglas E. and Fu, Qiang and Stone, Kane A. and Zhang, Jun and Manney, Gloria L. and Millán, Luis F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08640-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {646-651}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fingerprinting the recovery of antarctic ozone}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Large recoverable elastic energy in chiral metamaterials via twist buckling. NATURE, 639(8055), 639-645. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mechanical metamaterials with high recoverable elastic energy density, which we refer to as high-enthalpy elastic metamaterials, can offer many enhanced properties, including efficient mechanical energy storage1,2, load-bearing capability, impact resistance and motion agility. These qualities make them ideal for lightweight, miniaturized and multi-functional structures3–8. However, achieving high enthalpy is challenging, as it requires combining conflicting properties: high stiffness, high strength and large recoverable strain9–11. Here, to address this challenge, we construct high-enthalpy elastic metamaterials from freely rotatable chiral metacells. Compared with existing non-chiral lattices, the non-optimized chiral metamaterials simultaneously maintain high stiffness, sustain larger recoverable strain, offer a wider buckling plateau, improve the buckling strength by 5–10 times, enhance enthalpy by 2–160 times and increase energy per mass by 2–32 times. These improvements arise from torsional buckling deformation that is triggered by chirality and is absent in conventional metamaterials. This deformation mode stores considerable additional energy while having a minimal impact on peak stresses that define material failure. Our findings identify a mechanism and provide insight into the design of metamaterials and structures with high mechanical energy storage capacity, a fundamental and general problem of broad engineering interest. High-enthalpy elastic metamaterials constructed from freely rotatable chiral metacells have high stiffness, large recoverable strain and improved buckling strength.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fang, Xin and Yu, Dianlong and Wen, Jihong and Dai, Yifan and Begley, Matthew R. and Gao, Huajian and Gumbsch, Peter}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08658-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {639-645}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Large recoverable elastic energy in chiral metamaterials via twist buckling}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Homogeneous ZnSeTeS quantum dots for efficient and stable pure-blue LEDs. NATURE, 639(8055), 633-638. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The electroluminescence performance of heavy-metal-free blue quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is much lower than that of state-of-the-art cadmium-based counterparts. Ecofriendly ZnSeTe QDs are an ideal alternative to cadmium-based blue QDs1,2, but face issues with colour impurity and inferior stability caused by the aggregated tellurium (Ten≥2) that dominates compositional inhomogeneity3,4. Here we developed an isoelectronic control strategy using congeneric sulfur coordinated with triphenyl phosphite (TPP-S) to construct homogeneous ZnSeTeS QDs with pure-blue emissions and near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. TPP with low electron-donating capability promotes the reactivity balance among anionic precursors, favouring the growth of QDs with uniform composition. The acceptor-like S with high electronegativity weakens the hole localization of the Te atoms by interfering with their surrounding carriers, thereby suppressing the formation of Ten≥2 isoelectronic centres. Furthermore, the congeneric S increases the configurational entropy of the QDs and eliminates the stacking faults and oxygen defects, leading to improved structural stability and reduced non-radiative carrier density. Consequently, the resulting pure-blue QLEDs based on core–shell ZnSeTeS/ZnSe/ZnS QDs emitting at 460 nm show a high external quantum efficiency of 24.7%, a narrow linewidth of 17 nm, and long operational half-lifetime (T50) close to 30,000 hours at 100 cd cm−2, rivalling state-of-the-art cadmium-based blue QLEDs. By suppressing compositional heterogeneities in cadmium-free quantum dots, environmentally friendly pure-blue-light-emitting diodes with enhanced efficiencies, lifetimes and spectral purity are achieved, rivalling state-of-the-art cadmium-based blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Qianqian and Cao, Fan and Yu, Wenke and Wang, Sheng and Hou, Wenjun and Lu, Zizhe and Cao, Weiran and Zhang, Jiaqi and Zhang, Xiaoyu and Yang, Yingguo and Jia, Guohua and Zhang, Jianhua and Yang, Xuyong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08645-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {633-638}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Homogeneous ZnSeTeS quantum dots for efficient and stable pure-blue LEDs}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A generative model for inorganic materials design. NATURE, 639(8055), 624-632. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The design of functional materials with desired properties is essential in driving technological advances in areas such as energy storage, catalysis and carbon capture1–3. Generative models accelerate materials design by directly generating new materials given desired property constraints, but current methods have a low success rate in proposing stable crystals or can satisfy only a limited set of property constraints4–11. Here we present MatterGen, a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints. Compared with previous generative models4,12, structures produced by MatterGen are more than twice as likely to be new and stable, and more than ten times closer to the local energy minimum. After fine-tuning, MatterGen successfully generates stable, new materials with desired chemistry, symmetry and mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties. As a proof of concept, we synthesize one of the generated structures and measure its property value to be within 20% of our target. We believe that the quality of generated materials and the breadth of abilities of MatterGen represent an important advancement towards creating a foundational generative model for materials design. MatterGen is a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zeni, Claudio and Pinsler, Robert and Zügner, Daniel and Fowler, Andrew and Horton, Matthew and Fu, Xiang and Wang, Zilong and Shysheya, Aliaksandra and Crabbé, Jonathan and Ueda, Shoko and Sordillo, Roberto and Sun, Lixin and Smith, Jake and Nguyen, Bichlien and Schulz, Hannes and Lewis, Sarah and Huang, Chin-Wei and Lu, Ziheng and Zhou, Yichi and Yang, Han and Hao, Hongxia and Li, Jielan and Yang, Chunlei and Li, Wenjie and Tomioka, Ryota and Xie, Tian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08628-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {624-632}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A generative model for inorganic materials design}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mixed-precision memristor and SRAM compute-in-memory AI processor. NATURE, 639(8055), 617-623. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices1–12 demand high-precision energy-efficient computations, large on-chip model storage, rapid wakeup-to-response time and cost-effective foundry-ready solutions. Floating point (FP) computation provides precision exceeding that of integer (INT) formats at the cost of higher power and storage overhead. Multi-level-cell (MLC) memristor compute-in-memory (CIM)13–15 provides compact non-volatile storage and energy-efficient computation but is prone to accuracy loss owing to process variation. Digital static random-access memory (SRAM)-CIM16–22 enables lossless computation; however, storage is low as a result of large bit-cell area and model loading is required during inference. Thus, conventional approaches using homogeneous CIM architectures and computation formats impose a trade-off between efficiency, storage, wakeup latency and inference accuracy. Here we present a mixed-precision heterogeneous CIM AI edge processor, which supports the layer-granular/kernel-granular partitioning of network layers among on-chip CIM architectures (that is, memristor-CIM, SRAM-CIM and tiny-digital units) and computation number formats (INT and FP) based on sensitivity to error. This layer-granular/kernel-granular flexibility allows simultaneous optimization within the two-dimensional design space at the hardware level. The proposed hardware achieved high energy efficiency (40.91 TFLOPS W−1 for ResNet-20 with CIFAR-100 and 28.63 TFLOPS W−1 for MobileNet-v2 with ImageNet), low accuracy degradation (<0.45% for ResNet-20 with CIFAR-100 and for MobilNet-v2 with ImageNet) and rapid wakeup-to-response time (373.52 μs). A mixed-precision heterogeneous memristor combined with a compute-in-memory artificial intelligence (AI) processor allows optimization of the precision, energy efficiency, storage and wakeup-to-response time requirements of AI edge devices, which is demonstrated using existing models and datasets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khwa, Win-San and Wen, Tai-Hao and Hsu, Hung-Hsi and Huang, Wei-Hsing and Chang, Yu-Chen and Chiu, Ting-Chien and Ke, Zhao-En and Chin, Yu-Hsiang and Wen, Hua-Jin and Hsu, Wei-Ting and Lo, Chung-Chuan and Liu, Ren-Shuo and Hsieh, Chih-Cheng and Tang, Kea-Tiong and Ho, Mon-Shu and Lele, Ashwin Sanjay and Teng, Shih-Hsin and Chou, Chung-Cheng and Chih, Yu-Der and Chang, Tsung-Yung Jonathan and Chang, Meng-Fan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08639-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {617-623}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mixed-precision memristor and SRAM compute-in-memory AI processor}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Optimizing generative AI by backpropagating language model feedback. NATURE, 639(8055), 609-616. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly driven by systems orchestrating multiple large language models (LLMs) and other specialized tools, such as search engines and simulators. So far, these systems are primarily handcrafted by domain experts and tweaked through heuristics rather than being automatically optimized, presenting a substantial challenge to accelerating progress. The development of artificial neural networks faced a similar challenge until backpropagation and automatic differentiation transformed the field by making optimization turnkey. Analogously, here we introduce TextGrad, a versatile framework that performs optimization by backpropagating LLM-generated feedback to improve AI systems. By leveraging natural language feedback to critique and suggest improvements to any part of a system—from prompts to outputs such as molecules or treatment plans—TextGrad enables the automatic optimization of generative AI systems across diverse tasks. We demonstrate TextGrad’s generality and effectiveness through studies in solving PhD-level science problems, optimizing plans for radiotherapy treatments, designing molecules with specific properties, coding, and optimizing agentic systems. TextGrad empowers scientists and engineers to easily develop impactful generative AI systems. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems can be optimized using TextGrad, a framework that performs optimization by backpropagating large-language-model-generated feedback; TextGrad enables optimization across diverse tasks, including radiotherapy treatment plans and molecule generation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yuksekgonul, Mert and Bianchi, Federico and Boen, Joseph and Liu, Sheng and Lu, Pan and Huang, Zhi and Guestrin, Carlos and Zou, James}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08661-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {609-616}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Optimizing generative AI by backpropagating language model feedback}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Disorder-assisted real–momentum topological photonic crystal. NATURE, 639(8055), 602-608. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Topological defects and disorder counteract each other1–5. Intuitively, disorder is considered detrimental, requiring efforts to mitigate its effects in conventional topological photonics6–9. We propose a counter-intuitive approach that exploits a real–momentum topological photonic crystal that harnesses real-space disorder to generate a Pancharatnam–Berry phase10,11, without disrupting the momentum-space singularity originating from bound states in the continuum12. This methodology allows flat optical devices to encode spatial information or even extra topological charge in real space while preserving the topology of bound states in the continuum in momentum space with inherent alignment. Here, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate the simultaneous and independent generation of a real-space broadband vortex or a holographic image alongside resonant momentum-space vortex beams with a narrow bandwidth, which cannot be achieved with conventional methods. Such engineered disorder contributes to vast intrinsic freedoms without adding extra dimensions or compromising the optical flatness13,14. Our findings of real–momentum duality not only lay the foundation for disorder engineering in topological photonics but also open new avenues for optical wavefront shaping, encryption and communications. A real–momentum topological photonic crystal that harnesses real-space disorder is used to generate a Pancharatnam–Berry phase while preserving momentum-space topology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qin, Haoye and Su, Zengping and Zhang, Zhe and Lv, Wenjing and Yang, Zijin and Chen, Weijin and Gao, Xinyue and Wei, Heng and Shi, Yuzhi and Li, Bo and Zhou, Ji and Fleury, Romain and Qiu, Cheng-Wei and Song, Qinghua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08632-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {602-608}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Disorder-assisted real–momentum topological photonic crystal}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-term studies provide unique insights into evolution. NATURE, 639(8055), 589-601. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From experimental evolution in the laboratory to sustained measurements of natural selection in the wild, long-term studies have revolutionized our understanding of evolution. By directly investigating evolutionary dynamics in real time, these approaches have provided unparallelled insights into the complex interplay between evolutionary process and pattern. These approaches can reveal oscillations, stochastic fluctuations and systematic trends that unfold over extended periods, expose critical time lags between environmental shifts and population responses, and illuminate how subtle effects may accumulate into significant evolutionary patterns. Long-term studies can also reveal otherwise cryptic trends that unfold over extended periods, and offer the potential for serendipity: observing rare events that spur new evolutionary hypotheses and research directions. Despite the challenges of conducting long-term research, exacerbated by modern funding landscapes favouring short-term projects, the contributions of long-term studies to evolutionary biology are indispensable. This is particularly true in our rapidly changing, human-dominated world, where such studies offer a crucial window into how environmental changes and altered species interactions shape evolutionary trajectories. In this Review article, we showcase the groundbreaking discoveries of long-term evolutionary studies, underscoring their crucial role in advancing our understanding of the complex nature of evolution across multiple systems and timescales. Long-term studies provide insights into the complex interplay between evolutionary process and pattern across multiple systems and timescales.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stroud, James T. and Ratcliff, William C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08597-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {589-601}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-term studies provide unique insights into evolution}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Key process in sex-cell formation can finally be studied in vitro. NATURE, 639(8055), 586-587. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The enzyme SPO11 has a crucial role in meiosis, the process that forms sperm and egg cells. The activity of purified SPO11 has now been reconstituted in a cell-free system — enabling the enzyme’s role to be studied in detail. Activity of the purified SPO11 enzyme reconstituted in cell-free system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mendez Diaz, Francisco and Corbett, Kevin D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00305-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {586-587}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Key process in sex-cell formation can finally be studied in vitro}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An experiment in mass education using satellite TV. NATURE, 639(8055), 585. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plans to broadcast TV to villages in India to improve literacy rates, and camels that have settled in the Nevada desert, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00805-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {585}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An experiment in mass education using satellite TV}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Errors in the huntington’s disease gene accumulate slowly and then all at once. NATURE, 639(8055), 584-586. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Inherited repeat mutations in the HTT gene expand in neurons over decades before crossing a toxic threshold, revealing a long time window for therapy. Inherited repeat mutations in the HTT gene expand in neurons over decades before crossing a toxic threshold, revealing a long time window for therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rajagopal, Veera M. and Gelfman, Sahar}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00717-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {584-586}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Errors in the huntington’s disease gene accumulate slowly and then all at once}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Putting the brakes on mitochondrial fusion to prevent escape of mitochondrial DNA. NATURE, 639(8055), 582-584. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cellular organelles called mitochondria contain DNA and can fuse together or split apart. It emerges that excess fusion is averted by stress-activated regulators, preventing the potentially harmful release of mitochondrial DNA. Organelle network is regulated to prevent cellular inflammation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McArthur, Kate and Ryan, Michael T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00303-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {582-584}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Putting the brakes on mitochondrial fusion to prevent escape of mitochondrial DNA}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient peat reveals that sea level surged rapidly twice at the end of the last ice age. NATURE, 639(8055), 580-582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of peat from ancient wetlands provides a reconstruction of how sea level increased millennia ago — and how it might rise again with global warming. An analysis of peat from ancient wetlands provides a reconstruction of how sea level increased millennia ago — and how it might rise again with global warming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Khan, Nicole S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00800-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {580-582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient peat reveals that sea level surged rapidly twice at the end of the last ice age}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fish gills and human ears share the same genetic blueprint. NATURE, 639(8055), 579-580. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gills and mammalian ears bear little resemblance, yet examination of gene regulation reveals that key supportive cartilage tissue arises from similar embryonic cells guided by an evolutionarily conserved genetic program. Evolutionarily conserved molecular program used to form gills and ears.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Ruiqi and Plikus, Maksim V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00342-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {579-580}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fish gills and human ears share the same genetic blueprint}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Japan needs a fresh approach to innovation. NATURE, 639(8055), 577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gruss, Peter}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00821-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Japan needs a fresh approach to innovation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global cooperation is crucial for DeepSeek and broader AI research. NATURE, 639(8055), 577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Haoyu}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00822-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global cooperation is crucial for DeepSeek and broader AI research}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI demands a different approach to education. NATURE, 639(8055), 577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zeng, Ziqiang and Xu, Jiuping}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00823-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI demands a different approach to education}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US disruptions to science could transform global research landscape. NATURE, 639(8055), 577. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Chunyu and Liu, Liping}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00824-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {577}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US disruptions to science could transform global research landscape}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why coalitions of wealthy nations should fund others to decarbonize. NATURE, 639(8055), 574-576. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Failure to agree on global grants to help low- and middle-income countries to achieve net-zero emissions cannot be the end of the story. An urgent solution is needed. Failure to agree on global grants to help low- and middle-income countries to achieve net-zero emissions cannot be the end of the story. An urgent solution is needed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bolton, Patrick and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Kleinnijenhuis, Alissa and Rockström, Johan and Zettelmeyer, Jeromin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00779-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {574-576}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why coalitions of wealthy nations should fund others to decarbonize}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Space debris is falling from the skies. we need to tackle this growing danger. NATURE, 639(8055), 571-573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Why failing to control defunct satellites leaves everyone at risk from their impacts. Why failing to control defunct satellites leaves everyone at risk from their impacts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ocaya, Richard O. and Malevu, Thembinkosi D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00797-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {571-573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Space debris is falling from the skies. we need to tackle this growing danger}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Elisabeth vrba obituary: Palaeontologist who solved a problem that vexed darwin. NATURE, 639(8055), 570. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The biologist’s theories about how environments prompt rapid species evolution and extinction propelled her onto the world stage. The biologist’s theories about how environments prompt rapid species evolution and extinction propelled her onto the world stage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eldredge, Niles}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00778-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {570}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Elisabeth vrba obituary: Palaeontologist who solved a problem that vexed darwin}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The untamed river and the moog: Books in brief. NATURE, 639(8055), 569. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00795-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {569}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The untamed river and the moog: Books in brief}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A radical manifesto for truth. NATURE, 639(8055), 567-569. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Is a revolution of standards in public life the key to tackling our intertwined environmental crises? A compelling book argues it is. Is a revolution of standards in public life the key to tackling our intertwined environmental crises? A compelling book argues it is.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Julia P. G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00794-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {567-569}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A radical manifesto for truth}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Swarms of satellites are harming astronomy. here’s how researchers are fighting back. NATURE, 639(8055), 564-566. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {SpaceX and other companies plan to launch tens of thousands of satellites, which could mar astronomical observations and pollute the atmosphere. SpaceX and other companies plan to launch tens of thousands of satellites, which could mar astronomical observations and pollute the atmosphere.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00792-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {564-566}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Swarms of satellites are harming astronomy. here’s how researchers are fighting back}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The biggest machine in science: Inside the fight to build the next giant particle collider. NATURE, 639(8055), 560-563. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The European physics laboratory CERN is planning to build a mega collider by 2070. Critics say the plan could lead to its ruin. The European physics laboratory CERN is planning to build a mega collider by 2070. Critics say the plan could lead to its ruin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00793-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {560-563}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The biggest machine in science: Inside the fight to build the next giant particle collider}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NASA begins mass firings of scientists ahead of trump team’s deadline. NATURE, 639(8055), 558. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Top advisers in the Office of the Chief Scientist are among the first to go amid downsizing effort. Top advisers in the Office of the Chief Scientist are among the first to go amid downsizing effort.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00756-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {558}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NASA begins mass firings of scientists ahead of trump team’s deadline}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How fast your brain ages is affected by these 64 genes. NATURE, 639(8055), 557-558. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists also identified anti-ageing drugs and experimental compounds that could target the genes to reverse decline. Scientists also identified anti-ageing drugs and experimental compounds that could target the genes to reverse decline.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00766-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {557-558}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How fast your brain ages is affected by these 64 genes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a PhD student’s lab size affects their chance of future academic success. NATURE, 639(8055), 556-557. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trainees in big research groups tend to go on to greater academic success than their small-group counterparts — but are more likely to quit academia altogether. Trainees in big research groups tend to go on to greater academic success than their small-group counterparts — but are more likely to quit academia altogether.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00644-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {556-557}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a PhD student’s lab size affects their chance of future academic success}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microsoft quantum computing ‘breakthrough’ faces fresh challenge. NATURE, 639(8055), 555-556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analysis pokes holes in protocol that underpins Microsoft’s claim to have created the first topological qubits. Analysis pokes holes in protocol that underpins Microsoft’s claim to have created the first topological qubits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00683-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {555-556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microsoft quantum computing ‘breakthrough’ faces fresh challenge}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the NIH dominates the world’s health research — In charts. NATURE, 639(8055), 554-555. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Abrupt cuts by the Trump administration to the US National Institutes of Health threaten progress in medical research globally. Abrupt cuts by the Trump administration to the US National Institutes of Health threaten progress in medical research globally.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gaind, Nisha}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00754-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {554-555}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the NIH dominates the world’s health research — In charts}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Move over graphene! scientists forge bismuthene and host of atoms-thick metals. NATURE, 639(8055), 553. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tiny anvil squeezes metal atoms into super-thin sheets with strange properties. Tiny anvil squeezes metal atoms into super-thin sheets with strange properties.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00763-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {553}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Move over graphene! scientists forge bismuthene and host of atoms-thick metals}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Scientists will not be silenced’: Thousands protest trump research cuts. NATURE, 639(8055), 551-552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers at Stand Up for Science rallies voice defiance against the policies of US President Donald Trump’s administration. Researchers at Stand Up for Science rallies voice defiance against the policies of US President Donald Trump’s administration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian and Basilio, Humberto and Ledford, Heidi and Maher, Brendan and Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00704-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {551-552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Scientists will not be silenced’: Thousands protest trump research cuts}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mega-storm dumps 11 billion tonnes of snow ― and builds up a melting ice sheet. NATURE, 639(8055), 549. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A well-timed atmospheric river dropped enough snow on Greenland for its ice sheet to lose 8% less mass than expected. A well-timed atmospheric river dropped enough snow on Greenland for its ice sheet to lose 8% less mass than expected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00705-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {549}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mega-storm dumps 11 billion tonnes of snow ― and builds up a melting ice sheet}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Robotic fingers can tell objects apart by touch. NATURE, 639(8055), 549. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Prosthetic appendage uses three layers of touch sensors to accurately differentiate between textures. Prosthetic appendage uses three layers of touch sensors to accurately differentiate between textures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00706-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {549}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Robotic fingers can tell objects apart by touch}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How extreme lethargy can promote healthy ageing. NATURE, 639(8055), 549. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The drop in body temperature that occurs during a torpid state is linked to molecular markers of longer life in mice. The drop in body temperature that occurs during a torpid state is linked to molecular markers of longer life in mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00707-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {549}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How extreme lethargy can promote healthy ageing}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bad romance: Male octopuses inject deadly venom into their mates. NATURE, 639(8055), 549. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The paralysing toxin deployed by the male blue-lined octopus might help to protect him from being eaten. The paralysing toxin deployed by the male blue-lined octopus might help to protect him from being eaten.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00708-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {549}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bad romance: Male octopuses inject deadly venom into their mates}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t wait out four hard years: Speak truth to power. NATURE, 639(8055), 548. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The importance of diversity in science is an unshakeable reality that the scientific community must stand by. The importance of diversity in science is an unshakeable reality that the scientific community must stand by.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Caplan, Arthur}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00791-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {548}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t wait out four hard years: Speak truth to power}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Governments must stop hoarding climate data. NATURE, 639(8055), 547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {National agencies too often use spurious reasons to deny researchers unfettered access to resources that are key to understanding past and future climate change. National agencies too often use spurious reasons to deny researchers unfettered access to resources that are key to understanding past and future climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Beguería, Santiago}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00790-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Governments must stop hoarding climate data}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Vaccines save lives. leaders must champion them. NATURE, 639(8055), 546. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Attacks on vaccines and the cancellation of research into what causes vaccine hesitancy puts people in harm’s way. Attacks on vaccines and the cancellation of research into what causes vaccine hesitancy puts people in harm’s way.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00789-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {546}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Vaccines save lives. leaders must champion them}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cleaning up space: How satellites and telescopes can live together. NATURE, 639(8055), 545-546. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Satellites connect people around the world but they also interfere with astronomers’ views of the cosmos. There are ways to reduce these tensions. Satellites connect people around the world but they also interfere with astronomers’ views of the cosmos. There are ways to reduce these tensions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00788-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8055}, pages = {545-546}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cleaning up space: How satellites and telescopes can live together}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: CTLA4 blockade abrogates KEAP1/STK11-related resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors. NATURE, 639(8054), E19. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Skoulidis, Ferdinandos and Araujo, Haniel A. and Do, Minh Truong and Qian, Yu and Sun, Xin and Cobo, Ana Galan and Le, John T. and Montesion, Meagan and Palmer, Rachael and Jahchan, Nadine and Juan, Joseph M. and Min, Chengyin and Yu, Yi and Pan, Xuewen and Arbour, Kathryn C. and Vokes, Natalie and Schmidt, Stephanie T. and Molkentine, David and Owen, Dwight H. and Memmott, Regan and Patil, Pradnya D. and Marmarelis, Melina E. and Awad, Mark M. and Murray, Joseph C. and Hellyer, Jessica A. and Gainor, Justin F. and Dimou, Anastasios and Bestvina, Christine M. and Shu, Catherine A. and Riess, Jonathan W. and Blakely, Collin M. and Pecot, Chad V. and Mezquita, Laura and Tabbó, Fabrizio and Scheffler, Matthias and Digumarthy, Subba and Mooradian, Meghan J. and Sacher, Adrian G. and Lau, Sally C. M. and Saltos, Andreas N. and Rotow, Julia and Johnson, Rocio Perez and Liu, Corinne and Stewart, Tyler and Goldberg, Sarah B. and Killam, Jonathan and Walther, Zenta and Schalper, Kurt and Davies, Kurtis D. and Woodcock, Mark G. and Anagnostou, Valsamo and Marrone, Kristen A. and Forde, Patrick M. and Ricciuti, Biagio and Venkatraman, Deepti and Van Allen, Eliezer M. and Cummings, Amy L. and Goldman, Jonathan W. and Shaish, Hiram and Kier, Melanie and Katz, Sharyn and Aggarwal, Charu and Ni, Ying and Azok, Joseph T. and Segal, Jeremy and Ritterhouse, Lauren and Neal, Joel W. and Lacroix, Ludovic and Elamin, Yasir Y. and Negrao, Marcelo V. and Le, Xiuning and Lam, Vincent K. and Lewis, Whitney E. and Kemp, Haley N. and Carter, Brett and Roth, Jack A. and Swisher, Stephen and Lee, Richard and Zhou, Teng and Poteete, Alissa and Kong, Yifan and Takehara, Tomohiro and Paula, Alvaro Guimaraes and Parra Cuentas, Edwin R. and Behrens, Carmen and Wistuba, Ignacio I. and Zhang, Jianjun and Blumenschein, George R. and Gay, Carl and Byers, Lauren A. and Gibbons, Don L. and Tsao, Anne and Lee, J. Jack and Bivona, Trever G. and Camidge, D. Ross and Gray, Jhannelle E. and Leighl, Natasha B. and Levy, Benjamin and Brahmer, Julie R. and Garassino, Marina C. and Gandara, David R. and Garon, Edward B. and Rizvi, Naiyer A. and Scagliotti, Giorgio Vittorio and Wolf, Jürgen and Planchard, David and Besse, Benjamin and Herbst, Roy S. and Wakelee, Heather A. and Pennell, Nathan A. and Shaw, Alice T. and Jänne, Pasi A. and Carbone, David P. and Hellmann, Matthew D. and Rudin, Charles M. and Albacker, Lee and Mann, Helen and Zhu, Zhou and Lai, Zhongwu and Stewart, Ross and Peters, Solange and Johnson, Melissa L. and Wong, Kwok K. and Huang, Alan and Winslow, Monte M. and Rosen, Michael J. and Winters, Ian P. and Papadimitrakopoulou, Vassiliki A. and Cascone, Tina and Jewsbury, Philip and Heymach, John V.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08767-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: CTLA4 blockade abrogates KEAP1/STK11-related resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-l1 resistance in solid tumours. NATURE, 639(8054), E18. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Melero, Ignacio and de Miguel Luken, Maria and de Velasco, Guillermo and Garralda, Elena and Martín-Liberal, Juan and Joerger, Markus and Alonso, Guzman and Goebeler, Maria-Elisabeth and Schuler, Martin and König, David and Dummer, Reinhard and Reig, Maria and Rodriguez Ruiz, Maria-Esperanza and Calvo, Emiliano and Esteban-Villarrubia, Jorge and Oberoi, Arjun and Sabat, Paula and Soto-Castillo, Juan José and Koster, Kira-Lee and Saavedra, Omar and Sayehli, Cyrus and Gromke, Tanja and Läubli, Heinz and Ramelyte, Egle and Fortuny, Marta and Landa-Magdalena, Ana and Moreno, Irene and Torres-Jiménez, Javier and Hernando-Calvo, Alberto and Hess, Dagmar and Racca, Fabricio and Richly, Heike and Schmitt, Andreas M. and Eggenschwiler, Corinne and Sanduzzi-Zamparelli, Marco and Vilalta-Lacarra, Anna and Trojan, Jörg and Koch, Christine and Galle, Peter R. and Foerster, Friedrich and Trajanoski, Zlatko and Hackl, Hubert and Gogolla, Falk and Koll, Florestan J. and Wild, Peter and Chun, Felix Kyoung Hwan and Reis, Henning and Lloyd, Peter and Machacek, Matthias and Gajewski, Thomas F. and Fridman, Wolf H. and Eggermont, Alexander M. M. and Bargou, Ralf and Schöniger, Sandra and Rüschoff, Josef and Tereshchenko, Anastasiia and Zink, Carina and da Silva, Antonio and Lichtenegger, Felix S. and Akdemir, Julia and Rüdiger, Manfred and L’Huillier, Phil and Dutta, Aradhana and Haake, Markus and Auckenthaler, Alexandra and Gjorgjioska, Ana and Rössler, Bernhard and Hermann, Frank and Liebig, Mara and Reichhardt, Daniela and Schuberth-Wagner, Christine and Wischhusen, Jörg and Fettes, Petra and Auer, Marlene and Klar, Kathrin and Leo, Eugen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08827-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-l1 resistance in solid tumours}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A comprehensive spatio-cellular map of the human hypothalamus. NATURE, 639(8054), E17. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tadross, John A. and Steuernagel, Lukas and Dowsett, Georgina K. C. and Kentistou, Katherine A. and Lundh, Sofia and Porniece, Marta and Klemm, Paul and Rainbow, Kara and Hvid, Henning and Kania, Katarzyna and Polex-Wolf, Joseph and Knudsen, Lotte Bjerre and Pyke, Charles and Perry, John R. B. and Lam, Brian Y. H. and Brüning, Jens C. and Yeo, Giles S. H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08826-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A comprehensive spatio-cellular map of the human hypothalamus}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: The ronne ice shelf survived the last interglacial. NATURE, 639(8054), E16. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wolff, Eric W. and Mulvaney, Robert and Grieman, Mackenzie M. and Hoffmann, Helene M. and Humby, Jack and Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph and Rhodes, Rachael H. and Rowell, Isobel F. and Sime, Louise C. and Fischer, Hubertus and Stocker, Thomas F. and Landais, Amaelle and Parrenin, Frédéric and Steig, Eric J. and Dütsch, Marina and Golledge, Nicholas R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08806-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: The ronne ice shelf survived the last interglacial}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: HIV-1 env trimers asymmetrically engage CD4 receptors in membranes. NATURE, 639(8054), E15. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Wenwei and Qin, Zhuan and Nand, Elizabeth and Grunst, Michael W. and Grover, Jonathan R. and Bess, Julian W. and Lifson, Jeffrey D. and Zwick, Michael B. and Tagare, Hemant D. and Uchil, Pradeep D. and Mothes, Walther}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08802-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: HIV-1 env trimers asymmetrically engage CD4 receptors in membranes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: The genetic origin of the indo-europeans. NATURE, 639(8054), E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lazaridis, Iosif and Patterson, Nick and Anthony, David and Vyazov, Leonid and Fournier, Romain and Ringbauer, Harald and Olalde, Iñigo and Khokhlov, Alexander A. and Kitov, Egor P. and Shishlina, Natalia I. and Ailincăi, Sorin C. and Agapov, Danila S. and Agapov, Sergey A. and Batieva, Elena and Bauyrzhan, Baitanayev and Bereczki, Zsolt and Buzhilova, Alexandra and Changmai, Piya and Chizhevsky, Andrey A. and Ciobanu, Ion and Constantinescu, Mihai and Csányi, Marietta and Dani, János and Dashkovskiy, Peter K. and Évinger, Sándor and Faifert, Anatoly and Flegontov, Pavel and Frînculeasa, Alin and Frînculeasa, Mădălina N. and Hajdu, Tamás and Higham, Tom and Jarosz, Paweł and Jelínek, Pavol and Khartanovich, Valeri I. and Kirginekov, Eduard N. and Kiss, Viktória and Kitova, Alexandera and Kiyashko, Alexeiy V. and Koledin, Jovan and Korolev, Arkady and Kosintsev, Pavel and Kulcsár, Gabriella and Kuznetsov, Pavel and Magomedov, Rabadan and Mamedov, Aslan M. and Melis, Eszter and Moiseyev, Vyacheslav and Molnár, Erika and Monge, Janet and Negrea, Octav and Nikolaeva, Nadezhda A. and Novak, Mario and Ochir-Goryaeva, Maria and Pálfi, György and Popovici, Sergiu and Rykun, Marina P. and Savenkova, Tatyana M. and Semibratov, Vladimir P. and Seregin, Nikolai N. and Šefčáková, Alena and Mussayeva, Raikhan S. and Shingiray, Irina and Shirokov, Vladimir N. and Simalcsik, Angela and Sirak, Kendra and Solodovnikov, Konstantin N. and Tárnoki, Judit and Tishkin, Alexey A. and Trifonov, Viktor and Vasilyev, Sergey and Akbari, Ali and Brielle, Esther S. and Callan, Kim and Candilio, Francesca and Cheronet, Olivia and Curtis, Elizabeth and Flegontova, Olga and Iliev, Lora and Kearns, Aisling and Keating, Denise and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Michel, Megan and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Workman, J. Noah and Zalzala, Fatma and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna and Palamara, Pier Francesco and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08789-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: The genetic origin of the indo-europeans}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Weather anomalies cannot explain insect decline. NATURE, 639(8054), E12-E13. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Müller, Jörg and Hothorn, Torsten and Yuan, Ye and Seibold, Sebastian and Mitesser, Oliver and Rothacher, Julia and Freund, Julia and Wild, Clara and Wolz, Marina and Menzel, Annette}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08529-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E12-E13}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Weather anomalies cannot explain insect decline}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Weather anomalies cannot explain insect decline. NATURE, 639(8054), E7-E11. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hallmann, Caspar A. and Jongejans, Eelke and Hörren, Thomas and Sorg, Martin and Siepel, Henk and Mühlethaler, Roland and Lehmann, Gerlind U. C. and de Kroon, Hans}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08528-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {E7-E11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Weather anomalies cannot explain insect decline}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I create buildings from mushroom components. NATURE, 639(8054), 538. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mtamu Kililo creates alternative construction materials to confront Kenya’s housing crisis. Mtamu Kililo creates alternative construction materials to confront Kenya’s housing crisis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lizak, Miles}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00741-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {538}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I create buildings from mushroom components}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting protein–ligand neosurfaces with a generalizable deep learning tool. NATURE, 639(8054), 522-531. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Molecular recognition events between proteins drive biological processes in living systems1. However, higher levels of mechanistic regulation have emerged, in which protein–protein interactions are conditioned to small molecules2–5. Despite recent advances, computational tools for the design of new chemically induced protein interactions have remained a challenging task for the field6,7. Here we present a computational strategy for the design of proteins that target neosurfaces, that is, surfaces arising from protein–ligand complexes. To develop this strategy, we leveraged a geometric deep learning approach based on learned molecular surface representations8,9 and experimentally validated binders against three drug-bound protein complexes: Bcl2–venetoclax, DB3–progesterone and PDF1–actinonin. All binders demonstrated high affinities and accurate specificities, as assessed by mutational and structural characterization. Remarkably, surface fingerprints previously trained only on proteins could be applied to neosurfaces induced by interactions with small molecules, providing a powerful demonstration of generalizability that is uncommon in other deep learning approaches. We anticipate that such designed chemically induced protein interactions will have the potential to expand the sensing repertoire and the assembly of new synthetic pathways in engineered cells for innovative drug-controlled cell-based therapies10. A computational deep learning approach is used to design synthetic proteins that target the neosurfaces formed by protein–ligand interactions, with applications in the development of new therapeutic modalities such as molecular glues or cell-based therapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marchand, Anthony and Buckley, Stephen and Schneuing, Arne and Pacesa, Martin and Elia, Maddalena and Gainza, Pablo and Elizarova, Evgenia and Neeser, Rebecca M. and Lee, Pao-Wan and Reymond, Luc and Miao, Yangyang and Scheller, Leo and Georgeon, Sandrine and Schmidt, Joseph and Schwaller, Philippe and Maerkl, Sebastian J. and Bronstein, Michael and Correia, Bruno E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08435-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {522-531}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting protein–ligand neosurfaces with a generalizable deep learning tool}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineering a genomically recoded organism with one stop codon. NATURE, 639(8054), 512-521. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The genetic code is conserved across all domains of life, yet exceptions have revealed variations in codon assignments and associated translation factors1–3. Inspired by this natural malleability, synthetic approaches have demonstrated whole-genome replacement of synonymous codons to construct genomically recoded organisms (GROs)4,5 with alternative genetic codes. However, no efforts have fully leveraged translation factor plasticity and codon degeneracy to compress translation function to a single codon and assess the possibility of a non-degenerate code. Here we describe construction and characterization of Ochre, a GRO that fully compresses a translational function into a single codon. We replaced 1,195 TGA stop codons with the synonymous TAA in ∆TAG Escherichia coli C321.∆A4. We then engineered release factor 2 (RF2) and tRNATrp to mitigate native UGA recognition, translationally isolating four codons for non-degenerate functions. Ochre thus utilizes UAA as the sole stop codon, with UGG encoding tryptophan and UAG and UGA reassigned for multi-site incorporation of two distinct non-standard amino acids into single proteins with more than 99% accuracy. Ochre fully compresses degenerate stop codons into a single codon and represents an important step toward a 64-codon non-degenerate code that will enable precise production of multi-functional synthetic proteins with unnatural encoded chemistries and broad utility in biotechnology and biotherapeutics. Ochre, a strain of Escherichia coli engineered to have a single stop codon, enables reassignment of four codons for non-degenerate functions, such as incorporation of non-standard amino acids into proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Grome, Michael W. and Nguyen, Michael T. A. and Moonan, Daniel W. and Mohler, Kyle and Gurara, Kebron and Wang, Shenqi and Hemez, Colin and Stenton, Benjamin J. and Cao, Yunteng and Radford, Felix and Kornaj, Maya and Patel, Jaymin and Prome, Maisha and Rogulina, Svetlana and Sozanski, David and Tordoff, Jesse and Rinehart, Jesse and Isaacs, Farren J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08501-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {512-521}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineering a genomically recoded organism with one stop codon}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineered heart muscle allografts for heart repair in primates and humans. NATURE, 639(8054), 503-511. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cardiomyocytes can be implanted to remuscularize the failing heart1–7. Challenges include sufficient cardiomyocyte retention for a sustainable therapeutic impact without intolerable side effects, such as arrhythmia and tumour growth. We investigated the hypothesis that epicardial engineered heart muscle (EHM) allografts from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stromal cells structurally and functionally remuscularize the chronically failing heart without limiting side effects in rhesus macaques. After confirmation of in vitro and in vivo (nude rat model) equivalence of the newly developed rhesus macaque EHM model with a previously established Good Manufacturing Practice-compatible human EHM formulation8, long-term retention (up to 6 months) and dose-dependent enhancement of the target heart wall by EHM grafts constructed from 40 to 200 million cardiomyocytes/stromal cells were demonstrated in macaques with and without myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. In the heart failure model, evidence for EHM allograft-enhanced target heart wall contractility and ejection fraction, which are measures for local and global heart support, was obtained. Histopathological and gadolinium-based perfusion magnetic resonance imaging analyses confirmed cell retention and functional vascularization. Arrhythmia and tumour growth were not observed. The obtained feasibility, safety and efficacy data provided the pivotal underpinnings for the approval of a first-in-human clinical trial on tissue-engineered heart repair. Our clinical data confirmed remuscularization by EHM implantation in a patient with advanced heart failure. Epicardial engineered heart muscle allografts from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can safely and effectively remuscularize chronically failing hearts in rhesus macaques, leading to improved cardiac function and paving the way for human clinical trials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jebran, Ahmad-Fawad and Seidler, Tim and Tiburcy, Malte and Daskalaki, Maria and Kutschka, Ingo and Fujita, Buntaro and Ensminger, Stephan and Bremmer, Felix and Moussavi, Amir and Yang, Huaxiao and Qin, Xulei and Mißbach, Sophie and Drummer, Charis and Baraki, Hassina and Boretius, Susann and Hasenauer, Christopher and Nette, Tobias and Kowallick, Johannes and Ritter, Christian O. and Lotz, Joachim and Didié, Michael and Mietsch, Mathias and Meyer, Tim and Kensah, George and Krüger, Dennis and Sakib, Md Sadman and Kaurani, Lalit and Fischer, Andre and Dressel, Ralf and Rodriguez-Polo, Ignacio and Stauske, Michael and Diecke, Sebastian and Maetz-Rensing, Kerstin and Gruber-Dujardin, Eva and Bleyer, Martina and Petersen, Beatrix and Roos, Christian and Zhang, Liye and Walter, Lutz and Kaulfuß, Silke and Yigit, Gökhan and Wollnik, Bernd and Levent, Elif and Roshani, Berit and Stahl-Henning, Christiane and Ströbel, Philipp and Legler, Tobias and Riggert, Joachim and Hellenkamp, Kristian and Voigt, Jens-Uwe and Hasenfuß, Gerd and Hinkel, Rabea and Wu, Joseph C. and Behr, Rüdiger and Zimmermann, Wolfram-Hubertus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08463-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {503-511}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineered heart muscle allografts for heart repair in primates and humans}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transcriptional adaptation upregulates utrophin in duchenne muscular dystrophy. NATURE, 639(8054), 493-502. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle-degenerating disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes the dystrophin protein1,2. Utrophin (UTRN), the genetic and functional paralogue of DMD, is upregulated in some DMD patients3–5. To further investigate this UTRN upregulation, we first developed an inducible messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation system for DMD by introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) in one of its alternatively spliced exons. Inclusion of the PTC-containing exon triggers DMD mutant mRNA decay and UTRN upregulation. Notably, blocking nonsense-mediated mRNA decay results in the reversal of UTRN upregulation, whereas overexpressing DMD does not. Furthermore, overexpressing DMDPTC minigenes in wild-type cells causes UTRN upregulation, as does a wild-type DMD minigene containing a self-cleaving ribozyme. To place these findings in a therapeutic context, we used splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to induce the skipping of out-of-frame exons of DMD, aiming to introduce PTCs. We found that these ASOs cause UTRN upregulation. In addition, when using an ASO to restore the DMD reading frame in myotubes derived from a DMDΔE52 patient, an actual DMD treatment, UTRN upregulation was reduced. Altogether, these results indicate that an mRNA decay-based mechanism called transcriptional adaptation6–8 plays a key role in UTRN upregulation in DMDPTC patients, and they highlight an unexplored therapeutic application of ASOs, as well as ribozymes, in inducing genetic compensation via transcriptional adaptation.  Transcriptional adaptation upregulates UTRN in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, as supported by several lines of evidence, including the use of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides to induce the skipping of out-of-frame exons of the DMD gene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Falcucci, Lara and Dooley, Christopher M. and Adamoski, Douglas and Juan, Thomas and Martinez, Justin and Georgieva, Angelina M. and Mamchaoui, Kamel and Cirzi, Cansu and Stainier, Didier Y. R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08539-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {493-502}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transcriptional adaptation upregulates utrophin in duchenne muscular dystrophy}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tissue-resident memory CD8 t cell diversity is spatiotemporally imprinted. NATURE, 639(8054), 483-492. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells provide protection from infection at barrier sites. In the small intestine, TRM cells are found in at least two distinct subpopulations: one with higher expression of effector molecules and another with greater memory potential1. However, the origins of this diversity remain unknown. Here we proposed that distinct tissue niches drive the phenotypic heterogeneity of TRM cells. To test this, we leveraged spatial transcriptomics of human samples, a mouse model of acute systemic viral infection and a newly established strategy for pooled optically encoded gene perturbations to profile the locations, interactions and transcriptomes of pathogen-specific TRM cell differentiation at single-transcript resolution. We developed computational approaches to capture cellular locations along three anatomical axes of the small intestine and to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of cell types and gene expression. Our study reveals that the regionalized signalling of the intestinal architecture supports two distinct TRM cell states: differentiated TRM cells and progenitor-like TRM cells, located in the upper villus and lower villus, respectively. This diversity is mediated by distinct ligand–receptor activities, cytokine gradients and specialized cellular contacts. Blocking TGFβ or CXCL9 and CXCL10 sensing by antigen-specific CD8 T cells revealed a model consistent with anatomically delineated, early fate specification. Ultimately, our framework for the study of tissue immune networks reveals that T cell location and functional state are fundamentally intertwined. Profiling of the location and transcriptome of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cell formation at single-transcript resolution finds regionalized signalling as the basis of immune diversity in the intestine and provides a conceptual framework for the study of tissue immune networks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reina-Campos, Miguel and Monell, Alexander and Ferry, Amir and Luna, Vida and Cheung, Kitty P. and Galletti, Giovanni and Scharping, Nicole E. and Takehara, Kennidy K. and Quon, Sara and Challita, Peter P. and Boland, Brigid and Lin, Yun Hsuan and Wong, William H. and Indralingam, Cynthia S. and Neadeau, Hayley and Alarcón, Suzie and Yeo, Gene W. and Chang, John T. and Heeg, Maximilian and Goldrath, Ananda W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08466-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {483-492}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tissue-resident memory CD8 t cell diversity is spatiotemporally imprinted}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma. NATURE, 639(8054), 474-482. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) can generate circulating immune responses against predicted neoantigens1–6. However, whether such responses can target cancer driver mutations, lead to immune recognition of a patient’s tumour and result in clinical activity are largely unknown. These questions are of particular interest for patients who have tumours with a low mutational burden. Here we conducted a phase I trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02950766) to test a neoantigen-targeting PCV in patients with high-risk, fully resected clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC; stage III or IV) with or without ipilimumab administered adjacent to the vaccine. At a median follow-up of 40.2 months after surgery, none of the 9 participants enrolled in the study had a recurrence of RCC. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. All patients generated T cell immune responses against the PCV antigens, including to RCC driver mutations in VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, KDM5C and PIK3CA. Following vaccination, there was a durable expansion of peripheral T cell clones. Moreover, T cell reactivity against autologous tumours was detected in seven out of nine patients. Our results demonstrate that neoantigen-targeting PCVs in high-risk RCC are highly immunogenic, capable of targeting key driver mutations and can induce antitumour immunity. These observations, in conjunction with the absence of recurrence in all nine vaccinated patients, highlights the promise of PCVs as effective adjuvant therapy in RCC. A phase I trial of a neoantigen-targeting personalized cancer vaccine led to durable and polyfunctional T cell responses and antitumour recognition, and was associated with no recurrence in patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Braun, David A. and Moranzoni, Giorgia and Chea, Vipheaviny and McGregor, Bradley A. and Blass, Eryn and Tu, Chloe R. and Vanasse, Allison P. and Forman, Cleo and Forman, Juliet and Afeyan, Alexander B. and Schindler, Nicholas R. and Liu, Yiwen and Li, Shuqiang and Southard, Jackson and Chang, Steven L. and Hirsch, Michelle S. and LeBoeuf, Nicole R. and Olive, Oriol and Mehndiratta, Ambica and Greenslade, Haley and Shetty, Keerthi and Klaeger, Susan and Sarkizova, Siranush and Pedersen, Christina B. and Mossanen, Matthew and Carulli, Isabel and Tarren, Anna and Duke-Cohan, Joseph and Howard, Alexis A. and Iorgulescu, J. Bryan and Shim, Bohoon and Simon, Jeremy M. and Signoretti, Sabina and Aster, Jon C. and Elagina, Liudmila and Carr, Steven A. and Leshchiner, Ignaty and Getz, Gad and Gabriel, Stacey and Hacohen, Nir and Olsen, Lars R. and Oliveira, Giacomo and Neuberg, Donna S. and Livak, Kenneth J. and Shukla, Sachet A. and Fritsch, Edward F. and Wu, Catherine J. and Keskin, Derin B. and Ott, Patrick A. and Choueiri, Toni K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08507-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {474-482}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tumour-wide RNA splicing aberrations generate actionable public neoantigens. NATURE, 639(8054), 463-473. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {T cell-based immunotherapies hold promise in treating cancer by leveraging the immune system’s recognition of cancer-specific antigens1. However, their efficacy is limited in tumours with few somatic mutations and substantial intratumoural heterogeneity2–4. Here we introduce a previously uncharacterized class of tumour-wide public neoantigens originating from RNA splicing aberrations in diverse cancer types. We identified T cell receptor clones capable of recognizing and targeting neoantigens derived from aberrant splicing in GNAS and RPL22. In cases with multi-site biopsies, we detected the tumour-wide expression of the GNAS neojunction in glioma, mesothelioma, prostate cancer and liver cancer. These neoantigens are endogenously generated and presented by tumour cells under physiologic conditions and are sufficient to trigger cancer cell eradication by neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover, our study highlights a role for dysregulated splicing factor expression in specific cancer types, leading to recurrent patterns of neojunction upregulation. These findings establish a molecular basis for T cell-based immunotherapies addressing the challenges of intratumoural heterogeneity. A study identifies public neoantigens generated by tumor-wide aberrant mRNA splicing activity across distinct cancer types.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwok, Darwin W. and Stevers, Nicholas O. and Etxeberria, Iñaki and Nejo, Takahide and Colton Cove, Maggie and Chen, Lee H. and Jung, Jangham and Okada, Kaori and Lakshmanachetty, Senthilnath and Gallus, Marco and Barpanda, Abhilash and Hong, Chibo and Chan, Gary K. L. and Liu, Jerry and Wu, Samuel H. and Ramos, Emilio and Yamamichi, Akane and Watchmaker, Payal B. and Ogino, Hirokazu and Saijo, Atsuro and Du, Aidan and Grishanina, Nadia R. and Woo, James and Diaz, Aaron and Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L. and Chang, Susan M. and Phillips, Joanna J. and Wiita, Arun P. and Klebanoff, Christopher A. and Costello, Joseph F. and Okada, Hideho}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08552-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {463-473}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tumour-wide RNA splicing aberrations generate actionable public neoantigens}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multi-interface licensing of protein import into a phage nucleus. NATURE, 639(8054), 456-462. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bacteriophages use diverse mechanisms to evade antiphage defence systems. ΦKZ-like jumbo phages assemble a proteinaceous, nucleus-like compartment that excludes antagonistic host nucleases and also internalizes DNA replication and transcription machinery1–4. The phage factors required for protein import and the mechanisms of selectivity remain unknown, however. Here we uncover an import system comprising proteins highly conserved across nucleus-forming phages, together with additional cargo-specific contributors. Using a genetic selection that forces the phage to decrease or abolish the import of specific proteins, we determine that the importation of five different phage nuclear-localized proteins requires distinct interfaces of the same factor, Imp1 (gp69). Imp1 localizes early to the nascent phage nucleus and forms discrete puncta in the mature phage nuclear periphery, probably in complex with direct interactor Imp6 (gp67), a conserved protein encoded in the same locus. The import of certain proteins, including a host topoisomerase, additionally requires Imp3 (gp59), a conserved factor necessary for proper Imp1 function. Three additional non-conserved phage proteins (Imp2 and Imp4/Imp5) are required for the import of two queried nuclear cargos (nuclear-localized protein 1 and host topoisomerase, respectively), perhaps acting as specific adaptors. We therefore propose a core import system that includes Imp1, Imp3 and Imp6, with multiple interfaces of Imp1 licensing transport through a protein lattice. This study uncovers a highly conserved jumbo phage protein, Imp1, that possesses multiple interfaces to license protein import into a proteinaceous nucleus-like compartment, using a genetic selection that forces the phage to decrease or abolish the import of specific proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kokontis, Claire and Klein, Timothy A. and Silas, Sukrit and Bondy-Denomy, Joseph}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08547-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {456-462}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multi-interface licensing of protein import into a phage nucleus}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex. NATURE, 639(8054), 447-455. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in plant immunity by sensing pathogen effectors1. In Arabidopsis, certain sensor NLRs function as NADases to catalyse the production of second messengers2,3, which can be recognized by enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) with its partner senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), to activate helper NLR N requirement gene 1 (NRG1)4. A cryoelectron microscopy structure shows that second-messenger-activated EDS1–SAG101 mainly contacts the leucine-rich repeat domain of NRG1A to mediate the formation of an induced EDS1–SAG101–NRG1A complex. Structural comparisons show that binding of a second messenger induces conformational changes in EDS1–SAG101, which are recognized by NRG1A, leading to its allosteric activation. We further show that an inhibitory NRG1 family member, NRG1C, efficiently outcompetes NRG1A for binding to second-messenger-activated EDS1–SAG101. These findings uncover mechanisms for NRG1A activation through its recognition of a modified host EDS1–SAG101 complex, and NRG1A inhibition by NRG1C through sequestration of the activated EDS1–SAG101, thus shedding light on the activation and constraint of a central plant immune response system. In Arabidopsis, mechanisms for NRG1A activation by recognition of a modified host EDS1–SAG101 complex, and NRG1A inhibition by NRG1C through sequestration of activated EDS1–SAG101, show activation and constraint of a central plant immune response system.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Shijia and Wang, Junli and Song, Ridan and Jia, Aolin and Xiao, Yu and Sun, Yue and Wang, Lin and Mahr, Dennis and Wu, Zhongshou and Han, Zhifu and Li, Xin and Parker, Jane E. and Chai, Jijie}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08521-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {447-455}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Activation and inhibition mechanisms of a plant helper NLR. NATURE, 639(8054), 438-446. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors sense pathogen effectors and form resistosomes to confer immunity1. Some sensor NLR resistosomes produce small molecules to induce formation of a heterotrimer complex with two lipase-like proteins, EDS1 and SAG101, and a helper NLR called NRG1 (refs. 2,3). Activation of sensor NLR resistosomes also triggers NRG1 oligomerization and resistosome formation at the plasma membrane4,5. We demonstrate that the Arabidopsis AtEDS1–AtSAG101–AtNRG1A heterotrimer formation is stabilized by the AtNRG1A loss-of-oligomerization mutant L134E5,6. We report structures of AtEDS1–AtSAG101–AtNRG1A L134E and AtEDS1–AtSAG101–AtNRG1C heterotrimers with similar assembly mechanisms. AtNRG1A signalling is activated by the interaction with the AtEDS1–AtSAG101 heterodimer in complex with their small-molecule ligand. The truncated AtNRG1C maintains core interacting domains of AtNRG1A but develops further interactions with AtEDS1–AtSAG101 to outcompete AtNRG1A. Moreover, AtNRG1C lacks an N-terminal signalling domain and shows nucleocytoplasmic localization, facilitating its sequestration of AtEDS1–AtSAG101, which is also nucleocytoplasmic. Our study shows the activation and inhibition mechanisms of a plant helper NLR. In plant immunity, sensor NLR resistosomes can generate heterotrimer complexes comprising the helper NLR NRG1, and investigation of cryo-EM structures shows the mechanisms of these heterotrimers in immune activation and suppression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiao, Yinyan and Wu, Xiaoxian and Wang, Zaiqing and Ji, Kexin and Zhao, Yang and Zhang, Yu and Wan, Li}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08517-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {438-446}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Activation and inhibition mechanisms of a plant helper NLR}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Experience-dependent dopamine modulation of male aggression. NATURE, 639(8054), 430-437. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Numerous studies support the role of dopamine in modulating aggression1,2, but the exact neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) can bidirectionally modulate aggression in male mice in an experience-dependent manner. Although VTA dopaminergic cells strongly influence aggression in novice aggressors, they become ineffective in expert aggressors. Furthermore, eliminating dopamine synthesis in the VTA prevents the emergence of aggression in naive mice but leaves aggression intact in expert aggressors. VTA dopamine modulates aggression through the dorsal lateral septum (dLS), a region known for aggression control. Dopamine enables the flow of information from the hippocampus to the dLS by weakening local inhibition in novice aggressors. In expert aggressors, dLS local inhibition naturally weakens, and the ability of dopamine to modulate dLS cells diminishes. Overall, these results reveal a sophisticated role of dopamine in the rise of aggression in adult male mice. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area have a role in modulating aggression in adult male mice, and this effect of dopamine depends strongly on fighting experience.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dai, Bing and Zheng, Bingqin and Dai, Xiuzhi and Cui, Xiaoyang and Yin, Luping and Cai, Jing and Zhuo, Yizhou and Tritsch, Nicolas X. and Zweifel, Larry S. and Li, Yulong and Lin, Dayu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08459-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {430-437}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Experience-dependent dopamine modulation of male aggression}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Individual variability of neural computations underlying flexible decisions. NATURE, 639(8054), 421-429. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability to flexibly switch our responses to external stimuli according to contextual information is critical for successful interactions with a complex world. Context-dependent computations are necessary across many domains1–3, yet their neural implementations remain poorly understood. Here we developed a novel behavioural task in rats to study context-dependent selection and accumulation of evidence for decision-making4–6. Under assumptions supported by both monkey and rat data, we first show mathematically that this computation can be supported by three dynamical solutions and that all networks performing the task implement a combination of these solutions. These solutions can be identified and tested directly with experimental data. We further show that existing electrophysiological and modelling data are compatible with the full variety of possible combinations of these solutions, suggesting that different individuals could use different combinations. To study variability across individual subjects, we developed automated, high-throughput methods to train rats on our task and trained many subjects using these methods. Consistent with theoretical predictions, neural and behavioural analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity across rats, despite uniformly good task performance. Our theory further predicts a specific link between behavioural and neural signatures, which was robustly supported in the data. In summary, our results provide an experimentally supported theoretical framework to analyse individual variability in biological and artificial systems that perform flexible decision-making tasks, open the door to cellular-resolution studies of individual variability in higher cognition, and provide insights into neural mechanisms of context-dependent computation more generally. Behavioural experiments to study decision-making in response to context-dependent accumulation of evidence provide testable models that are consistent with the heterogeneity in neural signatures among rats that perform well in trials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pagan, Marino and Tang, Vincent D. and Aoi, Mikio C. and Pillow, Jonathan W. and Mante, Valerio and Sussillo, David and Brody, Carlos D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08433-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {421-429}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Individual variability of neural computations underlying flexible decisions}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Massively parallel characterization of transcriptional regulatory elements. NATURE, 639(8054), 411-420. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The human genome contains millions of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) with cell-type-specific activities that shape both health and many disease states1. However, we lack a functional understanding of the sequence features that control the activity and cell-type-specific features of these cCREs. Here we used lentivirus-based massively parallel reporter assays (lentiMPRAs) to test the regulatory activity of more than 680,000 sequences, representing an extensive set of annotated cCREs among three cell types (HepG2, K562 and WTC11), and found that 41.7% of these sequences were active. By testing sequences in both orientations, we find promoters to have strand-orientation biases and their 200-nucleotide cores to function as non-cell-type-specific ‘on switches’ that provide similar expression levels to their associated gene. By contrast, enhancers have weaker orientation biases, but increased tissue-specific characteristics. Utilizing our lentiMPRA data, we develop sequence-based models to predict cCRE function and variant effects with high accuracy, delineate regulatory motifs and model their combinatorial effects. Testing a lentiMPRA library encompassing 60,000 cCREs in all three cell types further identified factors that determine cell-type specificity. Collectively, our work provides an extensive catalogue of functional CREs in three widely used cell lines and showcases how large-scale functional measurements can be used to dissect regulatory grammar. Lentivirus-based reporter assays for 680,000 regulatory sequences from three cell lines coupled to machine-learning models lead to insights into the grammar of cis-regulatory elements.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Agarwal, Vikram and Inoue, Fumitaka and Schubach, Max and Penzar, Dmitry and Martin, Beth K. and Dash, Pyaree Mohan and Keukeleire, Pia and Zhang, Zicong and Sohota, Ajuni and Zhao, Jingjing and Georgakopoulos-Soares, Ilias and Noble, William S. and Yardımcı, Galip Gürkan and Kulakovskiy, Ivan V. and Kircher, Martin and Shendure, Jay and Ahituv, Nadav}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08430-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {411-420}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Massively parallel characterization of transcriptional regulatory elements}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetic architecture in greenland is shaped by demography, structure and selection. NATURE, 639(8054), 404-410. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Greenlandic Inuit and other indigenous populations are underrepresented in genetic research1,2, leading to inequity in healthcare opportunities. To address this, we performed analyses of sequenced or imputed genomes of 5,996 Greenlanders with extensive phenotypes. We quantified their historical population bottleneck and how it has shaped their genetic architecture to have fewer, but more common, variable sites. Consequently, we find twice as many high-impact genome-wide associations to metabolic traits in Greenland compared with Europe. We infer that the high-impact variants arose after the population split from Native Americans and thus are Arctic-specific, and show that some of them are common due to not only genetic drift but also selection. We also find that European-derived polygenic scores for metabolic traits are only half as accurate in Greenlanders as in Europeans, and that adding Arctic-specific variants improves the overall accuracy to the same level as in Europeans. Similarly, lack of representation in public genetic databases makes genetic clinical screening harder in Greenlandic Inuit, but inclusion of Greenlandic data remedies this by reducing the number of non-causal candidate variants by sixfold. Finally, we identify pronounced genetic fine structure that explains differences in prevalence of monogenic diseases in Greenland and, together with recent changes in mobility, leads to a predicted future reduction in risk for certain recessive diseases. These results illustrate how including data from Greenlanders can greatly reduce inequity in genomic-based healthcare. We illustrate that including data from Greenlandic Inuit can greatly reduce inequity in genomic-based healthcare in Greenland and other indigenous Arctic populations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stæger, Frederik Filip and Andersen, Mette K. and Li, Zilong and Hjerresen, Jasmin Pernille and He, Shixu and Santander, Cindy G. and Jensen, Rasmus Tanderup and Rex, Karsten Fleischer and Thuesen, Anne Cathrine Baun and Hanghøj, Kristian and Seiding, Inge Høst and Jørsboe, Emil and Stinson, Sara Elizabeth and Rasmussen, Malthe Sebro and Balboa, Renzo F. and Larsen, Christina Viskum Lytken and Bjerregaard, Peter and Schubert, Mikkel and Meisner, Jonas and Linneberg, Allan and Grarup, Niels and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Nielsen, Rasmus and Jørgensen, Marit E. and Hansen, Torben and Moltke, Ida and Albrechtsen, Anders}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08516-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {404-410}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetic architecture in greenland is shaped by demography, structure and selection}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scale dichotomization reduces customer racial discrimination and income inequality. NATURE, 639(8054), 395-403. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Online platforms are rife with racial discrimination1, but current interventions focus on employers2,3 rather than customers. We propose a customer-facing solution: changing to a two-point rating scale (dichotomization). Compared with the ubiquitous five-star scale, we argue that dichotomization reduces modern racial discrimination by focusing evaluators on the distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ performance, thereby reducing how personal beliefs shape customer assessments. Study 1 is a quasi-natural experiment on a home-services labour platform (n = 69,971) in which the company exogenously changed from a five-star scale to a dichotomous scale (thumbs up or thumbs down). Dichotomization eliminated customers’ racial discrimination whereby non-white workers received lower ratings and earned 91 cents for each US dollar paid to white workers for the same work. A pre-registered experiment (study 2, n = 652) found that the equalizing effect of dichotomization is most prevalent among evaluators holding modern racist beliefs. Further experiments (study 3, n = 1,435; study 4, n = 528) provide evidence of the proposed mechanism, and eight supplementary studies support measurement and design choices. Our research offers a promising intervention for reducing customers’ subtle racial discrimination in a large section of the economy and contributes to the interdisciplinary literature on evaluation processes and racial inequality. Changing from a five-point scale to a two-point scale for rating workers reduces racial discrimination by making customers focus on whether the work was good or bad instead of their own personal biases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Botelho, Tristan L. and Jun, Sora and Humes, Demetrius and DeCelles, Katherine A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08599-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {395-403}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scale dichotomization reduces customer racial discrimination and income inequality}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global biodiversity loss from outsourced deforestation. NATURE, 639(8054), 389-394. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Globalization increasingly allows countries to externalize the environmental costs of land use, including biodiversity loss1. So far, we have a very incomplete understanding of how countries cause biodiversity loss outside their own borders through their demand for agricultural and forestry products grown in other countries2. Here we quantify the global range losses to forest vertebrates from 2001 to 2015 caused by deforestation attributable to 24 developed countries by means of their consumption of products obtained through global supply chains. We show that these driver countries are responsible for much greater cumulative range loss to species outside their own borders than within them. These international impacts were concentrated geographically, allowing us to map global hotspots of outsourced losses of biodiversity. Countries had the greatest external impacts on species occurring in nearby regions. However, in a few cases, developed countries also inflicted disproportionate harm on vertebrates in distant countries. An analysis of global deforestation linked to consumption of products in the supply chains of large economies finds greater losses for vertebrate species’ ranges outside these countries than in them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wiebe, R. Alex and Wilcove, David S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08569-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {389-394}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global biodiversity loss from outsourced deforestation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Community estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023. NATURE, 639(8054), 382-388. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glaciers are indicators of ongoing anthropogenic climate change1. Their melting leads to increased local geohazards2, and impacts marine3 and terrestrial4,5 ecosystems, regional freshwater resources6, and both global water and energy cycles7,8. Together with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, glaciers are essential drivers of present9,10 and future11–13 sea-level rise. Previous assessments of global glacier mass changes have been hampered by spatial and temporal limitations and the heterogeneity of existing data series14–16. Here we show in an intercomparison exercise that glaciers worldwide lost 273 ± 16 gigatonnes in mass annually from 2000 to 2023, with an increase of 36 ± 10% from the first (2000–2011) to the second (2012–2023) half of the period. Since 2000, glaciers have lost between 2% and 39% of their ice regionally and about 5% globally. Glacier mass loss is about 18% larger than the loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and more than twice that from the Antarctic Ice Sheet17. Our results arise from a scientific community effort to collect, homogenize, combine and analyse glacier mass changes from in situ and remote-sensing observations. Although our estimates are in agreement with findings from previous assessments14–16 at a global scale, we found some large regional deviations owing to systematic differences among observation methods. Our results provide a refined baseline for better understanding observational differences and for calibrating model ensembles12,16,18, which will help to narrow projection uncertainty for the twenty-first century11,12,18. An intercomparison exercise reassesses mass loss from glaciers worldwide based on the main in situ and satellite methods from 2000 to 2023; the results are consistent with previous assessments and provide a refined and comprehensive observational baseline for future impact and modelling studies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08545-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {382-388}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Community estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineered enzymes for enantioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. NATURE, 639(8054), 375-381. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions (SNAr) are among the most widely used processes in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries1–4, allowing convergent assembly of complex molecules through C–C and C–X (X = O, N, S) bond formation. SNAr reactions are typically carried out using forcing conditions, involving polar aprotic solvents, stoichiometric bases and elevated temperatures, which do not allow for control over reaction selectivity. Despite the importance of SNAr chemistry, there are only a handful of selective catalytic methods reported that rely on small organic hydrogen-bonding or phase-transfer catalysts5–11. Here we establish a biocatalytic approach to stereoselective SNAr chemistry by uncovering promiscuous SNAr activity in a designed enzyme featuring an activated arginine12. This activity was optimized over successive rounds of directed evolution to afford an engineered biocatalyst, SNAr1.3, that is 160-fold more efficient than the parent and promotes the coupling of electron-deficient arenes with carbon nucleophiles with near-perfect stereocontrol (>99% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)). SNAr1.3 can operate at a rate of 0.15 s−1, perform more than 4,000 turnovers and can accept a broad range of electrophilic and nucleophilic coupling partners, including those that allow construction of challenging 1,1-diaryl quaternary stereocentres. Biochemical, structural and computational studies provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of SNAr1.3, including the emergence of a halide binding pocket shaped by key catalytic residues Arg124 and Asp125. This study brings a landmark synthetic reaction into the realm of biocatalysis to provide an efficient and versatile platform for catalytic SNAr chemistry. A biocatalytic approach to enantioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) was achieved through laboratory evolution of highly efficient and selective SNArase biocatalysts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lister, Thomas M. and Roberts, George W. and Hossack, Euan J. and Zhao, Fei and Burke, Ashleigh J. and Johannissen, Linus O. and Hardy, Florence J. and Millman, Alexander A. V. and Leys, David and Larrosa, Igor and Green, Anthony P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08611-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {375-381}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineered enzymes for enantioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitutions}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Methane oxidation to ethanol by a molecular junction photocatalyst. NATURE, 639(8054), 368-374. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Methane, the main component of natural and shale gas, is a significant carbon source for chemical synthesis. The direct partial oxidation of methane to liquid oxygenates under mild conditions1–3 is an attractive pathway, but the inertness of the molecule makes it challenging to achieve simultaneously high conversion and high selectivity towards a single target product. This difficulty is amplified when aiming for more valuable products that require C–C coupling4,5. Whereas selective partial methane oxidation processes1–3,6–9 have thus typically generated C1 oxygenates6,7, recent reports have documented photocatalytic methane conversion to the C2 oxygenate ethanol with low conversions but good-to-high selectivities4,5,8–12. Here we show that the intramolecular junction photocatalyst covalent triazine-based framework-1 with alternating benzene and triazine motifs13,14 drives methane coupling and oxidation to ethanol with a high selectivity and significantly improved conversion. The heterojunction architecture not only enables efficient and long-lived separation of charges after their generation, but also preferential adsorption of H2O and O2 to the triazine and benzene units, respectively. This dual-site feature separates C–C coupling to form ethane intermediates from the sites where •OH radicals are formed, thereby avoiding over-oxidation. When loaded with Pt to further boost performance, the molecular heterojunction photocatalyst generates ethanol in a packed-bed flow reactor with greatly improved conversion that results in an apparent quantum efficiency of 9.4%. We anticipate that further developing the ‘intramolecular junction’ approach will deliver efficient and selective catalysts for C–C coupling, pertaining, but not limited, to methane conversion to C2+ chemicals. Mechanistic insights into a photocatalyst with an intramolecular junction and two different active sites could inspire further exploration of ‘intramolecular heterojunctions’ as the basis of selective and stable photocatalysts for C–H activation and C–C coupling.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Jijia and Fu, Cong and Quesne, Matthew G. and Guo, Jian and Wang, Chao and Xiong, Lunqiao and Windle, Christopher D. and Gadipelli, Srinivas and Guo, Zheng Xiao and Huang, Weixin and Catlow, C. Richard A. and Tang, Junwang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08630-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {368-374}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Methane oxidation to ethanol by a molecular junction photocatalyst}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). 10,000-h-stable intermittent alkaline seawater electrolysis. NATURE, 639(8054), 360-367. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Seawater electrolysis powered by renewable electricity provides an attractive strategy for producing green hydrogen1–5. However, direct seawater electrolysis faces many challenges, primarily arising from corrosion and competing reactions at the anode caused by the abundance of halide ions (Cl−, Br−) in seawater6. Previous studies3,6–14 on seawater electrolysis have mainly focused on the anode development, because the cathode operates at reducing potentials, which is not subject to electrode dissolution or chloride corrosion reactions during seawater electrolysis11,15. However, renewable energy sources are intermittent, variable and random, which cause frequent start–shutdown operations if renewable electricity is used to drive seawater electrolysis. Here we first unveil dynamic evolution and degradation of seawater splitting cathode in intermittent electrolysis and, accordingly, propose construction of a catalyst’s passivation layer to maintain the hydrogen evolution performance during operation. An in situ-formed phosphate passivation layer on the surface of NiCoP–Cr2O3 cathode can effectively protect metal active sites against oxidation during frequent discharge processes and repel halide ion adsorption on the cathode during shutdown conditions. We demonstrate that electrodes optimized using this design strategy can withstand fluctuating operation at 0.5 A cm−2 for 10,000 h in alkaline seawater, with a voltage increase rate of only 0.5% khr−1. The newly discovered challenge and our proposed strategy herein offer new insights to facilitate the development of practical seawater splitting technologies powered by renewable electricity. Construction of a phosphate passivation layer on the surface of a cathode to withstand fluctuating operation in alkaline seawater is proposed following understanding the mechanism behind the dynamic evolution and degradation of cathode in intermittent electrolysis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sha, Qihao and Wang, Shiyuan and Yan, Li and Feng, Yisui and Zhang, Zhuang and Li, Shihang and Guo, Xinlong and Li, Tianshui and Li, Hui and Zhuang, Zhongbin and Zhou, Daojin and Liu, Bin and Sun, Xiaoming}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08610-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {360-367}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {10,000-h-stable intermittent alkaline seawater electrolysis}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Realization of 2D metals at the ångström thickness limit. NATURE, 639(8054), 354-359. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two-dimensional (2D) metals are appealing for many emergent phenomena and have recently attracted research interests1–9. Unlike the widely studied 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, 2D metals are extremely challenging to achieve, because they are thermodynamically unstable1,10. Here we develop a vdW squeezing method to realize diverse 2D metals (including Bi, Ga, In, Sn and Pb) at the ångström thickness limit. The achieved 2D metals are stabilized from a complete encapsulation between two MoS2 monolayers and present non-bonded interfaces, enabling access to their intrinsic properties. Transport and Raman measurements on monolayer Bi show excellent physical properties, for example, new phonon mode, enhanced electrical conductivity, notable field effect and large nonlinear Hall conductivity. Our work establishes an effective route for implementing 2D metals, alloys and other 2D non-vdW materials, potentially outlining a bright vision for a broad portfolio of emerging quantum, electronic and photonic devices. Melting and squeezing pure metals between two sapphires covered in molybdenum disulfide produces diverse two-dimensional metals at the ångström thickness limit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Jiaojiao and Li, Lu and Li, Peixuan and Dai, Liyan and Dong, Jingwei and Zhou, Lanying and Wang, Yizhe and Zhang, Peihang and Ji, Kunshan and Zhang, Yangkun and Yu, Hua and Wei, Zheng and Li, Jiawei and Li, Xiuzhen and Huang, Zhiheng and Wang, Boxin and Liu, Jieying and Chen, Yutong and Zhang, Xingchao and Wang, Shuopei and Li, Na and Yang, Wei and Shi, Dongxia and Pan, Jinbo and Du, Shixuan and Du, Luojun and Zhang, Guangyu}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08711-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {354-359}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Realization of 2D metals at the ångström thickness limit}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Magnetically and optically active edges in phosphorene nanoribbons. NATURE, 639(8054), 348-353. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nanoribbons, nanometre-wide strips of a two-dimensional material, are a unique system in condensed matter. They combine the exotic electronic structures of low-dimensional materials with an enhanced number of exposed edges, where phenomena including ultralong spin coherence times1,2, quantum confinement3 and topologically protected states4,5 can emerge. An exciting prospect for this material concept is the potential for both a tunable semiconducting electronic structure and magnetism along the nanoribbon edge, a key property for spin-based electronics such as (low-energy) non-volatile transistors6. Here we report the magnetic and semiconducting properties of phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs). We demonstrate that at room temperature, films of PNRs show macroscopic magnetic properties arising from their edge, with internal fields of roughly 240 to 850 mT. In solution, a giant magnetic anisotropy enables the alignment of PNRs at sub-1-T fields. By leveraging this alignment effect, we discover that on photoexcitation, energy is rapidly funnelled to a state that is localized to the magnetic edge and coupled to a symmetry-forbidden edge phonon mode. Our results establish PNRs as a fascinating system for studying the interplay between magnetism and semiconducting ground states at room temperature and provide a stepping-stone towards using low-dimensional nanomaterials in quantum electronics. Phosphorene nanoribbons demonstrate extraordinary magnetic properties, ranging from large internal fields in films to macroscopic alignment in solution, which can be coupled to photoexcitations that localize to the magnetic edge of these ribbons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ashoka, Arjun and Clancy, Adam J. and Panjwani, Naitik A. and Cronin, Adam and Picco, Loren and Aw, Eva S. Y. and Popiel, Nicholas J. M. and Eaton, Alexander G. and Parton, Thomas G. and Shutt, Rebecca R. C. and Feldmann, Sascha and Carey, Remington and Macdonald, Thomas J. and Liu, Cheng and Severijnen, Marion E. and Kleuskens, Sandra and Muscarella, Loreta A. and Fischer, Felix R. and Barbosa de Aguiar, Hilton and Friend, Richard H. and Behrends, Jan and Christianen, Peter C. M. and Howard, Christopher A. and Pandya, Raj}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08563-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {348-353}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Magnetically and optically active edges in phosphorene nanoribbons}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superconductivity and quantized anomalous hall effect in rhombohedral graphene. NATURE, 639(8054), 342-347. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Inducing superconducting correlations in chiral edge states is predicted to generate topologically protected zero energy modes with exotic quantum statistics1–6. Experimental efforts so far have focused on engineering interfaces between superconducting materials—typically amorphous metals—and semiconducting quantum Hall7–11 or quantum anomalous Hall12,13 systems. However, the strong interfacial disorder inherent in this approach can prevent the formation of isolated topological modes14–17. An appealing alternative is to use low-density flat band materials in which the ground state can be tuned between intrinsic superconducting and quantum anomalous Hall states using only the electric field effect. However, quantized transport and superconductivity have not been simultaneously achieved. Here we show that rhombohedral tetralayer graphene aligned to a hexagonal boron nitride substrate hosts a quantized anomalous Hall state at superlattice filling ν = −1 as well as a superconducting state at ν ≈ −3.5 at zero magnetic field. Gate voltage can also be used to actuate non-volatile switching of the chirality in the quantum anomalous Hall state18, allowing, in principle, arbitrarily reconfigurable networks of topological edge modes in locally gated devices. Thermodynamic compressibility measurements further show a topologically ordered fractional Chern insulator at ν = 2/3 (ref. 19)—also stable at zero magnetic field—enabling proximity coupling between superconductivity and fractionally charged edge modes. Finally, we show that, as in rhombohedral bi- and trilayers20–22, integrating a transition metal dichalcogenide layer to the heterostructure nucleates a new superconducting pocket20–24, while leaving the topology of the ν = −1 quantum anomalous Hall state intact. Our results pave the way for a new generation of hybrid interfaces between superconductors and topological edge states in the low disorder limit. Rhombohedral tetralayer graphene aligned to a hexagonal boron nitride substrate hosts gate-tunable superconductivity and quantized anomalous Hall states, and thermodynamic compressibility measurements further show a fractional Chern insulator at zero magnetic field, paving the way for new hybrid interfaces between superconductors and topological edge states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Choi, Youngjoon and Choi, Ysun and Valentini, Marco and Patterson, Caitlin L. and Holleis, Ludwig F. W. and Sheekey, Owen I. and Stoyanov, Hari and Cheng, Xiang and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Young, Andrea F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08621-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {342-347}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superconductivity and quantized anomalous hall effect in rhombohedral graphene}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emerging supersolidity in photonic-crystal polariton condensates. NATURE, 639(8054), 337-341. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A supersolid is a counter-intuitive phase of matter in which its constituent particles are arranged into a crystalline structure, yet they are free to flow without friction. This requires the particles to share a global macroscopic phase while being able to reduce their total energy by spontaneous, spatial self-organization. The existence of the supersolid phase of matter was speculated more than 50 years ago1–4. However, only recently has there been convincing experimental evidence, mainly using ultracold atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) coupled to electromagnetic fields. There, various guises of the supersolid were created using atoms coupled to high-finesse cavities5,6, with large magnetic dipole moments7–13, and spin–orbit-coupled, two-component systems showing stripe phases14–16. Here we provide experimental evidence of a new implementation of the supersolid phase in a driven-dissipative, non-equilibrium context based on exciton–polaritons condensed in a topologically non-trivial, bound state in the continuum (BiC) with exceptionally low losses, realized in a photonic-crystal waveguide. We measure the density modulation of the polaritonic state indicating the breaking of translational symmetry with a precision of several parts in a thousand. Direct access to the phase of the wavefunction allows us to also measure the local coherence of the supersolid. We demonstrate the potential of our synthetic photonic material to host phonon dynamics and a multimode excitation spectrum. Experimental evidence is presented for a new implementation of supersolidity in a driven-dissipative, non-equilibrium context realized in a photonic-crystal waveguide, demonstrating the breaking of translational symmetry with exceptionally low losses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Trypogeorgos, Dimitrios and Gianfrate, Antonio and Landini, Manuele and Nigro, Davide and Gerace, Dario and Carusotto, Iacopo and Riminucci, Fabrizio and Baldwin, Kirk W. and Pfeiffer, Loren N. and Martone, Giovanni I. and De Giorgi, Milena and Ballarini, Dario and Sanvitto, Daniele}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08616-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {337-341}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emerging supersolidity in photonic-crystal polariton condensates}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Continuous-variable multipartite entanglement in an integrated microcomb. NATURE, 639(8054), 329-336. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The generation of large-scale entangled states is crucial for quantum technologies, such as quantum computation1, communication2 and metrology3. Integrated quantum photonics that enables on-chip encoding, processing and detection of quantum light states offers a promising platform for the generation and manipulation of large-scale entangled states4,5. Generating entanglement between qubits encoded in discrete variables within single photons is challenging, owing to the difficulty of making single photons interact on photonic chips6–11. Devices that operate with continuous variables are more promising, as they enable the deterministic generation and entanglement of qumodes, in which information is encoded in light quadratures. Demonstrations so far have been limited to entanglement between two qumodes12–20. Here we report the deterministic generation of a continuous-variable eight-mode entanglement on an integrated optical chip. The chip delivers a quantum microcomb that produces multimode squeezed-vacuum optical frequency combs below the threshold. We verify the inseparability of our eight-mode state and demonstrate supermode multipartite entanglement over hundreds of megahertz sideband frequencies through violation of the van Loock–Furusawa criteria. By measuring the full matrices of nullifier correlations with sufficiently low off-diagonal noises, we characterize multipartite entanglement structures, which are approximate to the expected cluster-type structures for finite squeezing. This work shows the potential of continuous-variable integrated photonic quantum devices for facilitating quantum computing, networking and sensing. Deterministic generation of a continuous-variable eight-mode entanglement on an integrated optical chip is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jia, Xinyu and Zhai, Chonghao and Zhu, Xuezhi and You, Chang and Cao, Yunyun and Zhang, Xuguang and Zheng, Yun and Fu, Zhaorong and Mao, Jun and Dai, Tianxiang and Chang, Lin and Su, Xiaolong and Gong, Qihuang and Wang, Jianwei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08602-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {329-336}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Continuous-variable multipartite entanglement in an integrated microcomb}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes. NATURE, 639(8054), 321-328. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The goal of future quantum networks is to enable new internet applications that are impossible to achieve using only classical communication1–3. Up to now, demonstrations of quantum network applications4–6 and functionalities7–12 on quantum processors have been performed in ad hoc software that was specific to the experimental setup, programmed to perform one single task (the application experiment) directly into low-level control devices using expertise in experimental physics. Here we report on the design and implementation of an architecture capable of executing quantum network applications on quantum processors in platform-independent high-level software. We demonstrate the capability of the architecture to execute applications in high-level software by implementing it as a quantum network operating system—QNodeOS—and executing test programs, including a delegated computation from a client to a server13 on two quantum network nodes based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond14,15. We show how our architecture allows us to maximize the use of quantum network hardware by multitasking different applications. Our architecture can be used to execute programs on any quantum processor platform corresponding to our system model, which we illustrate by demonstrating an extra driver for QNodeOS for a trapped-ion quantum network node based on a single 40Ca+ atom16. Our architecture lays the groundwork for computer science research in quantum network programming and paves the way for the development of software that can bring quantum network technology to society. A new quantum operating system architecture is described that is capable of executing applications on quantum networks in high-level software, which is a step towards bringing quantum network technology to society.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Delle Donne, C. and Iuliano, M. and van der Vecht, B. and Ferreira, G. M. and Jirovská, H. and van der Steenhoven, T. J. W. and Dahlberg, A. and Skrzypczyk, M. and Fioretto, D. and Teller, M. and Filippov, P. and Montblanch, A. R.-P. and Fischer, J. and van Ommen, H. B. and Demetriou, N. and Leichtle, D. and Music, L. and Ollivier, H. and te Raa, I. and Kozlowski, W. and Taminiau, T. H. and Pawełczak, P. and Northup, T. E. and Hanson, R. and Wehner, S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08704-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {321-328}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. NATURE, 639(8054), 315-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, transplantation techniques and considerations for modelling human development, evolution and disease. As with all scientific endeavours, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions as well as transparent methodologies and data sharing to provide useful knowledge for current research practices and for developing regulatory standards. An international group of neuroscience researchers presents a framework for experimental designs for research using neural organoids and assembloids to study human development, evolution and disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pașca, Sergiu P. and Arlotta, Paola and Bateup, Helen S. and Camp, J. Gray and Cappello, Silvia and Gage, Fred H. and Knoblich, Jürgen A. and Kriegstein, Arnold R. and Lancaster, Madeline A. and Ming, Guo-Li and Novarino, Gaia and Okano, Hideyuki and Parmar, Malin and Park, In-Hyun and Reiner, Orly and Song, Hongjun and Studer, Lorenz and Takahashi, Jun and Temple, Sally and Testa, Giuseppe and Treutlein, Barbara and Vaccarino, Flora M. and Vanderhaeghen, Pierre and Young-Pearse, Tracy}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {315-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Peptides from abnormal RNA processing in cancer offer an immunotherapy target. NATURE, 639(8054), 313-314. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tumour cells often have problems processing messenger RNA. The finding that these splicing errors result in commonly expressed peptides that are recognized by immune cells offers a target for cancer treatments. Splicing errors generate peptides recognized by immune cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Charest, Al}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00302-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {313-314}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Peptides from abnormal RNA processing in cancer offer an immunotherapy target}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An operating system for networked quantum computers is a huge practical step forward. NATURE, 639(8054), 312-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum computers have gained the powerful abstractions that allow programmers of classical computers to design and integrate new apps and hardware, and connect devices into networks with ease. An operating system for quantum computers allows for easy app networking.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cicconetti, Claudio}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00547-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {312-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An operating system for networked quantum computers is a huge practical step forward}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Racial bias eliminated when ratings switch from five stars to thumbs up or down. NATURE, 639(8054), 310-311. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Implementing a performance-rating system with a two-point scale instead of a five-point scale could be an easy way to temper racial prejudices and tangibly improve income equality for workers from under-represented groups. Switch in performance-rating system could reduce racial pay gap.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rivera, Lauren}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00304-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {310-311}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Racial bias eliminated when ratings switch from five stars to thumbs up or down}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metals squeezed to thickness of just two atoms. NATURE, 639(8054), 309-310. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultrathin metals have been prepared using a benchtop hydraulic press — allowing the fascinating properties of the resulting 2D materials to be observed. Ultrathin metals have been prepared using a benchtop hydraulic press — allowing the fascinating properties of the resulting 2D materials to be observed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sanchez-Yamagishi, Javier}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00548-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {309-310}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metals squeezed to thickness of just two atoms}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetic data from indigenous greenlanders could help to narrow health-care gap. NATURE, 639(8054), 307-309. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A study involving 14% of the people in Greenland makes a case for including under-represented groups in population genomics data — which could reduce inequalities in genetics-based clinical care and personalized medicine. Population genetics for the Greenlandic Inuit.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arbour, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00091-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {307-309}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetic data from indigenous greenlanders could help to narrow health-care gap}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fate of pistachio production in iran holds lessons for the world. NATURE, 639(8054), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Farajpour, Mostafa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00713-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fate of pistachio production in iran holds lessons for the world}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). COP30 must deliver binding mechanisms to address climate change, not empty promises. NATURE, 639(8054), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fernandes, Stephannie and Ranjan, Pranay}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00714-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {COP30 must deliver binding mechanisms to address climate change, not empty promises}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). For more reliable AI, academics should edit wikipedia. NATURE, 639(8054), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Finney, Declan and Baleta, Tatjana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00715-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {For more reliable AI, academics should edit wikipedia}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Similar chiral phenomena occur in cell cultures and human crowds. NATURE, 639(8054), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hardikar, Anandwardhan A. and Bhonde, Ramesh R. and Umrani, Malati R. and Joglekar, Mugdha V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00716-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Similar chiral phenomena occur in cell cultures and human crowds}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a vast digital twin of the yangtze river could prevent flooding in china. NATURE, 639(8054), 303-305. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A project that intertwines data on weather, water flow and energy demand to create a 3D model of the whole river basin would enable researchers and others to make water-management decisions in real time. A project that intertwines data on weather, water flow and energy demand to create a 3D model of the whole river basin would enable researchers and others to make water-management decisions in real time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Xiaopeng and Wu, Biqiong and Zhou, Guoliang and Wang, Tao and Meng, Fanwei and Zhou, Li and Cao, Hui and Tang, Zhengyang}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00720-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {303-305}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a vast digital twin of the yangtze river could prevent flooding in china}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are microplastics bad for your health? more rigorous science is needed. NATURE, 639(8054), 300-302. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tiny plastic particles are being found everywhere, including in the human brain. But it is not yet clear which findings can be trusted and what they might mean. Tiny plastic particles are being found everywhere, including in the human brain. But it is not yet clear which findings can be trusted and what they might mean.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Jun-Li and Wright, Stephanie and Rauert, Cassandra and Thomas, Kevin V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00702-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {300-302}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are microplastics bad for your health? more rigorous science is needed}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rock hunters, tree huggers and taxi drivers: Books in brief. NATURE, 639(8054), 299. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00718-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {299}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rock hunters, tree huggers and taxi drivers: Books in brief}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The ‘quantum’ principle that says why atoms are as they are. NATURE, 639(8054), 296-299. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From strange beginnings, the 100-year-old Pauli exclusion principle has become a gift that keeps on giving for scientists who aim to understand the workings of matter. From strange beginnings, the 100-year-old Pauli exclusion principle has become a gift that keeps on giving for scientists who aim to understand the workings of matter.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Freire Jr, Olival and Hartz, Thiago}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00731-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {296-299}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The ‘quantum’ principle that says why atoms are as they are}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Four ways COVID changed virology: Lessons from the most sequenced virus of all time. NATURE, 639(8054), 293-295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After 150,000 articles and 17 million genome sequences, what has science taught us about SARS-CoV-2? After 150,000 articles and 17 million genome sequences, what has science taught us about SARS-CoV-2?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00730-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {293-295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Four ways COVID changed virology: Lessons from the most sequenced virus of all time}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Alcohol and cancer risk: What you need to know. NATURE, 639(8054), 290-292. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experts weigh in on the risks of moderate drinking — and how people should assess them. Experts weigh in on the risks of moderate drinking — and how people should assess them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00729-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {290-292}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Alcohol and cancer risk: What you need to know}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Omg, did PubMed go dark?’ blackout stokes fears about database’s future. NATURE, 639(8054), 288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A brief outage has focused attention on scientists’ reliance on the US-government-funded website. A brief outage has focused attention on scientists’ reliance on the US-government-funded website.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00674-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Omg, did PubMed go dark?’ blackout stokes fears about database’s future}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Private spacecraft nails moon landing: First images of blue ghost on the lunar surface. NATURE, 639(8054), 287-288. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The touchdown is a much-needed win for NASA’s partnerships with commercial space companies. The touchdown is a much-needed win for NASA’s partnerships with commercial space companies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00670-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {287-288}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Private spacecraft nails moon landing: First images of blue ghost on the lunar surface}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why women’s brains are more resilient: It could be their ‘silent’ x chromosome. NATURE, 639(8054), 286-287. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Study in mice and human cadavers hints that a brain-protective gene in the chromosome becomes more active with age. Study in mice and human cadavers hints that a brain-protective gene in the chromosome becomes more active with age.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourzac, Katherine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00682-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {286-287}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why women’s brains are more resilient: It could be their ‘silent’ x chromosome}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s supreme court calls for crack down on paper mills. NATURE, 639(8054), 285-286. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {China’s top court says businesses that write bogus manuscripts for payment should be punished. China’s top court says businesses that write bogus manuscripts for payment should be punished.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00612-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {285-286}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s supreme court calls for crack down on paper mills}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meet the ‘woolly mouse’: Why scientists doubt it’s a big step towards recreating mammoths. NATURE, 639(8054), 284-285. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {De-extinction company Colossal mixed mammoth and mouse mutations in a single strain to create a shaggy-haired rodent. De-extinction company Colossal mixed mammoth and mouse mutations in a single strain to create a shaggy-haired rodent.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00684-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {284-285}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meet the ‘woolly mouse’: Why scientists doubt it’s a big step towards recreating mammoths}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump’s nominee for NIH chief talks frozen grants and fostering ‘scientific dissent’. NATURE, 639(8054), 282-283. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Health economist Jay Bhattacharya, who drew censure for controversial views on COVID-19, vows to provide funding but is short on details. Health economist Jay Bhattacharya, who drew censure for controversial views on COVID-19, vows to provide funding but is short on details.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00694-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {282-283}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump’s nominee for NIH chief talks frozen grants and fostering ‘scientific dissent’}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: NIH to terminate hundreds of active research grants. NATURE, 639(8054), 281-282. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studies that touch on LGBT+ health, gender identity and DEI in the biomedical workforce could be terminated, according to documents obtained by Nature. Studies that touch on LGBT+ health, gender identity and DEI in the biomedical workforce could be terminated, according to documents obtained by Nature.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max and Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00703-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {281-282}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: NIH to terminate hundreds of active research grants}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A super-gel stays supple from −115 ºC to 143 ºC. NATURE, 639(8054), 279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A network of two polymers plus sulfuric acid allows a hydrogel to keep its elasticity and softness at extreme temperatures. A network of two polymers plus sulfuric acid allows a hydrogel to keep its elasticity and softness at extreme temperatures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00604-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A super-gel stays supple from −115 ºC to 143 ºC}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The surprising culprit for the loss of huge swathes of tropical forest. NATURE, 639(8054), 279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analysis of satellite imagery of the Brazilian Amazon, the Congo Basin and New Guinea helps to show that ‘secondary’ roads take an outsized toll. Analysis of satellite imagery of the Brazilian Amazon, the Congo Basin and New Guinea helps to show that ‘secondary’ roads take an outsized toll.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00605-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The surprising culprit for the loss of huge swathes of tropical forest}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who’s likely to wake up from a coma? brainwaves provide a clue. NATURE, 639(8054), 279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The presence of a pattern called a sleep spindle helps to predict which people will recover from an unresponsive state. The presence of a pattern called a sleep spindle helps to predict which people will recover from an unresponsive state.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00606-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who’s likely to wake up from a coma? brainwaves provide a clue}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient puppets that smile or scowl hint at shared rituals. NATURE, 639(8054), 279. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clay figurines found on top of the remnants of a pyramid in what is now El Salvador might have been used in public ceremonies. Clay figurines found on top of the remnants of a pyramid in what is now El Salvador might have been used in public ceremonies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00607-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {279}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient puppets that smile or scowl hint at shared rituals}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Public-health experts should be more political, not less. NATURE, 639(8054), 278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Health has always been political, long before Donald Trump and Robert F. Kennedy Jr took power. Denying this is what’s been killing us. Health has always been political, long before Donald Trump and Robert F. Kennedy Jr took power. Denying this is what’s been killing us.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reinhart, Eric}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00728-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Public-health experts should be more political, not less}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Silence is complicity’ — Universities must fight the anti-DEI crackdown. NATURE, 639(8054), 277. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Higher-education establishments must not be bullied into abandoning their mission of diversity, equity and inclusion. Higher-education establishments must not be bullied into abandoning their mission of diversity, equity and inclusion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Calisi Rodríguez, Rebecca}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00667-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {277}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Silence is complicity’ — Universities must fight the anti-DEI crackdown}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why are proponents of ‘smart cities’ neglecting research?. NATURE, 639(8054), 276. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the buzz surrounding smart cities in urban-policy circles, studies are lacking on the evidence for what works, what doesn’t — and who benefits. Despite the buzz surrounding smart cities in urban-policy circles, studies are lacking on the evidence for what works, what doesn’t — and who benefits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00727-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {276}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why are proponents of ‘smart cities’ neglecting research?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science diplomacy can help to heal global rifts — If research is respected. NATURE, 639(8054), 275-276. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The universal language of science allows nations to reach a mutual understanding of shared problems. But that requires politicians not to meddle in how science is done. The universal language of science allows nations to reach a mutual understanding of shared problems. But that requires politicians not to meddle in how science is done.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00726-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8054}, pages = {275-276}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science diplomacy can help to heal global rifts — If research is respected}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How blowing the whistle on the theranos scandal transformed erika cheung’s career. NATURE, 639(8054), 533-535. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cheung, a laboratory assistant straight from university, raised the alarm over dodgy science and a duplicitous boss. Cheung, a laboratory assistant straight from university, raised the alarm over dodgy science and a duplicitous boss.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Plackett, Benjamin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00366-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8054}, pages = {533-535}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How blowing the whistle on the theranos scandal transformed erika cheung’s career}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host–microbiota interactions. NATURE, 639(8053), E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gribonika, Inta and Band, Victor I. and Chi, Liang and Perez-Chaparro, Paula Juliana and Link, Verena M. and Ansaldo, Eduard and Oguz, Cihan and Bousbaine, Djenet and Fischbach, Michael A. and Belkaid, Yasmine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08776-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host–microbiota interactions}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment. NATURE, 639(8053), E5. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ikeda, Hideki and Kawase, Katsushige and Nishi, Tatsuya and Watanabe, Tomofumi and Takenaga, Keizo and Inozume, Takashi and Ishino, Takamasa and Aki, Sho and Lin, Jason and Kawashima, Shusuke and Nagasaki, Joji and Ueda, Youki and Suzuki, Shinichiro and Makinoshima, Hideki and Itami, Makiko and Nakamura, Yuki and Tatsumi, Yasutoshi and Suenaga, Yusuke and Morinaga, Takao and Honobe-Tabuchi, Akiko and Ohnuma, Takehiro and Kawamura, Tatsuyoshi and Umeda, Yoshiyasu and Nakamura, Yasuhiro and Kiniwa, Yukiko and Ichihara, Eiki and Hayashi, Hidetoshi and Ikeda, Jun-ichiro and Hanazawa, Toyoyuki and Toyooka, Shinichi and Mano, Hiroyuki and Suzuki, Takuji and Osawa, Tsuyoshi and Kawazu, Masahito and Togashi, Yosuke}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08764-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E5}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones in a warming climate. NATURE, 639(8053), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shan, Kaiyue and Lin, Yanluan and Chu, Pao-Shin and Yu, Xiping and Song, Fengfei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08691-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones in a warming climate}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Fetal hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome via fetuin-A. NATURE, 639(8053), E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Xiao-Lin and Wang, Yi-Ding and Liu, Yan-Jun and Chu, Lei and Zhu, Hua and Hu, Ye and Wu, Ren-Yan and Xie, Hong-Yu and Yu, Juan and Li, Shui-Ping and Xiong, Chao-Yang and Li, Ruo-Yan and Ke, Fang and Chen, Lei and Chen, Guo-Qiang and Chen, Liang and Bai, Fan and Enver, Tariq and Li, Guo-Hong and Li, Huai-Fang and Hong, Deng-Li}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08714-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Fetal hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome via fetuin-A}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: FANCD2–FANCI surveys DNA and recognizes double- to single-stranded junctions. NATURE, 639(8053), E2. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alcón, Pablo and Kaczmarczyk, Artur P. and Ray, Korak Kumar and Liolios, Themistoklis and Guilbaud, Guillaume and Sijacki, Tamara and Shen, Yichao and McLaughlin, Stephen H. and Sale, Julian E. and Knipscheer, Puck and Rueda, David S. and Passmore, Lori A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08763-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E2}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: FANCD2–FANCI surveys DNA and recognizes double- to single-stranded junctions}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: India–Eurasia convergence speed-up by passive-margin sediment subduction. NATURE, 639(8053), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Hao and Hu, Jiashun and Dal Zilio, Luca and Tang, Ming and Li, Keqing and Hu, Xiumian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08762-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: India–Eurasia convergence speed-up by passive-margin sediment subduction}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tracking gulls to prevent a bird flu pandemic. NATURE, 639(8053), 268. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sölvi Rúnar Vignisson observes species of sea bird as they gather and mix in Iceland. Sölvi Rúnar Vignisson observes species of sea bird as they gather and mix in Iceland.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lizak, Miles}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00623-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {268}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tracking gulls to prevent a bird flu pandemic}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ChatGPT for students: Learners find creative new uses for chatbots. NATURE, 639(8053), 265-266. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The utility of generative AI tools is expanding far beyond simple summarisation and grammar support towards more sophisticated, pedagogical applications. The utility of generative AI tools is expanding far beyond simple summarisation and grammar support towards more sophisticated, pedagogical applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00621-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {265-266}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {ChatGPT for students: Learners find creative new uses for chatbots}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Behind every great woman in science, there’s another great woman in science. NATURE, 639(8053), 261-264. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To mark International Women’s Day on 8 March, six award-winning female scientists highlight women who have inspired them by pushing innovative research and creating opportunities for others. To mark International Women’s Day on 8 March, six award-winning female scientists highlight women who have inspired them by pushing innovative research and creating opportunities for others.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heidt, Amanda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00620-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {261-264}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Behind every great woman in science, there’s another great woman in science}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural insights into RNA cleavage by PIWI argonaute. NATURE, 639(8053), 250-259. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Argonaute proteins are categorized into AGO and PIWI clades. Across most animal species, AGO-clade proteins are widely expressed in various cell types, and regulate normal gene expression1. By contrast, PIWI-clade proteins predominantly function during gametogenesis to suppress transposons and ensure fertility1,2. Both clades use nucleic acid guides for target recognition by means of base pairing, crucial for initiating target silencing, often through direct cleavage. AGO-clade proteins use a narrow channel to secure a tight guide–target interaction3. By contrast, PIWI proteins feature a wider channel that potentially allows mismatches during pairing, broadening target silencing capability4,5. However, the mechanism of PIWI-mediated target cleavage remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that after target binding, PIWI proteins undergo a conformational change from an ‘open’ state to a ‘locked’ state, facilitating base pairing and enhancing target cleavage efficiency. This transition involves narrowing of the binding channel and repositioning of the PIWI-interacting RNA–target duplex towards the MID-PIWI lobe, establishing extensive contacts for duplex stabilization. During this transition, we also identify an intermediate ‘comma-shaped’ conformation, which might recruit GTSF1, a known auxiliary protein that enhances PIWI cleavage activity6. GTSF1 facilitates the transition to the locked state by linking the PIWI domain to the RNA duplex, thereby expediting the conformational change critical for efficient target cleavage. These findings explain the molecular mechanisms underlying PIWI–PIWI-interacting RNA complex function in target RNA cleavage, providing insights into how dynamic conformational changes from PIWI proteins coordinate cofactors to safeguard gametogenesis. After target binding, PIWI proteins undergo a conformational change from ‘open’ to ‘locked’, facilitating base pairing and enhancing target cleavage efficiency, providing insights into how dynamic conformational changes from PIWI coordinate cofactors to safeguard gametogenesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Zhiqing and Xu, Qikui and Zhong, Jing and Zhang, Yan and Zhang, Tianxiang and Ying, Xiaoze and Lu, Xiaoli and Li, Xiaoyi and Wan, Li and Xue, Junchao and Huang, Jing and Zhen, Ying and Zhang, Zhao and Wu, Jianping and Shen, En-Zhi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08438-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {250-259}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural insights into RNA cleavage by PIWI argonaute}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Converging mechanism of UM171 and KBTBD4 neomorphic cancer mutations. NATURE, 639(8053), 241-249. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer mutations can create neomorphic protein–protein interactions to drive aberrant function1,2. As a substrate receptor of the CULLIN3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, KBTBD4 is recurrently mutated in medulloblastoma3, the most common embryonal brain tumour in children4. These mutations impart gain-of-function to KBTBD4 to induce aberrant degradation of the transcriptional corepressor CoREST5. However, their mechanism remains unresolved. Here we establish that KBTBD4 mutations promote CoREST degradation through engaging HDAC1/2 as the direct target of the mutant substrate receptor. Using deep mutational scanning, we chart the mutational landscape of the KBTBD4 cancer hotspot, revealing distinct preferences by which insertions and substitutions can promote gain-of-function and the critical residues involved in the hotspot interaction. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of two distinct KBTBD4 cancer mutants bound to LSD1–HDAC1–CoREST reveals that a KBTBD4 homodimer asymmetrically engages HDAC1 with two KELCH-repeat β-propeller domains. The interface between HDAC1 and one of the KBTBD4 β-propellers is stabilized by the medulloblastoma mutations, which insert a bulky side chain into the HDAC1 active site pocket. Our structural and mutational analyses inform how this hotspot E3–neosubstrate interface can be chemically modulated. First, we unveil a converging shape-complementarity-based mechanism between gain-of-function E3 mutations and a molecular glue degrader, UM171. Second, we demonstrate that HDAC1/2 inhibitors can block the mutant KBTBD4–HDAC1 interface and proliferation of KBTBD4-mutant medulloblastoma cells. Altogether, our work reveals the structural and mechanistic basis of cancer mutation-driven neomorphic protein–protein interactions. We show that gain-of-function cancer mutations in the KBTBD4 E3 ligase promote neodegradation of substrates via a shape-complementarity-based mechanism, which converges with the mechanism of action of the UM171 molecular glue degrader and can be blocked by HDAC1/2 inhibitors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Xiaowen and Zhang, Olivia and Yeo, Megan J. R. and Lee, Ceejay and Tao, Ran and Harry, Stefan A. and Payne, N. Connor and Nam, Eunju and Paul, Leena and Li, Yiran and Kwok, Hui Si and Jiang, Hanjie and Mao, Haibin and Hadley, Jennifer L. and Lin, Hong and Batts, Melissa and Gosavi, Pallavi M. and D’Angiolella, Vincenzo and Cole, Philip A. and Mazitschek, Ralph and Northcott, Paul A. and Zheng, Ning and Liau, Brian B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08533-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {241-249}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Converging mechanism of UM171 and KBTBD4 neomorphic cancer mutations}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). UM171 glues asymmetric CRL3–HDAC1/2 assembly to degrade CoREST corepressors. NATURE, 639(8053), 232-240. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {UM171 is a potent agonist of ex vivo human haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal1. By co-opting KBTBD4, a substrate receptor of the CUL3–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex, UM171 promotes the degradation of the LSD1–CoREST corepressor complex, thereby limiting haematopoietic stem cell attrition2,3. However, the direct target and mechanism of action of UM171 remain unclear. Here we show that UM171 acts as a molecular glue to induce high-affinity interactions between KBTBD4 and HDAC1/2 to promote corepressor degradation. Through proteomics and chemical inhibitor studies, we identify the principal target of UM171 as HDAC1/2. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of dimeric KBTBD4 bound to UM171 and the LSD1–HDAC1–CoREST complex identifies an asymmetric assembly in which a single UM171 molecule enables a pair of KELCH-repeat propeller domains to recruit the HDAC1 catalytic domain. One KBTBD4 propeller partially masks the rim of the HDAC1 active site, which is exploited by UM171 to extend the E3–neosubstrate interface. The other propeller cooperatively strengthens HDAC1 binding through a distinct interface. The overall CoREST–HDAC1/2–KBTBD4 interaction is further buttressed by the endogenous cofactor inositol hexakisphosphate, which acts as a second molecular glue. The functional relevance of the quaternary complex interaction surfaces is demonstrated by base editor scanning of KBTBD4 and HDAC1. By delineating the direct target of UM171 and its mechanism of action, we reveal how the cooperativity offered by a dimeric CRL3 E3 can be leveraged by a small molecule degrader. UM171 promotes corepressor degradation by acting as a molecular glue to induce KBTBD4–HDAC1/2 interactions with the help of inositol hexakisphosphate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yeo, Megan J. R. and Zhang, Olivia and Xie, Xiaowen and Nam, Eunju and Payne, N. Connor and Gosavi, Pallavi M. and Kwok, Hui Si and Iram, Irtiza and Lee, Ceejay and Li, Jiaming and Chen, Nicholas J. and Nguyen, Khanh and Jiang, Hanjie and Wang, Zhipeng A. and Lee, Kwangwoon and Mao, Haibin and Harry, Stefan A. and Barakat, Idris A. and Takahashi, Mariko and Waterbury, Amanda L. and Barone, Marco and Mattevi, Andrea and Carr, Steven A. and Udeshi, Namrata D. and Bar-Peled, Liron and Cole, Philip A. and Mazitschek, Ralph and Liau, Brian B. and Zheng, Ning}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08532-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {232-240}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {UM171 glues asymmetric CRL3–HDAC1/2 assembly to degrade CoREST corepressors}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). De novo designed proteins neutralize lethal snake venom toxins. NATURE, 639(8053), 225-231. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Snakebite envenoming remains a devastating and neglected tropical disease, claiming over 100,000 lives annually and causing severe complications and long-lasting disabilities for many more1,2. Three-finger toxins (3FTx) are highly toxic components of elapid snake venoms that can cause diverse pathologies, including severe tissue damage3 and inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in life-threatening neurotoxicity4. At present, the only available treatments for snakebites consist of polyclonal antibodies derived from the plasma of immunized animals, which have high cost and limited efficacy against 3FTxs5–7. Here we used deep learning methods to de novo design proteins to bind short-chain and long-chain α-neurotoxins and cytotoxins from the 3FTx family. With limited experimental screening, we obtained protein designs with remarkable thermal stability, high binding affinity and near-atomic-level agreement with the computational models. The designed proteins effectively neutralized all three 3FTx subfamilies in vitro and protected mice from a lethal neurotoxin challenge. Such potent, stable and readily manufacturable toxin-neutralizing proteins could provide the basis for safer, cost-effective and widely accessible next-generation antivenom therapeutics. Beyond snakebite, our results highlight how computational design could help democratize therapeutic discovery, particularly in resource-limited settings, by substantially reducing costs and resource requirements for the development of therapies for neglected tropical diseases. Deep learning methods have been used to design proteins that can neutralize the effects of three-finger toxins found in snake venom, which could lead to the development of safer and more accessible antivenom treatments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vázquez Torres, Susana and Benard Valle, Melisa and Mackessy, Stephen P. and Menzies, Stefanie K. and Casewell, Nicholas R. and Ahmadi, Shirin and Burlet, Nick J. and Muratspahić, Edin and Sappington, Isaac and Overath, Max D. and Rivera-de-Torre, Esperanza and Ledergerber, Jann and Laustsen, Andreas H. and Boddum, Kim and Bera, Asim K. and Kang, Alex and Brackenbrough, Evans and Cardoso, Iara A. and Crittenden, Edouard P. and Edge, Rebecca J. and Decarreau, Justin and Ragotte, Robert J. and Pillai, Arvind S. and Abedi, Mohamad and Han, Hannah L. and Gerben, Stacey R. and Murray, Analisa and Skotheim, Rebecca and Stuart, Lynda and Stewart, Lance and Fryer, Thomas J. A. and Jenkins, Timothy P. and Baker, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08393-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {225-231}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {De novo designed proteins neutralize lethal snake venom toxins}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). CD45-PET is a robust, non-invasive tool for imaging inflammation. NATURE, 639(8053), 214-224. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Imaging inflammation holds immense potential for advancing the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of many conditions1–3. The lack of a specific and sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) probe to detect inflammation is a critical challenge. To bridge this gap, we present CD45-PET imaging, which detects inflammation with exceptional sensitivity and clarity in several preclinical models. Notably, the intensity of the CD45-PET signal correlates robustly with the severity of disease in models of inflammatory lung and bowel diseases, outperforming 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, the most widely used imaging modality for inflammation globally. Longitudinal CD45-PET imaging further enables precise monitoring of dynamic changes in tissue-specific inflammatory profiles. Finally, we developed a human CD45-PET probe for clinical translation that effectively detects human immune cells in a humanized mouse model. CD45-PET imaging holds substantial clinical promise, offering a tool for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for inflammatory diseases through a precise, whole-body assessment of the inflammation profiles of individual patients. A non-invasive in vivo positron emission tomography imaging approach detects inflammatory disease using various preclinical models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Salehi Farid, Ali and Rowley, Jennifer E. and Allen, Harris H. and Kruger, Isabella G. and Tavakolpour, Soheil and Neeley, Kyle and Cong, Min and Shahbazian, Haneyeh and Dorafshani, Niki and Berrada, Achraf and MacDonagh, Alexander C. and Padera, Robert F. and Brugarolas, Pedro and Packard, Alan B. and Rosenbaum, Matthew W. and Divakaran, Sanjay and Di Carli, Marcelo F. and Rashidian, Mohammad}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08441-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {214-224}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {CD45-PET is a robust, non-invasive tool for imaging inflammation}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Antibody prophylaxis may mask subclinical SIV infections in macaques. NATURE, 639(8053), 205-213. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) show potential to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in humans1. However, there are limited data on the antibody concentrations required to prevent infection. Clinical trials of bNAb prophylaxis have demonstrated partial efficacy2, but the sampling frequency typically does not allow precise timing of infection events and concurrent antibody levels. Here, using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques, we show that although potent bNAbs can delay the onset of acute viremia, subclinical infections occur while bNAb levels remain high. Serial SIV challenge of monkeys given partially and fully neutralizing bNAbs revealed that ‘viral blips’—low and transient plasma viremia—often occur while serum bNAb concentrations are well above currently accepted protective levels. To understand the precise timing of the infections resulting in such blips, we performed plasma viral sequencing on monkeys that were serially challenged with genetically barcoded SIV after bNAb administration. These analyses showed that subclinical infections occurred in most animals that were given potent bNAb prophylaxis. These subclinical infections occurred while antibody concentrations were 2- to 400-fold higher than the levels required to prevent fully viremic breakthrough infection. This study demonstrates that immunoprophylaxis can mask subclinical infections, which may affect the interpretation of prophylactic HIV-1 bNAb clinical trials. Viral sequencing reveals subclinical infections in animals challenged with simian immunodeficiency virus even in the presence of potent neutralizing antibodies, with implications for clinical trials of antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonelli, Christopher A. and King, Hannah A. D. and Ko, SungYoul and Fennessey, Christine M. and Iwamoto, Nami and Mason, Rosemarie D. and Heimann, Ashley and Flebbe, Dillon R. and Todd, John-Paul and Foulds, Kathryn E. and Keele, Brandon F. and Lifson, Jeffrey D. and Koup, Richard A. and Roederer, Mario}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08500-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {205-213}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Antibody prophylaxis may mask subclinical SIV infections in macaques}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape. NATURE, 639(8053), 196-204. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus’ spike protein1, the main target of neutralizing antibodies2. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population1,3. Because viral infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that is shaped by local infection history. Here we developed a comprehensive mechanistic model, incorporating deep mutational scanning data4,5, antibody pharmacokinetics and regional genomic surveillance data, to predict the variant-specific relative number of susceptible individuals over time. We show that this quantity precisely matched historical variant dynamics, predicted future variant dynamics and explained global differences in variant dynamics. Our work strongly suggests that the ongoing pandemic continues to shape variant-specific population immunity, which determines a variant’s ability to transmit, thus defining variant fitness. The model can be applied to any region by utilizing local genomic surveillance data, allows contextualizing risk assessment of variants and provides information for vaccine design. A modelling approach predicts SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics on the basis of immunity and cross-neutralization, which was shaped by a region’s SARS-CoV-2 infection history.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Raharinirina, N. Alexia and Gubela, Nils and Börnigen, Daniela and Smith, Maureen Rebecca and Oh, Djin-Ye and Budt, Matthias and Mache, Christin and Schillings, Claudia and Fuchs, Stephan and Dürrwald, Ralf and Wolff, Thorsten and Hölzer, Martin and Paraskevopoulou, Sofia and von Kleist, Max}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08477-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {196-204}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Methanol transfer supports metabolic syntrophy between bacteria and archaea. NATURE, 639(8053), 190-195. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In subsurface methanogenic ecosystems, the ubiquity of methylated-compound-using archaea—methylotrophic methanogens1–4—implies that methylated compounds have an important role in the ecology and carbon cycling of such habitats. However, the origin of these chemicals remains unclear5,6 as there are no known energy metabolisms that generate methylated compounds de novo as a major product. Here we identified an energy metabolism in the subsurface-derived thermophilic anaerobe Zhaonella formicivorans7 that catalyses the conversion of formate to methanol, thereby producing methanol without requiring methylated compounds as an input. Cultivation experiments showed that formate-driven methanologenesis is inhibited by the accumulation of methanol. However, this limitation can be overcome through methanol consumption by a methylotrophic partner methanogen, Methermicoccus shengliensis. This symbiosis represents a fourth mode of mutualistic cross-feeding driven by thermodynamic necessity (syntrophy), previously thought to rely on transfer of hydrogen, formate or electrons8–10. The unusual metabolism and syntrophy provide insights into the enigmatic presence of methylated compounds in subsurface methanogenic ecosystems and demonstrate how organisms survive at the thermodynamic limit through metabolic symbiosis. Zhaonella formicivorans produces methanol, for a novel syntrophic interaction, without requiring methylated compounds as an input.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Yan and Igarashi, Kensuke and Liu, Laiyan and Mayumi, Daisuke and Ujiie, Tomomi and Fu, Lin and Yang, Min and Lu, Yahai and Cheng, Lei and Kato, Souichiro and Nobu, Masaru K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08491-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {190-195}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Methanol transfer supports metabolic syntrophy between bacteria and archaea}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Limited impact of salmonella stress and persisters on antibiotic clearance. NATURE, 639(8053), 181-189. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Antimicrobial compounds are essential for controlling bacterial infections. Stress-induced bacterial tolerance and persisters can undermine antimicrobial activities under laboratory conditions, but their quantitative effects under physiological conditions remain unclear1,2. Here we determined constraints on clearance of Salmonella by antimicrobials in infected mice and tissue-mimicking chemostats. The antibiotics enrofloxacin and ceftriaxone exhibited poor anti-Salmonella activity under both conditions, primarily owing to severe nutrient starvation, which restricted Salmonella replication3–5. Other infection-associated conditions, such as acidic pH, glucose, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, antimicrobial peptides, osmolarity, oxygen limitation, carbon dioxide and carbonate, as well as drug efflux, toxin–antitoxin modules and cell size had limited effects. A subset of resilient Salmonella appeared as a key obstacle for clearance by enrofloxacin, based on the biphasic decline of Salmonella colony-forming units. However, these data were misleading, because colony formation was confounded by extensive post-exposure killing. More accurate single-cell, real-time assays showed uniformly slow damage, indicating high resilience across the entire Salmonella population. The resulting extensive survival of bulk bacteria minimized the effect of hyper-resilient persisters. Thus, starvation-induced general resilience of Salmonella was the main cause of poor antibiotic clearance. These findings highlight the importance of quantifying antibiotic activity with real-time, single-cell assays under physiological conditions. Experiments in infected mice and tissue-mimicking chemostats show that resilience of Salmonella against antimicrobial compounds is largely a result of starvation-induced general resilience rather than survival of a small subset of hyper-resilient cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fanous, Joseph and Claudi, Beatrice and Tripathi, Vishwachi and Li, Jiagui and Goormaghtigh, Frédéric and Bumann, Dirk}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08506-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {181-189}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Limited impact of salmonella stress and persisters on antibiotic clearance}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A travelling-wave strategy for plant–fungal trade. NATURE, 639(8053), 172-180. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {For nearly 450 million years, mycorrhizal fungi have constructed networks to collect and trade nutrient resources with plant roots1,2. Owing to their dependence on host-derived carbon, these fungi face conflicting trade-offs in building networks that balance construction costs against geographical coverage and long-distance resource transport to and from roots3. How they navigate these design challenges is unclear4. Here, to monitor the construction of living trade networks, we built a custom-designed robot for high-throughput time-lapse imaging that could track over 500,000 fungal nodes simultaneously. We then measured around 100,000 cytoplasmic flow trajectories inside the networks. We found that mycorrhizal fungi build networks as self-regulating travelling waves—pulses of growing tips pull an expanding wave of nutrient-absorbing mycelium, the density of which is self-regulated by fusion. This design offers a solution to conflicting trade demands because relatively small carbon investments fuel fungal range expansions beyond nutrient-depletion zones, fostering exploration for plant partners and nutrients. Over time, networks maintained highly constant transport efficiencies back to roots, while simultaneously adding loops that shorten paths to potential new trade partners. Fungi further enhance transport flux by both widening hyphal tubes and driving faster flows along ‘trunk routes’ of the network5. Our findings provide evidence that symbiotic fungi control network-level structure and flows to meet trade demands, and illuminate the design principles of a symbiotic supply-chain network shaped by millions of years of natural selection. Symbiotic fungi control network-level structure and flows to meet trade demands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Oyarte Galvez, Loreto and Bisot, Corentin and Bourrianne, Philippe and Cargill, Rachael and Klein, Malin and van Son, Marije and van Krugten, Jaap and Caldas, Victor and Clerc, Thomas and Lin, Kai-Kai and Kahane, Félix and van Staalduine, Simon and Stewart, Justin D. and Terry, Victoria and Turcu, Bianca and van Otterdijk, Sander and Babu, Antoine and Kamp, Marko and Seynen, Marco and Steenbeek, Bas and Zomerdijk, Jan and Tutucci, Evelina and Sheldrake, Merlin and Godin, Christophe and Kokkoris, Vasilis and Stone, Howard A. and Kiers, E. Toby and Shimizu, Thomas S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08614-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {172-180}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A travelling-wave strategy for plant–fungal trade}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fine-tuning gibberellin improves rice alkali–thermal tolerance and yield. NATURE, 639(8053), 162-171. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Soil alkalinization and global warming are predicted to pose major challenges to agriculture in the future, as they continue to accelerate, markedly reducing global arable land and crop yields1,2. Therefore, strategies for future agriculture are needed to further improve globally cultivated, relatively high-yielding Green Revolution varieties (GRVs) derived from the SEMIDWARF 1 (SD1) gene3,4. Here we propose that precise regulation of the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) to optimal levels is the key to not only confer alkali–thermal tolerance to GRVs, but also to further enhance their yield. Endogenous modulation of ALKALI-THERMAL TOLERANCE 1/2 (ATT1/2), quantitative trait loci encoding GA20-oxidases or exogenous application of GA minimized rice yield loss affected by sodic soils. Mechanistically, high GA concentrations induce reactive oxygen species over-accumulation, whereas low GA concentrations repress the expression of stress-tolerance genes by means of DELLA–NGR5-mediated H3K27me3 methylation. We further showed that ATT1 induces large fluctuations in GA levels, whereas ATT2 is the ideal candidate for fine-tuning GA concentrations to appropriate levels to balance reactive oxygen species and H3K27me3 methylation to improve alkali–thermal tolerance and yield. Thus, ATT2 is expected to be a potential new post-Green Revolution gene that could be harnessed to develop and use marginal lands for sustainable agriculture in the future. Precise regulation of the phytohormone gibberellin to optimal levels may not only confer alkali–thermal tolerance to Green Revolution rice varieties but may also further enhance their yield, and ATT2, by enabling the fine-tuning of gibberellins, is expected to be a potential new post-Green Revolution gene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Shuang-Qin and Chen, Ya-Xin and Ju, Ya-Lin and Pan, Chen-Yang and Shan, Jun-Xiang and Ye, Wang-Wei and Dong, Nai-Qian and Kan, Yi and Yang, Yi-Bing and Zhao, Huai-Yu and Yu, Hong-Xiao and Lu, Zi-Qi and Lei, Jie-Jie and Liao, Ben and Mu, Xiao-Rui and Cao, Ying-Jie and Guo, Liangxing and Gao, Jin and Zhou, Ji-Fu and Yang, Kai-Yang and Lin, Hong-Xuan and Lin, Youshun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08486-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {162-171}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fine-tuning gibberellin improves rice alkali–thermal tolerance and yield}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hippocampal neuronal activity is aligned with action plans. NATURE, 639(8053), 153-161. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neurons in the hippocampus are correlated with different variables, including space, time, sensory cues, rewards and actions, in which the extent of tuning depends on ongoing task demands1–8. However, it remains uncertain whether such diverse tuning corresponds to distinct functions within the hippocampal network or whether a more generic computation can account for these observations9. Here, to disentangle the contribution of externally driven cues versus internal computation, we developed a task in mice in which space, auditory tones, rewards and context were juxtaposed with changing relevance. High-density electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons were tuned to each of these modalities. By comparing movement paths and action sequences, we observed that external variables had limited direct influence on hippocampal firing. Instead, spiking was influenced by online action plans and modulated by goal uncertainty. Our results suggest that internally generated cell assembly sequences are selected and updated by action plans towards deliberate goals. The apparent tuning of hippocampal neuronal spiking to different sensory modalities might emerge due to alignment to the afforded action progression within a task rather than representation of external cues. Using high-density electrophysiological recordings, how internally generated cell assemblies are updated by action plans to meet external goals is explored.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zutshi, Ipshita and Apostolelli, Athina and Yang, Wannan and Zheng, Zheyang Sam and Dohi, Tora and Balzani, Edoardo and Williams, Alex H. and Savin, Cristina and Buzsáki, György}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08397-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {153-161}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hippocampal neuronal activity is aligned with action plans}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Opponent control of reinforcement by striatal dopamine and serotonin. NATURE, 639(8053), 143-152. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The neuromodulators dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) powerfully regulate associative learning1–8. Similarities in the activity and connectivity of these neuromodulatory systems have inspired competing models of how DA and 5HT interact to drive the formation of new associations9–14. However, these hypotheses have not been tested directly because it has not been possible to interrogate and manipulate multiple neuromodulatory systems in a single subject. Here we establish a mouse model that enables simultaneous genetic access to the brain’s DA and 5HT neurons. Anterograde tracing revealed the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to be a putative hotspot for the integration of convergent DA and 5HT signals. Simultaneous recording of DA and 5HT axon activity, together with genetically encoded DA and 5HT sensor recordings, revealed that rewards increase DA signalling and decrease 5HT signalling in the NAc. Optogenetically dampening DA or 5HT reward responses individually produced modest behavioural deficits in an appetitive conditioning task, while blunting both signals together profoundly disrupted learning and reinforcement. Optogenetically reproducing DA and 5HT reward responses together was sufficient to drive the acquisition of new associations and supported reinforcement more potently than either manipulation did alone. Together, these results demonstrate that striatal DA and 5HT signals shape learning by exerting opponent control of reinforcement. A double-transgenic mouse model that enables monitoring or manipulation of dopamine and serotonin simultaneously in the brain’s nucleus accumbens shows that these neuromodulators have opponent roles in reward learning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cardozo Pinto, Daniel F. and Pomrenze, Matthew B. and Guo, Michaela Y. and Touponse, Gavin C. and Chen, Allen P. F. and Bentzley, Brandon S. and Eshel, Neir and Malenka, Robert C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08412-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {143-152}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Opponent control of reinforcement by striatal dopamine and serotonin}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The genetic origin of the indo-europeans. NATURE, 639(8053), 132-142. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 bc across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 bc it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating three genetic clines. A Caucasus–lower Volga (CLV) cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer1 ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end and a northern end at Berezhnovka along the lower Volga river. Bidirectional gene flow created intermediate populations, such as the north Caucasus Maikop people, and those at Remontnoye on the steppe. The Volga cline was formed as CLV people mixed with upriver populations of Eastern hunter-gatherer2 ancestry, creating hypervariable groups, including one at Khvalynsk. The Dnipro cline was formed when CLV people moved west, mixing with people with Ukraine Neolithic hunter-gatherer ancestry3 along the Dnipro and Don rivers to establish Serednii Stih groups, from whom Yamnaya ancestors formed around 4000 bc and grew rapidly after 3750–3350 bc. The CLV people contributed around four-fifths of the ancestry of the Yamnaya and, entering Anatolia, probably from the east, at least one-tenth of the ancestry of Bronze Age central Anatolians, who spoke Hittite4,5. We therefore propose that the final unity of the speakers of ‘proto-Indo-Anatolian’, the language ancestral to both Anatolian and Indo-European people, occurred in CLV people some time between 4400 bc and 4000 bc. Ancient DNA reveals how the explosive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists began with a small community north of the Black Sea speaking ancestral Indo-European, and detects genetic links with Anatolian speakers, stemming from a common Indo-Anatolian homeland in the North Caucasus–lower Volga region.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lazaridis, Iosif and Patterson, Nick and Anthony, David and Vyazov, Leonid and Fournier, Romain and Ringbauer, Harald and Olalde, Iñigo and Khokhlov, Alexander A. and Kitov, Egor P. and Shishlina, Natalia I. and Ailincăi, Sorin C. and Agapov, Danila S. and Agapov, Sergey A. and Batieva, Elena and Bauyrzhan, Baitanayev and Bereczki, Zsolt and Buzhilova, Alexandra and Changmai, Piya and Chizhevsky, Andrey A. and Ciobanu, Ion and Constantinescu, Mihai and Csányi, Marietta and Dani, János and Dashkovskiy, Peter K. and Évinger, Sándor and Faifert, Anatoly and Flegontov, Pavel and Frînculeasa, Alin and Frînculeasa, Mădălina N. and Hajdu, Tamás and Higham, Tom and Jarosz, Paweł and Jelínek, Pavol and Khartanovich, Valeri I. and Kirginekov, Eduard N. and Kiss, Viktória and Kitova, Alexandera and Kiyashko, Alexeiy V. and Koledin, Jovan and Korolev, Arkady and Kosintsev, Pavel and Kulcsár, Gabriella and Kuznetsov, Pavel and Magomedov, Rabadan and Mamedov, Aslan M. and Melis, Eszter and Moiseyev, Vyacheslav and Molnár, Erika and Monge, Janet and Negrea, Octav and Nikolaeva, Nadezhda A. and Novak, Mario and Ochir-Goryaeva, Maria and Pálfi, György and Popovici, Sergiu and Rykun, Marina P. and Savenkova, Tatyana M. and Semibratov, Vladimir P. and Seregin, Nikolai N. and Šefčáková, Alena and Mussayeva, Raikhan S. and Shingiray, Irina and Shirokov, Vladimir N. and Simalcsik, Angela and Sirak, Kendra and Solodovnikov, Konstantin N. and Tárnoki, Judit and Tishkin, Alexey A. and Trifonov, Viktor and Vasilyev, Sergey and Akbari, Ali and Brielle, Esther S. and Callan, Kim and Candilio, Francesca and Cheronet, Olivia and Curtis, Elizabeth and Flegontova, Olga and Iliev, Lora and Kearns, Aisling and Keating, Denise and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Michel, Megan and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Workman, J. Noah and Zalzala, Fatma and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna and Palamara, Pier Francesco and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08531-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {132-142}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The genetic origin of the indo-europeans}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A genomic history of the north pontic region from the neolithic to the bronze age. NATURE, 639(8053), 124-131. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The North Pontic Region was the meeting point of the farmers of Old Europe and the foragers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe1,2, and the source of migrations deep into Europe3–5. Here we report genome-wide data from 81 prehistoric North Pontic individuals to understand the genetic makeup of its people. North Pontic foragers had ancestry from Balkan and Eastern hunter-gatherers6 as well as European farmers and, occasionally, Caucasus hunter-gatherers. During the Eneolithic period, a wave of migrants from the Caucasus–Lower Volga area7 bypassed local foragers to mix in equal parts with Trypillian farmers, forming the people of the Usatove culture around 4500 bce. A temporally overlapping wave of migrants from the Caucasus–Lower Volga blended with foragers instead of farmers to form Serednii Stih people7. The third wave was the Yamna—descendants of the Serednii Stih who formed by mixture around 4000 bce and expanded during the Early Bronze Age (3300 bce). The temporal gap between Serednii Stih and the Yamna is bridged by a genetically Yamna individual from Mykhailivka, Ukraine (3635–3383 bce), a site of archaeological continuity across the Eneolithic–Bronze Age transition and a likely epicentre of Yamna formation. Each of these three waves of migration propagated distinctive ancestries while also incorporating outsiders, a flexible strategy that may explain the success of the peoples of the North Pontic in spreading their genes and culture across Eurasia3–5,8–10. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of 81 prehistoric individuals reveals how the genetic makeup of people from the North Pontic region was influenced by waves of migration during the Eneolithic period and Early Bronze Age.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nikitin, Alexey G. and Lazaridis, Iosif and Patterson, Nick and Ivanova, Svitlana and Videiko, Mykhailo and Dergachev, Valentin and Kotova, Nadiia and Lillie, Malcolm and Potekhina, Inna and Krenz-Niedbała, Marta and Łukasik, Sylwia and Makhortykh, Serhij and Renson, Virginie and Shephard, Henry and Sirbu, Gennadie and Svyryd, Sofiia and Tkachuk, Taras and Włodarczak, Piotr and Callan, Kim and Curtis, Elizabeth and Harney, Eadaoin and Iliev, Lora and Kearns, Aisling and Lawson, Ann Marie and Michel, Megan and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Workman, J. Noah and Zalzala, Fatma and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Reich, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08372-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {124-131}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A genomic history of the north pontic region from the neolithic to the bronze age}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Maize monoculture supported pre-columbian urbanism in southwestern amazonia. NATURE, 639(8053), 119-123. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Casarabe culture (500–1400 ce), spreading over roughly 4,500 km2 of the monumental mounds region of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia, is one of the clearest examples of urbanism in pre-Columbian (pre-1492 ce) Amazonia. It exhibits a four-tier hierarchical settlement pattern, with hundreds of monumental mounds interconnected by canals and causeways1,2. Despite archaeological evidence indicating that maize was cultivated by this society3, it is unknown whether it was the staple crop and which type of agricultural farming system was used to support this urban-scale society. Here, we address this issue by integration of remote sensing, field survey and microbotanical analyses, which shows that the Casarabe culture invested heavily in landscape engineering, constructing a complex system of drainage canals (to drain excess water during the rainy season) and newly documented savannah farm ponds (to retain water in the dry season). Phytolith analyses of 178 samples from 18 soil profiles in drained fields, farm ponds and forested settings record the singular and ubiquitous presence of maize (Zea mays) in pre-Columbian fields and farm ponds, and an absence of evidence for agricultural practices in the forest. Collectively, our findings show how the Casarabe culture managed the savannah landscape for intensive year-round maize monoculture that probably sustained its relatively large population. Our results have implications for how we conceive agricultural systems in Amazonia, and show an example of a Neolithic-like, grain-based agrarian economy in the Amazon. Remote sensing, field survey and microbotanical analyses show that the pre-Columbian Casarabe culture in the Bolivian Amazon invested heavily in landscape engineering, constructing a complex system of drainage canals and newly documented savannah farm ponds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lombardo, Umberto and Hilbert, Lautaro and Bentley, McKenzie and Bronk Ramsey, Christopher and Dudgeon, Kate and Gaitan-Roca, Albert and Iriarte, José and Mejía Ramón, Andrés G. and Quezada, Sergio and Raczka, Marco and Watling, Jennifer G. and Neves, Eduardo and Mayle, Francis}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08473-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {119-123}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Maize monoculture supported pre-columbian urbanism in southwestern amazonia}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Contrasting drought sensitivity of eurasian and north american grasslands. NATURE, 639(8053), 114-118. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems1–3 with negative consequences for nature’s contribution to people4–7. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America—two of the Northern Hemisphere’s largest grass-dominated regions. Aboveground plant production declined substantially with drought in the Eurasian grasslands and the effects accumulated over time, while the declines were less severe and more muted over time in the North American grasslands. Drought effects on species richness shifted from positive to negative in Eurasia, but from negative to positive in North America over time. The differing responses of plant production in these grasslands were accompanied by less common (subordinate) plant species declining in Eurasian grasslands but increasing in North American grasslands. Our findings demonstrate the high production sensitivity of Eurasian compared with North American grasslands to extreme drought (43.6% versus 25.2% reduction), and the key role of subordinate species in determining impacts of extreme drought on grassland productivity. Eurasian grasslands have high production sensitivity to extreme drought compared with North American grasslands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yu, Qiang and Xu, Chong and Wu, Honghui and Ke, Yuguang and Zuo, Xiaoan and Luo, Wentao and Ren, Haiyan and Gu, Qian and Wang, Hongqiang and Ma, Wang and Knapp, Alan K. and Collins, Scott L. and Rudgers, Jennifer A. and Luo, Yiqi and Hautier, Yann and Wang, Chengjie and Wang, Zhengwen and Jiang, Yong and Han, Guodong and Gao, Yingzhi and He, Nianpeng and Zhu, Juntao and Dong, Shikui and Xin, Xiaoping and Yu, Guirui and Smith, Melinda D. and Li, Linghao and Han, Xingguo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08478-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {114-118}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Contrasting drought sensitivity of eurasian and north american grasslands}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Glacial isostatic adjustment reveals mars’s interior viscosity structure. NATURE, 639(8053), 109-113. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Investigating glacial isostatic adjustment has been the standard method to decipher Earth’s interior viscosity structure1,2, but such an approach has been rarely applied to other planets because of a lack of observational data3,4. The north polar cap of Mars is the only millions-of-years-old surface feature that can induce measurable surface deformation on this planet, thereby holding clues to its present-day internal viscosity structure5,6. Here we investigate the emplacement of this ice cap by combining thermal evolution models7, viscoelastic deformation calculations8 and radar observations6. We show that downward motion of the northern regions is ongoing and can be constrained by analyses of the time-variable gravity field9 and NASA’s InSight seismic moment rate10. Only models with present-day high viscosities (2–6 × 1022 Pa s for depths greater than 500 km), strong mantle depletion in radiogenic elements (more than 90%) and thick average crusts (thicker than 40 km) are consistent with the negligible flexure beneath the polar cap seen by radars. The northern lithosphere must deform at less than 0.13 mm per year and have a seismic efficiency less than 0.3 to satisfy gravity and seismic constraints, respectively. Our models show that the north polar cap formed over the last 1.7–12.0 Myr and that glacial isostatic adjustment can be further constrained by future gravity recovery missions to Mars11,12. Emplacement of the north polar cap of Mars is investigated by combining viscoelastic deformation calculations and observations, showing that it formed over the last 1.7–12.0 Myr atop a stiff lithosphere and high-viscosity mantle (1022 Pa s), and that glacial isostatic adjustment could be further constrained.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Broquet, A. and Plesa, A.-C. and Klemann, V. and Root, B. C. and Genova, A. and Wieczorek, M. A. and Knapmeyer, M. and Andrews-Hanna, J. C. and Breuer, D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08565-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {109-113}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Glacial isostatic adjustment reveals mars’s interior viscosity structure}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Impact of amazonian deforestation on precipitation reverses between seasons. NATURE, 639(8053), 102-108. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tropical deforestation was found to cause large reductions in precipitation using a range of observation-based datasets1. However, the limitations of satellite-based space-for-time statistical analysis have hindered understanding of the roles of reshaped mesoscale atmospheric circulation and regional precipitation recycling at different scales. These effects are considered nonlocal effects, which are distinct from the local effects governed by deforestation-induced reductions in evapotranspiration (ET). Here we show reversed precipitation responses to Amazon deforestation across wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, deforested grids experienced a noteworthy increase in precipitation (0.96 mm month−1 per percentage point forest loss), primarily attributed to enhanced mesoscale atmospheric circulation (that is, nonlocal effect). These nonlocal increases weaken with distance from deforested grids, leading to significant precipitation reductions in buffers beyond 60 km. Conversely, during the dry season, precipitation decreases in deforested grids and throughout all analysis buffers, with local effects from reduced ET dominating. Our findings highlight the intricate balance between local effects and nonlocal effects in driving deforestation–precipitation responses across different seasons and scales and emphasize the urgent need to address the rapid and extensive loss of forest in the Amazon region. Reversed precipitation responses to Amazon deforestation show that deforestation leads to precipitation increases in the wet season and decreases in the dry season.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qin, Yingzuo and Wang, Dashan and Ziegler, Alan D. and Fu, Bojie and Zeng, Zhenzhong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08570-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {102-108}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Impact of amazonian deforestation on precipitation reverses between seasons}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics. NATURE, 639(8053), 93-101. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Multijunction photovoltaics (PVs) are gaining prominence owing to their superior capability of achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells1–8, for which improving narrow-bandgap (NBG) tin–lead perovskites is critical for thin-film devices9. Here, with a focus on understanding the chemistry of tin–lead perovskite precursor solutions, we find that Sn(ii) species dominate interactions with precursors and additives and uncover the exclusive role of carboxylic acid in regulating solution colloidal properties and film crystallization and ammonium in improving film optoelectronic properties. Materials that combine these two functional groups, amino acid salts, considerably improve the semiconducting quality and homogeneity of perovskite films, surpassing the effect of the individual functional groups when introduced as part of separate molecules. Our enhanced tin–lead perovskite layer allows us to fabricate solar cells with PCEs of 23.9%, 29.7% (certified 29.26%) and 28.7% for single-junction, double-junction and triple-junction devices, respectively. Our 1-cm2 triple-junction devices show PCEs of 28.4% (certified 27.28%). Encapsulated triple-junction cells maintain 80% of their initial efficiencies after 860 h maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in ambient. We further fabricate quadruple-junction devices and obtain PCEs of 27.9% with the highest open-circuit voltage of 4.94 V. This work establishes a new benchmark for multijunction PVs. Understanding the chemistry of perovskite precursor solutions enables improved film optoelectronic properties, allowing the fabrication of multijunction solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hu, Shuaifeng and Wang, Junke and Zhao, Pei and Pascual, Jorge and Wang, Jianan and Rombach, Florine and Dasgupta, Akash and Liu, Wentao and Truong, Minh Anh and Zhu, He and Kober-Czerny, Manuel and Drysdale, James N. and Smith, Joel A. and Yuan, Zhongcheng and Aalbers, Guus J. W. and Schipper, Nick R. M. and Yao, Jin and Nakano, Kyohei and Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill and Dallmann, André and Christoforo, M. Greyson and Ball, James M. and McMeekin, David P. and Zaininger, Karl-Augustin and Liu, Zonghao and Noel, Nakita K. and Tajima, Keisuke and Chen, Wei and Ehara, Masahiro and Janssen, René A. J. and Wakamiya, Atsushi and Snaith, Henry J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08546-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {93-101}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Achieving kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling by a multi-cell architecture. NATURE, 639(8053), 87-92. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Elastocaloric cooling using shape memory alloys (SMAs) has attracted considerable interest as an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient alternative to conventional vapour-compression refrigeration1,2. However, the limited cooling power of existing devices (≤300 W) hampers the commercialization of this technology3,4. Here we constructed a kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device using compressive tubular NiTi in an ‘SMAs in series–fluid in parallel’ architecture, referred to as the multi-cell architecture. A large specific cooling power of 12.3 W g−1 was achieved by the large surface-area-to-volume ratio of thin-walled tubular NiTi at high-frequency operation (3.5 Hz), complemented by graphene nanofluid as an efficient heat transfer agent. Furthermore, the multi-cell architecture ensures a sufficient elastocaloric mass for tight assembly while maintaining a low system fluid pressure. Our device achieves a cooling power of 1,284 W on the fluid side at zero temperature lift during the initial 500,000 cycles, demonstrating the potential of this green cooling technology for a decarbonized future5,6. An elastocaloric cooling platform is constructed based on shape memory alloys with a cellular architecture that enables cooling powers above 1 kW.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Guoan and Zhang, Lingyun and Li, Zexi and Hua, Peng and Sun, Qingping and Yao, Shuhuai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {87-92}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Achieving kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling by a multi-cell architecture}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A single-fibre computer enables textile networks and distributed inference. NATURE, 639(8053), 79-86. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite advancements in wearable technologies1,2, barriers remain in achieving distributed computation located persistently on the human body. Here a textile fibre computer that monolithically combines analogue sensing, digital memory, processing and communication in a mass of less than 5 g is presented. Enabled by a foldable interposer, the two-dimensional pad architectures of microdevices were mapped to three-dimensional cylindrical layouts conforming to fibre geometry. Through connection with helical copper microwires, eight microdevices were thermally drawn into a machine-washable elastic fibre capable of more than 60% stretch. This programmable fibre, which incorporates a 32-bit floating-point microcontroller, independently performs edge computing tasks even when braided, woven, knitted or seam-sewn into garments. The universality of the assembly process allows for the integration of additional functions with simple modifications, including a rechargeable fibre power source that operates the computer for nearly 6 h. Finally, we surmount the perennial limitation of rigid interconnects by implementing two wireless communication schemes involving woven optical links and seam-inserted radio-frequency communications. To demonstrate its utility, we show that garments equipped with four fibre computers, one per limb, operating individually trained neural networks achieve, on average, 67% accuracy in classifying physical activity. However, when networked, inference accuracy increases to 95% using simple weighted voting. A textile fibre computer combining sensing, memory, processing and communication in a 5-g mass has been developed, enabling distributed computation on the human body through garments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gupta, Nikhil and Cheung, Henry and Payra, Syamantak and Loke, Gabriel and Li, Jenny and Zhao, Yongyi and Balachander, Latika and Son, Ella and Li, Vivian and Kravitz, Samuel and Lohawala, Sehar and Joannopoulos, John and Fink, Yoel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08568-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {79-86}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A single-fibre computer enables textile networks and distributed inference}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Orbital hybridization in graphene-based artificial atoms. NATURE, 639(8053), 73-78. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Intra-atomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation are the two fundamental processes when real atoms are condensed to form matter1,2. Artificial atoms mimic real atoms by demonstrating discrete energy levels attributable to quantum confinement3–8. As such, they offer a solid-state analogue for simulating intra-atomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation. Signatures of interatomic bond formation have been extensively observed in various artificial atoms9–17. However, direct evidence of the intra-atomic orbital hybridization in the artificial atoms remains to be experimentally demonstrated. Here we realize the orbital hybridization in artificial atoms by altering the shape of the artificial atoms. The anisotropy of the confining potential gives rise to the hybridization between quasibound states with different orbital quantum numbers within the artificial atom. These hybridized orbits are directly visualized in real space in our experiment and are well reproduced by both numerical calculations and analytical derivations. Our study opens an avenue for designing artificial matter that cannot be accessed on real atoms through experiments. Moreover, the results obtained inspire the progressive control of quantum states in diverse systems. Orbital hybridization in artificial atoms is achieved by altering their shape, and the anisotropy of the confining potential gives rise to the hybridization between quasibound states with different orbital quantum numbers within the artificial atom.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mao, Yue and Ren, Hui-Ying and Zhou, Xiao-Feng and Sheng, Hao and Xiao, Yun-Hao and Zhuang, Yu-Chen and Ren, Ya-Ning and He, Lin and Sun, Qing-Feng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08620-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {73-78}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Orbital hybridization in graphene-based artificial atoms}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Interplay of geometrical and spin chiralities in 3D twisted magnetic ribbons. NATURE, 639(8053), 67-72. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chirality is a ubiquitous and fundamental asymmetry in nature1,2. Recently, the interaction of chiral objects with spin currents has attracted enormous attention from both scientific and technological perspectives3–5. Of particular interest is the current-driven motion of chiral topological excitations such as chiral magnetic domain walls in chiral three-dimensional magnetic structures that could allow for high-density memory-storage devices. Here we use state-of-the-art multiphoton lithography6,7 to create three-dimensional chiral magnetic ribbons and perform current-induced motion of chiral domain walls. The ribbons are designed to have a clockwise or anticlockwise chiral twist with a variable magnitude. We find that domain walls can either pass through the ribbon or are impeded, depending on their chirality and configuration and the geometrical chiral twist of the ribbon. The interplay between the magnetic exchange energy and the geometrical twist generates a torsional field that favours chiral Bloch-type walls rather than the Néel-type wall favoured by the intrinsic magnetic properties of the magnetic ribbon itself. Furthermore, the interplay of spin chirality and chiral twist results in a non-reciprocal domain wall motion, namely, a domain wall filter or diode8–10. Our findings show how the interplay between geometrical and spin chiralities can lead to new functionalities that could allow for innovative chiral spintronics. The interplay between geometrical and spin chiralities in three-dimensional twisted magnetic ribbons can lead to new functionalities that could allow for innovative chiral spintronics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Farinha, André M. A. and Yang, See-Hun and Yoon, Jiho and Pal, Banabir and Parkin, Stuart S. P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08582-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {67-72}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Interplay of geometrical and spin chiralities in 3D twisted magnetic ribbons}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spectroscopy of the fractal hofstadter energy spectrum. NATURE, 639(8053), 60-66. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hofstadter’s butterfly, the predicted energy spectrum for non-interacting electrons confined to a two-dimensional lattice in a magnetic field, is one of the most remarkable fractal structures in nature1. At rational ratios of magnetic flux quanta per lattice unit cell, this spectrum shows self-similar distributions of energy levels that reflect its recursive construction. For most materials, Hofstadter’s butterfly is predicted under experimental conditions that are unachievable using laboratory-scale magnetic fields1–3. More recently, electrical transport studies have provided evidence for Hofstadter’s butterfly in materials engineered to have artificially large lattice constants4–6, such as those with moiré superlattices7–10. Yet, so far, direct spectroscopy of the fractal energy spectrum predicted by Hofstadter nearly 50 years ago has remained out of reach. Here we use high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) to investigate the flat electronic bands in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) near the predicted second magic angle11,12, an ideal setting for spectroscopic studies of Hofstadter’s spectrum. Our study shows the fractionalization of flat moiré bands into discrete Hofstadter subbands and discerns experimental signatures of self-similarity of this spectrum. Moreover, our measurements uncover a spectrum that evolves dynamically with electron density, showing phenomena beyond that of Hofstadter’s original model owing to the combined effects of strong correlations, Coulomb interactions and the quantum degeneracy of electrons in TBG. High-resolution STM/STS visualizes the fractionalization of flat moiré bands into discrete Hofstadter subbands in moiré graphene near the predicted second magic angle, and experimentally establishes several fundamental properties of the fractal Hofstadter energy spectrum.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nuckolls, Kevin P. and Scheer, Michael G. and Wong, Dillon and Oh, Myungchul and Lee, Ryan L. and Herzog-Arbeitman, Jonah and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Lian, Biao and Yazdani, Ali}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08550-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {60-66}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spectroscopy of the fractal hofstadter energy spectrum}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multiplexed entanglement of multi-emitter quantum network nodes. NATURE, 639(8053), 54-59. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum networks that distribute entanglement among remote nodes will unlock transformational technologies in quantum computing, communication and sensing1–4. However, state-of-the-art networks5–14 use only a single optically addressed qubit per node; this constrains both the quantum communication bandwidth and memory resources, greatly impeding scalability. Solid-state platforms15–24 provide a valuable resource for multiplexed quantum networking in which multiple spectrally distinguishable qubits can be hosted in nano-scale volumes. Here we harness this resource by implementing a two-node network consisting of several rare-earth ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities25–31. This is accomplished with a protocol that entangles distinguishable 171Yb ions through frequency-erasing photon detection combined with real-time quantum feedforward. This method is robust to slow optical frequency fluctuations occurring on timescales longer than a single entanglement attempt: a universal challenge amongst solid-state emitters. We demonstrate the enhanced functionality of these multi-emitter nodes in two ways. First, we mitigate the bottlenecks to the entanglement distribution rate through multiplexed entanglement of two remote ion pairs32,33. Second, we prepare multipartite W-states comprising three distinguishable ions as a resource for advanced quantum networking protocols34,35. These results lay the groundwork for scalable quantum networking based on rare-earth ions. Multiplexed entanglement distribution in a quantum network, with each node comprising multiple solid-state emitters in nanophotonic cavities, enables scalable quantum communication.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ruskuc, A. and Wu, C.-J. and Green, E. and Hermans, S. L. N. and Pajak, W. and Choi, J. and Faraon, A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08537-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {54-59}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multiplexed entanglement of multi-emitter quantum network nodes}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Real-time inference for binary neutron star mergers using machine learning. NATURE, 639(8053), 49-53. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mergers of binary neutron stars emit signals in both the gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic spectra. Famously, the 2017 multi-messenger observation of GW170817 (refs. 1,2) led to scientific discoveries across cosmology3, nuclear physics4–6 and gravity7. Central to these results were the sky localization and distance obtained from the GW data, which, in the case of GW170817, helped to identify the associated electromagnetic transient, AT 2017gfo (ref. 8), 11 h after the GW signal. Fast analysis of GW data is critical for directing time-sensitive electromagnetic observations. However, owing to challenges arising from the length and complexity of signals, it is often necessary to make approximations that sacrifice accuracy. Here we present a machine-learning framework that performs complete binary neutron star inference in just 1 s without making any such approximations. Our approach enhances multi-messenger observations by providing: (1) accurate localization even before the merger; (2) improved localization precision by around 30% compared to approximate low-latency methods; and (3) detailed information on luminosity distance, inclination and masses, which can be used to prioritize expensive telescope time. Additionally, the flexibility and reduced cost of our method open new opportunities for equation-of-state studies. Finally, we demonstrate that our method scales to long signals, up to an hour in length, thus serving as a blueprint for data analysis for next-generation ground- and space-based detectors. Analysis of gravitational waves from merging binary neutron stars was accelerated using machine learning, enabling full low-latency parameter estimation and enhancing the potential for multi-messenger observations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dax, Maximilian and Green, Stephen R. and Gair, Jonathan and Gupte, Nihar and Pürrer, Michael and Raymond, Vivien and Wildberger, Jonas and Macke, Jakob H. and Buonanno, Alessandra and Schölkopf, Bernhard}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08593-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {49-53}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Real-time inference for binary neutron star mergers using machine learning}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Genetic and geographical origins of eurasia’s influential yamna culture. NATURE, 639(8053), 46-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ancient genomes from modern Ukraine and Russia reveal the origins of the Yamna people, pastoralists who migrated from the Eurasian steppe to Europe 5,000 years ago, spreading their ancestry, culture and, probably, language. Ancient genomes from Ukraine and Russia reveal Yamna origins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Saag, Lehti and Metspalu, Mait}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00089-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {46-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Genetic and geographical origins of eurasia’s influential yamna culture}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Could psychedelics be fine-tuned to relieve anxiety but skip the ‘trip’?. NATURE, 639(8053), 45-46. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Interest in psychedelic substances as medicines is rising. Identifying the neural circuits that mediate the benefits of psychedelics could pave the way for long-lasting anxiety treatments without the short-term sensory disturbances. Pinpointing neurons that mediate psychedelics' beneficial effects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Knox, Cory A. and Kwan, Alex C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00454-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {45-46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Could psychedelics be fine-tuned to relieve anxiety but skip the ‘trip’?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI algorithm helps telescopes to pivot fast towards gravitational-wave sources. NATURE, 639(8053), 43-44. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast electromagnetic follow-up observations of gravitational-wave sources such as binary neutron stars could shed light on questions across physics and cosmology. A machine-learning approach brings that a step closer. Machine-learning system precisely locates neutron-star mergers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Williams, Michael J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00543-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {43-44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI algorithm helps telescopes to pivot fast towards gravitational-wave sources}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular glue unexpectedly mimics the effect of cancer mutations. NATURE, 639(8053), 42-43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many conventional small-molecule drugs work by inhibiting proteins, affecting their function. One small molecule instead imbues a protein with a new function in a mechanism that could inform rational drug design. Protein structures could guide the design of molecular glue degraders.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bushman, Jonathan W. and Potts, Patrick Ryan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00090-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {42-43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular glue unexpectedly mimics the effect of cancer mutations}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Amazonian deforestation makes the wet season wetter, and the dry season dryer. NATURE, 639(8053), 40-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clearing of Amazonian forest boosts rainfall during the wet season, but reduces it in the dry season, when the ecosystem needs water most — highlighting the need to prevent further clearance of a climate-regulating environment. Changes in rainfall assessed using satellite data and climate simulations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thiery, Wim}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00542-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {40-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Amazonian deforestation makes the wet season wetter, and the dry season dryer}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Revealing how fungi build planet-altering ‘road’ networks. NATURE, 639(8053), 39-40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fungi made Earth’s land liveable by building networks that released nutrients locked in primordial rock and supplied those nutrients to plant roots. An imaging study now sheds light on how these fungal networks are constructed. Imaging study reveals how fungal networks are constructed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Martinez, Neo D. and Marschmann, Gianna L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00307-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {39-40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Revealing how fungi build planet-altering ‘road’ networks}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI hallucinations are a feature of LLM design, not a bug. NATURE, 639(8053), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dumit, Joseph and Roepstorff, Andreas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00662-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI hallucinations are a feature of LLM design, not a bug}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI must be taught concepts, not just patterns in raw data. NATURE, 639(8053), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chaudhri, Vinay K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00663-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI must be taught concepts, not just patterns in raw data}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Elon musk has some supporters in science. NATURE, 639(8053), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ali, Saleem H.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00664-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Elon musk has some supporters in science}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Should scientists ditch the social-media platform x?. NATURE, 639(8053), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Amelio, Ivano}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00665-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Should scientists ditch the social-media platform x?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Use your research to beat health inequities: Four strategies from experts. NATURE, 639(8053), 35-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists must commit to engaging with the communities they want to help at all stages of the research process — from planning to dissemination. Scientists must commit to engaging with the communities they want to help at all stages of the research process — from planning to dissemination.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hendricks, Lynn and Aiyar, Raeka and Palanisamy, Uma and Sithole, Nyasha Phanisa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00619-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {35-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Use your research to beat health inequities: Four strategies from experts}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Train clinical AI to reason like a team of doctors. NATURE, 639(8053), 32-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act takes effect, AI systems that mimic how human teams collaborate can improve trust in high-risk situations, such as clinical medicine. As the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act takes effect, AI systems that mimic how human teams collaborate can improve trust in high-risk situations, such as clinical medicine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Banerji, Christopher R. S. and Chakraborti, Tapabrata and Ismail, Aya Abdelsalam and Ostmann, Florian and MacArthur, Ben D.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00618-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {32-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Train clinical AI to reason like a team of doctors}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Against the odds: 12 women who beat bias to succeed in science. NATURE, 639(8053), 29-31. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A book deftly highlights how women have been considered unsuitable as researchers for reasons other than their ability and commitment. A book deftly highlights how women have been considered unsuitable as researchers for reasons other than their ability and commitment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ferry, Georgina}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00617-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {29-31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Against the odds: 12 women who beat bias to succeed in science}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The science of shopping addiction: What makes people buy loads of stuff?. NATURE, 639(8053), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From China to Brazil to Germany, huge numbers of people are addicted to shopping, driven in part by companies that use gaming strategies. From China to Brazil to Germany, huge numbers of people are addicted to shopping, driven in part by companies that use gaming strategies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marris, Emma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00615-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The science of shopping addiction: What makes people buy loads of stuff?}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How much energy will AI really consume? the good, the bad and the unknown. NATURE, 639(8053), 22-24. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers want firms to be more transparent about the electricity demands of artificial intelligence. Researchers want firms to be more transparent about the electricity demands of artificial intelligence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Sophia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00616-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {22-24}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How much energy will AI really consume? the good, the bad and the unknown}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We moved a conference halfway around the globe to avoid visa discrimination. NATURE, 639(8053), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Event organizers often overlook the visa-related difficulties that researchers in low- and middle-income countries face. This must change. Event organizers often overlook the visa-related difficulties that researchers in low- and middle-income countries face. This must change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hanson, Kara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00614-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {3}, number = {8053}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We moved a conference halfway around the globe to avoid visa discrimination}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stories of people, past, present and future: Books in brief. NATURE, 639(8053), 31. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00555-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stories of people, past, present and future: Books in brief}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Iconic ocean-current system is safe from climate collapse ― for now. NATURE, 639(8053), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {But even a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could have grave consequences worldwide. But even a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could have grave consequences worldwide.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00551-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Iconic ocean-current system is safe from climate collapse ― for now}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Slime’ keeps the brain safe ― and could guard against ageing. NATURE, 639(8053), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Slippery proteins in the brain’s blood vessels form a protective barrier that breaks down with age, studies in mice show. Slippery proteins in the brain’s blood vessels form a protective barrier that breaks down with age, studies in mice show.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00554-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Slime’ keeps the brain safe ― and could guard against ageing}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NIH turmoil sparks anxiety over future of its global grants. NATURE, 639(8053), 18-19. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are concerned about whether the US National Institutes of Health will continue to fund international projects. Researchers are concerned about whether the US National Institutes of Health will continue to fund international projects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti and Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00595-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {18-19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NIH turmoil sparks anxiety over future of its global grants}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a junk-food splurge can change your brain activity. NATURE, 639(8053), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A short bout of indulgence in fatty, sugary snacks leads to lingering brain-activity changes ― even if it does not cause weight gain. A short bout of indulgence in fatty, sugary snacks leads to lingering brain-activity changes ― even if it does not cause weight gain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00549-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a junk-food splurge can change your brain activity}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US pulls back from gold-standard scientific climate panel. NATURE, 639(8053), 17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Trump officials bar NASA climate scientist from international meeting, and the space agency shuts down a team supporting the next global climate assessment. Trump officials bar NASA climate scientist from international meeting, and the space agency shuts down a team supporting the next global climate assessment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00596-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US pulls back from gold-standard scientific climate panel}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Breast cancer is on the rise: Data reveal drastic gap in survival rates. NATURE, 639(8053), 16. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lack of screening and limited treatment options mean that low- and middle-income countries face higher death rates despite having fewer cases than wealthier nations. Lack of screening and limited treatment options mean that low- and middle-income countries face higher death rates despite having fewer cases than wealthier nations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00265-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {16}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Breast cancer is on the rise: Data reveal drastic gap in survival rates}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What sparked the COVID pandemic? mounting evidence points to raccoon dogs. NATURE, 639(8053), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {More than five years on, studies suggest the animal is the most likely culprit, but other candidates haven’t been ruled out. More than five years on, studies suggest the animal is the most likely culprit, but other candidates haven’t been ruled out.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00426-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What sparked the COVID pandemic? mounting evidence points to raccoon dogs}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Postdocs and PhD students hit hard by trump’s crackdown on science. NATURE, 639(8053), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As US federal grants remain frozen and budget cuts loom, anxiety and fear grip early-career researchers. As US federal grants remain frozen and budget cuts loom, anxiety and fear grip early-career researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi and Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00550-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Postdocs and PhD students hit hard by trump’s crackdown on science}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lhasa′s rocks reveal an australian birthplace. NATURE, 639(8053), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Granite from the chunk of Earth’s crust called the Lhasa terrane did not come from India, as had previously been thought, but from much further afield. Granite from the chunk of Earth’s crust called the Lhasa terrane did not come from India, as had previously been thought, but from much further afield.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00577-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lhasa′s rocks reveal an australian birthplace}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Our galaxy’s central black hole puts on a fireworks show. NATURE, 639(8053), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The James Webb Space Telescope uncovered repeated flares from the supermassive object called Sagittarius A*. The James Webb Space Telescope uncovered repeated flares from the supermassive object called Sagittarius A*.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00578-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Our galaxy’s central black hole puts on a fireworks show}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Take me home, country toads. NATURE, 639(8053), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cane toads have remarkable navigation abilities, even when their sense of smell and magnetic-sensory systems are compromised. Cane toads have remarkable navigation abilities, even when their sense of smell and magnetic-sensory systems are compromised.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00579-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Take me home, country toads}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Just a smidgen of yellow-fever vaccine is enough. NATURE, 639(8053), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The standard protective dose is almost 14,000 units, but even 500 units raises antibody levels sufficiently to do the job. The standard protective dose is almost 14,000 units, but even 500 units raises antibody levels sufficiently to do the job.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00580-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Just a smidgen of yellow-fever vaccine is enough}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump 2.0: An assault on science anywhere is an assault on science everywhere. NATURE, 639(8053), 7-8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {US President Donald Trump is taking a wrecking ball to science and to international institutions. The global research community must take a stand against these attacks. US President Donald Trump is taking a wrecking ball to science and to international institutions. The global research community must take a stand against these attacks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00562-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8053}, pages = {7-8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump 2.0: An assault on science anywhere is an assault on science everywhere}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: High fatigue resistance in a titanium alloy via near-void-free 3D printing. NATURE, 638(8052), E48. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qu, Zhan and Zhang, Zhenjun and Liu, Rui and Xu, Ling and Zhang, Yining and Li, Xiaotao and Zhao, Zhenkai and Duan, Qiqiang and Wang, Shaogang and Li, Shujun and Ma, Yingjie and Shao, Xiaohong and Yang, Rui and Eckert, Jürgen and Ritchie, Robert O. and Zhang, Zhefeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08641-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E48}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: High fatigue resistance in a titanium alloy via near-void-free 3D printing}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A map of the rubisco biochemical landscape. NATURE, 638(8052), E47. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prywes, Noam and Phillips, Naiya R. and Oltrogge, Luke M. and Lindner, Sebastian and Taylor-Kearney, Leah J. and Tsai, Yi-Chin Candace and de Pins, Benoit and Cowan, Aidan E. and Chang, Hana A. and Wang, Renée Z. and Hall, Laina N. and Bellieny-Rabelo, Daniel and Nisonoff, Hunter M. and Weissman, Rachel F. and Flamholz, Avi I. and Ding, David and Bhatt, Abhishek Y. and Mueller-Cajar, Oliver and Shih, Patrick M. and Milo, Ron and Savage, David F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08707-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A map of the rubisco biochemical landscape}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19. NATURE, 638(8052), E46. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Soyoung and Yu, Yong and Trimpert, Jakob and Benthani, Fahad and Mairhofer, Mario and Richter-Pechanska, Paulina and Wyler, Emanuel and Belenki, Dimitri and Kaltenbrunner, Sabine and Pammer, Maria and Kausche, Lea and Firsching, Theresa C. and Dietert, Kristina and Schotsaert, Michael and Martínez-Romero, Carles and Singh, Gagandeep and Kunz, Séverine and Niemeyer, Daniela and Ghanem, Riad and Salzer, Helmut J. F. and Paar, Christian and Mülleder, Michael and Uccellini, Melissa and Michaelis, Edward G. and Khan, Amjad and Lau, Andrea and Schönlein, Martin and Habringer, Anna and Tomasits, Josef and Adler, Julia M. and Kimeswenger, Susanne and Gruber, Achim D. and Hoetzenecker, Wolfram and Steinkellner, Herta and Purfürst, Bettina and Motz, Reinhard and Di Pierro, Francesco and Lamprecht, Bernd and Osterrieder, Nikolaus and Landthaler, Markus and Drosten, Christian and García-Sastre, Adolfo and Langer, Rupert and Ralser, Markus and Eils, Roland and Reimann, Maurice and Fan, Dorothy N. Y. and Schmitt, Clemens A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08718-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E46}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: GZMK-expressing CD8+ t cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases. NATURE, 638(8052), E45. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lan, Feng and Li, Jizhou and Miao, Wenxuan and Sun, Fei and Duan, Su and Song, Yabing and Yao, Jiacheng and Wang, Xiangdong and Wang, Chengshuo and Liu, Xin and Wang, Jianbin and Zhang, Luo and Qi, Hai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08712-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: GZMK-expressing CD8+ t cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Causal claims, causal assumptions and protected area impact. NATURE, 638(8052), E42-E44. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brodie, Jedediah F. and Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan and Chen, Cheng and Wearn, Oliver R. and Deith, Mairin C. M. and Ball, James G. C. and Slade, Eleanor M. and Burslem, David F. R. P. and Teoh, Shu Woan and Williams, Peter J. and Nguyen, An and Moore, Jonathan H. and Goetz, Scott J. and Burns, Patrick and Jantz, Patrick and Hakkenberg, Christopher R. and Kaszta, Zaneta and Cushman, Sam and Coomes, David and Helmy, Olga E. and Reynolds, Glen and Rodríguez, Jon Paul and Jetz, Walter and Luskin, Matthew Scott}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08513-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E42-E44}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Causal claims, causal assumptions and protected area impact}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Causal claims, causal assumptions and protected area impact. NATURE, 638(8052), E40-E41. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Geldmann, Jonas and Jones, Julia P. G. and Wauchope, Hannah and Ferraro, Paul J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08512-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E40-E41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Causal claims, causal assumptions and protected area impact}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Streamflow shifts with declining snowfall. NATURE, 638(8052), E38-E39. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Han, Juntai and Liu, Ziwei and Yang, Yuting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08524-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E38-E39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Streamflow shifts with declining snowfall}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Streamflow shifts with declining snowfall. NATURE, 638(8052), E35-E37. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berghuijs, Wouter R. and Hale, Kate}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08523-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {E35-E37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Streamflow shifts with declining snowfall}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chasing wildcats with my daughter. NATURE, 638(8052), 1144. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mariola Sánchez-Cerdá works to track the elusive European wildcat’s movements and habits. Mariola Sánchez-Cerdá works to track the elusive European wildcat’s movements and habits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mellone, Ugo}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00570-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1144}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chasing wildcats with my daughter}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PhD scientists who forged a career off the beaten track. NATURE, 638(8052), 1139-1141. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {These seven scientists escaped big-city life after completing their PhDs. Here’s how they make it work. These seven scientists escaped big-city life after completing their PhDs. Here’s how they make it work.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Burke, Katie L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00569-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1139-1141}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PhD scientists who forged a career off the beaten track}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The sequence–structure–function relationship of intrinsic ERα disorder. NATURE, 638(8052), 1130-1138. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The oestrogen receptor (ER or ERα), a nuclear hormone receptor that drives most breast cancer1, is commonly activated by phosphorylation at serine 118 within its intrinsically disordered N-terminal transactivation domain2,3. Although this modification enables oestrogen-independent ER function, its mechanism has remained unclear despite ongoing clinical trials of kinase inhibitors targeting this region4–6. By integration of small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with functional studies, we show that serine 118 phosphorylation triggers an unexpected expansion of the disordered domain and disrupts specific hydrophobic clustering between two aromatic-rich regions. Mutations mimicking this disruption rescue ER transcriptional activity, target-gene expression and cell growth impaired by a phosphorylation-deficient S118A mutation. These findings, driven by hydrophobic interactions, extend beyond electrostatic models and provide mechanistic insights into intrinsically disordered proteins7, with implications for other nuclear receptors8. This fundamental sequence–structure–function relationship advances our understanding of intrinsic ER disorder, crucial for developing targeted breast cancer therapeutics. Serine 118 phosphorylation drives conformational changes through the disruption of hydrophobic interactions between aromatic-rich clusters, showing how hydrophobic mutations can restore oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Du, Zhanwen and Wang, Han and Luo, Shuqi and Yun, Zixi and Wu, Chen and Yang, Wangfei and Buck, Matthias and Zheng, Wenwei and Hansen, Alexandar L. and Kao, Hung-Ying and Yang, Sichun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08400-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1130-1138}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The sequence–structure–function relationship of intrinsic ERα disorder}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA control of reverse transcription in a diversity-generating retroelement. NATURE, 638(8052), 1122-1129. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create massive protein sequence variation (up to 1030)1 in ecologically diverse microorganisms. A recent survey identified around 31,000 DGRs from more than 1,500 bacterial and archaeal genera, constituting more than 90 environment types2. DGRs are especially enriched in the human gut microbiome2,3 and nano-sized microorganisms that seem to comprise most microbial life and maintain DGRs despite reduced genomes4,5. DGRs are also implicated in the emergence of multicellularity6,7. Variation occurs during reverse transcription of a protein-encoding RNA template coupled to misincorporation at adenosines. In the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR, the template must be surrounded by upstream and downstream RNA segments for complementary DNA synthesis to be carried out by a complex of the DGR reverse transcriptase bRT and associated protein Avd. The function of the surrounding RNA was unknown. Here we show through cryogenic electron microscopy that this RNA envelops bRT and lies over the barrel-shaped Avd, forming an intimate ribonucleoprotein. An abundance of essential interactions in the ribonucleoprotein precisely position an RNA homoduplex in the bRT active site for initiation of reverse transcription. Our results explain how the surrounding RNA primes complementary DNA synthesis, promotes processivity, terminates polymerization and strictly limits mutagenesis to specific proteins through mechanisms that are probably conserved in DGRs belonging to distant taxa. This study presents cryogenic electron microscopy structural analysis of a diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) reverse transcription system from Bordetella bacteriophage, with results indicating that RNA surrounding the template controls reverse transcription through mechanisms that are conserved across distant taxa.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Handa, Sumit and Biswas, Tapan and Chakraborty, Jeet and Ghosh, Gourisankar and Paul, Blair G. and Ghosh, Partho}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08405-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1122-1129}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA control of reverse transcription in a diversity-generating retroelement}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Targeting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis. NATURE, 638(8052), 1112-1121. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Identifying phase-separated structures remains challenging, and effective intervention methods are currently lacking1. Here we screened for phase-separated proteins in breast tumour cells and identified forkhead (FKH) box protein M1 (FOXM1) as the most prominent candidate. Oncogenic FOXM1 underwent liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) with FKH consensus DNA element, and compartmentalized the transcription apparatus in the nucleus, thereby sustaining chromatin accessibility and super-enhancer landscapes crucial for tumour metastatic outgrowth. Screening an epigenetics compound library identified AMPK agonists as suppressors of FOXM1 condensation. AMPK phosphorylated FOXM1 in the intrinsically disordered region (IDR), perturbing condensates, reducing oncogenic transcription, accumulating double-stranded DNA to stimulate innate immune responses, and endowing discrete FOXM1 with the ability to activate immunogenicity-related gene expressions. By developing a genetic code-expansion orthogonal system, we demonstrated that a phosphoryl moiety at a specific IDR1 site causes electrostatic repulsion, thereby abolishing FOXM1 LLPS and aggregation. A peptide targeting IDR1 and carrying the AMPK-phosphorylated residue was designed to disrupt FOXM1 LLPS and was shown to inhibit tumour malignancy, rescue tumour immunogenicity and improve tumour immunotherapy. Together, these findings provide novel and in-depth insights on function and mechanism of FOXM1 and develop methodologies that hold promising implications in clinics. The transcription factor FOXM1 forms functional condensates, the formation of which can be targeted with a specific peptide to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Feng and Zhou, Xiaoxue and Ran, Yu and Li, Ran and Zou, Jing and Wan, Shiyun and Su, Peng and Meng, Xuli and Yan, Haiyan and Lu, Huasong and Ru, Heng and Hu, Hai and Mao, Zhengwei and Yang, Bing and Zhou, Fangfang and Zhang, Long}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08421-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1112-1121}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Targeting FOXM1 condensates reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). SKI complex loss renders 9p21.3-deleted or MSI-H cancers dependent on PELO. NATURE, 638(8052), 1104-1111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer genome alterations often lead to vulnerabilities that can be used to selectively target cancer cells. Various inhibitors of such synthetic lethal targets have been approved by the FDA or are in clinical trials, highlighting the potential of this approach1–3. Here we analysed large-scale CRISPR knockout screening data from the Cancer Dependency Map and identified a new synthetic lethal target, PELO, for two independent molecular subtypes of cancer: biallelic deletion of chromosomal region 9p21.3 or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). In 9p21.3-deleted cancers, PELO dependency emerges from biallelic deletion of the 9p21.3 gene FOCAD, a stabilizer of the superkiller complex (SKIc). In MSI-H cancers, PELO is required owing to MSI-H-associated mutations in TTC37 (also known as SKIC3), a critical component of the SKIc. We show that both cancer subtypes converge to destabilize the SKIc, which extracts mRNA from stalled ribosomes. In SKIc-deficient cells, PELO depletion induces the unfolded protein response, a stress response to accumulation of misfolded or unfolded nascent polypeptides. Together, our findings indicate PELO as a promising therapeutic target for a large patient population with cancers characterized as MSI-H with deleterious TTC37 mutations or with biallelic 9p21.3 deletions involving FOCAD. Analysis of large-scale CRISPR screening data, combined with experiments in patient-derived tumour organoid models, identifies PELO as a potential therapeutic target in chromosomal 9p21.3-deleted cancers and microsatellite-unstable cancers harbouring specific mutations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Borck, Patricia C. and Boyle, Isabella and Jankovic, Kristina and Bick, Nolan and Foster, Kyla and Lau, Anthony C. and Parker-Burns, Lucy I. and Lubicki, Daniel A. and Li, Tianxia and Borah, Ashir A. and Lofaso, Nicholas J. and Das Sharma, Sohani and Chan, Tessla and Kishen, Riya V. and Adeagbo, Anisah and Raghavan, Srivatsan and Aquilanti, Elisa and Prensner, John R. and Krill-Burger, J. Michael and Golub, Todd R. and Campbell, Catarina D. and Dempster, Joshua M. and Chan, Edmond M. and Vazquez, Francisca}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08509-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1104-1111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {SKI complex loss renders 9p21.3-deleted or MSI-H cancers dependent on PELO}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthetic lethality of mRNA quality control complexes in cancer. NATURE, 638(8052), 1095-1103. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Synthetic lethality exploits the genetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells to enable a targeted, precision approach to treat cancer1. Over the past 15 years, synthetic lethal cancer target discovery approaches have led to clinical successes of PARP inhibitors2 and ushered several next-generation therapeutic targets such as WRN3, USP14, PKMYT15, POLQ6 and PRMT57 into the clinic. Here we identify, in human cancer, a novel synthetic lethal interaction between the PELO–HBS1L and SKI complexes of the mRNA quality control pathway. In distinct genetic contexts, including 9p21.3-deleted and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) tumours, we found that phenotypically destabilized SKI complex leads to dependence on the PELO–HBS1L ribosomal rescue complex. PELO–HBS1L and SKI complex synthetic lethality alters the normal cell cycle and drives the unfolded protein response through the activation of IRE1, as well as robust tumour growth inhibition. Our results indicate that PELO and HBS1L represent novel therapeutic targets whose dependence converges upon SKI complex destabilization, a common phenotypic biomarker in diverse genetic contexts representing a significant population of patients with cancer. PELO–HBS1L and SKI complexes in the human mRNA quality control pathway exhibit a synthetic lethal interaction and may represent novel targets for the development of cancer therapies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prindle, Vivian and Richardson, Adam E. and Sher, Kimberly R. and Kongpachith, Sarah and Kentala, Kaitlin and Petiwala, Sakina and Cheng, Dong and Widomski, Deborah and Le, Phuong and Torrent, Maricel and Chen, Anlu and Walker, Stephen and Palczewski, Marianne B. and Mitra, Diya and Manaves, Vlasios and Shi, Xu and Lu, Charles and Sandoval, Stephanie and Dezso, Zoltan and Buchanan, F. Gregory and Verduzco, Daniel and Bierie, Brian and Meulbroek, Jonathan A. and Pappano, William N. and Plotnik, Joshua P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08398-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1095-1103}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthetic lethality of mRNA quality control complexes in cancer}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A cell atlas foundation model for scalable search of similar human cells. NATURE, 638(8052), 1085-1094. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Single-cell RNA sequencing has profiled hundreds of millions of human cells across organs, diseases, development and perturbations to date. Mining these growing atlases could reveal cell–disease associations, identify cell states in unexpected tissue contexts and relate in vivo biology to in vitro models. These require a common measure of cell similarity across the body and an efficient way to search. Here we develop SCimilarity, a metric-learning framework to learn a unified and interpretable representation that enables rapid queries of tens of millions of cell profiles from diverse studies for cells that are transcriptionally similar to an input cell profile or state. We use SCimilarity to query a 23.4-million-cell atlas of 412 single-cell RNA-sequencing studies for macrophage and fibroblast profiles from interstitial lung disease1 and reveal similar cell profiles across other fibrotic diseases and tissues. The top scoring in vitro hit for the macrophage query was a 3D hydrogel system2, which we experimentally demonstrated reproduces this cell state. SCimilarity serves as a foundation model for single-cell profiles that enables researchers to query for similar cellular states across the human body, providing a powerful tool for generating biological insights from the Human Cell Atlas. In a 23.4-million-cell atlas of 412 single-cell RNA-sequencing studies, SCimilarity query of macrophage and fibroblast profiles from interstitial lung disease reveals similar cell profiles across other fibrotic diseases and tissues.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heimberg, Graham and Kuo, Tony and DePianto, Daryle J. and Salem, Omar and Heigl, Tobias and Diamant, Nathaniel and Scalia, Gabriele and Biancalani, Tommaso and Turley, Shannon J. and Rock, Jason R. and Corrada Bravo, Héctor and Kaminker, Josh and Vander Heiden, Jason A. and Regev, Aviv}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08411-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1085-1094}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A cell atlas foundation model for scalable search of similar human cells}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 638(8052), 1076-1084. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are de novo ectopic lymphoid aggregates that regulate immunity in chronically inflamed tissues, including tumours. Although TLSs form due to inflammation-triggered activation of the lymphotoxin (LT)–LTβ receptor (LTβR) pathway1, the inflammatory signals and cells that induce TLSs remain incompletely identified. Here we show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), the alarmin released by inflamed tissues2, induces TLSs. In mice, Il33 deficiency severely attenuates inflammation- and LTβR-activation-induced TLSs in models of colitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In PDAC, the alarmin domain of IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing LT that engage putative LTβR+ myeloid organizer cells to initiate tertiary lymphoneogenesis. Notably, lymphoneogenic ILC2s migrate to PDACs from the gut, can be mobilized to PDACs in different tissues and are modulated by gut microbiota. Furthermore, we detect putative lymphoneogenic ILC2s and IL-33-expressing cells within TLSs in human PDAC that correlate with improved prognosis. To harness this lymphoneogenic pathway for immunotherapy, we engineer a recombinant human IL-33 protein that expands intratumoural lymphoneogenic ILC2s and TLSs and demonstrates enhanced anti-tumour activity in PDAC mice. In summary, we identify the molecules and cells of a druggable pathway that induces inflammation-triggered TLSs. More broadly, we reveal a lymphoneogenic function for alarmins and ILC2s. IL-33 induces tertiary lymphoid structures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Amisaki, Masataka and Zebboudj, Abderezak and Yano, Hiroshi and Zhang, Siqi Linsey and Payne, George and Chandra, Adrienne Kaya and Yu, Rebecca and Guasp, Pablo and Sethna, Zachary M. and Ohmoto, Akihiro and Rojas, Luis A. and Cheng, Charlotte and Waters, Theresa and Solovyov, Alexander and Martis, Stephen and Doane, Ashley S. and Reiche, Charlotte and Bruno, Emmanuel M. and Milighetti, Martina and Soares, Kevin and Odgerel, Zagaa and Moral, John Alec and Zhao, Julia N. and Gönen, Mithat and Gardner, Rui and Tumanov, Alexei V. and Khan, Abdul G. and Vergnolle, Olivia and Nyakatura, Elisabeth K. and Lorenz, Ivo C. and Baca, Manuel and Patterson, Erin and Greenbaum, Benjamin and Artis, David and Merghoub, Taha and Balachandran, Vinod P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08426-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1076-1084}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mapping cells through time and space with moscot. NATURE, 638(8052), 1065-1075. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Single-cell genomic technologies enable the multimodal profiling of millions of cells across temporal and spatial dimensions. However, experimental limitations hinder the comprehensive measurement of cells under native temporal dynamics and in their native spatial tissue niche. Optimal transport has emerged as a powerful tool to address these constraints and has facilitated the recovery of the original cellular context1–4. Yet, most optimal transport applications are unable to incorporate multimodal information or scale to single-cell atlases. Here we introduce multi-omics single-cell optimal transport (moscot), a scalable framework for optimal transport in single-cell genomics that supports multimodality across all applications. We demonstrate the capability of moscot to efficiently reconstruct developmental trajectories of 1.7 million cells from mouse embryos across 20 time points. To illustrate the capability of moscot in space, we enrich spatial transcriptomic datasets by mapping multimodal information from single-cell profiles in a mouse liver sample and align multiple coronal sections of the mouse brain. We present moscot.spatiotemporal, an approach that leverages gene-expression data across both spatial and temporal dimensions to uncover the spatiotemporal dynamics of mouse embryogenesis. We also resolve endocrine-lineage relationships of delta and epsilon cells in a previously unpublished mouse, time-resolved pancreas development dataset using paired measurements of gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Our findings are confirmed through experimental validation of NEUROD2 as a regulator of epsilon progenitor cells in a model of human induced pluripotent stem cell islet cell differentiation. Moscot is available as open-source software, accompanied by extensive documentation. Moscot is an optimal transport approach that overcomes current limitations of similar methods to enable multimodal, scalable and consistent single-cell analyses of datasets across spatial and temporal dimensions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Klein, Dominik and Palla, Giovanni and Lange, Marius and Klein, Michal and Piran, Zoe and Gander, Manuel and Meng-Papaxanthos, Laetitia and Sterr, Michael and Saber, Lama and Jing, Changying and Bastidas-Ponce, Aimée and Cota, Perla and Tarquis-Medina, Marta and Parikh, Shrey and Gold, Ilan and Lickert, Heiko and Bakhti, Mostafa and Nitzan, Mor and Cuturi, Marco and Theis, Fabian J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08453-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1065-1075}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mapping cells through time and space with moscot}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Discovery and engineering of the antibody response to a prominent skin commensal. NATURE, 638(8052), 1054-1064. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ubiquitous skin colonist Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a CD8+ T cell response pre-emptively, in the absence of an infection1. However, the scope and purpose of this anticommensal immune programme are not well defined, limiting our ability to harness it therapeutically. Here, we show that this colonist also induces a potent, durable and specific antibody response that is conserved in humans and non-human primates. A series of S. epidermidis cell-wall mutants revealed that the cell surface protein Aap is a predominant target. By colonizing mice with a strain of S. epidermidis in which the parallel β-helix domain of Aap is replaced by tetanus toxin fragment C, we elicit a potent neutralizing antibody response that protects mice against a lethal challenge. A similar strain of S. epidermidis expressing an Aap-SpyCatcher chimera can be conjugated with recombinant immunogens; the resulting labelled commensal elicits high antibody titres under conditions of physiologic colonization, including a robust IgA response in the nasal and pulmonary mucosa. Thus, immunity to a common skin colonist involves a coordinated T and B cell response, the latter of which can be redirected against pathogens as a new form of topical vaccination. Staphylococcus epidermidis induces a potent, durable and specific antibody response that is conserved in humans and non-human primates, and which could be redirected against pathogens as a new form of topical vaccination.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bousbaine, Djenet and Bauman, Katherine D. and Chen, Y. Erin and Lalgudi, Pranav V. and Nguyen, Tam T. D. and Swenson, Joyce M. and Yu, Victor K. and Tsang, Eunice and Conlan, Sean and Li, David B. and Jbara, Amina and Zhao, Aishan and Naziripour, Arash and Veinbachs, Alessandra and Lee, Yu E. and Phung, Jennie L. and Dimas, Alex and Jain, Sunit and Meng, Xiandong and Pham, Thi Phuong Thao and McLaughlin, Martin I. and Barkal, Layla J. and Gribonika, Inta and Van Rompay, Koen K. A. and Kong, Heidi H. and Segre, Julia A. and Belkaid, Yasmine and Barnes, Christopher O. and Fischbach, Michael A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08489-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1054-1064}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Discovery and engineering of the antibody response to a prominent skin commensal}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host–microbiota interactions. NATURE, 638(8052), 1043-1053. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The microbiota colonizes each barrier site and broadly controls host physiology1. However, when uncontrolled, microbial colonists can also promote inflammation and induce systemic infection2. The unique strategies used at each barrier tissue to control the coexistence of the host with its microbiota remain largely elusive. Here we uncover that, in the skin, host–microbiota symbiosis depends on the ability of the skin to act as an autonomous lymphoid organ. Notably, an encounter with a new skin commensal promotes two parallel responses, both under the control of Langerhans cells. On one hand, skin commensals induce the formation of classical germinal centres in the lymph node associated with immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 antibody responses. On the other hand, microbial colonization also leads to the development of tertiary lymphoid organs in the skin that can locally sustain IgG2b and IgG2c responses. These phenomena are supported by the ability of regulatory T cells to convert into T follicular helper cells. Skin autonomous production of antibodies is sufficient to control local microbial biomass, as well as subsequent systemic infection with the same microorganism. Collectively, these results reveal a compartmentalization of humoral responses to the microbiota allowing for control of both microbial symbiosis and potential pathogenesis. A study reveals that the skin acts as an autonomous lymphoid organ, producing antibodies to control the local biomass of the microbiota and protect against systemic infection, maintaining homeostasis between the host and its microbiota.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gribonika, Inta and Band, Victor I. and Chi, Liang and Perez-Chaparro, Paula Juliana and Link, Verena M. and Ansaldo, Eduard and Oguz, Cihan and Bousbaine, Djenet and Fischbach, Michael A. and Belkaid, Yasmine}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08376-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1043-1053}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Skin autonomous antibody production regulates host–microbiota interactions}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ensemble reactivations during brief rest drive fast learning of sequences. NATURE, 638(8052), 1034-1042. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During motor learning, breaks in practice are known to facilitate behavioural optimizations. Although this process has traditionally been studied over long breaks that last hours to days1–6, recent studies in humans have demonstrated that rapid performance gains during early motor sequence learning are most pronounced after very brief breaks lasting seconds to minutes7–10. However, the precise causal neural mechanisms that facilitate performance gains after brief breaks remain poorly understood. Here we recorded neural ensemble activity in the motor cortex of macaques while they performed a visuomotor sequence learning task interspersed with brief breaks. We found that task-related neural cofiring patterns were reactivated during brief breaks. The rate and content of reactivations predicted the magnitude and pattern of subsequent performance gains. Of note, we found that performance gains and reactivations were positively correlated with cortical ripples (80–120 Hz oscillations) but anti-correlated with β bursts (13–30 Hz oscillations), which ultimately dominated breaks after the fast learning phase plateaued. We then applied 20 Hz epidural alternating current stimulation (ACS) to motor cortex, which reduced reactivation rates in a phase-specific and dose-dependent manner. Notably, 20 Hz ACS also eliminated performance gains. Overall, our results indicate that the reactivations of task ensembles during brief breaks are causal drivers of subsequent performance gains. β bursts compete with this process, possibly to support stable performance. In macaques, motor cortex activity associated with motor learning tasks is reactivated during brief breaks between learning blocks and predicts subsequent performance gains.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Griffin, Sandon and Khanna, Preeya and Choi, Hoseok and Thiesen, Katherina and Novik, Lisa and Morecraft, Robert J. and Ganguly, Karunesh}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08414-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1034-1042}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ensemble reactivations during brief rest drive fast learning of sequences}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology. NATURE, 638(8052), 1023-1033. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuronal phenotypic traits such as morphology, connectivity and function are dictated, to a large extent, by a specific combination of differentially expressed genes. Clusters of neurons in transcriptomic space correspond to distinct cell types and in some cases—for example, Caenorhabditis elegans neurons1 and retinal ganglion cells2–4—have been shown to share morphology and function. The zebrafish optic tectum is composed of a spatial array of neurons that transforms visual inputs into motor outputs. Although the visuotopic map is continuous, subregions of the tectum are functionally specialized5,6. Here, to uncover the cell-type architecture of the tectum, we transcriptionally profiled its neurons, revealing more than 60 cell types that are organized in distinct anatomical layers. We measured the visual responses of thousands of tectal neurons by two-photon calcium imaging and matched them with their transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we characterized the morphologies of transcriptionally identified neurons using specific transgenic lines. Notably, we found that neurons that are transcriptionally similar can diverge in shape, connectivity and visual responses. Incorporating the spatial coordinates of neurons within the tectal volume revealed functionally and morphologically defined anatomical subclusters within individual transcriptomic clusters. Our findings demonstrate that extrinsic, position-dependent factors expand the phenotypic repertoire of genetically similar neurons. Transcriptomic profiling of neurons from the zebrafish optic tectum identified more than 60 cell types; functional imaging revealed that response tuning, morphology and connectivity of specific cell types vary systematically with the neurons’ positions in the tissue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shainer, Inbal and Kappel, Johannes M. and Laurell, Eva and Donovan, Joseph C. and Schneider, Martin W. and Kuehn, Enrico and Arnold-Ammer, Irene and Stemmer, Manuel and Larsch, Johannes and Baier, Herwig}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08518-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1023-1033}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of magnetoreception in turtles. NATURE, 638(8052), 1015-1022. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Growing evidence indicates that migratory animals exploit the magnetic field of the Earth for navigation, both as a compass to determine direction and as a map to determine geographical position1. It has long been proposed that, to navigate using a magnetic map, animals must learn the magnetic coordinates of the destination2,3, yet the pivotal hypothesis that animals can learn magnetic signatures of geographical areas has, to our knowledge, yet to be tested. Here we report that an iconic navigating species, the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), can learn such information. When fed repeatedly in magnetic fields replicating those that exist in particular oceanic locations, juvenile turtles learned to distinguish magnetic fields in which they encountered food from magnetic fields that exist elsewhere, an ability that might underlie foraging site fidelity. Conditioned responses in this new magnetic map assay were unaffected by radiofrequency oscillating magnetic fields, a treatment expected to disrupt radical-pair-based chemical magnetoreception4–6, suggesting that the magnetic map sense of the turtle does not rely on this mechanism. By contrast, orientation behaviour that required use of the magnetic compass was disrupted by radiofrequency oscillating magnetic fields. The findings provide evidence that two different mechanisms of magnetoreception underlie the magnetic map and magnetic compass in sea turtles. Loggerhead sea turtles, which undergo long-distance migrations, can learn magnetic signatures associated with different geographic areas and have two different magnetic senses, each based on a different underlying mechanism.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goforth, Kayla M. and Lohmann, Catherine M. F. and Gavin, Andrew and Henning, Reyco and Harvey, Andrew and Hinton, Tara L. and Lim, Dana S. and Lohmann, Kenneth J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08554-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1015-1022}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Learned magnetic map cues and two mechanisms of magnetoreception in turtles}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared avar-period culture. NATURE, 638(8052), 1007-1014. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After a long-distance migration, Avars with Eastern Asian ancestry arrived in Eastern Central Europe in 567 to 568 ce and encountered groups with very different European ancestry1,2. We used ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and fine-grained interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century ce neighbouring cemeteries south of Vienna (Austria) to address the centuries-long impact of this encounter1,2. We found that even 200 years after immigration, the ancestry at one site (Leobersdorf) remained dominantly East Asian-like, whereas the other site (Mödling) shows local, European-like ancestry. These two nearby sites show little biological relatedness, despite sharing a distinctive late-Avar culture3,4. We reconstructed six-generation pedigrees at both sites including up to 450 closely related individuals, allowing per-generation demographic profiling of the communities. Despite different ancestry, these pedigrees together with large networks of distant relatedness show absence of consanguinity, patrilineal pattern with female exogamy, multiple reproductive partnerships (for example, levirate) and direct correlation of biological connectivity with archaeological markers of social status. The generation-long genetic barrier was maintained by systematically choosing partners with similar ancestry from other sites in the Avar realm. Leobersdorf had more biological connections with the Avar heartlands than with Mödling, which is instead linked to another site from the Vienna Basin with European-like ancestry. Mobility between sites was mostly due to female exogamy pointing to different marriage networks as the main driver of the maintenance of the genetic barrier. Ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century ce neighbouring cemeteries near Vienna are used to address the impact of the encounter between Eastern Asian Avars and Europeans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Ke and Tobias, Bendeguz and Pany-Kucera, Doris and Berner, Margit and Eggers, Sabine and Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto and Zlámalová, Denisa and Gretzinger, Joscha and Ingrová, Pavlína and Rohrlach, Adam B. and Tuke, Jonathan and Traverso, Luca and Klostermann, Paul and Koger, Robin and Friedrich, Ronny and Wiltschke-Schrotta, Karin and Kirchengast, Sylvia and Liccardo, Salvatore and Wabnitz, Sandra and Vida, Tivadar and Geary, Patrick J. and Daim, Falko and Pohl, Walter and Krause, Johannes and Hofmanová, Zuzana}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08418-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1007-1014}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared avar-period culture}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Widespread occurrence and relevance of phosphate storage in foraminifera. NATURE, 638(8052), 1000-1006. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Foraminifera are ubiquitous marine protists that intracellularly accumulate phosphate1, an important macronutrient in marine ecosystems and in fertilizer potentially leaked into the ocean. Intracellular phosphate concentrations can be 100–1,000 times higher than in the surrounding water1. Here we show that phosphate storage in foraminifera is widespread, from tidal flats to the deep sea. The total amount of intracellular phosphate stored in the benthic foraminifer Ammonia confertitesta in the Wadden Sea during a bloom is as high as around 5% of the annual consumption of phosphorus (P) fertilizer in Germany. Budget calculations for the Southern North Sea and the Peruvian Oxygen Minimum Zone indicate that benthic foraminifera may buffer riverine P runoff for approximately 37 days at the Southern North Sea and for about 21 days at the Peruvian margin. This indicates that these organisms are probably relevant for marine P cycling—they potentially buffer anthropogenic eutrophication in coastal environments. Phosphate is stored as polyphosphate in cell organelles that are potentially acidocalcisomes. Their metabolic functions can range from regulation of osmotic pressure and intracellular pH to calcium and energy storage. In addition, storage of energetic P compounds, such as creatine phosphate and polyphosphate, is probably an adaptation of foraminifera to O2 depletion. Phosphate storage in foraminifera is found to be widespread, indicating that these organisms are probably relevant for marine phosphorus cycling and potentially buffer anthropogenic eutrophication in coastal environments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Glock, Nicolaas and Richirt, Julien and Woehle, Christian and Algar, Christopher and Armstrong, Maria and Eichner, Daniela and Firrincieli, Hanna and Makabe, Akiko and Govindankutty Menon, Anjaly and Ishitani, Yoshiyuki and Hackl, Thomas and Hubert-Huard, Raphaël and Kienast, Markus and Milker, Yvonne and Mutzberg, André and Ni, Sha and Okada, Satoshi and Rakshit, Subhadeep and Schmiedl, Gerhard and Steiner, Zvi and Tame, Akihiro and Zhang, Zhouling and Nomaki, Hidetaka}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08431-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {1000-1006}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Widespread occurrence and relevance of phosphate storage in foraminifera}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity. NATURE, 638(8052), 995-999. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Turnover in species composition through time is a dominant form of biodiversity change, which has profound effects on the functioning of ecological communities1–4. Turnover rates differ markedly among communities4, but the drivers of this variation across taxa and realms remain unknown. Here we analyse 42,225 time series of species composition from marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages, and show that temporal rates of turnover were consistently faster in locations that experienced faster temperature change, including both warming and cooling. In addition, assemblages with limited access to microclimate refugia or that faced stronger human impacts on land were especially responsive to temperature change, with up to 48% of species replaced per decade. These results reveal a widespread signal of vulnerability to continuing climate change and highlight which ecological communities are most sensitive, raising concerns about ecosystem integrity as climate change and other human impacts accelerate. Global-scale analyses of marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages found that temporal rates of species replacement were faster in locations with faster temperature change, including warming and cooling, and vulnerable assemblages were especially responsive.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pinsky, Malin L. and Hillebrand, Helmut and Chase, Jonathan M. and Antão, Laura H. and Hirt, Myriam R. and Brose, Ulrich and Burrows, Michael T. and Gauzens, Benoit and Rosenbaum, Benjamin and Blowes, Shane A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08456-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {995-999}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Warming and cooling catalyse widespread temporal turnover in biodiversity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Continued atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes. NATURE, 638(8052), 987-994. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), vital for northwards heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean, is projected to weaken owing to global warming1, with significant global climate impacts2. However, the extent of AMOC weakening is uncertain with wide variation across climate models1,3,4 and some statistical indicators suggesting an imminent collapse5. Here we show that the AMOC is resilient to extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings across 34 climate models. Upwelling in the Southern Ocean, driven by persistent Southern Ocean winds, sustains a weakened AMOC in all cases, preventing its complete collapse. As Southern Ocean upwelling must be balanced by downwelling in the Atlantic or Pacific, the AMOC can only collapse if a compensating Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC) develops. Remarkably, a PMOC does emerge in almost all models, but it is too weak to balance all of the Southern Ocean upwelling, suggesting that an AMOC collapse is unlikely this century. Our findings reveal AMOC-stabilizing mechanisms with implications for past and future AMOC changes, and hence for ecosystems and ocean biogeochemistry. They suggest that better understanding and estimates of the Southern Ocean and Indo-Pacific circulations are urgently needed to accurately predict future AMOC change. Climate models suggest that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is unlikely to collapse this century, owing to stabilization from wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baker, J. A. and Bell, M. J. and Jackson, L. C. and Vallis, G. K. and Watson, A. J. and Wood, R. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08544-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {987-994}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Continued atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Total synthesis of 25 picrotoxanes by virtual library selection. NATURE, 638(8052), 980-986. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The synthesis of a complex molecule begins from an initial design stage1–4 in which possible routes are triaged by strategy and feasibility, on the basis of analogy to similar reactions2,3. However, as molecular complexity increases, predictability decreases5; inevitably, even experienced chemists resort to trial and error to identify viable intermediates en route to the target molecule. We encountered such a problem in the synthesis of picrotoxane sesquiterpenes in which pattern-recognition methods anticipated success, but small variations in structure led to failure. Here, to solve this problem but avoid tedious guess-and-check experimentation, we built a virtual library of elusive late-stage intermediate analogues that were triaged by reactivity and altered the synthesis pathway. The efficiency of this method led to concise routes to 25 naturally occurring picrotoxanes. Costly density-functional-theory transition-state calculations were replaced with faster reactant parameterizations to increase scalability and, in this case, inform the mechanism. This approach can serve as an add-on search to human or computer-assisted synthesis planning applicable to high-complexity targets and/or steps with little representation in the literature or reaction databases. Concise routes to 25 naturally occurring picrotoxanes were devised using a virtual library of intermediate analogues triaged by reactivity; this approach can overcome challenges in the use of computers for synthesis design.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Chunyu and Shenvi, Ryan A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08538-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {980-986}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Total synthesis of 25 picrotoxanes by virtual library selection}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thermal Ca2+/Mg2+ exchange reactions to synthesize CO2 removal materials. NATURE, 638(8052), 972-979. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Most current strategies for carbon management require CO2 removal (CDR) from the atmosphere on the multi-hundred gigatonne (Gt) scale by 2100 (refs. 1–5). Mg-rich silicate minerals can remove >105 Gt CO2 and sequester it as stable and innocuous carbonate minerals or dissolved bicarbonate ions3,6,7. However, the reaction rates of these minerals under ambient conditions are far too slow for practical use. Here we show that CaCO3 and CaSO4 react quantitatively with diverse Mg-rich silicates (for example, olivine, serpentine and augite) under thermochemical conditions to form Ca2SiO4 and MgO. On exposure to ambient air under wet conditions, Ca2SiO4 is converted to CaCO3 and silicic acid, and MgO is partially converted into a Mg carbonate within weeks, whereas the input Mg silicate shows no reactivity over 6 months. Alternatively, Ca2SiO4 and MgO can be completely carbonated to CaCO3 and Mg(HCO3)2 under 1 atm CO2 at ambient temperature within hours. Using CaCO3 as the Ca source, this chemistry enables a CDR process in which the output Ca2SiO4/MgO material is used to remove CO2 from air or soil and the CO2 process emissions are sequestered. Analysis of the energy requirements indicates that this process could require less than 1 MWh per tonne CO2 removed, approximately half the energy of CO2 capture with leading direct air capture technologies. The chemistry described here could unlock Mg-rich silicates as a vast resource for safe and permanent CDR. Reactions of Mg-rich silicates with calcium carbonates/sulfates result in the formation of materials that could potentially be used for low-cost carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Yuxuan and Kanan, Matthew W.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08499-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {972-979}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thermal Ca2+/Mg2+ exchange reactions to synthesize CO2 removal materials}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A lightweight shape-memory alloy with superior temperature-fluctuation resistance. NATURE, 638(8052), 965-971. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In advanced applications such as aerospace and space exploration, materials must balance lightness, functionality and extreme thermal fluctuation resistance1,2. Shape-memory alloys show promise with strength, toughness and substantial strain recovery due to superelasticity, but maintaining low mass and effective operation at cryogenic temperatures is challenging3–6. We hereby introduce a new shape-memory alloy that adheres to these stringent criteria. Predominantly composed of Ti and Al with a chemical composition of Ti75.25Al20Cr4.75, this alloy is characterized by a low density (4.36 × 103 kg m−3) and a high specific strength (185 × 103 Pa m3 per kg) at room temperature, while showing excellent superelasticity. The superelasticity, owing to a reversible stress-induced phase transformation from an ordered body-centred cubic parent phase to an ordered orthorhombic martensite, allows for a recoverable strain exceeding 7%. This functionality persists across a broad range of temperatures, from deep cryogenic 4.2 K to above room temperature, arising from an unconventional temperature dependence of transformation stresses. Below a certain threshold during cooling, the critical transformation stress inversely correlates with temperature. We interpret this behaviour from the perspective of a temperature-dependent anomalous lattice instability of the parent phase. This alloy holds potential in everyday appliances requiring flexible strain accommodation, as well as components designed for extreme environmental conditions such as deep space and liquefied gases. A Ti–Al-based shape-memory alloy adhering to the stringent criteria of lightness, functionality and extreme thermal fluctuation resistance is introduced, showing excellent superelasticity with a recoverable strain exceeding 7% and an ultra-wide temperature window from 4.2 K to 400 K.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Yuxin and Xu, Sheng and Sato, Shunsuke and Lee, Inho and Xu, Xiao and Omori, Toshihiro and Nagasako, Makoto and Kawasaki, Takuro and Kiyanagi, Ryoji and Harjo, Stefanus and Gong, Wu and Grabec, Tomáš and Stoklasová, Pavla and Kainuma, Ryosuke}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08583-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {965-971}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A lightweight shape-memory alloy with superior temperature-fluctuation resistance}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hypotaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal transition metal dichalcogenides. NATURE, 638(8052), 957-964. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, particularly transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are promising for advanced electronics beyond silicon1–3. Traditionally, TMDs are epitaxially grown on crystalline substrates by chemical vapour deposition. However, this approach requires post-growth transfer to target substrates, which makes controlling thickness and scalability difficult. Here we introduce a method called hypotaxy (‘hypo’ meaning downward and ‘taxy’ meaning arrangement), which enables wafer-scale single-crystal TMD growth directly on various substrates, including amorphous and lattice-mismatched substrates, while preserving crystalline alignment with an overlying 2D template. By sulfurizing or selenizing a pre-deposited metal film under graphene, aligned TMD nuclei form, coalescing into a single-crystal film as graphene is removed. This method achieves precise MoS2 thickness control from monolayer to hundreds of layers on diverse substrates, producing 4-inch single-crystal MoS2 with high thermal conductivity (about 120 W m−1 K−1) and mobility (around 87 cm2 V−1 s−1). Furthermore, nanopores created in graphene using oxygen plasma treatment allow MoS2 growth at a lower temperature of 400 °C, compatible with back-end-of-line processes. This hypotaxy approach extends to other TMDs, such as MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2, offering a solution to substrate limitations in conventional epitaxy and enabling wafer-scale TMDs for monolithic three-dimensional integration. A new method ‘hypotaxy’ enables wafer-scale, single-crystal transition metal dichalcogenides growth directly on crystalline, lattice-mismatched and amorphous substrates.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moon, Donghoon and Lee, Wonsik and Lim, Chaesung and Kim, Jinwoo and Kim, Jiwoo and Jung, Yeonjoon and Choi, Hyun-Young and Choi, Won Seok and Kim, Hangyel and Baek, Ji-Hwan and Kim, Changheon and Joo, Jaewoong and Oh, Hyun-Geun and Jang, Hajung and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Bae, Sukang and Son, Jangyup and Ryu, Huije and Kwon, Junyoung and Cheong, Hyeonsik and Han, Jeong Woo and Jang, Hyejin and Lee, Gwan-Hyoung}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08492-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {957-964}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hypotaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal transition metal dichalcogenides}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Perovskite heteroepitaxy for high-efficiency and stable pure-red LEDs. NATURE, 638(8052), 949-956. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ultrasmall CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are the most promising candidates for realizing efficient and stable pure-red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs)1–5. However, it is challenging for ultrasmall CsPbI3 QDs to retain their solution-phase properties when they assemble into conductive films, greatly hindering their device application3,6. Here we report an approach for in situ deposit stabilized ultrasmall CsPbI3 QD conductive solids, by constructing CsPbI3 QD/quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite heteroepitaxy. The well-aligned periodic array of edge-oriented ligands at heterointerface triggers a substantial octahedral tilting in a critical layer thickness of CsPbI3 QDs, which heightens the Gibbs free energy difference between the tilted-CsPbI3 and δ-CsPbI3 leading to thermodynamic stabilization of CsPbI3 QDs. The approach allows us to fabricate stabilized CsPbI3 QD conductive films with tunable emission covering the entire red spectral region from 600 nm to 710 nm. Here we report the pure-red PeLEDs with narrow electroluminescence peak centred at 630 nm, matching the Rec. 2100 standard for ultrahigh-definition display. The champion device exhibits a certified external quantum efficiency of 24.6% and a half-lifetime of 6,330 min, ranking as one of the most efficient and stable pure-red PeLED reported to date. The approach is also compatible with large-area manufacturing, enabling 1 cm2 PeLED to exhibit the best external quantum efficiency of 20.5% at 630 nm. A heteroepitaxial-strain-based strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite quantum dots for spectrally narrow (pure) red LEDs is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wei, Keyu and Zhou, Tong and Jiang, Yuanzhi and Sun, Changjiu and Liu, Yulong and Li, Saisai and Liu, Siyu and Fu, Xinliang and Hu, Cejun and Tian, Shun and Yang, Yingguo and Fu, Xuewen and AlMasoud, Najla and Qaid, Saif M. H. and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja and Hsu, Hsien-Yi and Li, Wen-Di and Kim, Ji Tae and Long, Run and Zhang, Wei and Chen, Jun and Yuan, Mingjian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08503-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {949-956}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Perovskite heteroepitaxy for high-efficiency and stable pure-red LEDs}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Modulated ringdown comb interferometry for sensing of highly complex gases. NATURE, 638(8052), 941-948. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Gas samples relevant to health1–3 and the environment4–6 typically contain many molecular species that span a huge concentration dynamic range. Mid-infrared frequency comb spectroscopy with high-finesse cavity enhancement has allowed the most sensitive multispecies trace-gas detections so far2,7–13. However, the robust performance of this technique depends critically on ensuring absorption-path-length enhancement over a broad spectral coverage, which is severely limited by comb–cavity frequency mismatch if strongly absorbing compounds are present. Here we introduce modulated ringdown comb interferometry, a technique that resolves the vulnerability of comb–cavity enhancement to strong intracavity absorption or dispersion. This technique works by measuring ringdown dynamics carried by massively parallel comb lines transmitted through a length-modulated cavity, making use of both the periodicity of the field dynamics and the Doppler frequency shifts introduced from a Michelson interferometer. As a demonstration, we measure highly dispersive exhaled human breath samples and ambient air in the mid-infrared with finesse improved to 23,000 and coverage to 1,010 cm−1. Such a product of finesse and spectral coverage is orders of magnitude better than all previous demonstrations2,7–20, enabling us to simultaneously quantify 20 distinct molecular species at above 1-part-per-trillion sensitivity varying in concentrations by seven orders of magnitude. This technique unlocks next-generation sensing performance for complex and dynamic molecular compositions, with scalable improvement to both finesse and spectral coverage. A new optical technique, modulated ringdown comb interferometry, is introduced for measuring the concentration of gas species in a complex sample and its efficacy demonstrated using exhaled human breath and ambient air in the mid-infrared.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liang, Qizhong and Bisht, Apoorva and Scheck, Andrew and Schunemann, Peter G. and Ye, Jun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08534-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {941-948}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Modulated ringdown comb interferometry for sensing of highly complex gases}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Signatures of ambient pressure superconductivity in thin film La3Ni2O7. NATURE, 638(8052), 935-940. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recently, the bilayer nickelate La3Ni2O7 has been discovered as a new superconductor with transition temperature Tc near 80 K under high pressure1–3. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental work to understand the nature of its superconductivity4–29, the requirement of extreme pressure restricts the use of many experimental probes and limits its application potential. Here we present signatures of superconductivity in La3Ni2O7 thin films at ambient pressure, facilitated by the application of epitaxial compressive strain. The onset Tc varies roughly from 26 to 42 K, with higher Tc values correlating with smaller in-plane lattice constants. We observed the co-existence of other Ruddlesden–Popper phases within the films and dependence of transport behaviour with ozone annealing, suggesting that the observed low zero resistance Tc of around 2 K can be attributed to stacking defects, grain boundaries and oxygen stoichiometry. This finding initiates numerous opportunities to stabilize and study superconductivity in bilayer nickelates at ambient pressure, and to facilitate the broad understanding of the ever-growing number of high temperature and unconventional superconductors in the transition metal oxides. Signatures of superconductivity in La3Ni2O7 thin films are demonstrated, facilitated by the application of epitaxial compressive strain, suggesting that the observed low zero resistance Tc of around 2 K can be attributed to several factors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ko, Eun Kyo and Yu, Yijun and Liu, Yidi and Bhatt, Lopa and Li, Jiarui and Thampy, Vivek and Kuo, Cheng-Tai and Wang, Bai Yang and Lee, Yonghun and Lee, Kyuho and Lee, Jun-Sik and Goodge, Berit H. and Muller, David A. and Hwang, Harold Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08525-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {935-940}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Signatures of ambient pressure superconductivity in thin film La3Ni2O7}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits. NATURE, 638(8052), 927-934. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {To solve problems of practical importance1,2, quantum computers probably need to incorporate quantum error correction, in which a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits3–5. The large physical-qubit overhead associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches6–18. Here, using a superconducting quantum circuit19, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance d = 5 (ref. 10). A stabilizing circuit passively protects cat qubits against bit flips20–24. The repetition code, using ancilla transmons for syndrome measurement, corrects cat qubit phase flips. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below the threshold. The logical bit-flip error is suppressed with increasing cat qubit mean photon number, enabled by our realization of a cat-transmon noise-biased CX gate. The minimum measured logical error per cycle is on average 1.75(2)% for the distance-3 code sections, and 1.65(3)% for the distance-5 code. Despite the increased number of fault locations of the distance-5 code, the high degree of noise bias preserved during error correction enables comparable performance. These results, where the intrinsic error suppression of the bosonic encodings enables us to use a hardware-efficient outer error-correcting code, indicate that concatenated bosonic codes can be a compelling model for reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation. Bosonic qubits can be engineered to feature intrinsic protection against certain kinds of errors, which makes quantum error correction across many bosonic qubits possible with less overhead.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Putterman, Harald and Noh, Kyungjoo and Hann, Connor T. and MacCabe, Gregory S. and Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar and Patel, Rishi N. and Lee, Menyoung and Jones, William M. and Moradinejad, Hesam and Rodriguez, Roberto and Mahuli, Neha and Rose, Jefferson and Owens, John Clai and Levine, Harry and Rosenfeld, Emma and Reinhold, Philip and Moncelsi, Lorenzo and Alcid, Joshua Ari and Alidoust, Nasser and Arrangoiz-Arriola, Patricio and Barnett, James and Bienias, Przemyslaw and Carson, Hugh A. and Chen, Cliff and Chen, Li and Chinkezian, Harutiun and Chisholm, Eric M. and Chou, Ming-Han and Clerk, Aashish and Clifford, Andrew and Cosmic, R. and Curiel, Ana Valdes and Davis, Erik and DeLorenzo, Laura and D’Ewart, J. Mitchell and Diky, Art and D’Souza, Nathan and Dumitrescu, Philipp T. and Eisenmann, Shmuel and Elkhouly, Essam and Evenbly, Glen and Fang, Michael T. and Fang, Yawen and Fling, Matthew J. and Fon, Warren and Garcia, Gabriel and Gorshkov, Alexey V. and Grant, Julia A. and Gray, Mason J. and Grimberg, Sebastian and Grimsmo, Arne L. and Haim, Arbel and Hand, Justin and He, Yuan and Hernandez, Mike and Hover, David and Hung, Jimmy S. C. and Hunt, Matthew and Iverson, Joe and Jarrige, Ignace and Jaskula, Jean-Christophe and Jiang, Liang and Kalaee, Mahmoud and Karabalin, Rassul and Karalekas, Peter J. and Keller, Andrew J. and Khalajhedayati, Amirhossein and Kubica, Aleksander and Lee, Hanho and Leroux, Catherine and Lieu, Simon and Ly, Victor and Madrigal, Keven Villegas and Marcaud, Guillaume and McCabe, Gavin and Miles, Cody and Milsted, Ashley and Minguzzi, Joaquin and Mishra, Anurag and Mukherjee, Biswaroop and Naghiloo, Mahdi and Oblepias, Eric and Ortuno, Gerson and Pagdilao, Jason and Pancotti, Nicola and Panduro, Ashley and Paquette, JP and Park, Minje and Peairs, Gregory A. and Perello, David and Peterson, Eric C. and Ponte, Sophia and Preskill, John and Qiao, Johnson and Refael, Gil and Resnick, Rachel and Retzker, Alex and Reyna, Omar A. and Runyan, Marc and Ryan, Colm A. and Sahmoud, Abdulrahman and Sanchez, Ernesto and Sanil, Rohan and Sankar, Krishanu and Sato, Yuki and Scaffidi, Thomas and Siavoshi, Salome and Sivarajah, Prasahnt and Skogland, Trenton and Su, Chun-Ju and Swenson, Loren J. and Teo, Stephanie M. and Tomada, Astrid and Torlai, Giacomo and Wollack, E. Alex and Ye, Yufeng and Zerrudo, Jessica A. and Zhang, Kailing and Brandão, Fernando G. S. L. and Matheny, Matthew H. and Painter, Oskar}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08642-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {927-934}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold. NATURE, 638(8052), 920-926. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum error correction1–4 provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, in which the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. Here we present two below-threshold surface code memories on our newest generation of superconducting processors, Willow: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of Λ = 2.14 ± 0.02 when increasing the code distance by 2, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% ± 0.003 per cent error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond breakeven, exceeding the lifetime of its best physical qubit by a factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. Our system maintains below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 microseconds at distance 5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 microseconds. We also run repetition codes up to distance 29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events, occurring approximately once every hour or 3 × 109 cycles. Our results indicate device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08449-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {920-926}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scaling and networking a modular photonic quantum computer. NATURE, 638(8052), 912-919. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Photonics offers a promising platform for quantum computing1–4, owing to the availability of chip integration for mass-manufacturable modules, fibre optics for networking and room-temperature operation of most components. However, experimental demonstrations are needed of complete integrated systems comprising all basic functionalities for universal and fault-tolerant operation5. Here we construct a (sub-performant) scale model of a quantum computer using 35 photonic chips to demonstrate its functionality and feasibility. This combines all the primitive components as discrete, scalable rack-deployed modules networked over fibre-optic interconnects, including 84 squeezers6 and 36 photon-number-resolving detectors furnishing 12 physical qubit modes at each clock cycle. We use this machine, which we name Aurora, to synthesize a cluster state7 entangled across separate chips with 86.4 billion modes, and demonstrate its capability of implementing the foliated distance-2 repetition code with real-time decoding. The key building blocks needed for universality and fault tolerance are demonstrated: heralded synthesis of single-temporal-mode non-Gaussian resource states, real-time multiplexing actuated on photon-number-resolving detection, spatiotemporal cluster-state formation with fibre buffers, and adaptive measurements implemented using chip-integrated homodyne detectors with real-time single-clock-cycle feedforward. We also present a detailed analysis of our architecture’s tolerances for optical loss, which is the dominant and most challenging hurdle to crossing the fault-tolerant threshold. This work lays out the path to cross the fault-tolerant threshold and scale photonic quantum computers to the point of addressing useful applications. A proof-of-principle study reports a complete photonic quantum computer architecture that can, once appropriate component performance is achieved, deliver a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aghaee Rad, H. and Ainsworth, T. and Alexander, R. N. and Altieri, B. and Askarani, M. F. and Baby, R. and Banchi, L. and Baragiola, B. Q. and Bourassa, J. E. and Chadwick, R. S. and Charania, I. and Chen, H. and Collins, M. J. and Contu, P. and D’Arcy, N. and Dauphinais, G. and De Prins, R. and Deschenes, D. and Di Luch, I. and Duque, S. and Edke, P. and Fayer, S. E. and Ferracin, S. and Ferretti, H. and Gefaell, J. and Glancy, S. and González-Arciniegas, C. and Grainge, T. and Han, Z. and Hastrup, J. and Helt, L. G. and Hillmann, T. and Hundal, J. and Izumi, S. and Jaeken, T. and Jonas, M. and Kocsis, S. and Krasnokutska, I. and Larsen, M. V. and Laskowski, P. and Laudenbach, F. and Lavoie, J. and Li, M. and Lomonte, E. and Lopetegui, C. E. and Luey, B. and Lund, A. P. and Ma, C. and Madsen, L. S. and Mahler, D. H. and Mantilla Calderón, L. and Menotti, M. and Miatto, F. M. and Morrison, B. and Nadkarni, P. J. and Nakamura, T. and Neuhaus, L. and Niu, Z. and Noro, R. and Papirov, K. and Pesah, A. and Phillips, D. S. and Plick, W. N. and Rogalsky, T. and Rortais, F. and Sabines-Chesterking, J. and Safavi-Bayat, S. and Sazhaev, E. and Seymour, M. and Rezaei Shad, K. and Silverman, M. and Srinivasan, S. A. and Stephan, M. and Tang, Q. Y. and Tasker, J. F. and Teo, Y. S. and Then, R. B. and Tremblay, J. E. and Tzitrin, I. and Vaidya, V. D. and Vasmer, M. and Vernon, Z. and Villalobos, L. F. S. S. M. and Walshe, B. W. and Weil, R. and Xin, X. and Yan, X. and Yao, Y. and Zamani Abnili, M. and Zhang, Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08406-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {912-919}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scaling and networking a modular photonic quantum computer}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics: From single cells to clinical applications. NATURE, 638(8052), 901-911. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has evolved into a powerful tool for comprehensively analysing biological systems. Recent technological advances have markedly increased sensitivity, enabling single-cell proteomics and spatial profiling of tissues. Simultaneously, improvements in throughput and robustness are facilitating clinical applications. In this Review, we present the latest developments in proteomics technology, including novel sample-preparation methods, advanced instrumentation and innovative data-acquisition strategies. We explore how these advances drive progress in key areas such as protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications and structural proteomics. Integrating artificial intelligence into the proteomics workflow accelerates data analysis and biological interpretation. We discuss the application of proteomics to single-cell analysis and spatial profiling, which can provide unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and tissue architecture. Finally, we examine the transition of proteomics from basic research to clinical practice, including biomarker discovery in body fluids and the promise and challenges of implementing proteomics-based diagnostics. This Review provides a broad and high-level overview of the current state of proteomics and its potential to revolutionize our understanding of biology and transform medical practice. This Review summarizes advances in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and explores the potential applications of these technologies in the clinic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Tiannan and Steen, Judith A. and Mann, Matthias}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08584-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {901-911}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics: From single cells to clinical applications}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Does a cell’s gene expression always reflect its function?. NATURE, 638(8052), 899-900. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Defining a cell’s ‘type’ by the RNA transcripts it expresses is popular in biological research, but evidence from zebrafish neurons suggests that transcriptionally similar cells can be functionally diverse. Transcriptionally similar neurons can be functionally diverse.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Özel, M. Neşet and Desplan, Claude}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00088-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {899-900}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Does a cell’s gene expression always reflect its function?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superkiller complex problems expose a cancer-cell vulnerability. NATURE, 638(8052), 897-899. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When a cancer cell no longer makes a particular functioning protein, it can become dependent on another protein for survival. The identification of one such relationship has uncovered a therapeutic target. Using the strategy of synthetic lethality to target cancer cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hellen, Christopher U. T. and Pestova, Tatyana V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00086-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {897-899}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superkiller complex problems expose a cancer-cell vulnerability}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superelastic titanium alloy has potential for space missions. NATURE, 638(8052), 896-897. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metallurgists have designed an extraordinary titanium alloy that is light, strong and flexible, and which recovers its original shape after large amounts of deformation — even when as cold as liquid helium or hotter than boiling water. A lightweight but strong alloy that recovers its shape after deformation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wei, Shaolou and Raabe, Dierk}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00301-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {896-897}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superelastic titanium alloy has potential for space missions}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Skin in the game — Locally made antibodies fight resident bacteria. NATURE, 638(8052), 894-896. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How immune responses arise against microorganisms living on the skin is not fully understood. The discovery that skin maintains its own system to form antibody responses reveals an unexpected vaccination route. Antibody production in the skin might lead to new vaccination strategies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Jeong-Mi and Sage, Peter T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04205-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {894-896}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Skin in the game — Locally made antibodies fight resident bacteria}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atlantic circulation could be more resilient to global warming than was thought. NATURE, 638(8052), 893-894. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A system of ocean currents called the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation strongly affects climate, but is showing signs of shutting down. An analysis now suggests that total collapse is unlikely this century. Why the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation might not shut down.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hu, Aixue}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00300-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {893-894}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atlantic circulation could be more resilient to global warming than was thought}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sharing benefits of research is key to effective science communication. NATURE, 638(8052), 891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zanetta-Colombo, Nicolás C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00586-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sharing benefits of research is key to effective science communication}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). National climate policies must address mental health. NATURE, 638(8052), 891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schlatter, Lea and Kumar, Manasi and Kumar, Pushpam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00587-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {National climate policies must address mental health}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s low-altitude economy needs to grow with more caution. NATURE, 638(8052), 891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Yong and Ran, Dexin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00588-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s low-altitude economy needs to grow with more caution}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Other countries should copy nepal’s approach to tackling cervical cancer. NATURE, 638(8052), 891. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {G. C., Binod and G. C., Alisha}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00589-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {891}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Other countries should copy nepal’s approach to tackling cervical cancer}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We use 30 billion tonnes of concrete each year — Here’s how to make it sustainable. NATURE, 638(8052), 888-890. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Promising methods are emerging to reduce emissions, resource use and waste from construction industries. Promising methods are emerging to reduce emissions, resource use and waste from construction industries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiao, Jianzhuang and Zou, Shuai and Poon, Chi Sun and Sham, Man Lung and Li, Zongjin and Shah, Surendra P.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00568-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {888-890}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We use 30 billion tonnes of concrete each year — Here’s how to make it sustainable}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How scientists can drive climate action: Celebrate nature and promote hope. NATURE, 638(8052), 885-887. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {After years of storytelling and running classes and festivals, I’ve seen first-hand how a love of nature makes people want to protect it. After years of storytelling and running classes and festivals, I’ve seen first-hand how a love of nature makes people want to protect it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nagendra, Harini}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00567-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {885-887}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How scientists can drive climate action: Celebrate nature and promote hope}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The racial injustice laid bare by COVID must not be forgotten. NATURE, 638(8052), 883-884. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A methodical analysis of pandemic policies in Chicago, Illinois, reveals why short-term interventions are unable to tackle systemic inequities that affect marginalized communities. A methodical analysis of pandemic policies in Chicago, Illinois, reveals why short-term interventions are unable to tackle systemic inequities that affect marginalized communities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sowemimo, Annabel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00458-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {883-884}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The racial injustice laid bare by COVID must not be forgotten}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will AI jeopardize science photography? there’s still time to create an ethical code of conduct. NATURE, 638(8052), 881-883. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Generative artificial-intelligence illustrations can be helpful, but fall short as scientific records. Generative artificial-intelligence illustrations can be helpful, but fall short as scientific records.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Frankel, Felice}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00532-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {881-883}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will AI jeopardize science photography? there’s still time to create an ethical code of conduct}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can AI help beat poverty? researchers test ways to aid the poorest people. NATURE, 638(8052), 878-880. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Measuring poverty is the first step to delivering support, but it has long been a costly, time-intensive and contentious endeavour. Measuring poverty is the first step to delivering support, but it has long been a costly, time-intensive and contentious endeavour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arnold, Carrie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00565-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {878-880}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can AI help beat poverty? researchers test ways to aid the poorest people}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How quickly are you ageing? what molecular ‘clocks’ can tell you about your health. NATURE, 638(8052), 874-876. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Armed with an influx of cash and public enthusiasm, researchers are looking to improve how ageing is measured. Armed with an influx of cash and public enthusiasm, researchers are looking to improve how ageing is measured.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00566-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {874-876}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How quickly are you ageing? what molecular ‘clocks’ can tell you about your health}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microsoft claims quantum-computing breakthrough — But some physicists are sceptical. NATURE, 638(8052), 872. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The tech giant aims to make ‘topological’ quantum computers that will reach useful scales faster than competing technologies. The tech giant aims to make ‘topological’ quantum computers that will reach useful scales faster than competing technologies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00527-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {872}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microsoft claims quantum-computing breakthrough — But some physicists are sceptical}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Woman in cancer remission for record 19 years after CAR-T immune treatment. NATURE, 638(8052), 871-872. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {CAR-T-cell therapy treated a girl with a rare childhood cancer, raising hopes for future recipients of the approach. CAR-T-cell therapy treated a girl with a rare childhood cancer, raising hopes for future recipients of the approach.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00507-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {871-872}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Woman in cancer remission for record 19 years after CAR-T immune treatment}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Revealed: NIH research grants still frozen despite lawsuits challenging trump order. NATURE, 638(8052), 870-871. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Trump administration is exploiting a loophole to keep a funding freeze in place, leaving researchers in limbo. The Trump administration is exploiting a loophole to keep a funding freeze in place, leaving researchers in limbo.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00540-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {870-871}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Revealed: NIH research grants still frozen despite lawsuits challenging trump order}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rare genetic disorder treated in womb for the first time. NATURE, 638(8052), 869. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The child, who is now almost three years old, shows no signs of the often fatal motor neuron disease. The child, who is now almost three years old, shows no signs of the often fatal motor neuron disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00534-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {869}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rare genetic disorder treated in womb for the first time}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biggest-ever AI biology model writes DNA on demand. NATURE, 638(8052), 868-869. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An artificial-intelligence network trained on a vast trove of sequence data is a step towards designing completely new genomes. An artificial-intelligence network trained on a vast trove of sequence data is a step towards designing completely new genomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00531-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {868-869}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biggest-ever AI biology model writes DNA on demand}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump’s siege of science: How the first 30 days unfolded and what’s next. NATURE, 638(8052), 865-867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The breakneck pace and devastating impact of the administration’s policy changes has shocked researchers. The breakneck pace and devastating impact of the administration’s policy changes has shocked researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff and Kozlov, Max and Witze, Alexandra and Garisto, Dan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00525-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {865-867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump’s siege of science: How the first 30 days unfolded and what’s next}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Newfound bat virus that uses notorious receptor poses ‘spillover’ risk. NATURE, 638(8052), 863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The virus is related to the pathogen that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome and capitalizes on the same ‘entry receptor’ used by SARS-CoV-2. The virus is related to the pathogen that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome and capitalizes on the same ‘entry receptor’ used by SARS-CoV-2.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00503-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Newfound bat virus that uses notorious receptor poses ‘spillover’ risk}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Low-iridium device speeds progress towards green hydrogen. NATURE, 638(8052), 863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A catalyst that reduces usage of an expensive rare metal could help to make hydrogen fuel affordable. A catalyst that reduces usage of an expensive rare metal could help to make hydrogen fuel affordable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00504-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Low-iridium device speeds progress towards green hydrogen}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient apex predator tore into hippos with hyena-like teeth. NATURE, 638(8052), 863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Newly discovered species of leopard-sized carnivore lived some 30 million years ago in what is now Egypt. Newly discovered species of leopard-sized carnivore lived some 30 million years ago in what is now Egypt.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00505-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient apex predator tore into hippos with hyena-like teeth}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tropical forest’s last old growth is being toppled — Illegally. NATURE, 638(8052), 863. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Satellite imagery helps to identify two hotspots of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest along Brazil’s eastern coast. Satellite imagery helps to identify two hotspots of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest along Brazil’s eastern coast.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00506-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {863}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tropical forest’s last old growth is being toppled — Illegally}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum technologies need big investments to deliver on their big promises. NATURE, 638(8052), 862. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sustained investments can deliver quantum devices that handle more information, more rapidly and more securely than can classical ones. Sustained investments can deliver quantum devices that handle more information, more rapidly and more securely than can classical ones.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pan, Jian-Wei}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00564-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {862}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum technologies need big investments to deliver on their big promises}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Move beyond ‘publish or perish’ by measuring behaviours that benefit academia. NATURE, 638(8052), 861. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A standardized system to measure contributions in mentorship, collaboration and more could bring about systemic change in science. A standardized system to measure contributions in mentorship, collaboration and more could bring about systemic change in science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allen, Kelly-Ann}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00563-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {861}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Move beyond ‘publish or perish’ by measuring behaviours that benefit academia}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Combine AI with citizen science to fight poverty. NATURE, 638(8052), 860. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial-intelligence tools and community science can help in places where data are scarce, so long as funding for data collection does not falter in the future. Artificial-intelligence tools and community science can help in places where data are scarce, so long as funding for data collection does not falter in the future.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00561-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {860}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Combine AI with citizen science to fight poverty}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Learn COVID pandemic lessons — Before it’s too late. NATURE, 638(8052), 859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Five years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, public weariness and irresponsible politics are hampering an effective response to global infectious-disease outbreaks. Five years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, public weariness and irresponsible politics are hampering an effective response to global infectious-disease outbreaks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00498-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8052}, pages = {859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Learn COVID pandemic lessons — Before it’s too late}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: 53BP1 is a reader of the DNA-damage-induced H2A lys 15 ubiquitin mark. NATURE, 638(8051), E34. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fradet-Turcotte, Amélie and Canny, Marella D. and Escribano-Díaz, Cristina and Orthwein, Alexandre and Leung, Charles C. Y. and Huang, Hao and Landry, Marie-Claude and Kitevski-LeBlanc, Julianne and Noordermeer, Sylvie M. and Sicheri, Frank and Durocher, Daniel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08696-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: 53BP1 is a reader of the DNA-damage-induced H2A lys 15 ubiquitin mark}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Placenta-tropic VEGF mRNA lipid nanoparticles ameliorate murine pre-eclampsia. NATURE, 638(8051), E33. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Swingle, Kelsey L. and Hamilton, Alex G. and Safford, Hannah C. and Geisler, Hannah C. and Thatte, Ajay S. and Palanki, Rohan and Murray, Amanda M. and Han, Emily L. and Mukalel, Alvin J. and Han, Xuexiang and Joseph, Ryann A. and Ghalsasi, Aditi A. and Alameh, Mohamad-Gabriel and Weissman, Drew and Mitchell, Michael J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08605-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Placenta-tropic VEGF mRNA lipid nanoparticles ameliorate murine pre-eclampsia}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Joint speech and text machine translation for up to 100 languages. NATURE, 638(8051), E32. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08655-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E32}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Joint speech and text machine translation for up to 100 languages}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Stromal changes in the aged lung induce an emergence from melanoma dormancy. NATURE, 638(8051), E31. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fane, Mitchell E. and Chhabra, Yash and Alicea, Gretchen M. and Maranto, Devon A. and Douglass, Stephen M. and Webster, Marie R. and Rebecca, Vito W. and Marino, Gloria E. and Almeida, Filipe and Ecker, Brett L. and Zabransky, Daniel J. and Hüser, Laura and Beer, Thomas and Tang, Hsin-Yao and Kossenkov, Andrew and Herlyn, Meenhard and Speicher, David W. and Xu, Wei and Xu, Xiaowei and Jaffee, Elizabeth M. and Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A. and Weeraratna, Ashani T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08659-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Stromal changes in the aged lung induce an emergence from melanoma dormancy}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: FBP1 controls liver cancer evolution from senescent MASH hepatocytes. NATURE, 638(8051), E30. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gu, Li and Zhu, Yahui and Nandi, Shuvro P. and Lee, Maiya and Watari, Kosuke and Bareng, Breanna and Ohira, Masafumi and Liu, Yuxiao and Sakane, Sadatsugu and Carlessi, Rodrigo and Sauceda, Consuelo and Dhar, Debanjan and Ganguly, Souradipta and Hosseini, Mojgan and Teneche, Marcos G. and Adams, Peter D. and Gonzalez, David J. and Kisseleva, Tatiana and Tirnitz-Parker, Janina E. E. and Simon, M. Celeste and Alexandrov, Ludmil B. and Karin, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08653-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: FBP1 controls liver cancer evolution from senescent MASH hepatocytes}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Insufficient evidence for natural selection associated with the black death. NATURE, 638(8051), E23-E29. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Vilgalys, Tauras P. and Klunk, Jennifer and Demeure, Christian E. and Cheng, Xiaoheng and Shiratori, Mari and Madej, Julien and Beau, Rémi and Elli, Derek and Patino, Maria I. and Redfern, Rebecca and DeWitte, Sharon N. and Gamble, Julia A. and Boldsen, Jesper L. and Carmichael, Ann and Varlik, Nükhet and Eaton, Katherine and Grenier, Jean-Christophe and Golding, G. Brian and Devault, Alison and Rouillard, Jean-Marie and Yotova, Vania and Sindeaux, Renata and Ye, Chun Jimmie and Bikaran, Matin and Dumaine, Anne and Brinkworth, Jessica F. and Missiakas, Dominique and Rouleau, Guy A. and Steinrücken, Matthias and Pizarro-Cerdá, Javier and Poinar, Hendrik N. and Barreiro, Luis B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08497-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E23-E29}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Insufficient evidence for natural selection associated with the black death}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Insufficient evidence for natural selection associated with the black death. NATURE, 638(8051), E19-E22. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Barton, Alison R. and Santander, Cindy G. and Skoglund, Pontus and Moltke, Ida and Reich, David and Mathieson, Iain}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08496-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E19-E22}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Insufficient evidence for natural selection associated with the black death}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Atlantic oceanic droughts do not threaten asian water tower. NATURE, 638(8051), E16-E18. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Qiang and Shen, Zexi and Pokhrel, Yadu and Farinotti, Daniel and Singh, Vijay P. and Xu, Chong-Yu and Wu, Wenhuan and Wang, Gang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08358-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E16-E18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Atlantic oceanic droughts do not threaten asian water tower}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Atlantic oceanic droughts do not threaten asian water tower. NATURE, 638(8051), E13-E15. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Yutong and Xu, Chaoyi and Yu, Xiaoyu and Liu, Yigang and Ji, Xinhui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08357-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E13-E15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Atlantic oceanic droughts do not threaten asian water tower}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sequence clustering confounds AlphaFold2. NATURE, 638(8051), E8-E12. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schafer, Joseph W. and Lee, Myeongsang and Chakravarty, Devlina and Thole, Joseph F. and Chen, Ethan A. and Porter, Lauren L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08267-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {E8-E12}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sequence clustering confounds AlphaFold2}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Talking won’t save the planet’: Uniting efforts to save panama’s parks. NATURE, 638(8051), 852. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Juan Carlos Navarro shares his hopes and frustrations as he works to protect his country’s biodiversity and fight climate change. Juan Carlos Navarro shares his hopes and frustrations as he works to protect his country’s biodiversity and fight climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hedley, Esme}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00463-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {852}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Talking won’t save the planet’: Uniting efforts to save panama’s parks}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why is it so hard to rewrite a genome?. NATURE, 638(8051), 848-850. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Synthetic biologists have the know-how and ambition to retool whole genomes. But the hidden complexity of biological systems continues to surprise them. Synthetic biologists have the know-how and ambition to retool whole genomes. But the hidden complexity of biological systems continues to surprise them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eisenstein, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00462-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {848-850}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why is it so hard to rewrite a genome?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Here’s how to bag a hefty research prize to turbocharge innovation. NATURE, 638(8051), 845-847. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Challenge’ prizes are growing in popularity, but stimulating creativity takes more than financial incentives. ‘Challenge’ prizes are growing in popularity, but stimulating creativity takes more than financial incentives.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brazil, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00461-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {845-847}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Here’s how to bag a hefty research prize to turbocharge innovation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Retraction note: A mechanism for the suppression of homologous recombination in g1 cells. NATURE, 638(8051), 844. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Orthwein, Alexandre and Noordermeer, Sylvie M. and Wilson, Marcus D. and Landry, Sébastien and Enchev, Radoslav I. and Sherker, Alana and Munro, Meagan and Pinder, Jordan and Salsman, Jayme and Dellaire, Graham and Xia, Bing and Peter, Matthias and Durocher, Daniel}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08644-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {844}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Retraction note: A mechanism for the suppression of homologous recombination in g1 cells}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The structure of apolipoprotein b100 from human low-density lipoprotein. NATURE, 638(8051), 836-843. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has a central role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism and is a key agent in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of mortality worldwide1,2. Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), one of the largest proteins in the genome, is the primary structural and functional component of LDL, yet its size and complex lipid associations have posed major challenges for structural studies3. Here we present the structure of apoB100 resolved to subnanometre resolution in most regions using an integrative approach of cryo-electron microscopy, AlphaFold24 and molecular-dynamics-based refinement5. The structure consists of a large globular N-terminal domain and an approximately 61-nm-long continuous amphipathic β-sheet that wraps around the LDL particle like a belt. Distributed quasi-symmetrically across the two sides of the β-belt are nine strategically located interstrand inserts that extend across the lipid surface to provide additional structural support through a network of long-range interactions. We further compare our structure to a comprehensive list of more than 200 intramolecular cross-links and find close agreement between the two. These results suggest a mechanism for how the various domains of apoB100 act in concert to maintain LDL shape and cohesion across a range of particle sizes. More generally, they advance our fundamental understanding of LDL synthesis, form and function, and will help to accelerate the design of potential therapeutics. The structure of apolipoprotein B100 provides insights into how the various domains of apoB100 act in concert to maintain low-density lipoprotein shape and cohesion across a range of particle sizes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Berndsen, Zachary T. and Cassidy, C. Keith}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08467-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {836-843}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The structure of apolipoprotein b100 from human low-density lipoprotein}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure of apolipoprotein b100 bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor. NATURE, 638(8051), 829-835. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a structural component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a ligand for the LDL receptor (LDLR)1. Mutations in apoB100 or in LDLR cause familial hypercholesterolaemia, an autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by a marked increase in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease2. The structure of apoB100 on LDL and its interaction with LDLR are poorly understood. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of apoB100 on LDL bound to the LDLR and a nanobody complex, which can form a C2-symmetric, higher-order complex. Using local refinement, we determined high-resolution structures of the interfaces between apoB100 and LDLR. One binding interface is formed between several small-ligand-binding modules of LDLR and a series of basic patches that are scattered along a β-belt formed by apoB100, encircling LDL. The other binding interface is formed between the β-propeller domain of LDLR and the N-terminal domain of apoB100. Our results reveal how both interfaces are involved in LDL dimer formation, and how LDLR cycles between LDL- and self-bound conformations. In addition, known mutations in either apoB100 or LDLR, associated with high levels of LDL-C, are located at the LDL–LDLR interface. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) in complex with the LDL receptor (LDLR) provide insight into binding interfaces and explain how mutations in apoB100 or in LDLR can give rise to familial hypercholesterolaemia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reimund, Mart and Dearborn, Altaira D. and Graziano, Giorgio and Lei, Haotian and Ciancone, Anthony M. and Kumar, Ashish and Holewinski, Ronald and Neufeld, Edward B. and O’Reilly, Francis J. and Remaley, Alan T. and Marcotrigiano, Joseph}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08223-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {829-835}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure of apolipoprotein b100 bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A map of the rubisco biochemical landscape. NATURE, 638(8051), 823-828. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Rubisco is the primary CO2-fixing enzyme of the biosphere1, yet it has slow kinetics2. The roles of evolution and chemical mechanism in constraining its biochemical function remain debated3,4. Engineering efforts aimed at adjusting the biochemical parameters of rubisco have largely failed5, although recent results indicate that the functional potential of rubisco has a wider scope than previously known6. Here we developed a massively parallel assay, using an engineered Escherichia coli7 in which enzyme activity is coupled to growth, to systematically map the sequence–function landscape of rubisco. Composite assay of more than 99% of single-amino acid mutants versus CO2 concentration enabled inference of enzyme velocity and apparent CO2 affinity parameters for thousands of substitutions. This approach identified many highly conserved positions that tolerate mutation and rare mutations that improve CO2 affinity. These data indicate that non-trivial biochemical changes are readily accessible and that the functional distance between rubiscos from diverse organisms can be traversed, laying the groundwork for further enzyme engineering efforts. A massively parallel assay developed to map the essential photosynthetic enzyme rubisco showed that non-trivial biochemical changes and improvements in CO2 affinity are possible, signposting further enzyme engineering efforts to increase crop yields.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Prywes, Noam and Phillips, Naiya R. and Oltrogge, Luke M. and Lindner, Sebastian and Taylor-Kearney, Leah J. and Tsai, Yi-Chin Candace and de Pins, Benoit and Cowan, Aidan E. and Chang, Hana A. and Wang, Renée Z. and Hall, Laina N. and Bellieny-Rabelo, Daniel and Nisonoff, Hunter M. and Weissman, Rachel F. and Flamholz, Avi I. and Ding, David and Bhatt, Abhishek Y. and Mueller-Cajar, Oliver and Shih, Patrick M. and Milo, Ron and Savage, David F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08455-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {823-828}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A map of the rubisco biochemical landscape}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Satellite DNA shapes dictate pericentromere packaging in female meiosis. NATURE, 638(8051), 814-822. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The abundance and sequence of satellite DNA at and around centromeres is evolving rapidly despite the highly conserved and essential process through which the centromere directs chromosome inheritance1–3. The impact of such rapid evolution is unclear. Here we find that sequence-dependent DNA shape dictates packaging of pericentromeric satellites in female meiosis through a conserved DNA-shape-recognizing chromatin architectural protein, high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1)4,5. Pericentromeric heterochromatin in two closely related mouse species, M. musculus and M. spretus, forms on divergent satellites that differ by both density of narrow DNA minor grooves and HMGA1 recruitment. HMGA1 binds preferentially to M. musculus satellites, and depletion in M. musculus oocytes causes massive stretching of pericentromeric satellites, disruption of kinetochore organization and delays in bipolar spindle assembly. In M. musculus × spretus hybrid oocytes, HMGA1 depletion disproportionately impairs M. musculus pericentromeres and microtubule attachment to their kinetochores. Thus, DNA shape affects both pericentromere packaging and the segregation machinery. We propose that rapid evolution of centromere and pericentromere DNA does not disrupt these essential processes when the satellites adopt DNA shapes recognized by conserved architectural proteins (such as HMGA1). By packaging these satellites, architectural proteins become part of the centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin, suggesting an evolutionary strategy that lowers the cost of megabase-scale satellite expansion. Divergent satellite DNA shapes influence architectural protein binding and chromatin organization in two mouse species so that the satellites can be packaged and centromere function maintained, mitigating the evolutionary cost of satellite DNA expansion.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dudka, Damian and Dawicki-McKenna, Jennine M. and Sun, Xueqi and Beeravolu, Keagan and Akera, Takashi and Lampson, Michael A. and Black, Ben E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08374-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {814-822}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Satellite DNA shapes dictate pericentromere packaging in female meiosis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineered receptors for soluble cellular communication and disease sensing. NATURE, 638(8051), 805-813. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite recent advances in mammalian synthetic biology, there remains a lack of modular synthetic receptors that can robustly respond to soluble ligands and, in turn, activate bespoke cellular functions. Such receptors would have extensive clinical potential to regulate the activity of engineered therapeutic cells, but so far only receptors against cell-surface targets have approached clinical translation1. To address this gap, here we adapt a receptor architecture called the synthetic intramembrane proteolysis receptor (SNIPR) for activation by soluble ligands. Our SNIPR platform can be activated by both natural and synthetic soluble factors, with notably low baseline activity and high fold activation, through an endocytic, pH-dependent cleavage mechanism. We demonstrate the therapeutic capabilities of the receptor platform by localizing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to solid tumours in which soluble disease-associated factors are expressed, bypassing the major hurdle of on-target off-tumour toxicity in bystander organs. We further apply the SNIPR platform to engineer fully synthetic signalling networks between cells orthogonal to natural signalling pathways, expanding the scope of synthetic biology. Our design framework enables cellular communication and environmental interactions, extending the capabilities of synthetic cellular networking in clinical and research contexts. A synthetic receptor platform that enables mammalian cells to respond to soluble factors allows specific signalling networks to be precisely controlled, with a variety of therapeutic applications.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Piraner, Dan I. and Abedi, Mohamad H. and Duran Gonzalez, Maria J. and Chazin-Gray, Adam and Lin, Annie and Zhu, Iowis and Ravindran, Pavithran T. and Schlichthaerle, Thomas and Huang, Buwei and Bearchild, Tyler H. and Lee, David and Wyman, Sarah and Jun, Young-wook and Baker, David and Roybal, Kole T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08366-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {805-813}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineered receptors for soluble cellular communication and disease sensing}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Designed endocytosis-inducing proteins degrade targets and amplify signals. NATURE, 638(8051), 796-804. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Endocytosis and lysosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors can be triggered by endogenous ligands. Therapeutic approaches such as lysosome-targeting chimaeras1,2 (LYTACs) and cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras3 (KineTACs) have used this to target specific proteins for degradation by fusing modified native ligands to target binding proteins. Although powerful, these approaches can be limited by competition with native ligands and requirements for chemical modification that limit genetic encodability and can complicate manufacturing, and, more generally, there may be no native ligands that stimulate endocytosis through a given receptor. Here we describe computational design approaches for endocytosis-triggering binding proteins (EndoTags) that overcome these challenges. We present EndoTags for insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), sortilin and transferrin receptors, and show that fusing these tags to soluble or transmembrane target protein binders leads to lysosomal trafficking and target degradation. As these receptors have different tissue distributions, the different EndoTags could enable targeting of degradation to different tissues. EndoTag fusion to a PD-L1 antibody considerably increases efficacy in a mouse tumour model compared to antibody alone. The modularity and genetic encodability of EndoTags enables AND gate control for higher-specificity targeted degradation, and the localized secretion of degraders from engineered cells. By promoting endocytosis, EndoTag fusion increases signalling through an engineered ligand–receptor system by nearly 100-fold. EndoTags have considerable therapeutic potential as targeted degradation inducers, signalling activators for endocytosis-dependent pathways, and cellular uptake inducers for targeted antibody–drug and antibody–RNA conjugates. Computationally designed genetically encoded proteins can be used to target surface proteins, thereby triggering endocytosis and subsequent intracellular degradation, activating signalling or increasing cellular uptake in specific tissues.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Buwei and Abedi, Mohamad and Ahn, Green and Coventry, Brian and Sappington, Isaac and Tang, Cong and Wang, Rong and Schlichthaerle, Thomas and Zhang, Jason Z. and Wang, Yujia and Goreshnik, Inna and Chiu, Ching Wen and Chazin-Gray, Adam and Chan, Sidney and Gerben, Stacey and Murray, Analisa and Wang, Shunzhi and O’Neill, Jason and Yi, Li and Yeh, Ronald and Misquith, Ayesha and Wolf, Anitra and Tomasovic, Luke M. and Piraner, Dan I. and Duran Gonzalez, Maria J. and Bennett, Nathaniel R. and Venkatesh, Preetham and Ahlrichs, Maggie and Dobbins, Craig and Yang, Wei and Wang, Xinru and Sahtoe, Danny D. and Vafeados, Dionne and Mout, Rubul and Shivaei, Shirin and Cao, Longxing and Carter, Lauren and Stewart, Lance and Spangler, Jamie B. and Roybal, Kole T. and Greisen, Per Jr and Li, Xiaochun and Bernardes, Gonçalo J. L. and Bertozzi, Carolyn R. and Baker, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07948-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {796-804}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Designed endocytosis-inducing proteins degrade targets and amplify signals}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transferrin receptor targeting chimeras for membrane protein degradation. NATURE, 638(8051), 787-795. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer cells require high levels of iron for rapid proliferation, leading to significant upregulation of cell-surface transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which mediates iron uptake by binding to the iron-carrying protein transferrin1–3. Leveraging this phenomenon and the fast endocytosis rate of TfR1 (refs. 4,5), we developed transferrin receptor targeting chimeras (TransTACs), a heterobispecific antibody modality for membrane protein degradation. TransTACs are engineered to drive rapid co-internalization of a target protein of interest and TfR1 from the cell surface, and to enable target protein entry into the lysosomal degradation pathway. We show that TransTACs can efficiently degrade a diverse range of single-pass, multi-pass, native or synthetic membrane proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, cluster of differentiation 20 and chimeric antigen receptor. In example applications, TransTACs enabled the reversible control of human primary chimeric antigen receptor T cells and the targeting of drug-resistant epidermal growth factor receptor-driven lung cancer with the exon 19 deletion/T790M/C797S mutations in a mouse xenograft model. TransTACs represent a promising new family of bifunctional antibodies for precise manipulation of membrane proteins and targeted cancer therapy. Transferrin receptor targeting chimeras have been developed that enable targeting of drug resistance in epidermal growth factor receptor-driven lung cancer and reversible control of human primary chimeric antigen receptor T cells, representing a promising new family of bifunctional antibodies for targeted cancer therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Dingpeng and Duque-Jimenez, Jhoely and Facchinetti, Francesco and Brixi, Garyk and Rhee, Kaitlin and Feng, William W. and Jänne, Pasi A. and Zhou, Xin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07947-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {787-795}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transferrin receptor targeting chimeras for membrane protein degradation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Multiscale footprints reveal the organization of cis-regulatory elements. NATURE, 638(8051), 779-786. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) control gene expression and are dynamic in their structure and function, reflecting changes in the composition of diverse effector proteins over time1. However, methods for measuring the organization of effector proteins at CREs across the genome are limited, hampering efforts to connect CRE structure to their function in cell fate and disease. Here we developed PRINT, a computational method that identifies footprints of DNA–protein interactions from bulk and single-cell chromatin accessibility data across multiple scales of protein size. Using these multiscale footprints, we created the seq2PRINT framework, which uses deep learning to allow precise inference of transcription factor and nucleosome binding and interprets regulatory logic at CREs. Applying seq2PRINT to single-cell chromatin accessibility data from human bone marrow, we observe sequential establishment and widening of CREs centred on pioneer factors across haematopoiesis. We further discover age-associated alterations in the structure of CREs in murine haematopoietic stem cells, including widespread reduction of nucleosome footprints and gain of de novo identified Ets composite motifs. Collectively, we establish a method for obtaining rich insights into DNA-binding protein dynamics from chromatin accessibility data, and reveal the architecture of regulatory elements across differentiation and ageing. We developed PRINT, a computational method that identifies footprints of DNA–protein interactions from bulk and single-cell chromatin accessibility data across multiple scales of protein size.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hu, Yan and Horlbeck, Max A. and Zhang, Ruochi and Ma, Sai and Shrestha, Rojesh and Kartha, Vinay K. and Duarte, Fabiana M. and Hock, Conrad and Savage, Rachel E. and Labade, Ajay and Kletzien, Heidi and Meliki, Alia and Castillo, Andrew and Durand, Neva C. and Mattei, Eugenio and Anderson, Lauren J. and Tay, Tristan and Earl, Andrew S. and Shoresh, Noam and Epstein, Charles B. and Wagers, Amy J. and Buenrostro, Jason D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08443-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {779-786}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Multiscale footprints reveal the organization of cis-regulatory elements}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A vision–language foundation model for precision oncology. NATURE, 638(8051), 769-778. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clinical decision-making is driven by multimodal data, including clinical notes and pathological characteristics. Artificial intelligence approaches that can effectively integrate multimodal data hold significant promise in advancing clinical care1,2. However, the scarcity of well-annotated multimodal datasets in clinical settings has hindered the development of useful models. In this study, we developed the Multimodal transformer with Unified maSKed modeling (MUSK), a vision–language foundation model designed to leverage large-scale, unlabelled, unpaired image and text data. MUSK was pretrained on 50 million pathology images from 11,577 patients and one billion pathology-related text tokens using unified masked modelling. It was further pretrained on one million pathology image–text pairs to efficiently align the vision and language features. With minimal or no further training, MUSK was tested in a wide range of applications and demonstrated superior performance across 23 patch-level and slide-level benchmarks, including image-to-text and text-to-image retrieval, visual question answering, image classification and molecular biomarker prediction. Furthermore, MUSK showed strong performance in outcome prediction, including melanoma relapse prediction, pan-cancer prognosis prediction and immunotherapy response prediction in lung and gastro-oesophageal cancers. MUSK effectively combined complementary information from pathology images and clinical reports and could potentially improve diagnosis and precision in cancer therapy. Trained on unlabelled, unpaired image and text data, the Multimodal transformer with Unified maSKed modeling excelled in outcome prediction, image-to-text retrieval and visual question answering, potentially improving cancer diagnosis and therapy precision.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiang, Jinxi and Wang, Xiyue and Zhang, Xiaoming and Xi, Yinghua and Eweje, Feyisope and Chen, Yijiang and Li, Yuchen and Bergstrom, Colin and Gopaulchan, Matthew and Kim, Ted and Yu, Kun-Hsing and Willens, Sierra and Olguin, Francesca Maria and Nirschl, Jeffrey J. and Neal, Joel and Diehn, Maximilian and Yang, Sen and Li, Ruijiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08378-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {769-778}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A vision–language foundation model for precision oncology}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RELMβ sets the threshold for microbiome-dependent oral tolerance. NATURE, 638(8051), 760-768. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tolerance to dietary antigens is critical for avoiding deleterious type 2 immune responses resulting in food allergy (FA) and anaphylaxis1,2. However, the mechanisms resulting in both the maintenance and failure of tolerance to food antigens are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the goblet-cell-derived resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ)3,4 is a critical regulator of oral tolerance. RELMβ is abundant in the sera of both patients with FA and mouse models of FA. Deletion of RELMβ protects mice from FA and the development of food-antigen-specific IgE and anaphylaxis. RELMβ disrupts food tolerance through the modulation of the gut microbiome and depletion of indole-metabolite-producing Lactobacilli and Alistipes. Tolerance is maintained by the local production of indole derivatives driving FA protective RORγt+ regulatory T (Treg) cells5 through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. RELMβ antagonism in the peri-weaning period restores oral tolerance and protects genetically prone offspring from developing FA later in life. Together, we show that RELMβ mediates a gut immune–epithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens—a novel mode of innate control of adaptive immunity through microbiome editing—and identify targetable candidates in this circuit for prevention and treatment of FA. RELMβ mediates a gut immune–epithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens, offering targetable candidates for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stephen-Victor, Emmanuel and Kuziel, Gavin A. and Martinez-Blanco, Monica and Jugder, Bat-Erdene and Benamar, Mehdi and Wang, Ziwei and Chen, Qian and Lozano, Gabriel L. and Abdel-Gadir, Azza and Cui, Ye and Fong, Jason and Saint-Denis, Elisa and Chang, Iris and Nadeau, Kari C. and Phipatanakul, Wanda and Zhang, Angela and Farraj, Farida Abi and Holder-Niles, Faye and Zeve, Daniel and Breault, David T. and Schmitz-Abe, Klaus and Rachid, Rima and Crestani, Elena and Rakoff-Nahoum, Seth and Chatila, Talal A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08440-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {760-768}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RELMβ sets the threshold for microbiome-dependent oral tolerance}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Autoactive CNGC15 enhances root endosymbiosis in legume and wheat. NATURE, 638(8051), 752-759. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nutrient acquisition is crucial for sustaining life. Plants develop beneficial intracellular partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria to surmount the scarcity of soil nutrients and tap into atmospheric dinitrogen, respectively1,2. Initiation of these root endosymbioses requires symbiont-induced oscillations in nuclear calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in root cells3. How the nuclear-localized ion channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) 15 and DOESN’T MAKE INFECTIONS1 (DMI1)4 are coordinated to specify symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations remains unknown. Here we discovered an autoactive CNGC15 mutant that generates spontaneous low-frequency Ca2+ oscillations. While CNGC15 produces nuclear Ca2+ oscillations via a gating mechanism involving its helix 1, DMI1 acts as a pacemaker to specify the frequency of the oscillations. We demonstrate that the specificity of symbiotic-induced nuclear Ca2+ oscillations is encoded in its frequency. A high frequency activates endosymbiosis programmes, whereas a low frequency modulates phenylpropanoid pathways. Consequently, the autoactive cngc15 mutant, which is capable of generating both frequencies, has increased flavonoids that enhance AM, root nodule symbiosis and nutrient acquisition. We transferred this trait to wheat, resulting in field-grown wheat with increased AM colonization and nutrient acquisition. Our findings reveal a new strategy to boost endosymbiosis in the field and reduce inorganic fertilizer use while sustaining plant growth. Nuclear calcium oscillations initiate plant–arbuscular mycorrhiza and nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbioses for nutrient acquisition, with a newly discovered autoactive CNGC15 mutant enhancing these partnerships, potentially improving crop nutrition and reducing inorganic fertilizer dependence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cook, Nicola M. and Gobbato, Giulia and Jacott, Catherine N. and Marchal, Clemence and Hsieh, Chen Yun and Lam, Anson Ho Ching and Simmonds, James and del Cerro, Pablo and Gomez, Pilar Navarro and Rodney, Clemence and Cruz-Mireles, Neftaly and Uauy, Cristobal and Haerty, Wilfried and Lawson, David M. and Charpentier, Myriam}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08424-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {752-759}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Autoactive CNGC15 enhances root endosymbiosis in legume and wheat}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Episodic and associative memory from spatial scaffolds in the hippocampus. NATURE, 638(8051), 739-751. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hippocampal circuits in the brain enable two distinct cognitive functions: the construction of spatial maps for navigation, and the storage of sequential episodic memories1–5. Although there have been advances in modelling spatial representations in the hippocampus6–10, we lack good models of its role in episodic memory. Here we present a neocortical–entorhinal–hippocampal network model that implements a high-capacity general associative memory, spatial memory and episodic memory. By factoring content storage from the dynamics of generating error-correcting stable states, the circuit (which we call vector hippocampal scaffolded heteroassociative memory (Vector-HaSH)) avoids the memory cliff of prior memory models11,12, and instead exhibits a graceful trade-off between number of stored items and recall detail. A pre-structured internal scaffold based on grid cell states is essential for constructing even non-spatial episodic memory: it enables high-capacity sequence memorization by abstracting the chaining problem into one of learning low-dimensional transitions. Vector-HaSH reproduces several hippocampal experiments on spatial mapping and context-based representations, and provides a circuit model of the ‘memory palaces’ used by memory athletes13. Thus, this work provides a unified understanding of the spatial mapping and associative and episodic memory roles of the hippocampus. A neocortical–entorhinal–hippocampal network model based on grid cell states recapitulates experimental results and reconciles the spatial, associative and episodic memory roles of the hippocampus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chandra, Sarthak and Sharma, Sugandha and Chaudhuri, Rishidev and Fiete, Ila}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08392-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {739-751}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Episodic and associative memory from spatial scaffolds in the hippocampus}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells. NATURE, 638(8051), 729-738. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DNA is subject to continual damage, leaving each cell with thousands of individual DNA lesions at any given moment1–3. The efficiency of DNA repair means that most known classes of lesion have a half-life of minutes to hours3,4, but the extent to which DNA damage can persist for longer durations remains unknown. Here, using high-resolution phylogenetic trees from 89 donors, we identified mutations arising from 818 DNA lesions that persisted across multiple cell cycles in normal human stem cells from blood, liver and bronchial epithelium5–12. Persistent DNA lesions occurred at increased rates, with distinctive mutational signatures, in donors exposed to tobacco or chemotherapy, suggesting that they can arise from exogenous mutagens. In haematopoietic stem cells, persistent DNA lesions, probably from endogenous sources, generated the characteristic mutational signature SBS1913; occurred steadily throughout life, including in utero; and endured for 2.2 years on average, with 15–25% of lesions lasting at least 3 years. We estimate that on average, a haematopoietic stem cell has approximately eight such lesions at any moment in time, half of which will generate a mutation with each cell cycle. Overall, 16% of mutations in blood cells are attributable to SBS19, and similar proportions of driver mutations in blood cancers exhibit this signature. These data indicate the existence of a family of DNA lesions that arise from endogenous and exogenous mutagens, are present in low numbers per genome, persist for months to years, and can generate a substantial fraction of the mutation burden of somatic cells. Persistent DNA lesions can occur throughout the human lifespan and can remain in the genome of affected cells for several years and generate a substantial proportion of the mutational burden.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Spencer Chapman, Michael and Mitchell, Emily and Yoshida, Kenichi and Williams, Nicholas and Fabre, Margarete A. and Ranzoni, Anna Maria and Robinson, Philip S. and Kregar, Lori D. and Wilk, Matthias and Boettcher, Steffen and Mahbubani, Krishnaa and Saeb Parsy, Kourosh and Gowers, Kate H. C. and Janes, Sam M. and Ng, Stanley W. K. and Hoare, Matt and Green, Anthony R. and Vassiliou, George S. and Cvejic, Ana and Manz, Markus G. and Laurenti, Elisa and Martincorena, Iñigo and Stratton, Michael R. and Nangalia, Jyoti and Coorens, Tim H. H. and Campbell, Peter J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08423-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {729-738}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Expanding the human gut microbiome atlas of africa. NATURE, 638(8051), 718-728. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Population studies provide insights into the interplay between the gut microbiome and geographical, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. However, low- and middle-income countries, in which approximately 84% of the world’s population lives1, are not equitably represented in large-scale gut microbiome research2–4. Here we present the AWI-Gen 2 Microbiome Project, a cross-sectional gut microbiome study sampling 1,801 women from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. By engaging with communities that range from rural and horticultural to post-industrial and urban informal settlements, we capture a far greater breadth of the world’s population diversity. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identify taxa with geographic and lifestyle associations, including Treponema and Cryptobacteroides species loss and Bifidobacterium species gain in urban populations. We uncover 1,005 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes, and we identify antibiotic susceptibility as a factor that might drive Treponema succinifaciens absence in urban populations. Finally, we find an HIV infection signature defined by several taxa not previously associated with HIV, including Dysosmobacter welbionis and Enterocloster sp. This study represents the largest population-representative survey of gut metagenomes of African individuals so far, and paired with extensive clinical biomarkers and demographic data, provides extensive opportunity for microbiome-related discovery. A cross-sectional study from four African countries shows the importance of investigating the gut microbiome in previously under-represented populations and provides a framework for equitable microbiome research.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maghini, Dylan G. and Oduaran, Ovokeraye H. and Olubayo, Luicer A. Ingasia and Cook, Jane A. and Smyth, Natalie and Mathema, Theophilous and Belger, Carl W. and Agongo, Godfred and Boua, Palwendé R. and Choma, Solomon S. R. and Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier and Kisiangani, Isaac and Mashaba, Given R. and Micklesfield, Lisa and Mohamed, Shukri F. and Nonterah, Engelbert A. and Norris, Shane and Sorgho, Hermann and Tollman, Stephen and Wafawanaka, Floidy and Tluway, Furahini and Ramsay, Michèle and Wirbel, Jakob and Bhatt, Ami S. and Hazelhurst, Scott}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08485-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {718-728}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Expanding the human gut microbiome atlas of africa}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of neanderthal admixture. NATURE, 638(8051), 711-717. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals1–4. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia3 and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria2. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analysing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from approximately 45,000-year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany4, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kůň. We show that distant familial relationships link the Ranis and Zlatý kůň individuals and that they were part of the same small, isolated population that represents the deepest known split from the Out-of-Africa lineage. Ranis genomes harbour Neanderthal segments that originate from a single admixture event shared with all non-Africans that we date to approximately 45,000–49,000 years ago. This implies that ancestors of all non-Africans sequenced so far resided in a common population at this time, and further suggests that modern human remains older than 50,000 years from outside Africa represent different non-African populations. High-coverage and low-coverage genomic data for some of the earliest modern humans in Europe provide insights into recent admixture with Neanderthals and familial relationship links with distant communities approximately 45,000 years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sümer, Arev P. and Rougier, Hélène and Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa and Huang, Yilei and Iasi, Leonardo N. M. and Essel, Elena and Bossoms Mesa, Alba and Furtwaengler, Anja and Peyrégne, Stéphane and de Filippo, Cesare and Rohrlach, Adam B. and Pierini, Federica and Mafessoni, Fabrizio and Fewlass, Helen and Zavala, Elena I. and Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea and Bianco, Raffaela A. and Schmidt, Anna and Zorn, Julia and Nickel, Birgit and Patova, Anna and Posth, Cosimo and Smith, Geoff M. and Ruebens, Karen and Sinet-Mathiot, Virginie and Stoessel, Alexander and Dietl, Holger and Orschiedt, Jörg and Kelso, Janet and Zeberg, Hugo and Bos, Kirsten I. and Welker, Frido and Weiss, Marcel and McPherron, Shannon P. and Schüler, Tim and Hublin, Jean-Jacques and Velemínský, Petr and Brůžek, Jaroslav and Peter, Benjamin M. and Meyer, Matthias and Meller, Harald and Ringbauer, Harald and Hajdinjak, Mateja and Prüfer, Kay and Krause, Johannes}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08420-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {711-717}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of neanderthal admixture}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss. NATURE, 638(8051), 704-710. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge1–4. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species5,6, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research. We show that within-population genetic diversity is being lost over timescales likely to have been impacted by human activities, and that some conservation actions may mitigate this loss. Our dataset includes 628 species (animals, plants, fungi and chromists) across all terrestrial and most marine realms on Earth. Threats impacted two-thirds of the populations that we analysed, and less than half of the populations analysed received conservation management. Genetic diversity loss occurs globally and is a realistic prediction for many species, especially birds and mammals, in the face of threats such as land use change, disease, abiotic natural phenomena and harvesting or harassment. Conservation strategies designed to improve environmental conditions, increase population growth rates and introduce new individuals (for example, restoring connectivity or performing translocations) may maintain or even increase genetic diversity. Our findings underscore the urgent need for active, genetically informed conservation interventions to halt genetic diversity loss. A comprehensive meta-analysis of global terrestrial and marine genetic diversity covering more than three decades of research demonstrates rapid loss of genetic diversity and identifies conservation interventions that could mitigate this process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shaw, Robyn E. and Farquharson, Katherine A. and Bruford, Michael W. and Coates, David J. and Elliott, Carole P. and Mergeay, Joachim and Ottewell, Kym M. and Segelbacher, Gernot and Hoban, Sean and Hvilsom, Christina and Pérez-Espona, Sílvia and Ruņģis, Dainis and Aravanopoulos, Filippos and Bertola, Laura D. and Cotrim, Helena and Cox, Karen and Cubric-Curik, Vlatka and Ekblom, Robert and Godoy, José A. and Konopiński, Maciej K. and Laikre, Linda and Russo, Isa-Rita M. and Veličković, Nevena and Vergeer, Philippine and Vilà, Carles and Brajkovic, Vladimir and Field, David L. and Goodall-Copestake, William P. and Hailer, Frank and Hopley, Tara and Zachos, Frank E. and Alves, Paulo C. and Biedrzycka, Aleksandra and Binks, Rachel M. and Buiteveld, Joukje and Buzan, Elena and Byrne, Margaret and Huntley, Barton and Iacolina, Laura and Keehnen, Naomi L. P. and Klinga, Peter and Kopatz, Alexander and Kurland, Sara and Leonard, Jennifer A. and Manfrin, Chiara and Marchesini, Alexis and Millar, Melissa A. and Orozco-terWengel, Pablo and Ottenburghs, Jente and Posledovich, Diana and Spencer, Peter B. and Tourvas, Nikolaos and Unuk Nahberger, Tina and van Hooft, Pim and Verbylaite, Rita and Vernesi, Cristiano and Grueber, Catherine E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08458-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {704-710}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Aromatic ring-opening metathesis. NATURE, 638(8051), 697-703. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aromatic compounds are used across chemistry and materials science as a result of their stability, characteristic interactions, defined molecular shape and the numerous approaches for their synthesis by a diversity of cyclization reactions1. By contrast, the cleavage of inert aromatic carbon–carbon bonds remained largely unfeasible owing to the unfavourable energetics of disrupting aromaticity on ring opening. For non-aromatic structures, alkene metathesis catalysed by transition-metal alkylidenes is established as one of the most versatile carbon–carbon bond-forming and -breaking reactions2,3. However, despite remarkable advancements, strategies to open aromatic compounds by metathesis remain elusive4. Here we report aromatic ring-opening metathesis (ArROM) for the cleavage of aromatic rings, including tetraphene, naphthalene, indole, benzofuran and phenanthrenes, by using Schrock–Hoveyda molybdenum catalysts. The reactions for each ring system proceed through unique alkylidene intermediates. We further show the possibility for stereoselective ArROM with exquisite catalyst control over the configuration of atropisomers. ArROM is, therefore, a viable and efficient approach to catalytically transform and interconvert various aromatics without the requirement for any reagents or photoexcitation. Aromatic ring-opening metathesis using Schrock–Hoveyda molybdenum catalysts enables the efficient cleavage of stable aromatic compounds such as tetraphene and naphthalene, offering controlled transformations without reagents or photoexcitation and overcoming previous challenges in aromatic bond cleavage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hutskalova, Valeriia and Sparr, Christof}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08472-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {697-703}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Aromatic ring-opening metathesis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Shielding pt/γ-Mo2N by inert nano-overlays enables stable h2 production. NATURE, 638(8051), 690-696. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The use of reactive supports to disperse metal species is crucial for constructing highly efficient interfacial catalysts, by tuning the competitive reactant adsorption–activation pattern in supported metal catalysts into a non-competitive mechanism1–3. However, these reactive supports are prone to deterioration during catalysis, limiting the lifespan of the catalyst and their potential practical applications4. New strategies are needed to simultaneously protect reactive supports and surface metal species without compromising the inherent catalytic performance. Here we report a new strategy to augment the structural stability of highly active interfacial catalysts by using inert nano-overlays to partially shield and partition the surface of the reactive support. Specifically, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed inert oxide nano-overlays on a highly active Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst can block the redundant surface sites of γ-Mo2N responsible for surface oxidation of this reactive support and the resulting deactivation. This strategy yields an efficient and highly durable catalyst for hydrogen production by methanol-reforming reaction with a mere 0.26 wt% Pt loading, exhibiting a record-high turnover number, to our knowledge, of 15,300,000 and a notable apparent turnover frequency of $$\mathrm{24,500}\,{\text{mol}}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}}\,{\text{mol}}_{{\rm{metal}}}^{-1}\,{\text{h}}^{-1}$$ . This innovative approach showcases the prospects of reducing noble metal consumption and boosting longevity, which could be applied to design effective and stable heterogeneous catalysts. Atomically dispersed inert oxide nano-overlays on a highly active Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst can block the redundant surface sites of γ-Mo2N responsible for surface oxidation of this reactive support and the resulting deactivation, without compromising the intrinsic activity of active Pt@Mo2N interface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gao, Zirui and Li, Aowen and Liu, Xingwu and Peng, Mi and Yu, Shixiang and Wang, Maolin and Ge, Yuzhen and Li, Chengyu and Wang, Tie and Wang, Zhaohua and Zhou, Wu and Ma, Ding}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08483-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {690-696}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Shielding pt/γ-Mo2N by inert nano-overlays enables stable h2 production}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stronger and coarser-grained biodegradable zinc alloys. NATURE, 638(8051), 684-689. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Zinc is emerging as a key material for next-generation biodegradable implants1–5. However, its inherent softness limits its use in load-bearing orthopaedic implants. Although reducing the grain size of zinc can make it stronger, it also destabilizes its mechanical properties and thus makes it less durable at body temperature6. Here we show that extruded Zn alloys of dilute compositions can achieve ultrahigh strength and excellent durability when their micron-scale grain size is increased while maintaining a basal texture. In this inverse Hall–Petch effect, the dominant deformation mode changes from inter-granular grain boundary sliding and dynamic recrystallization at the original grain size to intra-granular pyramidal slip and unusual twinning at the increased grain size. The role of the anomalous twins, termed ‘accommodation twins’ in this work, is to accommodate the altered grain shape in the plane lying perpendicular to the external loading direction, in contrast to the well-known ‘mechanical twins’ whose role is to deliver plasticity along the external loading direction7,8. The strength level achieved in these dilute zinc alloys is nearly double those of biodegradable implants made of magnesium alloys—making them the strongest and most stable biodegradable alloys available, to our knowledge, for fabricating bone fixation implants. Extruded zinc alloys of dilute compositions can achieve ultrahigh strength and excellent durability when their micron-scale grain size is increased.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Chengcheng and Lin, Fengxiang and Liu, Hong and Pelletier, Matthew H. and Lloyd, Max and Walsh, Williams R. and Nie, Jian-Feng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08415-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {684-689}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stronger and coarser-grained biodegradable zinc alloys}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). External li supply reshapes li deficiency and lifetime limit of batteries. NATURE, 638(8051), 676-683. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lithium (Li) ions are central to the energy storing functionality of rechargeable batteries1. Present technology relies on sophisticated Li-inclusive electrode materials to provide Li ions and exactingly protect them to ensure a decent lifetime2. Li-deficient materials are thus excluded from battery design, and the battery fails when active Li ions are consumed3. Our study breaks this limit by means of a cell-level Li supply strategy. This involves externally adding an organic Li salt into an assembled cell, which decomposes during cell formation, liberating Li ions and expelling organic ligands as gases. This non-invasive and rapid process preserves cell integrity without necessitating disassembly. We leveraged machine learning to discover such functional salts and identified lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate (LiSO2CF3) with optimal electrochemical activity, potential, product formation, electrolyte solubility and specific capacity. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated a 3.0 V, 1,192 Wh kg−1 Li-free cathode, chromium oxide, in the anode-less cell, as well as an organic sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode incorporated in a 388 Wh kg−1 pouch cell with a 440-cycle life. These systems exhibit improved energy density, enhanced sustainability and reduced cost compared with conventional Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, the lifetime of commercial LiFePO4 batteries was extended by at least an order of magnitude. With repeated external Li supplies, a commercial graphite|LiFePO4 cell displayed a capacity retention of 96.0% after 11,818 cycles. A strategy is reported that improves the performance and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries by adding organic Li salt after assembly, which decomposes during cell formation, liberating Li ions and expelling organic ligands as gases.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Shu and Wu, Guanbin and Jiang, Haibo and Wang, Jifeng and Chen, Tiantian and Han, Chenyang and Wang, Wenwen and Yang, Rongchen and Zhao, Jiahua and Tang, Zhihang and Gong, Xiaocheng and Li, Chuanfa and Zhu, Mengyao and Zhang, Kun and Xu, Yifei and Wang, Ying and Hu, Zhe and Chen, Peining and Wang, Bingjie and Zhang, Kai and Xia, Yongyao and Peng, Huisheng and Gao, Yue}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08465-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {676-683}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {External li supply reshapes li deficiency and lifetime limit of batteries}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Aqueous-based recycling of perovskite photovoltaics. NATURE, 638(8051), 670-675. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cumulative silicon photovoltaic (PV) waste highlights the importance of considering waste recycling before the commercialization of emerging PV technologies1,2. Perovskite PVs are a promising next-generation technology3, in which recycling their end-of-life waste can reduce the toxic waste and retain resources4,5. Here we report a low-cost, green-solvent-based holistic recycling strategy to restore all valuable components from perovskite PV waste. We develop an efficient aqueous-based perovskite recycling approach that can also rejuvenate degraded perovskites. We further extend the scope of recycling to charge-transport layers, substrates, cover glasses and metal electrodes. After repeated degradation–recycling processes, the recycled devices show similar efficiency and stability compared with the fresh devices. Our holistic recycling strategy reduces by 96.6% resource depletion and by 68.8% human toxicity (cancer effects) impacts associated with perovskite PVs compared with the landfill treatment. With recycling, the levelized cost of electricity also decreases for both utility-scale and residential systems. This study highlights unique opportunities of perovskite PVs for holistic recycling and paves the way for a sustainable perovskite solar economy. A recycling strategy based predominantly on the use of water to restore and reuse valuable components from perovskite photovoltaic waste is described, with recycled devices showing similar efficiency and stability compared with fresh devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xiao, Xun and Xu, Niansheng and Tian, Xueyu and Zhang, Tiankai and Wang, Bingzheng and Wang, Xiaoming and Xian, Yeming and Lu, Chunyuan and Ou, Xiangyu and Yan, Yanfa and Sun, Licheng and You, Fengqi and Gao, Feng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08408-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {670-675}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Aqueous-based recycling of perovskite photovoltaics}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. NATURE, 638(8051), 664-669. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it. Nominally identical materials are found to spontaneously order into triboelectric series over repeated processes, which is found to be driven by the act of contact itself using experiments as well as numerical simulations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sobarzo, Juan Carlos and Pertl, Felix and Balazs, Daniel M. and Costanzo, Tommaso and Sauer, Markus and Foelske, Annette and Ostermann, Markus and Pichler, Christian M. and Wang, Yongkang and Nagata, Yuki and Bonn, Mischa and Waitukaitis, Scott}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {664-669}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). World and human action models towards gameplay ideation. NATURE, 638(8051), 656-663. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform creative industries through supporting human creative ideation—the generation of new ideas1–5. However, limitations in model capabilities raise key challenges in integrating these technologies more fully into creative practices. Iterative tweaking and divergent thinking remain key to enabling creativity support using technology6,7, yet these practices are insufficiently supported by state-of-the-art generative AI models. Using game development as a lens, we demonstrate that we can make use of an understanding of user needs to drive the development and evaluation of generative AI models in a way that aligns with these creative practices. Concretely, we introduce a state-of-the-art generative model, the World and Human Action Model (WHAM), and show that it can generate consistent and diverse gameplay sequences and persist user modifications—three capabilities that we identify as being critical for this alignment. In contrast to previous approaches to creativity support tools that required manually defining or extracting structure for relatively narrow domains, generative AI models can learn relevant structure from available data, opening the potential for a much broader range of applications. A state-of-the-art generative artificial intelligence model of a video game is introduced to allow the support of human creative ideation, with the analysis of user study data highlighting three necessary capabilities, namely, consistency, diversity and persistency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kanervisto, Anssi and Bignell, Dave and Wen, Linda Yilin and Grayson, Martin and Georgescu, Raluca and Valcarcel Macua, Sergio and Tan, Shan Zheng and Rashid, Tabish and Pearce, Tim and Cao, Yuhan and Lemkhenter, Abdelhak and Jiang, Chentian and Costello, Gavin and Gupta, Gunshi and Tot, Marko and Ishida, Shu and Gupta, Tarun and Arora, Udit and White, Ryen W. and Devlin, Sam and Morrison, Cecily and Hofmann, Katja}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08600-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {656-663}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {World and human action models towards gameplay ideation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices. NATURE, 638(8051), 651-655. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The fusion of non-Abelian anyons is a fundamental operation in measurement-only topological quantum computation1. In one-dimensional topological superconductors (1DTSs)2–4, fusion amounts to a determination of the shared fermion parity of Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Here we introduce a device architecture5 that is compatible with future tests of fusion rules. We implement a single-shot interferometric measurement of fermion parity6–11 in indium arsenide–aluminium heterostructures with a gate-defined superconducting nanowire12–14. The interferometer is formed by tunnel-coupling the proximitized nanowire to quantum dots. The nanowire causes a state-dependent shift of the quantum capacitance of these quantum dots of up to 1 fF. Our quantum-capacitance measurements show flux h/2e-periodic bimodality with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1 in 3.6 μs at optimal flux values. From the time traces of the quantum-capacitance measurements, we extract a dwell time in the two associated states that is longer than 1 ms at in-plane magnetic fields of approximately 2 T. We discuss the interpretation of our measurements in terms of both topologically trivial and non-trivial origins. The large capacitance shift and long poisoning time enable a parity measurement with an assignment error probability of 1%. A device architecture based on indium arsenide–aluminium heterostructures with a gate-defined superconducting nanowire allows single-shot interferometric measurement of fermion parity and demonstrates an assignment error probability of 1%.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Aghaee, Morteza and Alcaraz Ramirez, Alejandro and Alam, Zulfi and Ali, Rizwan and Andrzejczuk, Mariusz and Antipov, Andrey and Astafev, Mikhail and Barzegar, Amin and Bauer, Bela and Becker, Jonathan and Bhaskar, Umesh Kumar and Bocharov, Alex and Boddapati, Srini and Bohn, David and Bommer, Jouri and Bourdet, Leo and Bousquet, Arnaud and Boutin, Samuel and Casparis, Lucas and Chapman, Benjamin J. and Chatoor, Sohail and Christensen, Anna Wulff and Chua, Cassandra and Codd, Patrick and Cole, William and Cooper, Paul and Corsetti, Fabiano and Cui, Ajuan and Dalpasso, Paolo and Dehollain, Juan Pablo and de Lange, Gijs and de Moor, Michiel and Ekefjärd, Andreas and El Dandachi, Tareq and Estrada Saldaña, Juan Carlos and Fallahi, Saeed and Galletti, Luca and Gardner, Geoff and Govender, Deshan and Griggio, Flavio and Grigoryan, Ruben and Grijalva, Sebastian and Gronin, Sergei and Gukelberger, Jan and Hamdast, Marzie and Hamze, Firas and Hansen, Esben Bork and Heedt, Sebastian and Heidarnia, Zahra and Herranz Zamorano, Jesús and Ho, Samantha and Holgaard, Laurens and Hornibrook, John and Indrapiromkul, Jinnapat and Ingerslev, Henrik and Ivancevic, Lovro and Jensen, Thomas and Jhoja, Jaspreet and Jones, Jeffrey and Kalashnikov, Konstantin V. and Kallaher, Ray and Kalra, Rachpon and Karimi, Farhad and Karzig, Torsten and King, Evelyn and Kloster, Maren Elisabeth and Knapp, Christina and Kocon, Dariusz and Koski, Jonne V. and Kostamo, Pasi and Kumar, Mahesh and Laeven, Tom and Larsen, Thorvald and Lee, Jason and Lee, Kyunghoon and Leum, Grant and Li, Kongyi and Lindemann, Tyler and Looij, Matthew and Love, Julie and Lucas, Marijn and Lutchyn, Roman and Madsen, Morten Hannibal and Madulid, Nash and Malmros, Albert and Manfra, Michael and Mantri, Devashish and Markussen, Signe Brynold and Martinez, Esteban and Mattila, Marco and McNeil, Robert and Mei, Antonio B. and Mishmash, Ryan V. and Mohandas, Gopakumar and Mollgaard, Christian and Morgan, Trevor and Moussa, George and Nayak, Chetan and Nielsen, Jens Hedegaard and Nielsen, Jens Munk and Nielsen, William Hvidtfelt Padkar and Nijholt, Bas and Nystrom, Mike and O’Farrell, Eoin and Ohki, Thomas and Otani, Keita and Paquelet Wütz, Brian and Pauka, Sebastian and Petersson, Karl and Petit, Luca and Pikulin, Dima and Prawiroatmodjo, Guen and Preiss, Frank and Puchol Morejon, Eduardo and Rajpalke, Mohana and Ranta, Craig and Rasmussen, Katrine and Razmadze, David and Reentila, Outi and Reilly, David J. and Ren, Yuan and Reneris, Ken and Rouse, Richard and Sadovskyy, Ivan and Sainiemi, Lauri and Sanlorenzo, Irene and Schmidgall, Emma and Sfiligoj, Cristina and Shah, Mustafeez Bashir and Simoes, Kevin and Singh, Shilpi and Sinha, Sarat and Soerensen, Thomas and Sohr, Patrick and Stankevic, Tomas and Stek, Lieuwe and Stuppard, Eric and Suominen, Henri and Suter, Judith and Teicher, Sam and Thiyagarajah, Nivetha and Tholapi, Raj and Thomas, Mason and Toomey, Emily and Tracy, Josh and Turley, Michelle and Upadhyay, Shivendra and Urban, Ivan and Van Hoogdalem, Kevin and Van Woerkom, David J. and Viazmitinov, Dmitrii V. and Vogel, Dominik and Watson, John and Webster, Alex and Weston, Joseph and Winkler, Georg W. and Xu, Di and Yang, Chung Kai and Yucelen, Emrah and Zeisel, Roland and Zheng, Guoji and Zilke, Justin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08445-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {651-655}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Manipulation of the altermagnetic order in CrSb via crystal symmetry. NATURE, 638(8051), 645-650. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Crystal symmetry guides the development of condensed matter. The unique crystal symmetry connecting magnetic sublattices not only distinguishes altermagnetism1–6 from ferromagnetism and conventional antiferromagnetism but also enables it to combine the advantages of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism4,5. Altermagnetic order is essentially a magnetic crystal order7, determined by the magnetic-order (Néel) vector and crystal symmetry. Previous experimental studies have concentrated on manipulating the altermagnetic symmetry by tuning the Néel vector orientations8–12. However, manipulation of the crystal symmetry, which holds great promise for manipulating the altermagnetic order, remains challenging. Here we realize the manipulation of altermagnetic order in chromium antimonide (CrSb) films via crystal symmetry. The locking between the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya vector and the magnetic space symmetry helps to reconstruct the altermagnetic order, from a collinear Néel vector to a canted one. It generates a room-temperature spontaneous anomalous Hall effect in an altermagnet. The relative direction between the current-induced spin polarization and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya vector determines the switching modes of altermagnetic order, that is, parallel for the field-assisted mode in CrSb $$(1\bar{1}00)$$ /Pt and non-parallel for the field-free mode in W/CrSb $$(11\bar{2}0)$$ . The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya vector induces an asymmetric energy barrier in the field-assisted mode and generates an asymmetric driving force in the field-free mode. In particular, the latter is guaranteed by the emerging Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya torque in altermagnets. Reconstructing crystal symmetry adds a new twist to the manipulation of altermagnetic order. It not only underpins the magnetic-memory and nano-oscillator technology4,5 but also inspires crossover studies between altermagnetism and other research topics. The altermagnetic order in CrSb films can be manipulated via crystal symmetry; the reconstructed altermagnetic order generates a room-temperature spontaneous anomalous Hall effect and designable switching modes as field-assisted and field-free modes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Zhiyuan and Cheng, Xingkai and Hu, Mengli and Chu, Ruiyue and Bai, Hua and Han, Lei and Liu, Junwei and Pan, Feng and Song, Cheng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08436-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {645-650}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Manipulation of the altermagnetic order in CrSb via crystal symmetry}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Direct experimental constraints on the spatial extent of a neutrino wavepacket. NATURE, 638(8051), 640-644. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite their high relative abundance in our Universe, neutrinos are the least understood fundamental particles of nature. In fact, the quantum properties of neutrinos emitted in experimentally relevant sources are theoretically contested1–4 and the spatial extent of the neutrino wavepacket is only loosely constrained by reactor neutrino oscillation data with a spread of 13 orders of magnitude5,6. Here we present a method to directly access this quantity by precisely measuring the energy width of the recoil daughter nucleus emitted in the radioactive decay of beryllium-7. The final state in the decay process contains a recoiling lithium-7 nucleus, which is entangled with an electron neutrino at creation. The lithium-7 energy spectrum is measured to high precision by directly embedding beryllium-7 radioisotopes into a high-resolution superconducting tunnel junction that is operated as a cryogenic sensor. Under this approach, we set a lower limit on the Heisenberg spatial uncertainty of the recoil daughter of 6.2 pm, which implies that the final-state system is localized at a scale more than a thousand times larger than the nucleus itself. From this measurement, the first, to our knowledge, direct lower limit on the spatial extent of a neutrino wavepacket is extracted. These results may have implications in several areas including the theoretical understanding of neutrino properties, the nature of localization in weak nuclear decays and the interpretation of neutrino physics data. An innovative method using superconducting sensors precisely measures the recoil energy of lithium-7 nuclei, setting a lower limit on the spatial extent of neutrino wavepackets, advancing understanding of neutrino properties and weak nuclear decays.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smolsky, Joseph and Leach, Kyle G. and Abells, Ryan and Amaro, Pedro and Andoche, Adrien and Borbridge, Keith and Bray, Connor and Cantor, Robin and Diercks, David and Fretwell, Spencer and Friedrich, Stephan and Gillespie, Abigail and Guerra, Mauro and Hall, Ad and Harris, Cameron N. and Harris, Jackson T. and Hayen, Leendert M. and Hervieux, Paul-Antoine and Hinkle, Calvin and Kim, Geon-Bo and Kim, Inwook and Lamm, Amii and Lennarz, Annika and Lordi, Vincenzo and Machado, Jorge and Marino, Andrew and McKeen, David and Mougeot, Xavier and Ponce, Francisco and Ruiz, Chris and Samanta, Amit and Santos, José Paulo and Stone-Whitehead, Caitlyn and Taylor, John and Templet, Joseph and Upadhyayula, Sriteja and Wagner, Louis and Warburton, William K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08479-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {640-644}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Direct experimental constraints on the spatial extent of a neutrino wavepacket}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hydrogen escaping from a pair of exoplanets smaller than neptune. NATURE, 638(8051), 636-639. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Exoplanet surveys have shown a class of abundant exoplanets smaller than Neptune on close, <100-day orbits1–4. These planets form two populations separated by a natural division at about 1.8 R⊕ termed the radius valley. It is uncertain whether these populations arose from separate dry versus water-rich formation channels, evolved apart because of long-term atmospheric loss or a combination of both5–14. Here we report observations of ongoing hydrogen loss from two sibling planets, TOI-776 b (1.85 ± 0.13 R⊕) and TOI-776 c (2.02 ± 0.14 R⊕), the sizes of which near the radius valley and mature (1–4 Gyr) age make them valuable for investigating the origins of the divided population of which they are a part. During the transits of these planets, absorption appeared against the Lyman-α emission of the host star, compatible with hydrogen escape at rates equivalent to 0.03–0.6% and 0.1–0.9% of the total mass per billion years of each planet, respectively. Observations of the outer planet, TOI-776 c, are incompatible with an outflow of dissociated steam, suggesting both it and its inner sibling formed in a dry environment. These observations support the strong role of hydrogen loss in the evolution of close-orbiting sub-Neptunes5–8,15,16. Ongoing hydrogen loss from two sibling exoplanets provides support for the role of such hydrogen loss in the evolution of close-orbiting sub-Neptunes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Loyd, R. O. Parke and Schreyer, Ethan and Owen, James E. and Rogers, James G. and Broome, Madelyn I. and Shkolnik, Evgenya L. and Murray-Clay, Ruth and Wilson, David J. and Peacock, Sarah and Teske, Johanna and Schlichting, Hilke E. and Duvvuri, Girish M. and Youngblood, Allison and Schneider, P. Christian and France, Kevin and Giacalone, Steven and Batalha, Natasha E. and Schneider, Adam C. and Longo, Isabella and Barman, Travis and Ardila, David R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08490-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {636-639}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hydrogen escaping from a pair of exoplanets smaller than neptune}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Artificial intelligence for modelling infectious disease epidemics. NATURE, 638(8051), 623-635. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Infectious disease threats to individual and public health are numerous, varied and frequently unexpected. Artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies, which are already supporting human decision making in economics, medicine and social science, have the potential to transform the scope and power of infectious disease epidemiology. Here we consider the application to infectious disease modelling of AI systems that combine machine learning, computational statistics, information retrieval and data science. We first outline how recent advances in AI can accelerate breakthroughs in answering key epidemiological questions and we discuss specific AI methods that can be applied to routinely collected infectious disease surveillance data. Second, we elaborate on the social context of AI for infectious disease epidemiology, including issues such as explainability, safety, accountability and ethics. Finally, we summarize some limitations of AI applications in this field and provide recommendations for how infectious disease epidemiology can harness most effectively current and future developments in AI. This Perspective considers the application to infectious disease modelling of AI systems that combine machine learning, computational statistics, information retrieval and data science.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kraemer, Moritz U. G. and Tsui, Joseph L.-H. and Chang, Serina Y. and Lytras, Spyros and Khurana, Mark P. and Vanderslott, Samantha and Bajaj, Sumali and Scheidwasser, Neil and Curran-Sebastian, Jacob Liam and Semenova, Elizaveta and Zhang, Mengyan and Unwin, H. Juliette T. and Watson, Oliver J. and Mills, Cathal and Dasgupta, Abhishek and Ferretti, Luca and Scarpino, Samuel V. and Koua, Etien and Morgan, Oliver and Tegally, Houriiyah and Paquet, Ulrich and Moutsianas, Loukas and Fraser, Christophe and Ferguson, Neil M. and Topol, Eric J. and Duchêne, David A. and Stadler, Tanja and Kingori, Patricia and Parker, Michael J. and Dominici, Francesca and Shadbolt, Nigel and Suchard, Marc A. and Ratmann, Oliver and Flaxman, Seth and Holmes, Edward C. and Gomez-Rodriguez, Manuel and Schölkopf, Bernhard and Donnelly, Christl A. and Pybus, Oliver G. and Cauchemez, Simon and Bhatt, Samir}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08564-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {623-635}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Artificial intelligence for modelling infectious disease epidemics}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ancient human genomes offer clues about the earliest migrations out of africa. NATURE, 638(8051), 620-621. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Analyses of 45,000-year-old bones from Europe allow scientists to pin down when modern humans interbred with Neanderthals, shedding light on the histories of populations with no present-day descendants. Oldest Homo sapiens genomes point to dates of mixture with Neanderthals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Martinón-Torres, María and Lalueza-Fox, Carles}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00182-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {620-621}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ancient human genomes offer clues about the earliest migrations out of africa}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The structure of bad cholesterol comes into focus. NATURE, 638(8051), 618-620. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Insights into how cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoproteins are structured, and how they interact with receptors to enter cells, could help to clarify the role of these particles in cardiovascular disease. High-resolution structures of low-density lipoprotein.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Davidson, W. Sean}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04210-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {618-620}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The structure of bad cholesterol comes into focus}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The 1925 debate about adopting the word ‘scientist’ heats up. NATURE, 638(8051), 618. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The pros and cons of a word gaining popularity, and publication of an updated edition of a book by Charles Darwin in this week’s pick from the Nature archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00464-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {618}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The 1925 debate about adopting the word ‘scientist’ heats up}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The secrets of static electricity are finally being revealed. NATURE, 638(8051), 616-618. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mechanism that causes static electricity to build up is a mystery. Experiments now reveal that materials ‘remember’ past contacts with each other — and this determines how electric charge is transferred in future contacts. Transfer of charge between surfaces influenced by contact history.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lacks, Daniel J. and Sow, Mamadou}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00298-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {616-618}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The secrets of static electricity are finally being revealed}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Conservation strategies aided by assessment of global genetic diversity. NATURE, 638(8051), 615-616. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An analysis of published data reveals how genetic diversity has been changing in populations of 622 terrestrial and marine species and the effectiveness of different types of intervention to boost genetic diversity. Assessment of how genetic diversity has been changing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nogués-Bravo, David and Rahbek, Carsten}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00083-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {615-616}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Conservation strategies aided by assessment of global genetic diversity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A sustainable ocean needs thriving ocean societies. NATURE, 638(8051), 614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Claudet, Joachim and Blythe, Jessica and Gill, David}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00494-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A sustainable ocean needs thriving ocean societies}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Charles darwin saw the importance of development in evolution. NATURE, 638(8051), 614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Yongsheng}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00495-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Charles darwin saw the importance of development in evolution}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Don’t overlook the mental-health costs of california’s wildfires. NATURE, 638(8051), 614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mor-Ben-Ishai, Shir and Levin, Yafit and Ben-Ezra, Menachem}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00496-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Don’t overlook the mental-health costs of california’s wildfires}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A giant leap for machine translation could be even bigger. NATURE, 638(8051), 614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Su, Chao}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00497-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A giant leap for machine translation could be even bigger}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Federico mayor zaragoza obituary: Former UNESCO chief who championed neonatal screening. NATURE, 638(8051), 613. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The biochemist introduced the first heel-prick tests for newborn babies in Spain, protecting infants from life-changing metabolic conditions. The biochemist introduced the first heel-prick tests for newborn babies in Spain, protecting infants from life-changing metabolic conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Avila, Jesús and Mayor Jr, Federico and Bovolenta, Paola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00445-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {613}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Federico mayor zaragoza obituary: Former UNESCO chief who championed neonatal screening}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Poetry on mars and robots on earth: Books in brief. NATURE, 638(8051), 611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00391-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Poetry on mars and robots on earth: Books in brief}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China made waves with deepseek, but its real ambition is AI-driven industrial innovation. NATURE, 638(8051), 609-611. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The country is betting on AI to develop practical, cost-effective business tools for global markets, especially lower-income countries. The country is betting on AI to develop practical, cost-effective business tools for global markets, especially lower-income countries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dreyer, Jacob}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00460-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {609-611}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China made waves with deepseek, but its real ambition is AI-driven industrial innovation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Researchers overlooked airborne diseases for centuries — Then COVID-19 changed everything. NATURE, 638(8051), 607-608. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A fascinating exploration of microbes that can travel through the air reveals how the pandemic marked a turning point for a crucial research field. A fascinating exploration of microbes that can travel through the air reveals how the pandemic marked a turning point for a crucial research field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marr, Linsey C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00459-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {607-608}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Researchers overlooked airborne diseases for centuries — Then COVID-19 changed everything}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Money and murder: The dark side of the asilomar meeting on recombinant DNA. NATURE, 638(8051), 603-606. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The famed 1975 conference about a controversial genetic technology is feted as an example of how scientific self-regulation works. But more significant is what wasn’t discussed. The famed 1975 conference about a controversial genetic technology is feted as an example of how scientific self-regulation works. But more significant is what wasn’t discussed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cobb, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00457-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {603-606}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Money and murder: The dark side of the asilomar meeting on recombinant DNA}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Migraine is more than a headache — A radical rethink offers hope to one billion people. NATURE, 638(8051), 600-602. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Drugs that can prevent or relieve migraine attacks are only effective for some people. Research is starting to untangle the reasons why. Drugs that can prevent or relieve migraine attacks are only effective for some people. Research is starting to untangle the reasons why.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schwaller, Fred}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00456-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {600-602}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Migraine is more than a headache — A radical rethink offers hope to one billion people}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Exclusive: These universities have the most retracted scientific articles. NATURE, 638(8051), 596-599. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A first-of-its-kind analysis by Nature reveals which institutions are retraction hotspots. A first-of-its-kind analysis by Nature reveals which institutions are retraction hotspots.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Van Noorden, Richard}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00455-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {596-599}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Exclusive: These universities have the most retracted scientific articles}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A man was destined for early alzheimer’s — These genes might explain his escape. NATURE, 638(8051), 594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Scientists identify nine genetic variants that could have helped a man to avoid dementia for at least two decades longer than expected. Scientists identify nine genetic variants that could have helped a man to avoid dementia for at least two decades longer than expected.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reardon, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00398-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A man was destined for early alzheimer’s — These genes might explain his escape}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earth’s mysterious inner core really is changing shape. NATURE, 638(8051), 593-594. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Earthquakes ringing through the planet illuminate how its heart is transforming. Earthquakes ringing through the planet illuminate how its heart is transforming.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00395-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {593-594}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earth’s mysterious inner core really is changing shape}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are PhDs losing their lustre? why fewer students are enrolling in doctoral degrees. NATURE, 638(8051), 592-593. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High living costs paired with stagnant stipends are being blamed for a drop in PhD enrolments in several countries. High living costs paired with stagnant stipends are being blamed for a drop in PhD enrolments in several countries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00425-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {592-593}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are PhDs losing their lustre? why fewer students are enrolling in doctoral degrees}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The weight-loss drugs being tested in 2025: Will they beat ozempic?. NATURE, 638(8051), 591-592. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Drug companies are trialling a host of medications that they hope will offer benefits beyond weight loss. Drug companies are trialling a host of medications that they hope will offer benefits beyond weight loss.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00376-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {591-592}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The weight-loss drugs being tested in 2025: Will they beat ozempic?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How centuries of isolation shaped greenlanders’ unique genetics. NATURE, 638(8051), 590-591. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Centuries of isolation have given Greenlanders a genetic profile that includes Arctic-specific variants. Centuries of isolation have given Greenlanders a genetic profile that includes Arctic-specific variants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kreier, Freda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00443-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {590-591}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How centuries of isolation shaped greenlanders’ unique genetics}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientists globally are racing to save vital health databases taken down amid trump chaos. NATURE, 638(8051), 589-590. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The mass-archiving effort is in response to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removing some of its web pages. The mass-archiving effort is in response to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removing some of its web pages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00374-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {589-590}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientists globally are racing to save vital health databases taken down amid trump chaos}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). DeepMind AI crushes tough maths problems on par with top human solvers. NATURE, 638(8051), 589. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The company’s AlphaGeometry 2 reaches the level of gold-medal students in the International Mathematical Olympiad. The company’s AlphaGeometry 2 reaches the level of gold-medal students in the International Mathematical Olympiad.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00406-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {589}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {DeepMind AI crushes tough maths problems on par with top human solvers}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These gaza scientists are keeping research alive amid war, destruction and uncertainty. NATURE, 638(8051), 587-588. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers in Gaza tell Nature of ‘unwavering commitment to education and knowledge’ as most universities lie damaged or destroyed. Researchers in Gaza tell Nature of ‘unwavering commitment to education and knowledge’ as most universities lie damaged or destroyed.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Catanzaro, Michele}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00160-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {587-588}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These gaza scientists are keeping research alive amid war, destruction and uncertainty}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transylvanian diaries reveal centuries-old climate extremes. NATURE, 638(8051), 585. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Droughts, extreme heat and destructive flooding plagued the region in the sixteenth century, historical documents show. Droughts, extreme heat and destructive flooding plagued the region in the sixteenth century, historical documents show.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00393-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {585}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transylvanian diaries reveal centuries-old climate extremes}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bullseye! galaxy hosts a record-breaking nine starry rings. NATURE, 638(8051), 585. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Astronomers trace the striking pattern to an encounter between a big galaxy and a much smaller one some 50 million years ago. Astronomers trace the striking pattern to an encounter between a big galaxy and a much smaller one some 50 million years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00399-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {585}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bullseye! galaxy hosts a record-breaking nine starry rings}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gourmet cockatoos like to fancy up their food. NATURE, 638(8051), 585. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Make mine blueberry: Goffin’s cockatoos add flair to plain vegetables with a dip into fruity soya yogurt. Make mine blueberry: Goffin’s cockatoos add flair to plain vegetables with a dip into fruity soya yogurt.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00400-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {585}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gourmet cockatoos like to fancy up their food}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). From farm to pharmacy: Gene-edited plants produce a popular supplement. NATURE, 638(8051), 585. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Widely grown crops can be bioengineered to make a form of coenzyme Q taken by people seeking a health boost. Widely grown crops can be bioengineered to make a form of coenzyme Q taken by people seeking a health boost.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00401-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {585}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {From farm to pharmacy: Gene-edited plants produce a popular supplement}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Women need platforms to celebrate excellence in research and technology. NATURE, 638(8051), 582. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature is proud to be associated with a new award for women in technology. The world needs more prizes for exceptional researchers and innovators. Nature is proud to be associated with a new award for women in technology. The world needs more prizes for exceptional researchers and innovators.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00510-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {582}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Women need platforms to celebrate excellence in research and technology}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why retractions data could be a powerful tool for cleaning up science. NATURE, 638(8051), 581. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A Nature analysis of retractions hotspots around the world suggests institutions should pay close attention to retractions data. A Nature analysis of retractions hotspots around the world suggests institutions should pay close attention to retractions data.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00509-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8051}, pages = {581}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why retractions data could be a powerful tool for cleaning up science}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Editorial expression of concern: Telomere dysfunction and atm deficiency compromises organ homeostasis and accelerates ageing. NATURE, 638(8050), E7. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wong, Kwok-Kin and Maser, Richard S. and Bachoo, Robert M. and Menon, Jayant and Carrasco, Daniel R. and Gu, Yansong and Alt, Frederick W. and DePinho, Ronald A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08654-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E7}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Editorial expression of concern: Telomere dysfunction and atm deficiency compromises organ homeostasis and accelerates ageing}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. NATURE, 638(8050), E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qu, Qi and Chen, Yan and Wang, Yu and Long, Shating and Wang, Weiche and Yang, Heng-Ye and Li, Mengqi and Tian, Xiao and Wei, Xiaoyan and Liu, Yan-Hui and Xu, Shengrong and Zhang, Cixiong and Zhu, Mingxia and Lam, Sin Man and Wu, Jianfeng and Yun, Chuyu and Chen, Junjie and Xue, Shengye and Zhang, Baoding and Zheng, Zhong-Zheng and Piao, Hai-Long and Jiang, Changtao and Guo, Hao and Shui, Guanghou and Deng, Xianming and Zhang, Chen-Song and Lin, Sheng-Cai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08693-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in iron age britain. NATURE, 638(8050), E5. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cassidy, Lara M. and Russell, Miles and Smith, Martin and Delbarre, Gabrielle and Cheetham, Paul and Manley, Harry and Mattiangeli, Valeria and Breslin, Emily M. and Jackson, Iseult and McCann, Maeve and Little, Harry and O’Connor, Ciarán G. and Heaslip, Beth and Lawson, Daniel and Endicott, Phillip and Bradley, Daniel G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08679-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E5}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in iron age britain}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment. NATURE, 638(8050), E4. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen-Liaw, Alice and Aggarwala, Varun and Mogno, Ilaria and Haifer, Craig and Li, Zhihua and Eggers, Joseph and Helmus, Drew and Hart, Amy and Wehkamp, Jan and Lamousé-Smith, Esi S. N. and Kerby, Robert L. and Rey, Federico E. and Colombel, Jean Frédéric and Kamm, Michael A. and Olle, Bernat and Norman, Jason M. and Menon, Rajita and Watson, Andrea R. and Crossette, Emily and Terveer, Elisabeth M. and Keller, Josbert J. and Borody, Thomas J. and Grinspan, Ari and Paramsothy, Sudarshan and Kaakoush, Nadeem O. and Dubinsky, Marla C. and Faith, Jeremiah J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08566-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E4}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA. NATURE, 638(8050), E3. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Maida, Yoshiko and Yasukawa, Mami and Furuuchi, Miho and Lassmann, Timo and Possemato, Richard and Okamoto, Naoko and Kasim, Vivi and Hayashizaki, Yoshihide and Hahn, William C. and Masutomi, Kenkichi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08559-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E3}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Synthetic GPCRs for programmable sensing and control of cell behaviour. NATURE, 638(8050), E2. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalogriopoulos, Nicholas A. and Tei, Reika and Yan, Yuqi and Klein, Peter M. and Ravalin, Matthew and Cai, Bo and Soltesz, Ivan and Li, Yulong and Ting, Alice Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08607-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {E2}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Synthetic GPCRs for programmable sensing and control of cell behaviour}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I grow medicinal mushrooms in my renewable-energy laboratory. NATURE, 638(8050), 574. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When Ho Thi Thanh Van isn’t creating materials for fuel cells, she is cultivating traditional medicines. When Ho Thi Thanh Van isn’t creating materials for fuel cells, she is cultivating traditional medicines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00409-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {574}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I grow medicinal mushrooms in my renewable-energy laboratory}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Resolving native GABAA receptor structures from the human brain. NATURE, 638(8050), 562-568. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Type A GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors (GABAA receptors) mediate most fast inhibitory signalling in the brain and are targets for drugs that treat epilepsy, anxiety, depression and insomnia and for anaesthetics1,2. These receptors comprise a complex array of 19 related subunits, which form pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. The composition and structure of native GABAA receptors in the human brain have been inferred from subunit localization in tissue1,3, functional measurements and structural analysis from recombinant expression4–7 and in mice8. However, the arrangements of subunits that co-assemble physiologically in native human GABAA receptors remain unknown. Here we isolated α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors from human patients with epilepsy. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we defined a set of 12 native subunit assemblies and their 3D structures. We address inconsistencies between previous native and recombinant approaches, and reveal details of previously undefined subunit interfaces. Drug-like densities in a subset of these interfaces led us to uncover unexpected activity on the GABAA receptor of antiepileptic drugs and resulted in localization of one of these drugs to the benzodiazepine-binding site. Proteomics and further structural analysis suggest interactions with the auxiliary subunits neuroligin 2 and GARLH4, which localize and modulate GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses. This work provides a structural foundation for understanding GABAA receptor signalling and targeted pharmacology in the human brain. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of native type A GABA receptors from human brain reveal diverse subunit compositions, protein binding partners and binding sites for antiepileptic drugs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhou, Jia and Noviello, Colleen M. and Teng, Jinfeng and Moore, Haley and Lega, Bradley and Hibbs, Ryan E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08454-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {562-568}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Resolving native GABAA receptor structures from the human brain}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hierarchical design of pseudosymmetric protein nanocages. NATURE, 638(8050), 553-561. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Discrete protein assemblies ranging from hundreds of kilodaltons to hundreds of megadaltons in size are a ubiquitous feature of biological systems and perform highly specialized functions1,2. Despite remarkable recent progress in accurately designing new self-assembling proteins, the size and complexity of these assemblies has been limited by a reliance on strict symmetry3. Here, inspired by the pseudosymmetry observed in bacterial microcompartments and viral capsids, we developed a hierarchical computational method for designing large pseudosymmetric self-assembling protein nanomaterials. We computationally designed pseudosymmetric heterooligomeric components and used them to create discrete, cage-like protein assemblies with icosahedral symmetry containing 240, 540 and 960 subunits. At 49, 71 and 96 nm diameter, these nanocages are the largest bounded computationally designed protein assemblies generated to date. More broadly, by moving beyond strict symmetry, our work substantially broadens the variety of self-assembling protein architectures that are accessible through design. A new computational method for design of pseudosymmetric self-assembling protein nanomaterials has resulted in purification of cage-like protein assemblies containing 960 subunits with a diameter of 96 nm.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dowling, Quinton M. and Park, Young-Jun and Fries, Chelsea N. and Gerstenmaier, Neil C. and Ols, Sebastian and Yang, Erin C. and Wargacki, Adam J. and Dosey, Annie and Hsia, Yang and Ravichandran, Rashmi and Walkey, Carl D. and Burrell, Anika L. and Veesler, David and Baker, David and King, Neil P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08360-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {553-561}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hierarchical design of pseudosymmetric protein nanocages}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Four-component protein nanocages designed by programmed symmetry breaking. NATURE, 638(8050), 546-552. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Four, eight or twenty C3 symmetric protein trimers can be arranged with tetrahedral, octahedral or icosahedral point group symmetry to generate closed cage-like structures1,2. Viruses access more complex higher triangulation number icosahedral architectures by breaking perfect point group symmetry3–9, but nature appears not to have explored similar symmetry breaking for tetrahedral or octahedral symmetries. Here we describe a general design strategy for building higher triangulation number architectures starting from regular polyhedra through pseudosymmetrization of trimeric building blocks. Electron microscopy confirms the structures of T = 4 cages with 48 (tetrahedral), 96 (octahedral) and 240 (icosahedral) subunits, each with 4 distinct chains and 6 different protein–protein interfaces, and diameters of 33 nm, 43 nm and 75 nm, respectively. Higher triangulation number viruses possess very sophisticated functionalities; our general route to higher triangulation number nanocages should similarly enable a next generation of multiple antigen-displaying vaccine candidates10,11 and targeted delivery vehicles12,13. Using viral capsid architectures as template for design, higher triangulation number nanocages that require symmetry breaking offer potential advances in targeted delivery and antigen-displaying vaccines.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Sangmin and Kibler, Ryan D. and Ahn, Green and Hsia, Yang and Borst, Andrew J. and Philomin, Annika and Kennedy, Madison A. and Huang, Buwei and Stoddard, Barry and Baker, David}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07814-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {546-552}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Four-component protein nanocages designed by programmed symmetry breaking}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Saturation genome editing-based clinical classification of BRCA2 variants. NATURE, 638(8050), 538-545. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sequencing-based genetic tests have uncovered a vast array of BRCA2 sequence variants1. Owing to limited clinical, familial and epidemiological data, thousands of variants are considered to be variants of uncertain significance2–4 (VUS). Here we have utilized CRISPR–Cas9-based saturation genome editing in a humanized mouse embryonic stem cell line to determine the functional effect of VUS. We have categorized nearly all possible single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the region that encodes the carboxylate-terminal DNA-binding domain of BRCA2. We have generated function scores for 6,551 SNVs, covering 96.4% of possible SNVs in exons 15–26 spanning BRCA2 residues 2479–3216. These variants include 1,282 SNVs that are categorized as missense VUS in the clinical variant database ClinVar, with 77.2% of these classified as benign and 20.4% classified as pathogenic using our functional score. Our assay provides evidence that 3,384 of the SNVs in the region are benign and 776 are pathogenic. Our classification aligns closely with pathogenicity data from ClinVar, orthogonal functional assays and computational meta predictors. We have integrated our embryonic stem cell-based BRCA2-saturation genome editing dataset with other available evidence and utilized the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines for clinical classification of all possible SNVs. This classification is available as a sequence–function map and serves as a valuable resource for interpreting unidentified variants in the population and for physicians and genetic counsellors to assess BRCA2 VUS in patients. CRISPR–Cas9-based saturation genome editing in a humanized mouse embryonic stem cell line was used for comprehensive functional characterization of single nucleotide variants in a region of BRCA2, and shows good agreement with existing variant classifications and high predictive power.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sahu, Sounak and Galloux, Melissa and Southon, Eileen and Caylor, Dylan and Sullivan, Teresa and Arnaudi, Matteo and Zanti, Maria and Geh, Josephine and Chari, Raj and Michailidou, Kyriaki and Papaleo, Elena and Sharan, Shyam K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08349-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {538-545}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Saturation genome editing-based clinical classification of BRCA2 variants}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Functional evaluation and clinical classification of BRCA2 variants. NATURE, 638(8050), 528-537. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Germline BRCA2 loss-of function variants, which can be identified through clinical genetic testing, predispose to several cancers1–5. However, variants of uncertain significance limit the clinical utility of test results. Thus, there is a need for functional characterization and clinical classification of all BRCA2 variants to facilitate the clinical management of individuals with these variants. Here we analysed all possible single-nucleotide variants from exons 15 to 26 that encode the BRCA2 DNA-binding domain hotspot for pathogenic missense variants. To enable this, we used saturation genome editing CRISPR–Cas9-based knock-in endogenous targeting of human haploid HAP1 cells6. The assay was calibrated relative to nonsense and silent variants and was validated using pathogenic and benign standards from ClinVar and results from a homology-directed repair functional assay7. Variants (6,959 out of 6,960 evaluated) were assigned to seven categories of pathogenicity based on a VarCall Bayesian model8. Single-nucleotide variants that encode loss-of-function missense variants were associated with increased risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The functional assay results were integrated into models from ClinGen, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, and the Association for Molecular Pathology9 for clinical classification of BRCA2 variants. Using this approach, 91% were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic or as benign or likely benign. These classified variants can be used to improve clinical management of individuals with a BRCA2 variant. Results from a comprehensive evaluation of the function of BRCA2 variants, particularly variants of uncertain significance, provide a useful resource to improve the clinical management of individuals who carry such genetic variants.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Huaizhi and Hu, Chunling and Na, Jie and Hart, Steven N. and Gnanaolivu, Rohan David and Abozaid, Mohamed and Rao, Tara and Tecleab, Yohannes A. and Pesaran, Tina and Lyra, Paulo Cilas Morais and Karam, Rachid and Yadav, Siddhartha and Nathanson, Katherine L. and Domchek, Susan M. and de la Hoya, Miguel and Robson, Mark and Mehine, Miika and Bandlamudi, Chaitanya and Mandelker, Diana and Monteiro, Alvaro N. A. and Iversen, Edwin S. and Boddicker, Nicholas and Chen, Wenan and Richardson, Marcy E. and Couch, Fergus J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08388-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {528-537}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Functional evaluation and clinical classification of BRCA2 variants}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). C-terminal amides mark proteins for degradation via SCF–FBXO31. NATURE, 638(8050), 519-527. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During normal cellular homeostasis, unfolded and mislocalized proteins are recognized and removed, preventing the build-up of toxic byproducts1. When protein homeostasis is perturbed during ageing, neurodegeneration or cellular stress, proteins can accumulate several forms of chemical damage through reactive metabolites2,3. Such modifications have been proposed to trigger the selective removal of chemically marked proteins3–6; however, identifying modifications that are sufficient to induce protein degradation has remained challenging. Here, using a semi-synthetic chemical biology approach coupled to cellular assays, we found that C-terminal amide-bearing proteins (CTAPs) are rapidly cleared from human cells. A CRISPR screen identified FBXO31 as a reader of C-terminal amides. FBXO31 is a substrate receptor for the SKP1–CUL1–F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase SCF–FBXO31, which ubiquitylates CTAPs for subsequent proteasomal degradation. A conserved binding pocket enables FBXO31 to bind to almost any C-terminal peptide bearing an amide while retaining exquisite selectivity over non-modified clients. This mechanism facilitates binding and turnover of endogenous CTAPs that are formed after oxidative stress. A dominant human mutation found in neurodevelopmental disorders reverses CTAP recognition, such that non-amidated neosubstrates are now degraded and FBXO31 becomes markedly toxic. We propose that CTAPs may represent the vanguard of a largely unexplored class of modified amino acid degrons that could provide a general strategy for selective yet broad surveillance of chemically damaged proteins. SCF–FBXO31 scans proteins for C-terminal amidation and marks them for subsequent proteasomal degradation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Muhar, Matthias F. and Farnung, Jakob and Cernakova, Martina and Hofmann, Raphael and Henneberg, Lukas T. and Pfleiderer, Moritz M. and Denoth-Lippuner, Annina and Kalčic, Filip and Nievergelt, Ajse S. and Peters Al-Bayati, Marwa and Sidiropoulos, Nikolaos D. and Beier, Viola and Mann, Matthias and Jessberger, Sebastian and Jinek, Martin and Schulman, Brenda A. and Bode, Jeffrey W. and Corn, Jacob E.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08475-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {519-527}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {C-terminal amides mark proteins for degradation via SCF–FBXO31}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Complex rearrangements fuel ER+ and HER2+ breast tumours. NATURE, 638(8050), 510-518. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease whose prognosis and treatment as defined by the expression of three receptors—oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; encoded by ERBB2)—is insufficient to capture the full spectrum of clinical outcomes and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Previously, we demonstrated that transcriptional and genomic profiles define eleven integrative subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes, including four ER+ subtypes with increased risk of relapse decades after diagnosis1,2. Here, to determine whether these subtypes reflect distinct evolutionary histories, interactions with the immune system and pathway dependencies, we established a meta-cohort of 1,828 breast tumours spanning pre-invasive, primary invasive and metastatic disease with whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. We demonstrate that breast tumours fall along a continuum constrained by three genomic archetypes. The ER+ high-risk integrative subgroup is characterized by complex focal amplifications, similar to HER2+ tumours, including cyclic extrachromosomal DNA amplifications induced by ER through R-loop formation and APOBEC3B-editing, which arise in pre-invasive lesions. By contrast, triple-negative tumours exhibit genome-wide instability and tandem duplications and are enriched for homologous repair deficiency-like signatures, whereas ER+ typical-risk tumours are largely genomically stable. These genomic archetypes, which replicate in an independent cohort of 2,659 primary tumours, are established early during tumorigenesis, sculpt the tumour microenvironment and are conserved in metastatic disease. These complex structural alterations contribute to replication stress and immune evasion, and persist throughout tumour evolution, unveiling potential vulnerabilities. A study identifies three dominant genomic archetypes of breast cancer induced by discrete mutational processes, describing a continuum of genomic profiles and detailing the mechanisms underlying the progression of breast cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Houlahan, Kathleen E. and Mangiante, Lise and Sotomayor-Vivas, Cristina and Adimoelja, Alvina and Park, Seongyeol and Khan, Aziz and Pribus, Sophia J. and Ma, Zhicheng and Caswell-Jin, Jennifer L. and Curtis, Christina}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08377-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {510-518}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Complex rearrangements fuel ER+ and HER2+ breast tumours}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gliomagenesis mimics an injury response orchestrated by neural crest-like cells. NATURE, 638(8050), 499-509. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Glioblastoma is an incurable brain malignancy. By the time of clinical diagnosis, these tumours exhibit a degree of genetic and cellular heterogeneity that provides few clues to the mechanisms that initiate and drive gliomagenesis1,2. Here, to explore the early steps in gliomagenesis, we utilized conditional gene deletion and lineage tracing in tumour mouse models, coupled with serial magnetic resonance imaging, to initiate and then closely track tumour formation. We isolated labelled and unlabelled cells at multiple stages—before the first visible abnormality, at the time of the first visible lesion, and then through the stages of tumour growth—and subjected cells of each stage to single-cell profiling. We identify a malignant cell state with a neural crest-like gene expression signature that is highly abundant in the early stages, but relatively diminished in the late stage of tumour growth. Genomic analysis based on the presence of copy number alterations suggests that these neural crest-like states exist as part of a heterogeneous clonal hierarchy that evolves with tumour growth. By exploring the injury response in wounded normal mouse brains, we identify cells with a similar signature that emerge following injury and then disappear over time, suggesting that activation of an injury response program occurs during tumorigenesis. Indeed, our experiments reveal a non-malignant injury-like microenvironment that is initiated in the brain following oncogene activation in cerebral precursor cells. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the early stages of glioblastoma, identifying a unique cell state and an injury response program tied to early tumour formation. These findings have implications for glioblastoma therapies and raise new possibilities for early diagnosis and prevention of disease. A study using glioblastoma mouse models, serial magnetic resonance imaging and single-cell profiling details changes in the identity and balance of cellular states from initiation of tumorigenesis to the end point.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hamed, Akram A. and Hua, Kui and Trinh, Quang M. and Simons, Benjamin D. and Marioni, John C. and Stein, Lincoln D. and Dirks, Peter B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08356-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {499-509}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gliomagenesis mimics an injury response orchestrated by neural crest-like cells}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). GZMK-expressing CD8+ t cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases. NATURE, 638(8050), 490-498. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Inflammatory diseases are often chronic and recurrent, and current treatments do not typically remove underlying disease drivers1. T cells participate in a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis2, Crohn’s disease3, oesophagitis4 and multiple sclerosis5,6, and clonally expanded antigen-specific T cells may contribute to disease chronicity and recurrence, in part by forming persistent pathogenic memory. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma are inflammatory airway diseases that often present as comorbidities7. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects more than 10% of the general population8. Among these patients, 20–25% would develop nasal polyps, which often require repeated surgical resections owing to a high incidence of recurrence9. Whereas abundant T cells infiltrate the nasal polyps tissue10,11, T cell subsets that drive the disease pathology and promote recurrence are not fully understood. By comparing T cell repertoires in nasal polyp tissues obtained from consecutive surgeries, here we report that persistent CD8+ T cell clones carrying effector memory-like features colonize the mucosal tissue during disease recurrence, and these cells characteristically express the tryptase Granzyme K (GZMK). We find that GZMK cleaves many complement components, including C2, C3, C4 and C5, that collectively contribute to the activation of the complement cascade. GZMK-expressing CD8+ T cells participate in organized tertiary lymphoid structures, and tissue GZMK levels predict the disease severity and comorbidities better than well-established biomarkers such as eosinophilia and tissue interleukin-5. Using a mouse asthma model, we further show that GZMK-expressing CD8+ T cells exacerbate the disease in a manner dependent on the proteolytic activity of GZMK and complements. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of GZMK after the disease onset markedly alleviates tissue pathology and restores lung function. Our work identifies a pathogenic CD8+ memory T cell subset that promotes tissue inflammation and recurrent airway diseases by the effector molecule GZMK and suggests GZMK as a potential therapeutic target. Comparing T cells in nasal polyps from repeated surgeries shows that effector memory-like persistent clones colonize the mucosal tissue during disease recurrence and promote inflammation by producing Granzyme K, a complement-activating tryptase, which is a potential therapeutic target.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lan, Feng and Li, Jizhou and Miao, Wenxuan and Sun, Fei and Duan, Su and Song, Yabing and Yao, Jiacheng and Wang, Xiangdong and Wang, Chengshuo and Liu, Xin and Wang, Jianbin and Zhang, Luo and Qi, Hai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08395-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {490-498}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {GZMK-expressing CD8+ t cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cationic peptides cause memory loss through endophilin-mediated endocytosis. NATURE, 638(8050), 479-489. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) interferes with memory maintenance and long-term potentiation (LTP)1 when administered to mice. However, mice lacking its putative target, protein kinase PKMζ, exhibit normal learning and memory as well as LTP2,3, making the mechanism of ZIP unclear. Here we show that ZIP disrupts LTP by removing surface AMPA receptors through its cationic charge alone. This effect requires endophilin-A2-mediated endocytosis and is fully blocked by drugs suppressing macropinocytosis. ZIP and other cationic peptides remove newly inserted AMPA receptor nanoclusters at potentiated synapses, providing a mechanism by which these peptides erase memories without altering basal synaptic function. When delivered in vivo, cationic peptides can modulate memories on local and brain-wide scales, and these mechanisms can be leveraged to prevent memory loss in a model of traumatic brain injury. Our findings uncover a previously unknown synaptic mechanism by which memories are maintained or lost. Elucidation of the mechanism by which zeta inhibitory peptide erases memories, involving endocytosis of AMPA receptors on potentiated synapses, provides insight into more general mechanisms of memory maintenance and response to traumatic brain injury.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stokes, Eric G. and Vasquez, Jose J. and Azouz, Ghalia and Nguyen, Megan and Tierno, Alexa and Zhuang, Yinyin and Galinato, Vivienne Mae and Hui, May and Toledano, Michael and Tyler, Isabella and Shi, Xiaoyu and Hunt, Robert F. and Aoto, Jason and Beier, Kevin T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08413-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {479-489}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cationic peptides cause memory loss through endophilin-mediated endocytosis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Specification of claustro-amygdalar and palaeocortical neurons and circuits. NATURE, 638(8050), 469-478. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ventrolateral pallial (VLp) excitatory neurons in the claustro-amygdalar complex and piriform cortex (PIR; which forms part of the palaeocortex) form reciprocal connections with the prefrontal cortex (PFC), integrating cognitive and sensory information that results in adaptive behaviours1–5. Early-life disruptions in these circuits are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders4–8, highlighting the importance of understanding their development. Here we reveal that the transcription factors SOX4, SOX11 and TFAP2D have a pivotal role in the development, identity and PFC connectivity of these excitatory neurons. The absence of SOX4 and SOX11 in post-mitotic excitatory neurons results in a marked reduction in the size of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLC), claustrum (CLA) and PIR. These transcription factors control BLC formation through direct regulation of Tfap2d expression. Cross-species analyses, including in humans, identified conserved Tfap2d expression in developing excitatory neurons of BLC, CLA, PIR and the associated transitional areas of the frontal, insular and temporal cortex. Although the loss and haploinsufficiency of Tfap2d yield similar alterations in learned threat-response behaviours, differences emerge in the phenotypes at different Tfap2d dosages, particularly in terms of changes observed in BLC size and BLC–PFC connectivity. This underscores the importance of Tfap2d dosage in orchestrating developmental shifts in BLC–PFC connectivity and behavioural modifications that resemble symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Together, these findings reveal key elements of a conserved gene regulatory network that shapes the development and function of crucial VLp excitatory neurons and their PFC connectivity and offer insights into their evolution and alterations in neuropsychiatric disorders. A conserved gene regulatory network involving SOX4, SOX11 and TFAP2D shapes the development of excitatory neurons in ventrolateral pallium and their connectivity with the prefrontal cortex.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kaur, Navjot and Kovner, Rothem and Gulden, Forrest O. and Pletikos, Mihovil and Andrijevic, David and Zhu, Tianjia and Silbereis, John and Shibata, Mikihito and Shibata, Akemi and Liu, Yuting and Ma, Shaojie and Salla, Nikkita and de Martin, Xabier and Klarić, Thomas S. and Burke, Megan and Franjic, Daniel and Cho, Hyesun and Yuen, Matthew and Chatterjee, Ipsita and Soric, Paula and Esakkimuthu, Devippriya and Moser, Markus and Santpere, Gabriel and Mineur, Yann S. and Pattabiraman, Kartik and Picciotto, Marina R. and Huang, Hao and Sestan, Nenad}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08361-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {469-478}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Specification of claustro-amygdalar and palaeocortical neurons and circuits}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Regional and institutional trends in assessment for academic promotion. NATURE, 638(8050), 459-468. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The assessment of research performance is widely seen as a vital tool in upholding the highest standards of quality, with selection and competition believed to drive progress. Academic institutions need to take critical decisions on hiring and promotion, while facing external pressure by also being subject to research assessment1–4. Here we present an outlook on research assessment for career progression with specific focus on promotion to full professorship, based on 314 policies from 190 academic institutions and 218 policies from 58 government agencies, covering 32 countries in the Global North and 89 countries in the Global South. We investigated how frequently various promotion criteria are mentioned and carried out a statistical analysis to infer commonalities and differences across policies. Although quantitative methods of assessment remain popular, in agreement with what is found in more geographically restricted studies5–9, they are not omnipresent. We find differences between the Global North and the Global South as well as between institutional and national policies, but less so between disciplines. A preference for bibliometric indicators is more marked in upper-middle-income countries. Although we see some variation, many promotion policies are based on the assumption of specific career paths that become normative rather than embracing diversity. In turn, this restricts opportunities for researchers. These results challenge current practice and have strategic implications for researchers, research managers and national governments. Analysis of policies for promotion criteria to full professor from academic institutions and government agencies worldwide reveals considerable variation in assessment practices, particularly between the Global North and South.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lim, B. H. and D’Ippoliti, C. and Dominik, M. and Hernández-Mondragón, A. C. and Vermeir, K. and Chong, K. K. and Hussein, H. and Morales-Salgado, V. S. and Cloete, K. J. and Kimengsi, J. N. and Balboa, L. and Mondello, S. and dela Cruz, T. E. and Lopez-Verges, S. and Sidi Zakari, I. and Simonyan, A. and Palomo, I. and Režek Jambrak, A. and Germo Nzweundji, J. and Molnar, A. and Saktiawati, A. M. I. and Elagroudy, S. and Kumar, P. and Enany, S. and Narita, V. and Backes, M. and Siciliano, V. and Egamberdieva, D. and Flores Bueso, Y.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08422-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {459-468}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Regional and institutional trends in assessment for academic promotion}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance. NATURE, 638(8050), 449-458. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Bats have been suggested to harbour more zoonotic viruses than any other mammalian order1. Infections in bats are largely asymptomatic2,3, indicating limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology. To investigate the genomic basis of disease resistance, the Bat1K project generated reference-quality genomes of ten bat species, including potential viral reservoirs. Here we describe a systematic analysis covering 115 mammalian genomes that revealed that signatures of selection in immune genes are more prevalent in bats than in other mammalian orders. We found an excess of immune gene adaptations in the ancestral chiropteran branch and in many descending bat lineages, highlighting viral entry and detection factors, and regulators of antiviral and inflammatory responses. ISG15, which is an antiviral gene contributing to hyperinflammation during COVID-19 (refs. 4,5), exhibits key residue changes in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Cellular infection experiments show species-specific antiviral differences and an essential role of protein conjugation in antiviral function of bat ISG15, separate from its role in secretion and inflammation in humans. Furthermore, in contrast to humans, ISG15 in most rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats has strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Our work reveals molecular mechanisms that contribute to viral tolerance and disease resistance in bats. A systematic analysis of 115 mammalian genomes, including 10 new bat genomes, reveals prevalent positive selection in immune genes in bats and shows key adaptations in the antiviral gene ISG15 that aid disease resistance in bats, including to coronaviruses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Morales, Ariadna E. and Dong, Yue and Brown, Thomas and Baid, Kaushal and Kontopoulos, Dimitrios - Georgios and Gonzalez, Victoria and Huang, Zixia and Ahmed, Alexis-Walid and Bhuinya, Arkadeb and Hilgers, Leon and Winkler, Sylke and Hughes, Graham and Li, Xiaomeng and Lu, Ping and Yang, Yixin and Kirilenko, Bogdan M. and Devanna, Paolo and Lama, Tanya M. and Nissan, Yomiran and Pippel, Martin and Dávalos, Liliana M. and Vernes, Sonja C. and Puechmaille, Sebastien J. and Rossiter, Stephen J. and Yovel, Yossi and Prescott, Joseph B. and Kurth, Andreas and Ray, David A. and Lim, Burton K. and Myers, Eugene and Teeling, Emma C. and Banerjee, Arinjay and Irving, Aaron T. and Hiller, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08471-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {449-458}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earliest short-tailed bird from the late jurassic of china. NATURE, 638(8050), 441-448. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent macroevolutionary studies predict a diversification of early birds during the Jurassic period1–4, but the unquestionable Jurassic bird fossil record is limited to Archaeopteryx1,5,6, which has also been referred to deinonychosaurian dinosaurs by some analyses7,8. Although they have feathered wings, the known Jurassic birds are more similar to non-avialan theropods in having the ancestral long reptilian tail9–11. This is in stark contrast to most Cretaceous and crownward taxa, which have a short tail that terminates in a compound bone called the pygostyle12–14. Here we report on the oldest short-tailed avialan, Baminornis zhenghensis gen. et sp. nov., from the recently discovered Late Jurassic Zhenghe Fauna15, which fills a noticeable spatio-temporal gap in the earliest branching avialan fossil record. B. zhenghensis exhibits a unique combination of derived ornithothoracine-like pectoral and pelvic girdles and plesiomorphic non-avialan maniraptoran hand, demonstrating mosaic evolution along stem avialan line. An avialan furcula collected from the same locality is referrable to ornithuromorphs on the basis of our morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. These newly discovered fossils demonstrate the early appearance of highly derived bird features, and together with an anchiornithine fossil from the same locality, they suggest an earlier origin of birds and a radiation of early birds in the Jurassic. Two recently discovered bird fossils from the Late Jurassic Zhenghe Fauna demonstrate that highly derived bird-like features and the origin of birds appeared much earlier in the Jurassic period than previously estimated.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Runsheng and Wang, Min and Dong, Liping and Zhou, Guowu and Xu, Xing and Deng, Ke and Xu, Liming and Zhang, Chi and Wang, Linchang and Du, Honggang and Lin, Ganmin and Lin, Min and Zhou, Zhonghe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08410-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {441-448}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earliest short-tailed bird from the late jurassic of china}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meta-analysis reveals global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity. NATURE, 638(8050), 435-440. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Positive effects of plant diversity on productivity have been globally demonstrated and explained by two main effects: complementarity effects and selection effects1–4. However, plant diversity experiments have shown substantial variation in these effects, with driving factors poorly understood4–6. On the basis of a meta-analysis of 452 experiments across the globe, we show that productivity increases on average by 15.2% from monocultures to species mixtures with an average species richness of 2.6; net biodiversity effects are stronger in grassland and forest experiments and weaker in container, cropland and aquatic ecosystems. Of the net biodiversity effects, complementarity effects and selection effects contribute 65.6% and 34.4%, respectively. Complementarity effects increase with phylogenetic diversity, the mixing of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing species and the functional diversity of leaf nitrogen contents, which indicate the key roles of niche partitioning, biotic feedback and abiotic facilitation in complementarity effects. More positive selection effects occur with higher species biomass inequality in their monocultures. Complementarity effects increase over time, whereas selection effects decrease over time, and they remain consistent across global variations in climates. Our results provide key insights into understanding global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity and underscore the importance of integrating both complementarity and selection effects into strategies for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration. A meta-analysis of biodiversity effects on plant productivity found that complementarity effects increased over time whereas selection effects decreased, and both remained consistent across global variations in climate.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chen and Xiao, Wenya and Chen, Han Y. H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08407-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {435-440}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meta-analysis reveals global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transforming US agriculture for carbon removal with enhanced weathering. NATURE, 638(8050), 425-434. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Enhanced weathering (EW) with agriculture uses crushed silicate rocks to drive carbon dioxide removal (CDR)1,2. If widely adopted on farmlands, it could help achieve net-zero emissions by 20502–4. Here we show, with a detailed US state-specific carbon cycle analysis constrained by resource provision, that EW deployed on agricultural land could sequester 0.16–0.30 GtCO2 yr−1 by 2050, rising to 0.25–0.49 GtCO2 yr−1 by 2070. Geochemical assessment of rivers and oceans suggests effective transport of dissolved products from EW from soils, offering CDR on intergenerational timescales. Our analysis further indicates that EW may temporarily help lower ground-level ozone and concentrations of secondary aerosols in agricultural regions. Geospatially mapped CDR costs show heterogeneity across the USA, reflecting a combination of cropland distance from basalt source regions, timing of EW deployment and evolving CDR rates. CDR costs are highest in the first two decades before declining to about US$100–150 tCO2−1 by 2050, including for states that contribute most to total national CDR. Although EW cannot be a substitute for emission reductions, our assessment strengthens the case for EW as an overlooked practical innovation for helping the USA meet net-zero 2050 goals5,6. Public awareness of EW and equity impacts of EW deployment across the USA require further exploration7,8 and we note that mobilizing an EW industry at the necessary scale could take decades. A state-level analysis of the impact of enhanced weathering deployment on carbon sequestration on agricultural land suggests that enhanced weathering could help the USA meet net-zero 2050 goals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Beerling, David J. and Kantzas, Euripides P. and Lomas, Mark R. and Taylor, Lyla L. and Zhang, Shuang and Kanzaki, Yoshiki and Eufrasio, Rafael M. and Renforth, Phil and Mecure, Jean-Francois and Pollitt, Hector and Holden, Philip B. and Edwards, Neil R. and Koh, Lenny and Epihov, Dimitar Z. and Wolf, Adam and Hansen, James E. and Banwart, Steven A. and Pidgeon, Nick F. and Reinhard, Christopher T. and Planavsky, Noah J. and Val Martin, Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08429-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {425-434}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transforming US agriculture for carbon removal with enhanced weathering}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Metal-halide porous framework superlattices. NATURE, 638(8050), 418-424. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The construction of superlattices with a spatial modulation of chemical compositions allows for the creation of artificial materials with tailorable periodic potential landscapes and tunable electronic and optical properties1–5. Conventional semiconductor superlattices with designable potential modulation in one dimension has enabled high-electron-mobility transistors and quantum-cascade lasers. More recently, a diverse set of superlattices has been constructed through self-assembly or guided assembly of multiscale building units, including zero-dimensional nanoclusters and nanoparticles6,7, one-dimensional nanorods and nanowires8,9, two-dimensional nanolayers and nanosheets10–13, and hybrid two-dimensional molecular assemblies14–17. These self-assembled superlattices feature periodic structural modulation in two or three dimensions, but often lack atomic precision owing to the inevitable structural disorder at the interfaces between the constituent units. Here we report a one-pot synthesis of multi-dimensional single-crystalline superlattices consisting of periodic arrangement of zero-, one- and two-dimensional building units. By exploiting zirconium (IV) metal–organic frameworks as host templates for directed nucleation and precise growth of metal-halide sublattices through a coordination-assisted assembly strategy, we synthesize a family of single-crystalline porous superlattices. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy clearly resolve the high-order superlattice structure with deterministic atomic coordinates. Further treatment with selected amine molecules produces perovskite-like superlattices with highly tunable photoluminescence and chiroptical properties. Our study creates a platform of high-order single-crystalline porous superlattices, opening opportunities to tailor the electronic, optical and quantum properties beyond the reach of conventional crystalline solids. Using zirconium metal–organic frameworks as the host template for directed nucleation and precise growth of metal-halide sublattices, multi-dimensional single-crystalline porous superlattices can be achieved through a one-pot synthesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Wenqiang and Jiang, Hong and Liu, Yikuan and Hu, Yue and Palakkal, Athulya Surendran and Zhou, Yujie and Sun, Meng and Du, Enping and Gong, Wei and Zhang, Qun and Jiang, Jianwen and Dong, Jinqiao and Liu, Yan and Li, Dehui and Zhu, Yihan and Cui, Yong and Duan, Xiangfeng}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08447-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {418-424}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Metal-halide porous framework superlattices}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two-dimensional polyaniline crystal with metallic out-of-plane conductivity. NATURE, 638(8050), 411-417. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Linear conducting polymers show ballistic transport, imposed by mobile carriers moving along the polymer chains1,2, whereas conductance in the extended dimension, that is, between polymer strands or layers, remains weak due to the lack of intermolecular ordering and electronic coupling3–5. Here we report a multilayer-stacked two-dimensional polyaniline (2DPANI) crystal, which shows metallic out-of-plane charge transport with high electrical conductivity. The material comprises columnar π arrays with an interlayer distance of 3.59 Å and periodic rhombohedral lattices formed by interwoven polyaniline chains. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy reveals significant electron delocalization in the 2DPANI lattices. First-principles calculations indicate the in-plane 2D conjugation and strong interlayer electronic coupling in 2DPANI facilitated by the Cl-bridged layer stacking. To assess the local optical conductivity, we used terahertz and infrared nanospectroscopy to unravel a Drude-type conductivity with an infrared plasma frequency and an extrapolated local d.c. conductivity of around 200 S cm−1. Conductive scanning probe microscopy showed an unusually high out-of-plane conductivity of roughly 15 S cm−1. Transport measurements through vertical and lateral micro-devices revealed comparable high out-of-plane (roughly 7 S cm−1) and in-plane conductivity (roughly 16 S cm−1). The vertical micro-devices further showed increasing conductivity with decreasing temperature, demonstrating unique out-of-plane metallic transport behaviour. By using this multilayer-stacked 2D conducting polymer design, we predict the achievement of strong electronic coupling beyond in-plane interactions, potentially reaching three-dimensional metallic conductivity6,7. A multilayer-stacked two-dimensional polyaniline crystal shows high electrical conductivity and unique out-of-plane metallic transport behaviour, indicating potential for strong electronic coupling beyond in-plane interactions and three-dimensional metallic conductivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Tao and Chen, Shu and Petkov, Petko St. and Zhang, Peng and Qi, Haoyuan and Nguyen, Nguyen Ngan and Zhang, Wenjie and Yoon, Jiho and Li, Peining and Brumme, Thomas and Alfonsov, Alexey and Liao, Zhongquan and Hambsch, Mike and Xu, Shunqi and Mester, Lars and Kataev, Vladislav and Büchner, Bernd and Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B. and Zschech, Ehrenfried and Parkin, Stuart S. P. and Kaiser, Ute and Heine, Thomas and Dong, Renhao and Hillenbrand, Rainer and Feng, Xinliang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08387-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {411-417}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two-dimensional polyaniline crystal with metallic out-of-plane conductivity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). H-bonded organic frameworks as ultrasound-programmable delivery platform. NATURE, 638(8050), 401-410. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The precise control of mechanochemical activation within deep tissues using non-invasive ultrasound holds profound implications for advancing our understanding of fundamental biomedical sciences and revolutionizing disease treatments1–4. However, a theory-guided mechanoresponsive materials system with well-defined ultrasound activation has yet to be explored5,6. Here we present the concept of using porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as toolkits for focused ultrasound (FUS) programmably triggered drug activation to control specific cellular events in the deep brain, through on-demand scission of the supramolecular interactions. A theoretical model is developed to potentially visualize the mechanochemical scission and ultrasound mechanics, providing valuable guidelines for the rational design of mechanoresponsive materials to achieve programmable control. To demonstrate the practicality of this approach, we encapsulate the designer drug clozapine N-oxide (CNO) into the optimal HOF nanocrystals for FUS-gated release to activate engineered G-protein-coupled receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mice and rats and hence achieve targeted neural circuit modulation even at depth 9 mm with a latency of seconds. This work demonstrates the capability of ultrasound to precisely control molecular interactions and develops ultrasound-programmable HOFs to non-invasively and spatiotemporally control cellular events, thereby facilitating the establishment of precise molecular therapeutic possibilities. The concept of using hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks triggered by non-invasive focused ultrasound for programmable drug activation is explored and demonstrated practically with the designer drug clozapine N-oxide for deep brain stimulation in mice and rats.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Wenliang and Shi, Yanshu and Chai, Wenrui and Tang, Kai Wing Kevin and Pyatnitskiy, Ilya and Xie, Yi and Liu, Xiangping and He, Weilong and Jeong, Jinmo and Hsieh, Ju-Chun and Lozano, Anakaren Romero and Artman, Brinkley and Shi, Xi and Hoefer, Nicole and Shrestha, Binita and Stern, Noah B. and Zhou, Wei and McComb, David W. and Porter, Tyrone and Henkelman, Graeme and Chen, Banglin and Wang, Huiliang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08401-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {401-410}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {H-bonded organic frameworks as ultrasound-programmable delivery platform}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Topological water-wave structures manipulating particles. NATURE, 638(8050), 394-400. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Topological wave structures, such as vortices1–6, polarization textures7–11 and skyrmions12–19, appear in various quantum and classical wave fields, including optics and acoustics. In particular, optical vortices have found numerous applications20,21, ranging from quantum information to astrophysics. Furthermore, both optical and acoustic structured waves are crucial in the manipulation of small particles22–25, from atoms to macroscopic biological objects. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in structured water surface waves, which can be notable analogues of quantum, optical and acoustic wave systems26–29. However, topological water-wave forms, especially their ability to manipulate particles, have not yet been demonstrated. Here we describe the controllable generation of topological structures, namely wave vortices, skyrmions and polarization Möbius strips, in gravity water waves. Most importantly, we demonstrate the efficient manipulation of subwavelength and wavelength-order floating particles with topologically structured water waves. This includes trapping the particles in the high-intensity field zones and controlling their orbital and spinning motion due to the orbital and spin angular momenta of the water waves. Our results reveal the water-wave counterpart of optical and acoustic manipulation, which paves the way for applications in hydrodynamics and microfluidics. Interfering water waves can be tailored to realize topological structures, namely wave vortices, skyrmions and polarization Möbius strips, that can be used to manipulate particles floating on the water surface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Bo and Che, Zhiyuan and Cheng, Cheng and Tong, Caili and Shi, Lei and Shen, Yijie and Bliokh, Konstantin Y. and Zi, Jian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08384-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {394-400}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Topological water-wave structures manipulating particles}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Polytype switching by super-lubricant van der waals cavity arrays. NATURE, 638(8050), 389-393. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Expanding the performance of field-effect devices is a key challenge of the ever-growing chip industry at the core of current technologies1. Non-volatile multiferroic transistors that control atomic movements rather than purely electronic distribution are highly desired2. Recently, a field-effect control over structural transitions was achieved in commensurate stacking configurations of honeycomb van der Waals (vdW) polytypes by sliding boundary strips between oppositely polarized domains3–6. This ferroelectric hysteretic response, however, relied on pre-existing dislocation strips between relatively large micron-scale domains, severely limiting practical implementations3,7,8. Here we report the robust electric switching of single-domain polytypes in nanometre-scale islands embedded in super-lubricant vdW arrays. We etch cavities into a thin layered spacer and then encapsulate it with functional flakes. The flakes above/under the lattice-mismatched spacer sag and touch at each cavity to form islands of commensurate and metastable polytype configurations. By imaging the polarization of the polytypes, we observe nucleation and annihilation of boundary strips and geometry-adaptable ferroelectric hysteresis loops. Using mechanical stress, we further control the position of boundary strips, modify marginal twist angles and nucleate patterns of polar domain. This super-lubricant arrays of polytype (SLAP) concept suggests ‘slidetronics’ device applications such as elastic-coupled neuromorphic memory cells and non-volatile multiferroic tunnelling transistors and programmable response by designing the size, shape and symmetry of the islands and of the arrays9. By etching cavities into a thin lubricant spacer and encapsulating it with functional flakes, electric and mechanical switching of single-crystal, van der Waals stacking configurations is demonstrated.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yeo, Youngki and Sharaby, Yoav and Roy, Nirmal and Raab, Noam and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Ben Shalom, Moshe}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08380-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {389-393}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Polytype switching by super-lubricant van der waals cavity arrays}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Distributed quantum computing across an optical network link. NATURE, 638(8050), 383-388. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Distributed quantum computing (DQC) combines the computing power of multiple networked quantum processing modules, ideally enabling the execution of large quantum circuits without compromising performance or qubit connectivity1,2. Photonic networks are well suited as a versatile and reconfigurable interconnect layer for DQC; remote entanglement shared between matter qubits across the network enables all-to-all logical connectivity through quantum gate teleportation (QGT)3,4. For a scalable DQC architecture, the QGT implementation must be deterministic and repeatable; until now, no demonstration has satisfied these requirements. Here we experimentally demonstrate the distribution of quantum computations between two photonically interconnected trapped-ion modules. The modules, separated by about two metres, each contain dedicated network and circuit qubits. By using heralded remote entanglement between the network qubits, we deterministically teleport a controlled-Z (CZ) gate between two circuit qubits in separate modules, achieving 86% fidelity. We then execute Grover’s search algorithm5—to our knowledge, the first implementation of a distributed quantum algorithm comprising several non-local two-qubit gates—and measure a 71% success rate. Furthermore, we implement distributed iSWAP and SWAP circuits, compiled with two and three instances of QGT, respectively, demonstrating the ability to distribute arbitrary two-qubit operations6. As photons can be interfaced with a variety of systems, the versatile DQC architecture demonstrated here provides a viable pathway towards large-scale quantum computing for a range of physical platforms. The distribution of quantum computations is demonstrated between two photonically interconnected trapped-ion modules, using repeatable, deterministic teleported controlled-Z gates to perform Grover’s search algorithm.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Main, D. and Drmota, P. and Nadlinger, D. P. and Ainley, E. M. and Agrawal, A. and Nichol, B. C. and Srinivas, R. and Araneda, G. and Lucas, D. M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08404-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {383-388}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Distributed quantum computing across an optical network link}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT. NATURE, 638(8050), 376-382. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The detection of cosmic neutrinos with energies above a teraelectronvolt (TeV) offers a unique exploration into astrophysical phenomena1–3. Electrically neutral and interacting only by means of the weak interaction, neutrinos are not deflected by magnetic fields and are rarely absorbed by interstellar matter: their direction indicates that their cosmic origin might be from the farthest reaches of the Universe. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when ultra-relativistic cosmic-ray protons or nuclei interact with other matter or photons, and their observation could be a signature of these processes. Here we report an exceptionally high-energy event observed by KM3NeT, the deep-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea4, which we associate with a cosmic neutrino detection. We detect a muon with an estimated energy of $$12{0}_{-60}^{+110}$$ petaelectronvolts (PeV). In light of its enormous energy and near-horizontal direction, the muon most probably originated from the interaction of a neutrino of even higher energy in the vicinity of the detector. The cosmic neutrino energy spectrum measured up to now5–7 falls steeply with energy. However, the energy of this event is much larger than that of any neutrino detected so far. This suggests that the neutrino may have originated in a different cosmic accelerator than the lower-energy neutrinos, or this may be the first detection of a cosmogenic neutrino8, resulting from the interactions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with background photons in the Universe. A very high-energy muon observed by the KM3NeT experiment in the Mediterranean Sea is evidence for the interaction of an exceptionally high-energy neutrino of cosmic origin.  }, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08543-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {376-382}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Observation of an ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino with KM3NeT}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Millihertz oscillations near the innermost orbit of a supermassive black hole. NATURE, 638(8050), 370-375. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent discoveries from time-domain surveys are defying our expectations for how matter accretes onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The increased rate of short-timescale, repetitive events around SMBHs, including the recently discovered quasi-periodic eruptions1–5, are garnering further interest in stellar-mass companions around SMBHs and the progenitors to millihertz-frequency gravitational-wave events. Here we report the discovery of a highly significant millihertz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in an actively accreting SMBH, 1ES 1927+654, which underwent a major optical, ultraviolet and X-ray outburst beginning in 20186,7. The QPO was detected in 2022 with a roughly 18-minute period, corresponding to coherent motion on a scale of less than 10 gravitational radii, much closer to the SMBH than typical quasi-periodic eruptions. The period decreased to 7.1 minutes over 2 years with a decelerating period evolution ( $$\ddot{P}$$ greater than zero). To our knowledge, this evolution has never been seen in SMBH QPOs or high-frequency QPOs in stellar-mass black holes. Models invoking orbital decay of a stellar-mass companion struggle to explain the period evolution without stable mass transfer to offset angular-momentum losses, and the lack of a direct analogue to stellar-mass black-hole QPOs means that many instability models cannot explain all of the observed properties of the QPO in 1ES 1927+654. Future X-ray monitoring will test these models, and if it is a stellar-mass orbiter, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should detect its low-frequency gravitational-wave emission. A millihertz frequency X-ray quasi-periodic oscillation has been observed near the innermost orbit of an actively accreting supermassive black hole and its frequency has evolved significantly over 2 years, a phenomenon that is difficult to explain with existing models.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Masterson, Megan and Kara, Erin and Panagiotou, Christos and Alston, William N. and Chakraborty, Joheen and Burdge, Kevin and Ricci, Claudio and Laha, Sibasish and Arcavi, Iair and Arcodia, Riccardo and Cenko, S. Bradley and Fabian, Andrew C. and García, Javier A. and Giustini, Margherita and Ingram, Adam and Kosec, Peter and Loewenstein, Michael and Meyer, Eileen T. and Miniutti, Giovanni and Pinto, Ciro and Remillard, Ronald A. and Sadaula, Dev R. and Shuvo, Onic I. and Trakhtenbrot, Benny and Wang, Jingyi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08385-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {370-375}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Millihertz oscillations near the innermost orbit of a supermassive black hole}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The bulk motion of gas in the core of the centaurus galaxy cluster. NATURE, 638(8050), 365-369. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Galaxy clusters contain vast amounts of hot ionized gas known as the intracluster medium (ICM). In relaxed cluster cores, the radiative cooling time of the ICM is shorter than the age of the cluster. However, the absence of line emission associated with cooling suggests heating mechanisms that offset the cooling, with feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) being the most likely source1,2. Turbulence and bulk motions, such as the oscillating (‘sloshing’) motion of the core gas in the cluster potential well, have also been proposed as mechanisms for heat distribution from the outside of the core3,4. Here we present X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite. We find that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy, with velocities from 130 km s−1 to 310 km s−1 within about 30 kpc of the centre. This indicates bulk flow consistent with core gas sloshing. Although the bulk flow may prevent excessive accumulation of cooled gas at the centre, it could distribute the heat injected by the AGN and bring in thermal energy from the surrounding ICM. The velocity dispersion of the gas is found to be only ≲120 km s−1 in the core, even within about 10 kpc of the AGN. This suggests that the influence of the AGN on the surrounding ICM motion is limited in the cluster. X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite show that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {365-369}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The bulk motion of gas in the core of the centaurus galaxy cluster}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Directly imaging the cooling flow in the phoenix cluster. NATURE, 638(8050), 360-364. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the centres of many galaxy clusters, the hot (approximately 107 kelvin) intracluster medium can become dense enough that it should cool on short timescales1,2. However, the low measured star formation rates in massive central galaxies3–6 and the absence of soft X-ray lines from the cooling gas7–9 suggest that most of this gas never cools. This is known as the cooling flow problem. The latest observations suggest that black hole jets are maintaining the vast majority of gas at high temperatures10–16. A cooling flow has yet to be fully mapped through all the gas phases in any galaxy cluster. Here we present observations of the Phoenix cluster17 using the James Webb Space Telescope to map the [Ne vi] λ 7.652-μm emission line, enabling us to probe the gas at 105.5 kelvin on large scales. These data show extended [Ne vi] emission that is cospatial with the cooling peak in the intracluster medium, the coolest gas phases and the sites of active star formation. Taken together, these imply a recent episode of rapid cooling, causing a short-lived spike in the cooling rate, which we estimate to be 5,000–23,000 solar masses per year. These data provide a large-scale map of gas at temperatures between 105 kelvin and 106 kelvin in a cluster core, and highlight the critical role that black hole feedback has in not only regulating cooling but also promoting it18. Observations of the Phoenix cluster using the James Webb Space Telescope reveal rapid cooling in galaxy cluster cores, driven by black hole jets, with gas temperatures mapped between 105 K and 106 K and cooling rates of 5,000–23,000 M⊙ yr−1.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Reefe, Michael and McDonald, Michael and Chatzikos, Marios and Seebeck, Jerome and Mushotzky, Richard and Veilleux, Sylvain and Allen, Steven W. and Bayliss, Matthew and Calzadilla, Michael and Canning, Rebecca and Floyd, Benjamin and Gaspari, Massimo and Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie and McNamara, Brian and Russell, Helen and Sharon, Keren and Somboonpanyakul, Taweewat}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08369-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {360-364}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Directly imaging the cooling flow in the phoenix cluster}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). MorPhiC consortium: Towards functional characterization of all human genes. NATURE, 638(8050), 351-359. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recent advances in functional genomics and human cellular models have substantially enhanced our understanding of the structure and regulation of the human genome. However, our grasp of the molecular functions of human genes remains incomplete and biased towards specific gene classes. The Molecular Phenotypes of Null Alleles in Cells (MorPhiC) Consortium aims to address this gap by creating a comprehensive catalogue of the molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with null alleles of all human genes using in vitro multicellular systems. In this Perspective, we present the strategic vision of the MorPhiC Consortium and discuss various strategies for generating null alleles, as well as the challenges involved. We describe the cellular models and scalable phenotypic readouts that will be used in the consortium’s initial phase, focusing on 1,000 protein-coding genes. The resulting molecular and cellular data will be compiled into a catalogue of null-allele phenotypes. The methodologies developed in this phase will establish best practices for extending these approaches to all human protein-coding genes. The resources generated—including engineered cell lines, plasmids, phenotypic data, genomic information and computational tools—will be made available to the broader research community to facilitate deeper insights into human gene functions. This Perspective discusses strategies and challenges for the Molecular Phenotypes of Null Alleles in Cells (MorPhiC) Consortium as it aims to catalogue the molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with null alleles of all human genes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Adli, Mazhar and Przybyla, Laralynne and Burdett, Tony and Burridge, Paul W. and Cacheiro, Pilar and Chang, Howard Y. and Engreitz, Jesse M. and Gilbert, Luke A. and Greenleaf, William J. and Hsu, Li and Huangfu, Danwei and Hung, Ling-Hong and Kundaje, Anshul and Li, Sheng and Parkinson, Helen and Qiu, Xiaojie and Robson, Paul and Schürer, Stephan C. and Shojaie, Ali and Skarnes, William C. and Smedley, Damian and Studer, Lorenz and Sun, Wei and Vidović, Dušica and Vierbuchen, Thomas and White, Brian S. and Yeung, Ka Yee and Yue, Feng and Zhou, Ting}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08243-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {351-359}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {MorPhiC consortium: Towards functional characterization of all human genes}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Geological net zero and the need for disaggregated accounting for carbon sinks. NATURE, 638(8050), 343-350. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Achieving net-zero global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), with declining emissions of other greenhouse gases, is widely expected to halt global warming. CO2 emissions will continue to drive warming until fully balanced by active anthropogenic CO2 removals. For practical reasons, however, many greenhouse gas accounting systems allow some ‘passive’ CO2 uptake, such as enhanced vegetation growth owing to CO2 fertilization, to be included as removals in the definition of net anthropogenic emissions. By including passive CO2 uptake, nominal net-zero emissions would not halt global warming, undermining the Paris Agreement. Here we discuss measures to address this problem, to ensure residual fossil fuel use does not cause further global warming: land management categories should be disaggregated in emissions reporting and targets to better separate the role of passive CO2 uptake; where possible, claimed removals should be additional to passive uptake; and targets should acknowledge the need for Geological Net Zero, meaning one tonne of CO2 permanently restored to the solid Earth for every tonne still generated from fossil sources. We also argue that scientific understanding of Net Zero provides a basis for allocating responsibility for the protection of passive carbon sinks during and after the transition to Geological Net Zero. Including passive CO2 uptake as an anthropogenic removal in greenhouse gas accounting systems could undermine the Paris Agreement; measures to address this include acknowledging the need for Geological Net Zero and disaggregated accounting for carbon sinks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Allen, Myles R. and Frame, David J. and Friedlingstein, Pierre and Gillett, Nathan P. and Grassi, Giacomo and Gregory, Jonathan M. and Hare, William and House, Jo and Huntingford, Chris and Jenkins, Stuart and Jones, Chris D. and Knutti, Reto and Lowe, Jason A. and Matthews, H. Damon and Meinshausen, Malte and Meinshausen, Nicolai and Peters, Glen P. and Plattner, Gian-Kasper and Raper, Sarah and Rogelj, Joeri and Stott, Peter A. and Solomon, Susan and Stocker, Thomas F. and Weaver, Andrew J. and Zickfeld, Kirsten}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08326-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {343-350}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Geological net zero and the need for disaggregated accounting for carbon sinks}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The neuroimmune connectome in health and disease. NATURE, 638(8050), 333-342. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nervous and immune systems have complementary roles in the adaptation of organisms to environmental changes. However, the mechanisms that mediate cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems, called neuroimmune interactions, are poorly understood. In this Review, we summarize advances in the understanding of neuroimmune communication, with a principal focus on the central nervous system (CNS): its response to immune signals and the immunological consequences of CNS activity. We highlight these themes primarily as they relate to neurological diseases, the control of immunity, and the regulation of complex behaviours. We also consider the importance and challenges linked to the study of the neuroimmune connectome, which is defined as the totality of neuroimmune interactions in the body, because this provides a conceptual framework to identify mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. Finally, we discuss how the latest techniques can advance our understanding of the neuroimmune connectome, and highlight the outstanding questions in the field. A review of studies on communication between the nervous and immune systems redefines the neuroimmune connectome with a focus on health and disease, and discusses how the latest techniques can advance our understanding.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wheeler, Michael A. and Quintana, Francisco J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08474-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {333-342}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The neuroimmune connectome in health and disease}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Amazing australopithecus — Excitement from 1925 about a ‘man ape’ fossil find. NATURE, 638(8050), 331. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A skull discovered in South Africa provides key evidence about human evolution, and early plans for a tunnel to connect England and France, in this week’s pick from the Nature archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00066-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {331}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Amazing australopithecus — Excitement from 1925 about a ‘man ape’ fossil find}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Signs of damage that drive protein degradation. NATURE, 638(8050), 330-332. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many environmental toxins damage proteins, which then must be removed to avoid dangerous protein aggregation and disease. How cells dispose of chemically modified proteins has been unclear, but a discovery offers some clues. How the stress-response machinery eliminates damaged proteins.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Freeberg, Alfred and Rapé, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00082-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {330-332}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Signs of damage that drive protein degradation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Breaking up clusters of circulating tumour cells to halt cancer spread. NATURE, 638(8050), 329-330. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A drug that limits the clustering of malignant breast-cancer cells that are moving through the bloodstream to distant organs might open avenues to block the lethal spread of a tumour. The drug digoxin reduces the clustering of tumour cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smit, Daniel J. and Pantel, Klaus}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00251-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {329-330}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Breaking up clusters of circulating tumour cells to halt cancer spread}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). X-ray telescope casts a sharper gaze on galaxy clusters. NATURE, 638(8050), 328-329. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Data from the XRISM X-ray satellite provide unprecedented detail on how ionized plasma moves in massive galaxy clusters — a question with huge cosmological and astrophysical implications. X-ray telescope elucidates the inner workings of galaxy clusters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Borgani, Stefano}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00087-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {328-329}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {X-ray telescope casts a sharper gaze on galaxy clusters}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The greenland ice sheet is fracturing faster than expected. NATURE, 638(8050), 327. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Three-dimensional maps of glacier surfaces across Greenland reveal that cracks are growing rapidly where land ice meets the sea — and climate change is to blame. Cracks in Greenland's glaciers deepened by climate change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00408-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {327}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The greenland ice sheet is fracturing faster than expected}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Viral tolerance enabled by a bat-specific genomic tweak. NATURE, 638(8050), 326-327. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bats carry viral pathogens that typically do not lead to severe disease in the bats themselves but can be lethal to humans. Adaptations in certain immune genes might contribute to this resistance. Comparative genomics reveals how virus-carrying bats resist disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhu, Junji and Gack, Michaela U.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00081-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {326-327}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Viral tolerance enabled by a bat-specific genomic tweak}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mysterious neutrino barrels through deep waters near sicily. NATURE, 638(8050), 324-325. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The observation of a neutrino in an enormous underwater detector has confounded physicists. It is much more energetic than any particle observed previously, suggesting that it came from a distant astrophysical source. Highest-energy neutrino observed by underwater detector.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Blaufuss, Erik K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00035-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {324-325}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mysterious neutrino barrels through deep waters near sicily}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The lost long tail of early bird evolution. NATURE, 638(8050), 323-324. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the nineteenth century, the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx revealed how birds evolved from dinosaurs. A bird fossil of similar age to Archaeopteryx shows flight-aiding innovations such as the loss of a long tail. Fossil find reveals the earliest known short-tailed bird.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brusatte, Stephen L.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04212-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {323-324}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The lost long tail of early bird evolution}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Close the biodiversity funding gap by teaching conservation to financial professionals. NATURE, 638(8050), 321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Xiao}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00431-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Close the biodiversity funding gap by teaching conservation to financial professionals}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nature markets are nothing new — They are widespread, regulated and instructive. NATURE, 638(8050), 321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Shrikanth, Siddarth and zu Ermgassen, Sophus and Bull, Joseph W.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00432-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nature markets are nothing new — They are widespread, regulated and instructive}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Outdated rules on expenses prevent academics from travelling more sustainably. NATURE, 638(8050), 321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cardini, Andrea}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00433-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Outdated rules on expenses prevent academics from travelling more sustainably}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Scientific societies need to modernize. NATURE, 638(8050), 321. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramirez-Bravo, Osvaldo Eric}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00434-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {321}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Scientific societies need to modernize}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Japan can be a science heavyweight once more — If it rethinks funding. NATURE, 638(8050), 318-320. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The nation must lose its tight focus on individual disciplines if it is to keep pace with the evolving requirements of scientific enquiry. The nation must lose its tight focus on individual disciplines if it is to keep pace with the evolving requirements of scientific enquiry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goda, Keisuke and Igaki, Tatsushi and Kuhn, Bernd and Mizushima, Noboru and Nagai, Takeharu and Nakagawa, Atsuhiro and Osumi, Noriko and Shen, Amy Q. and Sonoshita, Masahiro and Yanagisawa, Masashi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00394-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {318-320}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Japan can be a science heavyweight once more — If it rethinks funding}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to end outrage and detoxify politics: Share stories, not statistics. NATURE, 638(8050), 314-315. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A book on human morality claims that although liberals and conservatives prioritize different victims, mutual understanding is still possible. A book on human morality claims that although liberals and conservatives prioritize different victims, mutual understanding is still possible.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zmigrod, Leor}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00407-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {314-315}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to end outrage and detoxify politics: Share stories, not statistics}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Your brain is full of microplastics: Are they harming you?. NATURE, 638(8050), 311-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plastics have infiltrated every recess of the planet, including your lungs, kidneys and other sensitive organs. Scientists are scrambling to understand their effects on health. Plastics have infiltrated every recess of the planet, including your lungs, kidneys and other sensitive organs. Scientists are scrambling to understand their effects on health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00405-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {311-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Your brain is full of microplastics: Are they harming you?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dozens of new obesity drugs are coming: These are the ones to watch. NATURE, 638(8050), 308-310. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Next-generation obesity drugs will work differently from Ozempic and Wegovy — aiming to deliver greater weight loss with fewer side effects. Next-generation obesity drugs will work differently from Ozempic and Wegovy — aiming to deliver greater weight loss with fewer side effects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00404-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {308-310}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dozens of new obesity drugs are coming: These are the ones to watch}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crowds suck people into a vortex — Surprising physicists. NATURE, 638(8050), 305-306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studying crowd dynamics could inform strategies that help to prevent dense gatherings from becoming dangerous. Studying crowd dynamics could inform strategies that help to prevent dense gatherings from becoming dangerous.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00373-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {305-306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crowds suck people into a vortex — Surprising physicists}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The science behind the first pig-organ transplant trial in humans. NATURE, 638(8050), 303-304. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The small trial will help to establish whether kidneys from genetically modified pigs can be transplanted into people safely and effectively. The small trial will help to establish whether kidneys from genetically modified pigs can be transplanted into people safely and effectively.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti and Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00368-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {303-304}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The science behind the first pig-organ transplant trial in humans}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘It is chaos’: US funding freezes are endangering global health. NATURE, 638(8050), 299-300. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Abrupt changes to programmes including USAID inhibit global efforts to stop diseases such as HIV, malaria and more, say researchers. Abrupt changes to programmes including USAID inhibit global efforts to stop diseases such as HIV, malaria and more, say researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00385-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {299-300}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘It is chaos’: US funding freezes are endangering global health}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to make the perfect egg: Give it lukewarm baths. NATURE, 638(8050), 297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Process turns out eggs with delectable texture and high nutritional value. Process turns out eggs with delectable texture and high nutritional value.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00237-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to make the perfect egg: Give it lukewarm baths}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Record-setting trove of buried beads speaks to power of ancient women. NATURE, 638(8050), 297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A Copper Age burial in Spain holds the largest collection of beads ever found ― enough to require a tonne of shellfish as raw material. A Copper Age burial in Spain holds the largest collection of beads ever found ― enough to require a tonne of shellfish as raw material.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00325-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Record-setting trove of buried beads speaks to power of ancient women}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bonobos know when you’re in the know ― and when you’re not. NATURE, 638(8050), 297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The apes can tailor their communications to account for a human partner’s level of knowledge. The apes can tailor their communications to account for a human partner’s level of knowledge.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00326-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bonobos know when you’re in the know ― and when you’re not}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How COVID vaccination keeps a ‘breakthrough’ infection in check. NATURE, 638(8050), 297. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The vaccines’ effect on inflammation-promoting cells might help to explain why the jabs protect against severe disease. The vaccines’ effect on inflammation-promoting cells might help to explain why the jabs protect against severe disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00327-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {297}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How COVID vaccination keeps a ‘breakthrough’ infection in check}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Male-dominated campuses belong to the past’: The university of tokyo tackles the gender gap. NATURE, 638(8050), 295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A range of initiatives, from financial-support schemes to awareness campaigns, is already changing the university’s environment. A range of initiatives, from financial-support schemes to awareness campaigns, is already changing the university’s environment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hayashi, Kaori}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00403-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Male-dominated campuses belong to the past’: The university of tokyo tackles the gender gap}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why is mathematics education failing some of the world’s most talented children?. NATURE, 638(8050), 293. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A study shines a light on the remarkable arithmetic skills that young people acquire outside formal schooling. Education must evolve to enable them to fulfil their potential. A study shines a light on the remarkable arithmetic skills that young people acquire outside formal schooling. Education must evolve to enable them to fulfil their potential.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00402-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8050}, pages = {293}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why is mathematics education failing some of the world’s most talented children?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How hosting ukrainian scientists offers a template for supporting other scholars at risk. NATURE, 638(8050), 569-571. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ahead of the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, displaced academics describe their experiences settling into UK universities. Ahead of the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, displaced academics describe their experiences settling into UK universities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Plackett, Benjamin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04024-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {569-571}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How hosting ukrainian scientists offers a template for supporting other scholars at risk}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Colin renfrew obituary: Archaeologist who shifted thinking on how societies evolve. NATURE, 638(8050), 317. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {He brought cutting-edge methods to archaeological analysis, helping to reshape the field. He brought cutting-edge methods to archaeological analysis, helping to reshape the field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Broodbank, Cyprian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00220-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {317}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Colin renfrew obituary: Archaeologist who shifted thinking on how societies evolve}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thousands of highly cited scientists have at least one retraction. NATURE, 638(8050), 306. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Database shows that researchers with retracted papers had higher self-citation rates and published more than those without retractions. Database shows that researchers with retracted papers had higher self-citation rates and published more than those without retractions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ryan, Jackson}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00257-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {306}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thousands of highly cited scientists have at least one retraction}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). US drug agency approves potent painkiller — The first non-opioid in decades. NATURE, 638(8050), 304-305. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The FDA’s nod for suzetrigine bolsters confidence in the pharmaceutical industry’s strategy to target sodium channels. The FDA’s nod for suzetrigine bolsters confidence in the pharmaceutical industry’s strategy to target sodium channels.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00274-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {304-305}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {US drug agency approves potent painkiller — The first non-opioid in decades}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘High anxiety moment’: Biden’s NIH chief talks trump 2.0 and the future of US science. NATURE, 638(8050), 302-303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Monica Bertagnolli details her concerns about Robert F. Kennedy Jr and his ‘Make America Healthy Again’ campaign. Monica Bertagnolli details her concerns about Robert F. Kennedy Jr and his ‘Make America Healthy Again’ campaign.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00238-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {302-303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘High anxiety moment’: Biden’s NIH chief talks trump 2.0 and the future of US science}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How china created AI model DeepSeek and shocked the world. NATURE, 638(8050), 300-301. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Government policies, generous funding and a pipeline of AI graduates have helped Chinese firms create advanced LLMs. Government policies, generous funding and a pipeline of AI graduates have helped Chinese firms create advanced LLMs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Conroy, Gemma and Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00259-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8050}, pages = {300-301}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How china created AI model DeepSeek and shocked the world}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: R-loop-dependent promoter-proximal termination ensures genome stability. NATURE, 638(8049), E1. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Congling and Li, Chengyu and Chen, Jiwei and Xiong, Yan and Qiao, Zhibin and Fan, Pengyu and Li, Conghui and Ma, Shuangyu and Liu, Jin and Song, Aixia and Tao, Bolin and Xu, Tao and Xu, Wei and Chi, Yayun and Xue, Jingyan and Wang, Pu and Ye, Dan and Gu, Hongzhou and Zhang, Peng and Wang, Qiong and Xiao, Ruijing and Cheng, Jingdong and Zheng, Hai and Yu, Xiaoli and Zhang, Zhen and Wu, Jiong and Liang, Kaiwei and Liu, Yan-Jun and Lu, Huasong and Chen, Fei Xavier}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08606-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {E1}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: R-loop-dependent promoter-proximal termination ensures genome stability}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Researching endangered animals in the sahara has its own dangers. NATURE, 638(8049), 286. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Conservation biologist Jose María Gil-Sánchez dodges landmines and installs camera traps to document little-known Saharan mammals. Conservation biologist Jose María Gil-Sánchez dodges landmines and installs camera traps to document little-known Saharan mammals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00320-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {286}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Researching endangered animals in the sahara has its own dangers}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microbes in space: How bacteria could help sustain long-distance space travel. NATURE, 638(8049), 282-284. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {So far, microorganisms have been research subjects or contaminants on space stations, but could they assist longer missions? So far, microorganisms have been research subjects or contaminants on space stations, but could they assist longer missions?}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dance, Amber}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00319-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {282-284}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microbes in space: How bacteria could help sustain long-distance space travel}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Research that touches the heart’: The scientists who study sex and love. NATURE, 638(8049), 279-281. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Romance and relationships are research topics for some scientists in academia and the private sector. Nature asked them for their insights. Romance and relationships are research topics for some scientists in academia and the private sector. Nature asked them for their insights.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sohn, Emily}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00318-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {279-281}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Research that touches the heart’: The scientists who study sex and love}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structures and mechanism of condensation in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. NATURE, 638(8049), 270-278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are megaenzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of many clinically important natural products, from early modern medicines (penicillin, bacitracin) to current blockbuster drugs (cubicin, vancomycin) and newly approved therapeutics (rezafungin)1,2. The key chemical step in these biosyntheses is amide bond formation between aminoacyl building blocks, catalysed by the condensation (C) domain3. There has been much debate over the mechanism of this reaction3–12. NRPS condensation has been difficult to fully characterize because it is one of many successive reactions in the NRPS synthetic cycle and because the canonical substrates are each attached transiently as thioesters to mobile carrier domains, which are often both contained in the same very flexible protein as the C domain. Here we have produced a dimodular NRPS protein in two parts, modified each with appropriate non-hydrolysable substrate analogues13,14, assembled the two parts with protein ligation15, and solved the structures of the substrate- and product-bound states. The structures show the precise orientation of the megaenzyme preparing the nucleophilic attack of its key chemical step, and enable biochemical assays and quantum mechanical simulations to precisely interrogate the reaction. These data suggest that NRPS C domains use a concerted reaction mechanism, whereby the active-site histidine likely functions not as a general base, but as a crucial stabilizing hydrogen bond acceptor for the developing ammonium. The condensation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases use a concerted reaction mechanism in which the active site histidine probably serves as a crucial stabilizing hydrogen bond acceptor for the developing ammonium.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pistofidis, Angelos and Ma, Pengchen and Li, Zihao and Munro, Kim and Houk, K. N. and Schmeing, T. Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08417-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {270-278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structures and mechanism of condensation in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crosslinking intermodular condensation in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. NATURE, 638(8049), 261-269. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases are assembly line biosynthetic pathways that are used to produce critical therapeutic drugs and are typically arranged as large multi-domain proteins called megasynthetases1. They synthesize polypeptides using peptidyl carrier proteins that shuttle each amino acid through modular loading, modification and elongation2 steps, and remain challenging to structurally characterize, owing in part to the inherent dynamics of their multi-domain and multi-modular architectures3. Here we have developed site-selective crosslinking probes to conformationally constrain and resolve the interactions between carrier proteins and their partner enzymatic domains4,5. We apply tetrazine click chemistry to trap the condensation of two carrier protein substrates within the active site of the condensation domain that unites the first two modules of tyrocidine biosynthesis and report the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of this complex. Together with the X-ray crystal structure of the first carrier protein crosslinked to its epimerization domain, these structures highlight captured intermodular recognition events and define the processive movement of a carrier protein from one catalytic step to the next. Characterization of these structural relationships remains central to understanding the molecular details of these unique synthetases and critically informs future synthetic biology design of these pathways. Structural studies of tyrocidine synthetase using site-selective crosslinking probes to link condensation domains with carrier protein substrates define key interactions and molecular mechanisms of non-ribosomal protein synthesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Heberlig, Graham W. and La Clair, James J. and Burkart, Michael D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08306-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {261-269}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crosslinking intermodular condensation in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nucleosome fibre topology guides transcription factor binding to enhancers. NATURE, 638(8049), 251-260. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cellular identity requires the concerted action of multiple transcription factors (TFs) bound together to enhancers of cell-type-specific genes. Despite TFs recognizing specific DNA motifs within accessible chromatin, this information is insufficient to explain how TFs select enhancers1. Here we compared four different TF combinations that induce different cell states, analysing TF genome occupancy, chromatin accessibility, nucleosome positioning and 3D genome organization at the nucleosome resolution. We show that motif recognition on mononucleosomes can decipher only the individual binding of TFs. When bound together, TFs act cooperatively or competitively to target nucleosome arrays with defined 3D organization, displaying motifs in particular patterns. In one combination, motif directionality funnels TF combinatorial binding along chromatin loops, before infiltrating laterally to adjacent enhancers. In other combinations, TFs assemble on motif-dense and highly interconnected loop junctions, and subsequently translocate to nearby lineage-specific sites. We propose a guided-search model in which motif grammar on nucleosome fibres acts as signpost elements, directing TF combinatorial binding to enhancers. Motif grammar on nucleosome fibres acts as signpost elements, directing TF combinatorial binding to enhancers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Dwyer, Michael R. and Azagury, Meir and Furlong, Katharine and Alsheikh, Amani and Hall-Ponsele, Elisa and Pinto, Hugo and Fyodorov, Dmitry V. and Jaber, Mohammad and Papachristoforou, Eleni and Benchetrit, Hana and Ashmore, James and Makedonski, Kirill and Rahamim, Moran and Hanzevacki, Marta and Yassen, Hazar and Skoda, Samuel and Levy, Adi and Pollard, Steven M. and Skoultchi, Arthur I. and Buganim, Yosef and Soufi, Abdenour}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08333-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {251-260}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nucleosome fibre topology guides transcription factor binding to enhancers}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation. NATURE, 638(8049), 244-250. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lung metastases occur in up to 54% of patients with metastatic tumours1,2. Contributing factors to this high frequency include the physical properties of the pulmonary system and a less oxidative environment that may favour the survival of cancer cells3. Moreover, secreted factors from primary tumours alter immune cells and the extracellular matrix of the lung, creating a permissive pre-metastatic environment primed for the arriving cancer cells4,5. Nutrients are also primed during pre-metastatic niche formation6. Yet, whether and how nutrients available in organs in which tumours metastasize confer cancer cells with aggressive traits is mostly undefined. Here we found that pulmonary aspartate triggers a cellular signalling cascade in disseminated cancer cells, resulting in a translational programme that boosts aggressiveness of lung metastases. Specifically, we observe that patients and mice with breast cancer have high concentrations of aspartate in their lung interstitial fluid. This extracellular aspartate activates the ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in cancer cells, which promotes CREB-dependent expression of deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH is essential for hypusination, a post-translational modification that is required for the activity of the non-classical translation initiation factor eIF5A. In turn, a translational programme with TGFβ signalling as a central hub promotes collagen synthesis in lung-disseminated breast cancer cells. We detected key proteins of this mechanism in lung metastases from patients with breast cancer. In summary, we found that aspartate, a classical biosynthesis metabolite, functions in the lung environment as an extracellular signalling molecule to promote aggressiveness of metastases. Aspartate in the tumour environment activates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in cancer cells to induce cellular programmes that increase the aggressiveness of metastasis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Doglioni, Ginevra and Fernández-García, Juan and Igelmann, Sebastian and Altea-Manzano, Patricia and Blomme, Arnaud and La Rovere, Rita and Liu, Xiao-Zheng and Liu, Yawen and Tricot, Tine and Nobis, Max and An, Ning and Leclercq, Marine and El Kharraz, Sarah and Karras, Panagiotis and Hsieh, Yu-Heng and Solari, Fiorella A. and Martins Nascentes Melo, Luiza and Allies, Gabrielle and Scopelliti, Annalisa and Rossi, Matteo and Vermeire, Ines and Broekaert, Dorien and Ferreira Campos, Ana Margarida and Neven, Patrick and Maetens, Marion and Van Baelen, Karen and Alkan, H. Furkan and Planque, Mélanie and Floris, Giuseppe and Sickmann, Albert and Tasdogan, Alpaslan and Marine, Jean-Christophe and Scheele, Colinda L. G. J. and Desmedt, Christine and Bultynck, Geert and Close, Pierre and Fendt, Sarah-Maria}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08335-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {244-250}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rapid and scalable personalized ASO screening in patient-derived organoids. NATURE, 638(8049), 237-243. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Personalized antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have achieved positive results in the treatment of rare genetic disease1. As clinical sequencing technologies continue to advance, the ability to identify patients with rare disease harbouring pathogenic genetic variants amenable to this therapeutic strategy will probably improve. Here we describe a scalable platform for generating patient-derived cellular models and demonstrate that these personalized models can be used for preclinical evaluation of patient-specific ASOs. We describe protocols for delivery of ASOs to patient-derived organoid models and confirm reversal of disease-associated phenotypes in cardiac organoids derived from a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with a structural deletion in the gene encoding dystrophin (DMD) that is amenable to treatment with existing ASO therapeutics. Furthermore, we designed novel patient-specific ASOs for two additional patients with DMD (siblings) with a deep intronic variant in the DMD gene that gives rise to a novel splice acceptor site, incorporation of a cryptic exon and premature transcript termination. We showed that treatment of patient-derived cardiac organoids with patient-specific ASOs results in restoration of DMD expression and reversal of disease-associated phenotypes. The approach outlined here provides the foundation for an expedited path towards the design and preclinical evaluation of personalized ASO therapeutics for a broad range of rare diseases. A scalable platform for generating patient-specific organoids for testing personalized oligonucleotide therapeutics is described.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Means, John C. and Martinez-Bengochea, Anabel L. and Louiselle, Daniel A. and Nemechek, Jacqelyn M. and Perry, John M. and Farrow, Emily G. and Pastinen, Tomi and Younger, Scott T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08462-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {237-243}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rapid and scalable personalized ASO screening in patient-derived organoids}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment. NATURE, 638(8049), 225-236. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack1. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune responses2–4. However, detailed mechanisms of such processes remain unclear. Here we analyse clinical specimens and identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in TILs that are shared with cancer cells. Moreover, mitochondria with mtDNA mutations from cancer cells are able to transfer to TILs. Typically, mitochondria in TILs readily undergo mitophagy through reactive oxygen species. However, mitochondria transferred from cancer cells do not undergo mitophagy, which we find is due to mitophagy-inhibitory molecules. These molecules attach to mitochondria and together are transferred to TILs, which results in homoplasmic replacement. T cells that acquire mtDNA mutations from cancer cells exhibit metabolic abnormalities and senescence, with defects in effector functions and memory formation. This in turn leads to impaired antitumour immunity both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, the presence of an mtDNA mutation in tumour tissue is a poor prognostic factor for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of cancer immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer and can contribute to the development of future cancer immunotherapies. Mitochondria with mutations in their DNA from cancer cells can be transferred to T cells in the tumour microenvironment, which leads to T cell dysfunction and impaired antitumour immunity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ikeda, Hideki and Kawase, Katsushige and Nishi, Tatsuya and Watanabe, Tomofumi and Takenaga, Keizo and Inozume, Takashi and Ishino, Takamasa and Aki, Sho and Lin, Jason and Kawashima, Shusuke and Nagasaki, Joji and Ueda, Youki and Suzuki, Shinichiro and Makinoshima, Hideki and Itami, Makiko and Nakamura, Yuki and Tatsumi, Yasutoshi and Suenaga, Yusuke and Morinaga, Takao and Honobe-Tabuchi, Akiko and Ohnuma, Takehiro and Kawamura, Tatsuyoshi and Umeda, Yoshiyasu and Nakamura, Yasuhiro and Kiniwa, Yukiko and Ichihara, Eiki and Hayashi, Hidetoshi and Ikeda, Jun-ichiro and Hanazawa, Toyoyuki and Toyooka, Shinichi and Mano, Hiroyuki and Suzuki, Takuji and Osawa, Tsuyoshi and Kawazu, Masahito and Togashi, Yosuke}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08439-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {225-236}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Host metabolism balances microbial regulation of bile acid signalling. NATURE, 638(8049), 216-224. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota, including bile acids (BA), extensively modulate vertebrate physiology, including development1, metabolism2–4, immune responses5–7 and cognitive function8. However, to what extent host responses balance the physiological effects of microbiota-derived metabolites remains unclear9,10. Here, using untargeted metabolomics of mouse tissues, we identified a family of BA–methylcysteamine (BA–MCY) conjugates that are abundant in the intestine and dependent on vanin 1 (VNN1), a pantetheinase highly expressed in intestinal tissues. This host-dependent MCY conjugation inverts BA function in the hepatobiliary system. Whereas microbiota-derived free BAs function as agonists of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and negatively regulate BA production, BA–MCYs act as potent antagonists of FXR and promote expression of BA biosynthesis genes in vivo. Supplementation with stable-isotope-labelled BA–MCY increased BA production in an FXR-dependent manner, and BA–MCY supplementation in a mouse model of hypercholesteraemia decreased lipid accumulation in the liver, consistent with BA–MCYs acting as intestinal FXR antagonists. The levels of BA–MCY were reduced in microbiota-deficient mice and restored by transplantation of human faecal microbiota. Dietary intervention with inulin fibre further increased levels of both free BAs and BA–MCY levels, indicating that BA–MCY production by the host is regulated by levels of microbiota-derived free BAs. We further show that diverse BA–MCYs are also present in human serum. Together, our results indicate that BA–MCY conjugation by the host balances host-dependent and microbiota-dependent metabolic pathways that regulate FXR-dependent physiology. A family of host-derived bile acid–methylcysteamine conjugates functions as FXR antagonists, forming part of a microbiota-dependent metabolic network that regulates FXR-dependent physiology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Won, Tae Hyung and Arifuzzaman, Mohammad and Parkhurst, Christopher N. and Miranda, Isabella C. and Zhang, Bingsen and Hu, Elin and Kashyap, Sanchita and Letourneau, Jeffrey and Jin, Wen-Bing and Fu, Yousi and Guzior, Douglas V. and Quinn, Robert A. and Guo, Chun-Jun and David, Lawrence A. and Artis, David and Schroeder, Frank C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08379-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {216-224}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Host metabolism balances microbial regulation of bile acid signalling}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bone marrow niches orchestrate stem-cell hierarchy and immune tolerance. NATURE, 638(8049), 206-215. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments, termed niches, at several different locations in tissues1–3. The differential functions of heterogeneous stem cells and niches are important given the increasing clinical applications of stem-cell transplantation and immunotherapy. Whether hierarchical structures among stem cells at distinct niches exist and further control aspects of immune tolerance is unknown. Here we describe previously unknown new hierarchical arrangements in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow niches that dictate both regenerative potential and immune privilege. High-level nitric oxide-generating (NOhi) HSCs are refractory to immune attack and exhibit delayed albeit robust long-term reconstitution. Such highly immune-privileged, primitive NOhi HSCs co-localize with distinctive capillaries characterized by primary ciliated endothelium and high levels of the immune-checkpoint molecule CD200. These capillaries regulate the regenerative functions of NOhi HSCs through the ciliary protein IFT20 together with CD200, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and autophagy signals, which further mediate immunoprotection. Notably, previously described niche constituents, sinusoidal cells and type-H vessels2–10 co-localize with less immune-privileged and less potent NOlow HSCs. Together, we identify highly immune-privileged, late-rising primitive HSCs and characterize their immunoprotective niches comprising specialized vascular domains. Our results indicate that the niche orchestrates hierarchy in stem cells and immune tolerance, and highlight future immunotherapeutic targets. Previously undescribed hierarchical arrangements in haematopoietic stem cells and their niches that mediate both regenerative potential and immune privilege are identified.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Furuhashi, Kazuhiro and Kakiuchi, Miwako and Ueda, Ryosuke and Oda, Hiroko and Ummarino, Simone and Ebralidze, Alexander K. and Bassal, Mahmoud A. and Meng, Chen and Sato, Tatsuyuki and Lyu, Jing and Han, Min-guk and Maruyama, Shoichi and Watanabe, Yu and Sawa, Yuriko and Kato, Daisuke and Wake, Hiroaki and Reizis, Boris and Frangos, John A. and Owens, David M. and Tenen, Daniel G. and Ghiran, Ionita C. and Robson, Simon C. and Fujisaki, Joji}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08352-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {206-215}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bone marrow niches orchestrate stem-cell hierarchy and immune tolerance}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A rare PRIMER cell state in plant immunity. NATURE, 638(8049), 197-205. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Plants lack specialized and mobile immune cells. Consequently, any cell type that encounters pathogens must mount immune responses and communicate with surrounding cells for successful defence. However, the diversity, spatial organization and function of cellular immune states in pathogen-infected plants are poorly understood1. Here we infect Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with bacterial pathogens that trigger or supress immune responses and integrate time-resolved single-cell transcriptomic, epigenomic and spatial transcriptomic data to identify cell states. We describe cell-state-specific gene-regulatory logic that involves transcription factors, putative cis-regulatory elements and target genes associated with disease and immunity. We show that a rare cell population emerges at the nexus of immune-active hotspots, which we designate as primary immune responder (PRIMER) cells. PRIMER cells have non-canonical immune signatures, exemplified by the expression and genome accessibility of a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, GT-3A, which contributes to plant immunity against bacterial pathogens. PRIMER cells are surrounded by another cell state (bystander) that activates genes for long-distance cell-to-cell immune signalling. Together, our findings suggest that interactions between these cell states propagate immune responses across the leaf. Our molecularly defined single-cell spatiotemporal atlas provides functional and regulatory insights into immune cell states in plants. The development of a molecularly defined spatiotemporal atlas of pathogen-infected Arabidopsis thaliana leaves reveals specific cell states that have distinct roles in plant immunity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nobori, Tatsuya and Monell, Alexander and Lee, Travis A. and Sakata, Yuka and Shirahama, Shoma and Zhou, Jingtian and Nery, Joseph R. and Mine, Akira and Ecker, Joseph R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08383-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {197-205}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A rare PRIMER cell state in plant immunity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Brain-wide cell-type-specific transcriptomic signatures of healthy ageing in mice. NATURE, 638(8049), 182-196. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Biological ageing can be defined as a gradual loss of homeostasis across various aspects of molecular and cellular function1,2. Mammalian brains consist of thousands of cell types3, which may be differentially susceptible or resilient to ageing. Here we present a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing dataset containing roughly 1.2 million high-quality single-cell transcriptomes of brain cells from young adult and aged mice of both sexes, from regions spanning the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. High-resolution clustering of all cells results in 847 cell clusters and reveals at least 14 age-biased clusters that are mostly glial types. At the broader cell subclass and supertype levels, we find age-associated gene expression signatures and provide a list of 2,449 unique differentially expressed genes (age-DE genes) for many neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Whereas most age-DE genes are unique to specific cell types, we observe common signatures with ageing across cell types, including a decrease in expression of genes related to neuronal structure and function in many neuron types, major astrocyte types and mature oligodendrocytes, and an increase in expression of genes related to immune function, antigen presentation, inflammation, and cell motility in immune cell types and some vascular cell types. Finally, we observe that some of the cell types that demonstrate the greatest sensitivity to ageing are concentrated around the third ventricle in the hypothalamus, including tanycytes, ependymal cells, and certain neuron types in the arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus that express genes canonically related to energy homeostasis. Many of these types demonstrate both a decrease in neuronal function and an increase in immune response. These findings suggest that the third ventricle in the hypothalamus may be a hub for ageing in the mouse brain. Overall, this study systematically delineates a dynamic landscape of cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the brain associated with normal ageing that will serve as a foundation for the investigation of functional changes in ageing and the interaction of ageing and disease. A comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing study delineates cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the brain associated with normal ageing that will inform the investigation into functional changes and the interaction of ageing and disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jin, Kelly and Yao, Zizhen and van Velthoven, Cindy T. J. and Kaplan, Eitan S. and Glattfelder, Katie and Barlow, Samuel T. and Boyer, Gabriella and Carey, Daniel and Casper, Tamara and Chakka, Anish Bhaswanth and Chakrabarty, Rushil and Clark, Michael and Departee, Max and Desierto, Marie and Gary, Amanda and Gloe, Jessica and Goldy, Jeff and Guilford, Nathan and Guzman, Junitta and Hirschstein, Daniel and Lee, Changkyu and Liang, Elizabeth and Pham, Trangthanh and Reding, Melissa and Ronellenfitch, Kara and Ruiz, Augustin and Sevigny, Josh and Shapovalova, Nadiya and Shulga, Lyudmila and Sulc, Josef and Torkelson, Amy and Tung, Herman and Levi, Boaz and Sunkin, Susan M. and Dee, Nick and Esposito, Luke and Smith, Kimberly A. and Tasic, Bosiljka and Zeng, Hongkui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08350-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {182-196}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Brain-wide cell-type-specific transcriptomic signatures of healthy ageing in mice}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dysregulation of mTOR signalling is a converging mechanism in lissencephaly. NATURE, 638(8049), 172-181. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cerebral cortex development in humans is a highly complex and orchestrated process that is under tight genetic regulation. Rare mutations that alter gene expression or function can disrupt the structure of the cerebral cortex, resulting in a range of neurological conditions1. Lissencephaly (‘smooth brain’) spectrum disorders comprise a group of rare, genetically heterogeneous congenital brain malformations commonly associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability2. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis remain unknown. Here we establish hypoactivity of the mTOR pathway as a clinically relevant molecular mechanism in lissencephaly spectrum disorders. We characterized two types of cerebral organoid derived from individuals with genetically distinct lissencephalies with a recessive mutation in p53-induced death domain protein 1 (PIDD1) or a heterozygous chromosome 17p13.3 microdeletion leading to Miller–Dieker lissencephaly syndrome (MDLS). PIDD1-mutant organoids and MDLS organoids recapitulated the thickened cortex typical of human lissencephaly and demonstrated dysregulation of protein translation, metabolism and the mTOR pathway. A brain-selective activator of mTOR complex 1 prevented and reversed cellular and molecular defects in the lissencephaly organoids. Our findings show that a converging molecular mechanism contributes to two genetically distinct lissencephaly spectrum disorders. Cellular, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells show that mTOR pathway hypoactivation is involved in two genetically distinct lissencephaly spectrum disorders.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Ce and Liang, Dan and Ercan-Sencicek, A. Gulhan and Bulut, Aybike S. and Cortes, Joelly and Cheng, Iris Q. and Henegariu, Octavian and Nishimura, Sayoko and Wang, Xinyuan and Peksen, A. Buket and Takeo, Yutaka and Caglar, Caner and Lam, TuKiet T. and Koroglu, Merve Nur and Narayanan, Anand and Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc and Miyagishima, Danielle F. and Mishra-Gorur, Ketu and Barak, Tanyeri and Yasuno, Katsuhito and Erson-Omay, E. Zeynep and Yalcinkaya, Cengiz and Wang, Guilin and Mane, Shrikant and Kaymakcalan, Hande and Guzel, Aslan and Caglayan, A. Okay and Tuysuz, Beyhan and Sestan, Nenad and Gunel, Murat and Louvi, Angeliki and Bilguvar, Kaya}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08341-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {172-181}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dysregulation of mTOR signalling is a converging mechanism in lissencephaly}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spatial transcriptomic clocks reveal cell proximity effects in brain ageing. NATURE, 638(8049), 160-171. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Old age is associated with a decline in cognitive function and an increase in neurodegenerative disease risk1. Brain ageing is complex and is accompanied by many cellular changes2. Furthermore, the influence that aged cells have on neighbouring cells and how this contributes to tissue decline is unknown. More generally, the tools to systematically address this question in ageing tissues have not yet been developed. Here we generate a spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics brain atlas of 4.2 million cells from 20 distinct ages across the adult lifespan and across two rejuvenating interventions—exercise and partial reprogramming. We build spatial ageing clocks, machine learning models trained on this spatial transcriptomics atlas, to identify spatial and cell-type-specific transcriptomic fingerprints of ageing, rejuvenation and disease, including for rare cell types. Using spatial ageing clocks and deep learning, we find that T cells, which increasingly infiltrate the brain with age, have a marked pro-ageing proximity effect on neighbouring cells. Surprisingly, neural stem cells have a strong pro-rejuvenating proximity effect on neighbouring cells. We also identify potential mediators of the pro-ageing effect of T cells and the pro-rejuvenating effect of neural stem cells on their neighbours. These results suggest that rare cell types can have a potent influence on their neighbours and could be targeted to counter tissue ageing. Spatial ageing clocks represent a useful tool for studying cell–cell interactions in spatial contexts and should allow scalable assessment of the efficacy of interventions for ageing and disease. A spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics map of the mouse brain at different ages reveals signatures of ageing, rejuvenation and disease, including ageing effects associated with T cells and rejuvenation associated with neural stem cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Eric D. and Zhou, Olivia Y. and Hauptschein, Max and Rappoport, Nimrod and Xu, Lucy and Navarro Negredo, Paloma and Liu, Ling and Rando, Thomas A. and Zou, James and Brunet, Anne}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08334-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {160-171}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spatial transcriptomic clocks reveal cell proximity effects in brain ageing}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The maternal x chromosome affects cognition and brain ageing in female mice. NATURE, 638(8049), 152-159. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Female mammalian cells have two X chromosomes, one of maternal origin and one of paternal origin. During development, one X chromosome randomly becomes inactivated1–4. This renders either the maternal X (Xm) chromosome or the paternal X (Xp) chromosome inactive, causing X mosaicism that varies between female individuals, with some showing considerable or complete skew of the X chromosome that remains active5–7. Parent-of-X origin can modify epigenetics through DNA methylation8,9 and possibly gene expression; thus, mosaicism could buffer dysregulated processes in ageing and disease. However, whether X skew or its mosaicism alters functions in female individuals is largely unknown. Here we tested whether skew towards an active Xm chromosome influences the brain and body—and then delineated unique features of Xm neurons and Xp neurons. An active Xm chromosome impaired cognition in female mice throughout the lifespan and led to worsened cognition with age. Cognitive deficits were accompanied by Xm-mediated acceleration of biological or epigenetic ageing of the hippocampus, a key centre for learning and memory, in female mice. Several genes were imprinted on the Xm chromosome of hippocampal neurons, suggesting silenced cognitive loci. CRISPR-mediated activation of Xm-imprinted genes improved cognition in ageing female mice. Thus, the Xm chromosome impaired cognition, accelerated brain ageing and silenced genes that contribute to cognition in ageing. Understanding how Xm impairs brain function could lead to an improved understanding of heterogeneity in cognitive health in female individuals and to X-chromosome-derived pathways that protect against cognitive deficits and brain ageing. The maternal X chromosome in female mice impairs cognition through the silencing of certain genes and accelerates ageing of the hippocampus.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abdulai-Saiku, Samira and Gupta, Shweta and Wang, Dan and Marino, Francesca and Moreno, Arturo J. and Huang, Yu and Srivastava, Deepak and Panning, Barbara and Dubal, Dena B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08457-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {152-159}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The maternal x chromosome affects cognition and brain ageing in female mice}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cretaceous antarctic bird skull elucidates early avian ecological diversity. NATURE, 638(8049), 146-151. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fossils representing Cretaceous lineages of crown clade birds (Aves) are exceptionally rare but are crucial to elucidating major ecological shifts across early avian divergences. Among the earliest known putative crown birds is Vegavis iaai1–5, a foot-propelled diver from the latest Cretaceous (69.2–68.4 million years ago)6 of Antarctica with controversial phylogenetic affinities2,7–10. Initially recovered by phylogenetic analyses as a stem anatid (ducks and closely related species)1,2,11, Vegavis has since been recovered as a stem member of Anseriformes (waterfowl)7–9, or outside Aves altogether10. Here we report a new, nearly complete skull of Vegavis that provides new insight into its feeding ecology and exhibits morphologies that support placement among waterfowl within crown-group birds. Vegavis has an avian beak (absence of teeth and reduced maxilla) and brain shape (hyperinflated cerebrum and ventrally shifted optic lobes). The temporal fossa is well excavated and expansive, indicating that this bird had hypertrophied jaw musculature. The beak is narrow and pointed, and the mandible lacks retroarticular processes. Together, these features comprise a feeding apparatus unlike that of any other known anseriform but like that of other extant birds that capture prey underwater (for example, grebes and loons). The Cretaceous occurrence of Vegavis, with a feeding ecology unique among known Galloanserae (waterfowl and landfowl), is further indication that the earliest anseriform divergences were marked by evolutionary experiments unrepresented in the extant diversity3,11–13. A new, nearly complete fossil skull of Vegavis from the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, provides insight into its feeding ecology and exhibits morphologies that support placement among waterfowl within crown-group birds.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Torres, Christopher R. and Clarke, Julia A. and Groenke, Joseph R. and Lamanna, Matthew C. and MacPhee, Ross D. E. and Musser, Grace M. and Roberts, Eric M. and O’Connor, Patrick M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08390-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {146-151}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cretaceous antarctic bird skull elucidates early avian ecological diversity}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction. NATURE, 638(8049), 138-145. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse1 and important for livelihoods and economic development2, but are under substantial stress3. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods4,5 are used to guide environmental policy6 and conservation prioritization7, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors8–13. However, there is evidence14–17 that such data are insufficient to represent the needs of freshwater species and achieve biodiversity goals18,19. Here we present the results of a multi-taxon global freshwater fauna assessment for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species covering 23,496 decapod crustaceans, fishes and odonates, finding that one-quarter are threatened with extinction. Prevalent threats include pollution, dams and water extraction, agriculture and invasive species, with overharvesting also driving extinctions. We also examined the degree of surrogacy of both threatened tetrapods and freshwater abiotic factors (water stress and nitrogen) for threatened freshwater species. Threatened tetrapods are good surrogates when prioritizing sites to maximize rarity-weighted richness, but poorer when prioritizing based on the most range-restricted species. However, they are much better surrogates than abiotic factors, which perform worse than random. Thus, although global priority regions identified for tetrapod conservation are broadly reflective of those for freshwater faunas, given differences in key threats and habitats, meeting the needs of tetrapods cannot be assumed sufficient to conserve freshwater species at local scales. A global multi-taxon extinction risk assessment of freshwater fauna for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species finds one-quarter of species to be at high risk of extinction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sayer, Catherine A. and Fernando, Eresha and Jimenez, Randall R. and Macfarlane, Nicholas B. W. and Rapacciuolo, Giovanni and Böhm, Monika and Brooks, Thomas M. and Contreras-MacBeath, Topiltzin and Cox, Neil A. and Harrison, Ian and Hoffmann, Michael and Jenkins, Richard and Smith, Kevin G. and Vié, Jean-Christophe and Abbott, John C. and Allen, David J. and Allen, Gerald R. and Barrios, Violeta and Boudot, Jean-Pierre and Carrizo, Savrina F. and Charvet, Patricia and Clausnitzer, Viola and Congiu, Leonardo and Crandall, Keith A. and Cumberlidge, Neil and Cuttelod, Annabelle and Dalton, James and Daniels, Adam G. and De Grave, Sammy and De Knijf, Geert and Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. and Dow, Rory A. and Freyhof, Jörg and García, Nieves and Gessner, Joern and Getahun, Abebe and Gibson, Claudine and Gollock, Matthew J. and Grant, Michael I. and Groom, Alice E. R. and Hammer, Michael P. and Hammerson, Geoffrey A. and Hilton-Taylor, Craig and Hodgkinson, Laurel and Holland, Robert A. and Jabado, Rima W. and Juffe Bignoli, Diego and Kalkman, Vincent J. and Karimov, Bakhtiyor K. and Kipping, Jens and Kottelat, Maurice and Lalèyè, Philippe A. and Larson, Helen K. and Lintermans, Mark and Lozano, Federico and Ludwig, Arne and Lyons, Timothy J. and Máiz-Tomé, Laura and Molur, Sanjay and Ng, Heok Hee and Numa, Catherine and Palmer-Newton, Amy F. and Pike, Charlotte and Pippard, Helen E. and Polaz, Carla N. M. and Pollock, Caroline M. and Raghavan, Rajeev and Rand, Peter S. and Ravelomanana, Tsilavina and Reis, Roberto E. and Rigby, Cassandra L. and Scott, Janet A. and Skelton, Paul H. and Sloat, Matthew R. and Snoeks, Jos and Stiassny, Melanie L. J. and Tan, Heok Hui and Taniguchi, Yoshinori and Thorstad, Eva B. and Tognelli, Marcelo F. and Torres, Armi G. and Torres, Yan and Tweddle, Denis and Watanabe, Katsutoshi and Westrip, James R. S. and Wright, Emma G. E. and Zhang, E and Darwall, William R. T.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {138-145}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The ronne ice shelf survived the last interglacial. NATURE, 638(8049), 133-137. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS)1 is the largest cause of uncertainty in long-term sea-level projections. In the last interglacial (LIG) around 125,000 years ago, data suggest that sea level was several metres higher than today2–4, and required a significant contribution from Antarctic ice loss, with WAIS usually implicated. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean were warmer than today5–8, by amounts comparable to those expected by 2100 under moderate to high future warming scenarios. However, direct evidence about the size of WAIS in the LIG is sparse. Here we use sea salt data from an ice core from Skytrain Ice Rise, adjacent to WAIS, to show that, during most of the LIG, the Ronne Ice Shelf was still in place, and close to its current extent. Water isotope data are consistent with a retreat of WAIS9, but seem inconsistent with more dramatic model realizations10 in which both WAIS and the large Antarctic ice shelves were lost. This new constraint calls for a reappraisal of other elements of the LIG sea-level budget. It also weakens the observational basis that motivated model simulations projecting the highest end of projections for future rates of sea-level rise to 2300 and beyond. Sea salt data from an ice core record show that Antarctica’s Ronne Ice Shelf survived the last interglacial, the last period of enhanced and sustained global warmth about 125,000 years ago.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wolff, Eric W. and Mulvaney, Robert and Grieman, Mackenzie M. and Hoffmann, Helene M. and Humby, Jack and Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph and Rhodes, Rachael H. and Rowell, Isobel F. and Sime, Louise C. and Fischer, Hubertus and Stocker, Thomas F. and Landais, Amaelle and Parrenin, Frédéric and Steig, Eric J. and Dütsch, Marina and Golledge, Nicholas R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08394-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {133-137}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The ronne ice shelf survived the last interglacial}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Copper-dependent halogenase catalyses unactivated C−H bond functionalization. NATURE, 638(8049), 126-132. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds are the foundation of essentially every organic molecule, making them an ideal place to do chemical synthesis. The key challenge is achieving selectivity for one particular C(sp3)−H bond1–3. In recent years, metalloenzymes have been found to perform C(sp3)−H bond functionalization4,5. Despite substantial progresses in the past two decades6,7, enzymatic halogenation and pseudohalogenation of unactivated C(sp3)−H—providing a functional handle for further modification—have been achieved with only non-haem iron/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases, and are therefore limited by the chemistry possible with these enzymes8. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a previously unknown halogenase ApnU, part of a protein family containing domain of unknown function 3328 (DUF3328). ApnU uses copper in its active site to catalyse iterative chlorinations on multiple unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds. By taking advantage of the softer copper centre, we demonstrate that ApnU can catalyse unprecedented enzymatic C(sp3)−H bond functionalization such as iodination and thiocyanation. Using biochemical characterization and proteomics analysis, we identified the functional oligomeric state of ApnU as a covalently linked homodimer, which contains three essential pairs—one interchain and two intrachain—of disulfide bonds. The metal-coordination active site in ApnU consists of binuclear type II copper centres, as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This discovery expands the enzymatic capability of C(sp3)−H halogenases and provides a foundational understanding of this family of binuclear copper-dependent oxidative enzymes. A halogenase enzyme uses the copper in its active site to catalyse iterative chlorinations on multiple unactivated carbon−hydrogen bonds, enabling carbon−hydrogen functionalization that is not achievable with an iron-based halogenase.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chiang, Chen-Yu and Ohashi, Masao and Le, Jessie and Chen, Pan-Pan and Zhou, Qingyang and Qu, Songrong and Bat-Erdene, Undramaa and Hematian, Shabnam and Rodriguez, Jose A. and Houk, K. N. and Guo, Yisong and Loo, Joseph A. and Tang, Yi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08362-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {126-132}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Copper-dependent halogenase catalyses unactivated C−H bond functionalization}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Degradable thermosets via orthogonal polymerizations of a single monomer. NATURE, 638(8049), 120-125. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Crosslinked thermosets are highly durable materials, but overcoming their petrochemical origins and inability to be recycled poses a grand challenge1–3. Many strategies to access crosslinked polymers that are bioderived or degradable-by-design have been proposed, but they require several resource-intensive synthesis and purification steps and are not yet feasible alternatives to conventional consumer materials4–8. Here we present a modular, one-pot synthesis of degradable thermosets from the commercially available, biosourced monomer 2,3-dihydrofuran (DHF)9. In the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and photoacid generator, DHF undergoes slow ring-opening metathesis polymerization to give a soft polymer; then, exposure to light triggers strong acid generation and promotes the cationic polymerization of the same DHF monomer to spatially crosslink and strengthen the material10–12. By manipulating catalyst loading and light exposure, we can access materials with physical properties spanning orders of magnitude and achieve spatially resolved material domains. Importantly, the DHF-based thermosets undergo stimuli-selective degradation and can be recycled to the monomer under mild heating. The use of two distinct polymerization mechanisms on a single functional group allows the synthesis of degradable and recyclable thermoset materials with precisely controlled properties. Degradable thermoset multimaterials can be synthesized from a commercially accessible, biosourced monomer using orthogonal polymerizations in a single pot; after selective degredation, the resulting small molecules can be repolymerized.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dreiling, Reagan J. and Huynh, Kathleen and Fors, Brett P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08386-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {120-125}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Degradable thermosets via orthogonal polymerizations of a single monomer}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emergence of collective oscillations in massive human crowds. NATURE, 638(8049), 112-119. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Dense crowds form some of the most dangerous environments in modern society1. Dangers arise from uncontrolled collective motions, leading to compression against walls, suffocation and fatalities2–4. Our current understanding of crowd dynamics primarily relies on heuristic collision models, which effectively capture the behaviour observed in small groups of people5,6. However, the emergent dynamics of dense crowds, composed of thousands of individuals, remains a formidable many-body problem lacking quantitative experimental characterization and explanations rooted in first principles. Here we analyse the dynamics of thousands of densely packed individuals at the San Fermín festival (Spain) and infer a physical theory of dense crowds in confinement. Our measurements reveal that dense crowds can self-organize into macroscopic chiral oscillators, coordinating the orbital motion of hundreds of individuals without external guidance. Guided by these measurements and symmetry principles, we construct a mechanical model of dense-crowd motion. Our model demonstrates that emergent odd frictional forces drive a non-reciprocal phase transition7 towards collective chiral oscillations, capturing all our experimental observations. To test the robustness of our findings, we show that similar chiral dynamics emerged at the onset of the 2010 Love Parade disaster and propose a protocol that could help anticipate these previously unpredictable dynamics. Analysis of the confined crowds at the San Fermín festival in Spain shows that dense crowds can self-organize into macroscopic chiral oscillators, coordinating the orbital motion of hundreds of individuals without external guidance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gu, François and Guiselin, Benjamin and Bain, Nicolas and Zuriguel, Iker and Bartolo, Denis}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08514-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {112-119}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emergence of collective oscillations in massive human crowds}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Signatures of longitudinal spin pumping in a magnetic phase transition. NATURE, 638(8049), 106-111. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A particle current generated by pumping in the absence of gradients in potential energy, density or temperature1 is associated with non-trivial dynamics. A representative example is charge pumping that is associated with the quantum Hall effect2 and the quantum anomalous Hall effect3. Spin pumping, the spin equivalent of charge pumping, refers to the emission of a spin current by magnetization dynamics4–7. Previous studies have focused solely on transversal spin pumping arising from classical dynamics, which corresponds to precessing atomic moments with constant magnitude. However, longitudinal spin pumping arising from quantum fluctuations, which correspond to a temporal change in the atomic moment’s magnitude, remains unexplored. Here we experimentally investigate longitudinal spin pumping using iron–rhodium (FeRh), which undergoes a first-order antiferromagnet-to-ferromagnet phase transition during which the atomic moment’s magnitude varies over time. By injecting a charge current into a FeRh/platinum bilayer, we induce a rapid phase transition of FeRh in nanoseconds, leading to the emission of a spin current to the platinum layer. The observed inverse spin Hall signal is about one order of magnitude larger than expected for transversal spin pumping, suggesting the presence of longitudinal spin pumping driven by quantum fluctuations and indicating its superiority over classical transversal spin pumping. Our result highlights the significance of quantum fluctuations in spin pumping and holds broad applicability in diverse angular momentum dynamics, such as laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization8, orbital pumping9,10 and quantum spin transfer11–13. Longitudinal spin pumping is experimentally demonstrated using the magnetic phase transition of iron–rhodium, and the observed inverse spin Hall signal indicates that longitudinal spin pumping is driven by quantum fluctuations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Taekhyeon and Park, Min Tae and Ko, Hye-Won and Oh, Jung Hyun and Ko, San and Hwang, Seongmun and Jang, Jae Gwang and Baek, Geon-Woo and Kim, Se Kwon and Lee, Hyun-Woo and Jung, Myung-Hwa and Kim, Kab-Jin and Lee, Kyung-Jin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08367-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {106-111}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Signatures of longitudinal spin pumping in a magnetic phase transition}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superfluid stiffness of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. NATURE, 638(8049), 99-105. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The physics of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) is a topic of keen interest in moiré systems research, and it may provide an insight into the pairing mechanism of other strongly correlated materials such as high-critical-temperature superconductors. Here we use d.c. transport and microwave circuit quantum electrodynamics to directly measure the superfluid stiffness of superconducting MATBG through its kinetic inductance. We find the superfluid stiffness to be much larger than expected from conventional Fermi liquid theory. Rather, it is comparable to theoretical predictions1 and recent experimental indications2 of quantum geometric effects that are dominant at the magic angle. The temperature dependence of the superfluid stiffness follows a power law, which contraindicates an isotropic Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) model. Instead, the extracted power-law exponents indicate an anisotropic superconducting gap, whether interpreted in the Fermi liquid framework or by considering the quantum geometry of flat-band superconductivity. Moreover, a quadratic dependence of the superfluid stiffness on both d.c. and microwave current is observed, which is consistent with the Ginzburg–Landau theory. Taken together, our findings show that MATBG is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap and strongly suggest a connection between quantum geometry, superfluid stiffness and unconventional superconductivity in MATBG. The combined d.c.–microwave measurement platform used here is applicable to the investigation of other atomically thin superconductors. Research on superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals unconventional behaviour, an anisotropic gap and a significant role of quantum geometry, using combined d.c. transport and microwave measurements, suggesting new insights into superconductivity mechanisms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tanaka, Miuko and Wang, Joel Î-j. and Dinh, Thao H. and Rodan-Legrain, Daniel and Zaman, Sameia and Hays, Max and Almanakly, Aziza and Kannan, Bharath and Kim, David K. and Niedzielski, Bethany M. and Serniak, Kyle and Schwartz, Mollie E. and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Orlando, Terry P. and Gustavsson, Simon and Grover, Jeffrey A. and Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo and Oliver, William D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08494-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {99-105}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superfluid stiffness of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superfluid stiffness of twisted trilayer graphene superconductors. NATURE, 638(8049), 93-98. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The robustness of the macroscopic quantum nature of a superconductor can be characterized by the superfluid stiffness, ρs, a quantity that describes the energy required to vary the phase of the macroscopic quantum wavefunction. In unconventional superconductors, such as cuprates, the low-temperature behaviour of ρs markedly differs from that of conventional superconductors owing to quasiparticle excitations from gapless points (nodes) in momentum space. Intensive research on the recently discovered magic-angle twisted graphene family has revealed, in addition to superconducting states, strongly correlated electronic states associated with spontaneously broken symmetries, inviting the study of ρs to uncover the potentially unconventional nature of its superconductivity. Here we report the measurement of ρs in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (TTG), revealing unconventional nodal-gap superconductivity. Utilizing radio-frequency reflectometry techniques to measure the kinetic inductive response of superconducting TTG coupled to a microwave resonator, we find a linear temperature dependence of ρs at low temperatures and nonlinear Meissner effects in the current-bias dependence, both indicating nodal structures in the superconducting order parameter. Furthermore, the doping dependence shows a linear correlation between the zero-temperature ρs and the superconducting transition temperature Tc, reminiscent of Uemura’s relation in cuprates, suggesting phase-coherence-limited superconductivity. Our results provide strong evidence for nodal superconductivity in TTG and put strong constraints on the mechanisms of these graphene-based superconductors. Measurements of the superfluid stiffness in twisted trilayer graphene reveal unconventional nodal-gap superconductivity, where the superconducting transition is controlled by phase fluctuations rather than Cooper-pair breaking.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Banerjee, Abhishek and Hao, Zeyu and Kreidel, Mary and Ledwith, Patrick and Phinney, Isabelle and Park, Jeong Min and Zimmerman, Andrew and Wesson, Marie E. and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Westervelt, Robert M. and Yacoby, Amir and Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo and Volkov, Pavel A. and Vishwanath, Ashvin and Fong, Kin Chung and Kim, Philip}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08444-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {93-98}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superfluid stiffness of twisted trilayer graphene superconductors}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum coarsening and collective dynamics on a programmable simulator. NATURE, 638(8049), 86-92. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the collective quantum dynamics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum science. In particular, dynamics driven by quantum fluctuations are important for the formation of exotic quantum phases of matter1, fundamental high-energy processes2, quantum metrology3,4 and quantum algorithms5. Here we use a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays to experimentally study collective dynamics across a (2+1)-dimensional Ising quantum phase transition. After crossing the quantum critical point, we observe a gradual growth of correlations through coarsening of antiferromagnetically ordered domains6. By deterministically preparing and following the evolution of ordered domains, we show that the coarsening is driven by the curvature of domain boundaries, and find that the dynamics accelerate with proximity to the quantum critical point. We quantitatively explore these phenomena and further observe long-lived oscillations of the order parameter, corresponding to an amplitude (‘Higgs’) mode7. These observations offer a viewpoint into emergent collective dynamics in strongly correlated quantum systems and non-equilibrium quantum processes. A programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays is used to study the collective dynamics of a quantum phase transition and observe the phenomenon of quantum coarsening.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Manovitz, Tom and Li, Sophie H. and Ebadi, Sepehr and Samajdar, Rhine and Geim, Alexandra A. and Evered, Simon J. and Bluvstein, Dolev and Zhou, Hengyun and Koyluoglu, Nazli Ugur and Feldmeier, Johannes and Dolgirev, Pavel E. and Maskara, Nishad and Kalinowski, Marcin and Sachdev, Subir and Huse, David A. and Greiner, Markus and Vuletić, Vladan and Lukin, Mikhail D.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08353-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {86-92}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum coarsening and collective dynamics on a programmable simulator}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Thermalization and criticality on an analogue–digital quantum simulator. NATURE, 638(8049), 79-85. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators1,2. Unlocking the full potential of such systems towards this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution and extensive probes for final state characterization. Here we present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits that supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analogue evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. This hybrid platform features more versatile measurement capabilities compared with analogue-only simulators, which we leverage here to reveal a coarsening-induced breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions3 in the XY model, as well as signatures of the classical Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition4. Moreover, the digital gates enable precise energy control, allowing us to study the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis5–7 in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. We also demonstrate digital preparation of pairwise-entangled dimer states, and image the transport of energy and vorticity during subsequent thermalization in analogue evolution. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analogue–digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics. A hybrid analogue–digital quantum simulator is used to demonstrate beyond-classical performance in benchmarking experiments and to study thermalization phenomena in an XY quantum magnet, including the breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions and signatures of the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Andersen, T. I. and Astrakhantsev, N. and Karamlou, A. H. and Berndtsson, J. and Motruk, J. and Szasz, A. and Gross, J. A. and Schuckert, A. and Westerhout, T. and Zhang, Y. and Forati, E. and Rossi, D. and Kobrin, B. and Paolo, A. Di and Klots, A. R. and Drozdov, I. and Kurilovich, V. and Petukhov, A. and Ioffe, L. B. and Elben, A. and Rath, A. and Vitale, V. and Vermersch, B. and Acharya, R. and Beni, L. A. and Anderson, K. and Ansmann, M. and Arute, F. and Arya, K. and Asfaw, A. and Atalaya, J. and Ballard, B. and Bardin, J. C. and Bengtsson, A. and Bilmes, A. and Bortoli, G. and Bourassa, A. and Bovaird, J. and Brill, L. and Broughton, M. and Browne, D. A. and Buchea, B. and Buckley, B. B. and Buell, D. A. and Burger, T. and Burkett, B. and Bushnell, N. and Cabrera, A. and Campero, J. and Chang, H.-S. and Chen, Z. and Chiaro, B. and Claes, J. and Cleland, A. Y. and Cogan, J. and Collins, R. and Conner, P. and Courtney, W. and Crook, A. L. and Das, S. and Debroy, D. M. and Lorenzo, L. De and Barba, A. Del Toro and Demura, S. and Donohoe, P. and Dunsworth, A. and Earle, C. and Eickbusch, A. and Elbag, A. M. and Elzouka, M. and Erickson, C. and Faoro, L. and Fatemi, R. and Ferreira, V. S. and Burgos, L. Flores and Fowler, A. G. and Foxen, B. and Ganjam, S. and Gasca, R. and Giang, W. and Gidney, C. and Gilboa, D. and Giustina, M. and Gosula, R. and Dau, A. Grajales and Graumann, D. and Greene, A. and Habegger, S. and Hamilton, M. C. and Hansen, M. and Harrigan, M. P. and Harrington, S. D. and Heslin, S. and Heu, P. and Hill, G. and Hoffmann, M. R. and Huang, H.-Y. and Huang, T. and Huff, A. and Huggins, W. J. and Isakov, S. V. and Jeffrey, E. and Jiang, Z. and Jones, C. and Jordan, S. and Joshi, C. and Juhas, P. and Kafri, D. and Kang, H. and Kechedzhi, K. and Khaire, T. and Khattar, T. and Khezri, M. and Kieferová, M. and Kim, S. and Kitaev, A. and Klimov, P. and Korotkov, A. N. and Kostritsa, F. and Kreikebaum, J. M. and Landhuis, D. and Langley, B. W. and Laptev, P. and Lau, K.-M. and Guevel, L. Le and Ledford, J. and Lee, J. and Lee, K. W. and Lensky, Y. D. and Lester, B. J. and Li, W. Y. and Lill, A. T. and Liu, W. and Livingston, W. P. and Locharla, A. and Lundahl, D. and Lunt, A. and Madhuk, S. and Maloney, A. and Mandrà, S. and Martin, L. S. and Martin, O. and Martin, S. and Maxfield, C. and McClean, J. R. and McEwen, M. and Meeks, S. and Miao, K. C. and Mieszala, A. and Molina, S. and Montazeri, S. and Morvan, A. and Movassagh, R. and Neill, C. and Nersisyan, A. and Newman, M. and Nguyen, A. and Nguyen, M. and Ni, C.-H. and Niu, M. Y. and Oliver, W. D. and Ottosson, K. and Pizzuto, A. and Potter, R. and Pritchard, O. and Pryadko, L. P. and Quintana, C. and Reagor, M. J. and Rhodes, D. M. and Roberts, G. and Rocque, C. and Rosenberg, E. and Rubin, N. C. and Saei, N. and Sankaragomathi, K. and Satzinger, K. J. and Schurkus, H. F. and Schuster, C. and Shearn, M. J. and Shorter, A. and Shutty, N. and Shvarts, V. and Sivak, V. and Skruzny, J. and Small, S. and Smith, W. Clarke and Springer, S. and Sterling, G. and Suchard, J. and Szalay, M. and Sztein, A. and Thor, D. and Torres, A. and Torunbalci, M. M. and Vaishnav, A. and Vdovichev, S. and Villalonga, B. and Heidweiller, C. Vollgraff and Waltman, S. and Wang, S. X. and White, T. and Wong, K. and Woo, B. W. K. and Xing, C. and Yao, Z. Jamie and Yeh, P. and Ying, B. and Yoo, J. and Yosri, N. and Young, G. and Zalcman, A. and Zhu, N. and Zobrist, N. and Neven, H. and Babbush, R. and Boixo, S. and Hilton, J. and Lucero, E. and Megrant, A. and Kelly, J. and Chen, Y. and Smelyanskiy, V. and Vidal, G. and Roushan, P. and Läuchli, A. M. and Abanin, D. A. and Mi, X.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08460-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {79-85}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Thermalization and criticality on an analogue–digital quantum simulator}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). JWST sighting of decametre main-belt asteroids and view on meteorite sources. NATURE, 638(8049), 74-78. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Asteroid discoveries are essential for planetary-defence efforts aiming to prevent impacts with Earth1, including the more frequent2 megaton explosions from decametre impactors3–6. Although large asteroids (≥100 kilometres) have remained in the main belt since their formation7, small asteroids are commonly transported to the near-Earth object (NEO) population8,9. However, owing to the lack of direct observational constraints, their size–frequency distribution (SFD)—which informs our understanding of the NEOs and the delivery of meteorite samples to Earth—varies substantially among models10–14. Here we report 138 detections of some of the smallest asteroids (≳10 metres) ever observed in the main belt, which were enabled by JWST’s infrared capabilities covering the emission peaks of the asteroids15 and synthetic tracking techniques16–18. Despite small orbital arcs, we constrain the distances and phase angles of the objects using known asteroids as proxies, allowing us to derive sizes through radiometric techniques. Their SFD shows a break at about 100 metres (debiased cumulative slopes of q = −2.66 ± 0.60 and −0.97 ± 0.14 for diameters smaller and larger than roughly 100 metres, respectively), suggestive of a population driven by collisional cascade. These asteroids were sampled from several asteroid families—most probably Nysa, Polana and Massalia—according to the geometry of pointings considered here. Through further long-stare infrared observations, JWST is poised to serendipitously detect thousands of decametre-scale asteroids across the sky, examining individual asteroid families19 and the source regions of meteorites13,14 ‘in situ’. Combining the infrared capabilities of JWST and synthetic tracking techniques, the detection of some of the smallest asteroids ever observed in the main belt is reported; their large abundance reveals a population driven by collisional cascade.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Burdanov, Artem Y. and de Wit, Julien and Brož, Miroslav and Müller, Thomas G. and Hoffmann, Tobias and Ferrais, Marin and Micheli, Marco and Jehin, Emmanuel and Parrott, Daniel and Hasler, Samantha N. and Binzel, Richard P. and Ducrot, Elsa and Kreidberg, Laura and Gillon, Michaël and Greene, Thomas P. and Grundy, Will M. and Kareta, Theodore and Lagage, Pierre-Olivier and Moskovitz, Nicholas and Thirouin, Audrey and Thomas, Cristina A. and Zieba, Sebastian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08480-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {74-78}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {JWST sighting of decametre main-belt asteroids and view on meteorite sources}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Io’s tidal response precludes a shallow magma ocean. NATURE, 638(8049), 69-73. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Io experiences tidal deformation as a result of its eccentric orbit around Jupiter, which provides a primary energy source for Io’s continuing volcanic activity and infrared emission1. The amount of tidal energy dissipated within Io is enormous and has been suggested to support the large-scale melting of its interior and the formation of a global subsurface magma ocean. If Io has a shallow global magma ocean, its tidal deformation would be much larger than in the case of a more rigid, mostly solid interior2. Here we report the measurement of Io’s tidal deformation, quantified by the gravitational tidal Love number k2, enabled by two recent flybys of the Juno spacecraft. By combining Juno3,4 and Galileo5–7 Doppler data from the NASA Deep Space Network and astrometric observations, we recover Re(k2) of 0.125 ± 0.047 (1σ) and the tidal dissipation parameter Q of 11.4 ± 3.6 (1σ). These measurements confirm that a shallow global magma ocean in Io does not exist and are consistent with Io having a mostly solid mantle2. Our results indicate that tidal forces do not universally create global magma oceans, which may be prevented from forming owing to rapid melt ascent, intrusion and eruption8,9, so even strong tidal heating—such as that expected on several known exoplanets and super-Earths10—may not guarantee the formation of magma oceans on moons or planetary bodies. By measuring the tidal deformation of Io as it orbits Jupiter using Juno Doppler and historically available data, the hypothesis of a shallow global magma ocean in Io is shown to be false.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Park, R. S. and Jacobson, R. A. and Gomez Casajus, L. and Nimmo, F. and Ermakov, A. I. and Keane, J. T. and McKinnon, W. B. and Stevenson, D. J. and Akiba, R. and Idini, B. and Buccino, D. R. and Magnanini, A. and Parisi, M. and Tortora, P. and Zannoni, M. and Mura, A. and Durante, D. and Iess, L. and Connerney, J. E. P. and Levin, S. M. and Bolton, S. J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08442-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {69-73}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Io’s tidal response precludes a shallow magma ocean}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two-eyed seeing and other indigenous perspectives for neuroscience. NATURE, 638(8049), 58-68. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The integration of Indigenous perspectives and knowledge with biomedical approaches in neurosciences can significantly broaden the understanding of the human brain and mind. Drawing upon the writings of Elders in Canada, we refer to this integration as Two-Eyed Seeing or Etuaptmumk. We discuss how Two-Eyed Seeing and other dual perspectives can bring both breadth of knowledge and humility to the development of research and clinical practices for brain health. In this forward-looking discussion, we include both traditional academic and non-academic traditions and the work of Indigenous scholars on methodologies, life, health, culture, language and history. To describe challenges and consider solutions, we offer broad strategies for allyship, humility and universalism and situate them in four specific examples pertaining to disability, suicide, migration and the environment. We further advance the power of Two-Eyed Seeing in the context of new considerations for communication and public engagement. Two-Eyed Seeing, per se, is only one approach, but as neuroscience becomes ever more global, inclusive and ethically proactive, it must universally see the world of brain and mental health through the eyes of both reductionism and holism. Combining Indigenous insights with neuroscience methods through Two-Eyed Seeing can broaden the understanding of brain function and mental wellbeing by merging reductionist and holistic perspectives across various domains, while promoting allyship, humility and inclusive communication.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Illes, J. and Perreault, M. L. and Bassil, K. and Bjaalie, J. G. and Taylor-Bragge, R. L. and Chneiweiss, H. and Gregory, T. R. and Kumar, B. N. and Matshabane, O. P. and Svalastog, A. L. and Velarde, M. R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08437-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {58-68}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two-eyed seeing and other indigenous perspectives for neuroscience}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fungal impacts on earth’s ecosystems. NATURE, 638(8049), 49-57. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Over the past billion years, the fungal kingdom has diversified to more than two million species, with over 95% still undescribed. Beyond the well-known macroscopic mushrooms and microscopic yeast, fungi are heterotrophs that feed on almost any organic carbon, recycling nutrients through the decay of dead plants and animals and sequestering carbon into Earth’s ecosystems. Human-directed applications of fungi extend from leavened bread, alcoholic beverages and biofuels to pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics and psychoactive compounds. Conversely, fungal infections pose risks to ecosystems ranging from crops to wildlife to humans; these risks are driven, in part, by human and animal movement, and might be accelerating with climate change. Genomic surveys are expanding our knowledge of the true biodiversity of the fungal kingdom, and genome-editing tools make it possible to imagine harnessing these organisms to fuel the bioeconomy. Here, we examine the fungal threats facing civilization and investigate opportunities to use fungi to combat these threats. This Review delves into the fungal kingdom, exploring the relationships among fungi, animals, plants and the environment, and investigating both the threats posed by fungi and their potential benefits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Case, Nicola T. and Gurr, Sarah J. and Fisher, Matthew C. and Blehert, David S. and Boone, Charles and Casadevall, Arturo and Chowdhary, Anuradha and Cuomo, Christina A. and Currie, Cameron R. and Denning, David W. and Ene, Iuliana V. and Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K. and Gerstein, Aleeza C. and Gow, Neil A. R. and Gusa, Asiya and Iliev, Iliyan D. and James, Timothy Y. and Jin, Hailing and Kahmann, Regine and Klein, Bruce S. and Kronstad, James W. and Ost, Kyla S. and Peay, Kabir G. and Shapiro, Rebecca S. and Sheppard, Donald C. and Shlezinger, Neta and Stajich, Jason E. and Stukenbrock, Eva H. and Taylor, John W. and Wright, Gerard D. and Cowen, Leah E. and Heitman, Joseph and Segre, Julia A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08419-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {49-57}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fungal impacts on earth’s ecosystems}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A scalable system using mini-organs to test personalized RNA therapy. NATURE, 638(8049), 47-48. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A rapid and efficient method developed to create stem-cell-based 3D mini-organs derived from the cells of patients offers a way to evaluate personalized treatments using RNA therapies for rare genetic diseases. Platform to accelerate the testing of antisense oligonucleotides.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Buijsen, Ronald A. M.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00078-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {47-48}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A scalable system using mini-organs to test personalized RNA therapy}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). X chromosome passed from mother to daughter influences brain ageing. NATURE, 638(8049), 45-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Older female mice show poor spatial memory when their paternal X chromosome is inactive and only the maternal copy is active. This phenomenon could be responsible for variation in age-related cognitive decline among women. X-chromosome inactivation affects age-related decline in spatial memory.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Snell, Daniel M. and Turner, James M. A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00079-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {45-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {X chromosome passed from mother to daughter influences brain ageing}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Unconventional’ superconductivity probed in twisted graphene. NATURE, 638(8049), 44-45. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A superconducting state can be induced in a twisted carbon-based material, but it can’t be described with conventional theory. A technique using high-frequency circuits could reveal the mechanism behind this fascinating state. High-frequency measurements of kinetic inductance in twisted graphene.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Karnatak, Paritosh and Schönenberger, Christian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00057-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {44-45}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Unconventional’ superconductivity probed in twisted graphene}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mitochondrial swap from cancer to immune cells thwarts anti-tumour defences. NATURE, 638(8049), 42-43. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Immune cells can destroy cancer, but tumours often evade such responses. The bidirectional transfer of mitochondria between cancer and immune cells is a newly discovered mechanism that thwarts anticancer defences. Bidirectional transfer of mitochondria between cancer and immune cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brestoff, Jonathan R.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00077-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {42-43}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mitochondrial swap from cancer to immune cells thwarts anti-tumour defences}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Crowds start to spin when their densities hit a threshold. NATURE, 638(8049), 41-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Overcrowding can lead to disaster, and yet the dynamics of dense groups of people are poorly understood. Analysis of a festival uncovers collective rotational movements that emerge at critical densities, which could be universal. Video footage of people at a festival reveals collective rotations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tordeux, Antoine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00036-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {41-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Crowds start to spin when their densities hit a threshold}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The world must move forwards with plastics treaty. NATURE, 638(8049), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Chengjun and Zhong, Huan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00351-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The world must move forwards with plastics treaty}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Guerilla rewilding undermines evidence-based conservation. NATURE, 638(8049), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sutherland, Chris and Lambin, Xavier and Hare, Darragh and Kortland, Kenny}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00352-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Guerilla rewilding undermines evidence-based conservation}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Net-zero emissions commitments are more threatened than ever. NATURE, 638(8049), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pereira, Cássio Cardoso}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00353-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Net-zero emissions commitments are more threatened than ever}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Report both positive and negative effects of gene changes on crops. NATURE, 638(8049), 39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meng, Shujun and Zhang, Guan and Wu, Qingyu}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00354-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Report both positive and negative effects of gene changes on crops}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can you ever experience true silence? intimate exhibition offers insight. NATURE, 638(8049), 36-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An immersive show in Paris leaves you humbled by the awesome power of quiet. An immersive show in Paris leaves you humbled by the awesome power of quiet.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Spinney, Laura}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00297-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {36-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can you ever experience true silence? intimate exhibition offers insight}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NASA’s ‘most prolific planet hunter so far’ — The story of the kepler space telescope. NATURE, 638(8049), 34-36. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ingenuity and decades of planning enabled the mission’s success. Ingenuity and decades of planning enabled the mission’s success.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tasker, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00295-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {34-36}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NASA’s ‘most prolific planet hunter so far’ — The story of the kepler space telescope}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why even physicists still don’t understand quantum theory 100 years on. NATURE, 638(8049), 31-34. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum mechanics depicts a counter-intuitive reality in which the act of observation influences what is observed — and few can agree on what that means. Quantum mechanics depicts a counter-intuitive reality in which the act of observation influences what is observed — and few can agree on what that means.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Carroll, Sean}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00296-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {31-34}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why even physicists still don’t understand quantum theory 100 years on}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Taung child’ fossil offers clues about the evolution of childhood. NATURE, 638(8049), 29-31. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A fossil found in South Africa 100 years ago provides insights into the emergence of a crucial — and unusual — life stage. A fossil found in South Africa 100 years ago provides insights into the emergence of a crucial — and unusual — life stage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Falk, Dean}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00294-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {29-31}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Taung child’ fossil offers clues about the evolution of childhood}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Are the internet and AI affecting our memory? what the science says. NATURE, 638(8049), 26-28. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Search engines, GPS maps and other tech can alter our ability to learn and remember. Now scientists are working out what AI might do. Search engines, GPS maps and other tech can alter our ability to learn and remember. Now scientists are working out what AI might do.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pearson, Helen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00292-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {26-28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Are the internet and AI affecting our memory? what the science says}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Can this revolutionary plastics-recycling plant help solve the pollution crisis?. NATURE, 638(8049), 22-25. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A world-first facility has a new way to break down ‘unrecyclable’ plastic waste. A world-first facility has a new way to break down ‘unrecyclable’ plastic waste.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peplow, Mark}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00293-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {22-25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Can this revolutionary plastics-recycling plant help solve the pollution crisis?}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Despair is not an option’ — How scientists can help protect federal research. NATURE, 638(8049), 9. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Government scientists in the US must be clear-eyed and continue to serve the public. Government scientists in the US must be clear-eyed and continue to serve the public.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Goldman, Gretchen T.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00290-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Despair is not an option’ — How scientists can help protect federal research}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the world health organization can thrive without the united states. NATURE, 638(8049), 8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {If the 193 remaining member nations want the WHO to succeed, they must find a way to pay for it. If the 193 remaining member nations want the WHO to succeed, they must find a way to pay for it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00283-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the world health organization can thrive without the united states}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Out of africa: Celebrating 100 years of human-origins research. NATURE, 638(8049), 7-8. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A landmark study reporting the discovery of Australopithecus africanus one century ago put the African continent at the centre of the story of humanity. A landmark study reporting the discovery of Australopithecus africanus one century ago put the African continent at the centre of the story of humanity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00282-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {2}, number = {8049}, pages = {7-8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Out of africa: Celebrating 100 years of human-origins research}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). James fraser stoddart obituary: Chemist and nanotechnology pioneer who built molecular machines. NATURE, 638(8049), 38. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An early love of construction toys led the Scottish chemist to thread molecules together, opening up a new field of chemistry. An early love of construction toys led the Scottish chemist to thread molecules together, opening up a new field of chemistry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leigh, David A.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00221-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {38}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {James fraser stoddart obituary: Chemist and nanotechnology pioneer who built molecular machines}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Microplastics block blood flow in the brain, mouse study reveals. NATURE, 638(8049), 20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Real-time imaging shows how plastic-stuffed cells form clumps that affect mouse movement. Real-time imaging shows how plastic-stuffed cells form clumps that affect mouse movement.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00178-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Microplastics block blood flow in the brain, mouse study reveals}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Four lessons COVID taught us about the immune system. NATURE, 638(8049), 19-20. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amid pandemic upheaval, researchers have gained fundamental insights about how the body fends off infections. In the midst of pandemic upheaval, researchers have gained fundamental insights about how the body fends off infections.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ledford, Heidi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00128-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {19-20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Four lessons COVID taught us about the immune system}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Breakthrough’ stem-cell patches strengthened a woman’s failing heart. NATURE, 638(8049), 18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Grafting patches of lab-grown muscle to the surface of the heart could offer a lifeline for people waiting for a transplant. Grafting patches of lab-grown muscle to the surface of the heart could offer a lifeline for people waiting for a transplant.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Naddaf, Miryam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00273-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Breakthrough’ stem-cell patches strengthened a woman’s failing heart}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extreme heat will kill millions of people in europe without rapid action. NATURE, 638(8049), 17-18. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Climate models predict that the number of heat-related deaths could soar in cities over the coming century, even when efforts are made to keep people safe. Climate models predict that the number of heat-related deaths could soar in cities over the coming century, even when efforts are made to keep people safe.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basilio, Humberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00239-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {17-18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extreme heat will kill millions of people in europe without rapid action}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Will bird flu spark a human pandemic? scientists say the risk is rising. NATURE, 638(8049), 16-17. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {H5N1 is adapting to new mammalian hosts, raising the possibility of the virus spreading between humans. H5N1 is adapting to new mammalian hosts, raising the possibility of the virus spreading between humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00245-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {16-17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Will bird flu spark a human pandemic? scientists say the risk is rising}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What went wrong at 23andMe? why the genetic-data giant risks collapse. NATURE, 638(8049), 14-15. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {At-home DNA testing is no longer in high demand — and critics have raised concerns about unreliable tests and privacy. At-home DNA testing is no longer in high demand — and critics have raised concerns about unreliable tests and privacy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kwon, Diana}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00118-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {14-15}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What went wrong at 23andMe? why the genetic-data giant risks collapse}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). China’s cheap, open AI model DeepSeek thrills scientists. NATURE, 638(8049), 13-14. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {DeepSeek-R1 performs reasoning tasks at the same level as OpenAI’s o1 — and is open for researchers to examine. DeepSeek-R1 performs reasoning tasks at the same level as OpenAI’s o1 — and is open for researchers to examine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gibney, Elizabeth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00229-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {13-14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {China’s cheap, open AI model DeepSeek thrills scientists}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who’s the new furry neighbour? it might be a wolverine. NATURE, 638(8049), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The large carnivores are spreading out of remote mountains and into areas settled by humans. The large carnivores are spreading out of remote mountains and into areas settled by humans.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00234-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who’s the new furry neighbour? it might be a wolverine}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What lies beneath europa’s icy surface? perhaps a heart of metal. NATURE, 638(8049), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {One of Jupiter’s biggest moons has the potential to harbour life in a subsurface sea. The nature of its core will provide information about that ocean. One of Jupiter’s biggest moons has the potential to harbour life in a subsurface sea. The nature of its core will provide information about that ocean.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00235-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What lies beneath europa’s icy surface? perhaps a heart of metal}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Even at one month, a baby’s brain shows an aptitude for smell. NATURE, 638(8049), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Brain regions linked to the sense of smell in adults were activated in infants exposed to the odours of petrol, strawberry and more. Brain regions linked to the sense of smell in adults were activated in infants exposed to the odours of petrol, strawberry and more.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00236-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Even at one month, a baby’s brain shows an aptitude for smell}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a wobbly arrow can achieve superpropulsion. NATURE, 638(8049), 11. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A flexible dart with a weighted tip can have 60% more kinetic energy than a rigid one, experiments show. A flexible dart with a weighted tip can have 60% more kinetic energy than a rigid one, experiments show.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00198-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8049}, pages = {11}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a wobbly arrow can achieve superpropulsion}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Evolution of immune genes is associated with the black death. NATURE, 637(8048), E30. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Klunk, Jennifer and Vilgalys, Tauras P. and Demeure, Christian E. and Cheng, Xiaoheng and Shiratori, Mari and Madej, Julien and Beau, Rémi and Elli, Derek and Patino, Maria I. and Redfern, Rebecca and DeWitte, Sharon N. and Gamble, Julia A. and Boldsen, Jesper L. and Carmichael, Ann and Varlik, Nükhet and Eaton, Katherine and Grenier, Jean-Christophe and Golding, G. Brian and Devault, Alison and Rouillard, Jean-Marie and Yotova, Vania and Sindeaux, Renata and Ye, Chun Jimmie and Bikaran, Matin and Dumaine, Anne and Brinkworth, Jessica F. and Missiakas, Dominique and Rouleau, Guy A. and Steinrücken, Matthias and Pizarro-Cerdá, Javier and Poinar, Hendrik N. and Barreiro, Luis B.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08522-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {E30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Evolution of immune genes is associated with the black death}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: An endosomal tether undergoes an entropic collapse to bring vesicles together. NATURE, 637(8048), E29. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Murray, David H. and Jahnel, Marcus and Lauer, Janelle and Avellaneda, Mario J. and Brouilly, Nicolas and Cezanne, Alice and Morales-Navarrete, Hernán and Perini, Enrico D. and Ferguson, Charles and Lupas, Andrei N. and Kalaidzidis, Yannis and Parton, Robert G. and Grill, Stephan W. and Zerial, Marino}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08567-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {E29}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: An endosomal tether undergoes an entropic collapse to bring vesicles together}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How i find and explain plant fossils in romania. NATURE, 637(8048), 1276. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {From mines to metro stations, Mihai Emilian Popa analyses traces of the distant past. From mines to metro stations, Mihai Emilian Popa analyses traces of the distant past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00224-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1276}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How i find and explain plant fossils in romania}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Four tips for writing the perfect ‘cold e-mail’ in job applications. NATURE, 637(8048), 1273-1274. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {These strategies can transform your unsolicited applications from forgettable to fabulous. These strategies can transform your unsolicited applications from forgettable to fabulous.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nordling, Linda}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00223-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1273-1274}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Four tips for writing the perfect ‘cold e-mail’ in job applications}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Native DGC structure rationalizes muscular dystrophy-causing mutations. NATURE, 637(8048), 1261-1271. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive disorder marked by progressive muscle wasting leading to premature mortality1,2. Discovery of the DMD gene encoding dystrophin both revealed the cause of DMD and helped identify a family of at least ten dystrophin-associated proteins at the muscle cell membrane, collectively forming the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC)3–9. The DGC links the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, but, despite its importance, its molecular architecture has remained elusive. Here we determined the native cryo-electron microscopy structure of rabbit DGC and conducted biochemical analyses to reveal its intricate molecular configuration. An unexpected β-helix comprising β-, γ- and δ-sarcoglycan forms an extracellular platform that interacts with α-dystroglycan, β-dystroglycan and α-sarcoglycan, allowing α-dystroglycan to contact the extracellular matrix. In the membrane, sarcospan anchors β-dystroglycan to the β-, γ- and δ-sarcoglycan trimer, while in the cytoplasm, β-dystroglycan’s juxtamembrane fragment binds dystrophin’s ZZ domain. Through these interactions, the DGC links laminin 2 to intracellular actin. Additionally, dystrophin’s WW domain, along with its EF-hand 1 domain, interacts with α-dystrobrevin. A disease-causing mutation mapping to the WW domain weakens this interaction, as confirmed by deletion of the WW domain in biochemical assays. Our findings rationalize more than 110 mutations affecting single residues associated with various muscular dystrophy subtypes and contribute to ongoing therapeutic developments, including protein restoration, upregulation of compensatory genes and gene replacement. The detailed structure of the native dystrophin–glycoprotein complex provides mechanistic insights into mutations underlying muscular dystrophy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Shiheng and Su, Tiantian and Xia, Xian and Zhou, Z. Hong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08324-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1261-1271}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Native DGC structure rationalizes muscular dystrophy-causing mutations}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structure and assembly of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. NATURE, 637(8048), 1252-1260. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) has a crucial role in maintaining cell membrane stability and integrity by connecting the intracellular cytoskeleton with the surrounding extracellular matrix1–3. Dysfunction of dystrophin and its associated proteins results in muscular dystrophy, a disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration4,5. Despite the important roles of the DGC in physiology and pathology, its structural details remain largely unknown, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its assembly and function. Here we isolated the native DGC from mouse skeletal muscle and obtained its high-resolution structure. Our findings unveil a markedly divergent structure from the previous model of DGC assembly. Specifically, on the extracellular side, β-, γ- and δ-sarcoglycans co-fold to form a specialized, extracellular tower-like structure, which has a central role in complex assembly by providing binding sites for α-sarcoglycan and dystroglycan. In the transmembrane region, sarcoglycans and sarcospan flank and stabilize the single transmembrane helix of dystroglycan, rather than forming a subcomplex as previously proposed6–8. On the intracellular side, sarcoglycans and dystroglycan engage in assembly with the dystrophin–dystrobrevin subcomplex through extensive interaction with the ZZ domain of dystrophin. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the structural linkage across the cell membrane and provide a foundation for the molecular interpretation of many muscular dystrophy-related mutations. A structural study of native dystrophin glycoprotein complex from mouse skeletal muscle reveals an extended tower-like architecture that provides multiple binding sites on both sides of the membrane for signalling and effector molecules, reshaping our understanding of how the complex is assembled.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wan, Li and Ge, Xiaofei and Xu, Qikui and Huang, Gaoxingyu and Yang, Tiandi and Campbell, Kevin P. and Yan, Zhen and Wu, Jianping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08310-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1252-1260}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structure and assembly of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The conformational space of RNase p RNA in solution. NATURE, 637(8048), 1244-1251. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {RNA conformational diversity has fundamental biological roles1–5, but direct visualization of its full conformational space in solution has not been possible using traditional biophysical techniques. Using solution atomic force microscopy, a deep neural network and statistical analyses, we show that the ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA adopts heterogeneous conformations consisting of a conformationally invariant core and highly flexible peripheral structural elements that sample a broad conformational space, with amplitudes as large as 20–60 Å in a multitude of directions, with very low net energy cost. Increasing Mg2+ drives compaction and enhances enzymatic activity, probably by narrowing the conformational space. Moreover, analyses of the correlations and anticorrelations between spatial flexibility and sequence conservation suggest that the functional roles of both the structure and dynamics of key regions are embedded in the primary sequence. These findings reveal the structure–dynamics basis for the embodiment of both enzymatic precision and substrate promiscuity in the RNA component of the RNase P. Mapping the conformational space of the RNase P RNA demonstrates a new general approach to studying RNA structure and dynamics. Using a deep neural network and statistical analyses of atomic force microscopy images of individual RNA molecules enables the mapping of RNA conformational space in solution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lee, Yun-Tzai and Degenhardt, Maximilia F. S. and Skeparnias, Ilias and Degenhardt, Hermann F. and Bhandari, Yuba R. and Yu, Ping and Stagno, Jason R. and Fan, Lixin and Zhang, Jinwei and Wang, Yun-Xing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08336-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1244-1251}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The conformational space of RNase p RNA in solution}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Determining structures of RNA conformers using AFM and deep neural networks. NATURE, 637(8048), 1234-1243. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Much of the human genome is transcribed into RNAs1, many of which contain structural elements that are important for their function. Such RNA molecules—including those that are structured and well-folded2—are conformationally heterogeneous and flexible, which is a prerequisite for function3,4, but this limits the applicability of methods such as NMR, crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy for structure elucidation. Moreover, owing to the lack of a large RNA structure database, and no clear correlation between sequence and structure, approaches such as AlphaFold5 for protein structure prediction do not apply to RNA. Therefore, determining the structures of heterogeneous RNAs remains an unmet challenge. Here we report holistic RNA structure determination method using atomic force microscopy, unsupervised machine learning and deep neural networks (HORNET), a novel method for determining three-dimensional topological structures of RNA using atomic force microscopy images of individual molecules in solution. Owing to the high signal-to-noise ratio of atomic force microscopy, this method is ideal for capturing structures of large RNA molecules in distinct conformations. In addition to six benchmark cases, we demonstrate the utility of HORNET by determining multiple heterogeneous structures of RNase P RNA and the HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA. Thus, our method addresses one of the major challenges in determining heterogeneous structures of large and flexible RNA molecules, and contributes to the fundamental understanding of RNA structural biology. HORNET, a method that uses unsupervised machine learning and deep neural networks to analyse atomic force microscopy data enables structural determination of RNA molecules in multiple conformations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Degenhardt, Maximilia F. S. and Degenhardt, Hermann F. and Bhandari, Yuba R. and Lee, Yun-Tzai and Ding, Jienyu and Yu, Ping and Heinz, William F. and Stagno, Jason R. and Schwieters, Charles D. and Watts, Norman R. and Wingfield, Paul T. and Rein, Alan and Zhang, Jinwei and Wang, Yun-Xing}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07559-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1234-1243}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Determining structures of RNA conformers using AFM and deep neural networks}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation. NATURE, 637(8048), 1228-1233. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Increasing soil salinity causes significant crop losses globally; therefore, understanding plant responses to salt (sodium) stress is of high importance. Plants avoid sodium toxicity through subcellular compartmentation by intricate processes involving a high level of elemental interdependence. Current technologies to visualize sodium, in particular, together with other elements, are either indirect or lack in resolution. Here we used the newly developed cryo nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry ion microprobe1, which allows high-resolution elemental imaging of cryo-preserved samples and reveals the subcellular distributions of key macronutrients and micronutrients in root meristem cells of Arabidopsis and rice. We found an unexpected, concentration-dependent change in sodium distribution, switching from sodium accumulation in the cell walls at low external sodium concentrations to vacuolar accumulation at stressful concentrations. We conclude that, in root meristems, a key function of the NHX family sodium/proton antiporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (also known as Na+/H+ exchanger 7; SOS1/NHX7) is to sequester sodium into vacuoles, rather than extrusion of sodium into the extracellular space. This is corroborated by the use of new genomic, complementing fluorescently tagged SOS1 variants. We show that, in addition to the plasma membrane, SOS1 strongly accumulates at late endosome/prevacuoles as well as vacuoles, supporting a role of SOS1 in vacuolar sodium sequestration. This study demonstrates that cryo nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (CryoNanoSIMS) enables direct multi-elemental imaging at subcellular resolution of macro- and micronutrients or trace elements in plants and may provide insights into the in vivo roles of many transporters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramakrishna, Priya and Gámez-Arjona, Francisco M. and Bellani, Etienne and Martin-Olmos, Cristina and Escrig, Stéphane and De Bellis, Damien and De Luca, Anna and Pardo, José M. and Quintero, Francisco J. and Genoud, Christel and Sánchez-Rodriguez, Clara and Geldner, Niko and Meibom, Anders}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08403-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1228-1233}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-l1 resistance in solid tumours. NATURE, 637(8048), 1218-1227. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment1. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs2. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity. Recently, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a cytokine that is abundantly produced by many cancer types, was shown to interfere with antitumour immune response. In preclinical cancer models, GDF-15 blockade synergistically enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1-mediated checkpoint inhibition3. In a first-in-human phase 1–2a study (GDFATHER-1/2a trial, NCT04725474 ), patients with advanced cancers refractory to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy (termed generally as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 refractoriness) were treated with the neutralizing anti-GDF-15 antibody visugromab (CTL-002) in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab. Here we show that durable and deep responses were achieved in some patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial cancer, two cancer entities identified as frequently immunosuppressed by GDF-15 in an in silico screening of approximately 10,000 tumour samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Increased levels of tumour infiltration, proliferation, interferon-γ-related signalling and granzyme B expression by cytotoxic T cells were observed in response to treatment. Neutralizing GDF-15 holds promise in overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer. A study reporting the results of a clinical trial co-administering the GDF-15-blocking antibody visugromab with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab demonstrates that neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Melero, Ignacio and de Miguel Luken, Maria and de Velasco, Guillermo and Garralda, Elena and Martín-Liberal, Juan and Joerger, Markus and Alonso, Guzman and Goebeler, Maria-Elisabeth and Schuler, Martin and König, David and Dummer, Reinhard and Reig, Maria and Rodriguez Ruiz, Maria-Esperanza and Calvo, Emiliano and Esteban-Villarrubia, Jorge and Oberoi, Arjun and Sabat, Paula and Soto-Castillo, Juan José and Koster, Kira-Lee and Saavedra, Omar and Sayehli, Cyrus and Gromke, Tanja and Läubli, Heinz and Ramelyte, Egle and Fortuny, Marta and Landa-Magdalena, Ana and Moreno, Irene and Torres-Jiménez, Javier and Hernando-Calvo, Alberto and Hess, Dagmar and Racca, Fabricio and Richly, Heike and Schmitt, Andreas M. and Eggenschwiler, Corinne and Sanduzzi-Zamparelli, Marco and Vilalta-Lacarra, Anna and Trojan, Jörg and Koch, Christine and Galle, Peter R. and Foerster, Friedrich and Trajanoski, Zlatko and Hackl, Hubert and Gogolla, Falk and Koll, Florestan J. and Wild, Peter and Chun, Felix Kyoung Hwan and Reis, Henning and Lloyd, Peter and Machacek, Matthias and Gajewski, Thomas F. and Fridman, Wolf H. and Eggermont, Alexander M. M. and Bargou, Ralf and Schöniger, Sandra and Rüschoff, Josef and Tereshchenko, Anastasiia and Zink, Carina and da Silva, Antonio and Lichtenegger, Felix S. and Akdemir, Julia and Rüdiger, Manfred and L’Huillier, Phil and Dutta, Aradhana and Haake, Markus and Auckenthaler, Alexandra and Gjorgjioska, Ana and Rössler, Bernhard and Hermann, Frank and Liebig, Mara and Reichhardt, Daniela and Schuberth-Wagner, Christine and Wischhusen, Jörg and Fettes, Petra and Auer, Marlene and Klar, Kathrin and Leo, Eugen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08305-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1218-1227}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-l1 resistance in solid tumours}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolution of myeloid-mediated immunotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. NATURE, 637(8048), 1207-1217. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)1,2, partly because there are immunosuppressive myeloid cells in tumours3,4. However, the heterogeneity of myeloid cells has made them difficult to target, making blockade of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) clinically ineffective. Here we use single-cell profiling on patient biopsies across the disease continuum and find that a distinct population of tumour-associated macrophages with elevated levels of SPP1 transcripts (SPP1hi-TAMs) becomes enriched with the progression of prostate cancer to mCRPC. In syngeneic mouse modelling, an analogous macrophage population suppresses CD8+ T cell activity in vitro and promotes ICI resistance in vivo. Furthermore, Spp1hi-TAMs are not responsive to anti-CSF1R antibody treatment. Pathway analysis identifies adenosine signalling as a potential mechanism for SPP1hi-TAM-mediated immunotherapeutic resistance. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) significantly reverses Spp1hi-TAM-mediated immunosuppression in CD8+ T cells in vitro and enhances CRPC responsiveness to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in vivo. Consistent with preclinical results, inhibition of A2ARs using ciforadenant in combination with programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade using atezolizumab induces clinical responses in patients with mCRPC. Moreover, inhibiting A2ARs results in a significant decrease in SPP1hi-TAM abundance in CRPC, indicating that this pathway is involved in both induction and downstream immunosuppression. Collectively, these findings establish SPP1hi-TAMs as key mediators of ICI resistance in mCRPC through adenosine signalling, emphasizing their importance as both a therapeutic target and a potential biomarker for predicting treatment efficacy. Single-cell profiling of human prostate cancer and studies in mouse models show that macrophages expressing SPP1 mediate immunotherapeutic resistance through adenosine pathway activation and represent a potential target for future studies.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lyu, Aram and Fan, Zenghua and Clark, Matthew and Lea, Averey and Luong, Diamond and Setayesh, Ali and Starzinski, Alec and Wolters, Rachel and Arias-Badia, Marcel and Allaire, Kate and Wu, Kai and Gurunathan, Vibha and Valderrábano, Laura and Wei, Xiao X. and Miller, Richard A. and Van Allen, Eliezer M. and Fong, Lawrence}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08290-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1207-1217}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolution of myeloid-mediated immunotherapy resistance in prostate cancer}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Liver x receptor unlinks intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis. NATURE, 637(8048), 1198-1206. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Uncontrolled regeneration leads to neoplastic transformation1–3. The intestinal epithelium requires precise regulation during continuous homeostatic and damage-induced tissue renewal to prevent neoplastic transformation, suggesting that pathways unlinking tumour growth from regenerative processes must exist. Here, by mining RNA-sequencing datasets from two intestinal damage models4,5 and using pharmacological, transcriptomics and genetic tools, we identified liver X receptor (LXR) pathway activation as a tissue adaptation to damage that reciprocally regulates intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, intestinal organoids, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that LXR activation in intestinal epithelial cells induces amphiregulin (Areg), enhancing regenerative responses. This response is coordinated by the LXR-ligand-producing enzyme CYP27A1, which was upregulated in damaged intestinal crypt niches. Deletion of Cyp27a1 impaired intestinal regeneration, which was rescued by exogenous LXR agonists. Notably, in tumour models, Cyp27a1 deficiency led to increased tumour growth, whereas LXR activation elicited anti-tumour responses dependent on adaptive immunity. Consistently, human colorectal cancer specimens exhibited reduced levels of CYP27A1, LXR target genes, and B and CD8 T cell gene signatures. We therefore identify an epithelial adaptation mechanism to damage, whereby LXR functions as a rheostat, promoting tissue repair while limiting tumorigenesis. Liver X receptor drives epithelial Areg-mediated intestinal regeneration, while preventing tumour growth through adaptive immune responses.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Das, Srustidhar and Parigi, S. Martina and Luo, Xinxin and Fransson, Jennifer and Kern, Bianca C. and Okhovat, Ali and Diaz, Oscar E. and Sorini, Chiara and Czarnewski, Paulo and Webb, Anna T. and Morales, Rodrigo A. and Lebon, Sacha and Monasterio, Gustavo and Castillo, Francisca and Tripathi, Kumar P. and He, Ning and Pelczar, Penelope and Schaltenberg, Nicola and De la Fuente, Marjorie and López-Köstner, Francisco and Nylén, Susanne and Larsen, Hjalte List and Kuiper, Raoul and Antonson, Per and Hermoso, Marcela A. and Huber, Samuel and Biton, Moshe and Scharaw, Sandra and Gustafsson, Jan-Åke and Katajisto, Pekka and Villablanca, Eduardo J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08247-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1198-1206}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Liver x receptor unlinks intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Monoallelic expression can govern penetrance of inborn errors of immunity. NATURE, 637(8048), 1186-1197. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are genetic disorders that underlie susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy and/or malignancy1. Incomplete penetrance is common among IEIs despite their monogenic basis2. Here we investigate the contribution of autosomal random monoallelic expression (aRMAE), a somatic commitment to the expression of one allele3,4, to phenotypic variability observed in families with IEIs. Using a clonal primary T cell system to assess aRMAE status of genes in healthy individuals, we find that 4.30% of IEI genes and 5.20% of all genes undergo aRMAE. Perturbing H3K27me3 and DNA methylation alters allele expression commitment, in support of two proposed mechanisms5,6 for the regulation of aRMAE. We tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with IEIs with shared genetic lesions but discordant clinical phenotypes for aRMAE. Among two relatives who were heterozygous for a mutation in PLCG2 (delEx19), an antibody deficiency phenotype corresponds to selective mutant allele expression in B cells. By contrast, among relatives who were heterozygous for a mutation in JAK1 (c.2099G>A; p.S700N), the unaffected carrier T cells predominantly expressed the wild-type JAK1 allele, whereas the affected carrier T cells exhibited biallelic expression. Allelic expression bias was also documented in phenotypically discordant family members with mutations in STAT1 and CARD11. This study highlights the importance of considering both the genotype and the ‘transcriptotype’ in analyses of the penetrance and expressivity of monogenic disorders. Somatically determined preferential allelic expression of select genes that when mutated cause inborn errors of immunity corresponds with disease phenotypes, suggesting that the penetrance and expressivity of monogenic disorders is also dependent on the ‘transcriptotype’.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Stewart, O’Jay and Gruber, Conor and Randolph, Haley E. and Patel, Roosheel and Ramba, Meredith and Calzoni, Enrica and Huang, Lei Haley and Levy, Jay and Buta, Sofija and Lee, Angelica and Sazeides, Christos and Prue, Zoe and Hoytema van Konijnenburg, David P. and Chinn, Ivan K. and Pedroza, Luis A. and Lupski, James R. and Schmitt, Erica G. and Cooper, Megan A. and Puel, Anne and Peng, Xiao and Boisson-Dupuis, Stéphanie and Bustamante, Jacinta and Okada, Satoshi and Martin-Fernandez, Marta and Orange, Jordan S. and Casanova, Jean-Laurent and Milner, Joshua D. and Bogunovic, Dusan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08346-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1186-1197}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Monoallelic expression can govern penetrance of inborn errors of immunity}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Small-molecule inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 RNA cap methyltransferase. NATURE, 637(8048), 1178-1185. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1. The rapid development of highly effective vaccines2,3 against SARS-CoV-2 has altered the trajectory of the pandemic, and antiviral therapeutics4 have further reduced the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that encode various structural and non-structural proteins, including those critical for viral RNA replication and evasion from innate immunity5. Here we report the discovery and development of a first-in-class non-covalent small-molecule inhibitor of the viral guanine-N7 methyltransferase (MTase) NSP14. High-throughput screening identified RU-0415529, which inhibited SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 by forming a unique ternary S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)-bound complex. Hit-to-lead optimization of RU-0415529 resulted in TDI-015051 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 61 pM and a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 11 nM, inhibiting virus infection in a cell-based system. TDI-015051 also inhibited viral replication in primary small airway epithelial cells and in a transgenic mouse model of SARS CoV-2 infection with an efficacy comparable with the FDA-approved reversible covalent protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir6. The inhibition of viral cap methylases as an antiviral strategy is also adaptable to other pandemic viruses. The development of a first-in-class non-covalent small-molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication that targets the viral guanine-N7 methyltransferase NSP14 is reported.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meyer, Cindy and Garzia, Aitor and Miller, Michael W. and Huggins, David J. and Myers, Robert W. and Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich and Ashbrook, Alison W. and Jannath, Syeda Y. and Liverton, Nigel and Kargman, Stacia and Zimmerman, Matthew and Nelson, Andrew M. and Sharma, Vijeta and Dolgov, Enriko and Cangialosi, Julianna and Penalva-Lopez, Suyapa and Alvarez, Nadine and Chang, Ching-Wen and Oswal, Neelam and Gonzalez, Irene and Rasheed, Risha and Goldgirsh, Kira and Davis, Jada A. and Ramos-Espiritu, Lavoisier and Menezes, Miriam-Rose and Larson, Chloe and Nitsche, Julius and Ganichkin, Oleg and Alwaseem, Hanan and Molina, Henrik and Steinbacher, Stefan and Glickman, J. Fraser and Perlin, David S. and Rice, Charles M. and Meinke, Peter T. and Tuschl, Thomas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08320-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1178-1185}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Small-molecule inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 RNA cap methyltransferase}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural diversity of axonemes across mammalian motile cilia. NATURE, 637(8048), 1170-1177. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Reproduction, development and homeostasis depend on motile cilia, whose rhythmic beating is powered by a microtubule-based molecular machine called the axoneme. Although an atomic model of the axoneme is available for the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii1, structures of mammalian axonemes are incomplete1–5. Furthermore, we do not fully understand how molecular structures of axonemes vary across motile-ciliated cell types in the body. Here we use cryoelectron microscopy, cryoelectron tomography and proteomics to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) from both sperm flagella and epithelial cilia of the oviduct, brain ventricles and respiratory tract. We find that sperm DMTs are the most specialized, with epithelial cilia having only minor differences across tissues. We build a model of the mammalian sperm DMT, defining the positions and interactions of 181 proteins including 34 newly identified proteins. We elucidate the composition of radial spoke 3 and uncover binding sites of kinases associated with regeneration of ATP and regulation of ciliary motility. We discover a sperm-specific, axoneme-tethered T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) chaperone that may contribute to construction or maintenance of the long flagella of mammalian sperm. We resolve axonemal dyneins in their prestroke states, illuminating conformational changes that occur during ciliary movement. Our results illustrate how elements of chemical and mechanical regulation are embedded within the axoneme, providing valuable resources for understanding the aetiology of ciliopathy and infertility, and exemplifying the discovery power of modern structural biology. Cryoelectron microscopy, cryoelectron tomography and proteomics are used to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules from both sperm flagella and epithelial cilia of the oviduct, brain ventricles and respiratory tract.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Leung, Miguel Ricardo and Sun, Chen and Zeng, Jianwei and Anderson, Jacob R. and Niu, Qingwei and Huang, Wei and Noteborn, Willem E. M. and Brown, Alan and Zeev-Ben-Mordehai, Tzviya and Zhang, Rui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08337-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1170-1177}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural diversity of axonemes across mammalian motile cilia}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sleep microstructure organizes memory replay. NATURE, 637(8048), 1161-1169. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Recently acquired memories are reactivated in the hippocampus during sleep, an initial step for their consolidation1–3. This process is concomitant with the hippocampal reactivation of previous memories4–6, posing the problem of how to prevent interference between older and recent, initially labile, memory traces. Theoretical work has suggested that consolidating multiple memories while minimizing interference can be achieved by randomly interleaving their reactivation7–10. An alternative is that a temporal microstructure of sleep can promote the reactivation of different types of memories during specific substates. Here, to test these two hypotheses, we developed a method to simultaneously record large hippocampal ensembles and monitor sleep dynamics through pupillometry in naturally sleeping mice. Oscillatory pupil fluctuations revealed a previously unknown microstructure of non-REM sleep-associated memory processes. We found that memory replay of recent experiences dominated in sharp-wave ripples during contracted pupil substates of non-REM sleep, whereas replay of previous memories preferentially occurred during dilated pupil substates. Selective closed-loop disruption of sharp-wave ripples during contracted pupil non-REM sleep impaired the recall of recent memories, whereas the same manipulation during dilated pupil substates had no behavioural effect. Stronger extrinsic excitatory inputs characterized the contracted pupil substate, whereas higher recruitment of local inhibition was prominent during dilated pupil substates. Thus, the microstructure of non-REM sleep organizes memory replay, with previous versus new memories being temporally segregated in different substates and supported by local and input-driven mechanisms, respectively. Our results suggest that the brain can multiplex distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. The temporal microstructure of the brain can multiplex distinct cognitive processes during sleep to support continuous learning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chang, Hongyu and Tang, Wenbo and Wulf, Annabella M. and Nyasulu, Thokozile and Wolf, Madison E. and Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio and Oliva, Azahara}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08340-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1161-1169}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sleep microstructure organizes memory replay}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synaptic basis of feature selectivity in hippocampal neurons. NATURE, 637(8048), 1152-1160. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A central question in neuroscience is how synaptic plasticity shapes the feature selectivity of neurons in behaving animals1. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons display one of the most striking forms of feature selectivity by forming spatially and contextually selective receptive fields called place fields, which serve as a model for studying the synaptic basis of learning and memory. Various forms of synaptic plasticity have been proposed as cellular substrates for the emergence of place fields. However, despite decades of work, our understanding of how synaptic plasticity underlies place-field formation and memory encoding remains limited, largely due to a shortage of tools and technical challenges associated with the visualization of synaptic plasticity at the single-neuron resolution in awake behaving animals. To address this, we developed an all-optical approach to monitor the spatiotemporal tuning and synaptic weight changes of dendritic spines before and after the induction of a place field in single CA1 pyramidal neurons during spatial navigation. We identified a temporally asymmetric synaptic plasticity kernel resulting from bidirectional modifications of synaptic weights around the induction of a place field. Our work identified compartment-specific differences in the magnitude and temporal expression of synaptic plasticity between basal dendrites and oblique dendrites. Our results provide experimental evidence linking synaptic plasticity to the rapid emergence of spatial selectivity in hippocampal neurons, a critical prerequisite for episodic memory. A temporally asymmetric synaptic plasticity kernel results from bidirectional modifications of synaptic weights around the induction of a place field.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gonzalez, Kevin C. and Negrean, Adrian and Liao, Zhenrui and Terada, Satoshi and Zhang, Guofeng and Lee, Sungmoo and Ócsai, Katalin and Rózsa, Balázs J. and Lin, Michael Z. and Polleux, Franck and Losonczy, Attila}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08325-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1152-1160}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synaptic basis of feature selectivity in hippocampal neurons}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A collicular map for touch-guided tongue control. NATURE, 637(8048), 1143-1151. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Accurate goal-directed behaviour requires the sense of touch to be integrated with information about body position and ongoing motion1,2. Behaviours such as chewing, swallowing and speech critically depend on precise tactile events on a rapidly moving tongue3, but neural circuits for dynamic touch-guided tongue control are unknown. Here, using high-speed videography, we examined three-dimensional lingual kinematics as mice drank from a water spout that unexpectedly changed position during licking, requiring re-aiming in response to subtle contact events on the left, centre or right surface of the tongue. Mice integrated information about both precise touch events and tongue position to re-aim ensuing licks. Touch-guided re-aiming was unaffected by photoinactivation of tongue sensory, premotor and motor cortices, but was impaired by photoinactivation of the lateral superior colliculus (latSC). Electrophysiological recordings identified latSC neurons with mechanosensory receptive fields for precise touch events that were anchored in tongue-centred, head-centred or conjunctive reference frames. Notably, latSC neurons also encoded tongue position before contact, information that is important for tongue-to-head-based coordinate transformations underlying accurate touch-guided aiming. Viral tracing revealed tongue sensory inputs to the latSC from the lingual trigeminal nucleus, and optical microstimulation in the latSC revealed a topographic map for aiming licks. These findings demonstrate that touch-guided tongue control relies on a collicular mechanosensorimotor map, analogous to collicular visuomotor maps associated with visually guided orienting across many species. Touch-guided tongue control in mice relies on a collicular mechanosensorimotor map, analogous to collicular visuomotor maps associated with visually guided orienting across many species.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ito, Brendan S. and Gao, Yongjie and Kardon, Brian and Goldberg, Jesse H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08339-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1143-1151}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A collicular map for touch-guided tongue control}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in iron age britain. NATURE, 637(8048), 1136-1142. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Roman writers found the relative empowerment of Celtic women remarkable1. In southern Britain, the Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried women with substantial grave goods2. Here we analyse 57 ancient genomes from Durotrigian burial sites and find an extended kin group centred around a single maternal lineage, with unrelated (presumably inward migrating) burials being predominantly male. Such a matrilocal pattern is undescribed in European prehistory, but when we compare mitochondrial haplotype variation among European archaeological sites spanning six millennia, British Iron Age cemeteries stand out as having marked reductions in diversity driven by the presence of dominant matrilines. Patterns of haplotype sharing reveal that British Iron Age populations form fine-grained geographical clusters with southern links extending across the channel to the continent. Indeed, whereas most of Britain shows majority genomic continuity from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age, this is markedly reduced in a southern coastal core region with persistent cross-channel cultural exchange3. This southern core has evidence of population influx in the Middle Bronze Age but also during the Iron Age. This is asynchronous with the rest of the island and points towards a staged, geographically granular absorption of continental influence, possibly including the acquisition of Celtic languages. An analysis of ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA shows evidence of matrilocal communities in Iron Age Britain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cassidy, Lara M. and Russell, Miles and Smith, Martin and Delbarre, Gabrielle and Cheetham, Paul and Manley, Harry and Mattiangeli, Valeria and Breslin, Emily M. and Jackson, Iseult and McCann, Maeve and Little, Harry and O’Connor, Ciarán G. and Heaslip, Beth and Lawson, Daniel and Endicott, Phillip and Bradley, Daniel G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08409-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1136-1142}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in iron age britain}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Global 3D model of mantle attenuation using seismic normal modes. NATURE, 637(8048), 1131-1135. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Seismic tomographic models based only on wave velocities have limited ability to distinguish between a thermal or compositional origin for Earth’s 3D structure1. Complementing wave velocities with attenuation observations can make that distinction, which is fundamental for understanding mantle convection evolution. However, global 3D attenuation models are only available for the upper mantle at present2–5. Here we present a 3D global model of attenuation for the whole mantle made using whole-Earth oscillations, constraining even spherical harmonics up to degree four. In the upper mantle, we find that high attenuation correlates with low velocity, indicating a thermal origin, in agreement with previous studies6,7. In the lower mantle, we find the opposite and observe the highest attenuation in the ‘ring around the Pacific’, which is seismically fast, and the lowest attenuation in the large low-seismic-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Comparing our model with wave speeds and attenuation predicted by a laboratory-based viscoelastic model8 suggests that the circum-Pacific is a colder and small-grain-size region9, surrounding the warmer and large-grain-size LLSVPs. Viscosities calculated for the inferred variations in grain size and temperature confirm LLSVPs as long-lived, stable features10. Using whole-Earth oscillations to constrain a 3D global model of attenuation for the whole mantle, low attenuation correlates with low velocity in the lower mantle, suggesting long-lived deep-mantle provinces.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Talavera-Soza, Sujania and Cobden, Laura and Faul, Ulrich H. and Deuss, Arwen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08322-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1131-1135}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Global 3D model of mantle attenuation using seismic normal modes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Methane emissions from the nord stream subsea pipeline leaks. NATURE, 637(8048), 1124-1130. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The amount of methane released to the atmosphere from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks remains uncertain, as reflected in a wide range of estimates1–18. A lack of information regarding the temporal variation in atmospheric emissions has made it challenging to reconcile pipeline volumetric (bottom-up) estimates1–8 with measurement-based (top-down) estimates8–18. Here we simulate pipeline rupture emission rates and integrate these with methane dissolution and sea-surface outgassing estimates9,10 to model the evolution of atmospheric emissions from the leaks. We verify our modelled atmospheric emissions by comparing them with top-down point-in-time emission-rate estimates and cumulative emission estimates derived from airborne11, satellite8,12–14 and tall tower data. We obtain consistency between our modelled atmospheric emissions and top-down estimates and find that 465 ± 20 thousand metric tons of methane were emitted to the atmosphere. Although, to our knowledge, this represents the largest recorded amount of methane released from a single transient event, it is equivalent to 0.1% of anthropogenic methane emissions for 2022. The impact of the leaks on the global atmospheric methane budget brings into focus the numerous other anthropogenic methane sources that require mitigation globally. Our analysis demonstrates that diverse, complementary measurement approaches are needed to quantify methane emissions in support of the Global Methane Pledge19. Modelling of the evolution of atmospheric methane emissions from the 2022 Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks shows that the event emitted the largest recorded amount of methane from a single transient event.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Harris, Stephen J. and Schwietzke, Stefan and France, James L. and Velandia Salinas, Nataly and Meixus Fernandez, Tania and Randles, Cynthia and Guanter, Luis and Irakulis-Loitxate, Itziar and Calcan, Andreea and Aben, Ilse and Abrahamsson, Katarina and Balcombe, Paul and Berchet, Antoine and Biddle, Louise C. and Bittig, Henry C. and Böttcher, Christian and Bouvard, Timo and Broström, Göran and Bruch, Valentin and Cassiani, Massimo and Chipperfield, Martyn P. and Ciais, Philippe and Damm, Ellen and Dammers, Enrico and Denier van der Gon, Hugo and Dogniaux, Matthieu and Dowd, Emily and Dupouy, François and Eckhardt, Sabine and Evangeliou, Nikolaos and Feng, Wuhu and Jia, Mengwei and Jiang, Fei and Kaiser-Weiss, Andrea K. and Kamoun, Ines and Kerridge, Brian J. and Lampert, Astrid and Lana, José and Li, Fei and Maasakkers, Joannes D. and Maclean, Jean-Philippe W. and Mamtimin, Buhalqem and Marshall, Julia and Mauger, Gédéon and Mekkas, Anouar and Mielke, Christian and Mohrmann, Martin and Moore, David P. and Nanni, Riccardo and Pätzold, Falk and Pison, Isabelle and Pisso, Ignacio and Platt, Stephen M. and Préa, Raphaël and Queste, Bastien Y. and Ramonet, Michel and Rehder, Gregor and Remedios, John J. and Reum, Friedemann and Roiger, Anke and Schmidbauer, Norbert and Siddans, Richard and Sunkisala, Anusha and Thompson, Rona L. and Varon, Daniel J. and Ventress, Lucy J. and Wilson, Chris and Zhang, Yuzhong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08396-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1124-1130}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Methane emissions from the nord stream subsea pipeline leaks}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple-radical sorting. NATURE, 637(8048), 1118-1123. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Multicomponent reactions—those where three or more substrates combine into a product—have been highly useful in rapidly building chemical building blocks of increased complexity1, but achieving this enzymatically has remained rare2–5. This limitation primarily arises because an enzyme’s active site is not typically set up to address multiple substrates, especially in cases involving multiple radical intermediates6. Recently, chemical catalytic radical sorting has emerged as an enabling strategy for a variety of useful reactions7,8. However, making such processes enantioselective is highly challenging owing to the inherent difficulty in the stereochemical control of radicals9. Here we repurpose a thiamine-dependent enzyme10,11 through directed evolution and combine it with photoredox catalysis to achieve a photobiocatalytic enantioselective three-component radical cross-coupling. This approach combines three readily available starting materials—aldehydes, α-bromo-carbonyls and alkenes—to give access to enantioenriched ketone products. Mechanistic investigations provide insights into how this dual photocatalyst–enzyme system precisely directs the three distinct radicals involved in the transformation, unlocking enzyme reactivity. Our approach has achieved exceptional stereoselectivity, with 24 out of 33 examples achieving ≥97% enantiomeric excess. Enantioselective three-component radical cross-coupling is achieved using a thiamine-dependent enzyme and photoredox catalysis, giving access to ketone products with exceptional stereoselectivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xing, Zhongqiu and Liu, Fulu and Feng, Jianqiang and Yu, Lu and Wu, Zhouping and Zhao, Beibei and Chen, Bin and Ping, Heng and Xu, Yuanyuan and Liu, Aokun and Zhao, Yue and Wang, Chuanyong and Wang, Binju and Huang, Xiaoqiang}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08399-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1118-1123}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple-radical sorting}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Durable all-inorganic perovskite tandem photovoltaics. NATURE, 637(8048), 1111-1117. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {All-inorganic perovskites prepared by substituting the organic cations (for example, methylammonium and formamidinium) with inorganic cations (for example, Cs+) are effective concepts to enhance the long-term photostability and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)1,2. Hence, inorganic perovskite tandem solar cells (IPTSCs) are promising candidates for breaking the efficiency bottleneck and addressing the stability issue, too3,4. However, challenges remain in fabricating two-terminal (2T) IPTSCs due to the inferior film formation and deep trap states induced by tin cations5–7. Here a ligand evolution (LE) strategy with p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (PTSH) is used to regulate film formation and eliminate deep traps in inorganic narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskites, enabling the successful development of 2T IPTSCs. Accordingly, the 1.31 eV CsPb0.4Sn0.6I3:LE device delivers a record efficiency of 17.41%. Combined with the 1.92 eV CsPbI2Br top cell, 2T IPTSCs exhibit a champion efficiency of 22.57% (certified, 21.92%). Moreover, IPTSCs are engineered to deliver remarkable durability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking, maintaining 80% of their initial efficiency at 65 °C for 1,510 h and at 85 °C for 800 h. We elucidate that LE deliberately leverages multiple roles for inorganic NBG perovskite growth and anticipate that our study provides an insightful guideline for developing high-efficiency and stable IPTSCs. Inorganic perovskite tandem solar cells using ligand evolution strategy achieve record efficiencies and durability, maintaining 80% of their initial efficiency under light/heat stresses, guiding the development of high-efficiency, stable inorganic perovskite tandem solar cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Duan, Chenghao and Zhang, Kaicheng and Peng, Zijian and Li, Shiang and Zou, Feilin and Wang, Feng and Li, Jiong and Zhang, Zheng and Chen, Chang and Zhu, Qiliang and Qiu, Jianhang and Lu, Xinhui and Li, Ning and Ding, Liming and Brabec, Christoph J. and Gao, Feng and Yan, Keyou}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08432-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1111-1117}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Durable all-inorganic perovskite tandem photovoltaics}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Enhanced energy storage in antiferroelectrics via antipolar frustration. NATURE, 637(8048), 1104-1110. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Dielectric-based energy storage capacitors characterized with fast charging and discharging speed and reliability1–4 play a vital role in cutting-edge electrical and electronic equipment. In pursuit of capacitor miniaturization and integration, dielectrics must offer high energy density and efficiency5. Antiferroelectrics with antiparallel dipole configurations have been of significant interest for high-performance energy storage due to their negligible remanent polarization and high maximum polarization in the field-induced ferroelectric state6–8. However, the low antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase-transition field and accompanying large hysteresis loss deteriorate energy density and reliability. Here, guided by phase-field simulations, we propose a new strategy to frustrate antipolar ordering in antiferroelectrics by incorporating non-polar or polar components. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach effectively tunes the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase-transition fields and simultaneously reduces hysteresis loss. In PbZrO3-based films, we hence realized a record high energy density among all antiferroelectrics of 189 J cm−3 along with a high efficiency of 81% at an electric field of 5.51 MV cm−1, which rivals the most state-of-the-art energy storage dielectrics9–12. Atomic-scale characterization by scanning transmission electron microscopy directly revealed that the dispersed non-polar regions frustrate the long-range antipolar ordering, which contributes to the improved performance. This strategy presents new opportunities to manipulate polarization profiles and enhance energy storage performances in antiferroelectrics. This study reports that incorporating non-polar nanodomains into antiferroelectrics greatly enhanced the energy density and efficiency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yang, Bingbing and Liu, Yiqian and Jiang, Ru-Jian and Lan, Shun and Liu, Su-Zhen and Zhou, Zhifang and Dou, Lvye and Zhang, Min and Huang, Houbing and Chen, Long-Qing and Zhu, Yin-Lian and Zhang, Shujun and Ma, Xiu-Liang and Nan, Ce-Wen and Lin, Yuan-Hua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08505-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1104-1110}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Enhanced energy storage in antiferroelectrics via antipolar frustration}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ultrabroadband integrated electro-optic frequency comb in lithium tantalate. NATURE, 637(8048), 1096-1103. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The integrated frequency comb generator based on Kerr parametric oscillation1 has led to chip-scale, gigahertz-spaced combs with new applications spanning hyperscale telecommunications, low-noise microwave synthesis, light detection and ranging, and astrophysical spectrometer calibration2–6. Recent progress in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has resulted in chip-scale, electro-optic (EO) frequency combs7,8, offering precise comb-line positioning and simple operation without relying on the formation of dissipative Kerr solitons. However, current integrated EO combs face limited spectral coverage due to the large microwave power required to drive the non-resonant capacitive electrodes and the strong intrinsic birefringence of LiNbO3. Here we overcome both challenges with an integrated triply resonant architecture, combining monolithic microwave integrated circuits with PICs based on the recently emerged thin-film lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)9. With resonantly enhanced EO interaction and reduced birefringence in LiTaO3, we achieve a fourfold comb span extension and a 16-fold power reduction compared to the conventional, non-resonant microwave design. Driven by a hybrid integrated laser diode, the comb spans over 450 nm (more than 60 THz) with  more than 2,000 lines, and the generator fits within a compact 1-cm2 footprint. We additionally observe that the strong EO coupling leads to an increased comb existence range approaching the full free spectral range of the optical microresonator. The ultra-broadband comb generator, combined with detuning-agnostic operation, could advance chip-scale spectrometry and ultra-low-noise millimetre wave synthesis10–13 and unlock octave-spanning EO combs. The methodology of co-designing microwave and photonics can be extended to a wide range of integrated EOs applications14–16. An integrated electro-optic frequency comb that combines microwave integrated circuits with a photonic circuit based on lithium tantalate leads to broadband operation with low power requirements.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Junyin and Wang, Chengli and Denney, Connor and Riemensberger, Johann and Lihachev, Grigory and Hu, Jianqi and Kao, Wil and Blésin, Terence and Kuznetsov, Nikolai and Li, Zihan and Churaev, Mikhail and Ou, Xin and Santamaria-Botello, Gabriel and Kippenberg, Tobias J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08354-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1096-1103}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ultrabroadband integrated electro-optic frequency comb in lithium tantalate}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Extended quantum anomalous hall states in graphene/hBN moiré superlattices. NATURE, 637(8048), 1090-1095. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electrons in topological flat bands can form new topological states driven by correlation effects. The pentalayer rhombohedral graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) moiré superlattice was shown to host fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect (FQAHE) at approximately 400 mK (ref. 1), triggering discussions around the underlying mechanism and role of moiré effects2–6. In particular, new electron crystal states with non-trivial topology have been proposed3,4,7–15. Here we report electrical transport measurements in rhombohedral pentalayer and tetralayer graphene/hBN moiré superlattices at electronic temperatures down to below 40 mK. We observed two more fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) states and smaller Rxx values in pentalayer devices than those previously reported. In the new tetralayer device, we observed FQAHE at moiré filling factors v = 3/5 and 2/3. With a small current at the base temperature, we observed a new extended quantum anomalous Hall (EQAH) state and magnetic hysteresis, where Rxy = h/e2 and vanishing Rxx spans a wide range of v from 0.5 to 1.3. At increased temperature or current, EQAH states disappear and partially transition into the FQAH liquid16–18. Furthermore, we observed displacement field-induced quantum phase transitions from the EQAH states to the Fermi liquid, FQAH liquid and the likely composite Fermi liquid. Our observations established a new topological phase of electrons with quantized Hall resistance at zero magnetic field and enriched the emergent quantum phenomena in materials with topological flat bands.  New topological states have been observed in rhombohedral graphene/hBN moiré superlattices, including fractional and extended quantum anomalous Hall effects, at ultra-low temperatures, demonstrating the rich quantum phenomena emerging from correlated electrons in topological flat bands.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lu, Zhengguang and Han, Tonghang and Yao, Yuxuan and Hadjri, Zach and Yang, Jixiang and Seo, Junseok and Shi, Lihan and Ye, Shenyong and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Ju, Long}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08470-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1090-1095}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Extended quantum anomalous hall states in graphene/hBN moiré superlattices}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Moiré-driven topological electronic crystals in twisted graphene. NATURE, 637(8048), 1084-1089. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a dilute two-dimensional electron gas, Coulomb interactions can stabilize the formation of a Wigner crystal1–3. Although Wigner crystals are topologically trivial, it has been predicted that electrons in a partially filled band can break continuous translational symmetry and time-reversal symmetry spontaneously, resulting in a type of topological electron crystal known as an anomalous Hall crystal4–11. Here we report signatures of a generalized version of the anomalous Hall crystal in twisted bilayer–trilayer graphene, whose formation is driven by the moiré potential. The crystal forms at a band filling of one electron per four moiré unit cells (ν = 1/4) and quadruples the unit-cell area, coinciding with an integer quantum anomalous Hall effect. The Chern number of the state is exceptionally tunable, and it can be switched reversibly between +1 and −1 by electric and magnetic fields. Several other topological electronic crystals arise in a modest magnetic field, originating from ν = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 3/2. The quantum geometry of the interaction-modified bands is likely to be very different from that of the original parent band, which enables possible future discoveries of correlation-driven topological phenomena. We report signatures of a generalized version of the anomalous Hall crystal in twisted bilayer–trilayer graphene, whose formation is driven by the moiré potential.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Su, Ruiheng and Waters, Dacen and Zhou, Boran and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Zhang, Ya-Hui and Yankowitz, Matthew and Folk, Joshua}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08239-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1084-1089}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Moiré-driven topological electronic crystals in twisted graphene}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthesis of a semimetallic weyl ferromagnet with point fermi surface. NATURE, 637(8048), 1078-1083. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum materials governed by emergent topological fermions have become a cornerstone of physics. Dirac fermions in graphene form the basis for moiré quantum matter and Dirac fermions in magnetic topological insulators enabled the discovery of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect1–3. By contrast, there are few materials whose electromagnetic response is dominated by emergent Weyl fermions4–6. Nearly all known Weyl materials are overwhelmingly metallic and are largely governed by irrelevant, conventional electrons. Here we theoretically predict and experimentally observe a semimetallic Weyl ferromagnet in van der Waals (Cr,Bi)2Te3. In transport, we find a record bulk anomalous Hall angle of greater than 0.5 along with non-metallic conductivity, a regime that is strongly distinct from conventional ferromagnets. Together with symmetry analysis, our data suggest a semimetallic Fermi surface composed of two Weyl points, with a giant separation of more than 75% of the linear dimension of the bulk Brillouin zone, and no other electronic states. Using state-of-the-art crystal-synthesis techniques, we widely tune the electronic structure, allowing us to annihilate the Weyl state and visualize a unique topological phase diagram exhibiting broad Chern insulating, Weyl semimetallic and magnetic semiconducting regions. Our observation of a semimetallic Weyl ferromagnet offers an avenue towards new correlated states and nonlinear phenomena, as well as zero-magnetic-field Weyl spintronic and optical devices. Van der Waals (Cr,Bi)2Te3, synthesized by non-equilibrium molecular beam epitaxy, is characterized by magnetotransport measurements and shown to be a semimetallic Weyl ferromagnet, with Fermi surface composed of two Weyl points and no irrelevant electronic states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Belopolski, Ilya and Watanabe, Ryota and Sato, Yuki and Yoshimi, Ryutaro and Kawamura, Minoru and Nagahama, Soma and Zhao, Yilin and Shao, Sen and Jin, Yuanjun and Kato, Yoshihiro and Okamura, Yoshihiro and Zhang, Xiao-Xiao and Fujishiro, Yukako and Takahashi, Youtarou and Hirschberger, Max and Tsukazaki, Atsushi and Takahashi, Kei S. and Chiu, Ching-Kai and Chang, Guoqing and Kawasaki, Masashi and Nagaosa, Naoto and Tokura, Yoshinori}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08330-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1078-1083}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthesis of a semimetallic weyl ferromagnet with point fermi surface}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in bennu samples. NATURE, 637(8048), 1072-1077. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth1 and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System2,3. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments4, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission5. These include sodium-bearing phosphates and sodium-rich carbonates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides formed during evaporation of a late-stage brine that existed early in the history of Bennu’s parent body. Discovery of diverse salts would not be possible without mission sample return and careful curation and storage, because these decompose with prolonged exposure to Earth’s atmosphere. Similar brines probably still occur in the interior of icy bodies Ceres and Enceladus, as indicated by spectra or measurement of sodium carbonate on the surface or in plumes2,3. Samples from the asteroid (101955) Bennu, returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission, include sodium-bearing phosphates and sodium-rich carbonates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides formed during evaporation of a late-stage brine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McCoy, T. J. and Russell, S. S. and Zega, T. J. and Thomas-Keprta, K. L. and Singerling, S. A. and Brenker, F. E. and Timms, N. E. and Rickard, W. D. A. and Barnes, J. J. and Libourel, G. and Ray, S. and Corrigan, C. M. and Haenecour, P. and Gainsforth, Z. and Dominguez, G. and King, A. J. and Keller, L. P. and Thompson, M. S. and Sandford, S. A. and Jones, R. H. and Yurimoto, H. and Righter, K. and Eckley, S. A. and Bland, P. A. and Marcus, M. A. and DellaGiustina, D. N. and Ireland, T. R. and Almeida, N. V. and Harrison, C. S. and Bates, H. C. and Schofield, P. F. and Seifert, L. B. and Sakamoto, N. and Kawasaki, N. and Jourdan, F. and Reddy, S. M. and Saxey, D. W. and Ong, I. J. and Prince, B. S. and Ishimaru, K. and Smith, L. R. and Benner, M. C. and Kerrison, N. A. and Portail, M. and Guigoz, V. and Zanetta, P.-M. and Wardell, L. R. and Gooding, T. and Rose, T. R. and Salge, T. and Le, L. and Tu, V. M. and Zeszut, Z. and Mayers, C. and Sun, X. and Hill, D. H. and Lunning, N. G. and Hamilton, V. E. and Glavin, D. P. and Dworkin, J. P. and Kaplan, H. H. and Franchi, I. A. and Tait, K. T. and Tachibana, S. and Connolly, H. C. and Lauretta, D. S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08495-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1072-1077}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in bennu samples}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The human cell atlas from a cell census to a unified foundation model. NATURE, 637(8048), 1065-1071. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With the convergence of notable advances in molecular and spatial profiling methods and new computational approaches taking advantage of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the construction of cell atlases is progressing from data collection to atlas integration and beyond. Here, we explore five ways in which cell atlases, including the Human Cell Atlas, are already revealing valuable biological insights, and how they are poised to provide even greater benefits in the coming years. In particular, we discuss cell atlases as censuses of cells; as 3D maps of cells in the body, across modalities and scales; as maps connecting genotype causes to phenotype effects; as 4D maps of development; and, ultimately, as foundation models of biology unifying all of these aspects and helping to transform medicine. This Perspective explores five ways in which cell atlases are revealing valuable biological insights, and how they are poised to provide considerable benefits in the coming years.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rood, Jennifer E. and Wynne, Samantha and Robson, Lucia and Hupalowska, Anna and Randell, John and Teichmann, Sarah A. and Regev, Aviv}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08338-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1065-1071}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The human cell atlas from a cell census to a unified foundation model}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Imaging reveals how plants cope with salt. NATURE, 637(8048), 1062-1063. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A groundbreaking imaging method for tracking salt inside plant cells has rewritten knowledge of how roots handle toxic levels of sodium ions. The findings might aid efforts to boost plant resilience to stress driven by high levels of salt. Imaging insights into how plants handle toxic levels of sodium ions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Testerink, Christa and van der Ent, Antony}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04213-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1062-1063}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Imaging reveals how plants cope with salt}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). No parent–child conflicts about when young cichlid fish leave home. NATURE, 637(8048), 1061. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Behavioural experiments in shell-dwelling cichlid fish reveal evolutionary adaptations in parents and offspring that control the timing of emergence from the nest. Parents and offspring have synchronised schedule for nest emergence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Holly}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00156-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1061}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {No parent–child conflicts about when young cichlid fish leave home}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dipoles disordered by design to increase capacity of energy-storage devices. NATURE, 637(8048), 1060-1062. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Energy-storage devices called capacitors deliver power rapidly, but the amount of energy they can absorb is limited. Deliberately disordered electric dipoles in ‘antiferroelectric’ capacitor materials could solve this problem. Antiferroelectric materials engineered for use in capacitors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Behera, Piush and Cheema, Suraj S.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00085-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1060-1062}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dipoles disordered by design to increase capacity of energy-storage devices}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Women were at the centre of social networks in iron age britain. NATURE, 637(8048), 1058-1059. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Evidence from 2,000-year-old DNA reveals that women in Celtic society stayed in their ancestral communities after marriage, whereas men were mobile, and that the southern coast of Britain was a hotspot for cultural exchange. Matrilocal societies in Iron Age Britain.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04214-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1058-1059}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Women were at the centre of social networks in iron age britain}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Asteroid bennu contains salts from ancient brine. NATURE, 637(8048), 1056-1058. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A space mission to an asteroid has returned extremely delicate salts not previously observed in extraterrestrial materials. An analysis of these salts helps to establish the history of water in the early Solar System. Evidence that water evaporated out of the building blocks of planets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sekine, Yasuhito}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00084-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1056-1058}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Asteroid bennu contains salts from ancient brine}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Octopuses changing colour rapidly incur a high metabolic cost. NATURE, 637(8048), 1055-1056. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Colour change in animals can occur over different timescales and aids communication and camouflage. Direct evidence of the associated energetic costs has been lacking, but now an experimental study of octopuses fills this gap. Direct evidence for the energetic costs of changing colour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Duarte, Rafael C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00080-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1055-1056}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Octopuses changing colour rapidly incur a high metabolic cost}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Industrial projects in chile threaten clear views of the universe. NATURE, 637(8048), 1053. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lavandero, Sergio}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00252-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1053}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Industrial projects in chile threaten clear views of the universe}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Withdrawing funds from US vaccination programmes will worsen crisis of trust in public-health science. NATURE, 637(8048), 1053. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kasstan-Dabush, Ben and Gur-Arie, Rachel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00253-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1053}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Withdrawing funds from US vaccination programmes will worsen crisis of trust in public-health science}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Canada’s postgraduate funding gap is still yawning even after budget increases. NATURE, 637(8048), 1053. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tai, Lee-Hwa}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00254-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1053}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Canada’s postgraduate funding gap is still yawning even after budget increases}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). India’s ‘One nation’ publishing agreement is transformational — But beware inequities. NATURE, 637(8048), 1053. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Biswas, Asim and Paramanik, Bappa and Chakraborty, Somsubhra and Patra, Ashok K.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00255-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1053}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {India’s ‘One nation’ publishing agreement is transformational — But beware inequities}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why farmers are beginning to take their government to court over climate change. NATURE, 637(8048), 1050-1052. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {How a Swiss lawsuit is recasting agriculture’s role in climate policy. How a Swiss lawsuit is recasting agriculture’s role in climate policy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Blattner, Charlotte E. and Finger, Robert and Ingold, Karin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00222-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1050-1052}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why farmers are beginning to take their government to court over climate change}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Stamp out paper mills’ — Science sleuths on how to fight fake research. NATURE, 637(8048), 1047-1050. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A group of scientists who are experts at spotting fraudulent research outline five essential steps to combat industrialized scientific misconduct. A group of scientists who are experts at spotting fraudulent research outline five essential steps to combat industrialized scientific misconduct.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Abalkina, Anna and Aquarius, René and Bik, Elisabeth and Bimler, David and Bishop, Dorothy and Byrne, Jennifer and Cabanac, Guillaume and Day, Adam and Labbé, Cyril and Wise, Nick}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00212-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1047-1050}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Stamp out paper mills’ — Science sleuths on how to fight fake research}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Martin karplus obituary: Theoretical chemist who first simulated proteins using molecular dynamics. NATURE, 637(8048), 1045. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Nobel prizewinner used quantum and molecular mechanics to model the dynamics of complex chemical systems. The Nobel prizewinner used quantum and molecular mechanics to model the dynamics of complex chemical systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {MacKerell, Alex}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00174-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1045}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Martin karplus obituary: Theoretical chemist who first simulated proteins using molecular dynamics}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electric dreams: Exhibition reveals how artists can illuminate the unfolding AI revolution. NATURE, 637(8048), 1043-1044. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artwork created between 1945 and the 1990s captures a world in the throes of sweeping technological change. Artwork created between 1945 and the 1990s captures a world in the throes of sweeping technological change.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sreevatsan, Ajai}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00219-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1043-1044}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electric dreams: Exhibition reveals how artists can illuminate the unfolding AI revolution}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a boy from the bronx unearthed the workings of the universe. NATURE, 637(8048), 1041-1043. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg’s posthumously published memoir details a swashbuckling life in physics. Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg’s posthumously published memoir details a swashbuckling life in physics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Farmelo, Graham}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00218-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1041-1043}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a boy from the bronx unearthed the workings of the universe}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Dark proteins’ hiding in our cells could hold clues to cancer and other diseases. NATURE, 637(8048), 1038-1040. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The human genome encodes potentially thousands of tiny proteins that were previously overlooked. The search is on to find out what they do. The human genome encodes potentially thousands of tiny proteins that were previously overlooked. The search is on to find out what they do.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00217-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1038-1040}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Dark proteins’ hiding in our cells could hold clues to cancer and other diseases}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Did giant ice age beasts carve these vast caves in south america?. NATURE, 637(8048), 1036-1037. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are investigating who — or what — cut ancient tunnels in sandstone in Brazil and nearby nations. Researchers are investigating who — or what — cut ancient tunnels in sandstone in Brazil and nearby nations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rodrigues, Meghie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00216-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1036-1037}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Did giant ice age beasts carve these vast caves in south america?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Obesity drugs: Huge study identifies new health risks. NATURE, 637(8048), 1034. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Weight-loss medicines such as Ozempic might raise a person’s likelihood of developing conditions including arthritis. Weight-loss medicines such as Ozempic might raise a person’s likelihood of developing conditions including arthritis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00173-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1034}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Obesity drugs: Huge study identifies new health risks}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why fires spread quickly in modern cities — And how to slow them down. NATURE, 637(8048), 1032-1033. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In the aftermath of deadly blazes in Los Angeles, researchers also suggest ways to make homes more resilient. Research also suggests how to make homes more resilient in the aftermath of California’s deadly blazes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00141-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1032-1033}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why fires spread quickly in modern cities — And how to slow them down}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum stock whiplash: What’s next for quantum computing?. NATURE, 637(8048), 1031-1032. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite stock-market jitters, firms in the sector continue to make progress — and to score hundreds of millions of dollars in investments. Despite stock-market jitters, firms in the sector continue to make progress — and to score hundreds of millions of dollars in investments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00196-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1031-1032}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum stock whiplash: What’s next for quantum computing?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RNA molecule rejuvenates ageing mice by restoring old cells. NATURE, 637(8048), 1030-1031. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mice injected with a microRNA molecule lived longer and had fewer markers of ageing, but it’s not yet known if the treatment would work in people. Mice injected with a microRNA molecule lived longer and had fewer markers of ageing, but it’s not yet known if the treatment would work in people.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Simms, Chris}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00032-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1030-1031}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RNA molecule rejuvenates ageing mice by restoring old cells}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump’s science advisers: How they could influence his second presidency. NATURE, 637(8048), 1029-1030. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The president-elect quickly nominated confidantes with a focus on AI, but their recommendations for the rest of science remain unclear. The president-elect quickly nominated confidantes with a focus on AI, but their recommendations for the rest of science remain unclear.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00132-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1029-1030}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump’s science advisers: How they could influence his second presidency}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What trump’s flurry of executive orders means for science. NATURE, 637(8048), 1027-1028. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The new president has signed decrees designed to shift the US government’s stance on climate and public health. The new president has signed decrees designed to shift the US government’s stance on climate and public health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garisto, Dan and Kozlov, Max and Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00197-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1027-1028}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What trump’s flurry of executive orders means for science}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The surprising link between muscle and the reproductive system. NATURE, 637(8048), 1025. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Myostatin, which blocks muscle development, unexpectedly has an effect on ovulation in female mice. Myostatin, which blocks muscle development, unexpectedly has an effect on ovulation in female mice.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00129-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1025}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The surprising link between muscle and the reproductive system}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). All together now: Chimps engage in contagious peeing. NATURE, 637(8048), 1025. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {If one animal urinates, others are likely follow, according to a study of captive apes. If one animal urinates, others are likely follow, according to a study of captive apes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00130-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1025}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {All together now: Chimps engage in contagious peeing}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Seaweed farms dish up climate benefits. NATURE, 637(8048), 1025. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {First estimate of its type shows that cultivated seaweed beds can accumulate as much carbon as some natural ecosystems. First estimate of its type shows that cultivated seaweed beds can accumulate as much carbon as some natural ecosystems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00131-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1025}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Seaweed farms dish up climate benefits}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Rubbish under the floorboards exposes secret snacking in colonial australia. NATURE, 637(8048), 1025. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Seeds, fruit stones and other remnants hidden in a Sydney barracks in the nineteenth century show residents’ deviation from the standard diet. Seeds, fruit stones and other remnants hidden in a Sydney barracks in the nineteenth century show residents’ deviation from the standard diet.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00164-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1025}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Rubbish under the floorboards exposes secret snacking in colonial australia}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why more drilling doesn’t need to mean more harm to the environment. NATURE, 637(8048), 1023. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Looking at energy systems from resource extraction to end-use, not just individual components, can help. Looking at energy systems from resource extraction to end-use, not just individual components, can help.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baka, Jennifer}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00215-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1023}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why more drilling doesn’t need to mean more harm to the environment}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A shout-out for AI studies that don’t make the headlines. NATURE, 637(8048), 1022. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a year that will see many AI achievements and battles, let’s not forget that not all AI research makes the front pages. In a year that will see many AI achievements and battles, let’s not forget that not all AI research makes the front pages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00214-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1022}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A shout-out for AI studies that don’t make the headlines}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Humanity needs to diversify its lithium sources. NATURE, 637(8048), 1021-1022. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The low-carbon transition needs batteries. And those need lithium. Fortunately, the metal is abundant, and science is getting better at finding, extracting and processing it. The low-carbon transition needs batteries. And those need lithium. Fortunately, the metal is abundant, and science is getting better at finding, extracting and processing it.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00213-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8048}, pages = {1021-1022}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Humanity needs to diversify its lithium sources}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Progressive plasticity during colorectal cancer metastasis. NATURE, 637(8047), E28. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moorman, Andrew and Benitez, Elizabeth K. and Cambuli, Francesco and Jiang, Qingwen and Mahmoud, Ahmed and Lumish, Melissa and Hartner, Saskia and Balkaran, Sasha and Bermeo, Jonathan and Asawa, Simran and Firat, Canan and Saxena, Asha and Wu, Fan and Luthra, Anisha and Burdziak, Cassandra and Xie, Yubin and Sgambati, Valeria and Luckett, Kathleen and Li, Yanyun and Yi, Zhifan and Masilionis, Ignas and Soares, Kevin and Pappou, Emmanouil and Yaeger, Rona and Kingham, T. Peter and Jarnagin, William and Paty, Philip B. and Weiser, Martin R. and Mazutis, Linas and D’Angelica, Michael and Shia, Jinru and Garcia-Aguilar, Julio and Nawy, Tal and Hollmann, Travis J. and Chaligné, Ronan and Sanchez-Vega, Francisco and Sharma, Roshan and Pe’er, Dana and Ganesh, Karuna}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08560-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {E28}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Progressive plasticity during colorectal cancer metastasis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Common and rare variant associations with clonal haematopoiesis phenotypes. NATURE, 637(8047), E27. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kessler, Michael D. and Damask, Amy and O’Keeffe, Sean and Banerjee, Nilanjana and Li, Dadong and Watanabe, Kyoko and Marketta, Anthony and Van Meter, Michael and Semrau, Stefan and Horowitz, Julie and Tang, Jing and Kosmicki, Jack A. and Rajagopal, Veera M. and Zou, Yuxin and Houvras, Yariv and Ghosh, Arkopravo and Gillies, Christopher and Mbatchou, Joelle and White, Ryan R. and Verweij, Niek and Bovijn, Jonas and Parikshak, Neelroop N. and LeBlanc, Michelle G. and Jones, Marcus and Glass, David J. and Lotta, Luca A. and Cantor, Michael N. and Atwal, Gurinder S. and Locke, Adam E. and Ferreira, Manuel A. R. and Deering, Raquel and Paulding, Charles and Shuldiner, Alan R. and Thurston, Gavin and Ferrando, Adolfo A. and Salerno, Will and Reid, Jeffrey G. and Overton, John D. and Marchini, Jonathan and Kang, Hyun M. and Baras, Aris and Abecasis, Gonçalo R. and Jorgenson, Eric}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08572-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {E27}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Common and rare variant associations with clonal haematopoiesis phenotypes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: A deep catalogue of protein-coding variation in 983,578 individuals. NATURE, 637(8047), E26. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Kathie Y. and Bai, Xiaodong and Chen, Siying and Bao, Suying and Zhang, Chuanyi and Kapoor, Manav and Backman, Joshua and Joseph, Tyler and Maxwell, Evan and Mitra, George and Gorovits, Alexander and Mansfield, Adam and Boutkov, Boris and Gokhale, Sujit and Habegger, Lukas and Marcketta, Anthony and Locke, Adam E. and Ganel, Liron and Hawes, Alicia and Kessler, Michael D. and Sharma, Deepika and Staples, Jeffrey and Bovijn, Jonas and Gelfman, Sahar and Di Gioia, Alessandro and Rajagopal, Veera M. and Lopez, Alexander and Varela, Jennifer Rico and Alegre-Díaz, Jesús and Berumen, Jaime and Tapia-Conyer, Roberto and Kuri-Morales, Pablo and Torres, Jason and Emberson, Jonathan and Collins, Rory and Cantor, Michael and Thornton, Timothy and Kang, Hyun Min and Overton, John D. and Shuldiner, Alan R. and Cremona, M. Laura and Nafde, Mona and Baras, Aris and Abecasis, Gonçalo and Marchini, Jonathan and Reid, Jeffrey G. and Salerno, William and Balasubramanian, Suganthi}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08571-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {E26}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: A deep catalogue of protein-coding variation in 983,578 individuals}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Ab initio characterization of protein molecular dynamics with AI2BMD. NATURE, 637(8047), E25. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Tong and He, Xinheng and Li, Mingyu and Li, Yatao and Bi, Ran and Wang, Yusong and Cheng, Chaoran and Shen, Xiangzhen and Meng, Jiawei and Zhang, He and Liu, Haiguang and Wang, Zun and Li, Shaoning and Shao, Bin and Liu, Tie-Yan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08556-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {E25}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Ab initio characterization of protein molecular dynamics with AI2BMD}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Oxidative cyclization reagents reveal tryptophan cation–π interactions. NATURE, 637(8047), E24. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xie, Xiao and Moon, Patrick J. and Crossley, Steven W. M. and Bischoff, Amanda J. and He, Dan and Li, Gen and Dao, Nam and Gonzalez-Valero, Angel and Reeves, Audrey G. and McKenna, Jeffrey M. and Elledge, Susanna K. and Wells, James A. and Toste, F. Dean and Chang, Christopher J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08558-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {E24}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Oxidative cyclization reagents reveal tryptophan cation–π interactions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). I explore the impact of wildfires on hawaii’s coral reefs. NATURE, 637(8047), 1014. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Oceanographer Andrea Kealoha studies how the devastating Lahaina wildfire of 2023 affected the coral systems of Maui. Oceanographer Andrea Kealoha studies how the devastating Lahaina wildfire of 2023 affected the coral systems of Maui.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nogrady, Bianca}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00076-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {1014}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {I explore the impact of wildfires on hawaii’s coral reefs}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Self-driving laboratories, advanced immunotherapies and five more technologies to watch in 2025. NATURE, 637(8047), 1008-1011. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sustainability and artificial intelligence dominate our seventh annual round-up of exciting innovations. Sustainability and artificial intelligence dominate our seventh annual round-up of exciting innovations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Eisenstein, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00075-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {1008-1011}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Self-driving laboratories, advanced immunotherapies and five more technologies to watch in 2025}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science on the go: Bringing labs into the field. NATURE, 637(8047), 1005-1007. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {‘Lab vans’ and other facilities can bring researchers closer to what they study. ‘Lab vans’ and other facilities can bring researchers closer to what they study.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Docter-Loeb, Hannah}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00074-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {1005-1007}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science on the go: Bringing labs into the field}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Conformational protection of molybdenum nitrogenase by shethna protein II. NATURE, 637(8047), 998-1004. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The oxygen-sensitive molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii is protected from oxidative damage by a reversible ‘switch-off’ mechanism1. It forms a complex with a small ferredoxin, FeSII (ref. 2) or the ‘Shethna protein II’3, which acts as an O2 sensor and associates with the two component proteins of nitrogenase when its [2Fe:2S] cluster becomes oxidized4,5. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of the protective ternary complex of the catalytic subunit of Mo-nitrogenase, its cognate reductase and the FeSII protein, determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The dimeric FeSII protein associates with two copies of each component to assemble a 620 kDa core complex that then polymerizes into large, filamentous structures. This complex is catalytically inactive, but the enzyme components are quickly released and reactivated upon oxygen depletion. The first step in complex formation is the association of FeSII with the more O2-sensitive Fe protein component of nitrogenase during sudden oxidative stress. The action of this small ferredoxin represents a straightforward means of protection from O2 that may be crucial for the maintenance of recombinant nitrogenase in food crops. A small ferredoxin (Shethna protein II) of Azotobacter vinelandii can provide protection from O2 stress that may be crucial for the maintenance of recombinant nitrogenase in food crops.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Franke, Philipp and Freiberger, Simon and Zhang, Lin and Einsle, Oliver}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08355-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {998-1004}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Conformational protection of molybdenum nitrogenase by shethna protein II}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Structural basis for the conformational protection of nitrogenase from o2. NATURE, 637(8047), 991-997. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The low reduction potentials required for the reduction of dinitrogen (N2) render metal-based nitrogen-fixation catalysts vulnerable to irreversible damage by dioxygen (O2)1–3. Such O2 sensitivity represents a major conundrum for the enzyme nitrogenase, as a large fraction of nitrogen-fixing organisms are either obligate aerobes or closely associated with O2-respiring organisms to support the high energy demand of catalytic N2 reduction4. To counter O2 damage to nitrogenase, diazotrophs use O2 scavengers, exploit compartmentalization or maintain high respiration rates to minimize intracellular O2 concentrations4–8. A last line of damage control is provided by the ‘conformational protection’ mechanism9, in which a [2Fe:2S] ferredoxin-family protein termed FeSII (ref. 10) is activated under O2 stress to form an O2-resistant complex with the nitrogenase component proteins11,12. Despite previous insights, the molecular basis for the conformational O2 protection of nitrogenase and the mechanism of FeSII activation are not understood. Here we report the structural characterization of the Azotobacter vinelandii FeSII–nitrogenase complex by cryo-electron microscopy. Our studies reveal a core complex consisting of two molybdenum–iron proteins (MoFePs), two iron proteins (FePs) and one FeSII homodimer, which polymerize into extended filaments. In this three-protein complex, FeSII mediates an extensive network of interactions with MoFeP and FeP to position their iron–sulphur clusters in catalytically inactive but O2-protected states. The architecture of the FeSII–nitrogenase complex is confirmed by solution studies, which further indicate that the activation of FeSII involves an oxidation-induced conformational change. Cryo-electron microscopy of Azotobacter vinelandii FeSII–nitrogenase reveals a core complex of molybdenum–iron proteins (MoFePs), iron proteins (FePs) and FeSII, in which FeSII mediates interactions with MoFeP and FeP to position their FeS clusters in catalytically inactive but O2-protected states.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Narehood, Sarah M. and Cook, Brian D. and Srisantitham, Suppachai and Eng, Vanessa H. and Shiau, Angela A. and McGuire, Kelly L. and Britt, R. David and Herzik, Mark A. and Tezcan, F. Akif}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08311-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {991-997}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Structural basis for the conformational protection of nitrogenase from o2}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). In situ analysis reveals the TRiC duty cycle and PDCD5 as an open-state cofactor. NATURE, 637(8047), 983-990. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ring-shaped chaperonin T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC; also known as chaperonin containing TCP-1, CCT) is an ATP-driven protein-folding machine that is essential for maintenance of cellular homeostasis1,2. Its dysfunction is related to cancer and neurodegenerative disease3,4. Despite its importance, how TRiC works in the cell remains unclear. Here we structurally analysed the architecture, conformational dynamics and spatial organization of the chaperonin TRiC in human cells using cryo-electron tomography. We resolved distinctive open, closed, substrate-bound and prefoldin-associated states of TRiC, and reconstructed its duty cycle in situ. The substrate-bound open and symmetrically closed TRiC states were equally abundant. Closed TRiC containing substrate forms distinctive clusters, indicative of spatial organization. Translation inhibition did not fundamentally change the distribution of duty cycle intermediates, but reduced substrate binding for all states as well as cluster formation. From our in-cell structures, we identified the programmed cell death protein 5 (PDCD5) as an interactor that specifically binds to almost all open but not closed TRiC, in a position that is compatible with both substrate and prefoldin binding. Our data support a model in which TRiC functions at near full occupancy to fold newly synthesized proteins inside cells. Defining the TRiC cycle and function inside cells lays the foundation to understand its dysfunction during cancer and neurodegeneration. TRiC functions at near full occupancy to fold newly synthesized proteins inside cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xing, Huaipeng and Rosenkranz, Remus R. E. and Rodriguez-Aliaga, Piere and Lee, Ting-Ting and Majtner, Tomáš and Böhm, Stefanie and Turoňová, Beata and Frydman, Judith and Beck, Martin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08321-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {983-990}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {In situ analysis reveals the TRiC duty cycle and PDCD5 as an open-state cofactor}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity. NATURE, 637(8047), 974-982. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression1–3. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation4–10 and dopaminylation9,11–13 of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour. We found that H3Q5his, in contrast to H3Q5ser, inhibits the binding of WDR5, a core member of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, thereby antagonizing methyltransferase activities on H3K4. Taken together, these data elucidate a mechanism through which a single chromatin regulatory enzyme has the ability to sense chemical microenvironments to affect the epigenetic states of cells, the dynamics of which have critical roles in the regulation of neural rhythmicity. TG2 functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including histaminylation of Gln5 of histone H3.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zheng, Qingfei and Weekley, Benjamin H. and Vinson, David A. and Zhao, Shuai and Bastle, Ryan M. and Thompson, Robert E. and Stransky, Stephanie and Ramakrishnan, Aarthi and Cunningham, Ashley M. and Dutta, Sohini and Chan, Jennifer C. and Di Salvo, Giuseppina and Chen, Min and Zhang, Nan and Wu, Jinghua and Fulton, Sasha L. and Kong, Lingchun and Wang, Haifeng and Zhang, Baichao and Vostal, Lauren and Upad, Akhil and Dierdorff, Lauren and Shen, Li and Molina, Henrik and Sidoli, Simone and Muir, Tom W. and Li, Haitao and David, Yael and Maze, Ian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08371-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {974-982}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A foundation model of transcription across human cell types. NATURE, 637(8047), 965-973. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Transcriptional regulation, which involves a complex interplay between regulatory sequences and proteins, directs all biological processes. Computational models of transcription lack generalizability to accurately extrapolate to unseen cell types and conditions. Here we introduce GET (general expression transformer), an interpretable foundation model designed to uncover regulatory grammars across 213 human fetal and adult cell types1,2. Relying exclusively on chromatin accessibility data and sequence information, GET achieves experimental-level accuracy in predicting gene expression even in previously unseen cell types3. GET also shows remarkable adaptability across new sequencing platforms and assays, enabling regulatory inference across a broad range of cell types and conditions, and uncovers universal and cell-type-specific transcription factor interaction networks. We evaluated its performance in prediction of regulatory activity, inference of regulatory elements and regulators, and identification of physical interactions between transcription factors and found that it outperforms current models4 in predicting lentivirus-based massively parallel reporter assay readout5,6. In fetal erythroblasts7, we identified distal (greater than 1 Mbp) regulatory regions that were missed by previous models, and, in B cells, we identified a lymphocyte-specific transcription factor–transcription factor interaction that explains the functional significance of a leukaemia risk predisposing germline mutation8–10. In sum, we provide a generalizable and accurate model for transcription together with catalogues of gene regulation and transcription factor interactions, all with cell type specificity. A foundation model learns transcriptional regulatory syntax from chromatin accessibility and sequence data across a range of cell types to predict gene expression and transcription factor interactions, with generalizability to unseen cell types.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fu, Xi and Mo, Shentong and Buendia, Alejandro and Laurent, Anouchka P. and Shao, Anqi and Alvarez-Torres, Maria del Mar and Yu, Tianji and Tan, Jimin and Su, Jiayu and Sagatelian, Romella and Ferrando, Adolfo A. and Ciccia, Alberto and Lan, Yanyan and Owens, David M. and Palomero, Teresa and Xing, Eric P. and Rabadan, Raul}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08391-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {965-973}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A foundation model of transcription across human cell types}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis. NATURE, 637(8047), 955-964. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Focal gene amplifications are among the most common cancer-associated mutations1 but have proven challenging to engineer in primary cells and model organisms. Here we describe a general strategy to engineer large (more than 1 Mbp) focal amplifications mediated by extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs)2 in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in cells and in mice. By coupling ecDNA formation with expression of selectable markers, we track the dynamics of ecDNA-containing cells under physiological conditions and in the presence of specific selective pressures. We also apply this approach to generate mice harbouring Cre-inducible Myc- and Mdm2-containing ecDNAs analogous to those occurring in human cancers. We show that the engineered ecDNAs spontaneously accumulate in primary cells derived from these animals, promoting their proliferation, immortalization and transformation. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of Mdm2-containing ecDNAs to promote tumour formation in an autochthonous mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings offer insights into the role of ecDNA-mediated gene amplifications in tumorigenesis. We anticipate that this approach will be valuable for investigating further unresolved aspects of ecDNA biology and for developing new preclinical immunocompetent mouse models of human cancers harbouring specific focal gene amplifications. Large extrachromosomal DNAs are engineered using a CRISPR- and Cre–loxP-based approach and shown to drive cancer in mouse models, with potential applications in determining the role of oncogene amplifications in human cancers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pradella, Davide and Zhang, Minsi and Gao, Rui and Yao, Melissa A. and Gluchowska, Katarzyna M. and Cendon-Florez, Ylenia and Mishra, Tanmay and La Rocca, Gaspare and Weigl, Moritz and Jiao, Ziqi and Nguyen, Hieu H. M. and Lisi, Marta and Ozimek, Mateusz M. and Mastroleo, Chiara and Chen, Kevin and Grimm, Felix and Luebeck, Jens and Zhang, Shu and Zolli, Andrea Alice and Sun, Eric G. and Dameracharla, Bhargavi and Zhao, Zhengqiao and Pritykin, Yuri and Sigel, Carlie and Chang, Howard Y. and Mischel, Paul S. and Bafna, Vineet and Antonescu, Cristina R. and Ventura, Andrea}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08318-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {955-964}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Progressive plasticity during colorectal cancer metastasis. NATURE, 637(8047), 947-954. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As cancers progress, they become increasingly aggressive—metastatic tumours are less responsive to first-line therapies than primary tumours, they acquire resistance to successive therapies and eventually cause death1,2. Mutations are largely conserved between primary and metastatic tumours from the same patients, suggesting that non-genetic phenotypic plasticity has a major role in cancer progression and therapy resistance3–5. However, we lack an understanding of metastatic cell states and the mechanisms by which they transition. Here, in a cohort of biospecimen trios from same-patient normal colon, primary and metastatic colorectal cancer, we show that, although primary tumours largely adopt LGR5+ intestinal stem-like states, metastases display progressive plasticity. Cancer cells lose intestinal cell identities and reprogram into a highly conserved fetal progenitor state before undergoing non-canonical differentiation into divergent squamous and neuroendocrine-like states, a process that is exacerbated in metastasis and by chemotherapy and is associated with poor patient survival. Using matched patient-derived organoids, we demonstrate that metastatic cells exhibit greater cell-autonomous multilineage differentiation potential in response to microenvironment cues compared with their intestinal lineage-restricted primary tumour counterparts. We identify PROX1 as a repressor of non-intestinal lineage in the fetal progenitor state, and show that downregulation of PROX1 licenses non-canonical reprogramming. Colorectal cancer metastasis involves dramatic plasticity and loss of PROX1-mediated repression of non-intestinal lineages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Moorman, Andrew and Benitez, Elizabeth K. and Cambulli, Francesco and Jiang, Qingwen and Mahmoud, Ahmed and Lumish, Melissa and Hartner, Saskia and Balkaran, Sasha and Bermeo, Jonathan and Asawa, Simran and Firat, Canan and Saxena, Asha and Wu, Fan and Luthra, Anisha and Burdziak, Cassandra and Xie, Yubin and Sgambati, Valeria and Luckett, Kathleen and Li, Yanyun and Yi, Zhifan and Masilionis, Ignas and Soares, Kevin and Pappou, Emmanouil and Yaeger, Rona and Kingham, T. Peter and Jarnagin, William and Paty, Philip B. and Weiser, Martin R. and Mazutis, Linas and D’Angelica, Michael and Shia, Jinru and Garcia-Aguilar, Julio and Nawy, Tal and Hollmann, Travis J. and Chaligné, Ronan and Sanchez-Vega, Francisco and Sharma, Roshan and Pe’er, Dana and Ganesh, Karuna}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08150-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {947-954}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Progressive plasticity during colorectal cancer metastasis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Interleukin-15-armoured GPC3 CAR t cells for patients with solid cancers. NATURE, 637(8047), 940-946. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Interleukin-15 (IL-15) promotes the survival of T lymphocytes and enhances the antitumour properties of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in preclinical models of solid neoplasms in which CAR T cells have limited efficacy1–4. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed in a group of solid cancers5–10, and here we report the evaluation in humans of the effects of IL-15 co-expression on GPC3-expressing CAR T cells (hereafter GPC3 CAR T cells). Cohort 1 patients ( NCT02905188 and NCT02932956 ) received GPC3 CAR T cells, which were safe but produced no objective antitumour responses and reached peak expansion at 2 weeks. Cohort 2 patients ( NCT05103631 and NCT04377932 ) received GPC3 CAR T cells that co-expressed IL-15 (15.CAR), which mediated significantly increased cell expansion and induced a disease control rate of 66% and antitumour response rate of 33%. Infusion of 15.CAR T cells was associated with increased incidence of cytokine release syndrome, which was controlled with IL-1/IL-6 blockade or rapidly ameliorated by activation of the inducible caspase 9 safety switch. Compared with non-responders, tumour-infiltrating 15.CAR T cells from responders showed repression of SWI/SNF epigenetic regulators and upregulation of FOS and JUN family members, as well as of genes related to type I interferon signalling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL-15 increases the expansion, intratumoural survival and antitumour activity of GPC3 CAR T cells in patients. We evaluate the effects in humans of interleukin-15 co-expression on glypican-3 (GPC3) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and demonstrate that IL-15 increases the expansion, intratumoural survival and antitumour activity of GPC3 (expressed in a group of solid cancers) CAR T cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Steffin, David and Ghatwai, Nisha and Montalbano, Antonino and Rathi, Purva and Courtney, Amy N. and Arnett, Azlann B. and Fleurence, Julien and Sweidan, Ramy and Wang, Tao and Zhang, Huimin and Masand, Prakash and Maris, John M. and Martinez, Daniel and Pogoriler, Jennifer and Varadarajan, Navin and Thakkar, Sachin G. and Lyon, Deborah and Lapteva, Natalia and Zhuyong, Mei and Patel, Kalyani and Lopez-Terrada, Dolores and Ramos, Carlos A. and Lulla, Premal and Armaghany, Tannaz and Grilley, Bambi J. and Gottschalk, Stephen and Dotti, Gianpietro and Metelitsa, Leonid S. and Heslop, Helen E. and Brenner, Malcolm K. and Sumazin, Pavel and Heczey, Andras}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08261-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {940-946}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Interleukin-15-armoured GPC3 CAR t cells for patients with solid cancers}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Central control of dynamic gene circuits governs t cell rest and activation. NATURE, 637(8047), 930-939. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The ability of cells to maintain distinct identities and respond to transient environmental signals requires tightly controlled regulation of gene networks1–3. These dynamic regulatory circuits that respond to extracellular cues in primary human cells remain poorly defined. The need for context-dependent regulation is prominent in T cells, where distinct lineages must respond to diverse signals to mount effective immune responses and maintain homeostasis4–8. Here we performed CRISPR screens in multiple primary human CD4+ T cell contexts to identify regulators that control expression of IL-2Rα, a canonical marker of T cell activation transiently expressed by pro-inflammatory effector T cells and constitutively expressed by anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells where it is required for fitness9–11. Approximately 90% of identified regulators of IL-2Rα had effects that varied across cell types and/or stimulation states, including a subset that even had opposite effects across conditions. Using single-cell transcriptomics after pooled perturbation of context-specific screen hits, we characterized specific factors as regulators of overall rest or activation and constructed state-specific regulatory networks. MED12 — a component of the Mediator complex — serves as a dynamic orchestrator of key regulators, controlling expression of distinct sets of regulators in different T cell contexts. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry revealed that MED12 interacts with the histone methylating COMPASS complex. MED12 was required for histone methylation and expression of genes encoding key context-specific regulators, including the rest maintenance factor KLF2 and the versatile regulator MYC. CRISPR ablation of MED12 blunted the cell-state transitions between rest and activation and protected from activation-induced cell death. Overall, this work leverages CRISPR screens performed across conditions to define dynamic gene circuits required to establish resting and activated T cell states. Resting and activated T cell states are established by context-specific regulators and dynamic gene circuits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Arce, Maya M. and Umhoefer, Jennifer M. and Arang, Nadia and Kasinathan, Sivakanthan and Freimer, Jacob W. and Steinhart, Zachary and Shen, Haolin and Pham, Minh T. N. and Ota, Mineto and Wadhera, Anika and Dajani, Rama and Dorovskyi, Dmytro and Chen, Yan Yi and Liu, Qi and Zhou, Yuan and Swaney, Danielle L. and Obernier, Kirsten and Shy, Brian R. and Carnevale, Julia and Satpathy, Ansuman T. and Krogan, Nevan J. and Pritchard, Jonathan K. and Marson, Alexander}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08314-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {930-939}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Central control of dynamic gene circuits governs t cell rest and activation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Evolving antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic shift from XBB to JN.1. NATURE, 637(8047), 921-929. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence of the BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage replacing XBB, necessitates re-evaluation of vaccine compositions1–3. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the humoral immune response to XBB and JN.1 human exposure. We demonstrate the antigenic distinctiveness of XBB and JN.1 lineages in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals and show that infection with JN.1 elicits superior plasma neutralization against its subvariants. We highlight the strong immune evasion and receptor-binding capability of KP.3, supporting its foreseeable prevalence. Extensive analysis of the B cell receptor repertoire, in which we isolate approximately 2,000 receptor-binding-domain-specific antibodies, with targeting epitopes characterized by deep mutational scanning, underscores the superiority of JN.1-elicited memory B cells4,5. Class 1 IGHV3-53/3-66-derived neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are important contributors to the wild-type reactivity of NAbs against JN.1. However, KP.2 and KP.3 evade a substantial subset of these antibodies, even those induced by JN.1, supporting a need for booster updates. JN.1-induced Omicron-specific antibodies also demonstrate high potency across Omicron. Escape hotspots for these NAbs have already been mutated, resulting in a higher immune barrier to escape and indicating probable recovery of escaped NAbs. In addition, the prevalence of IGHV3-53/3-66-derived antibodies and their ability to compete with all Omicron-specific NAbs suggests that they have an inhibitory effect on the activation of Omicron-specific naive B cells, potentially explaining the heavy immune imprinting in mRNA-vaccinated individuals6–8. These findings delineate the evolving antibody response to the antigenic shift of Omicron from XBB to JN.1 and highlight the importance of developing the JN.1 lineage, especially KP.2- and KP.3-based vaccine boosters. A deep mutational scanning approach identifies mutations that allow subvariants of the prevalent JN.1 SARS-CoV-2 strain to evade Omicron-induced neutralizing antibodies, indicating a need for careful monitoring of this lineage in vaccine development.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jian, Fanchong and Wang, Jing and Yisimayi, Ayijiang and Song, Weiliang and Xu, Yanli and Chen, Xiaosu and Niu, Xiao and Yang, Sijie and Yu, Yuanling and Wang, Peng and Sun, Haiyan and Yu, Lingling and Wang, Yao and An, Ran and Wang, Wenjing and Ma, Miaomiao and Xiao, Tianhe and Gu, Qingqing and Shao, Fei and Wang, Youchun and Shen, Zhongyang and Jin, Ronghua and Cao, Yunlong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08315-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {921-929}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Evolving antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic shift from XBB to JN.1}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dairy cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. NATURE, 637(8047), 913-920. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 haemagglutinin clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in the USA in 2021. These HPAI viruses caused mortality events in poultry, wild birds and wild mammals. On 25 March 2024, HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was confirmed in a dairy cow in Texas in response to a multistate investigation into milk production losses1. More than 200 positive herds were identified in 14 US states. The case description included reduced feed intake and rumen motility in lactating cows, decreased milk production and thick yellow milk2,3. The diagnostic investigation revealed viral RNA in milk and alveolar epithelial degeneration and necrosis and positive immunoreactivity of glandular epithelium in mammary tissue. A single transmission event, probably from birds, was followed by limited local transmission and onward horizontal transmission of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 (ref. 4). Here we sought to experimentally reproduce infection with genotype B3.13 in Holstein yearling heifers and lactating cows. Heifers were inoculated by an aerosol respiratory route and cows by an intramammary route. Clinical disease was mild in heifers, but infection was confirmed by virus detection, lesions and seroconversion. Clinical disease in lactating cows included decreased rumen motility, changes to milk appearance and production losses. Infection was confirmed by high levels of viral RNA detected in milk, virus isolation, lesions in mammary tissue and seroconversion. This study provides the foundation to investigate additional routes of infection, pathogenesis, transmission and intervention strategies. A study describes the experimental infection of cattle with a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 strain using an aerosol respiratory route for heifers and an intramammary route for lactating cows.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Baker, Amy L. and Arruda, Bailey and Palmer, Mitchell V. and Boggiatto, Paola and Sarlo Davila, Kaitlyn and Buckley, Alexandra and Ciacci Zanella, Giovana and Snyder, Celeste A. and Anderson, Tavis K. and Hutter, Carl R. and Nguyen, Thao-Quyen and Markin, Alexey and Lantz, Kristina and Posey, Erin A. and Kim Torchetti, Mia and Robbe-Austerman, Suelee and Magstadt, Drew R. and Gorden, Patrick J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08166-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {913-920}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dairy cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows. NATURE, 637(8047), 903-912. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infections were reported in dairy cows in Texas, USA1. Rapid dissemination to more than 380 farms in 14 states followed2. Here we provide results of two independent clade 2.3.4.4b experimental infection studies evaluating the oronasal susceptibility to and transmission of a US H5N1 bovine isolate, genotype B3.13 (H5N1 B3.13), in calves, and the susceptibility of lactating cows following direct mammary gland inoculation of either H5N1 B3.13 or a current EU H5N1 wild bird isolate, genotype euDG (H5N1 euDG). Inoculation of the calves resulted in moderate nasal replication and shedding with no severe clinical signs or transmission to sentinel calves. In dairy cows, infection resulted in no nasal shedding, but severe acute infection of the mammary gland with necrotizing mastitis and high fever was observed for both H5N1 isolates. Milk production was rapidly and markedly reduced and the physical condition of the cows was severely compromised. Virus titres in milk rapidly peaked at 109 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per ml, but systemic infection did not ensue. Notably, the adaptive mutation E627K emerged in the viral polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) after intramammary replication of H5N1 euDG. Our data suggest that in addition to H5N1 B3.13, other HPAIV H5N1 strains have the potential to replicate in the udder of cows and that milk and milking procedures, rather than respiratory spread, are likely to be the primary routes of H5N1 transmission between cattle. Infection studies on highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 on calves and lactating cows indicate that transmission occurs primarily via milk and milking procedures rather than respiratory routes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Halwe, Nico Joel and Cool, Konner and Breithaupt, Angele and Schön, Jacob and Trujillo, Jessie D. and Nooruzzaman, Mohammed and Kwon, Taeyong and Ahrens, Ann Kathrin and Britzke, Tobias and McDowell, Chester D. and Piesche, Ronja and Singh, Gagandeep and Pinho dos Reis, Vinicius and Kafle, Sujan and Pohlmann, Anne and Gaudreault, Natasha N. and Corleis, Björn and Ferreyra, Franco Matias and Carossino, Mariano and Balasuriya, Udeni B. R. and Hensley, Lisa and Morozov, Igor and Covaleda, Lina M. and Diel, Diego G. and Ulrich, Lorenz and Hoffmann, Donata and Beer, Martin and Richt, Juergen A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08063-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {903-912}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Organ-specific sympathetic innervation defines visceral functions. NATURE, 637(8047), 895-902. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The autonomic nervous system orchestrates the functions of the brain and body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways1. However, our understanding of the autonomic system, especially the sympathetic system, at the cellular and molecular levels is severely limited. Here we show topological representations of individual visceral organs in the major abdominal sympathetic ganglion complex. Using multi-modal transcriptomic analyses, we identified molecularly distinct sympathetic populations in the coeliac–superior mesenteric ganglia (CG–SMG). Of note, individual CG–SMG populations exhibit selective and mutually exclusive axonal projections to visceral organs, targeting either the gastrointestinal tract or secretory areas including the pancreas and bile tract. This combinatorial innervation pattern suggests functional segregation between different CG–SMG populations. Indeed, our neural perturbation experiments demonstrated that one class of neurons regulates gastrointestinal transit, and another class of neurons controls digestion and glucagon secretion independent of gut motility. These results reveal the molecularly diverse sympathetic system and suggest modular regulation of visceral organ functions by sympathetic populations. Multi-modal transcriptomic analyses of the sympathetic nervous system reveal organ-specific neural innervation and modular regulation of visceral functions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Tongtong and Teng, Bochuan and Yao, Dickson R. and Gao, Wei and Oka, Yuki}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08269-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {895-902}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Organ-specific sympathetic innervation defines visceral functions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Site-saturation mutagenesis of 500 human protein domains. NATURE, 637(8047), 885-894. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Missense variants that change the amino acid sequences of proteins cause one-third of human genetic diseases1. Tens of millions of missense variants exist in the current human population, and the vast majority of these have unknown functional consequences. Here we present a large-scale experimental analysis of human missense variants across many different proteins. Using DNA synthesis and cellular selection experiments we quantify the effect of more than 500,000 variants on the abundance of more than 500 human protein domains. This dataset reveals that 60% of pathogenic missense variants reduce protein stability. The contribution of stability to protein fitness varies across proteins and diseases and is particularly important in recessive disorders. We combine stability measurements with protein language models to annotate functional sites across proteins. Mutational effects on stability are largely conserved in homologous domains, enabling accurate stability prediction across entire protein families using energy models. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of assaying human protein variants at scale and provides a large consistent reference dataset for clinical variant interpretation and training and benchmarking of computational methods. Large-scale experimental analysis of Human Domainome 1, a library containing more than 500,000 missense mutation variants across more than 500 human protein domains, reveals that 60% of pathogenic missense variants reduce stability of protein domains.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Beltran, Antoni and Jiang, Xiang’er and Shen, Yue and Lehner, Ben}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08370-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {885-894}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Site-saturation mutagenesis of 500 human protein domains}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Illuminating the multidimensional contributions of small-scale fisheries. NATURE, 637(8047), 875-884. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sustainable development aspires to “leave no one behind”1. Even so, limited attention has been paid to small-scale fisheries (SSF) and their importance in eradicating poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Through a collaborative and multidimensional data-driven approach, we have estimated that SSF provide at least 40% (37.3 million tonnes) of global fisheries catches and 2.3 billion people with, on average, 20% of their dietary intake across six key micronutrients essential for human health. Globally, the livelihood of 1 in every 12 people, nearly half of them women, depends at least partly on small-scale fishing, in total generating 44% (US$77.2 billion) of the economic value of all fisheries landed. Regionally, Asian SSF provide fish, support livelihoods and supply nutrition to the largest number of people. Relative to the total capture of the fisheries sector (comprising large-scale and small-scale fisheries), across all regions, African SSF supply the most catch and nutrition, and SSF in Oceania improve the most livelihoods. Maintaining and increasing these multidimensional SSF contributions to sustainable development requires targeted and effective actions, especially increasing the engagement of fisherfolk in shared management and governance. Without management and governance focused on the multidimensional contributions of SSF, the marginalization of millions of fishers and fishworkers will worsen. A study aimed at revealing the role of small-scale fisheries in sustainable development shows they provide at least 40% of the global fishing catch and affect the livelihoods of 1 in 12 people in the world, among other important contributions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Basurto, Xavier and Gutierrez, Nicolas L. and Franz, Nicole and Mancha-Cisneros, Maria del Mar and Gorelli, Giulia and Aguión, Alba and Funge-Smith, Simon and Harper, Sarah and Mills, Dave J. and Nico, Gianluigi and Tilley, Alex and Vannuccini, Stefania and Virdin, John and Westlund, Lena and Allison, Edward H. and Anderson, Christopher M. and Baio, Andrew and Cinner, Joshua and Fabinyi, Michael and Hicks, Christina C. and Kolding, Jeppe and Melnychuk, Michael C. and Ovando, Daniel and Parma, Ana M. and Robinson, James P. W. and H. Thilsted, Shakuntala}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08448-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {875-884}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Illuminating the multidimensional contributions of small-scale fisheries}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clouds reduce downwelling longwave radiation over land in a warming climate. NATURE, 637(8047), 868-874. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Clouds greatly influence the Earth’s energy balance1,2. Observationally constraining cloud radiative feedback, a notably uncertain climate feedback mechanism3–5, is crucial for improving predictions of climate change5–7 but, so far, remains an elusive objective, and the feedback may be different over the ocean versus over land8–10. Here we show a local negative surface longwave cloud feedback over land at the southern Great Plains site, constrained by direct long-term observation of spectrally resolved downwelling longwave radiance11. This negative cloud feedback at the southern Great Plains site causes a −1.77 ± 1.15 W m−2 per decade change in downwelling longwave radiation and suggests that cloud changes may partially modulate the warming effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations and atmospheric temperatures over land. Specifically, our results are derived from an optimal spectral fingerprinting method12–15 designed to separate surface longwave cloud feedback from other surface forcings and feedbacks, by making use of their unique spectral signatures13–18 in the long-term record of spectrally resolved radiances. Furthermore, we show that the results are not site specific: negative surface longwave cloud feedbacks, primarily induced by decreasing low cloud cover in warming climates, are commonly observed over land in reanalysis and satellite datasets. Our findings establish a pivotal observational benchmark of radiative forcing and feedback needed for validating climate model performance over land. Results derived from an optimal spectral fingerprinting method applied to reanalysis and satellite datasets show that low cloud cover in warming climates caused a reduction in downwelling longwave radiation over land, which is not site specific.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Lei and Huang, Yi and Gyakum, John R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08323-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {868-874}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clouds reduce downwelling longwave radiation over land in a warming climate}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Photochemical permutation of thiazoles, isothiazoles and other azoles. NATURE, 637(8047), 860-867. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Thiazoles and isothiazoles are privileged motifs in drug and agrochemical discovery1,2. The synthesis of these derivatives is generally approached, designed and developed on a case-by-case basis. Sometimes, the lack of robust synthesis methods to a given target can pose considerable difficulties or even thwart the preparation of specific derivatives for further study3,4. Here we report a conceptually different approach in which photochemical irradiation can be used to alter the structure of thiazoles and isothiazoles in a selective and predictable manner. On photoexcitation, these derivatives populate their π,π* singlet excited states that undergo a series of structural rearrangements, leading to an overall permutation of the cyclic system and its substituents. This means that once the initial heteroaromatic scaffold has been prepared, it can then function as an entry point to access other molecules by selective structural permutation. This approach operates under mild photochemical conditions that tolerate many chemically distinct functionalities. Preliminary findings also show the potential for extending this method to other azole systems, including benzo[d]isothiazole, indazole, pyrazole and isoxazole. This strategy establishes photochemical permutation as a powerful and convenient method for the preparation of complex and difficult-to-access derivatives from more available structural isomers. A photochemical method alters thiazole and isothiazole structures predictably that enables selective rearrangements and expanding accessible derivatives, thereby advancing drug and agrochemical discoveries under mild conditions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Roure, Baptiste and Alonso, Maialen and Lonardi, Giovanni and Yildiz, Dilara Berna and Buettner, Cornelia S. and dos Santos, Thiago and Xu, Yan and Bossart, Martin and Derdau, Volker and Méndez, María and Llaveria, Josep and Ruffoni, Alessandro and Leonori, Daniele}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08342-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {860-867}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Photochemical permutation of thiazoles, isothiazoles and other azoles}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Bilayer nanographene reveals halide permeation through a benzene hole. NATURE, 637(8047), 854-859. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Graphene is a single-layered sp2-hybridized carbon allotrope, which is impermeable to all atomic entities other than hydrogen1,2. The introduction of defects allows selective gas permeation3–5; efforts have been made to control the size of these defects for higher selectivity6–9. Permeation of entities other than gases, such as ions10,11, is of fundamental scientific interest because of its potential application in desalination, detection and purification12–16. However, a precise experimental observation of halide permeation has so far remained unknown11,15–18. Here we show halide permeation through a single benzene-sized defect in a molecular nanographene. Using supramolecular principles of self-aggregation, we created a stable bilayer of the nanographene19–23. As the cavity in the bilayer nanographene could be accessed only by two angstrom-sized windows, any halide that gets trapped inside the cavity has to permeate through the single benzene hole. Our experiments reveal the permeability of fluoride, chloride and bromide through a single benzene hole, whereas iodide is impermeable. Evidence for high permeation of chloride across single-layer nanographene and selective halide binding in a bilayer nanographene provides promise for the use of single benzene defects in graphene for artificial halide receptors24,25, as filtration membranes26 and further to create multilayer artificial chloride channels. Halide permeation through a single benzene-sized defect in a molecular nanographene shows the permeability of fluoride, chloride and bromide, whereas iodide is impermeable.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Niyas, M. A. and Shoyama, Kazutaka and Grüne, Matthias and Würthner, Frank}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08299-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {854-859}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Bilayer nanographene reveals halide permeation through a benzene hole}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). All-solid-state Li–S batteries with fast solid–solid sulfur reaction. NATURE, 637(8047), 846-853. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {With promises for high specific energy, high safety and low cost, the all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery (ASSLSB) is ideal for next-generation energy storage1–5. However, the poor rate performance and short cycle life caused by the sluggish solid–solid sulfur redox reaction (SSSRR) at the three-phase boundaries remain to be solved. Here we demonstrate a fast SSSRR enabled by lithium thioborophosphate iodide (LBPSI) glass-phase solid electrolytes (GSEs). On the basis of the reversible redox between I− and I2/I3−, the solid electrolyte (SE)—as well as serving as a superionic conductor—functions as a surficial redox mediator that facilitates the sluggish reactions at the solid–solid two-phase boundaries, thereby substantially increasing the density of active sites. Through this mechanism, the ASSLSB exhibits ultrafast charging capability, showing a high specific capacity of 1,497 mAh g−1sulfur on charging at 2C (30 °C), while still maintaining 784 mAh g−1sulfur at 20C. Notably, a specific capacity of 432 mAh g−1sulfur is achieved on charging at an extreme rate of 150C at 60 °C. Furthermore, the cell demonstrates superior cycling stability over 25,000 cycles with 80.2% capacity retention at 5C (25 °C). We expect that our work on redox-mediated SSSRR will pave the way for developing advanced ASSLSBs that are high energy and safe. By using lithium thioborophosphate iodide glass-phase solid electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries, fast solid–solid sulfur redox reaction is demonstrated, leading to cells with ultrafast charging capability, superior cycling stability and high capacity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Huimin and Münch, Konrad and Liu, Xu and Shen, Kaier and Zhang, Ruizhuo and Weintraut, Timo and Yusim, Yuriy and Jiang, Dequan and Hong, Xufeng and Meng, Jiashen and Liu, Yatao and He, Mengxue and Li, Yitao and Henkel, Philip and Brezesinski, Torsten and Janek, Jürgen and Pang, Quanquan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08298-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {846-853}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {All-solid-state Li–S batteries with fast solid–solid sulfur reaction}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superconductivity in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe2. NATURE, 637(8047), 839-845. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery of superconductivity in twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene1–5 has generated tremendous interest. The key feature of these systems is an interplay between interlayer coupling and a moiré superlattice that gives rise to low-energy flat bands with strong correlations6. Flat bands can also be induced by moiré patterns in lattice-mismatched and/or twisted heterostructures of other two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)7,8. Although a wide range of correlated phenomena have indeed been observed in moiré TMDs9–19, robust demonstration of superconductivity has remained absent9. Here we report superconductivity in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe2 with a maximum critical temperature of 426 mK. The superconducting state appears in a limited region of displacement field and density that is adjacent to a metallic state with a Fermi surface reconstruction believed to arise from AFM order20. A sharp boundary is observed between the superconducting and magnetic phases at low temperature, reminiscent of spin fluctuation-mediated superconductivity21. Our results establish that moiré flat-band superconductivity extends beyond graphene structures. Material properties that are absent in graphene but intrinsic among TMDs, such as a native band gap, large spin–orbit coupling, spin-valley locking and magnetism, offer the possibility of accessing a broader superconducting parameter space than graphene-only structures. We report superconductivity, in a limited region of displacement field and density, in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe2 with a maximum critical temperature of 426 mK, establishing that moiré flat-band superconductivity extends beyond graphene structures.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Yinjie and Pack, Jordan and Swann, Joshua and Holtzman, Luke and Cothrine, Matthew and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Mandrus, David G. and Barmak, Katayun and Hone, James and Millis, Andrew J. and Pasupathy, Abhay and Dean, Cory R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08381-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {839-845}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superconductivity in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe2}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Superconductivity in twisted bilayer WSe2. NATURE, 637(8047), 833-838. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Moiré materials have enabled the realization of flat electron bands and quantum phases that are driven by the strong correlations associated with flat bands1–4. Superconductivity has been observed, but only in graphene moiré materials5–9. The absence of robust superconductivity in moiré materials beyond graphene, such as semiconductor moiré materials4, has remained a mystery and challenged our current understanding of superconductivity in flat bands. Here we report the observation of robust superconductivity in both 3.5° and 3.65° twisted bilayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2), which hosts a hexagonal moiré lattice10,11. Superconductivity emerges near half-band filling and zero external displacement fields. The optimal superconducting transition temperature is about 200 mK in both cases and constitutes about 1–2% of the effective Fermi temperature; the latter is comparable to the value in high-temperature cuprate superconductors12 and suggests strong pairing. The superconductor borders on two distinct metals below and above half-band filling; it undergoes a continuous transition to a correlated insulator by tuning the external displacement field. The observed superconductivity on the verge of Coulomb-induced charge localization suggests roots in strong electron correlations12,13. Robust superconductivity is observed in twisted bilayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) on the verge of Coulomb-induced charge localization around half-band filling and zero external displacement fields.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xia, Yiyu and Han, Zhongdong and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Shan, Jie and Mak, Kin Fai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08116-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {833-838}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Superconductivity in twisted bilayer WSe2}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Long-lived entanglement of molecules in magic-wavelength optical tweezers. NATURE, 637(8047), 827-832. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Realizing quantum control and entanglement of particles is crucial for advancing both quantum technologies and fundamental science. Substantial developments in this domain have been achieved in a variety of systems1–5. In this context, ultracold polar molecules offer new and unique opportunities because of their more complex internal structure associated with vibration and rotation, coupled with the existence of long-range interactions6,7. However, the same properties make molecules highly sensitive to their environment8–10, affecting their coherence and utility in some applications. Here we show that by engineering an exceptionally controlled environment using rotationally magic11,12 optical tweezers, we can achieve long-lived entanglement between pairs of molecules using detectable hertz-scale interactions. We prepare two-molecule Bell states with fidelity $$0.92{4}_{-0.016}^{+0.013}$$ , limited by detectable leakage errors. When correcting for these errors, the fidelity is $$0.97{6}_{-0.016}^{+0.014}$$ . We show that the second-scale entanglement lifetimes are limited solely by these errors, providing opportunities for research in quantum-enhanced metrology7,13, ultracold chemistry14 and the use of rotational states in quantum simulation, quantum computation and as quantum memories. The extension of precise quantum control to complex molecular systems will enable their additional degrees of freedom to be exploited across many domains of quantum science15–17. By engineering an exceptionally controlled environment using rotationally magic optical tweezers, long-lived entanglement between pairs of molecules using detectable hertz-scale interactions can be achieved.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ruttley, Daniel K. and Hepworth, Tom R. and Guttridge, Alexander and Cornish, Simon L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08365-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {827-832}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Long-lived entanglement of molecules in magic-wavelength optical tweezers}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Entanglement and iSWAP gate between molecular qubits. NATURE, 637(8047), 821-826. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Quantum computation and simulation rely on long-lived qubits with controllable interactions. Trapped polar molecules have been proposed as a promising quantum computing platform, offering scalability and single-particle addressability while still leveraging inherent complexity and strong couplings of molecules1–5. Recent progress in the single quantum state preparation and coherence of the hyperfine-rotational states of individually trapped molecules allows them to serve as promising qubits6–11, with intermolecular dipolar interactions creating entanglement12,13. However, universal two-qubit gates have not been demonstrated with molecules. Here we harness intrinsic molecular resources to implement a two-qubit iSWAP gate using individually trapped X1Σ+ NaCs molecules. By allowing the molecules to interact for 664 μs at a distance of 1.9 μm, we create a maximally entangled Bell state with a fidelity of 94(3)% in trials in which both molecules are present. Using motion–rotation coupling, we measure residual excitation of the lowest few motional states along the axial trapping direction and find them to be the primary source of decoherence. Finally, we identify two non-interacting hyperfine states within the ground rotational level in which we encode a qubit. The interaction is toggled by transferring between interacting and non-interacting states to realize an iSWAP gate. We verify the gate performance by measuring its logical truth table. Intrinsic molecular resources are used to implement a two-qubit iSWAP gate using individually trapped X1Σ+ NaCs molecules.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Picard, Lewis R. B. and Park, Annie J. and Patenotte, Gabriel E. and Gebretsadkan, Samuel and Wellnitz, David and Rey, Ana Maria and Ni, Kang-Kuen}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08177-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {821-826}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Entanglement and iSWAP gate between molecular qubits}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Field–particle energy transfer during chorus emissions in space. NATURE, 637(8047), 813-820. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chorus waves are some of the strongest electromagnetic emissions naturally occurring in space and can cause radiation that is hazardous to humans and satellites1–3. Although chorus waves have attracted extreme interest and been intensively studied for decades4–7, their generation and evolution remain highly debated7. Here, in contrast to the conventional expectation that chorus waves are governed by planetary magnetic dipolar fields5,7, we report observations of repetitive, rising-tone chorus waves in the terrestrial neutral sheet, where the effects of the magnetic dipole are absent. Using high-cadence data from NASA’s MMS mission, we present ultrafast measurements of the wave fields and three-dimensional electron distributions within the waves, which provides evidence for chorus–electron interactions and the development of electron holes in the wave phase space. We found that the waves are associated with resonant currents antiparallel to the wave magnetic field, as predicted by nonlinear wave theory. We estimated the nonlinear field–particle energy transfer inside the waves, finding that the waves extract energy from local thermal electrons, in line with the positive growth rate of the waves derived from an instability analysis. Our observations may help to resolve long-standing controversies regarding chorus emissions and in gaining an understanding of the energy transport observed in space and astrophysical environments. Whistler-mode chorus waves have been observed in the tail region of the terrestrial magnetosphere, where the magnetic field is not dipolar so that chorus waves were not expected, and their generation mechanisms have been tested with state-of-the-art observations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, C. M. and Zhao, B. N. and Cao, J. B. and Pollock, C. J. and Russell, C. T. and Liu, Y. Y. and Xing, X. N. and Linqvist, P. A. and Burch, J. L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08402-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {813-820}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Field–particle energy transfer during chorus emissions in space}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Neuromorphic computing at scale. NATURE, 637(8047), 801-812. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuromorphic computing is a brain-inspired approach to hardware and algorithm design that efficiently realizes artificial neural networks. Neuromorphic designers apply the principles of biointelligence discovered by neuroscientists to design efficient computational systems, often for applications with size, weight and power constraints. With this research field at a critical juncture, it is crucial to chart the course for the development of future large-scale neuromorphic systems. We describe approaches for creating scalable neuromorphic architectures and identify key features. We discuss potential applications that can benefit from scaling and the main challenges that need to be addressed. Furthermore, we examine a comprehensive ecosystem necessary to sustain growth and the new opportunities that lie ahead when scaling neuromorphic systems. Our work distils ideas from several computing sub-fields, providing guidance to researchers and practitioners of neuromorphic computing who aim to push the frontier forward. Approaches for the development of future at-scale neuromorphic systems based on principles of biointelligence are described, along with potential applications of scalable neuromorphic architectures and the challenges that need to be overcome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kudithipudi, Dhireesha and Schuman, Catherine and Vineyard, Craig M. and Pandit, Tej and Merkel, Cory and Kubendran, Rajkumar and Aimone, James B. and Orchard, Garrick and Mayr, Christian and Benosman, Ryad and Hays, Joe and Young, Cliff and Bartolozzi, Chiara and Majumdar, Amitava and Cardwell, Suma George and Payvand, Melika and Buckley, Sonia and Kulkarni, Shruti and Gonzalez, Hector A. and Cauwenberghs, Gert and Thakur, Chetan Singh and Subramoney, Anand and Furber, Steve}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08253-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {801-812}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Neuromorphic computing at scale}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI learns from chromatin data to uncover gene interactions. NATURE, 637(8047), 799-800. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {An artificial-intelligence model trained on data about where DNA is tightly packaged and where it is open to regulators can predict gene expression and interactions between transcription factors that regulate key genes. Machine-learning tool for predicting gene expression.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Brożek, Alicja and Theodoris, Christina V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04107-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {799-800}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI learns from chromatin data to uncover gene interactions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Chirping chorus rings out from an unexpected part of outer space. NATURE, 637(8047), 798-799. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Bursts of electromagnetic radiation that share similarities with birdsong have long been observed close to Earth. A detection farther out in space confirms a key part of the theory of their origin, but also poses questions. Electron-hole detection for distant chorus waves.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Horne, Richard B.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04211-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {798-799}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Chirping chorus rings out from an unexpected part of outer space}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How a small but mighty protein protects a life-sustaining enzyme. NATURE, 637(8047), 796-798. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The enzyme nitrogenase ‘fixes’ nitrogen gas to form bioavailable ammonia, a vital process for life. Two studies solve a long-standing mystery: how a small protein saves nitrogenase from destruction by oxygen. Details of how the FeSII protein protects the nitrogenase enzyme.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rosenzweig, Amy C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04108-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {796-798}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How a small but mighty protein protects a life-sustaining enzyme}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Circadian rhythms are set by epigenetic marks in neurons. NATURE, 637(8047), 795-796. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Chemicals derived from neurotransmitter molecules in the brain can act as epigenetic marks on histone proteins to regulate gene expression. These marks control circadian clock genes and influence behaviour. Exchanger enzyme modifies histones in histamine-releasing neurons.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sardar, Debosmita and Kutateladze, Tatiana G.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04080-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {795-796}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Circadian rhythms are set by epigenetic marks in neurons}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). For open communication, give researchers a permanent e-mail alias. NATURE, 637(8047), 794. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Budd, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00168-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {794}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {For open communication, give researchers a permanent e-mail alias}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Faced with funding cuts, collaborate to define research priorities. NATURE, 637(8047), 794. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Murtinu, Samuele}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00169-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {794}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Faced with funding cuts, collaborate to define research priorities}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why AI will never be able to acquire human-level intelligence. NATURE, 637(8047), 794. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Muñoz, José M. and Bernacer, Javier and Noë, Alva and Thompson, Evan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00170-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {794}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why AI will never be able to acquire human-level intelligence}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Africa can’t wait for pandemic preparedness. NATURE, 637(8047), 794. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ndembi, Nicaise and Foláyan, Moréniké Oluwátóyìn}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00171-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {794}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Africa can’t wait for pandemic preparedness}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Build a DNA database to help identify children stolen in conflicts. NATURE, 637(8047), 792-793. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The secure and ethical use of genetic testing can assist family reunifications in Ukraine and other settings for humanitarian disasters. The secure and ethical use of genetic testing can assist family reunifications in Ukraine and other settings for humanitarian disasters.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huston, Sara}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00073-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {792-793}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Build a DNA database to help identify children stolen in conflicts}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Young people are crucial to research — How can they be paid fairly?. NATURE, 637(8047), 789-791. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Children and teenagers bring unique value to research as advisers and participants — raising ethical and practical issues about how best to compensate them. Children and teenagers bring unique value to research as advisers and participants — raising ethical and practical issues about how best to compensate them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {D’souza, Nicole Anne and Tisdall, E. Kay M. and Battaglia, Silvia Maria and Ruiz-Casares, Mónica}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00072-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {789-791}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Young people are crucial to research — How can they be paid fairly?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Jimmy carter obituary: Former US president who dedicated his life after office to peace, human rights and global health. NATURE, 637(8047), 788. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The Nobel prizewinner worked tirelessly with wife Rosalynn Carter to eradicate Guinea-worm disease. The Nobel prizewinner worked tirelessly with wife Rosalynn Carter to eradicate Guinea-worm disease.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jacobson, Julie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00067-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {788}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Jimmy carter obituary: Former US president who dedicated his life after office to peace, human rights and global health}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sharing is caring and other moving stories: Books in brief. NATURE, 637(8047), 787. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00071-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {787}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sharing is caring and other moving stories: Books in brief}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to navigate uncertainty in an unpredictable world. NATURE, 637(8047), 785-787. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A statistician offers a masterful guide to embracing the unknown. A statistician offers a masterful guide to embracing the unknown.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Min, Yongyi}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00070-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {785-787}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to navigate uncertainty in an unpredictable world}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The new science of menopause: These emerging therapies could change women’s health. NATURE, 637(8047), 782-784. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers are exploring how to prolong ovarian life and revisiting hormone replacement therapy — a once routine treatment that has fallen out of favour. Researchers are exploring how to prolong ovarian life and revisiting hormone replacement therapy — a once routine treatment that has fallen out of favour.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peeples, Lynne}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00069-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {782-784}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The new science of menopause: These emerging therapies could change women’s health}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI hallucinations can’t be stopped — But these techniques can limit their damage. NATURE, 637(8047), 778-780. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Developers have tricks to stop artificial intelligence from making things up, but large language models are still struggling to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Developers have tricks to stop artificial intelligence from making things up, but large language models are still struggling to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00068-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {778-780}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI hallucinations can’t be stopped — But these techniques can limit their damage}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AI-designed proteins tackle century-old problem — Making snake antivenoms. NATURE, 637(8047), 776. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Machine learning has supercharged the field of computational protein design. Machine learning has supercharged the field of computational protein design.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00133-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {776}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AI-designed proteins tackle century-old problem — Making snake antivenoms}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How should we test AI for human-level intelligence? OpenAI’s o3 electrifies quest. NATURE, 637(8047), 774-775. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Experimental model’s record-breaking performance on science and maths tests wows researchers. Experimental model’s record-breaking performance on science and maths tests wows researchers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00110-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {774-775}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How should we test AI for human-level intelligence? OpenAI’s o3 electrifies quest}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). New obesity definition sidelines BMI to focus on health. NATURE, 637(8047), 773-774. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fresh approach to diagnosing the condition looks at how excess body fat affects the body. Fresh approach to diagnosing the condition looks at how excess body fat affects the body.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guglielmi, Giorgia}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00123-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {773-774}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {New obesity definition sidelines BMI to focus on health}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two companies launch moon missions together: Will they make history?. NATURE, 637(8047), 772-773. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A pair of spacecraft developed by private firms blast off on a single rocket on the risky voyage to the lunar surface. A pair of spacecraft developed by private firms blast off on a single rocket on the risky voyage to the lunar surface.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00044-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {772-773}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two companies launch moon missions together: Will they make history?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Meta AI creates speech-to-speech translator that works in dozens of languages. NATURE, 637(8047), 771-772. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Machine-learning system can process words spoken in 101 languages, spitting out voice-synthesized translations in 36 target languages. Machine-learning system can process words spoken in 101 languages, spitting out voice-synthesized translations in 36 target languages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00045-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {771-772}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Meta AI creates speech-to-speech translator that works in dozens of languages}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). These are the 20 most-studied bacteria — The majority have been ignored. NATURE, 637(8047), 770-771. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Model microbes such as Escherichia coli hog scientists’ attention, leaving most known bacteria with few publications devoted to them. Model microbes such as Escherichia coli hog scientists’ attention, leaving most known bacteria with few publications devoted to them.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Callaway, Ewen}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00038-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {770-771}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {These are the 20 most-studied bacteria — The majority have been ignored}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: What does it mean?. NATURE, 637(8047), 769-770. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The threshold has been exceeded for only one year so far, but humanity is nearing the end of what many thought was a ‘safe zone’ as climate change worsens. The threshold has been exceeded for only one year so far, but humanity is nearing the end of what many thought was a ‘safe zone’ as climate change worsens.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {769-770}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: What does it mean?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Voter turnout drives margins of victory ― if elections are fair. NATURE, 637(8047), 767. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Model that predicts the spread of winning margins could be used to detect electoral interference. Model that predicts the spread of winning margins could be used to detect electoral interference.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00023-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {767}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Voter turnout drives margins of victory ― if elections are fair}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Got flu? promising drug shortens symptoms. NATURE, 637(8047), 767. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Influenza viruses have not evolved resistance to suraxavir marboxil, which relieves cough, fever and other symptoms. Influenza viruses have not evolved resistance to suraxavir marboxil, which relieves cough, fever and other symptoms.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00041-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {767}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Got flu? promising drug shortens symptoms}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mines for a clean-energy metal have a surprise climate effect. NATURE, 637(8047), 767. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Vegetation clearing to extract nickel, which is used in renewable technologies, leads to greater carbon emissions than realized. Vegetation clearing to extract nickel, which is used in renewable technologies, leads to greater carbon emissions than realized.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00042-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {767}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mines for a clean-energy metal have a surprise climate effect}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Hidden tattoos on mummy skin emerge under a laser’s light. NATURE, 637(8047), 767. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Blurry markings more than 1,000 years old become clear again thanks to scanning method. Blurry markings more than 1,000 years old become clear again thanks to scanning method.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00043-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {767}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Hidden tattoos on mummy skin emerge under a laser’s light}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why we still don’t know the mounting health risks of climate change. NATURE, 637(8047), 766. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Persistent exposure to heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and more will take a toll on people’s bodies. We must learn how this will manifest. Persistent exposure to heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and more will take a toll on people’s bodies. We must learn how this will manifest.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchell, Dann}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00149-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {766}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why we still don’t know the mounting health risks of climate change}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Trump will weaken climate action — The rest of the US must not follow suit. NATURE, 637(8047), 765. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers, governments and others can all play a part in ensuring climate policies remain in the interest of all. Researchers, governments and others can all play a part in ensuring climate policies remain in the interest of all.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bromley-Trujillo, Rebecca}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00148-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {765}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Trump will weaken climate action — The rest of the US must not follow suit}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Menopause research is globally underfunded. it’s time to change that. NATURE, 637(8047), 763. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature asked the world’s largest health-research funders what they are doing to study a life stage experienced by half of humanity. Here is what some of them told us. Nature asked the world’s largest health-research funders what they are doing to study a life stage experienced by half of humanity. Here is what some of them told us.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00150-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8047}, pages = {763}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Menopause research is globally underfunded. it’s time to change that}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Mapping the ionosphere with millions of phones. NATURE, 637(8046), E23. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Smith, Jamie and Kast, Anton and Geraschenko, Anton and Morton, Y. Jade and Brenner, Michael P. and van Diggelen, Frank and Williams, Brian P.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08520-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {E23}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Mapping the ionosphere with millions of phones}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: π-HuB: The proteomic navigator of the human body. NATURE, 637(8046), E22. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Fuchu and Aebersold, Ruedi and Baker, Mark S. and Bian, Xiuwu and Bo, Xiaochen and Chan, Daniel W. and Chang, Cheng and Chen, Luonan and Chen, Xiangmei and Chen, Yu-Ju and Cheng, Heping and Collins, Ben C. and Corrales, Fernando and Cox, Jürgen and E, Weinan and Van Eyk, Jennifer E. and Fan, Jia and Faridi, Pouya and Figeys, Daniel and Gao, George Fu and Gao, Wen and Gao, Zu-Hua and Goda, Keisuke and Goh, Wilson Wen Bin and Gu, Dongfeng and Guo, Changjiang and Guo, Tiannan and He, Yuezhong and Heck, Albert J. R. and Hermjakob, Henning and Hunter, Tony and Iyer, Narayanan Gopalakrishna and Jiang, Ying and Jimenez, Connie R. and Joshi, Lokesh and Kelleher, Neil L. and Li, Ming and Li, Yang and Lin, Qingsong and Liu, Cui Hua and Liu, Fan and Liu, Guang-Hui and Liu, Yansheng and Liu, Zhihua and Low, Teck Yew and Lu, Ben and Mann, Matthias and Meng, Anming and Moritz, Robert L. and Nice, Edouard and Ning, Guang and Omenn, Gilbert S. and Overall, Christopher M. and Palmisano, Giuseppe and Peng, Yaojin and Pineau, Charles and Poon, Terence Chuen Wai and Purcell, Anthony W. and Qiao, Jie and Reddel, Roger R. and Robinson, Phillip J. and Roncada, Paola and Sander, Chris and Sha, Jiahao and Song, Erwei and Srivastava, Sanjeeva and Sun, Aihua and Sze, Siu Kwan and Tang, Chao and Tang, Liujun and Tian, Ruijun and Vizcaíno, Juan Antonio and Wang, Chanjuan and Wang, Chen and Wang, Xiaowen and Wang, Xinxing and Wang, Yan and Weiss, Tobias and Wilhelm, Mathias and Winkler, Robert and Wollscheid, Bernd and Wong, Limsoon and Xie, Linhai and Xie, Wei and Xu, Tao and Xu, Tianhao and Yan, Liying and Yang, Jing and Yang, Xiao and Yates, John and Yun, Tao and Zhai, Qiwei and Zhang, Bing and Zhang, Hui and Zhang, Lihua and Zhang, Lingqiang and Zhang, Pingwen and Zhang, Yukui and Zheng, Yu Zi and Zhong, Qing and Zhu, Yunping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08555-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {E22}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: π-HuB: The proteomic navigator of the human body}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). My work on quantum computing aims to solve the world’s most complex problems. NATURE, 637(8046), 756. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sang-Wook Han hopes that the technology will spark innovations in materials science, drug development, finance and defence. Sang-Wook Han hopes that the technology will spark innovations in materials science, drug development, finance and defence.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tacon, Dave}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00060-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {756}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {My work on quantum computing aims to solve the world’s most complex problems}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Expansion microscopy’ turns ten: How a tissue-swelling method brought super-resolution imaging to the masses. NATURE, 637(8046), 752-754. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A decade in, expansion microscopy is unlocking insights across biology and medicine. A decade in, expansion microscopy is unlocking insights across biology and medicine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Dolgin, Elie}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00059-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {752-754}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Expansion microscopy’ turns ten: How a tissue-swelling method brought super-resolution imaging to the masses}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). PhD parents: The pros and cons of having a child during your doctorate. NATURE, 637(8046), 749-751. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Early-career researchers describe how they juggled workloads, emotions and finances after having children. Early-career researchers describe how they juggled workloads, emotions and finances after having children.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00058-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {749-751}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {PhD parents: The pros and cons of having a child during your doctorate}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Centrophilic retrotransposon integration via CENH3 chromatin in arabidopsis. NATURE, 637(8046), 744-748. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In organisms ranging from vertebrates to plants, major components of centromeres are rapidly evolving repeat sequences, such as tandem repeats (TRs) and transposable elements (TEs), which harbour centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3)1,2. Complete centromere structures recently determined in human and Arabidopsis suggest frequent integration and purging of retrotransposons within the TR regions of centromeres3–5. Despite the high impact of ‘centrophilic’ retrotransposons on the paradox of rapid centromere evolution, the mechanisms involved in centromere targeting remain poorly understood in any organism. Here we show that both Ty3 and Ty1 long terminal repeat retrotransposons rapidly turnover within the centromeric TRs of Arabidopsis species. We demonstrate that the Ty1/Copia element Tal1 (Transposon of Arabidopsis lyrata 1) integrates de novo into regions occupied by CENH3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, and that ectopic expansion of the CENH3 region results in spread of Tal1 integration regions. The integration spectra of chimeric TEs reveal the key structural variations responsible for contrasting chromatin-targeting specificities to centromeres versus gene-rich regions, which have recurrently converted during the evolution of these TEs. Our findings show the impact of centromeric chromatin on TE-mediated rapid centromere evolution, with relevance across eukaryotic genomes. An Arabidopsis long terminal repeat retrotransposon integrates de novo into regions occupied by centromere-specific histone variant, showing the impact of centromeric chromatin on transposable element-mediated rapid centromere evolution, with relevance across eukaryotic genomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tsukahara, Sayuri and Bousios, Alexandros and Perez-Roman, Estela and Yamaguchi, Sota and Leduque, Basile and Nakano, Aimi and Naish, Matthew and Osakabe, Akihisa and Toyoda, Atsushi and Ito, Hidetaka and Edera, Alejandro and Tominaga, Sayaka and Juliarni and Kato, Kae and Oda, Shoko and Inagaki, Soichi and Lorković, Zdravko and Nagaki, Kiyotaka and Berger, Frédéric and Kawabe, Akira and Quadrana, Leandro and Henderson, Ian and Kakutani, Tetsuji}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08319-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {744-748}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Centrophilic retrotransposon integration via CENH3 chromatin in arabidopsis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The mechanism of mRNA cap recognition. NATURE, 637(8046), 736-743. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During translation initiation, mRNA molecules must be identified and activated for loading into a ribosome1–3. In this rate-limiting step, the heterotrimeric protein eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4F must recognize and productively interact with the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5′ end of the mRNA and subsequently activate the message1–3. Despite its fundamental, regulatory role in gene expression, the molecular events underlying cap recognition and mRNA activation remain unclear3. Here we generate a single-molecule fluorescence imaging system to examine the dynamics with which eIF4F discriminates productive and non-productive locations on full-length, native mRNA molecules. At the single-molecule level, we observe stochastic sampling of eIF4F along the length of the mRNA and identify allosteric communication between the eIF4F subunits that ultimately drive cap-recognition and subsequent activation of the message. Our experiments uncover functions for each subunit of eIF4F and we conclude by presenting a model for mRNA activation that precisely defines the composition of the activated message. This model provides a general framework for understanding how mRNA molecules may be discriminated from one another and how other RNA-binding proteins may control the efficiency of translation initiation. Allosteric communication between the eIF4F subunits drives mRNA cap-recognition and subsequent activation of the message.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gentry, Riley C. and Ide, Nicholas A. and Comunale, Victoria M. and Hartwick, Erik W. and Kinz-Thompson, Colin D. and Gonzalez, Ruben L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08304-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {736-743}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The mechanism of mRNA cap recognition}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Clinical functional proteomics of intercellular signalling in pancreatic cancer. NATURE, 637(8046), 726-735. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an atypical, highly stromal tumour microenvironment (TME) that profoundly contributes to its poor prognosis1. Here, to better understand the intercellular signalling between cancer and stromal cells directly in PDAC tumours, we developed a multidimensional proteomic strategy called TMEPro. We applied TMEPro to profile the glycosylated secreted and plasma membrane proteome of 100 human pancreatic tissue samples to a great depth, define cell type origins and identify potential paracrine cross-talk, especially that mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation. Temporal dynamics during pancreatic tumour progression were investigated in a genetically engineered PDAC mouse model. Functionally, we revealed reciprocal signalling between stromal cells and cancer cells mediated by the stromal PDGFR–PTPN11–FOS signalling axis. Furthermore, we examined the generic shedding mechanism of plasma membrane proteins in PDAC tumours and revealed that matrix-metalloprotease-mediated shedding of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase ectodomain provides an additional dimension of intercellular signalling regulation in the PDAC TME. Importantly, the level of shed AXL has a potential correlation with lymph node metastasis, and inhibition of AXL shedding and its kinase activity showed a substantial synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell growth. In summary, we provide TMEPro, a generically applicable clinical functional proteomic strategy, and a comprehensive resource for better understanding the PDAC TME and facilitating the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. TMEPro profiles the glycosylated secreted and plasma membrane proteome of 100 human pancreatic tissue samples, defines cell type origins and identifies potential paracrine cross-talk mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Peiwu and Gao, Weina and Fu, Changying and Wang, Min and Li, Yunguang and Chu, Bizhu and He, An and Li, Yuan and Deng, Xiaomei and Zhang, Yehan and Kong, Qian and Yuan, Jingxiong and Wang, Hebin and Shi, Yu and Gao, Dong and Qin, Renyi and Hunter, Tony and Tian, Ruijun}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08225-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {726-735}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Clinical functional proteomics of intercellular signalling in pancreatic cancer}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated t cell stimulation to evade immunity. NATURE, 637(8046), 716-725. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The tumour microenvironment is programmed by cancer cells and substantially influences anti-tumour immune responses1,2. Within the tumour microenvironment, CD8+ T cells undergo full effector differentiation and acquire cytotoxic anti-tumour functions in specialized niches3–7. Although interactions with type 1 conventional dendritic cells have been implicated in this process3–5,8–10, the underlying cellular players and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that inflammatory monocytes can adopt a pivotal role in intratumoral T cell stimulation. These cells express Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Il15, but in contrast to type 1 conventional dendritic cells, which cross-present antigens, inflammatory monocytes obtain and present peptide–major histocompatibility complex class I complexes from tumour cells through ‘cross-dressing’. Hyperactivation of MAPK signalling in cancer cells hampers this process by coordinately blunting the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) cytokines and inducing the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which impairs the inflammatory monocyte state and intratumoral T cell stimulation. Enhancing IFN-I cytokine production and blocking PGE2 secretion restores this process and re-sensitizes tumours to T cell-mediated immunity. Together, our work uncovers a central role of inflammatory monocytes in intratumoral T cell stimulation, elucidates how oncogenic signalling disrupts T cell responses through counter-regulation of PGE2 and IFN-I, and proposes rational combination therapies to enhance immunotherapies. Inflammatory monocytes are identified as important players in T cell restimulation in the tumour microenvironment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Elewaut, Anais and Estivill, Guillem and Bayerl, Felix and Castillon, Leticia and Novatchkova, Maria and Pottendorfer, Elisabeth and Hoffmann-Haas, Lisa and Schönlein, Martin and Nguyen, Trung Viet and Lauss, Martin and Andreatta, Francesco and Vulin, Milica and Krecioch, Izabela and Bayerl, Jonas and Pedde, Anna-Marie and Fabre, Naomi and Holstein, Felix and Cronin, Shona M. and Rieser, Sarah and Laniti, Denarda Dangaj and Barras, David and Coukos, George and Quek, Camelia and Bai, Xinyu and Muñoz i Ordoño, Miquel and Wiesner, Thomas and Zuber, Johannes and Jönsson, Göran and Böttcher, Jan P. and Vanharanta, Sakari and Obenauf, Anna C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {716-725}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated t cell stimulation to evade immunity}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Intravenous and intracranial GD2-CAR t cells for H3K27M+ diffuse midline gliomas. NATURE, 637(8046), 708-715. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) express high levels of the disialoganglioside GD2 (ref. 1). Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells targeting GD2 (GD2-CART) eradicated DMGs in preclinical models1. Arm A of Phase I trial no. NCT04196413 (ref. 2) administered one intravenous (IV) dose of autologous GD2-CART to patients with H3K27M-mutant pontine (DIPG) or spinal DMG (sDMG) at two dose levels (DL1, 1 × 106 kg−1; DL2, 3 × 106 kg−1) following lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Patients with clinical or imaging benefit were eligible for subsequent intracerebroventricular (ICV) intracranial infusions (10–30 × 106 GD2-CART). Primary objectives were manufacturing feasibility, tolerability and the identification of maximally tolerated IV dose. Secondary objectives included preliminary assessments of benefit. Thirteen patients enroled, with 11 receiving IV GD2-CART on study (n = 3 DL1 (3 DIPG); n = 8 DL2 (6 DIPG, 2 sDMG)). GD2-CART manufacture was successful for all patients. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred on DL1, but three patients experienced dose-limiting cytokine release syndrome on DL2, establishing DL1 as the maximally tolerated IV dose. Nine patients received ICV infusions, with no dose-limiting toxicities. All patients exhibited tumour inflammation-associated neurotoxicity, safely managed with intensive monitoring and care. Four patients demonstrated major volumetric tumour reductions (52, 54, 91 and 100%), with a further three patients exhibiting smaller reductions. One patient exhibited a complete response ongoing for over 30 months since enrolment. Nine patients demonstrated neurological benefit, as measured by a protocol-directed clinical improvement score. Sequential IV, followed by ICV GD2-CART, induced tumour regressions and neurological improvements in patients with DIPG and those with sDMG. We evaluated the use of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells targeting GD2 (GD2-CART) for H3K27M+ diffuse midline glioma (DMG), finding that intravenous administration of GD2-CART, followed by intracranial infusions, induced tumour regressions and neurological improvements in patients with H3K27M-mutant pontine or spinal DMG.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Monje, Michelle and Mahdi, Jasia and Majzner, Robbie and Yeom, Kristen W. and Schultz, Liora M. and Richards, Rebecca M. and Barsan, Valentin and Song, Kun-Wei and Kamens, Jen and Baggott, Christina and Kunicki, Michael and Rietberg, Skyler P. and Lim, Alexandria Sung and Reschke, Agnes and Mavroukakis, Sharon and Egeler, Emily and Moon, Jennifer and Patel, Shabnum and Chinnasamy, Harshini and Erickson, Courtney and Jacobs, Ashley and Duh, Allison K. and Tunuguntla, Ramya and Klysz, Dorota Danuta and Fowler, Carley and Green, Sean and Beebe, Barbara and Carr, Casey and Fujimoto, Michelle and Brown, Annie Kathleen and Petersen, Ann-Louise G. and McIntyre, Catherine and Siddiqui, Aman and Lepori-Bui, Nadia and Villar, Katlin and Pham, Kymhuynh and Bove, Rachel and Musa, Eric and Reynolds, Warren D. and Kuo, Adam and Prabhu, Snehit and Rasmussen, Lindsey and Cornell, Timothy T. and Partap, Sonia and Fisher, Paul G. and Campen, Cynthia J. and Grant, Gerald and Prolo, Laura and Ye, Xiaobu and Sahaf, Bita and Davis, Kara L. and Feldman, Steven A. and Ramakrishna, Sneha and Mackall, Crystal}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08171-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {708-715}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Intravenous and intracranial GD2-CAR t cells for H3K27M+ diffuse midline gliomas}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion. NATURE, 637(8046), 698-707. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The stretch reflex is a fundamental component of the motor system that orchestrates the coordinated muscle contractions underlying movement. At the heart of this process lie the muscle spindles (MS), specialized receptors finely attuned to fluctuations in tension within intrafusal muscle fibres. The tension variation in the MS triggers a series of neuronal events including an initial depolarization of sensory type Ia afferents that subsequently causes the activation of motoneurons within the spinal cord1,2. This neuronal cascade culminates in the execution of muscle contraction, underscoring a presumed closed-loop mechanism between the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. By contrast, here we report the discovery of a new population of macrophages with exclusive molecular and functional signatures within the MS that express the machinery for synthesizing and releasing glutamate. Using mouse intersectional genetics with optogenetics and electrophysiology, we show that activation of MS macrophages (MSMP) drives proprioceptive sensory neuron firing on a millisecond timescale. MSMP activate spinal circuits, motor neurons and muscles by means of a glutamate-dependent mechanism that excites the MS. Furthermore, MSMP respond to neural and muscle activation by increasing the expression of glutaminase, enabling them to convert the uptaken glutamine released by myocytes during muscle contraction into glutamate. Selective silencing or depletion of MSMP in hindlimb muscles disrupted the modulation of the stretch reflex for force generation and sensory feedback correction, impairing locomotor strategies in mice. Our results have identified a new cellular component, the MSMP, that directly regulates neural activity and muscle contraction. The glutamate-mediated signalling of MSMP and their dynamic response to sensory cues introduce a new dimension to our understanding of sensation and motor action, potentially offering innovative therapeutic approaches in conditions that affect sensorimotor function. A population of macrophages with exclusive molecular and functional signatures in the muscle spindles express machinery for synthesizing and releasing glutamate, and a cellular component, the muscle spindle macrophages, directly regulates neural activity and muscle contraction.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Yan, Yuyang and Antolin, Nuria and Zhou, Luming and Xu, Luyang and Vargas, Irene Lisa and Gomez, Carlos Daniel and Kong, Guiping and Palmisano, Ilaria and Yang, Yi and Chadwick, Jessica and Müller, Franziska and Bull, Anthony M. J. and Lo Celso, Cristina and Primiano, Guido and Servidei, Serenella and Perrier, Jean François and Bellardita, Carmelo and Di Giovanni, Simone}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08272-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {698-707}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Macrophages excite muscle spindles with glutamate to bolster locomotion}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Diatom phytochromes integrate the underwater light spectrum to sense depth. NATURE, 637(8046), 691-697. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aquatic life is strongly structured by the distribution of light, which, besides attenuation in intensity, exhibits a continuous change in the spectrum with depth1. The extent to which these light changes are perceived by phytoplankton through photoreceptors is still inadequately known. We addressed this issue by integrating functional studies of diatom phytochrome (DPH) photoreceptors in model species2 with environmental surveys of their distribution and activity. Here, by developing an in vivo dose–response assay to light spectral variations mediated by DPH, we show that DPH can trigger photoreversible responses across the entire light spectrum, resulting in a change in DPH photoequilibrium with depth. By generating dph mutants in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, we also demonstrate that under simulated low-blue-light conditions of ocean depth, DPH regulates photosynthesis acclimation, thus linking optical depth detection with a functional response. The latitudinal distribution of DPH-containing diatoms from permanently stratified regions to seasonally mixed regions suggests an adaptive value of DPH functions in coping with vertical displacements in the water column. By establishing DPH as a detector of optical depth, this study provides a new view of how information embedded in the underwater light field can be exploited by diatoms to modulate their physiology throughout the photic zone. This study demonstrates that diatoms with phytochrome photoreceptors can detect and functionally respond to the entire visible light spectrum through these sensors, enabling them to sense depth and regulate photosynthesis accordingly in marine environments.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Duchêne, Carole and Bouly, Jean-Pierre and Pierella Karlusich, Juan José and Vernay, Emeline and Sellés, Julien and Bailleul, Benjamin and Bowler, Chris and Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio and Falciatore, Angela and Jaubert, Marianne}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08301-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {691-697}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Diatom phytochromes integrate the underwater light spectrum to sense depth}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Learning the fitness dynamics of pathogens from phylogenies. NATURE, 637(8046), 683-690. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The dynamics of the genetic diversity of pathogens, including the emergence of lineages with increased fitness, is a foundational concept of disease ecology with key public-health implications. However, the identification of such lineages and estimation of associated fitness remain challenging, and is rarely done outside densely sampled systems1,2. Here we present phylowave, a scalable approach that summarizes changes in population composition in phylogenetic trees, enabling the automatic detection of lineages based on shared fitness and evolutionary relationships. We use our approach on a broad set of viruses and bacteria (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A subtype H3N2, Bordetella pertussis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), which include both well-studied and understudied threats to human health. We show that phylowave recovers the main known circulating lineages for each pathogen and that it can detect specific amino acid changes linked to fitness changes. Furthermore, phylowave identifies previously undetected lineages with increased fitness, including three co-circulating B. pertussis lineages. Inference using phylowave is robust to uneven and limited observations. This widely applicable approach provides an avenue to monitor evolution in real time to support public-health action and explore fundamental drivers of pathogen fitness. Phylowave, an innovative phylogenetic approach, can identify the main circulating pathogen lineages with increased fitness and the associated genetic changes, enabling the timely identification of emergent strains and deployment of targeted interventions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lefrancq, Noémie and Duret, Loréna and Bouchez, Valérie and Brisse, Sylvain and Parkhill, Julian and Salje, Henrik}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08309-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {683-690}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Learning the fitness dynamics of pathogens from phylogenies}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Timely TGFβ signalling inhibition induces notochord. NATURE, 637(8046), 673-682. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The formation of the vertebrate body involves the coordinated production of trunk tissues from progenitors located in the posterior of the embryo. Although in vitro models using pluripotent stem cells replicate aspects of this process1–10, they lack crucial components, most notably the notochord—a defining feature of chordates that patterns surrounding tissues11. Consequently, cell types dependent on notochord signals are absent from current models of human trunk formation. Here we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of chick embryos to map molecularly distinct progenitor populations and their spatial organization. Guided by this map, we investigated how differentiating human pluripotent stem cells develop a stereotypical spatial organization of trunk cell types. We found that YAP inactivation in conjunction with FGF-mediated MAPK signalling facilitated WNT pathway activation and induced expression of TBXT (also known as BRA). In addition, timely inhibition of WNT-induced NODAL and BMP signalling regulated the proportions of different tissue types, including notochordal cells. This enabled us to create a three-dimensional model of human trunk development that undergoes morphogenetic movements, producing elongated structures with a notochord and ventral neural and mesodermal tissues. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying vertebrate notochord formation and establish a more comprehensive in vitro model of human trunk development. This paves the way for future studies of tissue patterning in a physiologically relevant environment. Through analysis of developing chick embryos and in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells, a study develops a method to generate a model of the human trunk with a notochord.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Rito, Tiago and Libby, Ashley R. G. and Demuth, Madeleine and Domart, Marie-Charlotte and Cornwall-Scoones, Jake and Briscoe, James}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08332-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {673-682}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Timely TGFβ signalling inhibition induces notochord}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A combinatorial neural code for long-term motor memory. NATURE, 637(8046), 663-672. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Motor skill repertoire can be stably retained over long periods, but the neural mechanism that underlies stable memory storage remains poorly understood1–8. Moreover, it is unknown how existing motor memories are maintained as new motor skills are continuously acquired. Here we tracked neural representation of learned actions throughout a significant portion of the lifespan of a mouse and show that learned actions are stably retained in combination with context, which protects existing memories from erasure during new motor learning. We established a continual learning paradigm in which mice learned to perform directional licking in different task contexts while we tracked motor cortex activity for up to six months using two-photon imaging. Within the same task context, activity driving directional licking was stable over time with little representational drift. When learning new task contexts, new preparatory activity emerged to drive the same licking actions. Learning created parallel new motor memories instead of modifying existing representations. Re-learning to make the same actions in the previous task context re-activated the previous preparatory activity, even months later. Continual learning of new task contexts kept creating new preparatory activity patterns. Context-specific memories, as we observed in the motor system, may provide a solution for stable memory storage throughout continual learning. Long-term tracking of learned actions in mouse motor cortex shows that learned actions are retained with their context, and learning new tasks creates new memories, which do not overwrite or modify existing representations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Jae-Hyun and Daie, Kayvon and Li, Nuo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08193-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {663-672}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A combinatorial neural code for long-term motor memory}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Understanding the neural code of stress to control anhedonia. NATURE, 637(8046), 654-662. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Anhedonia, the diminished drive to seek, value, and learn about rewards, is a core feature of major depressive disorder1–3. The neural underpinnings of anhedonia and how this emotional state drives behaviour remain unclear. Here we investigated the neural code of anhedonia by taking advantage of the fact that when mice are exposed to traumatic social stress, susceptible animals become socially withdrawn and anhedonic, whereas others remain resilient. By performing high-density electrophysiology to record neural activity patterns in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral CA1 (vCA1), we identified neural signatures of susceptibility and resilience. When mice actively sought rewards, BLA activity in resilient mice showed robust discrimination between reward choices. By contrast, susceptible mice exhibited a rumination-like signature, in which BLA neurons encoded the intention to switch or stay on a previously chosen reward. Manipulation of vCA1 inputs to the BLA in susceptible mice rescued dysfunctional neural dynamics, amplified dynamics associated with resilience, and reversed anhedonic behaviour. Finally, when animals were at rest, the spontaneous BLA activity of susceptible mice showed a greater number of distinct neural population states. This spontaneous activity allowed us to decode group identity and to infer whether a mouse had a history of stress better than behavioural outcomes alone. This work reveals population-level neural dynamics that explain individual differences in responses to traumatic stress, and suggests that modulating vCA1–BLA inputs can enhance resilience by regulating these dynamics. Examination of the neural activity in the basolateral amygdala and ventral CA1 of mice during tasks or rest following exposure to social stress reveals signatures of resilience and susceptibility to stress.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xia, Frances and Fascianelli, Valeria and Vishwakarma, Nina and Ghinger, Frances Grace and Kwon, Andrew and Gergues, Mark M. and Lalani, Lahin K. and Fusi, Stefano and Kheirbek, Mazen A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08241-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {654-662}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Understanding the neural code of stress to control anhedonia}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Social state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in drosophila. NATURE, 637(8046), 646-653. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Animals are often bombarded with visual information and must prioritize specific visual features based on their current needs. The neuronal circuits that detect and relay visual features have been well studied1–8. Much less is known about how an animal adjusts its visual attention as its goals or environmental conditions change. During social behaviours, flies need to focus on nearby flies9–11. Here we study how the flow of visual information is altered when female Drosophila enter an aggressive state. From the connectome, we identify three state-dependent circuit motifs poised to modify the response of an aggressive female to fly-sized visual objects: convergence of excitatory inputs from neurons conveying select visual features and internal state; dendritic disinhibition of select visual feature detectors; and a switch that toggles between two visual feature detectors. Using cell-type-specific genetic tools, together with behavioural and neurophysiological analyses, we show that each of these circuit motifs is used during female aggression. We reveal that features of this same switch operate in male Drosophila during courtship pursuit, suggesting that disparate social behaviours may share circuit mechanisms. Our study provides a compelling example of using the connectome to infer circuit mechanisms that underlie dynamic processing of sensory signals. A connectome analysis identifies, and experiments confirm, three state-dependent circuit motifs that modify the response of an aggressive female Drosophila or a courting male to fly-sized visual objects.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Schretter, Catherine E. and Hindmarsh Sten, Tom and Klapoetke, Nathan and Shao, Mei and Nern, Aljoscha and Dreher, Marisa and Bushey, Daniel and Robie, Alice A. and Taylor, Adam L. and Branson, Kristin and Otopalik, Adriane and Ruta, Vanessa and Rubin, Gerald M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08255-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {646-653}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Social state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in drosophila}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Heritable polygenic editing: The next frontier in genomic medicine?. NATURE, 637(8046), 637-645. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Polygenic genome editing in human embryos and germ cells is predicted to become feasible in the next three decades. Several recent books and academic papers have outlined the ethical concerns raised by germline genome editing and the opportunities that it may present1–3. To date, no attempts have been made to predict the consequences of altering specific variants associated with polygenic diseases. In this Analysis, we show that polygenic genome editing could theoretically yield extreme reductions in disease susceptibility. For example, editing a relatively small number of genomic variants could make a substantial difference to an individual’s risk of developing coronary artery disease, Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, diabetes and schizophrenia. Similarly, large changes in risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, could, in theory, be achieved by polygenic editing. Although heritable polygenic editing (HPE) is still speculative, we completed calculations to discuss the underlying ethical issues. Our modelling demonstrates how the putatively positive consequences of gene editing at an individual level may deepen health inequalities. Further, as single or multiple gene variants can increase the risk of some diseases while decreasing that of others, HPE raises ethical challenges related to pleiotropy and genetic diversity. We conclude by arguing for a collectivist perspective on the ethical issues raised by HPE, which accounts for its effects on individuals, their families, communities and society4. We discuss the potential consequences and ethical concerns of polygenic genome editing of human embryos to alter specific variants associated with polygenic diseases, highlighting the possibility of reducing disease susceptibility while exacerbating health inequalities.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Visscher, Peter M. and Gyngell, Christopher and Yengo, Loic and Savulescu, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08300-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {637-645}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Heritable polygenic editing: The next frontier in genomic medicine?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). New silurian aculiferan fossils reveal complex early history of mollusca. NATURE, 637(8046), 631-636. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mollusca is the second most species-rich animal phylum, but the pathways of early molluscan evolution have long been controversial1–5. Modern faunas retain only a fraction of the past forms in this hyperdiverse and long-lived group. Recent analyses6–8 have consistently recovered a fundamental split into two sister clades, Conchifera (including gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods) and Aculifera9, comprising Polyplacophora (‘chitons’) and Aplacophora. Molluscan evolution in toto is characterized by plasticity in body-plan characters10, but historically aculiferans have been interpreted as more conservative10,11. The few completely preserved aculiferan or aculiferan-like fossils from the early Palaeozoic12–19 have been largely regarded as transitional forms that inform questions of character polarity between the extant polyplacophoran and aplacophoran body forms20,21. The history of early aculiferans, and the morphological and ecological range that they occupied, remain inadequately sampled. Here we describe two new three-dimensionally preserved aculiferan species from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte22,23, which substantially extend the morphological and ecological range of the clade. Phylogenetic analyses indicate positions within a complex nexus of taxa and suggest reversals in the states of fundamental characters such as the presence of valves and the nature of the foot. In contrast to previous hypotheses of morphological conservatism, evolution in early aculiferans generated a profusion of unusual forms comparable to the diversification of other crown-group molluscs. Fossils of two new worm-like aculiferan species add to the diversity of this group, showing that evolution in early aculiferans generated unusual forms comparable to other crown-group molluscs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sutton, Mark D. and Sigwart, Julia D. and Briggs, Derek E. G. and Gueriau, Pierre and King, Andrew and Siveter, David J. and Siveter, Derek J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08312-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {631-636}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {New silurian aculiferan fossils reveal complex early history of mollusca}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Diversity and biogeography of the bacterial microbiome in glacier-fed streams. NATURE, 637(8046), 622-630. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The rapid melting of mountain glaciers and the vanishing of their streams is emblematic of climate change1,2. Glacier-fed streams (GFSs) are cold, oligotrophic and unstable ecosystems in which life is dominated by microbial biofilms2,3. However, current knowledge on the GFS microbiome is scarce4,5, precluding an understanding of its response to glacier shrinkage. Here, by leveraging metabarcoding and metagenomics, we provide a comprehensive survey of bacteria in the benthic microbiome across 152 GFSs draining the Earth’s major mountain ranges. We find that the GFS bacterial microbiome is taxonomically and functionally distinct from other cryospheric microbiomes. GFS bacteria are diverse, with more than half being specific to a given mountain range, some unique to single GFSs and a few cosmopolitan and abundant. We show how geographic isolation and environmental selection shape their biogeography, which is characterized by distinct compositional patterns between mountain ranges and hemispheres. Phylogenetic analyses furthermore uncovered microdiverse clades resulting from environmental selection, probably promoting functional resilience and contributing to GFS bacterial biodiversity and biogeography. Climate-induced glacier shrinkage puts this unique microbiome at risk. Our study provides a global reference for future climate-change microbiology studies on the vanishing GFS ecosystem. Leveraging metabarcoding and metagenomics, a survey of bacteria in the benthic microbiome across 152 glacier-fed streams (GFSs) provides a global reference for future climate-change microbiology studies on the vanishing GFS ecosystem.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ezzat, Leïla and Peter, Hannes and Bourquin, Massimo and Busi, Susheel Bhanu and Michoud, Grégoire and Fodelianakis, Stilianos and Kohler, Tyler J. and Lamy, Thomas and Geers, Aileen and Pramateftaki, Paraskevi and Baier, Florian and Marasco, Ramona and Daffonchio, Daniele and Deluigi, Nicola and Wilmes, Paul and Styllas, Michail and Schön, Martina and Tolosano, Matteo and De Staercke, Vincent and Battin, Tom J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08313-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {622-630}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Diversity and biogeography of the bacterial microbiome in glacier-fed streams}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts. NATURE, 637(8046), 615-621. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The cratonic crust contains abundant mineral deposits of metals such as gold, copper and rare earths1–5 and is underlain by a thick mantle lithosphere rich in the volatiles carbon, sulfur and water6–8. Although volatiles are known to be key components in metallogenesis9, how and where they are distributed in the cratonic lithosphere mantle and their role in the initial enrichment of metals have not been sufficiently explored. Here we compile sulfur and copper contents of global cratonic peridotites, identifying sulfide-rich and copper-rich continental roots at depths of 160–190 km at cratonic margins. Our new high-pressure experiments show that carbonated silicate melts originating from the asthenosphere lose silicate components during reaction with lithospheric peridotite, evolving to carbonatite melts that become concentrated at cratonic margins. Sulfur solubility in melts substantially decreases as the SiO2 content of melts decreases during this process, forcing sulfide precipitation and the formation of sulfide-rich continental roots at the base of the mantle lithosphere. The migration of carbonated melts towards cratonic margins replenishes the continental roots there with sulfur, explaining the co-location of magmatic metal deposits with carbonatites close to cratonic margins. These findings highlight the notable role of carbonated melts in metallogenesis and provide a potential platform for metal ore exploration. Examination of the sulfur and copper contents of global cratonic peridotites combined with new high-pressure experiments shows that the migration of carbonated melts towards cratonic margins explains the co-location of magmatic metal deposits with carbonatites.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Chunfei and Förster, Michael W. and Shcheka, Svyatoslav S. and Ezad, Isra S. and Shea, Joshua J. and Liu, Yongsheng and Jacob, Dorrit E. and Foley, Stephen F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08316-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {615-621}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). β-C−H bond functionalization of ketones and esters by cationic pd complexes. NATURE, 637(8046), 608-614. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {C–H activation is the most direct way of functionalizing organic molecules. Many advances in this field still require specific directing groups to achieve the necessary activity and selectivity. Developing C–H activation reactions directed by native functional groups is essential for their broad application in synthesis1. Over the past decade, several generations of bifunctional ligands developed have enabled C(sp3)–H activation reactions of free carboxylic acids2, free aliphatic amines3, native amides4,5 and alcohols6. However, an effective catalyst for ketones and carboxylic esters remains to be realized. Here we report diverse methyl β-C−H functionalizations, including intermolecular arylation, hydroxylation and intramolecular C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H coupling of ketones and carboxylic esters with a monoprotected amino neutral amide (MPANA) ligand. The in situ generation of cationic Pd(II) complexes by the combination MPANA ligand and HBF4 is crucial for achieving the reactivity. The compatibility of these reactions with cyclic ketones and lactams provides a method to access spirocyclic and fused ring systems. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory studies support the role of cationic Pd complexes with MPANA ligands in enhancing catalyst–substrate affinity and facilitating the C−H cleavage step. Diverse methyl β-C−H functionalizations of ketones and esters are enabled by cationic Pd(II) complexes with MPANA ligands, offering access to spirocyclic and fused ring systems through enhanced catalyst–substrate affinity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Li, Yi-Hao and Chekshin, Nikita and Lu, Yilin and Yu, Jin-Quan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08281-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {608-614}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {β-C−H bond functionalization of ketones and esters by cationic pd complexes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Photocatalytic C–F bond activation in small molecules and polyfluoroalkyl substances. NATURE, 637(8046), 601-607. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Organic halides are highly useful compounds in chemical synthesis, in which the halide serves as a versatile functional group for elimination, substitution and cross-coupling reactions with transition metals or photocatalysis1–3. However, the activation of carbon–fluorine (C–F) bonds—the most commercially abundant organohalide and found in polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), or ‘forever chemicals’—is much rarer. Current approaches based on photoredox chemistry for the activation of small-molecule C–F bonds are limited by the substrates and transition metal catalysts needed4. A general method for the direct activation of organofluorines would have considerable value in organic and environmental chemistry. Here we report an organic photoredox catalyst system that can efficiently reduce C–F bonds to generate carbon-centred radicals, which can then be intercepted for hydrodefluorination (swapping F for H) and cross-coupling reactions. This system enables the general use of organofluorines as synthons under mild reaction conditions. We extend this method to the defluorination of PFAS and fluorinated polymers, a critical challenge in the breakdown of persistent and environmentally damaging forever chemicals. An organic photoredox catalyst system efficiently reduces C–F bonds, generating carbon-centred radicals for hydrodefluorination and cross-coupling reactions, enabling the general use of organofluorines as synthons and breaking down environmentally damaging forever chemicals.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Liu, Xin and Sau, Arindam and Green, Alexander R. and Popescu, Mihai V. and Pompetti, Nicholas F. and Li, Yingzi and Zhao, Yucheng and Paton, Robert S. and Damrauer, Niels H. and Miyake, Garret M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08327-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {601-607}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Photocatalytic C–F bond activation in small molecules and polyfluoroalkyl substances}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Transducing chemical energy through catalysis by an artificial molecular motor. NATURE, 637(8046), 594-600. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cells display a range of mechanical activities generated by motor proteins powered through catalysis1. This raises the fundamental question of how the acceleration of a chemical reaction can enable the energy released from that reaction to be transduced (and, consequently, work to be done) by a molecular catalyst2–7. Here we demonstrate the molecular-level transduction of chemical energy to mechanical force8 in the form of the powered contraction and powered re-expansion of a cross-linked polymer gel driven by the directional rotation of artificial catalysis-driven9 molecular motors. Continuous 360° rotation of the rotor about the stator of the catalysis-driven motor-molecules incorporated in the polymeric framework of the gel twists the polymer chains of the cross-linked network around one another. This progressively increases writhe and tightens entanglements, causing a macroscopic contraction of the gel to approximately 70% of its original volume. The subsequent addition of the opposite enantiomer fuelling system powers the rotation of the motor-molecules in the reverse direction, unwinding the entanglements and causing the gel to re-expand. Continued powered twisting of the strands in the new direction causes the gel to re-contract. In addition to actuation, motor-molecule rotation in the gel produces other chemical and physical outcomes, including changes in the Young modulus and storage modulus—the latter is proportional to the increase in strand crossings resulting from motor rotation. The experimental demonstration of work against a load by a synthetic organocatalyst, and its mechanism of energy transduction6, informs both the debate3,5,7 surrounding the mechanism of force generation by biological motors and the design principles6,10–14 for artificial molecular nanotechnology. A cross-linked polymer gel driven by artificial molecular motors transforms chemical energy into mechanical force, achieving powered contraction and re-expansion, demonstrating a considerable advance in understanding energy transduction mechanisms and informing nanotechnology design principles.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Peng-Lai and Borsley, Stefan and Power, Martin J. and Cavasso, Alessandro and Giuseppone, Nicolas and Leigh, David A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08288-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {594-600}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Transducing chemical energy through catalysis by an artificial molecular motor}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Joint speech and text machine translation for up to 100 languages. NATURE, 637(8046), 587-593. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Creating the Babel Fish, a tool that helps individuals translate speech between any two languages, requires advanced technological innovation and linguistic expertise. Although conventional speech-to-speech translation systems composed of multiple subsystems performing translation in a cascaded fashion exist1–3, scalable and high-performing unified systems4,5 remain underexplored. To address this gap, here we introduce SEAMLESSM4T–Massively Multilingual and Multimodal Machine Translation–a single model that supports speech-to-speech translation (101 to 36 languages), speech-to-text translation (from 101 to 96 languages), text-to-speech translation (from 96 to 36 languages), text-to-text translation (96 languages) and automatic speech recognition (96 languages). Built using a new multimodal corpus of automatically aligned speech translations and other publicly available data, SEAMLESSM4T is one of the first multilingual systems that can translate from and into English for both speech and text. Moreover, it outperforms the existing state-of-the-art cascaded systems, achieving up to 8% and 23% higher BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) scores in speech-to-text and speech-to-speech tasks, respectively. Beyond quality, when tested for robustness, our system is, on average, approximately 50% more resilient against background noise and speaker variations in speech-to-text tasks than the previous state-of-the-art systems. We evaluated SEAMLESSM4T on added toxicity and gender bias to assess translation safety. For the former, we included two strategies for added toxicity mitigation working at either training or inference time. Finally, all contributions in this work are publicly available for non-commercial use to propel further research on inclusive speech translation technologies. SEAMLESSM4T is a single machine translation tool that supports speech-to-speech translation, speech-to-text translation, text-to-speech translation, text-to-text translation and automatic speech recognition between up to 100 languages.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08359-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {587-593}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Joint speech and text machine translation for up to 100 languages}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Janus graphene nanoribbons with localized states on a single zigzag edge. NATURE, 637(8046), 580-586. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Topological design of π electrons in zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) leads to a wealth of magnetic quantum phenomena and exotic quantum phases1–10. Symmetric ZGNRs typically show antiferromagnetically coupled spin-ordered edge states1,2. Eliminating cross-edge magnetic coupling in ZGNRs not only enables the realization of a class of ferromagnetic quantum spin chains11, enabling the exploration of quantum spin physics and entanglement of multiple qubits in the one-dimensional limit3,12, but also establishes a long-sought-after carbon-based ferromagnetic transport channel, pivotal for ultimate scaling of GNR-based quantum electronics1–3,9,13. Here we report a general approach for designing and fabricating such ferromagnetic GNRs in the form of Janus GNRs (JGNRs) with two distinct edge configurations. Guided by Lieb’s theorem and topological classification theory14–16, we devised two JGNRs by asymmetrically introducing a topological defect array of benzene motifs to one zigzag edge, while keeping the opposing zigzag edge unchanged. This breaks the structural symmetry and creates a sublattice imbalance within each unit cell, initiating a spin-symmetry breaking. Three Z-shaped precursors are designed to fabricate one parent ZGNR and two JGNRs with an optimal lattice spacing of the defect array for a complete quench of the magnetic edge states at the ‘defective’ edge. Characterization by scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory confirms the successful fabrication of JGNRs with a ferromagnetic ground-state localized along the pristine zigzag edge. Janus graphene nanoribbons with localized states on a single zigzag edge are fabricated by introducing a topological defect array of benzene motifs on the opposite zigzag edge, to break the structural symmetry.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Song, Shaotang and Teng, Yu and Tang, Weichen and Xu, Zhen and He, Yuanyuan and Ruan, Jiawei and Kojima, Takahiro and Hu, Wenping and Giessibl, Franz J. and Sakaguchi, Hiroshi and Louie, Steven G. and Lu, Jiong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08296-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {580-586}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Janus graphene nanoribbons with localized states on a single zigzag edge}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite heterostructures. NATURE, 637(8046), 574-579. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Proximity ferroelectricity is an interface-associated phenomenon in electric-field-driven polarization reversal in a non-ferroelectric polar material induced by one or more adjacent ferroelectric materials. Here we report proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite ferroelectric heterostructures. In the present case, the non-ferroelectric layers are AlN and ZnO, whereas the ferroelectric layers are Al1−xBxN, Al1−xScxN and Zn1−xMgxO. The layered structures include nitride–nitride, oxide–oxide and nitride–oxide stacks that feature two-layer (asymmetric) and three-layer (symmetric) configurations1–3. Ferroelectric switching in both layers is validated by multimodal characterization methods, including polarization hysteresis, anisotropic chemical etching, second harmonic generation, piezo response force microscopy, electromechanical testing and atomic resolution polarization orientation imaging in real space by scanning transmission electron microscopy. We present a physical switching model in which antipolar nuclei originate in the ferroelectric layer and propagate towards the internal non-ferroelectric interface. The domain wall leading edge produces elastic and electric fields that extend beyond the interface at close proximity, reducing the switching barrier in the non-ferroelectric layer, and allowing complete domain propagation without breakdown. Density functional theory calculations of polymorph energies, reversal barriers and domain wall energies support this model. Proximity ferroelectricity enables polarization reversal in wurtzites without the chemical or structural disorder that accompanies elemental substitution, opening new questions and opportunities regarding interface-based ferroelectricity. Proximity ferroelectricity is reported in wurtzite heterostructures, which enables polarization reversal in wurtzites without the chemical or structural disorder that accompanies elemental substitution.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Skidmore, Chloe H. and Spurling, R. Jackson and Hayden, John and Baksa, Steven M. and Behrendt, Drew and Goodling, Devin and Nordlander, Joshua L. and Suceava, Albert and Casamento, Joseph and Akkopru-Akgun, Betul and Calderon, Sebastian and Dabo, Ismaila and Gopalan, Venkatraman and Kelley, Kyle P. and Rappe, Andrew M. and Trolier-McKinstry, Susan and Dickey, Elizabeth C. and Maria, Jon-Paul}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08295-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {574-579}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Proximity ferroelectricity in wurtzite heterostructures}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Two-dimensional non-hermitian skin effect in an ultracold fermi gas. NATURE, 637(8046), 565-573. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The concept of non-Hermiticity has expanded the understanding of band topology, leading to the emergence of counter-intuitive phenomena. An example is the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE)1–7, which involves the concentration of eigenstates at the boundary. However, despite the potential insights that can be gained from high-dimensional non-Hermitian quantum systems in areas such as curved space8–10, high-order topological phases11,12 and black holes13,14, the realization of this effect in high dimensions remains unexplored. Here we create a two-dimensional (2D) non-Hermitian topological band for ultracold fermions in spin–orbit-coupled optical lattices with tunable dissipation, which exhibits the NHSE. We first experimentally demonstrate pronounced nonzero spectral winding numbers in the complex energy plane with nonzero dissipation, which establishes the existence of 2D skin effect. Furthermore, we observe the real-space dynamical signature of NHSE in real space by monitoring the centre of mass motion of atoms. Finally, we also demonstrate that a pair of exceptional points are created in the momentum space, connected by an open-ended bulk Fermi arc, in contrast to closed loops found in Hermitian systems. The associated exceptional points emerge and shift with increasing dissipation, leading to the formation of the Fermi arc. Our work sets the stage for further investigation into simulating non-Hermitian physics in high dimensions and paves the way for understanding the interplay of quantum statistics with NHSE. A two-dimensional non-Hermitian topological band is created in an ultracold system of fermions, which exhibits the non-Hermitian skin effect.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhao, Entong and Wang, Zhiyuan and He, Chengdong and Poon, Ting Fung Jeffrey and Pak, Ka Kwan and Liu, Yu-Jun and Ren, Peng and Liu, Xiong-Jun and Jo, Gyu-Boong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08347-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {565-573}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Two-dimensional non-hermitian skin effect in an ultracold fermi gas}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The human and non-human primate developmental GTEx projects. NATURE, 637(8046), 557-564. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many human diseases are the result of early developmental defects. As most paediatric diseases and disorders are rare, children are critically underrepresented in research. Functional genomics studies primarily rely on adult tissues and lack critical cell states in specific developmental windows. In parallel, little is known about the conservation of developmental programmes across non-human primate (NHP) species, with implications for human evolution. Here we introduce the developmental Genotype-Tissue Expression (dGTEx) projects, which span humans and NHPs and aim to integrate gene expression, regulation and genetics data across development and species. The dGTEx cohort will consist of 74 tissue sites across 120 human donors from birth to adulthood, and developmentally matched NHP age groups, with additional prenatal and adult animals, with 126 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and 72 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The data will comprise whole-genome sequencing, extensive bulk, single-cell and spatial gene expression profiles, and chromatin accessibility data across tissues and development. Through community engagement and donor diversity, the human dGTEx study seeks to address disparities in genomic research. Thus, dGTEx will provide a reference human and NHP dataset and tissue bank, enabling research into developmental changes in expression and gene regulation, childhood disorders and the effect of genetic variation on development. The developmental Genotype-Tissue Expression (dGTEx) projects will catalogue and integrate gene expression, regulation and genetics data across 120 human donors from birth to adulthood with developmentally matched non-human primates, including 126 rhesus macaques and 72 common marmosets.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Coorens, Tim H. H. and Guillaumet-Adkins, Amy and Kovner, Rothem and Linn, Rebecca L. and Roberts, Victoria H. J. and Sule, Amrita and Van Hoose, Patrick M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08244-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {557-564}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The human and non-human primate developmental GTEx projects}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human embryo editing against disease is unsafe and unproven — Despite rosy predictions. NATURE, 637(8046), 554-556. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mathematical modelling suggests that it is theoretically possible to reduce risk of common diseases using heritable genome editing. Scientists argue that the technology involves considerable risk and uncertain benefits. Pitfalls of heritable genome editing undermine theoretical benefits.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Carmi, Shai and Greely, Henry T. and Mitchell, Kevin J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04105-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {554-556}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human embryo editing against disease is unsafe and unproven — Despite rosy predictions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Algae use the underwater light spectrum to sense depth. NATURE, 637(8046), 553-554. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Aquatic algae called diatoms have been found to use light-sensing proteins as depth indicators. Detecting depth-related changes in the intensity and spectrum of light enables algae to modulate their physiology accordingly. Diatoms use light-sensing proteins as depth sensors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cvetkovska, Marina}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04079-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {553-554}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Algae use the underwater light spectrum to sense depth}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Striving for open-source and equitable speech-to-speech translation. NATURE, 637(8046), 551-553. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {US technology company Meta has produced an AI model that can directly translate speech in one language to speech in another. Two scientists discuss the technical feats and ethical questions that underpin this advance in machine translation. Two perspectives on speech-to-speech machine translation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Alumäe, Tanel and Koenecke, Allison}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04095-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {551-553}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Striving for open-source and equitable speech-to-speech translation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Did pluto ‘kiss and capture’ its largest moon?. NATURE, 637(8046), 550. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cutting-edge simulations reveal a new potential mechanism by which Pluto trapped its biggest satellite, Charon. A new potential mechanism by which Pluto trapped Charon.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mitchinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00034-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {550}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Did pluto ‘kiss and capture’ its largest moon?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A lipid made by tumour cells reprograms immune cells. NATURE, 637(8046), 549-551. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Cancer cells often become unresponsive to multiple types of therapy. It emerges that these ‘cross-resistant’ tumour cells release lipids that reprogram cells called monocytes to stop them from activating tumour-targeting T cells. Insights into how cancer cells become unresponsive to therapy.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Buzzai, Anthony C. and Tüting, Thomas}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03855-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {549-551}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A lipid made by tumour cells reprograms immune cells}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). AlphaFold 3 is great — But it still needs human help to get chemistry right. NATURE, 637(8046), 548. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Steinkellner, Georg and Kroutil, Wolfgang and Gruber, Karl and Gruber, Christian C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00111-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {548}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {AlphaFold 3 is great — But it still needs human help to get chemistry right}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Philanthropic foundations must step in to shield science from trump’s cuts. NATURE, 637(8046), 548. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pierson, Leah and Pierson, Emma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00112-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {548}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Philanthropic foundations must step in to shield science from trump’s cuts}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Advising policymakers can’t be taught — Researchers must learn by doing. NATURE, 637(8046), 548. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Obermeister, Noam and Hulme, Mike}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00113-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {548}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Advising policymakers can’t be taught — Researchers must learn by doing}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Remove subsidies to solve india’s fertilizer-overuse problem. NATURE, 637(8046), 548. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Holland, Jonathan and Behrendt, Karl and Ghosh, Bikramaditya}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00114-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {548}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Remove subsidies to solve india’s fertilizer-overuse problem}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to sustain scientific collaboration amid worsening US–China relations. NATURE, 637(8046), 545-547. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers need to define ‘safe zones’ for joint work in which the benefits outweigh the political risks. Here’s how. Researchers need to define ‘safe zones’ for joint work in which the benefits outweigh the political risks. Here’s how.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Karplus, Valerie J. and Xue, Lan and Morgan, M. Granger and He, Kebin and Victor, David G. and Zhang, Shuang-Nan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00033-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {545-547}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to sustain scientific collaboration amid worsening US–China relations}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pictograms, comics and other illustrations: Books in brief. NATURE, 637(8046), 543. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks. Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Robinson, Andrew}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00056-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {543}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pictograms, comics and other illustrations: Books in brief}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The astonishing scientists who starved to protect plants during the second world war. NATURE, 637(8046), 541-543. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The trials and tribulations of the world’s first seed bank reveal botanists’ enormous generosity and sacrifice during the siege of Leningrad. The trials and tribulations of the world’s first seed bank reveal botanists’ enormous generosity and sacrifice during the siege of Leningrad.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ings, Simon}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00055-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {541-543}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The astonishing scientists who starved to protect plants during the second world war}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A new vision for how evolution works is long overdue. NATURE, 637(8046), 539-541. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The idea that evolution is driven by an organism’s development — not just the natural selection of its genes — challenges a dearly held orthodoxy among evolutionary biologists. The idea that evolution is driven by an organism’s development — not just the natural selection of its genes — challenges a dearly held orthodoxy among evolutionary biologists.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jablonka, Eva}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00054-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {539-541}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A new vision for how evolution works is long overdue}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Air pollution and brain damage: What the science says. NATURE, 637(8046), 536-538. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Epidemiological studies have linked dirty air to dementia and other brain disorders. Now researchers are trying to determine how pollutants do their damage, and how much harm they cause. Epidemiological studies have linked dirty air to dementia and other brain disorders. Now researchers are trying to determine how pollutants do their damage, and how much harm they cause.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Drew, Liam}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00053-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {536-538}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Air pollution and brain damage: What the science says}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What trump 2.0 means for science: The likely winners and losers. NATURE, 637(8046), 532-535. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The incoming US president is expected to gut support for research on the environment and infectious diseases, but could buoy work in artificial intelligence, quantum research and space exploration. The incoming US president is expected to gut support for research on the environment and infectious diseases, but could buoy work in artificial intelligence, quantum research and space exploration.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Nicola and Witze, Alexandra and Tollefson, Jeff and Kozlov, Max}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00052-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {532-535}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What trump 2.0 means for science: The likely winners and losers}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘WithdrarXiv’ database of 14,000 retracted preprints launches. NATURE, 637(8046), 530. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A trove of data is providing insights into the main reasons studies are pulled from the arXiv preprint platform. A trove of data is providing insights into the main reasons studies are pulled from the arXiv preprint platform.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Singh Chawla, Dalmeet}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00011-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {530}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘WithdrarXiv’ database of 14,000 retracted preprints launches}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Physicists describe exotic ‘paraparticles’ that defy categorization. NATURE, 637(8046), 529-530. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Theoretical study predicts the existence of particles that are neither bosons nor fermions — and hints at applications in quantum computing. Theoretical study predicts the existence of particles that are neither bosons nor fermions — and hints at applications in quantum computing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Castelvecchi, Davide}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00030-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {529-530}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Physicists describe exotic ‘paraparticles’ that defy categorization}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). NASA still has no plan for how to bring precious mars rocks to earth. NATURE, 637(8046), 528-529. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The US$2.7-billion Perseverance rover collected the samples looking for evidence of past life, but NASA is dithering about how to get them off the red planet. The US$2.7-billion Perseverance rover collected the samples looking for evidence of past life, but NASA is dithering about how to get them off the Red Planet.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00022-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {528-529}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {NASA still has no plan for how to bring precious mars rocks to earth}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What will viruses do next? AI is helping scientists predict their evolution. NATURE, 637(8046), 527-528. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Forecasts of viral variation could improve vaccine and antiviral treatments ahead of time. Forecasts of viral variation could improve vaccine and antiviral treatments ahead of time.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mallapaty, Smriti}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04195-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {527-528}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What will viruses do next? AI is helping scientists predict their evolution}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Spacecraft makes closest-ever fly-by of sun: What the trip will tell us. NATURE, 637(8046), 526-527. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {NASA’s Parker Solar Probe could solve the mysteries of the solar wind and test Einstein’s theory of relativity. NASA’s Parker Solar Probe could solve the mysteries of the solar wind and test Einstein’s theory of relativity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Witze, Alexandra}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00009-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {526-527}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Spacecraft makes closest-ever fly-by of sun: What the trip will tell us}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘Precocious’ early-career scientists with high citation counts proliferate. NATURE, 637(8046), 525-526. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Researchers have questions about how so many authors have racked up a large number of citations so quickly, although some of those authors are honest overachievers. Researchers have questions about how so many authors have racked up a large number of citations so quickly, although some of those authors are honest overachievers.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Soliman, Alix}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04006-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {525-526}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘Precocious’ early-career scientists with high citation counts proliferate}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why don’t new memories overwrite old ones? sleep science holds clues. NATURE, 637(8046), 524-525. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Research in mice points towards a mechanism that avoids ‘catastrophic forgetting’. Research in mice points towards a mechanism that avoids ‘catastrophic forgetting’.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Watson, Traci}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04232-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {524-525}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why don’t new memories overwrite old ones? sleep science holds clues}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Earth shattered heat records in 2023 and 2024: Is global warming speeding up?. NATURE, 637(8046), 523-524. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature examines whether the temperature spike is a blip or an enduring — and concerning — trend. Nature examines whether the temperature spike is a blip or an enduring — and concerning — trend.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Tollefson, Jeff}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04242-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {523-524}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Earth shattered heat records in 2023 and 2024: Is global warming speeding up?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Particle accelerators get an assist from AI co-pilots. NATURE, 637(8046), 521. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Large language models can propose fine-tuning adjustments for an electron accelerator in Germany. Large language models can propose fine-tuning adjustments for an electron accelerator in Germany.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00005-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {521}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Particle accelerators get an assist from AI co-pilots}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Cosmic carnage: Planetary rubble spotted at a dying star. NATURE, 637(8046), 521. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Dust cloud is thought to be the first debris disk to be seen around a planetary nebula. Dust cloud is thought to be the first debris disk to be seen around a planetary nebula.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00006-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {521}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Cosmic carnage: Planetary rubble spotted at a dying star}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How the brain cleans itself during deep sleep. NATURE, 637(8046), 521. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Blood vessels in the brain rhythmically constrict and dilate to drive waves of cleansing fluid through the organ. Blood vessels in the brain rhythmically constrict and dilate to drive waves of cleansing fluid through the organ.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00007-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {521}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How the brain cleans itself during deep sleep}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Male spiders smell with their legs. NATURE, 637(8046), 521. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Sensory organs on the walking legs of the male wasp spider can catch the scent of a female in a mood for romance. Sensory organs on the walking legs of the male wasp spider can catch the scent of a female in a mood for romance.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00008-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {521}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Male spiders smell with their legs}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Social-media bans won’t work — There are better ways to keep kids safe. NATURE, 637(8046), 519. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Planned bans — such as in Australia — should be replaced with research and resources to educate parents and carers about the best ways to manage their children’s use of social media. Planned bans — such as in Australia — should be replaced with research and resources to educate parents and carers about the best ways to manage their children’s use of social media.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Campbell, Marilyn}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00051-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {519}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Social-media bans won’t work — There are better ways to keep kids safe}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How science recruiters and job applicants can get on the same page. NATURE, 637(8046), 518. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Nature’s survey of hiring in science has revealed a gulf between the expectations of people looking for jobs in science and those who hire. Nature’s survey of hiring in science has revealed a gulf between the expectations of people looking for jobs in science and those who hire.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00049-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {518}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How science recruiters and job applicants can get on the same page}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dear donald trump: A letter from nature on how to make science thrive. NATURE, 637(8046), 517. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The US federal government can harness science to secure the health, prosperity and safety of Americans and the world. The US federal government can harness science to secure the health, prosperity and safety of Americans and the world.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00050-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8046}, pages = {517}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dear donald trump: A letter from nature on how to make science thrive}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: An integrated transcriptomic cell atlas of human neural organoids. NATURE, 637(8045), E21. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {He, Zhisong and Dony, Leander and Fleck, Jonas Simon and Szałata, Artur and Li, Katelyn X. and Slišković, Irena and Lin, Hsiu-Chuan and Santel, Malgorzata and Atamian, Alexander and Quadrato, Giorgia and Sun, Jieran and Pașca, Sergiu P. and Camp, J. Gray and Theis, Fabian J. and Treutlein, Barbara}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08482-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E21}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: An integrated transcriptomic cell atlas of human neural organoids}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway. NATURE, 637(8045), E20. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ramirez, Sydney I. and Faraji, Farhoud and Hills, L. Benjamin and Lopez, Paul G. and Goodwin, Benjamin and Stacey, Hannah D. and Sutton, Henry J. and Hastie, Kathryn M. and Saphire, Erica Ollmann and Kim, Hyun Jik and Mashoof, Sara and Yan, Carol H. and DeConde, Adam S. and Levi, Gina and Crotty, Shane}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08519-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E20}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: HRG-9 homologues regulate haem trafficking from haem-enriched compartments. NATURE, 637(8045), E19. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Sun, Fengxiu and Zhao, Zhenzhen and Willoughby, Mathilda M. and Shen, Shuaiqi and Zhou, Yu and Shao, Yiyan and Kang, Jing and Chen, Yongtian and Chen, Mengying and Yuan, Xiaojing and Hamza, Iqbal and Reddi, Amit R. and Chen, Caiyong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08428-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E19}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: HRG-9 homologues regulate haem trafficking from haem-enriched compartments}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries. NATURE, 637(8045), E18. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Benjamin-Chung, Jade and Mertens, Andrew and Colford, John M. and Hubbard, Alan E. and van der Laan, Mark J. and Coyle, Jeremy and Sofrygin, Oleg and Cai, Wilson and Nguyen, Anna and Pokpongkiat, Nolan N. and Djajadi, Stephanie and Seth, Anmol and Jilek, Wendy and Jung, Esther and Chung, Esther O. and Rosete, Sonali and Hejazi, Nima and Malenica, Ivana and Li, Haodong and Hafen, Ryan and Subramoney, Vishak and Häggström, Jonas and Norman, Thea and Brown, Kenneth H. and Christian, Parul and Arnold, Benjamin F.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08344-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E18}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Amino acids and KLHL22 do not activate mTORC1 via DEPDC5 degradation. NATURE, 637(8045), E15-E17. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Jie and Ou, Yuhui and Liu, Ying}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07975-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E15-E17}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Amino acids and KLHL22 do not activate mTORC1 via DEPDC5 degradation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Amino acids and KLHL22 do not activate mTORC1 via DEPDC5 degradation. NATURE, 637(8045), E11-E14. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Valenstein, Max L. and Lalgudi, Pranav V. and Kedir, Jibril F. and Condon, Kendall J. and Platzek, Anna and Freund, Daniel G. and Taylor, Martin S. and Xu, Yunhan and Chivukula, Raghu R. and Sabatini, David M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07974-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {E11-E14}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Amino acids and KLHL22 do not activate mTORC1 via DEPDC5 degradation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The trill of the chase: Recording birdsong in ireland’s disappearing wilderness. NATURE, 637(8045), 510. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Seán Ronayne’s quest is to record all common bird species in Ireland, sharing both happy and sad stories about wildlife. Seán Ronayne’s quest is to record all common bird species in Ireland, sharing both happy and sad stories about wildlife.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ro, Christine}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04219-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {510}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The trill of the chase: Recording birdsong in ireland’s disappearing wilderness}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). ‘One of the last taboos’: Breaking the stigma of substance-use disorders in academia. NATURE, 637(8045), 505-507. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Those recovering from drug or alcohol misuse speak up — and say they wish more researchers could do so freely at work. Those recovering from drug or alcohol misuse speak up — and say they wish more researchers could do so freely at work.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wild, Sarah}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04218-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {505-507}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {‘One of the last taboos’: Breaking the stigma of substance-use disorders in academia}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mis-splicing of a neuronal microexon promotes CPEB4 aggregation in ASD. NATURE, 637(8045), 496-503. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The inclusion of microexons by alternative splicing occurs frequently in neuronal proteins. The roles of these sequences are largely unknown, and changes in their degree of inclusion are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders1. We have previously shown that decreased inclusion of a 24-nucleotide neuron-specific microexon in CPEB4, a RNA-binding protein that regulates translation through cytoplasmic changes in poly(A) tail length, is linked to idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD)2. Why this microexon is required and how small changes in its degree of inclusion have a dominant-negative effect on the expression of ASD-linked genes is unclear. Here we show that neuronal CPEB4 forms condensates that dissolve after depolarization, a transition associated with a switch from translational repression to activation. Heterotypic interactions between the microexon and a cluster of histidine residues prevent the irreversible aggregation of CPEB4 by competing with homotypic interactions between histidine clusters. We conclude that the microexon is required in neuronal CPEB4 to preserve the reversible regulation of CPEB4-mediated gene expression in response to neuronal stimulation. The molecular mechanisms of how small changes in the degree of inclusion of a neuron-specific microexon in CPEB4 lead to dominant-negative effects in the expression of genes associated with autism spectrum disorder are identified.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Garcia-Cabau, Carla and Bartomeu, Anna and Tesei, Giulio and Cheung, Kai Chit and Pose-Utrilla, Julia and Picó, Sara and Balaceanu, Andreea and Duran-Arqué, Berta and Fernández-Alfara, Marcos and Martín, Judit and De Pace, Cesare and Ruiz-Pérez, Lorena and García, Jesús and Battaglia, Giuseppe and Lucas, José J. and Hervás, Rubén and Lindorff-Larsen, Kresten and Méndez, Raúl and Salvatella, Xavier}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08289-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {496-503}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mis-splicing of a neuronal microexon promotes CPEB4 aggregation in ASD}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Tracking transcription–translation coupling in real time. NATURE, 637(8045), 487-495. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A central question in biology is how macromolecular machines function cooperatively. In bacteria, transcription and translation occur in the same cellular compartment, and can be physically and functionally coupled1–4. Although high-resolution structures of the ribosome–RNA polymerase (RNAP) complex have provided initial mechanistic insights into the coupling process5–10, we lack knowledge of how these structural snapshots are placed along a dynamic reaction trajectory. Here we reconstitute a complete and active transcription–translation system and develop multi-colour single-molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments to directly and simultaneously track transcription elongation, translation elongation and the physical and functional coupling between the ribosome and the RNAP in real time. Our data show that physical coupling between ribosome and RNAP can occur over hundreds of nucleotides of intervening mRNA by mRNA looping, a process facilitated by NusG. We detect active transcription elongation during mRNA looping and show that NusA-paused RNAPs can be activated by the ribosome by long-range physical coupling. Conversely, the ribosome slows down while colliding with the RNAP. We hereby provide an alternative explanation for how the ribosome can efficiently rescue RNAP from frequent pausing without requiring collisions by a closely trailing ribosome. Overall, our dynamic data mechanistically highlight an example of how two central macromolecular machineries, the ribosome and RNAP, can physically and functionally cooperate to optimize gene expression. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy experiments with a recombinant Escherichia coli transcription–translation system provides insights into the coordination of the transcription and translation machineries mediated by the intervening mRNA.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Qureshi, Nusrat Shahin and Duss, Olivier}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08308-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {487-495}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Tracking transcription–translation coupling in real time}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Learning-associated astrocyte ensembles regulate memory recall. NATURE, 637(8045), 478-486. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The physical manifestations of memory formation and recall are fundamental questions that remain unresolved1. At the cellular level, ensembles of neurons called engrams are activated by learning events and control memory recall1–5. Astrocytes are found in close proximity to neurons and engage in a range of activities that support neurotransmission and circuit plasticity6–10. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit experience-dependent plasticity11–13, although whether specific ensembles of astrocytes participate in memory recall remains obscure. Here we show that learning events induce c-Fos expression in a subset of hippocampal astrocytes, and that this subsequently regulates the function of the hippocampal circuit in mice. Intersectional labelling of astrocyte ensembles with c-Fos after learning events shows that they are closely affiliated with engram neurons, and reactivation of these astrocyte ensembles stimulates memory recall. At the molecular level, learning-associated astrocyte (LAA) ensembles exhibit elevated expression of nuclear factor I-A, and its selective deletion from this population suppresses memory recall. Taken together, our data identify LAA ensembles as a form of plasticity that is sufficient to provoke memory recall and indicate that astrocytes are an active component of the engram. A study in mice shows that learning induces c-Fos expression in a subset of astrocytes in the hippocampus, and that ensembles of these learning-associated astrocytes are involved in the recall of memories.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Williamson, Michael R. and Kwon, Wookbong and Woo, Junsung and Ko, Yeunjung and Maleki, Ehson and Yu, Kwanha and Murali, Sanjana and Sardar, Debosmita and Deneen, Benjamin}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08170-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {478-486}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Learning-associated astrocyte ensembles regulate memory recall}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A mechanism for hypoxia-induced inflammatory cell death in cancer. NATURE, 637(8045), 470-477. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hypoxic cancer cells resist many antineoplastic therapies and can seed recurrence1,2. We previously found that either deficiency or inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) promotes human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer cell death in hypoxia by activation of RNF213 (ref. 3), a large protein with multiple AAA-ATPase domains and two ubiquitin ligase domains (RING and RZ) implicated in Moyamoya disease, lipotoxicity and innate immunity4. Here we report that PTP1B and ABL1/2 reciprocally control RNF213 tyrosine phosphorylation and, consequently, its oligomerization and RZ domain activation. The RZ domain ubiquitylates and induces the degradation of the major NF-κB regulator CYLD/SPATA2. Decreased CYLD/SPATA2 levels lead to NF-κB activation and induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome which, together with hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers pyroptotic cell death. Consistent with this model, CYLD deletion phenocopies, whereas NLRP3 deletion blocks, the effects of PTP1B deficiency on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer xenograft growth. Reconstitution studies with RNF213 mutants confirm that the RZ domain mediates tumour cell death. In concert, our results identify a unique, potentially targetable PTP1B–RNF213–CYLD–SPATA2 pathway critical for the control of inflammatory cell death in hypoxic tumours, provide new insights into RNF213 regulation and have potential implications for the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease, inflammatory disorders and autoimmune disease. We find that PTP1B and ABL1/2 reciprocally control RNF213 tyrosine phosphorylation and its oligomerization and RZ domain activation, and identify a unique PTP1B–RNF213–CYLD–SPATA2 pathway critical for the control of inflammatory cell death in hypoxic tumours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bhardwaj, Abhishek and Panepinto, Maria C. and Ueberheide, Beatrix and Neel, Benjamin G.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08136-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {470-477}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A mechanism for hypoxia-induced inflammatory cell death in cancer}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). FBP1 controls liver cancer evolution from senescent MASH hepatocytes. NATURE, 637(8045), 461-469. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originates from differentiated hepatocytes undergoing compensatory proliferation in livers damaged by viruses or metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)1. While increasing HCC risk2, MASH triggers p53-dependent hepatocyte senescence3, which we found to parallel hypernutrition-induced DNA breaks. How this tumour-suppressive response is bypassed to license oncogenic mutagenesis and enable HCC evolution was previously unclear. Here we identified the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) as a p53 target that is elevated in senescent-like MASH hepatocytes but suppressed through promoter hypermethylation and proteasomal degradation in most human HCCs. FBP1 first declines in metabolically stressed premalignant disease-associated hepatocytes and HCC progenitor cells4,5, paralleling the protumorigenic activation of AKT and NRF2. By accelerating FBP1 and p53 degradation, AKT and NRF2 enhance the proliferation and metabolic activity of previously senescent HCC progenitors. The senescence-reversing and proliferation-supportive NRF2–FBP1–AKT–p53 metabolic switch, operative in mice and humans, also enhances the accumulation of DNA-damage-induced somatic mutations needed for MASH-to-HCC progression. The p53 target FBP1 is elevated in senescent-like metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis hepatocytes but suppressed through promoter hypermethylation and proteasomal degradation in most human hepatocellular carcinomas.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gu, Li and Zhu, Yahui and Nandi, Shuvro P. and Lee, Maiya and Watari, Kosuke and Bareng, Breanna and Ohira, Masafumi and Liu, Yuxiao and Sakane, Sadatsugu and Carlessi, Rodrigo and Sauceda, Consuelo and Dhar, Debanjan and Ganguly, Souradipta and Hosseini, Mojgan and Teneche, Marcos G. and Adams, Peter D. and Gonzalez, David J. and Kisseleva, Tatiana and Tirnitz-Parker, Janina E. E. and Simon, M. Celeste and Alexandrov, Ludmil B. and Karin, Michael}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08317-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {461-469}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {FBP1 controls liver cancer evolution from senescent MASH hepatocytes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Molecular mechanism of IgE-mediated FcεRI activation. NATURE, 637(8045), 453-460. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Allergic diseases affect more than a quarter of individuals in industrialized countries, and are a major public health concern1,2. The high-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E (FcεRI), which is mainly present on mast cells and basophils, has a crucial role in allergic diseases3–5. Monomeric immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to FcεRI regulates mast cell survival, differentiation and maturation6–8. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that prior to IgE binding, FcεRI exists mostly as a homodimer on human mast cell membranes. The structure of human FcεRI confirms the dimeric organization, with each promoter comprising one α subunit, one β subunit and two γ subunits. The transmembrane helices of the α subunits form a layered arrangement with those of the γ and β subunits. The dimeric interface is mediated by a four-helix bundle of the α and γ subunits at the intracellular juxtamembrane region. Cholesterol-like molecules embedded within the transmembrane domain may stabilize the dimeric assembly. Upon IgE binding, the dimeric FcεRI dissociates into two protomers, each of which binds to an IgE molecule. This process elicits transcriptional activation of Egr1, Egr3 and Ccl2 in rat basophils, which can be attenuated by inhibiting the FcεRI dimer-to-monomer transition. Collectively, our study reveals the mechanism of antigen-independent, IgE-mediated FcεRI activation. Biochemical and structural studies of the Fc immunoglobulin E receptor show that it exists as a homodimer on mast cell membranes, but dissociates upon IgE binding, exposing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs that enable downstream effector activation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen, Mengying and Su, Qiang and Shi, Yigong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08229-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {453-460}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Molecular mechanism of IgE-mediated FcεRI activation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Autoinhibition of dimeric NINJ1 prevents plasma membrane rupture. NATURE, 637(8045), 446-452. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lytic cell death culminates in plasma membrane rupture, which releases large intracellular molecules to augment the inflammatory response. Plasma membrane rupture is mediated by the effector membrane protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1)1, which polymerizes and ruptures the membrane via its hydrophilic face1–4. How NINJ1 is restrained under steady-state conditions to ensure cell survival remains unknown. Here we describe the molecular underpinnings of NINJ1 inhibition. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we determined the structure of inactive-state mouse NINJ1 bound to the newly developed nanobody Nb538. Inactive NINJ1 forms a face-to-face homodimer by adopting a three-helix conformation with unkinked transmembrane helix 1 (TM1), in contrast to the four-helix TM1-kinked active conformation2–4. Accordingly, endogenous NINJ1 from primary macrophages is a dimer under steady-state conditions. Inactive dimers sequester the membrane rupture-inducing hydrophilic face of NINJ1 and occlude the binding site for kinked TM1 from neighbouring activated NINJ1 molecules. Mutagenesis studies in cells show that destabilization of inactive face-to-face dimers leads to NINJ1-mediated cell death, whereas stabilization of face-to-face dimers inhibits NINJ1 activity. Moreover, destabilizing mutations prompt spontaneous TM1 kink formation, a hallmark of NINJ1 activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that dimeric NINJ1 is autoinhibited in trans to prevent unprovoked plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Structure-function studies reveal that the plasma membrane rupture protein NINJ1 homodimerizes through its hydrophilic membrane-rupturing face, thereby rendering NINJ1 inactive in the resting state.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Pourmal, Sergei and Truong, Melissa E. and Johnson, Matthew C. and Yang, Ying and Zhou, Lijuan and Alegre, Kamela and Stowe, Irma B. and Gupta, Shalini and Chen, Phoebe A. and Zhang, Yingnan and Rohou, Alexis and Newton, Kim and Kayagaki, Nobuhiko and Dixit, Vishva M. and Deshpande, Ishan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08273-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {446-452}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Autoinhibition of dimeric NINJ1 prevents plasma membrane rupture}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Foundation models for fast, label-free detection of glioma infiltration. NATURE, 637(8045), 439-445. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A critical challenge in glioma treatment is detecting tumour infiltration during surgery to achieve safe maximal resection1–3. Unfortunately, safely resectable residual tumour is found in the majority of patients with glioma after surgery, causing early recurrence and decreased survival4–6. Here we present FastGlioma, a visual foundation model for fast (<10 s) and accurate detection of glioma infiltration in fresh, unprocessed surgical tissue. FastGlioma was pretrained using large-scale self-supervision (around 4 million images) on rapid, label-free optical microscopy, and fine-tuned to output a normalized score that indicates the degree of tumour infiltration within whole-slide optical images. In a prospective, multicentre, international testing cohort of patients with diffuse glioma (n = 220), FastGlioma was able to detect and quantify the degree of tumour infiltration with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.1 ± 0.9%. FastGlioma outperformed image-guided and fluorescence-guided adjuncts for detecting tumour infiltration during surgery by a wide margin in a head-to-head, prospective study (n = 129). The performance of FastGlioma remained high across diverse patient demographics, medical centres and diffuse glioma molecular subtypes as defined by the World Health Organization. FastGlioma shows zero-shot generalization to other adult and paediatric brain tumour diagnoses, demonstrating the potential for our foundation model to be used as a general-purpose adjunct for guiding brain tumour surgeries. These findings represent the transformative potential of medical foundation models to unlock the role of artificial intelligence in the care of patients with cancer. FastGlioma is a visual foundation model for fast and accurate detection of glioma infiltration in fresh, unprocessed surgical tissue.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kondepudi, Akhil and Pekmezci, Melike and Hou, Xinhai and Scotford, Katie and Jiang, Cheng and Rao, Akshay and Harake, Edward S. and Chowdury, Asadur and Al-Holou, Wajd and Wang, Lin and Pandey, Aditya and Lowenstein, Pedro R. and Castro, Maria G. and Koerner, Lisa Irina and Roetzer-Pejrimovsky, Thomas and Widhalm, Georg and Camelo-Piragua, Sandra and Movahed-Ezazi, Misha and Orringer, Daniel A. and Lee, Honglak and Freudiger, Christian and Berger, Mitchel and Hervey-Jumper, Shawn and Hollon, Todd}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08169-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {439-445}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Foundation models for fast, label-free detection of glioma infiltration}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Haematological setpoints are a stable and patient-specific deep phenotype. NATURE, 637(8045), 430-438. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The complete blood count (CBC) is an important screening tool for healthy adults and a common test at periodic exams. However, results are usually interpreted relative to one-size-fits-all reference intervals1,2, undermining the precision medicine goal to tailor care for patients on the basis of their unique characteristics3,4. Here we study thousands of diverse patients at an academic medical centre and show that routine CBC indices fluctuate around stable values or setpoints5, and setpoints are patient-specific, with the typical healthy adult’s nine CBC setpoints distinguishable as a group from those of 98% of other healthy adults, and setpoint differences persist for at least 20 years. Haematological setpoints reflect a deep physiologic phenotype enabling investigation of acquired and genetic determinants of haematological regulation and its variation among healthy adults. Setpoints in apparently healthy adults were associated with significant variation in clinical risk: absolute risk of some common diseases and morbidities varied by more than 2% (heart attack and stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, osteoporosis), and absolute risk of all-cause 10 year mortality varied by more than 5%. Setpoints also define patient-specific reference intervals and personalize the interpretation of subsequent test results. In retrospective analysis, setpoints improved sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of some common conditions including diabetes, kidney disease, thyroid dysfunction, iron deficiency and myeloproliferative neoplasms. This study shows CBC setpoints are sufficiently stable and patient-specific to help realize the promise of precision medicine for healthy adults. Complete blood count indices are tightly regulated around setpoints for decades in healthy adults, and represent a deep phenotype providing opportunities for investigating differential disease risks, improving clinical care and advancing precision medicine.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Foy, Brody H. and Petherbridge, Rachel and Roth, Maxwell T. and Zhang, Cindy and De Souza, Daniel C. and Mow, Christopher and Patel, Hasmukh R. and Patel, Chhaya H. and Ho, Samantha N. and Lam, Evie and Powe, Camille E. and Hasserjian, Robert P. and Karczewski, Konrad J. and Tozzo, Veronica and Higgins, John M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08264-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {430-438}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Haematological setpoints are a stable and patient-specific deep phenotype}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment. NATURE, 637(8045), 422-429. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the fundamental role of bacterial strain variation in gut microbiota function1–6, the number of unique strains of a species that can stably colonize the human intestine is still unknown for almost all species. Here we determine the strain richness (SR) of common gut species using thousands of sequenced bacterial isolates with paired metagenomes. We show that SR varies across species, is transferable by faecal microbiota transplantation, and is uniquely low in the gut compared with soil and lake environments. Active therapeutic administration of supraphysiologic numbers of strains per species increases recipient SR, which then converges back to the population average after dosing is ceased. Stratifying engraftment outcomes by high or low SR shows that SR predicts microbial addition or replacement in faecal transplants. Together, these results indicate that properties of the gut ecosystem govern the number of strains of each species colonizing the gut and thereby influence strain addition and replacement in faecal microbiota transplantation and defined live biotherapeutic products. Strain richness of gut microbiota ecosystems is a key characteristic underpinning engraftment in faecal microbiota transplantation, and could improve the design of defined live biotherapeutic products with predictable outcomes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chen-Liaw, Alice and Aggarwala, Varun and Mogno, Ilaria and Haifer, Craig and Li, Zhihua and Eggers, Joseph and Helmus, Drew and Hart, Amy and Wehkamp, Jan and Lamousé-Smith, Esi S. N. and Kerby, Robert L. and Rey, Federico E. and Colombel, Jean Frédéric and Kamm, Michael A. and Olle, Bernat and Norman, Jason M. and Menon, Rajita and Watson, Andrea R. and Crossett, Emily and Terveer, Elisabeth M. and Keller, Josbert J. and Borody, Thomas J. and Grinspan, Ari and Paramsothy, Sudarshan and Kaakoush, Nadeem O. and Dubinsky, Marla C. and Faith, Jeremiah J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08242-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {422-429}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Placenta-tropic VEGF mRNA lipid nanoparticles ameliorate murine pre-eclampsia. NATURE, 637(8045), 412-421. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pre-eclampsia is a placental disorder that affects 3–5% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide1,2. With no drug available to slow disease progression, engineering ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for extrahepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to the placenta is an attractive therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia. Here we use high-throughput screening to evaluate a library of 98 LNP formulations in vivo and identify a placenta-tropic LNP (LNP 55) that mediates more than 100-fold greater mRNA delivery to the placenta in pregnant mice than a formulation based on the Food and Drug Administration-approved Onpattro LNP (DLin-MC3-DMA)3. We propose an endogenous targeting mechanism based on β2-glycoprotein I adsorption that enables LNP delivery to the placenta. In both inflammation- and hypoxia-induced models of pre-eclampsia, a single administration of LNP 55 encapsulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA resolves maternal hypertension until the end of gestation. In addition, with our VEGF mRNA LNP 55 therapeutic, we demonstrate improvements in fetal health and partially restore placental vasculature, the local and systemic immune landscape and serum levels of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, a clinical biomarker of pre-eclampsia1. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of this mRNA LNP platform for treating placental disorders such as pre-eclampsia. A platform for mRNA lipid nanoparticle delivery to the placenta to treat pre-eclampsia is shown to improve fetal and maternal health in mice and has potential clinical applications in obstetric disorders and women’s health.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Swingle, Kelsey L. and Hamilton, Alex G. and Safford, Hannah C. and Geisler, Hannah C. and Thatte, Ajay S. and Palanki, Rohan and Murray, Amanda M. and Han, Emily L. and Mukalel, Alvin J. and Han, Xuexiang and Joseph, Ryann A. and Ghalsasi, Aditi A. and Alameh, Mohamad-Gabriel and Weissman, Drew and Mitchell, Michael J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08291-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {412-421}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Placenta-tropic VEGF mRNA lipid nanoparticles ameliorate murine pre-eclampsia}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fetal hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome via fetuin-A. NATURE, 637(8045), 402-411. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The maintenance of genomic integrity in rapidly proliferating cells is a substantial challenge during embryonic development1–3. Although numerous cell-intrinsic mechanisms have been revealed4–7, little is known about genome-protective effects and influences of developmental tissue microenvironments on tissue-forming cells. Here we show that fetal liver hepatocytes provide protection to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) genomes. Lineage tracing and depletion in mice demonstrated that delayed hepatocyte development in early fetal livers increased the chromosomal instability of newly colonizing HSPCs. In addition, HSPCs developed tolerance to genotoxins in hepatocyte-conditioned medium, suggesting that hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome in a paracrine manner. Proteomic analyses demonstrated the enrichment of fetuin-A in hepatocyte-conditioned medium but not in early fetal livers. Fetuin-A activates a Toll-like receptor pathway to prevent pathogenic R-loop accumulation in HSPCs undergoing DNA replication and gene transcription in the fetal liver. Numerous haematopoietic regulatory genes frequently involved in leukaemogenic mutations are associated with R-loop-enriched regions. In Fetua-knockout mice, HSPCs showed increased genome instability and susceptibility to malignancy induction. Moreover, low concentrations of fetuin-A correlated with the oncogenesis of childhood leukaemia. Therefore, we uncover a mechanism operating in developmental tissues that offers tissue-forming cell genome protection and is implicated in developmental-related diseases. A mechanism is uncovered that results in fetal hepatocytes having a paracrine role in providing genome protection to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Guo, Xiao-Lin and Wang, Yi-Ding and Liu, Yan-Jun and Chu, Lei and Zhu, Hua and Hu, Ye and Wu, Ren-Yan and Xie, Hong-Yu and Yu, Juan and Li, Shui-Ping and Xiong, Zhao-Yang and Li, Ruo-Yan and Ke, Fang and Chen, Lei and Chen, Guo-Qiang and Chen, Liang and Bai, Fan and Enver, Tariq and Li, Guo-Hong and Li, Huai-Fang and Hong, Deng-Li}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08307-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {402-411}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fetal hepatocytes protect the HSPC genome via fetuin-A}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Nonlinear receptive fields evoke redundant retinal coding of natural scenes. NATURE, 637(8045), 394-401. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The role of the vertebrate retina in early vision is generally described by the efficient coding hypothesis1,2, which predicts that the retina reduces the redundancy inherent in natural scenes3 by discarding spatiotemporal correlations while preserving stimulus information4. It is unclear, however, whether the predicted decorrelation and redundancy reduction in the activity of ganglion cells, the retina’s output neurons, hold under gaze shifts, which dominate the dynamics of the natural visual input5. We show here that species-specific gaze patterns in natural stimuli can drive correlated spiking responses both in and across distinct types of ganglion cells in marmoset as well as mouse retina. These concerted responses disrupt redundancy reduction to signal fixation periods with locally high spatial contrast. Model-based analyses of ganglion cell responses to natural stimuli show that the observed response correlations follow from nonlinear pooling of ganglion cell inputs. Our results indicate cell-type-specific deviations from efficient coding in retinal processing of natural gaze shifts. Species-specific gaze shifts with natural stimuli drive correlated spiking in retinal ganglion cells.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Karamanlis, Dimokratis and Khani, Mohammad H. and Schreyer, Helene M. and Zapp, Sören J. and Mietsch, Matthias and Gollisch, Tim}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08212-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {394-401}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Nonlinear receptive fields evoke redundant retinal coding of natural scenes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pan-genome bridges wheat structural variations with habitat and breeding. NATURE, 637(8045), 384-393. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Wheat is the second largest food crop with a very good breeding system and pedigree record in China. Investigating the genomic footprints of wheat cultivars will unveil potential avenues for future breeding efforts1,2. Here we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of 17 wheat cultivars that chronicle the breeding history of China. Comparative genomic analysis uncovered a wealth of structural rearrangements, identifying 249,976 structural variations with 49.03% (122,567) longer than 5 kb. Cultivars developed in 1980s displayed significant accumulations of structural variations, a pattern linked to the extensive incorporation of European and American varieties into breeding programmes of that era. We further proved that structural variations in the centromere-proximal regions are associated with a reduction of crossover events. We showed that common wheat evolved from spring to winter types via mutations and duplications of the VRN-A1 gene as an adaptation strategy to a changing environment. We confirmed shifts in wheat cultivars linked to dietary preferences, migration and cultural integration in Northwest China. We identified large presence or absence variations of pSc200 tandem repeats on the 1RS terminal, suggesting its own rapid evolution in the wheat genome. The high-quality genome assemblies of 17 representatives developed and their good complementarity to the 10+ pan-genomes offer a robust platform for future genomics-assisted breeding in wheat. The pan-genome of 17 wheat cultivars grown in China is explored, providing insights into the breeding history of wheat in East Asia.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jiao, Chengzhi and Xie, Xiaoming and Hao, Chenyang and Chen, Liyang and Xie, Yuxin and Garg, Vanika and Zhao, Li and Wang, Zihao and Zhang, Yuqi and Li, Tian and Fu, Junjie and Chitikineni, Annapurna and Hou, Jian and Liu, Hongxia and Dwivedi, Girish and Liu, Xu and Jia, Jizeng and Mao, Long and Wang, Xiue and Appels, Rudi and Varshney, Rajeev K. and Guo, Weilong and Zhang, Xueyong}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08277-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {384-393}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pan-genome bridges wheat structural variations with habitat and breeding}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Self-organized patterning of crocodile head scales by compressive folding. NATURE, 637(8045), 375-383. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Amniote integumentary appendages constitute a diverse group of micro-organs, including feathers, hair and scales. These structures typically develop as genetically controlled units1, the spatial patterning of which emerges from a self-organized chemical Turing system2,3 with integrated mechanical feedback4,5. The seemingly purely mechanical patterning of polygonal crocodile head scales provides an exception to this paradigm6. However, the nature and origin of the mechanical stress field driving this patterning remain unclear. Here, using precise in ovo intravenous injections of epidermal growth factor protein, we generate Nile crocodile embryos with substantially convoluted head skin, as well as hatchlings with smaller polygonal head scales resembling those of caimans. We then use light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to quantify embryonic tissue-layer geometry, collagen architecture and the spatial distribution of proliferating cells. Using these data, we build a phenomenological three-dimensional mechanical growth model that recapitulates both normal and experimentally modified patterning of crocodile head scales. Our experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that crocodile head scales self-organize through compressive folding, originating from near-homogeneous skin growth with differential stiffness of the dermis versus the epidermis. Our experiments and theoretical morphospace analyses indicate that variation in embryonic growth and material properties of skin layers provides a simple evolutionary mechanism that produces a diversity of head-scale patterns among crocodilian species. Crocodile head scales self-organize through purely mechanical compressive skin folding rather than a patterning process controlled by gene interactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Santos-Durán, Gabriel N. and Cooper, Rory L. and Jahanbakhsh, Ebrahim and Timin, Grigorii and Milinkovitch, Michel C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08268-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {375-383}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Self-organized patterning of crocodile head scales by compressive folding}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How frictional ruptures and earthquakes nucleate and evolve. NATURE, 637(8045), 369-374. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Frictional motion is mediated by rapidly propagating ruptures that detach the ensemble of contacts forming the frictional interface between contacting bodies1–7. These ruptures are similar to shear cracks. When this process takes place in natural faults, these rapid ruptures are essentially earthquakes8,9. Although fracture mechanics describe the rapid motion of these singular objects, the nucleation process that creates them is not understood10–19. Here we fully describe the nucleation process by extending fracture mechanics to explicitly incorporate finite interface widths (which are generally ignored20,21). We show, experimentally and theoretically, that slow steady creep ensues at a well-defined stress threshold. Moreover, as slowly creeping patches approach the interface width, a topological transition takes place in which these creeping patches smoothly transition to the rapid fracture that is described by classical fracture mechanics22–26. Apart from its relevance to fracture and material strength, this new picture of rupture nucleation dynamics is directly relevant to earthquake nucleation dynamics; slow, aseismic rupture must always precede rapid seismic rupture (so long as the initial defect in the interface is localized in both spatial dimensions). The theory may provide a new framework for understanding how and when earthquakes nucleate. Experimental and theoretical evidence shows that incorporating finite interface widths extends fracture mechanics to include crack (and earthquake) nucleation; slow steady creep occurring at a well-defined stress threshold.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Gvirtzman, Shahar and Kammer, David S. and Adda-Bedia, Mokhtar and Fineberg, Jay}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08287-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {369-374}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How frictional ruptures and earthquakes nucleate and evolve}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Emergence of a distinct mechanism of C–N bond formation in photoenzymes. NATURE, 637(8045), 362-368. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {C–N bond formation is integral to modern chemical synthesis owing to the ubiquity of nitrogen heterocycles in small-molecule pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Alkene hydroamination with unactivated alkenes is an atom-economical strategy for constructing these bonds. However, these reactions are challenging to render asymmetric when preparing fully substituted carbon stereocentres. Here we report a photoenzymatic alkene hydroamination to prepare 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines by a Baeyer–Villiger mono-oxygenase. Five rounds of protein engineering afforded a mutant, providing excellent product yield and stereoselectivity. Unlike related photochemical hydroaminations, which rely on the oxidation of the amine or alkene for C–N bond formation, this work exploits a through-space interaction of a reductively generated benzylic radical and the nitrogen lone pair. This antibonding interaction lowers the oxidation potential of the radical, enabling electron transfer to the flavin cofactor. Experiments indicate that the enzyme microenvironment is essential in enabling a innovative C–N bond formation mechanism with no parallel in small-molecule catalysis. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the substrate in the enzyme active site, which further support this hypothesis. This work is a rare example of an emerging mechanism in non-natural biocatalysis in which an enzyme has access to a mechanism that its individual components do not. Our study showcases the potential of enhancing emergent mechanisms using protein engineering to provide unique mechanistic solutions to unanswered challenges in chemical synthesis. This study highlights an emergent mechanism in non-natural biocatalysis, showcasing the role of protein engineering in addressing challenges in chemical synthesis.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Raps, Felix C. and Rivas-Souchet, Ariadna and Jones, Chey M. and Hyster, Todd K.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08138-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {362-368}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Emergence of a distinct mechanism of C–N bond formation in photoenzymes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light-harvesting microelectronic devices for wireless electrosynthesis. NATURE, 637(8045), 354-361. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has accelerated academic and industrial chemical research in reaction development and drug discovery and has been broadly applied in many domains of organic chemistry1,2. However, application of HTE in electrosynthesis—an enabling tool for chemical synthesis—has been limited by a dearth of suitable standardized reactors3–7. Here we report the development of microelectronic devices, which are produced using standard nanofabrication techniques, to enable wireless electrosynthesis on the microlitre scale. These robust and inexpensive devices are powered by visible light and convert any traditional 96-well or 384-well plate into an electrochemical reactor. We validate the devices in oxidative, reductive and paired electrolysis and further apply them to achieve the library synthesis of biologically active compounds and accelerate the development of two electrosynthetic methodologies. We anticipate that, by simplifying the way electrochemical reactions are set up, this user-friendly solution will not only enhance the experience and efficiency of current practitioners but also substantially reduce the barrier for nonspecialists to enter the field of electrosynthesis, thus allowing the broader community of synthetic chemists to explore and benefit from new reactivities and synthetic strategies enabled by electrochemistry8–12. A method to produce wireless microelectronic devices powered by light using standard nanofabrication techniques is described to convert any traditional 96-well or 384-well plate into an electrochemical reactor that can drive reactions in high throughput.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Górski, Bartosz and Rein, Jonas and Norris, Samantha and Ji, Yanxin and McEuen, Paul L. and Lin, Song}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08373-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {354-361}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light-harvesting microelectronic devices for wireless electrosynthesis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Dynamic supramolecular snub cubes. NATURE, 637(8045), 347-353. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mimicking the superstructures and properties of spherical biological encapsulants such as viral capsids1 and ferritin2 offers viable pathways to understand their chiral assemblies and functional roles in living systems. However, stereospecific assembly of artificial polyhedra with mechanical properties and guest-binding attributes akin to biological encapsulants remains a formidable challenge. Here we report the stereospecific assembly of dynamic supramolecular snub cubes from 12 helical macrocycles, which are held together by 144 weak C–H hydrogen bonds3. The enantiomerically pure snub cubes, which have external diameters of 5.1 nm, contain 2,712 atoms and chiral cavities with volumes of 6,215 Å3. The stereospecific assembly of left- and right-handed snub cubes was achieved by means of a hierarchical chirality transfer protocol4, which was streamlined by diastereoselective crystallization. In addition to their reversible photochromic behaviour, the snub cubes exhibit photocontrollable elasticity and hardness in their crystalline states. The snub cubes can accommodate numerous small guest molecules simultaneously and encapsulate two different guest molecules separately inside the uniquely distinct compartments in their frameworks. This research expands the scope of artificial supramolecular assemblies to imitate the chiral superstructures, dynamic features and binding properties of spherical biomacromolecules and also establishes a protocol for construction of crystalline materials with photocontrollable mechanical properties. Left- and right-handed snub cubes show photocontrollable elasticity and hardness, in addition to the ability to encapsulate different small molecules in distinct compartments simultaneously, with potential applications in the development of advanced biomimetic materials.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wu, Huang and Wang, Yu and Đorđević, Luka and Kundu, Pramita and Bhunia, Surojit and Chen, Aspen X.-Y. and Feng, Liang and Shen, Dengke and Liu, Wenqi and Zhang, Long and Song, Bo and Wu, Guangcheng and Liu, Bai-Tong and Yang, Moon Young and Yang, Yong and Stern, Charlotte L. and Stupp, Samuel I. and Goddard, William A. and Hu, Wenping and Stoddart, J. Fraser}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08266-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {347-353}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Dynamic supramolecular snub cubes}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Li2ZrF6-based electrolytes for durable lithium metal batteries. NATURE, 637(8045), 339-346. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries1–3. However, Li dendrites formed by the reaction between highly active Li and non-aqueous electrolytes lead to safety concerns and rapid capacity decay4–7. Developing a reliable solid–electrolyte interphase is critical for realizing high-rate and long-life LMBs, but remains technically challenging4,8. Here we demonstrate that adding excess m-Li2ZrF6 (monoclinic) nanoparticles to a commercial LiPF6-containing carbonate electrolyte of LMBs facilitates the release of abundant ZrF62– ions into the electrolyte driven by the applied voltage, converting to t-Li2ZrF6 (trigonal) and creating a stable solid–electrolyte interphase in situ with high Li-ion conductivity. Computational and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the in situ formation of the t-Li2ZrF6-rich solid–electrolyte interphase markedly enhanced Li-ion transfer and suppressed the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, LMBs assembled with LiFePO4 cathodes (areal loading, 1.8/2.2 mAh cm−2), three-dimensional Li–carbon anodes (50-µm-thick Li) and Li2ZrF6-based electrolyte displayed greatly improved cycling stability with high capacity retention (>80.0%) after 3,000 cycles (1C/2C rate). This achievement represents leading performance and, thus, delivers a reliable Li2ZrF6-based electrolyte for durable LMBs under practical high-rate conditions. Adding excess m-Li2ZrF6 (monoclinic) nanoparticles to a commercial LiPF6-containing carbonate electrolyte forms a stable interphase rich in t-Li2ZrF6 (trigonal), enhancing Li-ion transfer, suppressing dendrite growth and considerably improving the cycling stability of high-rate lithium metal batteries.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Xu, Qingshuai and Li, Tan and Ju, Zhijin and Chen, Guangxu and Ye, Daiqi and Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N. and Lu, Yingying and Lai, Xuejun and Zhou, Guangmin and Guo, Lin and Yan, Keyou and Tao, Xinyong and Li, Hong and Qiu, Yongcai}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08294-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {339-346}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Li2ZrF6-based electrolytes for durable lithium metal batteries}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Longitudinal strain enhancement and bending deformations in piezoceramics. NATURE, 637(8045), 333-338. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Piezoelectric materials directly convert between electrical and mechanical energies. They are used as transducers in applications such as nano-positioning and ultrasound imaging. Improving the properties of these devices requires piezoelectric materials capable of delivering a large longitudinal strain on the application of an electric field. A large longitudinal strain of more than 1% is generally anticipated in suitably oriented single crystals of specific compositions of ferroelectric materials1. Polycrystalline piezoceramics typically show a longitudinal strain of approximately 0.2–0.4%. We demonstrate that when the thickness of a polycrystalline piezoceramic is reduced to such an extent that a large fraction of the grains are in the triaxial–biaxal crossover regime, the domain-switching fraction increases considerably. If the positive and the negative surfaces of the piezoceramic respond to electric fields symmetrically, as in the classical PbZrxTixO3, a longitudinal strain of approximately 1% can be achieved in a 0.2 mm disc of the morphotropic phase boundary composition (a 300% increase from a thickness of 0.7 mm). We show that oxygen vacancies in piezoceramics cause asymmetrical switching at the positive and negative surfaces, which causes thin piezoceramics to bend. We expect these findings will encourage further engineering of these mechanisms across different piezoelectric material systems, opening new applications for electromechanical actuation. We find that if the thickness of a polycrystalline piezoceramic is reduced such that a large fraction of the grains are in the triaxial–biaxal crossover regime, the longitudinal strain is enhanced and the piezoceramic bends.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Das Adhikary, Gobinda and Adukkadan, Anil and Muleta, Gudeta Jafo and Monika and Singh, Ram Prakash and Singh, Digvijay Narayan and Luo, Harvey and Tina, Getaw Abebe and Giles, Luke and Checchia, Stefano and Daniels, John and Ranjan, Rajeev}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08292-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {333-338}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Longitudinal strain enhancement and bending deformations in piezoceramics}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Excitons in the fractional quantum hall effect. NATURE, 637(8045), 327-332. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Excitons, Coulomb-driven bound states of electrons and holes, are typically composed of integer charges1,2. However, in bilayer systems influenced by charge fractionalization3,4, a more interesting form of interlayer exciton can emerge, in which pairing occurs between constituents that carry fractional charges. Despite numerous theoretical predictions for these fractional excitons5–16, their experimental observation has remained unexplored. Here we report transport signatures of excitonic pairing in fractional quantum Hall effect states. By probing the composition of these excitons and their impact on the underlying wavefunction, we discover two new types of quantum phases of matter. One of these can be viewed as the fractional counterpart of the exciton condensate at a total filling of 1, whereas the other involves a more unusual type of exciton that obeys non-bosonic quantum statistics, challenging the standard model of bosonic excitons. Excitonic pairing in fractional quantum Hall states shows two new quantum phases, including a fractional exciton condensate and an unusual type of exciton that obeys fermionic or anyonic quantum statistics.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Naiyuan J. and Nguyen, Ron Q. and Batra, Navketan and Liu, Xiaoxue and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Feldman, D. E. and Li, J. I. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08274-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {327-332}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Excitons in the fractional quantum hall effect}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model. NATURE, 637(8045), 319-326. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Tabular data, spreadsheets organized in rows and columns, are ubiquitous across scientific fields, from biomedicine to particle physics to economics and climate science1,2. The fundamental prediction task of filling in missing values of a label column based on the rest of the columns is essential for various applications as diverse as biomedical risk models, drug discovery and materials science. Although deep learning has revolutionized learning from raw data and led to numerous high-profile success stories3–5, gradient-boosted decision trees6–9 have dominated tabular data for the past 20 years. Here we present the Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network (TabPFN), a tabular foundation model that outperforms all previous methods on datasets with up to 10,000 samples by a wide margin, using substantially less training time. In 2.8 s, TabPFN outperforms an ensemble of the strongest baselines tuned for 4 h in a classification setting. As a generative transformer-based foundation model, this model also allows fine-tuning, data generation, density estimation and learning reusable embeddings. TabPFN is a learning algorithm that is itself learned across millions of synthetic datasets, demonstrating the power of this approach for algorithm development. By improving modelling abilities across diverse fields, TabPFN has the potential to accelerate scientific discovery and enhance important decision-making in various domains. Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network, a tabular foundation model, provides accurate predictions on small data and outperforms all previous methods on datasets with up to 10,000 samples by a wide margin.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Hollmann, Noah and Müller, Samuel and Purucker, Lennart and Krishnakumar, Arjun and Körfer, Max and Hoo, Shi Bin and Schirrmeister, Robin Tibor and Hutter, Frank}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08328-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {319-326}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Particle exchange statistics beyond fermions and bosons. NATURE, 637(8045), 314-318. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {It is commonly believed that there are only two types of particle exchange statistics in quantum mechanics, fermions and bosons, with the exception of anyons in two dimensions1–5. In principle, a second exception known as parastatistics, which extends outside two dimensions, has been considered6 but was believed to be physically equivalent to fermions and bosons7–9. Here we show that non-trivial parastatistics inequivalent to either fermions or bosons can exist in physical systems. These new types of identical particle obey generalized exclusion principles, leading to exotic free-particle thermodynamics distinct from any system of free fermions and bosons. We formulate our theory by developing a second quantization of paraparticles that naturally includes exactly solvable non-interacting theories and incorporates physical constraints such as locality. We then construct a family of exactly solvable quantum spin models in one and two dimensions, in which free paraparticles emerge as quasiparticle excitations, and their exchange statistics can be physically observed and are notably distinct from fermions and bosons. This demonstrates the possibility of a new type of quasiparticle in condensed matter systems and—more speculatively—the potential for previously unconsidered types of elementary particle. By developing a second quantization of paraparticles and constructing exactly solvable quantum spin models with emergent paraparticles, new theoretical evidence shows that non-trivial parastatistics inequivalent to either fermions or bosons can exist in physical systems.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wang, Zhiyuan and Hazzard, Kaden R. A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08262-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {314-318}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Particle exchange statistics beyond fermions and bosons}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals. NATURE, 637(8045), 304-313. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Influenza A viruses have caused more documented global pandemics in human history than any other pathogen1,2. High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to the H5N1 subtype are a leading pandemic risk. Two decades after H5N1 ‘bird flu’ became established in poultry in Southeast Asia, its descendants have resurged3, setting off a H5N1 panzootic in wild birds that is fuelled by: (1) rapid intercontinental spread, reaching South America and Antarctica for the first time4,5; (2) fast evolution via genomic reassortment6; and (3) frequent spillover into terrestrial7,8 and marine mammals9. The virus has sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission in multiple settings, including European fur farms10,11, South American marine mammals12–15 and US dairy cattle16–19, raising questions about whether humans are next. Historically, swine are considered optimal intermediary hosts that help avian influenza viruses adapt to mammals before jumping to humans20. However, the altered ecology of H5N1 has opened the door to new evolutionary pathways. Dairy cattle, farmed mink or South American sea lions may have the potential to serve as new mammalian gateways for transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans. In this Perspective, we explore the molecular and ecological factors driving the sudden expansion in H5N1 host range and assess the likelihood of different zoonotic pathways leading to an H5N1 pandemic. This Perspective reviews the molecular and ecological factors that have driven the expansion in geographical distribution and host species range of H5N1 avian influenza viruses, leading to the current panzootic.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Peacock, Thomas P. and Moncla, Louise and Dudas, Gytis and VanInsberghe, David and Sukhova, Ksenia and Lloyd-Smith, James O. and Worobey, Michael and Lowen, Anice C. and Nelson, Martha I.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08054-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {304-313}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reinventing type 2 immunity in cancer. NATURE, 637(8045), 296-303. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Our understanding of type 2 immunity has undergone a substantial transformation in recent years, revealing previously unknown functions. Beyond its canonical role in defence against parasitic helminth infections, type 2 immunity safeguards the host through additional mechanisms, including the suppression of excessive type 1 immune responses, regulation of tissue repair and maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. However, unlike type 1 immune responses, type 2 immunity is perceived as a potential promoter of tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence challenges this perspective, painting a more nuanced picture in which type 2 immunity might protect against or even actively suppress tumour growth and progression. In this Review, we explore discoveries that highlight the potential of type 2 immunity in reshaping the landscape of cancer immunotherapies. This Review addresses the roles of type 2 immunity in cancer and the potential for cancer immunotherapies targeting this pathway.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wagner, Marek and Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi and Koyasu, Shigeo}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08194-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {296-303}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reinventing type 2 immunity in cancer}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography. NATURE, 637(8045), 281-295. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Microscopy and crystallography are two essential experimental methodologies for advancing modern science. They complement one another, with microscopy typically relying on lenses to image the local structures of samples, and crystallography using diffraction to determine the global atomic structure of crystals. Over the past two decades, computational microscopy, encompassing coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) and ptychography, has advanced rapidly, unifying microscopy and crystallography to overcome their limitations. Here, I review the innovative developments in CDI and ptychography, which achieve exceptional imaging capabilities across nine orders of magnitude in length scales, from resolving atomic structures in materials at sub-ångstrom resolution to quantitative phase imaging of centimetre-sized tissues, using the same principle and similar computational algorithms. These methods have been applied to determine the 3D atomic structures of crystal defects and amorphous materials, visualize oxygen vacancies in high-temperature superconductors and capture ultrafast dynamics. They have also been used for nanoscale imaging of magnetic, quantum and energy materials, nanomaterials, integrated circuits and biological specimens. By harnessing fourth-generation synchrotron radiation, X-ray-free electron lasers, high-harmonic generation, electron microscopes, optical microscopes, cutting-edge detectors and deep learning, CDI and ptychography are poised to make even greater contributions to multidisciplinary sciences in the years to come. This review highlights transformative advancements in computational microscopy, encompassing coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography, which unify microscopy and crystallography to achieve unparalleled resolution, precision, and large fields of view, enabling diverse applications and driving breakthroughs across multidisciplinary sciences.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Miao, Jianwei}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08278-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {281-295}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Personalized ranges for blood-test results enable precision diagnostics. NATURE, 637(8045), 279-280. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In medicine, a person’s blood-test results are compared with the average range in a population. But results are highly individual and tightly regulated around a person’s own stable values. Changes to these values can indicate disease. Benefits of tracking if a person’s results differ from their setpoints.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meex, Steven J. R. and Aakre, Kristin Moberg}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03854-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {279-280}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Personalized ranges for blood-test results enable precision diagnostics}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What do people eat and why do they eat it?. NATURE, 637(8045), 278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A 1975 report sparks a debate about the place of sociology in human nutrition research, and a crystal-clear lecture on chemical morphology, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04124-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What do people eat and why do they eat it?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Electrochemical synthesis goes wireless. NATURE, 637(8045), 277-278. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Electrochemical reactions for organic synthesis typically require intricate, specialized equipment, slowing progress in this field. Minuscule electric generators now enable faster reaction discovery and development. High-throughput electrochemistry driven by microelectronic devices.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {O’Brien, Thomas M. and Lennox, Alastair J. J.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04106-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {277-278}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Electrochemical synthesis goes wireless}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How to ensure only dying cells rupture. NATURE, 637(8045), 276-277. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During some types of cell death, cells rupture to release molecules that cause inflammation. This must happen at the right time and place to restore health. How is the protein NINJ1 regulated so that cells break open only when they die? Regulation of NINJ1 protein prevents living cells from rupturing.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bernard, Elliott M. and Broz, Petr}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03851-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {276-277}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How to ensure only dying cells rupture}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The AI tool that can interpret any spreadsheet instantly. NATURE, 637(8045), 274-275. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Artificial intelligence is already used extensively to infer outcomes from tables of data, but this typically involves creating a model for each task. A one-size-fits-all model just made the process substantially easier. A generalized model for tabular machine learning.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {McElfresh, Duncan C.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03852-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {274-275}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The AI tool that can interpret any spreadsheet instantly}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Lipid-delivery system could treat life-threatening pregnancy complication. NATURE, 637(8045), 273-274. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Pre-eclampsia is a common and dangerous pregnancy-related illness. Using tiny lipid particles to deliver messenger RNA directly to the placenta to boost blood-vessel function might prove to be an effective treatment. Testing lipid nanoparticles for pre-eclampsia treatment.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thadhani, Ravi and Karumanchi, S. Ananth}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03853-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {273-274}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Lipid-delivery system could treat life-threatening pregnancy complication}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Biodiversity credits are more problematic than carbon credits. NATURE, 637(8045), 272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Law, Kelvin}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00017-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Biodiversity credits are more problematic than carbon credits}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Researchers: Concentrate on bread-and-butter issues to get political buy-in. NATURE, 637(8045), 272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Manning, Preston}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00018-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Researchers: Concentrate on bread-and-butter issues to get political buy-in}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Science communication has a problem — Communication. NATURE, 637(8045), 272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Muindi, Fanuel}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00019-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Science communication has a problem — Communication}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). To ensure trust, AI weather-forecast models still need training in physics. NATURE, 637(8045), 272. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Letter to the Editor}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Thorpe, Alan}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00020-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {272}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {To ensure trust, AI weather-forecast models still need training in physics}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How quantum mechanics emerged in a few revolutionary months 100 years ago. NATURE, 637(8045), 269-271. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {It began with concerns about the orbits used to explain the motion of electrons in atoms — but quantum theory ended up upending reality itself. It began with concerns about the orbits used to explain the motion of electrons in atoms — but quantum theory ended up upending reality itself.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Camilleri, Kristian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04217-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {269-271}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How quantum mechanics emerged in a few revolutionary months 100 years ago}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Why kids need to take more risks: Science reveals the benefits of wild, free play. NATURE, 637(8045), 266-268. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Studies reveal how risky play can benefit child development. But encouraging it can be a challenge for parents. Studies reveal how risky play can benefit child development. But encouraging it can be a challenge for parents.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nowogrodzki, Julian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04215-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {266-268}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Why kids need to take more risks: Science reveals the benefits of wild, free play}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Who built europe’s first cities? clues about the urban revolution emerge. NATURE, 637(8045), 262-265. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Around 6,000 years ago, a group known as the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture developed egalitarian settlements north of the Black Sea and created the region’s earliest urban centres. Then, after two millennia, they vanished. Around 6,000 years ago, a group known as the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture developed egalitarian settlements north of the Black Sea and created the region’s earliest urban centres. Then, after two millennia, they vanished.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Marris, Emma}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04216-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {262-265}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Who built europe’s first cities? clues about the urban revolution emerge}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fancy birds decorate nests with a natural pattern: Snakeskin. NATURE, 637(8045), 253. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The use of shed skins might help to ward off predators, experiments suggest. The use of shed skins might help to ward off predators, experiments suggest.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04174-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {253}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fancy birds decorate nests with a natural pattern: Snakeskin}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). We need to talk about human genome editing. NATURE, 637(8045), 252. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {In a few decades, gene-editing technologies could reduce the likelihood of common human diseases. Societies must use this time to prepare for their arrival. In a few decades, gene-editing technologies could reduce the likelihood of common human diseases. Societies must use this time to prepare for their arrival.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00015-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {252}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {We need to talk about human genome editing}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Quantum mechanics 100 years on: An unfinished revolution. NATURE, 637(8045), 251-252. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {A century ago, physics had its Darwinian moment — a change in perspective that was as consequential for the physical sciences as the theory of evolution by natural selection was for biology. A century ago, physics had its Darwinian moment — a change in perspective that was as consequential for the physical sciences as the theory of evolution by natural selection was for biology.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-025-00014-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8045}, pages = {251-252}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Quantum mechanics 100 years on: An unfinished revolution}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Publisher correction: Spatially restricted immune and microbiota-driven adaptation of the gut. NATURE, 637(8044), E10. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mayassi, Toufic and Li, Chenhao and Segerstolpe, Åsa and Brown, Eric M. and Weisberg, Rebecca and Nakata, Toru and Yano, Hiroshi and Herbst, Paula and Artis, David and Graham, Daniel B. and Xavier, Ramnik J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08446-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {E10}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Publisher correction: Spatially restricted immune and microbiota-driven adaptation of the gut}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Author correction: Global potential for natural regeneration in deforested tropical regions. NATURE, 637(8044), E9. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Williams, Brooke A. and Beyer, Hawthorne L. and Fagan, Matthew E. and Chazdon, Robin L. and Schmoeller, Marina and Sprenkle-Hyppolite, Starry and Griscom, Bronson W. and Watson, James E. M. and Tedesco, Anazélia M. and Gonzalez-Roglich, Mariano and Daldegan, Gabriel A. and Bodin, Blaise and Celentano, Danielle and Wilson, Sarah Jane and Rhodes, Jonathan R. and Alexandre, Nikola S. and Kim, Do-Hyung and Bastos, Diego and Crouzeilles, Renato}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08481-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {E9}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Author correction: Global potential for natural regeneration in deforested tropical regions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Reply to: Limitations of ice cores in reconstructing temperature seasonality. NATURE, 637(8044), E7-E8. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jones, Tyler R. and Cuffey, Kurt M. and Steig, Eric J. and Markle, Bradley R.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08182-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {E7-E8}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Reply to: Limitations of ice cores in reconstructing temperature seasonality}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Limitations of ice cores in reconstructing temperature seasonality. NATURE, 637(8044), E1-E6. (www)

  @article{ , archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Laepple, T. and Münch, T. and Hirsch, N. and Shaw, F. and Hörhold, M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08181-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {E1-E6}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Limitations of ice cores in reconstructing temperature seasonality}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Synthetic GPCRs for programmable sensing and control of cell behaviour. NATURE, 637(8044), 230-239. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Synthetic receptors that mediate antigen-dependent cell responses are transforming therapeutics, drug discovery and basic research1,2. However, established technologies such as chimeric antigen receptors3 can only detect immobilized antigens, have limited output scope and lack built-in drug control3–7. Here we engineer synthetic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are capable of driving a wide range of native or non-native cellular processes in response to a user-defined antigen. We achieve modular antigen gating by engineering and fusing a conditional auto-inhibitory domain onto GPCR scaffolds. Antigen binding to a fused nanobody relieves auto-inhibition and enables receptor activation by drug, thus generating programmable antigen-gated G-protein-coupled engineered receptors (PAGERs). We create PAGERs that are responsive to more than a dozen biologically and therapeutically important soluble and cell-surface antigens in a single step from corresponding nanobody binders. Different PAGER scaffolds allow antigen binding to drive transgene expression, real-time fluorescence or endogenous G-protein activation, enabling control of diverse cellular functions. We demonstrate multiple applications of PAGER, including induction of T cell migration along a soluble antigen gradient, control of macrophage differentiation, secretion of therapeutic antibodies and inhibition of neuronal activity in mouse brain slices. Owing to its modular design and generalizability, we expect PAGERs to have broad utility in discovery and translational science. Modular synthetic G-protein-coupled receptors with nanobody-based ligand-recognition domains can be designed and used to programme transgene expression, real-time fluorescence or endogenous G-protein activation in response to soluble or cell-surface ligands, enabling control of diverse cellular behaviours.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kalogriopoulos, Nicholas A. and Tei, Reika and Yan, Yuqi and Klein, Peter M. and Ravalin, Matthew and Cai, Bo and Soltesz, Ivan and Li, Yulong and Ting, Alice}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08282-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {230-239}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Synthetic GPCRs for programmable sensing and control of cell behaviour}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Pharmacological restoration of GTP hydrolysis by mutant RAS. NATURE, 637(8044), 224-229. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Approximately 3.4 million patients worldwide are diagnosed each year with cancers that have pathogenic mutations in one of three RAS proto-oncogenes (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS)1,2. These mutations impair the GTPase activity of RAS, leading to activation of downstream signalling and proliferation3–6. Long-standing efforts to restore the hydrolase activity of RAS mutants have been unsuccessful, extinguishing any consideration towards a viable therapeutic strategy7. Here we show that tri-complex inhibitors—that is, molecular glues with the ability to recruit cyclophilin A (CYPA) to the active state of RAS—have a dual mechanism of action: not only do they prevent activated RAS from binding to its effectors, but they also stimulate GTP hydrolysis. Drug-bound CYPA complexes modulate residues in the switch II motif of RAS to coordinate the nucleophilic attack on the γ-phosphate of GTP in a mutation-specific manner. RAS mutants that were most sensitive to stimulation of GTPase activity were more susceptible to treatment than mutants in which the hydrolysis could not be enhanced, suggesting that pharmacological stimulation of hydrolysis potentiates the therapeutic effects of tri-complex inhibitors for specific RAS mutants. This study lays the foundation for developing a class of therapeutics that inhibit cancer growth by stimulating mutant GTPase activity. Tri-complex inhibitors—molecular glues with the ability to recruit cyclophilin A to the active state of RAS—stimulate GTP hydrolysis in a mutant-specific manner. }, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cuevas-Navarro, Antonio and Pourfarjam, Yasin and Hu, Feng and Rodriguez, Diego J. and Vides, Alberto and Sang, Ben and Fan, Shijie and Goldgur, Yehuda and de Stanchina, Elisa and Lito, Piro}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08283-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {224-229}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Pharmacological restoration of GTP hydrolysis by mutant RAS}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Human HDAC6 senses valine abundancy to regulate DNA damage. NATURE, 637(8044), 215-223. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {As an essential branched amino acid, valine is pivotal for protein synthesis, neurological behaviour, haematopoiesis and leukaemia progression1–3. However, the mechanism by which cellular valine abundancy is sensed for subsequent cellular functions remains undefined. Here we identify that human histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) serves as a valine sensor by directly binding valine through a primate-specific SE14 repeat domain. The nucleus and cytoplasm shuttling of human, but not mouse, HDAC6 is tightly controlled by the intracellular levels of valine. Valine deprivation leads to HDAC6 retention in the nucleus and induces DNA damage. Mechanistically, nuclear-localized HDAC6 binds and deacetylates ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) to initiate active DNA demethylation, which promotes DNA damage through thymine DNA glycosylase-driven excision. Dietary valine restriction inhibits tumour growth in xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitors. Collectively, our study identifies human HDAC6 as a valine sensor that mediates active DNA demethylation and DNA damage in response to valine deprivation, and highlights the potential of dietary valine restriction for cancer treatment. The histone deacetylase HDAC6 is a sensor of valine levels, and the abundance of valine in cells regulates DNA damage and cell homeostasis functions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Jin, Jiali and Meng, Tong and Yu, Yuanyuan and Wu, Shuheng and Jiao, Chen-Chen and Song, Sihui and Li, Ya-Xu and Zhang, Yu and Zhao, Yuan-Yuan and Li, Xinran and Wang, Zixin and Liu, Yu-Fan and Huang, Runzhi and Qin, Jieling and Chen, Yihua and Cao, Hao and Tan, Xiao and Ge, Xin and Jiang, Cong and Xue, Jianhuang and Yuan, Jian and Wu, Dianqing and Wu, Wei and Jiang, Ci-Zhong and Wang, Ping}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08248-5}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {215-223}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Human HDAC6 senses valine abundancy to regulate DNA damage}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Mutant-selective AKT inhibition through lysine targeting and neo-zinc chelation. NATURE, 637(8044), 205-214. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Somatic alterations in the oncogenic kinase AKT1 have been identified in a broad spectrum of solid tumours. The most common AKT1 alteration replaces Glu17 with Lys (E17K) in the regulatory pleckstrin homology domain1, resulting in constitutive membrane localization and activation of oncogenic signalling. In clinical studies, pan-AKT inhibitors have been found to cause dose-limiting hyperglycaemia2–6, which has motivated the search for mutant-selective inhibitors. We exploited the E17K mutation to design allosteric, lysine-targeted salicylaldehyde inhibitors with selectivity for AKT1 (E17K) over wild-type AKT paralogues, a major challenge given the presence of three conserved lysines near the allosteric site. Crystallographic analysis of the covalent inhibitor complex unexpectedly revealed an adventitious tetrahedral zinc ion that coordinates two proximal cysteines in the kinase activation loop while simultaneously engaging the E17K–imine conjugate. The salicylaldimine complex with AKT1 (E17K), but not that with wild-type AKT1, recruits endogenous Zn2+ in cells, resulting in sustained inhibition. A salicylaldehyde-based inhibitor was efficacious in AKT1 (E17K) tumour xenograft models at doses that did not induce hyperglycaemia. Our study demonstrates the potential to achieve exquisite residence-time-based selectivity for AKT1 (E17K) by targeting the mutant lysine together with Zn2+ chelation by the resulting salicylaldimine adduct. A mutant-selective AKT inhibitor shows potential as a targeted therapy for breast cancer, enabling enhanced target engagement and avoiding the dose-limiting toxicity associated with pan-AKT inhibitors.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Craven, Gregory B. and Chu, Hang and Sun, Jessica D. and Carelli, Jordan D. and Coyne, Brittany and Chen, Hao and Chen, Ying and Ma, Xiaolei and Das, Subhamoy and Kong, Wayne and Zajdlik, Adam D. and Yang, Kin S. and Reisberg, Solomon H. and Thompson, Peter A. and Lipford, J. Russell and Taunton, Jack}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08176-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {205-214}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Mutant-selective AKT inhibition through lysine targeting and neo-zinc chelation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The oestrous cycle stage affects mammary tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy. NATURE, 637(8044), 195-204. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) varies substantially, even when tumours belong to the same molecular or histological subtype1. Here we identify the oestrous cycle as an important contributor to this heterogeneity. In three mouse models of breast cancer, we show reduced responses to NAC when treatment is initiated during the dioestrus stage, when compared with initiation during the oestrus stage. Similar findings were observed in retrospective premenopausal cohorts of human patients. Mechanistically, the dioestrus stage exhibits systemic and localized changes, including (1) an increased number of cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition linked to chemoresistance2–4 and (2) decreased tumour vessel diameter, suggesting potential constraints to drug sensitivity and delivery. In addition, an elevated presence of macrophages, previously associated with chemoresistance induction5, characterizes the dioestrus phase. Whereas NAC disrupts the oestrous cycle, this elevated macrophage prevalence persists and depletion of macrophages mitigates the reduced therapy response observed when initiating treatment during dioestrus. Our data collectively demonstrate the oestrous cycle as a crucial infradian rhythm determining chemosensitivity, warranting future clinical studies to exploit optimal treatment initiation timing for enhanced chemotherapy outcomes. In three mouse models of breast cancer, we show reduced responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy when treatment is initiated during the dioestrus stage, when compared with initiation during the oestrus stage.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bornes, Laura and van Winden, Lennart J. and Geurts, Veerle C. M. and de Bruijn, Beaunelle and Azarang, Leyla and Lanfermeijer, Mirthe and Caruso, Marika and Proost, Natalie and Boeije, Manon and Lohuis, Jeroen O. and Belthier, Guillaume and Noguera Delgado, Eulàlia and de Gruil, Nadia and Kroep, Judith R. and van de Ven, Marieke and Menezes, Renee and Wesseling, Jelle and Kok, Marleen and Linn, Sabine and Broeks, Annegien and van Rossum, Huub H. and Scheele, Colinda L. G. J. and van Rheenen, Jacco}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08276-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {195-204}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The oestrous cycle stage affects mammary tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis. NATURE, 637(8044), 184-194. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Ageing is associated with a decline in the number and fitness of adult stem cells1,2. Ageing-associated loss of stemness is posited to suppress tumorigenesis3,4, but this hypothesis has not been tested in vivo. Here we use physiologically aged autochthonous genetically engineered5,6 mouse models and primary cells5,6 to demonstrate that ageing suppresses lung cancer initiation and progression by degrading the stemness of the alveolar cell of origin. This phenotype is underpinned by the ageing-associated induction of the transcription factor NUPR1 and its downstream target lipocalin-2 in the cell of origin in mice and humans, which leads to functional iron insufficiency in the aged cells. Genetic inactivation of the NUPR1–lipocalin-2 axis or iron supplementation rescues stemness and promotes the tumorigenic potential of aged alveolar cells. Conversely, targeting the NUPR1–lipocalin-2 axis is detrimental to young alveolar cells through ferroptosis induction. Ageing-associated DNA hypomethylation at specific enhancer sites is associated with increased NUPR1 expression, which is recapitulated in young alveolar cells through DNA methylation inhibition. We uncover that ageing drives functional iron insufficiency that leads to loss of stemness and tumorigenesis but promotes resistance to ferroptosis. These findings have implications for the therapeutic modulation of cellular iron homeostasis in regenerative medicine and in cancer prevention. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with a model whereby most human cancers initiate at a young age, thereby highlighting the importance of directing cancer prevention efforts towards young individuals. Studies using mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma identify an association between age, iron homeostasis and tumour initiation potential that involves NUPR1 and lipocalin-2.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhuang, Xueqian and Wang, Qing and Joost, Simon and Ferrena, Alexander and Humphreys, David T. and Li, Zhuxuan and Blum, Melissa and Krause, Klavdija and Ding, Selena and Landais, Yuna and Zhan, Yingqian and Zhao, Yang and Chaligne, Ronan and Lee, Joo-Hyeon and Carrasco, Sebastian E. and Bhanot, Umeshkumar K. and Koche, Richard P. and Bott, Matthew J. and Katajisto, Pekka and Soto-Feliciano, Yadira M. and Pisanic, Thomas and Thomas, Tiffany and Zheng, Deyou and Wong, Emily S. and Tammela, Tuomas}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08285-0}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {184-194}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Endogenous self-peptides guard immune privilege of the central nervous system. NATURE, 637(8044), 176-183. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Despite the presence of strategically positioned anatomical barriers designed to protect the central nervous system (CNS), it is not entirely isolated from the immune system1,2. In fact, it remains physically connected to, and can be influenced by, the peripheral immune system1. How the CNS retains such responsiveness while maintaining an immunologically unique status remains an outstanding question. Here, in searching for molecular cues that derive from the CNS and enable its direct communication with the immune system, we identified an endogenous repertoire of CNS-derived regulatory self-peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules in the CNS and at its borders. During homeostasis, these regulatory self-peptides were found to be bound to MHC-II molecules throughout the path of lymphatic drainage from the brain to its surrounding meninges and its draining cervical lymph nodes. However, in neuroinflammatory disease, the presentation of regulatory self-peptides diminished. After boosting the presentation of these regulatory self-peptides, a population of suppressor CD4+ T cells was expanded, controlling CNS autoimmunity in a CTLA-4- and TGFβ-dependent manner. CNS-derived regulatory self-peptides may be the molecular key to ensuring a continuous dialogue between the CNS and the immune system while balancing overt autoreactivity. This sheds light on how we conceptually think about and therapeutically target neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Central nervous system (CNS)-derived regulatory self-peptides are essential for maintaining a continuous dialogue between the CNS and the immune system while balancing overt autoreactivity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Kim, Min Woo and Gao, Wenqing and Lichti, Cheryl F. and Gu, Xingxing and Dykstra, Taitea and Cao, Jay and Smirnov, Igor and Boskovic, Pavle and Kleverov, Denis and Salvador, Andrea F. M. and Drieu, Antoine and Kim, Kyungdeok and Blackburn, Susan and Crewe, Clair and Artyomov, Maxim N. and Unanue, Emil R. and Kipnis, Jonathan}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08279-y}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {176-183}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Endogenous self-peptides guard immune privilege of the central nervous system}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Gut microbiome strain-sharing within isolated village social networks. NATURE, 637(8044), 167-175. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {When humans assemble into face-to-face social networks, they create an extended social environment that permits exposure to the microbiome of others, thereby shaping the composition and diversity of the microbiome at individual and population levels1–6. Here we use comprehensive social network mapping and detailed microbiome sequencing data in 1,787 adults within 18 isolated villages in Honduras7 to investigate the relationship between network structure and gut microbiome composition. Using both species-level and strain-level data, we show that microbial sharing occurs between many relationship types, notably including non-familial and non-household connections. Furthermore, strain-sharing extends to second-degree social connections, suggesting the relevance of a person’s broader network. We also observe that socially central people are more microbially similar to the overall village than socially peripheral people. Among 301 people whose microbiome was re-measured 2 years later, we observe greater convergence in strain-sharing in connected versus otherwise similar unconnected co-villagers. Clusters of species and strains occur within clusters of people in village social networks, meaning that social networks provide the social niches within which microbiome biology and phenotypic impact are manifested. An investigation into the relationship between network structure and gut microbiome composition among people living in 18 isolated Honduras villages reveals that strain-sharing can be mediated by complex, village-wide social interactions.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Beghini, Francesco and Pullman, Jackson and Alexander, Marcus and Shridhar, Shivkumar Vishnempet and Prinster, Drew and Singh, Adarsh and Matute Juárez, Rigoberto and Airoldi, Edoardo M. and Brito, Ilana L. and Christakis, Nicholas A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08222-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {167-175}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Gut microbiome strain-sharing within isolated village social networks}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). RANK drives structured intestinal epithelial expansion during pregnancy. NATURE, 637(8044), 156-166. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {During reproduction, multiple species such as insects and all mammals undergo extensive physiological and morphological adaptions to ensure health and survival of the mother and optimal development of the offspring. Here we report that the intestinal epithelium undergoes expansion during pregnancy and lactation in mammals. This enlargement of the intestinal surface area results in a novel geometry of expanded villi. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ (RANK, encoded by TNFRSF11A) and its ligand RANKL were identified as a molecular pathway involved in this villous expansion of the small intestine in vivo in mice and in intestinal mouse and human organoids. Mechanistically, RANK–RANKL protects gut epithelial cells from cell death and controls the intestinal stem cell niche through BMP receptor signalling, resulting in the elongation of villi and a prominent increase in the intestinal surface. As a transgenerational consequence, babies born to female mice that lack Rank in the intestinal epithelium show reduced weight and develop glucose intolerance after metabolic stress. Whereas gut epithelial remodelling in pregnancy/lactation is reversible, constitutive expression of an active form of RANK is sufficient to drive intestinal expansion followed by loss of villi and stem cells, and prevents the formation of Apcmin-driven small intestinal stem cell tumours. These data identify RANK–RANKL as a pathway that drives intestinal epithelial expansion in pregnancy/lactation, one of the most elusive and fundamental tissue remodelling events in mammalian life history and evolution. The RANK–RANKL pathway drives intestinal epithelial expansion in pregnancy and lactation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Onji, Masahiro and Sigl, Verena and Lendl, Thomas and Novatchkova, Maria and Ullate-Agote, Asier and Andersson-Rolf, Amanda and Kozieradzki, Ivona and Koglgruber, Rubina and Pai, Tsung-Pin and Lichtscheidl, Dominic and Nayak, Komal and Zilbauer, Matthias and Carranza García, Natalia A. and Sievers, Laura Katharina and Falk-Paulsen, Maren and Cronin, Shane J. F. and Hagelkruys, Astrid and Sawa, Shinichiro and Osborne, Lisa C. and Rosenstiel, Philip and Pasparakis, Manolis and Ruland, Jürgen and Takayanagi, Hiroshi and Clevers, Hans and Koo, Bon-Kyoung and Penninger, Josef M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08284-1}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {156-166}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {RANK drives structured intestinal epithelial expansion during pregnancy}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Offline ensemble co-reactivation links memories across days. NATURE, 637(8044), 145-155. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Memories are encoded in neural ensembles during learning1–6 and are stabilized by post-learning reactivation7–17. Integrating recent experiences into existing memories ensures that memories contain the most recently available information, but how the brain accomplishes this critical process remains unclear. Here we show that in mice, a strong aversive experience drives offline ensemble reactivation of not only the recent aversive memory but also a neutral memory formed 2 days before, linking fear of the recent aversive memory to the previous neutral memory. Fear specifically links retrospectively, but not prospectively, to neutral memories across days. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the recent aversive memory ensemble is reactivated during the offline period after learning. However, a strong aversive experience also increases co-reactivation of the aversive and neutral memory ensembles during the offline period. Ensemble co-reactivation occurs more during wake than during sleep. Finally, the expression of fear in the neutral context is associated with reactivation of the shared ensemble between the aversive and neutral memories. Collectively, these results demonstrate that offline ensemble co-reactivation is a neural mechanism by which memories are integrated across days. In mice, a strong aversive experience drives offline ensemble reactivation of not only the recent aversive memory but also a neutral memory formed 2 days before, linking fear of the recent aversive memory to the previous neutral memory.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zaki, Yosif and Pennington, Zachary T. and Morales-Rodriguez, Denisse and Bacon, Madeline E. and Ko, BumJin and Francisco, Taylor R. and LaBanca, Alexa R. and Sompolpong, Patlapa and Dong, Zhe and Lamsifer, Sophia and Chen, Hung-Tu and Carrillo Segura, Simón and Christenson Wick, Zoé and Silva, Alcino J. and Rajan, Kanaka and van der Meer, Matthijs and Fenton, André and Shuman, Tristan and Cai, Denise J.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08168-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {145-155}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Offline ensemble co-reactivation links memories across days}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Stochastic neuropeptide signals compete to calibrate the rate of satiation. NATURE, 637(8044), 137-144. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Neuropeptides have important roles in neural plasticity, spiking and behaviour1. Yet, many fundamental questions remain regarding their spatiotemporal transmission, integration and functions in the awake brain. Here we examined how MC4R-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVHMC4R) integrate neuropeptide signals to modulate feeding-related fast synaptic transmission and titrate the transition to satiety2–6. We show that hunger-promoting AgRP axons release the neuropeptide NPY to decrease the second messenger cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons, while satiety-promoting POMC axons release the neuropeptide αMSH to increase cAMP. Each release event is all-or-none, stochastic and can impact multiple neurons within an approximately 100-µm-diameter region. After release, NPY and αMSH peptides compete to control cAMP—the amplitude and persistence of NPY signalling is blunted by high αMSH in the fed state, while αMSH signalling is blunted by high NPY in the fasted state. Feeding resolves this competition by simultaneously elevating αMSH release and suppressing NPY release7,8, thereby sustaining elevated cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons throughout a meal. In turn, elevated cAMP facilitates potentiation of feeding-related excitatory inputs with each bite to gradually promote satiation across many minutes. Our findings highlight biochemical modes of peptide signal integration and information accumulation to guide behavioural state transitions. Release of hunger-promoting and satiety-promoting neuropeptides drives opposing changes in the second messenger cAMP in awake mouse paraventricular hypothalamic MC4R neurons, thereby regulating synaptic plasticity and the transition to satiety with each bite of food.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Zhang, Stephen X. and Kim, Angela and Madara, Joseph C. and Zhu, Paula K. and Christenson, Lauren F. and Lutas, Andrew and Kalugin, Peter N. and Sunkavalli, Praneel S. and Jin, Yihan and Pal, Akash and Tian, Lin and Lowell, Bradford B. and Andermann, Mark L.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08164-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {137-144}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Stochastic neuropeptide signals compete to calibrate the rate of satiation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Prefrontal transthalamic uncertainty processing drives flexible switching. NATURE, 637(8044), 127-136. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Making adaptive decisions in complex environments requires appropriately identifying sources of error1,2. The frontal cortex is critical for adaptive decisions, but its neurons show mixed selectivity to task features3 and their uncertainty estimates4, raising the question of how errors are attributed to their most likely causes. Here, by recording neural responses from tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) performing a hierarchical decision task with rule reversals, we find that the mediodorsal thalamus independently represents cueing and rule uncertainty. This enables the relevant thalamic population to drive prefrontal reconfiguration following a reversal by appropriately attributing errors to an environmental change. Mechanistic dissection of behavioural switching revealed a transthalamic pathway for cingulate cortical error monitoring5,6 to reconfigure prefrontal executive control7. Overall, our work highlights a potential role for the thalamus in demixing cortical signals while providing a low-dimensional pathway for cortico-cortical communication. By examining neural responses from tree shrews performing hierarchical decision tasks with rule reversals, the authors identify a thalamocortical mechanism for regulating cognitive flexibility.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Lam, Norman H. and Mukherjee, Arghya and Wimmer, Ralf D. and Nassar, Matthew R. and Chen, Zhe Sage and Halassa, Michael M.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08180-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {127-136}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Prefrontal transthalamic uncertainty processing drives flexible switching}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). High-resolution genomic history of early medieval europe. NATURE, 637(8044), 118-126. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Many known and unknown historical events have remained below detection thresholds of genetic studies because subtle ancestry changes are challenging to reconstruct. Methods based on shared haplotypes1,2 and rare variants3,4 improve power but are not explicitly temporal and have not been possible to adopt in unbiased ancestry models. Here we develop Twigstats, an approach of time-stratified ancestry analysis that can improve statistical power by an order of magnitude by focusing on coalescences in recent times, while remaining unbiased by population-specific drift. We apply this framework to 1,556 available ancient whole genomes from Europe in the historical period. We are able to model individual-level ancestry using preceding genomes to provide high resolution. During the first half of the first millennium ce, we observe at least two different streams of Scandinavian-related ancestry expanding across western, central and eastern Europe. By contrast, during the second half of the first millennium ce, ancestry patterns suggest the regional disappearance or substantial admixture of these ancestries. In Scandinavia, we document a major ancestry influx by approximately 800 ce, when a large proportion of Viking Age individuals carried ancestry from groups related to central Europe not seen in individuals from the early Iron Age. Our findings suggest that time-stratified ancestry analysis can provide a higher-resolution lens for genetic history. Twigstats, a method for ancestry reconstruction, provides high-resolution genetic histories and movement patterns of people living in Europe during the first millennium ce.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Speidel, Leo and Silva, Marina and Booth, Thomas and Raffield, Ben and Anastasiadou, Kyriaki and Barrington, Christopher and Götherström, Anders and Heather, Peter and Skoglund, Pontus}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08275-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {118-126}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {High-resolution genomic history of early medieval europe}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fibular reduction and the evolution of theropod locomotion. NATURE, 637(8044), 113-117. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Since Hampé’s classic developmental experiments in the mid-twentieth century1,2, the reduced avian fibula has sparked sustained curiosity3–6. The fibula transformed throughout dinosaur evolution from a columnar structure into its splint-like avian form, a change long thought to be of little biomechanical consequence3,6. Here we integrated comparative three-dimensional kinematic analyses with transitional morphologies from the fossil record to refute this assumption and show that the reduced fibula serves a crucial function in enabling extreme knee long-axis rotation (LAR). Extreme LAR is fundamental to avian locomotion and is regularly exploited by living birds to execute complex terrestrial manoeuvres7. We infer that the evolution of this capacity was preceded by restriction of the knee to hinge-like motion in early theropod dinosaurs, driven by the origin of a mid-shank articulation8 that precluded ancestral patterns of tibiofibular motion. Freeing of the fibula from the ankle joint later enabled mobilization of this initially static articulation and, in doing so, established a novel pattern of tibiofibular kinematics essential to the extreme levels of LAR retained by modern birds. Fibular reduction thus ushered in a transition to LAR-dominated three-dimensional limb control, profoundly altering the course of theropod locomotor evolution. Using three-dimensional kinematic analyses, fibular reduction is shown to have a functional evolutionary adaptative role in birds to enable knee long-axis rotation.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Manafzadeh, Armita R. and Gatesy, Stephen M. and Nyakatura, John A. and Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08251-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {113-117}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fibular reduction and the evolution of theropod locomotion}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A functional microbiome catalogue crowdsourced from north american rivers. NATURE, 637(8044), 103-112. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Predicting elemental cycles and maintaining water quality under increasing anthropogenic influence requires knowledge of the spatial drivers of river microbiomes. However, understanding of the core microbial processes governing river biogeochemistry is hindered by a lack of genome-resolved functional insights and sampling across multiple rivers. Here we used a community science effort to accelerate the sampling, sequencing and genome-resolved analyses of river microbiomes to create the Genome Resolved Open Watersheds database (GROWdb). GROWdb profiles the identity, distribution, function and expression of microbial genomes across river surface waters covering 90% of United States watersheds. Specifically, GROWdb encompasses microbial lineages from 27 phyla, including novel members from 10 families and 128 genera, and defines the core river microbiome at the genome level. GROWdb analyses coupled to extensive geospatial information reveals local and regional drivers of microbial community structuring, while also presenting foundational hypotheses about ecosystem function. Building on the previously conceived River Continuum Concept1, we layer on microbial functional trait expression, which suggests that the structure and function of river microbiomes is predictable. We make GROWdb available through various collaborative cyberinfrastructures2,3, so that it can be widely accessed across disciplines for watershed predictive modelling and microbiome-based management practices. GROWdb defines US river microbiomes at the genome level.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Borton, Mikayla A. and McGivern, Bridget B. and Willi, Kathryn R. and Woodcroft, Ben J. and Mosier, Annika C. and Singleton, Derick M. and Bambakidis, Ted and Pelly, Aaron and Daly, Rebecca A. and Liu, Filipe and Freiburger, Andrew and Edirisinghe, Janaka N. and Faria, José P. and Danczak, Robert and Leleiwi, Ikaia and Goldman, Amy E. and Wilkins, Michael J. and Hall, Ed K. and Pennacchio, Christa and Roux, Simon and Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A. and Good, Stephen P. and Sullivan, Matthew B. and Wood-Charlson, Elisha M. and Miller, Christopher S. and Ross, Matthew R. V. and Henry, Christopher S. and Crump, Byron C. and Stegen, James C. and Wrighton, Kelly C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08240-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {103-112}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A functional microbiome catalogue crowdsourced from north american rivers}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The progression of basaltic–rhyolitic melt storage at yellowstone caldera. NATURE, 637(8044), 97-102. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Yellowstone Caldera is one of the largest volcanic systems on Earth, hosting three major caldera-forming eruptions in the past two million years, interspersed with periods of less explosive, smaller-volume eruptions1. Caldera-forming eruptions at Yellowstone are sourced by rhyolitic melts stored within the mid- to upper crust. Seismic tomography studies have suggested that a broad region of rhyolitic melt extends beneath Yellowstone Caldera, with an estimated melt volume that is one to four times greater than the eruptive volume of the largest past caldera-forming eruption, and an estimated melt fraction of 6–28 per cent2–5. Seismic velocity is strongly influenced by temperature, pressure and melt; however, magnetotelluric data are primarily sensitive to the presence of melt, making these data ideal for constraining volcanic systems. Here we utilize magnetotelluric data to model the resistivity structure of Yellowstone Caldera’s crustal magma reservoir and constrain the region’s potential for producing major volcanic eruptions. We find that rhyolitic melts are stored in segregated regions beneath the caldera with low melt fractions, indicating that the reservoirs are not eruptible. Typically, these regions have melt volumes equivalent to small-volume post-caldera Yellowstone eruptions. The largest region of rhyolitic melt storage, concentrated beneath northeast Yellowstone Caldera, has a storage volume similar to the eruptive volume of Yellowstone’s smallest caldera-forming eruption. We identify regions of basalt migrating from the lower crust, merging with and supplying heat to the northeast region of rhyolitic melt storage. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest that the locus of future rhyolitic volcanism has shifted to northeast Yellowstone Caldera. The resistivity structure of Yellowstone Caldera’s crustal magma reservoir indicates that the magma reservoirs are not eruptible at present and that the locus of future volcanism has shifted to northeast Yellowstone Caldera.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bennington, N. and Schultz, A. and Bedrosian, P. and Bowles-Martinez, E. and Lynn, K. and Stelten, M. and Tu, X. and Thurber, C.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08286-z}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {97-102}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The progression of basaltic–rhyolitic melt storage at yellowstone caldera}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Abrupt changes in biomass burning during the last glacial period. NATURE, 637(8044), 91-96. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding the causes of past atmospheric methane (CH4) variability is important for characterizing the relationship between CH4, global climate and terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Ice core records of atmospheric CH4 contain rapid variations linked to abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events and Heinrich events (HE)1,2. The drivers of these CH4 variations remain unknown but can be constrained with ice core measurements of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CH4, which is sensitive to the strength of different isotopically distinguishable emission categories (microbial, pyrogenic and geologic)3–5. Here we present multi-decadal-scale measurements of δ13C–CH4 and δD–CH4 from the WAIS Divide and Talos Dome ice cores and identify abrupt 1‰ enrichments in δ13C–CH4 synchronous with HE CH4 pulses and 0.5‰ δ13C–CH4 enrichments synchronous with DO CH4 increases. δD–CH4 varied little across the abrupt CH4 changes. Using box models to interpret these isotopic shifts6 and assuming a constant δ13C–CH4 of microbial emissions, we propose that abrupt shifts in tropical rainfall associated with HEs and DO events enhanced 13C-enriched pyrogenic CH4 emissions, and by extension global wildfire extent, by 90–150%. Carbon cycle box modelling experiments7 suggest that the resulting released terrestrial carbon could have caused from one-third to all of the abrupt CO2 increases associated with HEs. These findings suggest that fire regimes and the terrestrial carbon cycle varied contemporaneously and substantially with past abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period. An increase in wildfire extent and related greenhouse gas emissions can be linked to abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial period.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Riddell-Young, Ben and Lee, James Edward and Brook, Edward J. and Schmitt, Jochen and Fischer, Hubertus and Bauska, Thomas K. and Menking, James A. and Iseli, René and Clark, Justin Reid}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08363-3}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {91-96}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Abrupt changes in biomass burning during the last glacial period}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning. NATURE, 637(8044), 84-90. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Weather forecasts are fundamentally uncertain, so predicting the range of probable weather scenarios is crucial for important decisions, from warning the public about hazardous weather to planning renewable energy use. Traditionally, weather forecasts have been based on numerical weather prediction (NWP)1, which relies on physics-based simulations of the atmosphere. Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based weather prediction (MLWP) have produced ML-based models with less forecast error than single NWP simulations2,3. However, these advances have focused primarily on single, deterministic forecasts that fail to represent uncertainty and estimate risk. Overall, MLWP has remained less accurate and reliable than state-of-the-art NWP ensemble forecasts. Here we introduce GenCast, a probabilistic weather model with greater skill and speed than the top operational medium-range weather forecast in the world, ENS, the ensemble forecast of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts4. GenCast is an ML weather prediction method, trained on decades of reanalysis data. GenCast generates an ensemble of stochastic 15-day global forecasts, at 12-h steps and 0.25° latitude–longitude resolution, for more than 80 surface and atmospheric variables, in 8 min. It has greater skill than ENS on 97.2% of 1,320 targets we evaluated and better predicts extreme weather, tropical cyclone tracks and wind power production. This work helps open the next chapter in operational weather forecasting, in which crucial weather-dependent decisions are made more accurately and efficiently. GenCast, a probabilistic weather model using artificial intelligence for weather forecasting, has greater skill and speed than the top operational medium-range weather forecast in the world and provides probabilistic, rather than deterministic, forecasts.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Price, Ilan and Sanchez-Gonzalez, Alvaro and Alet, Ferran and Andersson, Tom R. and El-Kadi, Andrew and Masters, Dominic and Ewalds, Timo and Stott, Jacklynn and Mohamed, Shakir and Battaglia, Peter and Lam, Remi and Willson, Matthew}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08252-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {84-90}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Upconverting microgauges reveal intraluminal force dynamics in vivo. NATURE, 637(8044), 76-83. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The forces generated by action potentials in muscle cells shuttle blood, food and waste products throughout the luminal structures of the body. Although non-invasive electrophysiological techniques exist1–3, most mechanosensors cannot access luminal structures non-invasively4–6. Here we introduce non-toxic ingestible mechanosensors to enable the quantitative study of luminal forces and apply them to study feeding in living Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms. These optical ‘microgauges’ comprise upconverting NaY0.8Yb0.18Er0.02F4@NaYF4 nanoparticles embedded in polystyrene microspheres. Combining optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy to study microgauges in vitro, we show that force evokes a linear and hysteresis-free change in the ratio of emitted red to green light. With fluorescence imaging and non-invasive electrophysiology, we show that adult C. elegans generate bite forces during feeding on the order of 10 µN and that the temporal pattern of force generation is aligned with muscle activity in the feeding organ. Moreover, the bite force we measure corresponds to Hertzian contact stresses in the pressure range used to lyse the bacterial food of the worm7,8. Microgauges have the potential to enable quantitative studies that investigate how neuromuscular stresses are affected by ageing, genetic mutations and drug treatments in this organ and other luminal organs. Nanoparticle-based ‘microgauges’ are developed for in vivo force sensing and deployed in C. elegans to investigate how mechanical force correlates with electrical signalling in neuromuscular organs.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Casar, Jason R. and McLellan, Claire A. and Shi, Cindy and Stiber, Ariel and Lay, Alice and Siefe, Chris and Parakh, Abhinav and Gaerlan, Malaya and Gu, X. Wendy and Goodman, Miriam B. and Dionne, Jennifer A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08331-x}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {76-83}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Upconverting microgauges reveal intraluminal force dynamics in vivo}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Infrared nanosensors of piconewton to micronewton forces. NATURE, 637(8044), 70-75. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Mechanical force is an essential feature for many physical and biological processes1–7, and remote measurement of mechanical signals with high sensitivity and spatial resolution is needed for diverse applications, including robotics8, biophysics9,10, energy storage11 and medicine12,13. Nanoscale luminescent force sensors excel at measuring piconewton forces, whereas larger sensors have proven powerful in probing micronewton forces14–16. However, large gaps remain in the force magnitudes that can be probed remotely from subsurface or interfacial sites, and no individual, non-invasive sensor is capable of measuring over the large dynamic range needed to understand many systems14,17. Here we demonstrate Tm3+-doped avalanching-nanoparticle18 force sensors that can be addressed remotely by deeply penetrating near-infrared light and can detect piconewton to micronewton forces with a dynamic range spanning more than four orders of magnitude. Using atomic force microscopy coupled with single-nanoparticle optical spectroscopy, we characterize the mechanical sensitivity of the photon-avalanching process and reveal its exceptional force responsiveness. By manipulating the Tm3+ concentrations and energy transfer within the nanosensors, we demonstrate different optical force-sensing modalities, including mechanobrightening and mechanochromism. The adaptability of these nanoscale optical force sensors, along with their multiscale-sensing capability, enable operation in the dynamic and versatile environments present in real-world, complex structures spanning biological organisms to nanoelectromechanical systems. An avalanching-nanoparticle force sensor that can operate in the piconewton-to-micronewton range with exceptional force responsiveness is achieved by using the mechanical sensitivity of the photon-avalanching process.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Fardian-Melamed, Natalie and Skripka, Artiom and Ursprung, Benedikt and Lee, Changhwan and Darlington, Thomas P. and Teitelboim, Ayelet and Qi, Xiao and Wang, Maoji and Gerton, Jordan M. and Cohen, Bruce E. and Chan, Emory M. and Schuck, P. James}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08221-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {70-75}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Infrared nanosensors of piconewton to micronewton forces}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). GaAs nano-ridge laser diodes fully fabricated in a 300-mm CMOS pilot line. NATURE, 637(8044), 63-69. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Silicon photonics is a rapidly developing technology that promises to revolutionize the way we communicate, compute and sense the world1–6. However, the lack of highly scalable, native complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated light sources is one of the main factors hampering its widespread adoption. Despite considerable progress in hybrid and heterogeneous integration of III–V light sources on silicon7–12, monolithic integration by direct epitaxy of III–V materials remains the pinnacle of cost-effective on-chip light sources. Here we report the electrically driven gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based laser diodes fully fabricated on 300-mm Si wafers in a CMOS pilot manufacturing line based on a new integration approach, nano-ridge engineering. GaAs nano-ridge waveguides with embedded p–i–n diodes and InGaAs quantum wells are grown at high quality on a wafer scale. Room-temperature continuous-wave lasing is demonstrated at wavelengths around 1,020 nm in more than 300 devices across a wafer, with threshold currents as low as 5 mA, output powers beyond 1 mW, laser linewidths down to 46 MHz and laser operation up to 55 °C. These results illustrate the potential of the III–V/Si nano-ridge engineering concept for the monolithic integration of laser diodes in a Si photonics platform, enabling future cost-sensitive high-volume applications in optical sensing, interconnects and beyond. A new integration approach, nano-ridge engineering, enables electrically driven GaAs-based laser diodes to be fabricated on Si wafers in a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) pilot line, showing potential for the integration of laser diodes in a Si photonics platform.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {De Koninck, Yannick and Caer, Charles and Yudistira, Didit and Baryshnikova, Marina and Sar, Huseyin and Hsieh, Ping-Yi and Özdemir, Cenk Ibrahim and Patra, Saroj Kanta and Kuznetsova, Nadezda and Colucci, Davide and Milenin, Alexey and Yimam, Andualem Ali and Morthier, Geert and Van Thourhout, Dries and Verheyen, Peter and Pantouvaki, Marianna and Kunert, Bernardette and Van Campenhout, Joris}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08364-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {63-69}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {GaAs nano-ridge laser diodes fully fabricated in a 300-mm CMOS pilot line}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Formation of individual stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard system. NATURE, 637(8044), 57-62. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The relation between d-wave superconductivity and stripes is fundamental to the understanding of ordered phases in high-temperature cuprate superconductors1–6. These phases can be strongly influenced by anisotropic couplings, leading to higher critical temperatures, as emphasized by the recent discovery of superconductivity in nickelates7–10. Quantum simulators with ultracold atoms provide a versatile platform to engineer such couplings and to observe emergent structures in real space with single-particle resolution. Here we show, to our knowledge, the first signatures of individual stripes in a cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator using mixed-dimensional (mixD) settings. Increasing the energy scale of hole–hole attraction to the spin exchange energy, we access the interesting crossover temperature regime in which stripes begin to form11. We observe extended, attractive correlations between hole dopants and find an increased probability of forming larger structures akin to individual stripes. In the spin sector, we study correlation functions up to the third order and find results consistent with stripe formation. These observations are interpreted as a precursor to the stripe phase, which is characterized by interleaved charge and spin density wave ordering with fluctuating lines of dopants separating domains of opposite antiferromagnetic order12–14. Observations of the formation of individual stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator are described, enhancing understanding of the phase diagram of high-temperature superconducting materials and the relationship between charge pairs and stripes.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Bourgund, Dominik and Chalopin, Thomas and Bojović, Petar and Schlömer, Henning and Wang, Si and Franz, Titus and Hirthe, Sarah and Bohrdt, Annabelle and Grusdt, Fabian and Bloch, Immanuel and Hilker, Timon A.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08270-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {57-62}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Formation of individual stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard system}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Non-abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. NATURE, 637(8044), 52-56. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Non-Abelian gauge fields1 provide a conceptual framework to describe particles having spins, underlying many phenomena in electrodynamics, condensed-matter physics2,3 and particle physics4,5. Lattice models6 of non-Abelian gauge fields allow us to understand their physical implications in extended systems. The theoretical importance of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields motivates their experimental synthesis and explorations7–9. Photons are fundamental particles for which artificial gauge fields can be synthesized10–30, yet the demonstration of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for photons has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate SU(2) lattice gauge fields for photons in the synthetic frequency dimensions31,32, a playground to study lattice physics in a scalable and programmable way. In our lattice model, we theoretically observe that homogeneous non-Abelian lattice gauge potentials induce Dirac cones at time-reversal-invariant momenta in the Brillouin zone. We experimentally confirm the presence of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields by two signatures: linear band crossings at the Dirac cones, and the associated direction reversal of eigenstate trajectories. We further demonstrate a non-Abelian scalar lattice gauge potential that lifts the degeneracies of the Dirac cones. Our results highlight the implications of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in topological physics, and provide a starting point for demonstrations of emerging non-Abelian physics in the photonic synthetic dimensions. Our results may also benefit photonic technologies by providing controls of photon spins and pseudo-spins in topologically non-trivial ways33. Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions can be used to study lattice physics in a scalable and programmable way.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cheng, Dali and Wang, Kai and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Lustig, Eran and Long, Olivia Y. and Wang, Heming and Fan, Shanhui}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {52-56}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Non-abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Magnetospheric origin of a fast radio burst constrained using scintillation. NATURE, 637(8044), 48-51. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are microsecond-to-millisecond-duration radio transients1 that originate mostly from extragalactic distances. The FRB emission mechanism remains debated, with two main competing classes of models: physical processes that occur within close proximity to a central engine2–4; and relativistic shocks that propagate out to large radial distances5–8. The expected emission-region sizes are notably different between these two types of models9. Here we present the measurement of two mutually coherent scintillation scales in the frequency spectrum of FRB 20221022A10: one originating from a scattering screen located within the Milky Way, and the second originating from its host galaxy or local environment. We use the scattering media as an astrophysical lens to constrain the size of the observed FRB lateral emission region9 to ≲3 × 104 kilometres. This emission size is inconsistent with the expectation for the large-radial-distance models5–8, and is more naturally explained by an emission process that operates within or just beyond the magnetosphere of a central compact object. Recently, FRB 20221022A was found to exhibit an S-shaped polarization angle swing10, most likely originating from a magnetospheric emission process. The scintillation results presented in this work independently support this conclusion, while highlighting scintillation as a useful tool in our understanding of FRB emission physics and progenitors. The detection of scintillation caused by inhomogeneous plasma near a fast radio burst indicates an emission process that occurs within or just beyond the magnetosphere of a compact object.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Nimmo, Kenzie and Pleunis, Ziggy and Beniamini, Paz and Kumar, Pawan and Lanman, Adam E. and Li, D. Z. and Main, Robert and Sammons, Mawson W. and Andrew, Shion and Bhardwaj, Mohit and Chatterjee, Shami and Curtin, Alice P. and Fonseca, Emmanuel and Gaensler, B. M. and Joseph, Ronniy C. and Kader, Zarif and Kaspi, Victoria M. and Lazda, Mattias and Leung, Calvin and Masui, Kiyoshi W. and Mckinven, Ryan and Michilli, Daniele and Pandhi, Ayush and Pearlman, Aaron B. and Rafiei-Ravandi, Masoud and Sand, Ketan R. and Shin, Kaitlyn and Smith, Kendrick and Stairs, Ingrid H.}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08297-w}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {48-51}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Magnetospheric origin of a fast radio burst constrained using scintillation}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). A pulsar-like polarization angle swing from a nearby fast radio burst. NATURE, 637(8044), 43-47. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Fast radio bursts (FRBs) last for milliseconds and arrive at Earth from cosmological distances. Although their origins and emission mechanisms are unknown, their signals bear similarities with the much less luminous radio emission generated by pulsars within our Miky Way Galaxy1, with properties suggesting neutron star origins2,3. However, unlike pulsars, FRBs typically show minimal variability in their linear polarization position angle (PA) curves4. Even when marked PA evolution is present, their curves deviate significantly from the canonical shape predicted by the rotating vector model (RVM) of pulsars5. Here we report on FRB 20221022A, detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst project (CHIME/FRB) and localized to a nearby host galaxy (about 65 Mpc), MCG+14-02-011. This FRB shows a notable approximately 130° PA rotation over its about 2.5 ms burst duration, resembling the characteristic S-shaped evolution seen in many pulsars and some radio magnetars. The observed PA evolution supports magnetospheric origins6–8 over models involving distant shocks9–11, echoing similar conclusions drawn from tempo-polarimetric studies of some repeating FRBs12,13. The PA evolution is well described by the RVM and, although we cannot determine the inclination and magnetic obliquity because of the unknown period or duty cycle of the source, we exclude very short-period pulsars (for example, recycled millisecond pulsars) as the progenitor. FRB 20221022A, detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst project, shows a pronounced change in polarization during the burst, providing important clues into the nature of the source.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Mckinven, Ryan and Bhardwaj, Mohit and Eftekhari, Tarraneh and Kilpatrick, Charles D. and Kirichenko, Aida and Pal, Arpan and Cook, Amanda M. and Gaensler, B. M. and Giri, Utkarsh and Kaspi, Victoria M. and Michilli, Daniele and Nimmo, Kenzie and Pearlman, Aaron B. and Pleunis, Ziggy and Sand, Ketan R. and Stairs, Ingrid and Andersen, Bridget C. and Andrew, Shion and Bandura, Kevin and Brar, Charanjot and Cassanelli, Tomas and Chatterjee, Shami and Curtin, Alice P. and Dong, Fengqiu Adam and Eadie, Gwendolyn and Fonseca, Emmanuel and Ibik, Adaeze L. and Kaczmarek, Jane F. and Kharel, Bikash and Lazda, Mattias and Leung, Calvin and Li, Dongzi and Main, Robert and Masui, Kiyoshi W. and Mena-Parra, Juan and Ng, Cherry and Pandhi, Ayush and Patil, Swarali Shivraj and Prochaska, J. Xavier and Rafiei-Ravandi, Masoud and Scholz, Paul and Shah, Vishwangi and Shin, Kaitlyn and Smith, Kendrick}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08184-4}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {43-47}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {A pulsar-like polarization angle swing from a nearby fast radio burst}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Fragments of the brain’s myelin proteins train t cells to ward off autoimmune attacks. NATURE, 637(8044), 41-42. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery that peptides from myelin proteins in the brain help the immune system’s T cells to suppress autoimmunity could pave the way to developing therapies for inflammatory brain diseases. Mechanism found that helps the brain to suppress autoimmunity.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Wekerle, Hartmut and Kawakami, Naoto}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03846-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {41-42}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Fragments of the brain’s myelin proteins train t cells to ward off autoimmune attacks}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The case for latin to communicate science. NATURE, 637(8044), 40. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The organization of bee society, and a suggestion that Latin be used as the international scientific language, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive. Snippets from Nature’s past.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04122-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {40}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The case for latin to communicate science}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). What is the best time of the month to treat breast cancer?. NATURE, 637(8044), 39-41. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Could breast cancer survival rates be improved simply by timing treatment to a specific stage of the menstrual cycle? Mouse and human data suggest sensitivity to chemotherapy is affected by fluctuations in ovarian hormones. Sensitivity to chemotherapy is affected by hormonal fluctuations.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Ingman, Wendy V.}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03847-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {39-41}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {What is the best time of the month to treat breast cancer?}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Direct fabrication of lasers on silicon suggests solution to chip-production problem. NATURE, 637(8044), 38-39. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The lack of methods for preparing miniature lasers directly on silicon wafers is holding back photonic technology in a range of applications, including machine learning. The solution could be to construct lasers in nanoscale trenches. On-chip laser diodes installed with industry-compatible method.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Corbett, Brian}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04104-8}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {38-39}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Direct fabrication of lasers on silicon suggests solution to chip-production problem}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Ageing of stem cells reduces their capacity to form tumours. NATURE, 637(8044), 36-37. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {The discovery that the ageing of lung stem cells drives iron insufficiency and reduces the capacity of the cells to form tumours has potential implications for the treatment of cancer and for regenerative medicine. Ageing of lung stem cells drives iron insufficiency.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Cañeque, Tatiana and Rodriguez, Raphaël}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-03721-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {36-37}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Ageing of stem cells reduces their capacity to form tumours}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). Light turns tiny crystals into force sensors. NATURE, 637(8044), 35-36. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Two studies show that the light emitted by nanocrystals embedded with luminescent ions can be used to sense forces with high spatial resolution — even when those forces are inside a microscopic living worm. Light-emitting nanoparticles used to measure forces remotely.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Meijerink, Andries}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04103-9}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {35-36}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {Light turns tiny crystals into force sensors}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). How car and battery companies can work around US trade tariffs and rules. NATURE, 637(8044), 31-33. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {Understanding China’s and other nations’ responses to US trade measures can help policymakers and firms find ways to manage economic competition. Understanding China’s and other nations’ responses to US trade measures can help policymakers and firms find ways to manage economic competition.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Chun, Hyeon Young and Park, Tae Jung}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04168-6}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {31-33}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {How car and battery companies can work around US trade tariffs and rules}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }
• (2025). The small-drone revolution is coming — Scientists need to ensure it will be safe. NATURE, 637(8044), 29-30. (www)

  @article{ , abstract = {China’s low-altitude aviation economy is poised to become a trillion-yuan industry in 2025 — if safety and security challenges can be overcome. China’s low-altitude aviation economy is poised to become a trillion-yuan industry in 2025 — if safety and security challenges can be overcome.}, archive = {J_NATURE}, author = {Huang, Xun}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-024-04167-7}, journal = {Nature}, month = {1}, number = {8044}, pages = {29-30}, shortjournal = {Nature}, title = {The small-drone revolution is coming — Scientists need to ensure it will be safe}, volume = {637}, year = {2025}, }